Books on the topic 'Limited capabilities'
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1
Warner, Edward L. Soviet concepts and capabilities for limited nuclear war: What we know and how we know it. Santa Monica, CA (P.O. Box 2138, Santa Monica 90406-2138): Rand, 1989.
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2
Office, General Accounting. Nuclear nonproliferation: U.S. international nuclear materials tracking capabilities are limited : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.
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Office, General Accounting. Drug smuggling: Capabilities for interdicting private aircraft are limited and costly : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: GAO, 1989.
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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear weapons: Capabilities of DOE's limited life component program to meet operational needs : report to the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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5
Nuclear nonproliferation: U.S. international nuclear materials tracking capabilities are limited : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1994.
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6
Office, General Accounting. Nuclear weapons: Capabilities of DOE's limited life component program to meet operational needs : report to the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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7
Nuclear weapons: Capabilities of DOE's limited life component program to meet operational needs : report to the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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8
Nuclear weapons: Capabilities of DOE's limited life component program to meet operational needs : report to the Committee on Armed Services, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.
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9
Anrig, Christian F. Air and Space Warfare. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790501.003.0034.
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Through the prism of post-cold-war air campaigns, differing national positions of contributing European air forces, as well as their relative weights and evolving capabilities, are gauged. Since major Western air campaigns have occurred only with substantial US involvement, American capabilities offer natural benchmarks. The issue of breadth versus depth has affected all European air forces. Maintaining a coherent set of aerospace capabilities has proven a challenge even for larger European countries. Smaller countries can pursue only limited ambitions and maintain segments of aerospace power. Nonetheless, selected smaller air forces with the right equipment, training, and attitude have managed to make visible contributions to multinational air campaigns. Air campaigns also spurred Europe’s military space ambitions. Space assets have become indispensable enablers of modern warfare, and selected European countries have deployed important capabilities into orbit.
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Haq, Khadija, ed. A Prescription for Beijing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199474684.003.0027.
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In the chapter, Haq spells out the main challenges for the Beijing Conference of 1995. Despite much progress in women’s capabilities in the seventies and eighties, their participation in economic and political opportunities remained very limited. Such a wide gap between capabilities and opportunities leads to a considerable waste of women’s potential and, naturally, to a rising level of frustration. For Haq, the main challenge for the Beijing Conference is to improve women’s economic and political participation. He lays out concrete proposals to achieve this to include commitment to eliminate the remaining gender gaps in education and health, setting up financial institutions for the provision of credit, and pledging of the nation states to extend equal legal rights to women. He also suggested the setting up of a UN Agency for the Advancement of Women.
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Naticchia, Chris. Transparency and Executive Authority. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190922542.003.0011.
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This chapter will examine the extent (if any) to which sovereign power and executive authority may be justifiably exercised through secret laws. Generally speaking, social contract views reject such secrecy—insisting instead that laws must be public. In opposition to this apparent view of the social contract tradition, we have recent developments in the United States. These developments go beyond mere government attempts to classify information or to bar disclosure of intelligence-gathering methods or capabilities. They also include maintaining secrecy in the law through which the government exercises the authority it claims. For example, the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court issues classified rulings, creating a body of secret law that determines, by implication, which surveillance activities are consistent, and which inconsistent, with the Fourth Amendment’s protection against unreasonable searches without a particularized warrant based on probable cause. This chapter will argue that the social contract tradition itself may contain resources for defending these sorts of actions. It will explore whether paternalistic principles, whose scope is determined through contractarian reasoning, might be able to account for some government secrecy that extends beyond classifying information and protecting intelligence methods and capabilities to maintaining secrecy in some governing laws themselves. The question would be whether such limited paternalism—limited to cases involving “infirmities” of our reason or will—may be justifiably expanded to cover cases where those infirmities are absent, but where typical citizens may simply be “squeamish” about the judgments that certain executive decisions require.
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Hashim, Mohd Khairuddin. Small and medium-sized enterprises in Malaysia role and issues. UUM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/9832479231.
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Collectively, Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) form an important part of most economies.However, in Malaysia, despite their significant role in the development process of the national economy, studies involving SMEs appear to be limited as well as neglected.The 13 articles represented in this book were previously published in journals and presented at various conferences.These articles address various important issues concerning SMEs such as their definitions, development, role, strategic factors, weaknesses, skills and knowledge requirements, assistance programmes, firm characteristics, business strategies, export activities and distinctive capabilities. It is believed that this book is useful both as the basic introduction to the subject for those studying small business management and entrepreneurship, and as a reference work for owners and managers of SMEs.
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Dishion, Thomas J. An Evolutionary Framework for Understanding Coercion and Aggression. Edited by Thomas J. Dishion and James Snyder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199324552.013.6.
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This chapter proposes an evolutionary framework for understanding the link between social exclusion and deep marginalization in the development of aggression and violence. It argues that (1) the evolution of language in the primate lineage provides unique capabilities for forming social groups and communities and also defining and signaling exclusion, marginalization, and social rejection; and (2) exclusion and marginalization in humans have historically been salient predictors of mortality and are evocative of self-organization into deviant social groups. The life history perspective offers a macrolevel explanation of the developmental cascade from early childhood defiance to more serious antisocial behavior and violence. An evolutionary framework also provides perspective about which interventions are most likely to be effective at specific points in development and which are potentially limited in effectiveness, or worse, iatrogenic.
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Grech, Dennis, and Laurence M. Hausman. Anesthetic Techniques. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495756.003.0004.
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Anesthetic techniques for procedures performed outside the traditional operating room are varied. General anesthesia, sedation, and regional anesthesia can all be delivered in this venue. The choice of technique is based on safety considerations and patient comorbidities. Perioperative monitoring such as pulse oximetry, end-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring, and electrocardiography and blood pressure monitoring protocols must be consistent with American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines. Common procedures include elective office-based anesthetics, emergency room sedations, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies in the gastroenterology suite, and minimally invasive interventions in the radiology department. Because most of these locations have limited postanesthesia care unit capabilities, the patient’s rapid return to baseline functioning and the ability to be discharged quickly, safely, and comfortably are important goals. Thus, anesthetic technique and the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the anesthetics, analgesics, antiemetics, and local anesthetics are of utmost importance.
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Lin, Erica P., Andreas W. Loepke, and Emad B. Mossad. Cardiac Catheterization. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0028.
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Cardiac catheterization plays an increasing role in the management of pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease. These days, the catheterization laboratory often also functions as a satellite operating room with hybrid capabilities that involve both the surgeons and interventional cardiologists. Delivering anesthesia in this environment is challenging, and the physical space is limited. Exposure to ionizing radiation increases in proximity to the patient during fluoroscopy. Furthermore, the medical complexity of the patient population cared for in this setting continues to broaden, as a wider range of interventions becomes available. In order to plan the safest anesthetic management, it is imperative for anesthesiologists to have a firm understanding of each patient’s physiology and how it will be affected by both the sedation/anesthesia and the proposed procedure. Teamwork and situational awareness are essential, as are anticipation and preparation for the rare occurrence of a major, life-threatening complication.
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El Namaki, MSS, and Pooja Sharma, eds. Management of Data in AI Age. CSMFL Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46679/isbn9788194848349.
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This book is a compilation of contributed works on management of data in the age of artificial intelligence. The AI technologies have changed the way the businesses do manage themselves in modern times. It becomes much more important to manage the data a business owns when the same can be collated and used by the allied AI technologies for forming business decisions. This book highlights how AI and machine learning can help businesses categorise and manage their organizational data. The book introduces how small businesses can benefit from AI technologies for their data management with limited budgets. The book advocates for making AI processes to be core part of consumer experience and support management within the businesses. As a unique feature, this book also goes to make an awareness as to how human brain can use AI’s deep learning capabilities to make reflective decisions. The book also introduces as to how big data and big data analytics can help agriculture and farm management sector. It is hoped that the readership will find this book useful in the areas of big data management, machine learning and data decisions, AI technologies for small businesses, usage of AI in emerging sectors and those areas where data needs to managed in an environment of automation.
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Mitchell, George E., Hans Peter Schmitz, and Tosca Bruno-van Vijfeijken. Between Power and Irrelevance. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190084714.001.0001.
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Geopolitical shifts, increasing demands for accountability, and growing competition have been driving the need for change within the transnational nongovernmental organization (TNGO) sector. Additionally, TNGOs have been embracing more transformative strategies aimed at the root causes, not just the symptoms, of societal problems. As the world has changed and TNGOs’ ambitions have expanded, the roles of TNGOs have begun to shift and their work has become more complex. To remain effective, legitimate, and relevant in the future necessitates organizational changes and investments in new capabilities. However, many organizations have been slow to adapt. As a result, for many TNGOs’ the rhetoric of sustainable impact and transformative change has far outpaced the reality of their limited abilities to deliver on their promises. This book frankly explores why this gap between rhetoric and reality exists and what TNGOs can do individually and collectively to close it. In short, TNGOs need to change the fundamental conditions under which they themselves operate by bringing their own “forms and norms” into better alignment with their contemporary ambitions and strategies. This book offers accessible future-oriented analyses and lessons-learned to assist readers in formulating and implementing organizational changes to adapt TNGOs for the future. The book draws upon a variety of disciplines and perspectives, including hundreds of interviews with TNGO leaders, firsthand involvement in major organizational change processes in leading TNGOs, and numerous workshops, training institutes, consultancies, and research projects.
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Leuprecht, Christian, and Hayley McNorton. Intelligence as Democratic Statecraft. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893949.001.0001.
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Democracy needs to be defended, and intelligence is the first line of defence. However, the liberal-democratic norm of limited state intervention in the lives of citizens means that security and accountability are in tension insofar as their first principles are diametrically opposed: whereas openness and transparency are hallmarks of democratic governance, operational secrecy—in relation to other states, to democratic society, and to other parts of government—is the essence of intelligence tradecraft. Intelligence accountability reconciles democracy and security through transparent standards, guidelines, legal frameworks, executive directives, and international law. Evolving executive, legislative, judicial, and bureaucratic mechanisms for intelligence oversight and review have become a distinct feature of democratic regimes. Over recent decades legislative and judicial components have been added to complement administrative and executive accountability. Using a most-similar systems design to compare intelligence accountability in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, this book expands compliance as the sine qua non of intelligence to gauge effectiveness, efficiency, and innovation across the intelligence community. In the context of changing technology and threat vectors that have significantly affected, altered, and expanded the role, powers, and capabilities of intelligence, this book compares the institutions, composition, practices, characteristics, and cultures of intelligence accountability systems across the world’s oldest and most powerful intelligence alliance. In an asymmetric struggle against unprincipled adversaries, accountability has to reassure a sceptical public that the intelligence and security community plays by the same rules that democracies are committed to defend.
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Taylor, Dan. Spinoza and the Politics of Freedom. Edinburgh University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474478397.001.0001.
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Taking as its starting point the formative role of fear in Spinoza’s thought, this book argues that Spinoza’s vision of human freedom and power is realised socially and collectively. It presents a new critical study of the collectivist Spinoza, wherein we can become freer through desire, friendship, the imagination, and transforming the social institutions that structure a given community. A freedom for one and all, attuned to the vicissitudes of human life and the capabilities of each one of us to live up to the demands and constraints of our limited autonomy. It repositions Spinoza as the central thinker of desire and freedom, and demonstrates how the conflicts within his work inform contemporary theoretical discussions around democracy, populism and power. Spinoza’s politics and their development are analysed both philosophically and historically. The argument approaches Spinoza’s texts critically, presenting new findings from the Latin. It critically engages with diverse hermeneutic traditions in Spinoza studies, from continental readings of Spinoza’s ontology and politics to more analytical or historicist Anglophone approaches to his epistemology and metaphysics, alongside recent work sensitive to the socially useful roles of the imagination and the affects. The book sets out new concepts to work through with Spinoza like commonality, collectivity, unanimity and interdependence, and analyses existing debates around democracy, the multitude, slavery and autonomy. Its overarching claim is that freedom in Spinoza is a necessarily political endeavour, realised by individuals acting cooperatively, requiring the development of socio-political institutions and communal imaginings that can realise the common good.
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Shabaev, Yu P. Regionalism and Ethnicity in Russia: Historical Evolution and Contemporary Political Practices. FRC Komi SC UB RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19110/89606-023.
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The monograph is devoted to the analysis of Russian regionalism. Various forms of regionalism are considered and it is shown that the formation and expansion of the Russian state inevitably strengthened the regionalist and proto-federal forms of organizing the government of the country and interaction between the central government and individual regions. Moreover, an analysis of the early forms of regionalization, and especially the forms of management of ethnic territories, shows that the "imperial discourse", with the help of which many researchers try to explain the features of the economic, social and cultural development of the country in the imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet periods of its history, has limited heuristic capabilities. The authors argue that in the history of Russia, regionalization and centralization were not mutually exclusive directions of development, but complementary. The processes of regionalization peaked in the 1990s, after which, instead of a loose treaty federation, a solid constitutional federation began to form, which was facilitated by the strengthening of the centralization of power. Nevertheless, the obvious need to strengthen the role of the regions leads to the fact that in recent years there has been an active search for a new model of regional policy of the federal authorities and a new nature of interaction between the Center and the regions. The ethnic factor still plays a significant role in this process. The main attention in the work is paid to the consideration of the ideology and political practices associated with regionalism, the inextricable connection of Russian regionalism with ethnicity is shown. Considerable space is devoted to the characteristics of the origins and political evolution of regionalist ideas in Russia, as well as to the analysis of the peculiarities of Soviet and post-Soviet regionalism. The necessity of improving the regional policy of the federal authorities is substantiated.
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Lippmann, Morton, and Richard B. Schlesinger. Our Environmental Future. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190688622.003.0012.
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This chapter describes the rapid growth in human populations, standard of living, chemical pollutant emissions, and ability to protect human health and welfare, while dealing with the growing stresses on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems during the past century. It also discusses the need to, and means of anticipating the drivers of resource cosumption and usage, the and practical means that can be applied to harness our emerging technological capabilities in order to limit future chemical emissions and their capacity to cause adverse effects on human health and welfare.
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Wills, Gabrielle, Debra Shepherd, and Janeli Kotzé. Explaining the Western Cape Performance Paradox. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0006.
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In this chapter we consider how well primary school students perform in the Western Cape when compared with their peers in other provinces and countries across Southern and Eastern Africa. We find that while the Western Cape is a relatively efficient education system within South Africa, particularly in serving the poorest students, a less-resourced country such as Kenya produces higher Grade 6 learning outcomes at every level of student socio-economic status. The system performance differentials are not explained away by differences in resourcing, teacher, school inputs, or indicators of hierarchical governance. The results point to the limits of strong Weberian bureaucratic capabilities for raising learning outcomes.
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Bolt, Paul J., and Sharyl N. Cross. The Sino–Russian Military–Security Relationship. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198719519.003.0003.
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China and Russia see numerous external and internal challenges that threaten their security, including Russia’s standoff with NATO over Ukraine and China’s territorial disputes in the South China Sea, and both states are increasing the capabilities of their military forces. In this environment, China and Russia have established a secure border that enables them to focus elsewhere. Russian arms sales to China are important, and the two sides engage in joint military exercises, both bilaterally and in conjunction with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. They further cooperate on regional issues and space. However, China and Russia have not formed a military alliance, and the memory of past conflicts and the growing power of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) vis-à-vis the Russian military place limits on security cooperation.
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Eisenberg, Melvin A. Behavioral Economics and Contract Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199731404.003.0011.
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Chapter 11 concerns behavioral economics. Classical contract law was implicitly based on a rational-actor or expected-utility model of psychology. Under this model, actors who make decisions in the face of uncertainty rationally maximize their expected utility, with all future benefits and costs properly discounted to present value. Rationality, in turn, requires that when consequences are uncertain their likelihood must be evaluated without violating the basic rules of probability theory. Within the last half century a great body of theoretical and empirical work in cognitive psychology, known as behavioral economics, has shown that due to the limits of cognition the expected-utility model often diverges from the actual psychology of choice. Some of the decision-making rules that people use yield systematic errors, and other aspects of peoples’ cognitive capabilities are also systematically defective.
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Clark, Gordon L., and Ashby H. B. Monk. Cooperation and Collaboration. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793212.003.0010.
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Chapter 10 explains how and why new modes of cooperation and collaboration between, rather than within, institutions have become important. It summarizes the distinctive attributes of the global financial services industry. Critically, it looks at the value of cooperation and collaboration as a means of giving senior managers opportunities to adapt or extend the capacities of their institutions in a changing environment. This characterization of cooperation and collaboration is applied to the design of investment platforms bringing together financial institutions across space and time to invest in opportunities beyond inherited capabilities and resources. Findings relevant to the literature on organizational change are explored as a way to better understand the nature and shape of global financial services. The limits of cooperation and collaboration are identified with respect to the capacity of senior managers to make commitments on behalf of their organizations.
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Hemerijck, Anton. Social Investment and Its Critics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790488.003.0001.
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The introduction to the volume surveys the emergence, diffusion, limits, merits, and politics of social investment as an ‘emerging’ welfare policy paradigm for the knowledge-based economy. After revisiting its intellectual roots, the chapter surveys the criticisms that are levelled against the social investment perspective in the academic literature. Provoked by critics, and also the growing evidence of social investment headway and theoretical progress, the chapter subsequently develops a multidimensional life-course taxonomy of three complementary social investment functions: (1) easing the ‘flow’ of contemporary labour-market and life-course transitions; (2) raising the quality of the ‘stock’ of human capital and capabilities; and (3) maintaining strong minimum-income universal safety nets as income protection and economic stabilization ‘buffers’, as a heuristic template for analysing the interdependent character of social investment policy reform through the lens of the life-course contingencies of the knowledge economy and modern family demography.
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Margulies, Ivone. In Person. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190496821.001.0001.
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In Person: Reenactment in Postwar and Contemporary Cinema delineates a new performative genre based on replay and self-awareness. The book argues that in-person reenactment, an actual person reenacting her past on camera, departs radically from other modes of mimetic reconstruction. In Person theorizes this figure’s protean temporality and revisionist capabilities, and it considers its import in terms of social representativity and exemplarity. Close readings of select, historicized examples define an alternate, confessional-performative vein to understand the self-reflexive nature of postwar and post-Holocaust testimonial cinemas. The book contextualizes Zavattini’s proposal that in neorealism everyone should act his own story in a sort of anti-individualist, public display (Love in the City and We the Women). It checks the convergence between verité experiments, a heightened self-critique in France, and the reception of psychodrama in France (Chronicle of a Summer and The Human Pyramid) in the late 1950s. And, through Bazin, it reflects on the quandaries of celebrity biopics: how the circularity of the star’s iconography is checked by her corporeal limits (Sophia: Her Own Story and the docudrama Torero!). In Person traces a shift from the exemplary and transformative ethos of 1950s reenactment toward the unredemptive stance of contemporary reenactment films such as Lanzmann’s Shoah, Zhang Yuan’s Sons, and Andrea Tonacci’s Hills of Chaos. It defines continuities between verité testimony (Chronicle and Moi un Noir) and later parajuridical films such as The Karski Report and Rithy Panh’s S21: The Khmer Rouge Killing Machine, suggesting the power of co-presence and in-person actualization for an ethics of viewership.
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Weinel, Jonathan. Inner Sound. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190671181.001.0001.
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Inner Sound explores how altered states of consciousness have shaped the design of electronic music and audio-visual media. The book begins by discussing consciousness, and how this may change during states such as dreaming, psychedelic experience, meditation, and trance. Next, a variety of shamanic traditions are reviewed, in order to explore how indigenous societies have reflected visionary experiences through visual art and music. This provides the necessary background from which to consider how analogue and digital audio technologies enable specific capabilities for representing or inducing altered states of consciousness in psychedelic rock, electronic dance music, and electroacoustic music. Developing the discussion to consider sound in the context of audio-visual media, the role of altered states of consciousness in films, visual music, VJ performances, interactive video games, and virtual reality applications is also discussed. Through the analysis of these examples, the author uncovers common mechanisms, and ultimately proposes a conceptual model for ‘Altered States of Consciousness Simulations’. This theoretical model describes how sound can be used to simulate various subjective states of consciousness from a first-person perspective, in an interactive context. Throughout the book, the ethical issues regarding altered states of consciousness in electronic music and audio-visual media are also explored, ultimately allowing the reader to consider not only the design of Altered States of Consciousness Simulations, but also the implications of their use for digital society. In this way, Inner Sound explores the limits of technology for representing and manipulating consciousness, at the frontiers of electronic music and art.