Academic literature on the topic 'Limboo Population'
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Journal articles on the topic "Limboo Population"
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Li, Shen, Matthias Zenkel, Friedrich E. Kruse, Andreas Gießl, and Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt. "Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of Melanocyte Precursor Cells in the Human Limbal Stroma." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 7 (March 29, 2022): 3756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23073756.
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Given their vital role in the homeostasis of the limbal stem cell niche, limbal melanocytes have emerged as promising candidates for tissue engineering applications. This study aimed to isolate and characterize a population of melanocyte precursors in the limbal stroma, compared with melanocytes originating from the limbal epithelium, using magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) with positive (CD117/c-Kit microbeads) or negative (CD326/EpCAM or anti-fibroblast microbeads) selection approaches. Both approaches enabled fast and easy isolation and cultivation of pure limbal epithelial and stromal melanocyte populations, which differed in phenotype and gene expression, but exhibited similar functional properties regarding proliferative potential, pigmentation, and support of clonal growth of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs). In both melanocyte populations, limbus-specific matrix (laminin 511-E8) and soluble factors (LEPC-derived conditioned medium) stimulated melanocyte adhesion, dendrite formation, melanogenesis, and expression of genes involved in UV protection and immune regulation. The findings provided not only a novel protocol for the enrichment of pure melanocyte populations from limbal tissue applying easy-to-use MACS technology, but also identified a population of stromal melanocyte precursors, which may serve as a reservoir for the replacement of damaged epithelial melanocytes and an alternative resource for tissue engineering applications.
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Imran, Maya, Rosman Ilato, Fitri Hadi Yulia, Meyko Panigoro, Ardiansyah Ardianyah, and Sudirman Sudirman. "Pengaruh Pengajaran Remedial Terhadap Pencapaian Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS Terpadu." Journal of Economic and Business Education 1, no. 3 (November 7, 2023): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37479/jebe.v1i3.20332.
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This study aims to determine the influence of remedial teaching on the achievement of the minimum completeness criteria in the integrated sosial subject in grade VII of SMP Negeri 2 Limboto. The research used an expereimental method with One Group Pretest-Postest Design. The total populations were 86 students, and the samples were 46 students determined through probality sampling. This research was quantitative reswarch with a descriptive analysis teachnique. The results showed that the infuence of remedial teaching on the achievement of the minimun completeness criteria in the integrated social science subject in grade VII of SMP Negeri 2 Limbboto was that there was a difference in the average pretest and posttest scores. The average pretest score was 49,13, while the posttest was 80,09. The percentage obtained before and after remedial teaching was 63% in other words remedial teaching influenced the achiement of the minimum completeness criteria in the integrated social science subject in grade VII of SMP Negeri 2 Limboto.
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Ibrahim, Ahmad Yusuf, Supramana, and Giyanto. "Populasi Nematoda Tanah pada Perlakuan Limbah Tanaman Brassicaceae." Jurnal Fitopatologi Indonesia 19, no. 1 (March 6, 2023): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14692/jfi.19.1.19-29.
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Population of Soil Nematodes in The Treatment of Brassicaceae Plant Waste Brassicaceae plants are known to contain glucosinolates which can be hydrolyzed into biofumigant compounds. This research was conducted to examine the effect of biofumigant derived from Brassicaceae plants waste on soil nematode population dynamics. Greenhouse experiment was carried out on 4 types of Brassicaceae plants waste, consisting of leaf waste of radish (Raphanus sativus), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), and whole parts kamanilan weed (Roripa indica) in polybags containing 5 L of nematode infested soil. Plant waste was chopped ± 1 cm in size, then as much as 117 g per polybag was mixed in nematode infested soil, doused with water until wet and tightly closed for the biofumigation process for 14 days. At the end of biofumigation step, the polybags were opened for 3-5 days, then 7 day - old cucumber seedlings of var. Roberto 92 were planted and the plants were maintained in greenhouse for up to 8 weeks. Observation of the type and population of soil nematodes was carried out three times, i.e. before treatment, after treatment, and 8 weeks after planting. This experiment was designed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The results of the study showed that the population of free-living nematodes (bacteriovorous nematodes and fungivorous nematodes) was increased in all treatment of Brassicaceae plants waste. On the other hand, there was a significant decrease in the phytonematodes population in the treatment of broccoli leaf waste. All Brassicaceae wastes was able to suppress population of Helicotylenchus sp., Rotylenchulus sp., and Xiphinema sp., significantly. Leaf waste of broccoli leaves showed the highest inhibition value against all phytonematodes genera with inhibition reached 100%.
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Ibrahim, Mustamin, Ilyas H. Husain, and Tutin Pratiwi Langaru. "Biodiversity of Migrant Birds in the Limboto Lake Region, Gorontalo Province." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 23, no. 3 (June 25, 2023): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v23i3.5246.
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The bird population in Indonesia is rich in diversity, this is based on the number of bird populations and environmental conditions that are still maintained so as to allow the birds to live. This study aims to describe the types of migratory birds in Lake Limboto. The method used in this study is the count point method and with 4 observation points for 7 days on different days. The starting point of the observations is carried out alternately for each station so that there are variations in the observation time at each station. Overall, the classification of migratory birds in the Limboto Lake area is classified as moderate with an index carbon index value of 1.79. Migratory birds found in the Lake Limboto area are 9 species of migratory birds belonging to 7 families with a total of 706 individuals. The highest index value H'= 1.63 is at station 1, the diversity index value is moderate and the lowest hidden index H'= 0 is at station 4, the index value is relatively low.
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Shaharuddin, Bakiah, Sajjad Ahmad, Simi Ali, and Annette Meeson. "Limbal side population cells: a future treatment for limbal stem cell deficiency." Regenerative Medicine 8, no. 3 (May 2013): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/rme.13.18.
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Ayuba, Iyan. "Pengaruh Atribut Produk Dan Pengetahuan Konsumen Terhadap Niat Pembelian Pada PT Hasjrat Abadi Cabang Limboto." Gorontalo Management Research 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gomares.v1i1.123.
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Iyan Ayuba, 2018 the effect of knowledge and attributes of products to customer friendly shopping at pt. hasjrat abadi cabang limboto. The purpose of this study was to determine how attributes influence consumer knowledge of the product and purchase intentions in PT Hasjrat Abadi cabang Limboto and the population in this study are all consumers who never make purchases at PT Hasjrat Abadi cabang Limboto. Samples were taken using purposive sampling sample size of 50 people . Data analysis technique used is multiple regression . The results showed that : 1 ) . Product attributes significantly influence purchase intention on PT Hasjrat Abadi cabang Limboto. 2 ) . Consumer knowledge significantly influence purchase intention on PT Hasjrat Abadi cabang Limboto.
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Polisetti, Naresh, Lyne Sharaf, Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Günther Schlunck, and Thomas Reinhard. "Efficient Isolation and Functional Characterization of Niche Cells from Human Corneal Limbus." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 5 (March 2, 2022): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23052750.
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The fate decision of limbal epithelial progenitor cells (LEPC) at the human corneal limbus is determined by the surrounding microenvironment with limbal niche cells (LNC) as one of its essential components. Research on freshly isolated LNC which mainly include limbal mesenchymal stromal cells (LMSC) and limbal melanocytes (LM) has been hampered by a lack of efficient protocols to isolate and purify these cells. We devised a protocol for rapid retrieval of pure LMSC, LM and LEPC populations by collagenase digestion of limbal tissue and subsequent fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using antibodies against CD90 and CD117. The sorted cells were characterized by immunophenotyping and functional assays. The effects of LMSC and LM on LEPC were studied in 3D co-cultures and LEPC differentiation status was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Enzymatic digestion and flow sorting yielded pure populations of LMSC (CD117−CD90+), LM (CD117+CD90−), and LEPC (CD117−CD90−). The LMSC exhibited self-renewal capacity (55.0 ± 4.6 population doublings), expressed mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD44), and transdifferentiated to adipocytes, osteocytes, or chondrocytes. The LM exhibited self-renewal capacity and sustained melanin production. The sorted LEPC expressed epithelial progenitor markers (CK14, CK19, and CK15) and showed a colony-forming ability. Co-cultivation of LMSC and LM with LEPC resulted in a 4–5-layered stratified epithelium and supported the preservation of a LEPC phenotype, as reflected by increased p63+ and Ki67+ cells and decreased CK12+ cells compared with LEPC monocultures. A highly efficient isolation of pure LM, LMSC, and LEPC populations from a single preparation may allow for direct transcriptomic and proteomic profiling as well as functional studies on native unpassaged LNC, which can be considered as proper equivalents of LNC in vivo. The developed biomimetic 3D co-culture method could provide an experimental model for investigating the functional role of LNC in the limbal stem cell niche.
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Abdul, Elfis Mus. "Pengaruh Persepsi Bauran Pemasaran Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Di Percetakan Tiara Limboto Kabupaten Gorontalo." Gorontalo Management Research 1, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32662/gomares.v1i1.128.
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ELFIS MUS ABDUL, 2018. marketing hotchpotch perception influence towards customer satisfaction at Printing Office Tiara Limboto regency.This watchfulness aims to detect influence presepsi marketing hotchpotch towards customer satisfaction at Printing Office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo. Data that used in this watchfulness primary data that baseds on from admission filling kuisioner. Watchfulness population number 50 customers by using incedental method. Technics analysis that used to answer watchfulness problem and test hypothesis doubled regression analysis constructively software statistical package social science (spss) that is used to analyze data. Before do hypothesis test, done validity testing and reliabilitas instrument that continued pegujian regression analysis rules.This watchfulness finding (1) Found positive influence and significant Product towards customer satisfaction at Printing Office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo, (2) Found positive influence and significant Price towards customer satisfaction at printing office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo, (3) Found positive influence and significant Place towards customer satisfaction at Printing Office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo, (4) Found positive influence and significant Promotion towards customer satisfaction at Printing Office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo.Testing simultaneously attribute that product, price, place and promotion positive influential and significant towards customer satisfaction at printing office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo. Influential dominant variable towards customer satisfaction at Printing Office Tiara Limboto regency Gorontalo is Place.
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Liu, Shaohui, Jing Li, Chuanfu Wang, Donald Tan, and Roger Beuerman. "Human Limbal Progenitor Cell Characteristics are Maintained in Tissue Culture." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 35, no. 2 (February 15, 2006): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v35n2p80.
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Introduction: Acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) afflicts young middle-aged males in the Western population. We aimed to analyse patient demographics and to determine the angiographic characteristics of acute CSCR in an Asian population. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study of all patients presenting with acute CSCR who had fundal fluorescein angiograms performed within a 4-year period (between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2001). Results: The fluorescein angiograms of 128 patients were analysed. The majority were male (109/128) with a male-to-female ratio of 5.7:1. The age range of patients was 26 to 60 years, with a mean age of 41 years. The majority of patients (84%) were aged 30 to 50 years. With regard to racial distribution, 83% were Chinese, 6% were Malays and 11% were Indians or of other races. Unilateral disease was found in 74 patients (58%) and 52 had bilateral disease. The macula was the most common site of fluorescein leakage and was found in 97 patients (76%). Almost half the patients (44%) had more than one site of disease involvement (i.e., multifocal). The inkblot leakage pattern was found in 103 patients (80%). Conclusions: The patient demographics of acute CSCR in our population were compared to that reported in the West. The gender ratio was similar, with males being afflicted 6 to 10 times more compared to females. There was no racial predilection found for acute CSCR in the local population. We also found a significant proportion of patients with bilateral and multifocal disease compared to the West. The inkblot pattern of leakage was the most common pattern seen on angiography. There were a significant number of cases with bilateral and multifocal involvement, exceeding those reported in non-Asian populations. Key words: Cell culture, Feeder layer, Limbal epithelial cells, Progenitor cells, Stem cells
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Aprianto Sabihi, Nurfaika Nurfaika, and Syahrizal Koem. "PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFI UNTUK PEMETAAN POLA ALIRAN AIR TANAH DI KECAMATAN LIMBOTO." Ocean Engineering : Jurnal Ilmu Teknik dan Teknologi Maritim 1, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58192/ocean.v1i4.370.
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Limboto Subdistrict, which is the capital of Gorontalo Regency, has fairly high population growth and is an area that is vulnerable to the effects of drought. This causes the availability of groundwater to decrease. This study aims to utilize the GIS application to determine the pattern of groundwater flow in the Limboto District. This groundwater flow pattern can be used as a reference for further research related to groundwater. The type of data in this study is the type of primary data. The method used in this research is a survey method, namely by measuring directly in the field. The data analysis technique used to determine the pattern of groundwater flow in Limboto Regency is utilizing software (GIS) using ArcGIS 10.7 software to obtain a map of groundwater flow patterns in Limboto District. The results of the spatial analysis of the groundwater flow pattern map in Limboto District show that water flows from the northern part of the study site to the southern part of the study site.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Limboo Population"
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Dorjee, Binu. "Study on nutritional status using anthropometry among the limboo population of Sikkim." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/3610.
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Dorjee, Binu. "Study on nutritional status using anthropometry among the limboo population of Sikkim." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2018. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/2824.
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Hussain, Zubair. "The limbic connections and neuronal populations of the nucleus accumbens : a subterritorial study with specific attention to the interneuronal population." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240475.
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Bell, Katie. "Habitat selection and population dynamics of selected herbivores on Sondela Nature Reserve, Limpopo." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26204.
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Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this document. Copyright 2003, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bell, K 2003, Habitat selection and population dynamics of selected herbivores on Sondela Nature Reserve, Limpopo, MSc dissertation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07112007-094017 / >Dissertation (MSc (Wildlife Management))--University of Pretoria, 2003.
Animal and Wildlife Sciences
unrestricted
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Tolonen, Arto. "The role of a tapeworm Diphyllobothrium ditremum Creplin in the regulation mechanisms of a subarctic whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus (L.)) population." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2001. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/maa/limno/vk/tolonen/.
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Hill, Anne. "Phantom limb pain in a working-age population." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320384.
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Weiler, Tracey. "Limb girdle muscular dystrophy in unique Manitoba populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ62676.pdf.
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Webster, Kara L. "The importance of regional dynamics in local limber pine (Pinus flexilis) populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ38617.pdf.
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Mashinya, Felistats. "Cardiovascular risk factors in an HIV infected rural population of Limpopo Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1717.
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Thesis (Ph. D. (Medical Sciences)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016Refer to document
The Belgium Development Co-operation through VLIR-UOS, The University of Limpopo,and The Flemish Universities
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Lee, Antonio Seung Jin, and n/a. "Myogenic mononucleated cell populations in the developing vertebrate limb in vivo." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070321.143922.
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Skeletal muscles of the limb are derived from somites and their precursors migrate to the limb prior to muscle formation. Upon migration, a limited number of stem cells multiply and differentiate to give rise to fusion-competent muscle cells, which fuse to form the multinucleated myotubes. During the course of myogenesis there is thus a period of few days when cells at different developmental stages such as migrating, proliferating, differentiating and fully differentiated co-reside within the developing limb bud. Current understanding on how these cells interact and behave during early and later myogenesis in vivo is lacking. The aim of this project was to identify and further classify the mononucleated myogenic cells present within the developing limb muscle and examine their behaviours at different stages of myogenesis.
The lack of an appropriate method to extract and visualise cellular constituents of developing muscles has been a major limitation hindering such investigations in vivo. In this project, we first developed a unique cell isolation method to extract mononucleated cells from developing muscles, allowing examination of mononucleated cells in vivo using immunocytochemistry. As Pax3, Pax7 and Myogenic Regulatory Factors (MRFs) are the key players for the muscle formation, they were used to mark the different myogenic sub-populations.
The results from chicken and rats clearly demonstrate that three myogenic cell pools, namely Pax3, Pax7 and MRFs positive cells, and 4 sub-populations formed by their overlap, co-exist in specific proportions within the developing limb muscle, and that their proportions undergo dynamic changes during the course of myogenesis. The most striking observation was that the sizes of Pax3 and MRF compartments remain constant while that of Pax7 compartment increases dramatically during myogenesis. Thus each myogenic cell compartment in the developing muscle has different cell kinetics during primary and secondary myogenesis. The dynamic changes in the proportions of these myogenic sub-populations may constitute a dynamically maintained cellular niche, within which the muscle stem cells reside. Our study suggests that the concept of community effect - the interaction between a group of cells and their surrounding cells, originally from invertebrate muscle system, may be conserved in mammalian systems. Furthermore, this study for the first time, reports that the earliest fully differentiate muscle cells in the rat hindlimb are highly elongated mononucleated cells which express Pax3, MyoD, myogenin and myosin but not Myf-5 protein.
In summary, this study provides quantitative data to demonstrate dynamic changes in various mononucleated myogenic cell populations during skeletal muscle formation and reveals that Pax7(+ve) population becomes significantly upregulated during secondary myogenesis.
Books on the topic "Limboo Population"
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Bliss, Alison. Paediatric pain epidemiology. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0055.
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The landmark paper discussed in this chapter reviewed 51 epidemiological studies looking at the incidence and prevalence of both acute pain and chronic pain in children and adolescents. The paper divided the studies they reviewed into two broad categories: those which examined pain in non-clinical populations, such as school children or general population samples, and those which examined pain in clinical settings, such as inpatients, outpatients from specific clinics, or special populations. In the clinical studies assessed, back pain in athletes and overuse injury syndrome in musicians were also included as studies from special populations. The non-clinical studies included head, stomach/abdominal, and back pain, as well as further studies focusing on oral/dental and limb pain, dysmenorrhoea, and multiple pain problems. The authors concluded that the epidemiology of pain in children and adolescents remained relatively undocumented.
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Prentice, Elizabeth. Peripheral Nerve Block Catheter for Extremity Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199764495.003.0060.
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Continuous peripheral nerve blockade (CPNB) can provide excellent postoperative analgesia. Many adult studies report the effectiveness of CPNB. Although not as widely adopted in pediatrics, several studies support its use. Its niche lies in provision of analgesia after major unilateral limb surgery with severe postoperative pain expected for 48 to 72 hours. Lower limb surgery of this type is more common than upper limb in the pediatric population. Examples include club foot repair, osteotomy, or resection of sarcoma. This chapter presents two cases where CPNB is a good option for postoperative analgesia.
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Kahn, S. Lowell. Reverse Deployment of the Gore Excluder Contralateral Iliac Limbs for Central Venous Occlusive Disease. Edited by S. Lowell Kahn, Bulent Arslan, and Abdulrahman Masrani. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199986071.003.0030.
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Central venous occlusive disease is a common finding, especially in the dialysis population. The incidence of central venous occlusions is increasing, largely because of the expanded use of central venous catheters and pacer wires in the growing dialysis population. The clinical sequelae of central venous occlusions are highly variable and depend on the site of occlusion, the presence of collaterals, and the presence of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula on the affected side. Many patients have occult disease, but often the disease presents with failure of the AV access and swelling of the involved extremity, breast, neck, and face. Rarely, a pleural effusion may be present. This chapter discusses the use of Gore Excluder iliac limbs for some large central venous occlusions.
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Scholle, Carol Curio. Rapid Response Team Organization and Activation (DRAFT). Edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190612474.003.0002.
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The Rapid Response System (RRS) is organized into four basic components. These components include an activation limb, a response limb, a quality assurance infrastructure, and an administrative component. These components remain consistent despite campus size, physical layout, patient population, available technical resources, and personnel. Oversight of the RRS is provided by the patient safety, risk management experts, as well as clinical experts to maintain high quality of care delivered to acutely ill patients. Administrative support in the development of policy, allocation of resources, and communicating a strong and clear message regarding the mission and vision of the RRS is invaluable. In this chapter, we review each element of the RRS.
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Murinova, Natalia, and Daniel Krashin. Susceptibility of Peripheral Nerves in Diabetes to Compression and Implications in Pain Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0006.
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Diabetes affects a large and growing percentage of the population in most countries of the world. Diabetes causes many different health problems, but among the most severe and disabling is peripheral neuropathy. This progressive, often painful nerve condition causes suffering and disability and also predisposes patients to developing musculoskeletal deformities and foot ulcers that may threaten life and limb. This chapter reviews briefly the significance of this condition, the underlying pathophysiology, and surgical considerations. Surgical decompression is a possible treatment for this neuropathy and may help prevent disastrous complications of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. However, foot surgery in the setting of diabetic peripheral neuropathy also carries significant risks.
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Xu, Huji, Feng Huang, Chan-Bum Choi, and Tae-Hwan Kim. Axial spondyloarthritis in Asia. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0028.
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The prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in Chinese and Korean populations is not dissimilar to that in Caucasians. However, the age of onset is younger and peripheral arthritis of the lower limb is relatively more common. Multicenter studies have revealed similarities and differences among different ethnic backgrounds. For example, the dominant HLA-B27 subtype in Chinese SpA is B2704, while it is B2705 in Koreans. Both Chinese and Korean rheumatologists have adopted ASAS/EULAR guidelines to manage axSpA. TNFi are covered by insurance in Korea but not in China. Owing to early onset and the high cost of TNFi therapy, axSpA has placed enormous burdens on both patients and society in Asia. To achieve a higher HRQoL, rheumatologists are bringing forward cost-effective and treat-to-target therapeutic strategies by integrating nonpharmacological treatment, traditional medications, and biologics in a multimodality setting. Further basic and clinical studies in Asian populations are needed to improve decision-making in clinical practice.
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Harrington, Lesley, and Benjamin Osipov. The Developing Forager. Edited by Sally Crawford, Dawn M. Hadley, and Gillian Shepherd. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199670697.013.23.
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Studies of regional and chronological variation in skeletal markers of physical activity in past hunter-gatherer populations typically focus on adults, however, patterns of bone strength develop predominantly during childhood and adolescence. Ethnographic studies suggest that differences in environment and subsistence strategy would have brought about variation in how children grew up to be productive foragers capable of procuring food for themselves and others. Different foraging activities require varying degrees of physical strength and skills development. These factors would have influenced the age at which individuals began to participate in different foraging activities and lead to regional and chronological differences in the ontogeny of limb robusticity. This process is culturally-mediated in terms of the degree to which children are ‘trained’ in subsistence activities. Consequently, this study compares ontogenetic patterns in the development of bone strength with the aim of reconstructing physical activity patterns among the children of two Holocene hunter-gatherer populations.
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Reinecke, Holger. Epidemiology and global burden of peripheral arterial disease and aortic aneurysms. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0068.
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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) and aortic aneurysms are common diseases which show an increasing prevalence and incidence. From community-based trials assessing ankle–brachial indices, 2–4% of the general population have been shown to be affected by PAD, which increases up to 15% in those above 70 years of age. About 30–40% of the in-hospital cases with PAD have critical limb ischaemia and suffer from a 1-year mortality of 20–40%. Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) also show a relatively high prevalence of about 1–2% in the general population as found by large-scale, systematic duplex screening. Of these, about 5% come to hospital admittance with a ruptured AAA which is still associated with an in-hospital mortality of up to 50%. The prevalence of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) was reported to be at about 0.16–0.34% in selected subgroups of the general population. The incident cases of TAAs have risen from 10/100,000 cases in the late 1980s up to about 17/100,000 cases in the first decade of this millennium. It is noteworthy that PAD and aortic aneurysms as well as their associated co-morbidities remain in many cases underdiagnosed and undertreated. This leads to a high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality which could not be obviously markedly reduced in the recent decades. Since nearly all vascular disorders are systemic diseases, not only the specific vessel bed which leads to a presentation should be assessed but also all other possible vascular manifestations should be thoroughly examined to reduce adverse events.
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Candido, Kenneth D., and Teresa M. Kusper. Sympathetic Pain Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190626761.003.0013.
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This chapter is a brief overview of the major sympathetic pain syndromes and their clinical characteristics, treatment, and preventative measures. It offers a concise overview of distinguishing characteristics, pathogenetic mechanisms, available treatment options for major sympathetic pain syndromes, and in-depth discussion pertaining to complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) and the influence of specific surgical procedures on the development of this syndrome. Risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms related to the emergence of CRPS after orthopedic and spine surgeries have been analyzed, as well as therapies and practices used preemptively to prevent new CRPS and worsening of chronic pain and disability in the affected limb. Finally, possible therapies for the postsurgical period are discussed to facilitate rehabilitation and speed up recovery after orthopedic and spinal surgeries in this patient population.
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Figorilli, Michela, Monica Puligheddu, and Raffaele Ferri. Scoring guidelines for sleep-related movements. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0010.
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This chapter focuses on available and validated scoring guidelines for sleep-related movements, such as periodic limb movements, alternating legs movements, rhythmic movements, sleep bruxism, sleep myoclonus, and REM behavior disorder. Some scoring methods have recently been updated with the use of computerized and automatic techniques; others are based on old criteria derived from visual analysis of events recorded on paper. Further studies are needed to develop and validate automatic scoring methods and to assess their reliability and usefulness for both research purposes and clinical practice. Moreover, scoring methods and related cut-off values have to be validated, not only against controls, but also in specific populations, such as patients with Parkinson disease and REM behavior disorder.
Book chapters on the topic "Limboo Population"
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Kim, Kevin G., Paige K. Dekker, and Kenneth L. Fan. "Analyzing the Population Dynamics of Limb Salvage." In Functional Limb Salvage, 591–601. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27725-2_37.
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Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula. "Clonal Analysis of Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Populations." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 55–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-432-6_3.
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Kirsten, Johann F., Bernhard Dalheimer, and Bernhard Brümmer. "Overview of the Macroeconomic Drivers of the Region." In Sustainability of Southern African Ecosystems under Global Change, 113–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10948-5_4.
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AbstractThe ecosystems in Southern Africa are impacted by economic activity and population growth and pressure. There are several macro-economic drivers shaping these economic and population pressures and it is for this reason that this chapter unpacks the macro-economic drivers in the region. With the economy of South Africa dominating the regional economy (90% of Gross value added) it makes sense to discuss to the macroeconomic situation in Southern Africa by referring to policy and macro indicators in South Africa as a proxy of the regional situation. We also focus on the Limpopo province which shares boundaries and an ecosystem with three other countries in Southern Africa. Starting from the general macropolicy situation, major macro indicators for the region, the country and Limpopo are presented, jointly with the specific challenges, regulatory frameworks and policies that govern the development processes in the region. We focus on environmental, agricultural and trade policy measures, including their interlinkages, and illustrate that they provide a volatile and uncertain environment for structural development of the agricultural sector.
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Raynor, Eliot. "Chapter 11. The contact origin(s) of ‘hand’ and ‘foot’ > ‘limb’ in Antioquian Spanish." In Lifespan Acquisition and Language Change, 264–93. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ahs.14.11ray.
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This study examines the semantic extension of mano ‘hand’ and pie ‘foot’ to their contemporary senses of ‘upper limb’ and ‘lower limb’ in Spanish varieties of Antioquia, Colombia. This dialectally idiosyncratic pattern, hitherto unexplained in the literature, is accounted for here as the combined outcome of adult acquisition among various groups. First, Chocoan languages predominating in the region throughout the early colonial period show a congruent pattern in the lexemes for ‘upper limb’ (e.g., Embera Chamí húa) and ‘lower limb’ (e.g., Embera Catío hẽ́ɾṹ), and their speakers plausibly initiated the change via L1 transfer. Chroniclers’ accounts also reveal that Antioquia’s earliest Europeans relied heavily upon enslaved African(-descendants), and records of ships carrying enslaved peoples to the nearby port cities demonstrate that much of the African-born population in 16th-century Antioquia spoke languages with congruent patterns also (e.g., Kikongo kóoko ‘upper limb’ and kúulu ‘lower limb’). It is proposed that adult Spanish learners with these L1s reinforced the innovative variant.
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Pasta, Francesco. "Fikirtepe in limbo: urban transformation, cross-border migration, and re-peripheralization in Istanbul." In Embodying Peripheries, 170–99. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-661-2.08.
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The historical development of Istanbul’s gecekondu areas (informally-originated neighborhoods) can be broadly interpreted as a progression toward the center and subsequent re-peripheralization, both in sociopolitical terms and in actual urban geography. While Istanbul emerged in recent decades as a magnet for transnational migrants and for capitals pouring into the debt-fueled real estate sector, many such neighborhoods have been targeted by speculative socio-spatial restructuring projects, while also absorbing much of the migratory influx. The recent economic crisis plunged these urban redevelopment sites into a deadlock, generating a fragmented urbanscape in which multiple layers of uncertainty, suspension, and informalization overlap and interact. This chapter explores the unfolding transformation in Fikirtepe, the largest ongoing redevelopment project in the city, which has seen its social and urban fabric torn apart by the redevelopment and is currently stuck in an unstable but protracted limbo. As Fikirtepe becomes “unlivable” for many of its long-time dwellers, a number of migrants are moving in, etching out a living: a collateral effect of redevelopment failure, creating a space of opportunity for new disenfranchised populations with varied backgrounds, legal statuses, and life trajectories. Within this setting, this chapter analyzes the periphery as a condition that is articulated, reproduced, and transformed through embodied practices. With their practices, narratives, and trajectories, those who inhabit such botched urban transformation embody different layers of the periphery, contributing to shape an understanding of it as a perspectival condition with a polyvalent spatiality and temporality.
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Napaumporn, Bongkot. "Forgotten Stateless Vietnamese in Thailand." In IMISCOE Research Series, 57–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25748-3_4.
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AbstractMigration of Vietnamese to Thailand is not recent. Thailand has accommodated Vietnamese fleeing violence, political upheavals and religious oppression for over 350 years. Among these Vietnamese, some were able to be integrated into Thai society, others managed to return to their motherland and many rebuilt their lives in a third country. Due to problems between Thailand and Viet Nam that stemmed largely from ideological antagonism characteristic of the Cold War, the Vietnamese refugees fleeing conflicts during that time faced the most difficulties while in Thailand. Their existence and issues surrounding them including their belonging had been politicised throughout. National security was deployed to legitimise restrictions of the group. Their children, even though born and brought up in Thailand, were unable to acquire Thai nationality. Although policies toward this population had been significantly improved since 1992, it took years to resolve their problem. While many remain in Thailand, some tried their luck to move irregularly to seek a better life in other countries such as Japan. There, they ended up living in limbo because of their illegal entry and unsolved statelessness status.
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Avanzini, Marco, Isabella Salvador, Elisabetta Starnini, Daniele Arobba, Rosanna Caramiello, Marco Romano, Paolo Citton, et al. "Following the Father Steps in the Bowels of the Earth: The Ichnological Record from the Bàsura Cave (Upper Palaeolithic, Italy)." In Reading Prehistoric Human Tracks, 251–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60406-6_14.
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AbstractThe chapter summarizes the new results of the Bàsura Revisited Interdisciplinary Research Project. The integrated interpretation of recent archaeological data and palaeosurface laser scans, along with geoarchaeological, sedimentological, geochemical and archaeobotanical analyses, geometric morphometrics and digital photogrammetry, enabled us to reconstruct some activities that an Upper Palaeolithic human group led inside a deep cave in northern Italy within a single exploration event about 14 ka calBP. A complex and diverse track records of humans and other animals shed light on individual- and group-level behaviour, social relationship and mode of exploration of the uneven terrain. Five individuals, composed of two adults, an adolescent and two children, entered the cave barefoot lightening the way with a bunch of wooden sticks (Pinus t. sylvestris/mugo bundles). While proceeding, humans were forced to move on all fours, and the traces they left represent the first report of crawling locomotion in the global human ichnological record. Anatomical details recognizable in the crawling traces show that no clothing was present between limbs and the trampled sediments. Our study demonstrates that very young children (the youngest about 3 years old) were active members of the human groups, even in apparently dangerous and social activities, shedding light on behavioural habits of Upper Palaeolithic populations.
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Holland, Edward J., and Mayank Gupta. "Cornea and Lens Problems in Aniridia." In Aniridia and WAGR Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195389302.003.0010.
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The corneal epithelium is a rapidly regenerating, stratified squamous epithelium. Homeostasis of corneal epithelial cells is an important prerequisite, not only for the integrity of the ocular surface, but also for the visual function. The maintenance of a healthy corneal epithelium under both normal and wound-healing conditions is achieved by a population of stem cells located in the basal layer of limbal epithelium. The Limbus represents the transition zone between the peripheral cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva. The stem cells from the limbus generate the transient amplifying cells that migrate, proliferate, and differentiate to replace lost or damaged corneal epithelial cells. In patients with aniridia, there is a primary dysfunction of these limbal stem cells (see Figure 6.1). The cornea is affected clinically in 90 percent of the patients with aniridia. In most cases, the cornea in aniridic patients appears normal and transparent during infancy and childhood. However, during the early teens, the cornea begins to show changes. The early changes are marked by the in-growth of opaque epithelium from the limbal region into the peripheral cornea, which represents conjunctival epithelial cells, goblet cells, and blood vessels in the corneal epithelium. These changes gradually progress toward the central cornea and may cause corneal epithelial erosions and epithelial abnormalities that eventually culminate in opacification of the corneal stroma, which leads to vision loss. With the gradual loss of limbal stem cells, the entire cornea becomes covered with conjunctival cells. Eventually, many patients develop total limbal stem cell deficiency. These abnormalities usually become more pronounced with aging. The corneal abnormalities seen in aniridia are collectively termed “aniridic keratopathy”. Significant corneal opacification may occasionally be the initial manifestation of aniridia. Abnormal tear film stability and meibomian gland dysfunction are also observed in patients with aniridia. This can lead to dry eyes, aggravating corneal erosion and ulceration observed in aniridic patients. Sometimes, aniridia is associated with “Peter’s anomaly,” in which central corneal opacity is present at birth along with defects in the corneal endothelium and Descemet’s membrane.
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Ruberte, Esther, Harikrishna Nakshatri, Philippe Kastner, and Pierre Chambon. "Retinoic acid receptors and binding proteins in mouse limb development." In Retinoids in Normal Development and Teratogenesis, 99–112. Oxford University PressOxford, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198547709.003.0008.
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Abstract The vertebrate limb appears as an outgrowth in the flank of the embryonic body. Initially it consists of a mesenchymal core covered by a layer of ectoderm. During the elongation of the limbs the apparently homogeneous population of the mesenchymal cells gives rise to different cell types: cartilage, bone, muscle, and other tissues, that develop in appropriate spatial relationships to constitute the developed limb. From grafting experiments that have been performed mainly in the chick, it appears that two mechanisms are involved in the formation of the proximodistal (from the base to the tip) and the anteroposterior (from the thumb to the little finger) pattern of the limbs. Development of the proximodistal axis involves the mesenchymal cells in the distal tip of the limbs, which through a mesenchymal-ectodermal interaction, induce the overlying ectoderm to thicken. This results in the formation of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium known as the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). This ridge appears to be essential for the outgrowth of the limbs and grafting experiments have shown that its removal results in a truncated limb (Zwilling 1956; Saunders and Gasseling 1968). Once the AER is formed it exerts an inductive influence on the underlying mesenchyme, which grows rapidly and differentiates. Positional values along the proximodistal axis are defined by the time spent in an area of undifferentiated mesenchyme under the tip of the bud, known as the progress zone (Summerbell et al. 1973). Cells leaving the progress zone at early times differentiate into proximal structures, while the cells that leave the progress zone later give rise to distal structures.
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O’Donnell, Anne Marie, and Chris Little. "Orthopaedics and trauma of the limbs." In Fitness for Work, 233–67. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199643240.003.0012.
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Musculoskeletal disease (MSD) remains one of the biggest causes of disability and sickness absence in the working population. As the working population ages, this is likely to continue. The occupational practitioner’s role is to reduce the impact of these problems for both employee and employer. This requires not only knowledge of the conditions, but also an understanding of the psychosocial factors underlying sickness absence and an evidence-based approach to rehabilitation. Patients generally do not have to be completely fit to commence, remain in, or return to work, and resuming work may be part of the rehabilitation process (see Chapter 4). Reasonable accommodations under the Equality Act 2010 may help overcome barriers to work to the benefit of workers and their employers (see Chapter 2). Flexible working and well-designed work environments may help retention and facilitate useful and safe work. In this context, fitness for work is a relative concept, dependent on suitable adjustments to the work environment.
Conference papers on the topic "Limboo Population"
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Sullivan, Sarah R., Noshir A. Langrana, and Sue Ann Sisto. "Multibody Computational Biomechanical Model of the Upper Body." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84809.
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In the United States alone, more than 10,000 spinal cord injuries (SCI) are reported each year. This population depends upon their upper limbs to provide a means of locomotion during completion of their activities of daily living. As a result of greater than normal usage of the upper limbs, proper propulsion mechanics are paramount in preventing injuries. Upper limb pain and pathology is common among manual wheelchair users due to the requirements placed on the arms for wheelchair locomotion. During the wheelchair rehabilitation process following an SCI, an individual is prescribed a wheelchair (WC). The use of a patient-specific computational biomechanical model of WC propulsion may help guide rehabilitation that may improve clinical instruction and patient performance. The overall goal of this study is to develop and refine a computational model that may aide in minimizing shoulder pathology.
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Shetye, Snehal, Stewart Ryan, Nicole Ehrhart, and Christian Puttlitz. "Novel Endoprosthesis for Limb Sparing of Canine Distal Radius Osteosarcoma Patients: A Modular Approach." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53164.
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Distal radius osteosarcoma accounts for nearly 10% of all cancer-related maladies within the canine population. Traditional methods of treatment include amputation and/or chemotherapy. A major increase in survival rates (from 10% to 60%) with the combined use of these two techniques has now directed research towards saving the limbs of these patients. Massive cortical bone allografts, metal endoprosthesis and distraction osteogenesis are some of the available limb sparing approaches that have been investigated. Distraction osteogenesis requires surgeon expertise and significant post-operative intervention. Cortical allografts require the maintenance of a bone bank. Furthermore, they are associated with increased infection rates and ultimately result in amputation of the affected limb. Metal endoprostheses are a viable alternative to these methods. A metal endoprosthesis has previously been developed for limb sparing of distal radius osteosarcoma patients. However, a clinical trial of this device demonstrated failure rates of approximately 40%. The major causes of failure were screw pullout and shear failure of the proximal radius screws. A computational finite element study conducted in our laboratory corroborated these findings and provided critical information as regards to the structural causes of failure for these implants.
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Stella, Isabela de Almeida, Herval Ribeiro Soares Neto, Vanessa de Freiras Moreira, Arthur da Veiga Kalil Coelho, Kássia Braga Canzian, Marcella Canato Toloi, Amanda Freitas Alves, and Sephora Sabrina Candido. "Response of neuropathic pain to intravenous immunoglobulin in diabetic amyotrophy: a case report." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.686.
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Introduction: A 58-year-old male patient, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) five years ago, started with neuropathic pain in the lumbar region radiating to the right thigh, and later to the left thigh, progressing to difficulty walking and significant weight loss over six months. On examination, patient with grade IV proximal paraparesis, slightly asymmetrical, associated with muscle atrophy and abolished reflexes. Regarding the upper limbs, the examination was normal. During the investigation, electroneuromyography (ENMG) showed sensory and motor involvement in the lower limbs, with a mixed pattern, associated with cerebrospinal fluid with hyperproteinorrachia. The rest of the exams did not show alterations, raising the hypothesis of diabetic amyotrophy (DA). Discussion: DA affects less than 1% of all diabetic patients. Its typical clinical presentation is the presence of acute pain in the proximal region of the lower limbs, initially unilateral, evolving with paresis and muscle atrophy, as well as involvement of the contralateral limb in more advanced cases. The diagnosis is based mainly on clinical suspicion. ENMG demonstrates a pattern more related to axonal degeneration than demyelination, generally sparing upper limbs. Currently, there is no evidence to support or contraindicate any immunotherapy in the treatment of DA. In this case, IVIg was performed with excellent response in pain control. Conclusion: Despite being a less common complication related to DM, DA becomes important in a scenario of increased incidence of metabolic diseases in the Brazilian population. It is important to know its presentation to aid in the diagnosis of a disease thais is rate but with an excellent response to IVIg infusion.
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Koehler-McNicholas, Sara R., Lori Danzl, and Lars Oddsson. "The Effect of a Lower-Limb Sensory Prosthesis on Balance and Gait in People With Peripheral Neuropathy." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3466.
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Peripheral neuropathy (PN), commonly caused by diabetes mellitus, is a debilitating condition that currently affects approximately 20 million Americans. Chronic symptoms of PN often involve pain and weakness of the lower limbs, with eventual sensation loss on the plantar surfaces of the feet. According to epidemiological studies, reduced foot sole sensation has been linked to decreased standing stability [1] and an increased risk of falling [2]. Consequently, cost-effective interventions are needed to improve balance and mobility in this population. A growing body of research suggests that vibrotactile cues delivered to sensate areas of the lower limb may be an effective way to provide information about foot sole pressure to PN patients who experience poor balance control. Indeed, sensory substitution devices that provide vibrotactile feedback have been shown to aid in balance and improve postural control in various patient populations [3–7]. However, none of these technologies have been based on measurements of foot pressure nor have they been used as a balance prosthesis. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of a new external lower-limb sensory prosthesis, the Walkasins™, on the balance and gait of individuals with PN who experience balance problems [8]. Walkasins™ consist of two parts: a leg unit and a foot pad (Figure 1). The leg unit wraps around the lower leg of the user and contains electronics for reading foot pad pressure signals, a microprocessor, and four vibrating motors that provide gentle tactile sensory cues to the front, back, medial, and lateral surfaces of the user’s leg. These cues reflect real-time foot pressure information at a location above the ankle where skin sensation is still present. The leg unit has a power button, two status LEDs, and a reset button (not shown in Figure 1). Power is supplied by a rechargeable internal battery. The foot pad is a thin consumable sole insert that can be cut to size and fit into a regular shoe. The foot pad connects to the leg unit through a physical cable. In this study, subjects performed gait and balance assessments with and without the Walkasins™ turned on in order to determine its short-term effects.
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Khmelnychyi, Leontij, Evgeniya Samokhina, Serhii Khmelnychyi, and Bohdan Karpenko. "The heritability and correlative variability of linear traits with milk yield of Holstein firstborn cows." In Scientific and practical conference with international participation: "Management of the genetic fund of animals – problems, solutions, outlooks". Scientific Practical Institute of Biotechnologies in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61562/mgfa2023.19.
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Studies carried out to evaluate the firstborn cows of Holstein breed (Ukrainian Black-and-White dairy with a conditional bloodline of Holstein above 93.75%) by conformation type. The research base was the breeding farm of PE "Buryns'ke" of Pidlisnivskyi branch in Sumy district. The modern method of linear classification used by two systems: 9-score, de-scribing 18 conformation body parts and 100-score, with a set of four selection traits defining the dairy type, body, limbs and udder. The population-genetic aspect determined by the heritability and correlative variability of linear traits with milk yield of Holstein cows of domestic breeding in Sumy region. Group traits characterizing the dairy type of cows (r = 0.398), body development (r = 0.412), limb condition (r = 0.215), udder morphological qualities (r = 0.466) and final score best correlated with milk yield (r = 0.474). The highest coefficients of heritability were found for the dairy type (h2 = 0.366), body (h2 = 0.328), udder (h2 = 0.385) and final score (h2 = 0.477). The average and moderate heritability level determined for descriptive traits: height (h2 = 0.286), body depth (h2 = 0.275), angularity (h2 = 0.414), rear width (h2 = 0.295), pelvic limbs posture (h2 = 0.274), fore (h2 = 0.351) and rear (h2 = 0.296) udder attachment and central ligament (h2 = 0.294). A sufficient heritability level and correlative variability between linear traits and milk yield allowed effectively select dairy cattle in the direction of improving the conformation and productivity.
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Sa, Mariana Moreira Soares de, Emanuelle Ferreira Barreto, Marina Soares Vilela, Roberta Kelly Netto Vinte Guimarães, Vanessa Alves Lobato, Renato Pereira da Costa Junior, Antonio Pereira Gomes Neto, and Paulo Pereira Christo. "Spondylodiscitis and early diagnosis: a case report." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.146.
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Context: Spondylodiscitis is a term that includes vertebral osteomyelitis, spondylitis and discitis. Among the vertebrae, the most affected are the lumbar (45%), followed by the thoracic (35%). Adults present themselves progressively, with a predominant complaint of low back pain and pain on palpation of the affected site, with significant limitation of movement due to muscle spasms. Report a clinical case with an emphasis on the possibility of early diagnosis and correct treatment aimed at the recovery of patients with neurological sequelae. Analysis of medical records in a patient admitted to the neurology ward of Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte. Clinical Case report: A.I.S. patient, 45 years old, with chronic low back pain due to asymmetry of the left lower limb. History of wear of the femoral head diagnosed in adolescence. Evolving for 2 months with progressive weakness in the lower limbs, associated with paresis and paresis in the left lower limb. He performed abdominal USG which showed hepatosplenomegaly with collateral circulation, increased caliber of the portal, splenic and superior mesenteric veins. Tomography of the lumbosacral spine with osteolytic lesions in the joints of L2-L3, L3-L4 and L4-L5., With almost total osteolysis of the L4 vertebral body, retropulsion of much later at this level, suggesting spondylodiscitis. The resonance of the lumbar spine performed with acute spondylodiscitis L2-L3 and L3-L4, compressing the roots of the equine tail with a comprehensive potential, remains as the emerging emerging roots. Liquid filling of the L3- L4 intervebral disc compatible with acute spondylodiscitis. Staphylococcus aureus and enterobacteria are responsible for more than half of the cases of non-tuberculosis. Conclusion: The diagnosis of discitis can be quite difficult, due to the rarity of the disease, the insidious symptoms and the high prevalence of low back pain in the general population. It is considered an important morbidity factor, as it causes an important neurological sequel. In addition, it points to the importance of differential diagnosis of low back pain in the population.
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Vieira, René Aloisio da Costa, Fabiola Cristina Brandini da Silva Tozzo, Almir José Sarri, Cristiano de Pádua Souza, and Marco Antônio Oliveira. "Evaluation of upper limb lymphedema using spectroscopic bioimpedance in a Brazilian population." In Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium 2023. Mastology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942023v33s1025.
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Objective: Upper limb lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment is a disabling, chronic, and often incurable sequel, resulting from lymphatic insufficiency. There are several methodologies for diagnosing lymphedema, such as volumetrics (considered the gold standard), perimetry (the method most used in clinical practice due to its ease of application), perometry, lymphoscintigraphy, and computed tomography, which are high-cost equipment and are not superior to other methods, and spectroscopic bioimpedance (BIS), which allows the early diagnosis of lymphedema. Early detection is related to lower costs in the treatment of this comorbidity and less impact on the quality of life of these women; however, there are still no studies using BIS to assess lymphedema in the Brazilian population. The aim of this study was to analyze the validity of BIS as a method for diagnosing lymphedema in Brazilian women undergoing treatment for breast cancer and compare it with other methods. Methodology: A cross-sectional prospective study was carried out at Hospital de Amor, evaluating 462 women undergoing treatment for breast cancer, from May 2015 to January 2021. Lymphedema was evaluated using different methodologies. BIS results were compared with direct volumetry. L-Dex® technology/BIS equipment from ImpediMed® was acquired using FAPESP grant under the number 2014 08197-0. The study was approved by the local ethics committee under the numbers 782/2014 and CAAE 28140214.1.0000.5437. Results: When comparing patients with lymphedema diagnosed by direct volumetry with those diagnosed by BIS, BIS did not diagnose lymphedema in 52 of the 93 patients with lymphedema. BIS sensitivity was 44.1%, specificity 95.4%, PPV was 70.7%, NPV was 87% and Kappa was 0.459. When performing the ROC curve between BIS and volumetry, a good area under the curve was obtained (AUC=0.75) and a possible cutoff point of L-Dex® ³7.35 with a sensitivity of 57%, a specificity of 90.9%, and kappa value=0.489. Conclusion: BIS showed low sensitivity and concordance and did not prove to be a valid method for diagnosing lymphedema in Brazilian women.
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Spath, William E., and Wayne W. Walter. "Feasibility of Integrating Multiple Types of Electroactive Polymers to Develop an Artificial Human Muscle." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37321.
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Electroactive polymers (EAPs) have been labeled as the future stakeholder for artificial muscle technology and machine actuation. The US Armed Forces have seen an increased population of service members suffering from loss of limbs as a result of conflicts overseas. Civilian populations have suffered as well, due to muscle tissue deterioration brought on by injury or disease. Many prosthetic limbs have been engineered with rotary actuation, but do not mimic fluid motion as human muscles do. Through the research of biomimetics, imitating nature and applying those techniques to technology, electroactive polymers have been found to produce the fluid-like characteristics of biological muscles as needed for precise artificial simulation. These materials exhibit common traits of biological muscle tissue regarding potential energy storage. When activated by an electrical voltage potential, EAPs can produce characteristics such as: bending/axial strain or changes in viscosity. One classification of electroactive polymers, Ionic EAPs, exhibit bipolar activation under low voltages and can be found in various physical states; solid, liquid, and gel states. These characteristics make Ionic EAPs the most attractive materials to be used in low energy or mobile applications, such as exoskeletons and implants. For high strain and large load applications, electronic EAPs can be used. Electronic EAPs require high voltages which induces high rates of strain and large deformations. To date, it appears that various types of EAP materials are being used individually, as opposed to integrated with other types. Biological muscles are made of many different proteins organized in an optimized geometrical structure which yields a more efficient response combined than achieved individually. The focus of the current project is to integrate multiple EAP materials in a designed mechanical system to produce a closer representation of a biological muscle. The status of this RIT project; to design, fabricate, and test an integrated EAP-based artificial muscle will be discussed along with the conceptual thinking for design obtained to date.
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Khandelwal, Prashant, Anil Kalra, Binhui Jiang, Anand Hammad, Xin Jin, and King H. Yang. "Development and Validation of a Finite Element Lower Limb Model for Elderly Females." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72049.
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Physical surrogates and numerical models have been used to investigate the lower limb injury responses in blunt trauma related to occupant and pedestrian impacts during crash events. To date, automotive crash dummies used for studying the lower limb kinematics and injury responses in car crashes are designed to represent mid-age adults. But due to increase in fragility and frailty with age, the injury risk of the lower limb of elderly females is greater compared to younger adults. Thus, safety designs should expand for protecting elderly females in lower limb impacts. The current study focuses on developing a lower limb finite element model for elderly females with accurate anthropometry and anatomical details. The model was further validated against segmental and whole-body level experimental data of lower limb impact during pedestrian, frontal, and side impact loading. The validated model will be further integrated into the whole-body model to study injury mechanisms and safety designs for this vulnerable population of elderly females.
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Afsar, Md Rayhan, Michael Wadsworth, Tao Shen, He Zhang, Cang Ye, and Xiangrong Shen. "A Motorized Robotic Walker for Human Walking Assistance." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3501.
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Impaired mobility is ranked as one of the most important factors that have both physical and mental impacts on patients’ life [1]. The impacts are especially serious for the rapidly expanding elderly population in the United States, which is expected to reach 71 million, approximately 20% of the total population, by 2030 [2]. Existing assistive tools, such as cane and walker/rollator, are helpful for such mobility-challenged individuals by providing additional support in walking. However, such tools also disrupt the users’ walking rhythm and increase their metabolic energy consumption. Wheelchairs, especially powered wheelchairs, are also used extensively among this population. Although wheelchairs are effective in transporting patients, they largely preclude the users’ lower limb muscle activities and bone load-carrying, and accelerate the musculoskeletal degeneration of the user’s lower limb [3]. To address the issues with existing assistive tools, the authors developed a new motorized robotic walker for mobility-challenged users. With the objective of assisting the users’ ambulation in a safe and convenient way, the robotic walker features two independently controlled wheels for the maneuverability of the robot, and two parallel bars for the user support in walking. Unlike similar robotic walkers in prior works (e.g. [4]), no wearable sensors are required for the user. Instead, a 3D computer vision system is used to measure the relative position of the user versus the robot, and the control commands are generated accordingly. The details of the robot design and control are presented in subsequent section.
Reports on the topic "Limboo Population"
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Winters, Bradford D., Michael Rosen, Ritu Sharma, Allen Zhang, and Eric B. Bass. Failure To Rescue – Rapid Response Systems. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepc_mhs4rescue.
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Objectives. Rapid response systems address unexpected and unrecognized clinical deterioration on general hospital wards and aim to prevent cardiorespiratory arrests. These systems have an afferent limb (recognition and activation) and an efferent limb (response). Our main objectives were to determine the effectiveness of rapid response systems on patient safety and clinical outcomes and how rapid response systems can be implemented effectively. Methods. We searched PubMed and the Cochrane library for eligible systematic reviews and primary studies published from January 2018 through June 2023, supplemented by targeted gray literature searches. We included reviews and primary studies of rapid response systems reporting the incidence of cardiorespiratory arrest, hospital mortality, transition to higher level of care, serious adverse events related to clinical deterioration, or unintended consequences. Findings. We retrieved 867 citations, of which 23 articles were eligible for review (4 systematic reviews and 19 primary studies). Three categories of interventions were identified: implementation of a new system, modifications to the afferent limb, and modifications to the efferent limb. Based on systematic reviews and primary studies, rapid response systems may have a large impact in reducing in-hospital mortality (low strength of evidence for adult and pediatric populations) and an even greater impact in reducing the incidence of cardiorespiratory arrest on hospital general wards in adult populations (low strength of evidence), but the effect is unclear in pediatric populations (insufficient strength of evidence). Their impact on unanticipated intensive care unit (ICU) admission is unclear (insufficient strength of evidence for both populations). Modifications to the afferent and/or efferent limb were associated with a reduction in mortality and the incidence of cardiorespiratory arrest for adults (low strength of evidence) but the evidence was insufficient in pediatric populations. Serious adverse events (e.g., arrest soon after ICU arrival) were infrequently reported (insufficient strength of evidence for both adult and pediatric populations). One included systematic review of the unintended consequences of staffing models examined risks for ICU patients, but the strength of evidence was insufficient for both children and adults. Conclusions. Overall, rapid response systems may have a large beneficial effect on the outcomes of hospital mortality and the incidence of in-hospital cardiorespiratory arrest but the strength of the evidence is low due to methodological weaknesses of the studies. Innovations in afferent and efferent limb structures show promise for increased benefit.
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Lamberti, Gianfranco, Laura Pelizzari, Milena Fontana, Paola Gandolfi, and Gianluca Ciardi. Can a lower limb-centered movement training inhibit overactive bladder? Systematic review of literature. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0099.
Full textAbstract:
Review question / Objective: Is there a relationship between lower limb activation and inhibition of overactive bladder? Could a specific rehabilitation program be useful to better manage neurological bladder? Condition being studied: Asavoposon (2014), studying brain activations using the RM, states that there is a overlapping between pelvic floor motor areas and lower limb ones; previous studies involving brain imaging (Shafik 2009, 2003; Tai 2011) found that sensistive afferents from lower limb stimulation have an inhibitory effect on overactive bladder.Recently, Zillioux (2022) supports numerous optional therapies for overactive bladder management (defined third line therapies), stating that, despite their effectiveness in older populations, there is no data to support one option over another; so, there is a need to better study conservative treatments, in order to obtain the best evidence about their role to support neurological bladder treatment.
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Jalil, Yorschua, and Ruvistay Gutierrez. Myokines secretion and their role in critically ill patients. A scoping review protocol. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0048.
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Review question / Objective: 1-How and by which means stimulated muscle from critically ill patients can liberate myokines?, 2-Which are the main characteristics of the critically ill population studied and if some of these influenced myokine´s secretion?, 5-Can myokines exert local or distant effects in critically ill patients?, 5-Which are the potential effects of myokines in critically ill patients? Eligibility criteria: Participants and context: We will include primary studies (randomized or non-randomized trials, observational studies, case series or case report) that consider hospitalized critically ill adult patients (18 years or older) in risk for developing some degree of neuromuscular disorders such as ICU-AW, diaphragmatic dysfunction, or muscle weakness, therefore the specific setting will be critical care. Concept: This review will be focused on studies regarding the secretion or measure of myokines or similar (exerkines, cytokines or interleukin) by any mean of muscle activation or muscle contraction such as physical activity, exercise or NMES, among others. The latter strategies must be understood as any mean by which muscle, and there for myocytes, are stimulated as result of muscle contraction, regardless of the frequency, intensity, time of application and muscle to be stimulated (upper limb, lower limb, thoracic or abdominal muscles). We also will consider myokine´s effects, local or systemic, over different tissues in terms of their structure or function, such as myocytes function, skeletal muscle mass and strength, degree of muscle wasting or myopathies, among others.
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Qin, Zhuzhu, Xutong Zheng, Xiaoling Zou, Danfeng Chen, Simin Huang, Bichun Huang, and Chenju Zhan. Status Quo of Stigma and Correlated Psychological Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients in China: A Meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.4.0012.
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Review question / Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the level of stigma and the associated psychological factors among Chinese breast cancer patients. Condition being studied: According to the latest global cancer burden statistics provided by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization in 2020, breast cancer accounts for approximately 30% of the most common malignancies diagnosed in women worldwide.Breast cancer is a significant health concern for women in China. The estimated population diagnosed with breast cancer has been rising, with the estimated 2.5 million cases over the next decade. Despite the positive impact of advanced surgical treatment options, breast cancer patients often face additional challenges, such as breast deficiency, scarring, limb dysfunction, and altered body image. These physical changes can lead to psychological issues, such as a strong sense of shame and avoidance of reality, among breast cancer survivors. Therefore, it is important for medical professionals to consider not only the physical aspects of breast cancer treatment but also the psychological well-being of patients.
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Chen, Gengbin, Tuo Lin, Manfeng Wu, Guiyuan Cai, Qian Ding, Jiayue Xu, Wanqi Li, Cheng Wu, Hongying Chen, and Yue Lan. Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper-limb and finger function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0121.
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Review question / Objective: P:Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) diagnosed with stroke based on relevant clinical examination; I:Intervention group with rTMS alone or in combination with other treatments with rTMS; C:Control group received sham treatment or no rTMS; O: Upper extremity function:the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE); Hand function:box and block test(BBT), nine-hole peg test(NHPT), and Purdue pegboard test(PPT); S:Randomized controlled trials (rather than crossover designs). Condition being studied: In Europe, more than 1 million new cases of stroke are reported each year. The absolute number of stroke patients is expected to increase in the near future due to the progressive aging of the population. Approximately 50-80% of stroke survivors present with upper extremity dysfunction. Recovery of upper extremity function is associated with improvements in activities of daily living and mental health. However, few stroke survivors show full recovery of upper extremity function 6 months after stroke. In addition, rehabilitation has a limited impact on the recovery of hand motor function.
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network white pine monitoring: 2022 annual report. National Park Service, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301003.
Full textAbstract:
Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2022 field season, which was the ninth year of monitoring in SEKI and YOSE. The 2021 goal was to complete the first full measure of the third of three rotating panels (Panel 3) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. Partial measures of Panel 3 were completed in 2017 (11 plots) in Yosemite whitebark pine, in 2017 (9 plots) in SEKI whitebark pine, and in 2014 (7 plots) and 2017-2018 (8, 1 plots) in foxtail pine. In 2022, the first full measure of all Panel 3 plots (and 2nd or 3rd remeasure of most plots) was successfully completed, and installation was completed on four of these plots in SEKI whitebark pine and two in foxtail pine. In total, the crew visited 36 sites during the 2022 field season, all from Panel 3. Within the 36 completed Panel 1 plots, a total of 6,398 trees were measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, and female cone production were recorded. During the 2022 field season crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, all 12 Panel 3 whitebark pine plots were measured. A total of 2,720 trees were sampled, which included 977 live whitebark pine trees and 1,605 other live conifers. An additional 135 trees (including 26 whitebark) were recorded as dead. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 81 (SD = 94). White pine blister rust (WPBR) aecia were observed on five whitebark pine in one plot in YOSE in 2022, and no trees in any plot had inactive cankers showing three or more indicators of WPBR. WPBR had previously been documented in this plot, so the number of plots where rust has ever been observed in Yosemite remains unchanged at six. However, an infection documented in plot 42 in 2021 was not observed again when the plot was resampled in 2022, so it is possible this number should be five. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one live whitebark pine and three live and one dead lodgepole pine in YOSE in 2022. Despite documentation of many stands impacted by beetle attack in the field crew notes, the quantified rate of MPB attack was lower than in 2021. Twenty-one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 7 (SD = 10) cones/tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 80 (SD = 152) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was 51 and five of the twelve plots contained whitebark seedlings. All 12 Panel 3 SEKI whitebark pine plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on four of these, so this Panel is now fully installed. Within these plots, 2,179 live whitebark pine, 10 live foxtail pine, and 297 other live conifers were sampled (including 5 live western white pine). The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 181 (SD = 125). Although the crew observed white pine blister rust in seven SEKI whitebark Panel 3 plots, no active cankers (aecia) were observed, and no trees displayed 3 of 5 indicators, so no infections were quantified. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in 18 live and 23 dead whitebark pine and 1 live and one dead lodgepole pine within three plots in SEKI. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. Seven percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 3.7 (SD = 3.6) cones/tree. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 700 (SD = 752) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was 19, and two of the 12 plots did not contain any whitebark seedlings. In the foxtail pine Panel 3, all 12 plots were measured in 2022, and installation was completed on two of these, so installation of the panel is now complete. Within these plots we measured 309 live foxtail pine, 302 live whitebark pine, and 380 other live conifers, including four live western white pine. An additional 112 dead or recently dead trees and 22 unidentified snags were also measured, 19 of which were foxtail pine. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 26 (SD = 26). No signs of blister rust infection or mistletoe were observed on foxtail pine. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed on one dead foxtail pine, one live whitebark pine, and seven live and one dead lodgepole pines within four plots. Sixty-two percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones. Cone-bearing trees averaged 33 (SD = 53) cones/tree. Seven foxtail pine seedlings were recorded within five plots, resulting in an estimated 72 (SD = 98) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings and three lodgepole pine seedlings were also found within three additional plots.
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Ward, Kimiora. Sierra Nevada Network high elevation white pine monitoring: 2021 annual report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2302327.
Full textAbstract:
Five-needle white pines (Family Pinaceae, Genus Pinus, Subgenus Strobus), and in particular whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), limber pine (P. flexilis), and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana) are foundation species in upper subalpine and treeline forests of several National Park Service Pacific West Region parks, including Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The Sierra Nevada Network Inventory & Monitoring Program, in collaboration with the Klamath Network, Upper Columbia Basin Network, and Mojave Desert Network have implemented a joint long-term monitoring protocol to assess the current status and future trends in high elevation white pine communities. Key demographic parameters within white pine forest communities will be estimated by monitoring individual trees within permanent plots through time. This report documents the results of the 2021 field season, which was the eighth year of monitoring in Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks (SEKI) and Yosemite National Park (YOSE). The 2021 goal was to complete the third full re-measure of the second of three rotating panels (Panel 2) for each species-park population: YOSE-whitebark pine, SEKI-whitebark pine, and SEKI-foxtail pine. Each panel consists of 12 permanent 50 x 50 m (2,500 m2) plots that were randomly selected for each of the three populations. The full sampling array thus includes a total of 36 whitebark pine plots in YOSE, 36 whitebark pine plots in SEKI, and 36 foxtail pine plots in SEKI. Data from plot surveys will be used to characterize white pine forest community dynamics in SEKI and YOSE, including changes in tree species composition, forest structure, forest health, and demographics. The first full measure of all Panel 2 plots was completed over two years in 2013-2014, then a full remeasure of both parks? whitebark pine Panel 2 was conducted in 2016, with 10 of 12 SEKI-foxtail plots sampled that year. A third remeasure of all Panel 2 plots was not possible in 2021 because a smaller crew size was necessary during the COVID-19 pandemic. In total, the crew visited 37 sites, and sampled 31, during the 2021 field season. One plot in the YOSE whitebark pine frame was uninstalled before reading and one plot in the SEKI whitebark pine frame was uninstalled after reading, both for safety concerns. Four plots were not visited due to lack of capacity with the reduced crew size: one in each of the YOSE and SEKI whitebark frames, and three in the SEKI foxtail frame. A plot from Panel 3 in each of the parks? whitebark frames was measured, for a total of 11 plots measured in each whitebark pine frame. Nine plots were measured in the SEKI foxtail pine frame. Within the 31 plots completed, a total of 5,728 trees was measured. Species composition, forest structure, and factors affecting tree health and reproduction, including incidence and severity of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) infection, mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) infection, canopy kill, female cone production and regeneration were recorded. During the 2021 field season, crews continued to count the total number of mature cones per tree for whitebark and foxtail pine, use crown condition codes to assess crown health, and tag individual seedlings to be tracked through time. All three of these procedures started in 2017 and are to be evaluated by each of the three participating networks over several years, to determine whether they should become permanent changes to the monitoring protocol. In YOSE, 11 whitebark pine plots were re-measured, from Panels 2 and 3. A total of 2,810 trees were sampled, which included 586 live whitebark pine trees and 2,097 other live conifers. An additional 127 trees (including 17 whitebark pine) were recorded as dead. The forest crew noted little sign of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in Yosemite in 2021, and just a single inactive canker was observed on one whitebark pine in Panel 3, Plot 42, near Dana Meadows. This infection was new to plot 42, and it expands the total number of plots where white pine blister rust has been documented in Yosemite to six. The crew also noted little mountain pine beetle activity, documenting beetle galleries on 15 lodgepole pines in three Panel 2 plots. Dwarf mistletoe was not observed. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 53 (SD = 56). This was a low cone crop year for whitebark pine, with two percent of live whitebark pine trees producing female cones. Cone bearing trees averaged 2 (SD = 1) cones per tree. Whitebark pine seedling density averaged 90 (SD = 157) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark pine seedlings found in a plot was four, and three of the eleven plots contained whitebark seedlings. In SEKI, 10 of 12 Panel 2, and one Panel 3, whitebark pine plots were re-measured. Within these plots, 1,246 live whitebark pine, 30 live foxtail pine, and 861 other live conifers were sampled. WPBR was infrequently documented in the SEKI whitebark frame as well, with indicators of infection in Plot 31 near Window Creek and Plot 44 near Upper State Lake. These were the first infections documented in these plots, bringing the number of plots where WPBR has been documented in the SEKI whitebark panel to nine. Although WPBR was documented in Plot 27 near Charlotte Dome in 2016, it was not documented this year because putative cankers showing three signs of infection in 2016 showed only two or fewer signs in 2021. Mountain pine beetle activity was observed in one live lodgepole pine and two recently dead whitebark pine, within three plots in the SEKI whitebark sample frame. An exception to the low levels of mountain pine beetle activity was outside Plot 31 in the Window Creek area, where the forest crew noted many recently dead whitebark pine with signs of beetle activity. Dwarf mistletoe was not encountered. The average number of live whitebark pine trees per plot was 113 (SD = 86). Less than one percent of live whitebark pine trees produced female cones, each producing on average 2 (SD = 1) cones. Whitebark seedling regeneration averaged 303 (SD = 319) seedlings per hectare. The largest number of whitebark seedlings found in a plot was eight, and eight of the 11 plots contained whitebark seedlings. Nine of the 12 SEKI foxtail Panel 3 plots were remeasured. Within these plots, 413 live foxtail pine, 67 live whitebark pine, and 402 other live conifers were sampled. Ninety-two dead or recently dead trees were also documented, 65 of which were foxtail pine. No signs of blister rust infection, mistletoe, or mountain pine beetle were observed in the foxtail plots sampled. The average number of foxtail pine trees per plot was 46 (SD = 33). Fifty-four percent of the foxtail pine trees produced female cones, averaging 14 (SD =15) cones/tree. Only one foxtail pine seedling was recorded within the 9 foxtail pine plots, resulting in an estimated 14 (SD = 41) seedlings per hectare. Eight whitebark pine seedlings were also found within two plots.