Journal articles: 'Lilien'

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Ansari, Muhammad Rashid, Chiara Mussida, and Francesco Pastore. "Note on Lilien and Modified Lilien Index." Stata Journal: Promoting communications on statistics and Stata 14, no. 2 (June 2014): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1536867x1401400211.

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Kravtsov, Sergey R. "Art Collecting by the Galician Jewish Aristocracy: From Majer Jerachmiel von Mises to Artur Lilien-Brzozdowiecki." Ars Judaica: The Bar Ilan Journal of Jewish Art 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/aj.2020.16.4.

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This article discusses the construction of a Jewish aristocratic identity through art collecting and patronage, in parallel with other “aristocratic” activities and lifestyles. The focus is a particular Galican family ennobled by Franz Joseph I in 1881. The family’s ambitions and achievements are known from a memoir by Artur Lilien-Brzozdowiecki (1890, Lviv-1958, London), who was a great-great-grandson of the community head Rachmiel von Mises (1800-1891), a distant cousin of the artist Moses Ephraim Lilien (1874-1925), and a grandson of the banker Ignacy Lilien, who financed Moses Ephraim’s education. The article considers the self-construction of the family members as art connoisseurs and artists. These included the banker, industrialist, artist, and art collector Maurycy Nierenstein (1840-1917); painter Helene von Mises (1883-1942); architect Marya Lilien (1900-1998); and economist, lawyer, army officer, and collector Artur Lilien-Brzozdowiecki.

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Underhill, Karen. "Bruno Schulz, E.M. Lilien and the Archaeology of Polish Jewish Modernism." Ruch Literacki 57, no. 6 (December 1, 2016): 655–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ruch-2017-0093.

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Summary This paper discusses Bruno Schulz’s recently discovered 1937 essay on the Drohobycz-born graphic artist Ephraim Moses Lilien, best known for his iconic Zionist-themed black-and-white graphics in the Secessionist style. Schulz describes in his essay the seminal influence that the encounter with Lilien’s art had on him at the age of thirteen: “There took place in me at that time a kind of internal shift. Lilien effected a powerful fertilization of my internal world, that revealed itself in an early, youthful and clumsy creativity.” As the first known document in which Bruno Schulz openly presents his views on the contemporary political, cultural and spiritual concerns of his Jewish generation in Poland and Eastern Europe, the Lilien article enables a more direct reading of Schulz’s own aesthetic project as an inheritor of the ethos of the fin-de-siècle Jewish Renaissance Movement, and as a contribution to the development of Jewish literary modernisms in Central Europe. The disappearance of the Lilien article from readers′ consciousness for over three quarters of a century - since World War II - and its reemergence today not only represents an exciting next episode in the quest, initially undertaken by Jerzy Ficowski, to recover Schulz’s existing oeuvre. It also offers a fitting metaphor for a larger phenomenon taking place today within the fields of both Polish and Jewish studies, that I have called here the archaeology of Polish Jewish modernism. The discussion proposes an additional paradigm of “national indifference”, adapted from the work of historian Tara Zahra, as a tool for thinking Schulz’s texts as a simultaneously Jewish and Universal writing that resists attachment to political nationalisms, and to the project of nation-state building. More directly than he had done in the Sanatorium stories, Schulz reveals in the Lilien essay a strong commitment to the Jewish/Universal project of Cultural Zionism, inspired by Ahad Ha’am and promoted by prominent Jewish thinkers and spokespeople of the Lemberg/Lwów region, and a deep reticence about and finally rejection of political Zionism. Thus Schulz’s Lilien essay points to, and becomes an apologia for, his own decision to seek a continuation of the religious, mythic and messianic Jewish tradition not in the promise of return to Palestine, but through the medium of the living book, which he calls here “that creation born of the longing of golus”.

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4

Bar-Am, Orna, and Micha Bar-Am. "The illustrator E. M. Lilien as photographer." History of Photography 19, no. 3 (September 1995): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03087298.1995.10443555.

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Bixby, J. L., and R. Zhang. "Purified N-cadherin is a potent substrate for the rapid induction of neurite outgrowth." Journal of Cell Biology 110, no. 4 (April 1, 1990): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.110.4.1253.

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N-cadherin is the predominant mediator of calcium-dependent adhesion in the nervous system (Takeichi, M. 1988. Development (Camb.). 102: 639-655). Investigations using antibodies to block N-cadherin function (Bixby, J.L., R.L. Pratt, J. Lilien, and L.F. Reichardt. 1987. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:2555-2569; Bixby, J.L., J. Lilien, and L.F. Reichardt. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:353-362; Tomaselli, K.J., K.N. Neugebauer, J.L. Bixby, J. Lilien, and L.F. Reichardt. 1988. Neuron. 1:33-43) or transfection of the N-cadherin gene into heterologous cell lines (Matsunaga, M., K. Hatta, A. Nagafuchi, and M. Takeichi. 1988. Nature (Lond.). 334:62-64) have provided evidence that N-cadherin, alone or in combination with other molecules, can participate in the induction of neurite extension. We have developed an affinity purification procedure for the isolation of whole N-cadherin from chick brain and have used the isolated protein as a substrate for neurite outgrowth. N-cadherin promotes the rapid extension of neurites from chick ciliary ganglion neurons, which extend few or no neurites on adhesive but noninducing substrates such as polylysine, tissue culture plastic, and collagens. N-cadherin is extremely potent, more so than the L1 adhesion molecule, and comparable to the extracellular matrix protein laminin. Compared to laminin, however. N-cadherin promotes outgrowth from ciliary ganglion neurons extremely rapidly and with a distinct morphology. These results provide a direct demonstration that N-cadherin is sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth when substrate bound and suggest that the mechanism(s) involved may differ from that induced by laminin.

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Corall, Georg. "The Lilien Partbooks in the Sonsfeld Collection (D-HRD Fü 3741a): A Reconsideration of the Role of Eighteenth-Century Prussian Hautboisten and their Engagement in ‘Art’ Music." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 49 (2018): 68–178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.2018.1443618.

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In assuming that the violin family of instruments is the staple of Western instrumental art music, Hautboisten, among the most important musicians of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, constitute a neglected area of research. Hautboisten are known to have been among the major suppliers of musical entertainment in the German-speaking lands in the first half of the eighteenth century. The term Hautboistenbande has often been translated by contemporary scholars as ‘oboe band’. Indeed, these ensembles developed into wind bands known as Harmoniemusik; Hautboisten, however, were originally routinely trained to perform on multiple wind instruments as well as string instruments.The Lilien Partbooks, which are part of the Sonsfeld Collection (the Sonsfeldsche Musikalien Sammlung; now held in the Bibliotheca Fürstenbergiana in Herdringen; D-HRD Fü 3741a), represent the most comprehensive primary source of music for such an ensemble. A detailed incipit catalogue of the compositions compiled in these partbooks draws together our current knowledge of the Lilien Partbooks and of eighteenth-century Prussian Hautboisten. The extensive catalogue of the works collated in the six partbooks constitutes a valuable aid for future research.

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GROENEWOLD, NICOLAAS, A. J. HAGGER, and A. J. HAGGER. "A ‘Lilien’ Natural Rate Series for Australia: A Reply." Economic Record 75, no. 2 (June 1999): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4932.1999.tb02447.x.

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8

Kannan, P. K. "2013–2014 Gary L. Lilien ISMS-MSI Practice Prize Competition." Marketing Science 34, no. 6 (November 2015): 787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0960.

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9

Lionel Gossman. "Jugendstil in Firestone: The Jewish Illustrator E. M. Lilien (1874–1925)." Princeton University Library Chronicle 66, no. 1 (2004): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.25290/prinunivlibrchro.66.1.0011.

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10

Roberts, John H. "Practice Prize Report: The 2016 ISMS Gary Lilien Practice Prize Competition." Marketing Science 37, no. 5 (September 2018): 685–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2018.1130.

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Roberts, John H. "Practice Prize Report: The 2018 ISMS Gary Lilien Practice Prize Competition." Marketing Science 39, no. 2 (March 2020): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2019.1210.

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12

Winer, Russell S. "2011–2012 Gary L. Lilien ISMS-MSI Practice Prize Competition—Special Section Introduction." Marketing Science 32, no. 2 (March 2013): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.1120.0767.

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Thair, Rizwan. "Estimating the Quantitative Importance of Various Sources of Macroeconomic Variability." Pakistan Development Review 33, no. 4II (December 1, 1994): 1073–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v33i4iipp.1073-1087.

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Providing a reasonable explanation for the business cycle has been the research agenda for many economists since the early 20th century, from Mitchell (1913), Pigou (1927) and Adelman and Adelman (1959) to Lucas (1972), Black (1982) and King and Plosser (1984). For a review, see Zarnowitz (1985). Most attempts to explain the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations' attribute the variability in output and prices to only a few sources, sometimes to\mJ.y one. Kydland and Prescott (1982) and others proposed technology shocks as the main source of aggregate variability; Barro (1977) pointed to unanticipated changes in money stock; Lilien (1982) argued for 'unusual structural shifts' such as changes in the demand for goods relative to services, and Hamilton (1983) concluded in favour of oil price shocks.

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14

Mills, Terence C., Gianluigi Pelloni, and Athina Zervoyianni. "Cyclical unemployment and sectoral shifts: Further tests of the Lilien hypothesis for the UK." Economics Letters 52, no. 1 (July 1996): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(96)00832-4.

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15

Kong, Ying, Ming Sun, Hui-tang Pan, and Qi-xiang Zhang. "Composition and Emission Rhythm of Floral Scent Volatiles from Eight Lily Cut Flowers." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 137, no. 6 (November 2012): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.137.6.376.

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Floral scents emitted from eight cultivars of cut lily flowers (Lilium) were analyzed. Floral volatiles were collected by headspace adsorption on sorbent tubes and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) using a direct thermal desorption. Fifty volatile compounds were identified. Nine compounds were detected in all lilies, whereas 20 compounds were detected in all scented lilies. The results revealed that non-scented lilies emitted trace amounts of volatile compounds, whereas scented lilies emitted high levels of volatile compounds. Monoterpenoids and benzenoids were the dominant compound classes of volatiles emitted from scented lilies. Myrcene, (E)-β-ocimene, linalool, methyl benzoate, and ethyl benzoate were the major compounds of the aroma of scented lilies; 1,8-cineole was also a major compound in the two scented oriental × trumpet hybrid lilies. Scent emissions occurred in a circadian rhythm with higher levels of volatiles emitted during the night. Lilium ‘Siberia’ was selected as a model to investigate the source of the emissions. GC/MS analysis of four flower parts and neutral red staining revealed that tepals were the source of floral scent.

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Zulkhibri, Muhamed, Ismaeel Naiya, and Reza Ghazal. "Structural change and economic growth in selected emerging economies." International Journal of Development Issues 14, no. 2 (July 6, 2015): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdi-09-2014-0064.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the relationship between structural change and economic growth for a panel of four developing countries, namely, Malaysia, Nigeria, Turkey and Indonesia over 1960-2010. Design/methodology/approach – The study extent the growth equation by incorporating degree of openness, labour and investment and construct structural change indices – modified Lilien index and the norm of absolute values. It utilizes the recently developed panel cointegration techniques to test and estimate the long-run equilibrium of the growth equation. Findings – The results confirm that structural change and economic growth are cointegrated at the panel level, indicating the presence of long-run equilibrium relationship. However, the impact of structural change on economic growth seems to be small and evolve slowly. Originality/value – The findings indicate the need for policymakers to identify the binding constraints that impede growth and the importance of institutionalize policy to encourage investment in productive sectors.

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Neagu, Olimpia, and Madalin-Ioan Neagu. "Regional Specialisation and Economic Concentration in Romania." Studia Universitatis „Vasile Goldis” Arad – Economics Series 26, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sues-2016-0011.

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AbstractThe purpose of the paper is to give an overview of the changes in the structure of industries in Romania, specifically on the questions (1) whether the industrial structures become more similar or more different in the Romanian regions and (2) whether the Romanian industries become more concentrated or more dispersed. EUROSTAT regional data on Gross Value Added and employed population for the period of 2000-2013 are used in order to calculate several statistical indices of specialization and concentration (Krugman, Entropy, Hirschman-Herfindahl, Lilien Index and Gini coefficient). By comparing the values of these different measurements, the main finding is that Romanian regions become less specialized, while industries become slightly more concentrated. The speed of structural changes in all Romanian regions registered a noticeable slowdown of the speed of sectoral changes after the economic crisis. Our conclusions provide useful information for the economic policy makers in investment funds allocation or employment measures designing.

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Balsamo, J., R. Thiboldeaux, N. Swaminathan, and J. Lilien. "Antibodies to the retina N-acetylgalactosaminylphosphotransferase modulate N-cadherin-mediated adhesion and uncouple the N-cadherin transferase complex from the actin-containing cytoskeleton." Journal of Cell Biology 113, no. 2 (April 15, 1991): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.113.2.429.

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Embryonic chick neural retina cells have at their surface an N-Acetylgalactosaminylphosphotransferase (GalNAcPTase) which is associated with, and glycosylates, the calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion molecule, N-cadherin (Balsamo, J., and J. Lilien. 1990. J. Biol. Chem. 265:2923-2928). In this manuscript, we demonstrate that antibodies directed against the GalNAcPTase, as well as anti-N-cadherin antibodies, are able to inhibit adhesion of chick neural retina cells to a cell monolayer, to immobilized N-cadherin, or to immobilized anti-N-cadherin antibody. These results indicate that anti-GalNAcPTase antibodies modulate the function of N-cadherin, interfering with the formation of N-cadherin-mediated adhesions. We also demonstrate that actin is associated with the N-cadherin/GalNAcPTase complex and that binding of anti-GalNAcPTase antibodies to intact cells results in dissociation of actin from the complex. We suggest that the GalNAcPTase modulates N-cadherin function by altering its interaction with the cytoskeleton.

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Riaz, Umar, Babar Hussain, and Arshad Ali Bhatti. "Role of Structural Change in Economic Growth: An Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Asian Countries." Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/4.2.27.

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Economic growth, although being a major quest of all the economies, is not an automatic phenomenon. Among its determinants, structural change in the form of reallocation of labour from low to high productivity sectors is of crucial importance. In view of the remarkable growth performance and unprecedented structural change of Asia in the last couple of decades, this paper empirically investigated the case of 20 selected Asian countries. By employing the data spanning from 1991 to 2018, the study shows three main results. First, by employing Shift Share Analysis framework, it reaffirms the findings of previous literature that structural change contributes to the aggregate productivity growth. Second, by utilizing Generalized Methods of Moments technique, the results find it to be an important booster of growth. Third, the results are reliable and consistent with alternative measures of structural change like Norm of Absolute Values and Modified Lilien Index. Taken together, these findings suggest that the governments in Asia (other regions like Africa and Latin America may alike) must chalk out policies for structural change promotion.

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Karen Underhill. "Bruno Schulz's Galician Diasporism: On the 1937 Essay “E. M. Lilien” and Rokhl Korn's Review of Cinnamon Shops." Jewish Social Studies 24, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jewisocistud.24.1.01.

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Karalija, Erna, Adisa Parić, and Edina Muratović. "Biochemical status of in vitro regenerated Lilium bosniacum and Lilium cattaniae plantlets." Open Life Sciences 8, no. 9 (September 1, 2013): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0213-x.

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AbstractLilium cattaniae (Vis.) Vis. and Lilium bosniacum (G. Beck) Beck ex Fritsch, endemic species of Balkan Dinaric Alps, were micropropagated from seeds collected from their natural habitats. The relationship between peroxidase activity, photosynthetic status and differentiation of Lilium cattaniae and L. bosniacum in vitro was investigated. Peroxidase activity recorded for somatic embryos of Lilium cattaniae obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 9.05 mM 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2.4-D) and 4.44 mM N6-bezyladenin (BA), was about two times higher than for any other treatment. Photosynthetic status of plantlets obtained through regeneration was explant-specific and generally higher for plantlets regenerated from basal leaf explants than from bulb explants. The accumulation of anthocyanin was detected in some regenerated shoots and more often in plantlets obtained through regeneration from bulb explants. High frequency of somatic embryo formation was recorded for L. cattaniae on MS medium containing 9.05 mM 2.4-D and 4.44 mM BA. The peroxidase activity for L. bosniacum plantlets obtained through regeneration showed treatment-specific elevations. We consider that basal leaf parts are suitable for successful regeneration of these two lilies and that elevation in peroxidase activity is a good indicator of somatic embryogenesis in both lilies.

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Zhou, Shujun, Guixue Zhou, and Kehu Li. "Euploid Endosperm of Triploid × Diploid/tetraploid Crosses Results in Aneuploid Embryo Survival in Lilium." HortScience 46, no. 4 (April 2011): 558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.46.4.558.

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The main objective of the present study was to identify chromosome number variation in the progenies from triploid × diploid/tetraploid (3x × 2x/4x) crosses in Lilium to analyze the survival of aneuploid embryos from 3x × 2x/4x crosses and the potential significance of triploid for lily breeding. Two male-sterile autotriploid Asiatic lily cultivars were crossed with four diploid and/or two autotetraploid Asiatic cultivars. The results showed that the fruits of all triploid × diploid/tetraploid (3x × 2x/4x) crosses fully developed, and seedlings were obtained from the 3x × 2x/4x crosses, indicating that male-sterile autotriploid lilies can be used as female parents. Chromosome preparation showed that the progenies of the 3x × 2x/4x are predominantly aneuploid. Based on megasporogenesis, we deduce that the endosperm of 3x × 2x is 7x and that of 3x × 4x is 8x in Lilium and conclude that the aneuploid embryo survival of 3x × 2x/4x in Lilium is the result of the euploid endosperm. Lily is usually propagated by scaling or tissue culture; therefore, aneuploids obtained from triploid × diploid/tetraploid lilies would be a good source for cultivar breeding.

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Bearce, Bradford C., and Lenka Smuta. "PERFORMANCE OF `NELLIE WHITE' EASTER LILIES IN ROOT MEDIA CONTAINING COAL BOTTOM ASH." HortScience 30, no. 2 (April 1995): 189d—189. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.2.189d.

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Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb. `Nellie White') were forced in root media composed of 1 peat: 1 vermiculite (v/v) mixed with coal bottom ash (CBA) at rates of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, or 100% CBA. Lilies in all levels of CBA were equal in mean per plant flower bud numbers, fresh and dry weights, and numbers of yellow or brown lower stem leaves. Lilies in 100% CBA were significantly lower in mean stem length than plants in 0% or 50% CBA. Plants in 100% CBA required more frequent irrigation than plants in all other media. Media pH and solution electrical conductivity increased with increase in percent CBA. Analysis of leaf tissue showed no difference in nutrient levels between plants in 0% or 100% CBA.

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Gibbs, Janis M., and Karla Reinhart. "Jene Lilien von Valois: Eine Spanische Konigin in der Geschichte des 16. Jahrhunderts, in Schillers Don Karlos und Verdis Don Carlos." Sixteenth Century Journal 31, no. 3 (2000): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2671124.

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Chadijah, Siti, Dahyunir Dahlan, and Harmadi Harmadi. "Pembuatan Counter Electrode Karbon Untuk Aplikasi Elektroda Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC)." JURNAL ILMU FISIKA | UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS 8, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/jif.8.2.78-86.2016.

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Telah dilakukan pembuatan counter electrode karbon di atas substrat Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) untuk aplikasi DSSC. Counter electrode karbon dibuat dari; goresan pensil 7B, jelaga api lilin, serta kombinasi goresan pensil dangan jelaga api lilin. Komposisi bahan dasar terdiri dari serbuk karbon dari pensil, cetyl trymetil ammonium bromide (CTAB) dan TiO2. Hasil karakterisasi mikroskop optik memperlihatkan sumber karbon yang berasal dari jelaga api lilin menghasilkan morfologi permukaan sangat halus dan homogen serta terdistribusi merata pada substrat ITO. Sementara dari foto mikroskop electron (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM) sampel tersebut memperlihatkan adanya pori-pori. Dari pengukuran karakteristik I-V dihitung efisiensi sel surya yang menggunakan elektroda karbon tersebut. Efisiensi counter electrode yang diperoleh dari goresan pensil adalah 0,064 %, jelaga api lilin adalah 0,163%, goresan pensil dan jelaga api lilina dalah 0,088%, jelaga api lilin baru digores pensil 0,008%, campuran serbuk karbon dengan 3 mL air serta 0,1 gram CTAB serta 0,1 gram TiO2 0,065%. Kata Kunci: Karbon, ITO, Counter electrode, DSSC, Efisiensi

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D'Angelo, Giovanni, Piero Frangi, and Pierluigi Verga. "Is the DIF Technique Suitable for the Italian Climate." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 860F—860. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.860f.

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In Northern Italy, two trials have been performed on Lilium and poinsettia cultivars to control plant height by day–night temperature regimes. Two identical glasshouse compartments have been used for the experiments: one maintained at standard conditions (the same minimum and ventilation temperatures during day and night), the other with minimum day temperature lower than night. Cultivations of lilies and poinsettias started in Winter and Summer 1993, respectively, with different climate conditions (cold in winter and hot in summer). Results on Lilium indicated that a good control of greenhouse temperature can be achieved in Italy's winter climate, even on sunny days; the best height reduction (30%) was obtained on Lilium longiflorum cv. `White American', compared to other Lilium species. Test on poinsettia have been based mainly on controlling ventilation of the glasshouse to raise temperature in the first part of the night and to lower it during the first daytime hours.

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Haider, Azad. "Can Sectoral Re-allocation Explain the Jobless Growth? Empirical Evidence from Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 49, no. 4II (December 1, 2010): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v49i4iipp.705-718.

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The present paper discuss the nature of structural changes in employment to understand jobless growth in Pakistan for the period spanning over 1967-2008. In our work (elsewhere)1 analysing Pakistan at sectoral level to find underlying factors generating jobless growth, we found that Jobless growth in manufacturing sector was anticipated. Industrial sector has a significant importance in any economy across the glob. Recent changes in the use of capital—based foreign technology has resulted in substitution of labour with non-labour inputs such as capital. Employment shifts between industrial sectors are often witnessed as indicators of Structural change in an economy. In this paper we are more interested in the nature of structural change that took place in Pakistan economy over 1967-2008. We set to analyse four commonly used measures of sectoral reallocation proposed by Lilien (1982), Groshen and Potter (2003), Rissman (1997), and Aaronson, Rissman and Sullivan (2004). Findings of our work are suggesting that the economy of Pakistan underwent structural change during periods of recession and recovery. However, it does appear that structural changes were more pronounced at the time of 1969 recession than that of 1991 recession. A plausible explanation for this result might be significant shifts in employment from agriculture towards services sectors. We conclude, based on the evidence from our study, that sectoral reallocation is one of the major causes of jobless growth in Pakistan.

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Ranwala, Anil P., Garry Legnani, Mary Reitmeier, Barbara B. Stewart, and William B. Miller. "Efficacy of Plant Growth Retardants as Preplant Bulb Dips for Height Control in LA and Oriental Hybrid Lilies." HortTechnology 12, no. 3 (January 2002): 426–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.12.3.426.

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We evaluated preplant bulb dips in three commercial plant growth retardants [ancymidol (A-Rest), paclobutrazol (Bonzi), and uniconazole (Sumagic)] for height control in seven oriental hybrid lily (Lilium) cultivars (Aubade, Berlin, Casa Blanca, Muscadet, Sissi, Star Gazer, and Tom Pouce), and seven LA-hybrid lily [hybrids resulting from crosses between easter lily (Lilium longiflorum) and Asiatic hybrids] cultivars (Aladdin's Dazzle, Best Seller, Cebeco Dazzle, Royal Dream, Royal Parade, Royal Perfume, and Salmon Classic) grown in containers. A 1-min dip into a range of concentrations of each product was used to determine the optimum concentrations for height control. The results indicate that bulb dips, especially with uniconazole and paclobutrazol, can be a highly effective means of height control in hybrid lilies. Cultivars varied in their response to growth retardant treatments. In general, LA-hybrid lilies were much more responsive to the growth retardant treatments than oriental hybrids and required lower rates for comparable height control. Delays in flowering, increased bud abortion and leaf yellowing were observed only with high concentrations of uniconazole or paclobutrazol where the height reduction was also too excessive for a commercially acceptable crop.

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Chung, Mi Yoon, Jordi López-Pujol, and Myong Gi Chung. "Comparative biogeography of the congener lilies Lilium distichum and Lilium tsingtauense in Korea." Flora - Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants 209, no. 8 (August 2014): 435–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2014.04.005.

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Slater, Margaret R., and Sharon Gwaltney-Brant. "Exposure Circumstances and Outcomes of 48 Households with 57 Cats Exposed to Toxic Lily Species." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 47, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 386–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5629.

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Ingestion of Lilium or Hemerocallis spp. by cats can result in renal failure. The objectives of this study were to determine the foreknowledge of lily toxicity of owners of cats that were exposed to lilies and to obtain historical, clinical and outcome information on the exposures. A survey was done of cat owners reporting indoor exposures to lilies to the Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) during April 2009. Forty eight individuals, (57 cats) were included. Sixty nine percent of cat owners said they could recognize a lily and 27% knew that lilies were toxic prior to their cats’ exposures. Most lilies were obtained from grocery or other stores, and were purchased by the owners or as gifts to the cat owners. Owners who were unaware of lily toxicity frequently left the flowers where the cats had access to them, whereas in households where the toxicity was known the cats actively sought out the flowers. Of the cats in this study 93% received prompt veterinary care, and 87% either developed no signs or had brief signs that resolved. Five percent had evidence of renal insufficiency at final follow-up and another 5 percent of cats were euthanized due to renal failure.

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Jiao, J., X. Wang, and M. J. Tsujita. "Comparative Effects of Uniconazole Drench and Spray on Shoot Elongation of Hybrid Lilies." HortScience 25, no. 10 (October 1990): 1244–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.10.1244.

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Uniconazole was applied as a drench or spray to six hybrid lily (Liliurn sp.) cultivars. Spray application was generally more effective than drench in reducing shoot elongation rate in the first few weeks, and then the efficacy decreased and was less effective than the drench at later stages of plant development. At flowering, a uniconazole drench at 0.1 mg/pot was ineffective for height reduction in `Bravo', `Juliana', and `Sunray' lilies. At higher rates, uniconazole drench was similar to spray in reducing shoot growth in `Bravo' and 306-1 but less effective than spray in `Juliana', `Star Gazer', and `Sunray' lilies. Uniconazole spray reduced plant height at flowering in all the lilies compared to control plants. Days to flower was not affected in `Bravo', `Juliana', and `Sunray' but was increased in `Star Gazer', 306-1, and 306-2 by uniconazole spray treatments. Flowering duration was decreased only in 306-1 by uniconazole spray at 0.2 mg/pot. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyl) -4,4 -dimethyl-2-(l,2,4 -triazol-1-yl)-1-penten-3 -ol (uniconazole).

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Zhou, Shujun, Lei Zhong, Lu Zhang, Zhenghua Xu, Xuxin Liu, Kehu Li, and Guixue Zhou. "Study on the homology of the genomes of tetraploid Asiatic lilies (Lilium) using FISH." Genome 58, no. 11 (November 2015): 453–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0057.

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Asiatic lily cultivars, bred by hybridization and (or) chromosome doubling of species of section Sinomartagon of Lilium, are diploid, triploid, or tetraploid, but the homology of the genomes among species of section Sinomartagon and Asiatic lilies remains unclear. In the present research, two tetraploid Asiatic cultivars were analyzed, using 45S rDNA as probe, for their FISH karyotypes and their chromosomal association, anaphase I, telophase II, and pollen viability were surveyed to assess the multivalent segregation. Chromosomal assortment of six progenies of the two tetraploid cultivars were also investigated. The results showed that the tetraploid cultivars had similar FISH karyotypes, they predominantly formed multivalents, and these were equally separated because their anaphase I, telophase II, and pollen viability were similar to those of diploid species. Apart from minor variations, FISH karyotypes of progenies were similar to each other and to their parents. Based on these results and considering the high crossability among species of section Sinomartagon and (or) Asiatic lilies, we concluded that species of section Sinomartagon and their resulting cultivars share a common genome; thus, polyploidy Asiatic lilies are autopolyploid.

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LeSage, Laurent, and Brent Elliott. "Major range extension of the lily leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a pest of wild and cultivated Liliaceae." Canadian Entomologist 135, no. 4 (August 2003): 587–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n02-062.

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The lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii (Scopoli) (Fig. 1), was first noticed in Portage la Prairie (49°58′N, 98°20′W), about 90 km west of Winnipeg, in June and July 1999. The beetles were present on Asiatic lily varieties only, especially tiger lilies (Lilium tigrinum Ker-Gawl (Liliaceae)). Larvae and adults were observed at two locations in the northeastern section of the town. The plants that were attacked were completely defoliated.

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McAvoy, Richard J., and Paige Kishbaugh-Schmidt. "EASTER LILY RESPONSE TO PREPLANT-INCORPORATED ANCYMIDOL IN A BARK-BASED MEDIUM." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 633b—633. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.633b.

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Easter lilies, Lilium longiflorum Thumb. cv Nellie White, were grown in a commercial pine bark-based medium (25% by vol.), amended with 0.5 g Acrylamide Acrylate Gel (AAG) per 1.6 liter pot. Lilies were grown in media drenched with ancymidol, at 0, 0.25, 0.375 or 0.5mg a.i.pot-1 following shoot emergence, or grown in media containing ancymidol impregnated AAG at 0, 0.25, 0.375 or 0.5mg a.i.pot-1. AAG applied ancymidol treatments resulted in a significant linear decrease in both lily stem and internode length as the rate of ancymidol increased. Drench applied ancymidol had no affect on stem or internode length. Stem and internode lengths of drench treated lilies were not significantly shorter than lilies not exposed to ancymidol. Bud length, leaf and bud number, and days to anthesis were not affected (P≤0.05) by any treatment. Ancymidol activity in the top, middle and bottom strata of medium filled containers, and in the leachate from these containers, was measured using a lettuce hypocotyl length bioassay. Ancymidol activity was uniformly distributed throughout the bark medium when applied in AAG. With this treatment, 10-15% of the ancymidol activity was detected in the leachate. When ancymidol was applied as a drench, over 95% of the activity was detected in the top two strata, with 70% in the upper most stratum and the rest in the leachate.

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Lakshman, Dilip, Paulo Vieira, Ruchi Pandey, Janet Slovin, and Kathryn Kamo. "Symptom Development in Response to Combined Infection of In Vitro-grown Lilium longiflorum with Pratylenchus penetrans and Soilborne Fungi Collected from Diseased Roots of Field-grown Lilies." Plant Disease 101, no. 6 (June 2017): 882–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-16-1336-re.

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Eight fungal isolates (ELRF 1 to 8) were recovered from necrotic roots of Easter lilies, Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White, grown in a field in the U.S. Pacific Northwest. The eight fungal isolates were identified by sequencing and molecular phylogenetic analyses based on their ITS rDNA region. Five isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, two as F. tricinctum, and one as Rhizoctonia sp. AG-I. This constitutes the first report of Rhizoctonia sp. AG-I infecting lilies worldwide and the first report of F. tricinctum infecting lilies in the United States. To study and validate their pathogenicity, pure cultures of each isolate were used to infect the roots of Easter lily plants growing in vitro. In addition, Easter lily plants growing in vitro were infected either with or without Pratylenchus penetrans, the root lesion nematode, prior to placing a culture plug of fungus 1 cm from a lily root. Pratylenchus penetrans is a nematode species commonly found in the sampled fields. The presence of both nematode and Rhizoctonia sp. AG-I isolate ELRF 3 in infected lilies was evaluated by molecular analyses, confirming the infection of roots 3 days after inoculation, prior to development of disease symptoms. Necrosis and root rot developed more rapidly with all eight fungal isolates when there had been prior infection with P. penetrans, the major nematode parasitizing Easter lily roots in the field in Oregon.

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Dhiman, Mast Ram, Siddharth Moudgil, Chander Parkash, Raj Kumar, Sandeep Kumar, S. S. Sindhu, and Arun Agarwal. "Analysis of nuclear DNA content and ploidy levels in 3x × 4x Lilium (Lilium × elegans L.) progenies by flow cytometry." Israel Journal of Plant Sciences 66, no. 3-4 (August 27, 2019): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22238980-00001054.

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Interploidy crosses between Lilium lancifolium (3x) and Asiatic lily cultivar ‘Brunello’ (4x) were attempted for creating genetic variability and to analyse the progenies for different ploidy levels. Experimental results revealed that most of the crosses attempted were developed into fruits, confirming that male-sterile triploid lilies can be used as the female parent for crossing with a suitable male parent. Wide variation in chromosome numbers (28 to 38) was obtained in different plant progenies, indicating that aneuploidy is generated by 3x × 4x crosses. The nuclear DNA content analysis of 13 plant progenies showed that the 2C nuclear DNA content has increased (range = 32.60 pg to 41.32 pg) as compared to Lilium lancifolium, while it was found lower than the cultivar ‘Brunello. Further, morphological characterization of different plant progenies revealed significant differences among themselves, which confirmed the dependence of these traits on cultivars ploidy level. Therefore, present findings will be instrumental for development of new Lilium cultivars with high aesthetic value and utility.

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van der Meulen-Muisers, José J. M., and Joop C. van Oeveren. "Influence of Bulb Stock Origin, Inflorescence Harvest Stage and Postharvest Evaluation Conditions on Cut Flower Longevity of Asiatic Hybrid Lilies." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 122, no. 3 (May 1997): 368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.122.3.368.

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To improve the ability to discriminate between Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium L.) with regard to cut flower longevity in breeding trials, sources creating nongenetic variation during the preharvest, harvest, or postharvest phases were identified. The bulb stock origin (grower) and evaluation temperature caused only small nongenetic variation in individual flower longevity. In contrast, the developmental stage of floral buds, when cut, produced significant nongenetic variation in flower longevity. This variation could be reduced by delaying harvest. An evaluation temperature of 17 °C was optimal to discriminate between longevity levels compared to 14 and 20 °C. Flower deformation due to withering of the petals was an improved criterion for the termination of flower longevity and was preferred instead of loss of turgor of the petals. Standard conditions for screening and selecting Asiatic hybrid lilies for individual flower longevity after cutting are proposed.

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Compton, James. "TWO ENDEMIC AND CRITICALLY ENDANGERED RYUKYU ISLAND LILIES LILIUM NOBILISSIMUM AND LILIUM UKEYURI (LILIACEAE)." Curtis's Botanical Magazine 38, no. 2 (May 30, 2021): 240–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/curt.12385.

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Luo, Jing, Ruirui Li, Xintong Xu, Hairui Niu, Yujie Zhang, and Caiyun Wang. "SMRT and Illumina RNA Sequencing and Characterization of a Key NAC Gene LoNAC29 during the Flower Senescence in Lilium oriental ‘Siberia’." Genes 12, no. 6 (June 6, 2021): 869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060869.

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Lily (Lilium spp.) is an important cut flower around the world. Flower senescence in lilies is characterized by the wilting and abscission of tepals, which results in a decrease in flower quality and huge economic loss. However, the mechanism underlying flower senescence in lilies is largely unknown. In this study, single-molecule, real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing were carried out in L. oriental ‘Siberia’. Sequencing yielded 73,218 non-redundant transcripts, with an N50 of 3792 bp. These data were further integrated with three published transcriptomes through cogent analysis, which yielded 62,960 transcripts, with an increase in N50 of 3935 bp. Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that 319 transcription factors were highly upregulated during flower senescence. The expression of twelve NAC genes and eleven senescence-associated genes (SAGs) showed that LoNAC29 and LoSAG39 were highly expressed in senescent flowers. Transient overexpression of LoNAC29 and LoSAG39 in tepals of lily notably accelerated flower senescence, and the promoter activity of LoSAG39 was strongly induced by LoNAC29. This work supported new evidence for the molecular mechanism of flower senescence and provided better sequence data for further study in lilies.

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Lilien, O. Michael. "Re: 25-Year Experience with Replacement of the Human Bladder (Camey Procedure), by O. M. Lilien and M. Camey, J. Urol., 132: 886–891, 1984." Journal of Urology 136, no. 4 (October 1986): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(17)45131-7.

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Natho, G. "HENNIG, G.; NEUMANN, H., Freude an Lilien. 168 S., 69 Farbfotos, 55 Zeichn., Neumann-Verlag, Radebeul, 1991, ISBN 3-7402-0097-9. Preis: DM 40,–." Feddes Repertorium 103, no. 7-8 (November 1992): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.4921030717.

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Natho, G. "HENNIG, G.; NEUMANN, H., Freude an Lilien. 168 S., 69 Farbfotos, 55 Zeichn., Neumann-Verlag, Radebeul, 1991, ISBN 3-7402-0097-9. Preis: DM 40,-." Feddes Repertorium 103, no. 7-8 (April 18, 2008): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fedr.19921030717.

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Scheck, H. J., D. G. Fogle, and T. E. Tidwell. "First Report of Botryotinia Blight of Asiatic Hybrid Lily Caused by Botryotinia sphaerosperma in North America." Plant Disease 87, no. 11 (November 2003): 1396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.11.1396c.

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In November 2002, a disease was observed on eight cultivars of Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium sp.) in two fields in Carpinteria, CA. The same disease was observed on greenhouse grown Asiatic hybrid lilies in Nipomo, CA in an adjacent county. ‘Monte Negro’ was the most severely affected. Symptoms consisted of necrotic leaf tips as well as 5- to 10-mm ellipsoidal necrotic spots on stems and the abaxial and adaxial leaf surfaces. Lesions were initially dark brown and water soaked, becoming lighter as they dried. Although leaf spot symptoms usually began at the leaf tip, eventually the entire leaf would become blighted. Disease symptoms were not observed on Oriental hybrid lilies in the same nurseries. A Botrytis sp. was consistently associated with the disease symptoms. In pure culture, the fungus matched the description of Botryotinia sphaerosperma (Gregory) Buchw. (anamorph Botrytis sphaerosperma (Gregory) Buchw.) (1). The fungus is distinguished by its large, spherical conidia that average 23 to 25 μm in diameter at maturity. The conidia are born in compact heads on unbranched conidiophores. Conidia and conidiophores are hyaline when young. At maturity, the conidia turn dark brown, whereas the conidiophores turn blackish brown. The fungus formed abundant sclerotia on potato dextrose agar when incubated at room temperature with 12 h per day of fluorescent lighting. The sclerotia were black, ovate to sphaeroidal, had a rough surface, and were 1.5 to 2.5 × 1 to 2.5 mm. Apothecia were not observed. Pathogenicity was tested on 12 Asiatic hybrid and 12 Oriental hybrid lilies. Inoculum consisting of mycelial fragments and conidia (1 × 105 conidia per ml) was produced on lily leaf agar (500 ml of H2O, 7.5 g of agar, and 25 g of healthy, macerated lily leaves). Plants were inoculated by rubbing leaves and stems with the spore and mycelial fragment suspension using cotton swabs. Plants were maintained in a greenhouse at 25°C. After 7 days, characteristic lesions were observed on the leaves and stems of Asiatic hybrid and Oriental hybrid lilies, from which the same Botrytis sp. was consistently isolated. Three control plants each of Asiatic hybrid and Oriental hybrid lilies treated with water as a check, remained symptomless. Although studies to determine potential fungicides for controlling this pathogen have not yet been undertaken, good sanitation, a lily-free period, and steam sterilization of beds should be considered in the management of this disease. In Europe, this fungus has been reported as a pathogen on Lilium regale (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of this pathogen in North America. Herbarium specimens were submitted to the USDA APHIS mycology laboratory in Beltsville, MD (Accession No. BPI 842231). Cultures were also submitted to the American Type Culture Collection (MYA-2890). References: (1) P. H. Gregory. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 25:26, 1941. (2) G. L. Hennebert. Friesia 9:52, 1969.

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Zhou, Shujun, Xin Tan, Liqin Fang, Jia Jian, Ping Xu, and Guoliang Yuan. "Study of the Female Fertility of an Odd-tetraploid of Lilium and Its Potential Breeding Significance." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 138, no. 2 (March 2013): 114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.138.2.114.

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The primary objective of this research was to study the female fertility of the odd-tetraploid cultivar Honesty of Lilium containing one set of Longiflorum chromosomes and three sets of Asiatic chromosomes (LAAA) to open a new approach to Lilium breeding. To assess its female fertility, ‘Honesty’ was hybridized with four autotetraploid Asiatic lily cultivars. The results showed that the fruit of all ‘Honesty’ × tetraploid (4x × 4x) combinations developed well, and viable seedlings could be obtained, suggesting that ‘Honesty’, despite being male-sterile, has considerable female fertility. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that the progenies of the 4x × 4x hybridizations were aneuploid. Considering that lily is vegetatively propagated and aneuploids often demonstrate considerable phenotypic variation, odd-tetraploid lilies such as ‘Honesty’ may be useful maternal parents for breeding new lily cultivars.

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Wees, David. "Effects of ethephon and ancymidol on plant height and flower abortion of Easter lily." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 3 (July 1, 1993): 879–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-114.

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Ethephon and ancymidol were applied as substrate drenches to Nellie White Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) at rates of 12.5, 25, 50 or 75 mg a.i. per pot (ethephon) or 0.1 or 0.2 mg a.i. per pot (ancymidol). In 1990, the lowest dose of ethephon resulted in the same reduction in plant height as the highest dose of ancymidol (83% of height of control). In 1991, plants treated with the lowest dose of ethephon were one-third shorter than those treated with the highest dose of ancymidol. In both years higher rates of ethephon application resulted in greater height reduction and an increased number of aborted flowers. Ethephon drenches caused greater height reduction and more flower abortion in 1991 than in 1990. Key words: Ancymidol, ethephon, Easter lily, flower abortion, Lilium longiflorum

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Huo, Jianqiang, Dengjing Huang, Jing Zhang, Hua Fang, Bo Wang, Chunlei Wang, Zhanjun Ma, and Weibiao Liao. "Comparative Proteomic Analysis during the Involvement of Nitric Oxide in Hydrogen Gas-Improved Postharvest Freshness in Cut Lilies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 9, 2018): 3955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123955.

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Our previous studies suggested that both hydrogen gas (H2) and nitric oxide (NO) could enhance the postharvest freshness of cut flowers. However, the crosstalk of H2 and NO during that process is unknown. Here, cut lilies (Lilium “Manissa”) were used to investigate the relationship between H2 and NO and to identify differentially accumulated proteins during postharvest freshness. The results revealed that 1% hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and 150 μM sodium nitroprusside (SNP) significantly extended the vase life and quality, while NO inhibitors suppressed the positive effects of HRW. Proteomics analysis found 50 differentially accumulated proteins in lilies leaves which were classified into seven functional categories. Among them, ATP synthase CF1 alpha subunit (chloroplast) (AtpA) was up-regulated by HRW and down-regulated by NO inhibitor. The expression level of LlatpA gene was consistent with the result of proteomics analysis. The positive effect of HRW and SNP on ATP synthase activity was inhibited by NO inhibitor. Meanwhile, the physiological-level analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence and photosynthetic parameters also agreed with the expression of AtpA regulated by HRW and SNP. Altogether, our results suggested that NO might be involved in H2-improved freshness of cut lilies, and AtpA protein may play important roles during that process.

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Rartwala, Anil P., William B. Miller, P. Allen Hammer, and Terri Kirk. "845 PB 491 CAUSES OF POSTHARVEST LEAF YELLOWING IN EASTER LILIES." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 554d—554. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.554d.

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The possible factors contributing to leaf yellowing during the postharvest phase of Easter lilies (Lilium longiflorum Thunb.) were investigated. Higher levels of growth retardants, forcing under negative DIF conditions, cold storage (4.0°C) at the `puffy bud' stage and shipping stress were shown to increase leaf yellowing during postharvest holding. Concentrations of soluble carbohydrates and starch under inductive and non-inductive conditions were determined to investigate the correlation of it to leaf yellowing. Lilies grown under negative DIP had lower concentrations of leaf, stem and flower soluble carbohydrates and starch compared to plants grown under positive DIF. Investigation of diurnal fluctuations of leaf carbohydrates revealed low carbohydrate levels in negative DIP-forced plants at all times during the diurnal cycle. Supplemental light (50-60 μmo1 m-2s-1) during cold storage increased leaf carbohydrate levels. Higher levels of bud abortion and reduced flower longevity were also observed under conditions inductive of leaf yellowing.

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Kong, Ying, Huan Wang, Lixin Lang, Xiaoying Dou, and Jinrong Bai. "Metabolome-Based Discrimination Analysis of Five Lilium Bulbs Associated with Differences in Secondary Metabolites." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 1340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051340.

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The bulbs of several Lilium species are considered to be both functional foods and traditional medicine in northern and eastern Asia. Considering the limited information regarding the specific bioactive compounds contributing to the functional properties of these bulbs, we compared the secondary metabolites of ten Lilium bulb samples belonging to five different species, using an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based secondary metabolomics approach. In total, 245 secondary metabolites were detected; further, more metabolites were detected from purple Lilium bulbs (217 compounds) than from white bulbs (123–171 compounds). Similar metabolite profiles were detected in samples within the same species irrespective of where they were collected. By combining herbal analysis and screening differential metabolites, steroid saponins were considered the key bioactive compounds in medicinal lilies. Of the 14 saponins detected, none were accumulated in the bulbs of L. davidii var. willmottiae, also called sweet lily. The purple bulbs of L. regale accumulated more secondary metabolites, and, notably, more phenolic acid compounds and flavonoids. Overall, this study elucidates the differential metabolites in lily bulbs with varying functions and colors and provides a reference for further research on functional foods and the medicinal efficacy of Lilium species.

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Galli, Brian J., Mohamad Amin Kaviani, Paula Steisel Goldfarb, and Ardeshir Shahmaei. "Application of Conjoint Analysis in Improving the Value of New Product Development." International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences 8, no. 2 (April 2017): 11–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsds.2017040102.

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One of the most important elements of economic and business activity is developing a strategic marketing plan to improve growth prospects. One of the most important aspects of this in marketing is to understand the behavioral patterns of customers, in order to meet their needs and achieve business objectives. The consumer behavior analysis is key to establish the level of preferences expressed by the consumer towards a product or service. For this reason, conjoint analysis (CA) is one of the main models in the field of consumer research. This paper identifies the usefulness of CA as a marketing strategy in new product development (NPD). An application to “Forte Hotel Design” (presented by Lilien and Rangaswamy, 2004) is developed to highlight how CA can be an effective tool for marketing new products/services. Forte Hotels is a European hotel chain that wants to open a new facility in the United States. This research demostrates that there are multiple ways to conduct marketing research for any product or service. While the Forte Hotel case study used segmentation and targeting tools in its original analysis, the study shows that CA can also be used to analyze this marketing problem and can lead to similar decisions. This study highlights the value of CA as a tool to evaluate product attributes and shows its value in helping to make marketing decisions. It also shows that there is more than one way to dissect a marketing problem. The original case was solved using segmentation and targeting marketing tools, but this study shows that CA can be used to effectively make marketing decisions on new product development that lead to the same results/decisions as other marketing tools. This study shows original ways of using CA, to dissect a service design problem in new product development and to facilitate both product management and project management.

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Sun, Ming, Jin Fang Shi, and Qi Xiang Zhang. "Effects of Sucrose Concentration on the Bulblet Formation and Growth of Three Lilies In Vitro." Advanced Materials Research 343-344 (September 2011): 1276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.343-344.1276.

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To study the effect of different sucrose concentration on bulblet formation, three kinds of Lilium plantlets, Lilium davidii var. unicolor, L. longiflorum ‘White Heaven’ and L. OT ‘Yelloween’ were inoculated on media containing different sugar concentration. It was found that L. davidii var. unicolo had 100% percent in bulblet formation at the sucrose concentration 100g/L, while the diameter and weight increment of bulblets came to the maximum. Both ‘White Heaven’ and ‘Yelloween’ had 100% percent of bulblets formation on the sucrose concentration at 80g/L and 100 g/L. But the diameter and weight increment of bulblets in different varieties had different results. The maximum of ‘White Heaven’ bulblets could be obtained at sucrose concentration 60g/L, while ‘Yelloween’ at 80g/L. It was concluded that sucrose concentrations at 40~80g/L had a positive impact on these 3 lilies bulblets formation in vitro cultures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lilien'

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