Dissertations / Theses: 'Likert'

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Javaras, Kristin Nicole. "Statistical analysis of Likert data on attitudes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:50754d97-86c2-433d-96b0-319787ece3e5.

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Researchers interested in measuring people's underlying attitudes towards an object (e.g., abortion) often collect Likert data by administering a survey. Likert data consist of surveyees' responses to statements about the object, where responses fall into ordered categories running from `Strongly agree' to `Strongly disagree' or into a `Don't Know / Can't Choose' category. Two examples of Likert data are used for illustrative purposes. The first dataset was collected by the author from American and British graduate students at Oxford University and contains items measuring underlying abortion attitudes. The second dataset was taken from British and American responses to the 1995 National Identity Survey (NIS) and contains items measuring underlying national pride and immigration attitudes. A model for Likert data and underlying attitudes is introduced. This model is more principled than existing models. It treats people's underlying attitudes as latent variables, and it specifies a relationship between underlying attitudes and responses that is consistent with attitudinal research. Further, the formal probability model for responses allows people's interpretation of the response categories to differ. The model is fitted by maximising an appropriate likelihood. Variants of the model are used to analyse Likert data in three contexts; in each, the method using our model compares favourably to existing methods. First, the model is used to visualise the structure underlying the abortion attitude data. This method of visualization produces more sensible plots than analogous multivariate data visualization methods. Second, the model is used to select the statements whose responses (in the abortion attitude data) best reflect underlying abortion attitudes. Our method of statement selection more closely adheres to attitude researchers' stated aims than popular methods based on sample correlations. Third, the model is used to investigate how underlying national pride varies with nationality in the NIS data and also how underlying abortion attitude varies with gender, religious status, and nationality in the abortion attitude data. Unlike methods currently used by social scientists to model the relationship between attitudes and covariates, our method controls for the effects of differing response category interpretation. As a result, inferences about group differences in underlying attitudes are more robust to group differences in response category interpretation.

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Bank, Volker, and Sam F. Schaal. "Zum Einsatz von Likert-Skalen im betrieblichen Bildungscontrolling." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-60888.

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Der Bereich des Controllings betrieblicher Qualifikation und Bildung stellt die Controller vor erhebliche, z.T. unlösbare Probleme: Fast alles, was die Steuerung betrieblichen Lernens anbetrifft, bezieht sich auf nur schwer meßbare latente Größen. In diesem Beitrag soll die methodologische Problematik in einem zentralen Bereich der Steuerung von Maßnahmen betrieblichen Lernens angegangen werden: die Bedarfsanalyse. Zur rationalen Steuerung betrieblicher (Weiter-)Bildung ist die Ermittlung des tatsächlich vorhandenen Bildungsbedarfs unerläßlich. Nur so kann das Kriterium der Wirtschaftlichkeit von (Weiter-)Bildungsmaßnahmen erfüllt werden. Es wird dafür die Nutzung des Verfahrens der summierten Einschätzungen nach Rensis Likert (sogenannte Likert-Skalen) zur Lösung des zugrundeliegenden Meßproblems untersucht. Der Artikel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur Operationalisierung und Messung des Weiterbildungsbedarfs und skizziert Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschung, um eine Anwendung in der betrieblichen Praxis zu ermöglichen.

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Lu, Lee-Hsing. "The readiness and willingness in China for OD change a mixed method study of Chinese management /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3180740.

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Saho, Muhammed. "A Visualization Technique for Course Evaluations and Other Likert Scale Data." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28729.

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Course evaluation is one of the primary ways of collecting feedback from students at NDSU. Since almost every student in every course submits one at the end of the semester, it generates a lot of data. The data is summarized into text based reports with emphasis on average rating of each question. At one page per course, analyzing these reports can be overwhelming. Furthermore, it is very difficult to identify patterns in the text reports. We combine heat maps and small multiples to introduce a visualization of the data that allows for easier comparison between courses, departments, etc. We defined a data format for storing and transmitting the data. We built an interactive web application that consumes the aforementioned data format and generates the visualizations. We simulated reference data to facilitate interpretation of the visualizations. Finally, we discussed how our research can be applied more generally to Likert scale data.

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Montes, Antônio da Conceição. "Modelo alternativo para diagnóstico do clima organizacional em instituições de ensino." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5151.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Although belonging to the same social system, governmental and commercial organizations, among others, possess different internal environments and behaviors. Teaching institution, for example, It differs from other organizations, not only in architecture but also in the internal climate and culture. This study aims, verify and discuss an appropriate questionnaire model to evaluate the organizational climate in higher education institutions. The assessment of this instrument is focused on ease of understanding of the items by the respondents, proposed based on the synthesis of some of the instruments already used to evaluate the organizational climate to measure the organizational climate to effectively assess such a climate in secondary education institutions, allowing for swifter analysis, interpretations and diagnostics of data obtained through this method without compromising quality, effectiveness or relevance of results. Based on the literature review, different models measuring organizational climate were observed, each analyzing the dimensions associated with determined properties of the specific organization to be studied. The presented instrument is based on the characteristics of the work context for which it was created and responds to the lack of tools that allow for simple evaluation of the specific climate of teaching institutions. In conclusion, the climate was acknowledged as a construct of considerable interest within the research field of Organizational Behavior, predominantly as a result of its demonstrable influence over organizational effectiveness. Key
Embora pertençam a um mesmo sistema social, as organizações governamentais e comerciais, entre outras, possuem comportamentos e ambientes internos diferentes. As instituições de ensino, por exemplo, diferem das outras organizações, não só na arquitetura, mas também no clima interno e na cultura. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, verificar e discutir um modelo de questionário adequado para avaliação do clima organizacional em instituições de Ensino Superior. A avaliação deste instrumento é focada na facilidade de compreensão dos itens por parte dos entrevistados, proposto com base na síntese de alguns dos instrumentos já utilizados para avaliação do clima organizacional para aferir o clima organizacional em uma instituição de ensino superior de maneira eficiente, proporcionando maior rapidez na interpretação, análise e diagnóstico dos dados obtidos por meio deste instrumento sem comprometer a qualidade, eficácia e relevância dos resultados. Com base na revisão da literatura, foram observados diferentes modelos para medir o clima organizacional e cada um analisa as dimensões associadas com determinadas propriedades da organização específica a ser estudada. O instrumento apresentado baseia-se nas características do contexto de trabalho para o qual foi criado e responde à falta de instrumentos que permitam avaliar de forma simples o clima especifico de instituições de ensino. Em resumo, o clima foi estabelecido como uma construção de considerável interesse dentro do campo da pesquisa de comportamento organizacional, predominantemente como resultado de sua influência demonstrável sobre a eficácia organizacional.

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Ramalho, Jose Amauri. "Uma tentativa de utilizar o perfil organizacional de Likert (LOP) como instrumento de avaliação dos departamentos da universidade brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/9497.

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The objective of this dissertation was to use Likert's mode1 (measuring the causal, intervening and resu1t variab1es) in all the departments of Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. This initiative arose from the purpose of obtaining the manegerial outline of the departments as well as their performance (measuring the result variables). Having the measuring of the three groups of variables (causal, intervening and of result), it was possib1e to compare the fifty departments chosen for the research. In a general way, the purpose of the dissertation was primari1y to give emphasis to the study, including its objectives and importance and finally, to its organization (chapter 1). Later, it was decided to have a wide view of the organizationa1 theory, trying to emphasize the four great trends. Following this, it was introduced Likert's with a11 its specifications (chapter 2). model As for the third step, it was decided organization of the dissertation would start description and sample of the population, data that the with the estimate, field work and data analysis. Finally, it was given emphasis to the countless limitations of the research (chapter 3). Before the beginning of the presentation and ana1ysis of the results, there was a need to have a historical retrospective of the structure of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo whose purpose was to search its origins and facilitate the understanding of the analysis (chapter 4). As a last step, it was attempted to give an account of all the conclusive facts originated use of Likert's model in all the departments of from the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. At this point, it became evident the necessity of the University to maximize all its resources (chapter 5).
Este trabalho teve o prof5sito de utilizar o Modelo de Likert (mensuração das variáveis causais, intervenientes e de resultado) nos Departamentos da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo. Esta iniciativa decorreu da intenção de obter o perfil administrativo dos Departamentos, bem como de seu respectivo desempenho (mensuração das variáveis de resultado). De posse das mensurações dos três grupos de variáveis (causais, intervenientes e de resultado), pôde-se efetuar comparações dos 50 Departamentos objeto de pesquisa. preliminarmente, procurou-se de maneira bastante abrangente enfatizar o estudo, seus objetivos, importância e, finalmente, a organização do trabalho (Capitulo 1). Na segunda etapa, proporcionou-se uma ampla visão da teoria organizacional, procurando salientar as quatro grandes correntes. A seguir, apresentou-se o Modelo de Likert com todas as suas especificidades (Capitulo 2). Com relação a terceira etapa, foi estabelecida toda a operacionalização do trabalho, iniciando com a definição da população e amostra, passando pela coleta de da- \ dos, trabalho de campo, análise dos dados e, finalmente, enfatizando as inúmeras limitações da pesquisa (Capitulo 3). No tocante a quarta etapa, antes de iniciar a apresentação e análise dos resultados, fez-se uma retrospectiva histórica da estrutura da Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo, com o intuito de buscar suas origens e facilitar o entendimento da análise (Capítulo 4). Finalmente, na quinta etapa, procurou-se registrar todos os pontos conclusivos decorrentes da utilização do Modelo de Likert junto aos Departamentos da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Neste capitulo, ficou evidenciada, sobretudo, a necessidade de a Universidade procurar otimizar seus recursos (Capítulo 5).

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Valencia, Pomareda Pedro Herbert Jaime. "Estilos gerenciales y satisfacción laboral." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/414.

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La gestión de personas se ha convertido hoy en día en un tema estratégico para la competitividad de los negocios. La función de personal que antes se abocaba únicamente a aspectos de control administrativo adquiere actualmente nuevas dimensiones y desafíos muy vinculados a la búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades para el éxito en la gestión del negocio y a la obtención de resultados. Gestionar personas se constituye hoy en día en uno de los aspectos clave de la función gerencial. Si los gerentes modernos cuentan con equipos humanos de alta eficiencia que posean además adecuados niveles de motivación y compromiso con su institución, existirán mayores posibilidades de efectuar delegación de funciones a personal competente y motivado a desarrollar un trabajo y brindar un servicio de calidad. Esto conduce además a que los gerentes liberen tiempo para diseñar y ejecutar nuevos planes y estrategias de desarrollo institucional. Uno de los aspectos clave en la gestión de personas en las instituciones modernas es el manejo de un estilo adecuado de liderazgo. Este tema muchas veces ha permanecido ignorado o soslayado debido a que los propios gerentes no conocían su existencia y mucho menos que era un manejo importante para facilitar y optimizar su gestión. Los estilos gerenciales han sido estudiados por varios autores, destacando entre ellos Rensis Likert quien establece la existencia de cuatro sistemas de liderazgo, cada uno con sus respectivos indicadores y resultados de efectividad.
Tesis

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Almeida, Clícia Rejane de. "Aplicação do pacote computacional SPSS em pequisa de opinião utilizando escala de Likert." Universidade de Taubaté, 2016. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=864.

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A pesquisa de opinião tem um papel importante dentro da Engenharia de Produção, para o auxilio da confiabilidade da pesquisa é necessário ferramentas que sejam capazes de medir e trazer resultados de confiança. No presente estudo buscou-se apresentar a melhor forma da criação de um questionário com a utilização de uma escala confiável e conseqüentemente usar o pacote estatístico computacional SPSS para avaliar o caso. A Escala de Likert, utilizada para o questionário, é uma abordagem de resposta que mede a extensão de satisfação com um conjunto de instruções e perguntas realizadas através do questionário, este tipo de categoria de resposta faz com que seja fácil de quantificar, simplificando a análise de dados. Com a utilização do softwares o SPSS pode demonstrar que mesmo as pessoas pouco familiarizadas com softwares o SPSS pode auxiliar para tabulação e análise dos dados, pois sua plataforma é auto interativa e com resultados confiáveis.
The opinion survey has an important role within Production Engineeringor the help of the search reliability is necessary tools to be able to measure and bring reliable results. In the present study we sought to present the best way of creating a questionnaire using a reliable scale and therefore use the computer SPSS to evaluate the case. The Likert scale used for the questionnaire is a response approach to measuring the extent of satisfaction with a set of instructions and questions asked in the questionnaire, this type of response category makes it easy to quantify, simplifying the analysis data. Using the software SPSS can demonstrate that even people unfamiliar with SPSS software can help for tabulation and analysis of data because its platform is self interactive and reliable results.

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Valencia, Pomareda Pedro Herbert Jaime, and Pomareda Pedro Herbert Jaime Valencia. "Estilos gerenciales y satisfacción laboral." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2008. http://cybertesis.unmsm.edu.pe/handle/cybertesis/414.

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La gestión de personas se ha convertido hoy en día en un tema estratégico para la competitividad de los negocios. La función de personal que antes se abocaba únicamente a aspectos de control administrativo adquiere actualmente nuevas dimensiones y desafíos muy vinculados a la búsqueda de nuevas oportunidades para el éxito en la gestión del negocio y a la obtención de resultados. Gestionar personas se constituye hoy en día en uno de los aspectos clave de la función gerencial. Si los gerentes modernos cuentan con equipos humanos de alta eficiencia que posean además adecuados niveles de motivación y compromiso con su institución, existirán mayores posibilidades de efectuar delegación de funciones a personal competente y motivado a desarrollar un trabajo y brindar un servicio de calidad. Esto conduce además a que los gerentes liberen tiempo para diseñar y ejecutar nuevos planes y estrategias de desarrollo institucional. Uno de los aspectos clave en la gestión de personas en las instituciones modernas es el manejo de un estilo adecuado de liderazgo. Este tema muchas veces ha permanecido ignorado o soslayado debido a que los propios gerentes no conocían su existencia y mucho menos que era un manejo importante para facilitar y optimizar su gestión. Los estilos gerenciales han sido estudiados por varios autores, destacando entre ellos Rensis Likert quien establece la existencia de cuatro sistemas de liderazgo, cada uno con sus respectivos indicadores y resultados de efectividad.
Tesis

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Shulruf, Boaz. "The influence of individualist and collectivist attributes on responses to Likert-type scales." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3175087.

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Collectivism and individualism are culturally-related psychological structures which have been used to distinguish people within and across various societies. From a review of the literature, it is argued that the most salient feature of individualism is valuing personal independence, which includes self-knowledge, uniqueness, privacy, clear communication, and competitiveness. Collectivism is associated with a strong sense of duty to group, relatedness to others, seeking others' advice, harmony, and working with the group. The purpose of the thesis is to explore how collectivist and individualist attributes affect the way people respond to Likert-type questionnaires. In the first study, a new measurement tool for individualism and collectivism was developed to address critical methodological issues in this field of cross-cultural psychology. This new measure the “Auckland Individualism and Collectivism Scale” defined three dimensions of individualism: (a) Responsibility (acknowledging one's responsibility for one's actions), (b) Uniqueness (distinction of the self from the other) and (c) Compete (striving for personal goals is one's prime interest); and two dimensions of collectivism: (d) Advice (seeking advice from people close to one, before taking decisions), and (e) Harmony (seeking to avoid conflict). The AICS avoids the need for measuring horizontal and vertical dimensions of collectivism and individualism, and the confounding effect of familialism on the collectivism-individualism constructs. The second study investigated the relationship between collectivism and individualism and various response sets that have been reported relating to the way in which individuals respond to Likert-type scales. Using structural equation modelling, the Collectivism-Individualism Model of Response Bias was developed. This model suggests two types of response sets: (a) the Impression-Response Bias which includes response sets such as social desirability and context, that affect the first four stages of responding to questions, namely receiving and retrieving data and making decisions; and (b) the Expression-Response Bias which includes response sets such as the extreme response set and the neutral response set that relate to the application of the responses, namely the actual answer chosen by the respondent. Collectivism is negatively correlated with context and with self deception enhancement whereas individualism is positively correlated with context and self deception enhancement and impression management. Context is positively correlated with extreme response set and negatively correlated with neutral response set. The Collectivism-Individualism Model of Response Bias suggests that collectivist and individualist attributes directly affect the Impression-Response Bias response sets and indirectly affect the Expression-Response Bias response sets. It was concluded that attributes of collectivism and individualism affect the decision made by the respondents and therefore lead to different responses to Likert-type questionnaires. Nevertheless, the effect of collectivism and individualism on the magnitude of the responses would be limited as it is mediated by the Impression-Response Bias response set.
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Dittrich, Regina, Brian Francis, Reinhold Hatzinger, and Walter Katzenbeisser. "A Paired Comparison Approach for the Analysis of Sets of Likert Scale Responses." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/654/1/document.pdf.

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This paper provides an alternative methodology for the analysis of a set of Likert responses measured on a common attitudinal scale when the primary focus of interest is on the relative importance of items in the set. The method makes fewer assumptions about the distribution of the responses than the more usual approaches such as comparisons of means, MANOVA or ordinal data methods. The approach transforms the Likert responses into paired comparison responses between the items. The complete multivariate pattern of responses thus produced can be analysed by an appropriately reformulated paired comparison model. The dependency structure between item responses can also be modelled flexibly. The advantage of this approach is that sets of Likert responses can be analysed simultaneously within the Generalized Linear Model framework, providing standard likelihood based inference for model selection. This method is applied to a recent international survey on the importance of environmental problems. (author's abstract)
Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics

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Johns, Robert. "The validity of Likert attitude measurement : using cognitive psychology to design question formats." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413734.

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Nchoe, Katlego Elaine. "Exploring the suitability of rating scales for measuring bullying among Grade 4 learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65450.

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The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate which bullying rating scale, between the Likert Scale (LS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), is more appropriate for Grade 4 learners. Although literature verifies the reliability of these two rating scales used to measure bullying in young children, the validity and the suitability of these instruments for young learners has not been extensively explored in the South African context. The concern with bullying in this study has to do with the need for the accurate assessment/measurement of bullying, since a proper understanding of bullying depends on the accuracy of the instrument used. Against this backdrop, this study employed a survey design, rooted in a post-positivist conceptualisation of bullying, using a bullying questionnaire. The study’s questionnaire consisted of both LS and VAS response options, and was used to measure both the bully and the victims’ response option preferences (LS versus VAS), in addition to assessing the reliability and validity of both response options. A class of Grade 4 learners from one Model C school formed part of the survey and those who were willing to participate completed the Learner Bullying Questionnaire (LBQ). The school was selected using a purposive, non-probability sampling method based on the geographical area, the in addition to the incidence of bullying and diversity of the school population. The quantitative data obtained from the survey design questionnaires were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics as well as the Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between the VAS and LS responses for each question presented. Using the Wilcoxon tes, the differences between the two response options were determined (i.e. the variances in the preference scores and difficulty scores of the Grade 4 learners for the two response options). The results of the LBQ show no significant difference of scale preference for the Grade 4 learners. However, the learners - in the six scale preference questions included near the end of the LBQ - indicated that they preferred the VAS over the LS.
Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Educational Psychology
MEd
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Lane, Loraine Deforia. "The effect of a single music therapy session on hospitalized children as measured by salivary immunoglobulin A, speech pause time, and a Patient Opinion Likert Scale." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055429377.

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EVANGELISTA, NAVA ELIZABETH 849336, and NAVA ELIZABETH EVANGELISTA. "Evaluación de escalas de likert utilizando lógica difusa mediante el desarrollo de un sistema web." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/80132.

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Tal como se ha mencionado, uno de los principales problemas identificados en el estudio del emprendedurismo, es complejidad de estandarizar instrumentos de estudio dada la subjetividad que esto implica. Para responder a la pregunta de investigación planteada al inicio de la presente Tesis, se utilizó lógica difusa para evaluar el contenido de cuestionarios en escalas de Likert para caracterizar y medir el perfil del emprendedor potencial universitario. En especifico, es posible enumerar los principales hallazgos derivados de los resultados experimentales: 1. Con la utilización del Metodo Delphi fue posible la obtención de un instrumento fiable con dimensiones aceptables, validado por expertos que caracteriza el perfil del emprendedor potencial universitario generando un informe personalizado. Al respecto: a. En la primera de las tres rondas fue posible discriminar de 73 ítems inciales a 39. b. Utilizando un sistema de inferencia difuso tipo Mamdani, con funciones de pertenencia triangulares, se constituyó la base de reglas con un total de veintisiete combinaciones. c. El instrumento final permite la caracterización del perfil ideal, al identificar de forma aceptable las etiquetas lingüísticas proporcionadas por el experto y el que general el sistema de inferencia difuso, encontrando diferencias en sólo cuatro de los ítems analizados. 3. La utilización del modelo difuso permite medir el índice de contenido de un instrumento mediante valoraciones de los expertos de forma fácil, sobre todo si se tienen multiples variables de entrada y una variable de salidad. La complejidad radica en la definición de las reglas. 4. Del análisis de resultados, fue posible identificar que la distancia de Hamming proporciona la tendencia positiva o negativa de cada respuesta, en comparación con el análisis estadístico se requiere calcular los estadígrafos para asociarlos con cada etiqueta lingüística que le corresponda (generalmente en forma ascendente) omitiendo si la respuesta tiende a positiva o negativa por lo que el investigador tiene que tener mucha experiencia para evitar este tipo de errores. 5. Por otra parte, el análisis factorial permitió corroborar el correcto funcionamiento del modelo difuso al obtener resultados satisfactorios. 1. La automatización del modelado difuso facilita la evaluación del contenido de uno o muchos instrumentos en escala de Likert mediante la participación de los expertos permitiendo el uso de etiquetas lingüísticas propias del ser humano en la representación de la información. 2. Por último, el sistema web desarrollado es de propósito general para cuando se utilicen escalas de Liker, con capacidad de levantamiento masivo de información y la entrega de resultados, optimizando los recursos, el tiempo y el costo que implicaría recolectar e interpretar los datos de manera manual.
En este proyecto se plantea como problema de investigación el siguiente cuestionamiento: ¿Es posible utilizar la lógica difusa como método alternativo a lo convencional para evaluar el contenido de cuestionarios en escalas de Likert propuestos por investigadores teóricos o no expertos para caracterizar y medir de forma automática el perfil del emprendedor potencial universitario?. En respuesta a la pregunta de investigación se realiza la evaluación de las escalas de Likert por una parte validando el contenido y por otra parte se caracteriza el perfil ideal a partir de los datos de entrada proporcionados por los expertos utilizando lógica difusa. La estrategia de solución se basa en tres rondas utilizando el método Delphi. Consiste básicamente en generar un instrumento de medición fiable durante la primera ronda, el cual es evaluado por los expertos en una segunda ronda para determinar la validez de su contenido, posteriormente se implementa el modelado difuso para obtener como resultado el índice de contenido en términos língüisticos bajo, medio o alto. Durante la tercera ronda, los expertos cumplimentan el cuestionario con ello se calculan los conjuntos difusos de cada etiqueta lingüística y el conjunto difuso de los valores de preferencia de los expertos, seguidamente se calcula la distancia de Hamming entre los conjuntos por pregunta para la caracterización del perfil del emprendedor potencial aplicable a una muestra de alumnos universitarios sirviendo para el diagnóstico personalizado. Entre los resultados se obtiene un cuestionario fiable y válido con un total de 39 ítems para el perfil emprendedor, el cual se integró por las dimensiones intención emprendedora, rasgos de personalidad, valores individualistas y percepción del empresario, además se obtuvieron las distancias de Hamming entre los conjuntos difusos las cuales sirvieron para identificar las etiquetas lingüísticas del cuestionario aceptables por los expertos caracterizando el perfil ideal, las etiquetas lingüísticas se comparan con el perfil real obteniedo la valoración aceptable si se encuentra dentro de los valores de preferencia proporcionados por los expertos, en caso contrario obtiene una respuesta no aceptable por cada pregunta.
Ninguno

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Zampronha, Maria Amélia Güllnitz. "A experiência com o outro de alunos de graduação em psicologia e o uso da internet." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10378.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present dissertation s object of study is the Psychology students experience of relationship. The objective is to verify the correlation between said experience and Internet use regarding three aspects, here defined as analytical categories: prejudice, technological rationality and narcissism. Since Psychology s object of study is the individual, regarding one s relationships with society, the psychologist is expected to be able to observe and distinguish himself from the others and the others among themselves, noticing and distinguishing them, and to think critically about the social, economical, cultural and political contexts in which they live. The theoretical reference to ground this research, the questionnaire s development and the data analysis is the critical theory. The method consists in the use of a Questionaire about Internet habits and a Likert scale, called Experience with others Scale (E Scale) and the statistical analysis of the results. The E Scale is divided in three subscales, prejudice, technological rationality and narcissism, and evaluates the subjects attitudes and opinions regarding the three analytical categories, understanding that said categories may permeate and interfere in the experience with others and in the experience of selfconsciousness. A high score in the E Scale indicates lack of the spontaneous experience. The subjects are 72 Psychology students of a private college in São Paulo. The hypothesis predicted: a strong correlation between Internet use and attitudes manifested in the relationship with others; use more related to communication and solution to immediate problems than to information; and the more frequent this use, higher the E Scale s score. It was verified that the subjects tend to express more prejudice and adherence to technological rationality than narcissism and that there is correlation between Internet use and the manifestation of the three categories
O objeto de estudo da presente dissertação é a experiência com o outro de alunos de graduação em Psicologia. O objetivo é verificar a relação entre esta experiência e o uso da Internet considerando três aspectos, aqui definidos como categorias de análise: preconceito, racionalidade tecnológica e narcisismo. Já que o objeto de estudo da Psicologia é o indivíduo, considerado em suas relações com a sociedade, espera-se que o psicólogo seja capaz de perceber-se e diferenciar-se dos outros indivíduos, de percebê-los e diferenciá-los entre si e de refletir criticamente acerca dos contextos social, econômico, cultural e político em que está inserido. O referencial teórico para fundamentar a pesquisa, a construção do instrumento e a análise dos dados é a teoria crítica da sociedade. O método compreende a aplicação de um Questionário de hábitos de uso de Internet e de uma escala Likert, denominada escala de Experiência com o outro (escala E), e o tratamento estatístico dos resultados obtidos. A escala E é dividida em três subescalas, de preconceito, de racionalidade tecnológica e de narcisismo, e avalia as atitudes e opiniões dos sujeitos em relação às três categorias de análise, compreendendo que elas podem permear e interferir na experiência com o outro e na experiência de autoconsciência. Um alto escore na escala E indica prejuízo da experiência espontânea. Os sujeitos são 72 alunos do curso de graduação em Psicologia, de uma faculdade privada da cidade de São Paulo. As hipóteses previam: forte correlação entre o uso da Internet e as atitudes expressas na relação com o outro; uso mais relacionado à comunicação e à solução de problemas imediatos que à informação; e que quanto maior esse tipo de uso, maior a pontuação na escala E. Verificou-se que a amostra tende a expressar maiores graus de preconceito e adesão à racionalidade tecnológica e menor grau de narcisismo e que há correlação entre o modo como os sujeitos utilizam a Internet e a expressão dessas três categorias

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Cogan, Nancy, and n/a. "A cross-denominational study of beliefs and attitudes about domestic violence." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.102538.

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This thesis reports the results of a survey of Christian church attenders which explored their attitudes and beliefs towards domestic violence. An extensive review of the relevant literature covers the nature of, and research into domestic violence; attitudes toward domestic violence; the relationship of domestic violence to doctrines and practices in the Judeo-Chrlstian tradition and in modern Christianity; and relevant topics in attribution theory. A survey of beliefs and attitudes about husband-to-wife physical violence was designed for this project. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items using a 5 point Likert scale and an optional, open-ended comments section. It was distributed to 12 congregations, representing 6 denominations, in the Canberra region. Participation was voluntary, and 340 questionnaires were completed. The gender ratio of the respondents is consistent with other studies of church attending populations, and Chi-square analysis found no significant differences in gender balance among the denominations. Factor analysis of the responses identified 8 subscales which explored themes of responsibility for and justification of violence, community support for perpetrators and victims, and beliefs about sex roles. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the denominations in beliefs about sex roles, but failed to find expected parallels in the justification and responsibility subscales. This sample is more in agreement than is the general population that neither a wife's action nor her verbal behaviour is justification for a husband to use physical force against her, and it is personally more willing to give support to victims of domestic violence and to helping perpetrators to change. Gender is more frequently a significant factor across the subscales than denomination. Comments from 190 respondents were categorised and provide qualitative data which is juxtaposed with the quantitative results. Directions for future research are discussed.

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Ralepeli, Selebeli Gideon. "Employee perceptions on managing diversity in the workplace / S.G. Ralepeli." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2905.

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Tucker-Seeley, Kevon R. "The Effects of Using Likert vs. Visual Analogue Scale Response Options on the Outcome of a Web-based Survey of 4th Through 12th Grade Students: Data from a Randomized Experiment." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2624.

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Thesis advisor: Michael Russell
For more than a half century surveys and questionnaires with Likert-scaled items have been used extensively by researchers in schools to draw inferences about students; however, to date there has not been a single study that has examined whether alternative item response types on a survey might lead to different results than those obtained with Likert scales in a K-12 setting. This lack of direct comparisons leaves the best method of framing response options in educational survey research unclear. In this study, 4th through 12th grade public school students were administered two versions of the same survey online: one with Likert-scaled response options and the other with visual analogue-scaled response options. A randomized, fixed-effect, between-subjects experimental design was implemented to investigate whether the survey with visual analogue-scaled items yielded results comparable to the survey with Likert-scaled items based on the following four methods and indices: 1) factor structure; 2) internal consistency and test-retest reliability; 3) survey summated scores; and 4) main, interaction, and simple effects. Results of the first three indices suggested that both the Likert scale and visual analogue scale produced similar factor structures, were equally reliable, and yielded summated scores that were not significantly different across all three school levels (elementary, middle, and high school). Results of the factorial ANOVA suggested that only the main effect of school level was statistically significant but that there was no significant interaction between item response type and school level. Results of the post-survey questionnaires suggested that students at all school levels preferred answering questions on the survey with the VAS compared to the LS nearly three to one
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation

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Larrabee, Beth R. "Ordinary least squares regression of ordered categorical data: inferential implications for practice." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8850.

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Master of Science
Department of Statistics
Nora Bello
Ordered categorical responses are frequently encountered in many disciplines. Examples of interest in agriculture include quality assessments, such as for soil or food products, and evaluation of lesion severity, such as teat ends status in dairy cattle. Ordered categorical responses are characterized by multiple categories or levels recorded on a ranked scale that, while apprising relative order, are not informative of magnitude of or proportionality between levels. A number of statistically sound models for ordered categorical responses have been proposed, such as logistic regression and probit models, but these are commonly underutilized in practice. Instead, the ordinary least squares linear regression model is often employed with ordered categorical responses despite violation of basic model assumptions. In this study, the inferential implications of this approach are investigated using a simulation study that evaluates robustness based on realized Type I error rate and statistical power. The design of the simulation study is motivated by applied research cases reported in the literature. A variety of plausible scenarios were considered for simulation, including various shapes of the frequency distribution and different number of categories of the ordered categorical response. Using a real dataset on frequency of antimicrobial use in feedlots, I demonstrate the inferential performance of ordinary least squares linear regression on ordered categorical responses relative to a probit model.

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Kappey, J. R., and n/a. "A survey study of grade six students' atitudes towards science in selected schools of Papua New Ginea." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060804.131924.

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This survey study on students attitudes towards science was conducted in Papua New Guinea. It involved 200 randomly selected grade six students in eight selected community (primary) schools (4 urban and 4 rural) of four provinces. There were six research questions to focus the study. The instruments consisted of 9 Students Background Questions, 9 interview questions, 43 Students Science Attitude Questionnaire Items, and a 20-item cognitive test. The former three sets of instruments were trialled in two schools. The test questions were not trialled as they were trialled previously in several schools within PNG. The 43 Likert-type items were divided into five categories - curiosity, enjoyment, science learning, perceived achievement, and relevance. Each category was assigned 10 items, with the exception of perceived achievement which had three items. About half of the the statements in a category were negatively worded. A student had to put a tick in a box next to a statement according to his or her feelings. The choices were given by the five-point scale - Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Hot Sure (NS), Disagree (D), and Strongly Disagree (SD) along with three laces (smiling, uncertain and frowning) which were added as interest, From the twenty five students in a study school, a group of 6 students (3 males and 3 females) was randomly selected for face to face interview. The responses in the items associated with the five categories (dependent variables) were used to assess various student characteristics (independent variables) of parent and home background (i.e. parent educational levels and language use at home), gender (male and female), biogeographical location (urban and rural), and level of performance in standardized cognitive test (above average, average and below average). Statistical techniques of correlation coefficient, analysis of variance and factor analysis were used in analysing the responses but the results were not clear due insufficient trialling and test of reliability with the limited period in which the data had to be collected. As consequence, chi-square test (contingency tables) was used as alternative statistical test to determine significant differences in responses to the items at 0.05 level. With the exception of perceived achievement, student responses to the items on the categories were generally and satisfactorily positive. The mean levels of attitudes in the categories were not as high as one may expect (Table 5.1). Relatively, few of the items associated with student independent variables showed significant differences. There was generally no significant differences in parent and home backgrounds (i.e. language use and parent educational background). Urban students tended to be more positive than the rural students, but. this not could be generalised due to a small number of items with significant differences. Male students showed more positive attitudes to science than female students, but this was limited to a small number of items. The students with above average scores in the cognitive test showed more positive attitudes to science than those of average and below verage scores. However, the number of items were quite small, and therefore could not be generalised. Points of improvement in the practice of teaching and future research in attitudes to science are recommended. For instance, the present officially prescribed time of 40 minutes per week for science should be changed to 1.5 to 2 hours after further investigation. The reason for this is that it requires some preparation before actual lessons begin (e.g. collecting materials by groups) and the students are generally slow.

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Araújo, Maria Cristina Cabral da Costa. "Mapeamento da qualidade ambiental nas organizações privadas de Santa Catarina." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87292.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico
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Por muitos anos o homem degradou o meio em que habita, porém atualmente, esta postura tem sido modificada em função da busca pelo desenvolvimento sustentável, que acaba norteando muitas das iniciativas de gestão ambiental. Dentro deste contexto, as organizações privadas têm sofrido fortes pressões, sobretudo pelo mercado, a adequar a forma de gerenciar seus processos de gestão a sistemas estruturados a partir de normas e programas internacionais. Frente a estas transformações, a certificação pelas normas ISO-14001 e a implantação de Programas como o de Produção Mais Limpa tem significado um diferencial de competitividade, garantindo, ao mesmo tempo, uma maior lucratividade para as empresas e o atendimento às exigências do mercado nacional e internacional. Com o intuito de suprir a falta de dados referentes ao setor privado quanto à preocupação ambiental em Santa Catarina, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo mapear o setor no estado através de uma análise dos seus sistemas de gestão Ambiental - ISO-14001 e Programa Produção Mais Limpa - utilizados. Como critérios de avaliação do perfil das organizações foram utilizados: ramo de atividade, porte e região onde está localizada cada organização. Com um complexo industrial significativo, Santa Catarina apareceu como 5ª colocada no ranking das certificações brasileiras. Como era de se esperar, o perfil das empresas certificadas foi de empresas na sua maioria de grande porte, principalmente do setor têxtil, exportadoras tradicionais e com históricos de muitas premiações na área ambiental. Quanto à Produção Mais Limpa, o perfil apareceu diferente: empresas de pequeno e médio porte, sendo 45% do total do setor alimentício e 27% metal-mecânico. No tocante à localização o resultado foi bastante variado, sendo a região do Vale do Itajaí e Norte do Estado as mais freqüentes. Apesar dos resultados encontrados, não há muito o que comemorar, a consciência ambiental das organizações ainda é pequena e os sistemas de gestão ambiental ainda são vistos, muitas vezes, como um fim e não como um meio para a busca real do tão esperado desenvolvimento sustentável.

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Cortizo, de Aguiar Bernardo. "Uso de escalas de autorrelato na análise de jogos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3590.

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A preocupação com a medição objetiva da opinião humana é conhecida de muito em Design e outras áreas. Algumas das ferramentas desenvolvidas com esse propósito são as chamadas escalas de autorrelato, onde o usuário responde uma série de questões de múltipla escolha organizadas sob um mesmo formato. Utilizados como forma de medir a receptividade de um produto frente ao seu público, muitas dessas escalas já foram desenvolvidas, mas sente-se a falta de um estudo comparativo de seus desempenhos quando usadas dessa forma. Fazendo uso de três formatos de escalas de autorrelato, desenvolvemos experimentos realizados com questionários online justamente com o intuito de averiguar como se comportam ao avaliar jogos digitais, em relação umas às outras. Escolhendo as escalas Likert, de diferencial semântico e de Stapel; e colhendo também as opiniões dos participantes, comparamos o desempenho de cada uma através de seus desvios-padrão médios, como forma de analisar o quanto a opinião dos respondentes divergiam. Ao fim, chegamos à conclusão que tanto a escala Likert quanto a de diferencial semântico obtiveram resultados semelhantes e satisfatórios, sendo, portanto, recomendadas como escalas adequadas para a coleta de opiniões. Juntando a isso, propomos ainda um modelo de escala de autorrelato que junta os pontos percebidos tanto pelos participantes como pelo autor como positivos dessas duas escalas

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Colugnati, Fernando Antonio Basile. "Uma estrategia de analise psicometrica para instrumentos baseados em escala de Likert via analise de correspondencia multipla." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/306420.

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Orientador: Regina Célia de Carvalho Pinto Moran
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação Cientifica
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Resumo: Este trabalho explora a utilização da técnica de Análise de Correspondência Múltipla no campo da psicometria como uma ferramenta de avaliação e validação de instrumentos baseados em Escala de Likert, e procura disponibilizar uam estratégia para este tipo de estudo. É apresentada uma generalização das técnicas baseadas em Decomposição de Valores Singulares e a particularização para a Análise de Correspondência Múltipla. Além disso é sugerida a utilização de um indice de interpretação análoga à carga fatorial, além da Escala Ótima, importante no estudo de ordenação das categorias de resposta dos itens. Um estudo de simulação é feito aplicando-se a nova estratégia e a forma tradicional, através de Análise F atorial solucionada por Componentes Principais e os resultados são comparados. Observou-se uma vantagem na abordagem sugerida quanto à identificação de construtos e na discriminação de grupos de indivíduos com diferentes perfis, principalmente quando a relação das variáveis e o fator não é linear. Também é feita uma aplicação em dados reais de um estudo realizado em Campinas pára a validação do instrumento SCL-90-R
Mestrado
Mestre em Estatística

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Classen, Elizabeth Maria. "Investigation of the optimal response scale for personality measurement : computer–based testing / Elizabeth Maria Classen." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6918.

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return and payback period. All these above techniques will be analysed in three different scenarios, namely: 1. Mine X will stay with its current operations without any new projects. 2. The development project will begin immediately. 3. A six–month delay in development of the project. The study found that the net present value was positive, the internal rate of return was more than the discount rate and the payback period was shorter than the project’s life–time regarding to all three above–mentioned scenarios. The highest net present value is calculated in case the project starts immediately. Both the internal rate of return and the payback period indicated that a six month delay in the project is the most viable. After considering all the facts, the study concluded due to the highest net present value the best feasible recommendation would be to start the project immediately. The value of this study is that it is the first study to investigate the relationship between the viability to delay or to start the investment project immediately in the South African mining industry. This study is also unique, since it takes into account how mining industries world–wide can achieve long–term success through development projects without losing key players, due to impulsive short–term downsizing decisions. To be able to use personality tests in the most reliable and valid manner there are many considerations to be taken into account. Variables such as the population used, the culture of the test–takers, the mode of administration, whether pencil–and–paper or computer–based testing procedures, familiarity with computers when using computer–based tests and the response format to be used when administering the personality questionnaire are but some of the considerations. Within South Africa it is that much more important to consider the mode of administration, whether pencil–and–paper tests or computer–based tests, as there are many individual groups who have been historically disadvantaged when it comes to the use of computers as a testing method. It is just as important to consider the response scale to be utilised when administering personality testing as this may influence the results obtained and can influence the reliability and validity of these results. The objective of this study was to determine which response scale, dichotomous or polytomous, was the best to use when conducting computer–based personality testing. The questionnaire that was utilised was the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) questionnaire; however, only items from the Soft–Heartedness cluster were employed as the objective was not to test the questionnaire but to test the most reliable and valid response scale to be used in conjunction with the questionnaire. A convenience sampling approach was utilised and the questionnaire was administered to students who were available and able to take the test (N = 724). Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Cronbach Alpha coefficients were used to analyse the data obtained.
Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Rousseau, Michel. "L'impact des méthodes de traitement des valeurs manquantes sur les qualités phychométriques d'échelles de mesure de type Likert." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23426/23426.pdf.

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La présence de réponses manquantes pour certains items d’une échelle de mesure est un phénomène que tout chercheur est susceptible de rencontrer au cours de ses travaux. Bien que les biais que peut causer un traitement inadéquat de cette non-réponse soient connus depuis près de 30 ans (Rubin, 1976), les connaissances quant à l’efficacité des diverses méthodes de traitement des valeurs manquantes sont encore très restreintes. La présente étude vise à faire évoluer les connaissances et les pratiques concernant le traitement des valeurs manquantes dans le contexte d’utilisation d’échelles de type Likert. Le problème fondamental que posent les valeurs manquantes est qu’il est impossible de ne pas en tenir compte lors de l’application d’une méthode d’analyse statistique. La majorité de ces méthodes ayant été développées pour traiter des matrices de données complètes. Les modèles de mesure utilisés dans le traitement des données issues d’échelles de type Likert n’échappent pas à cette réalité. Deux modèles de mesure sont étudiés plus en profondeur dans ce projet soit, le modèle classique et le modèle gradué de Samejima. La recherche entreprise avait comme objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité de cinq méthodes de traitement des valeurs manquantes, dont la méthode d’imputation multiple. De plus, il était visé d’évaluer l’impact du nombre de sujets, du nombre d’items et de la proportion des valeurs manquantes sur l’efficacité des méthodes. Les résultats issus de cette recherche semblent suggérer que la méthode d’imputation multiple présente une efficacité supérieure aux autres méthodes bien que, tout dépendant du modèle de mesure considéré, d’autres méthodes plus simples semblent aussi efficaces. Il importe de noter en conclusion qu’aucune méthode de traitement ne peut éliminer complètement les biais causés par les valeurs manquantes et qu’à ce sujet, il serait préférable de prévenir plutôt que de guérir.
The presence of missing answers for some items of a scale of measurement is a phenomenon which any researcher is suitable to meet during his work. Although bias that an inadequate treatment of this non-response can cause are known since nearly 30 years (Rubin, 1976), knowledge of the effectiveness of the various missing values treatment is still very restricted. The present study aims at making knowledge and practices concerning the treatment of the missing values evolve in the context of Likert type scale. The fundamental problem that missing values pose is that it is impossible not to take it into account at the time of the application of a method of statistical analysis, the majority of these methods having been developed to treat matrices of complete data. The models of measurement used in the analysis of Likert type scale data do not escape from this reality. Two models of measurement are studied more in-depth in this project, the classical test model and the Samejima graded model. The main objective of the research undertaken is to evaluate the effectiveness of five missing values treatment, including the multiple imputation method. Moreover, it was aimed to evaluate the impact of the number of subjects, the number of items and the proportion of the missing values on the effectiveness of the methods. The results of this research seem to suggest that the effectiveness of multiple imputation is higher than the other methods, although depending on the model of measurement considered, other simpler methods seem also effective. In conclusion, it is important to note that because no method of treatment can eliminate completely the bias caused by the presence of missing values, it would be preferable to prevent rather than to cure.

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Rousseau, Michel. "L'impact des méthodes de traitement des valeurs manquantes sur les qualités psychométriques d'échelles de mesure de type Likert." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18669.

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La présence de réponses manquantes pour certains items d’une échelle de mesure est un phénomène que tout chercheur est susceptible de rencontrer au cours de ses travaux. Bien que les biais que peut causer un traitement inadéquat de cette non-réponse soient connus depuis près de 30 ans (Rubin, 1976), les connaissances quant à l’efficacité des diverses méthodes de traitement des valeurs manquantes sont encore très restreintes. La présente étude vise à faire évoluer les connaissances et les pratiques concernant le traitement des valeurs manquantes dans le contexte d’utilisation d’échelles de type Likert. Le problème fondamental que posent les valeurs manquantes est qu’il est impossible de ne pas en tenir compte lors de l’application d’une méthode d’analyse statistique. La majorité de ces méthodes ayant été développées pour traiter des matrices de données complètes. Les modèles de mesure utilisés dans le traitement des données issues d’échelles de type Likert n’échappent pas à cette réalité. Deux modèles de mesure sont étudiés plus en profondeur dans ce projet soit, le modèle classique et le modèle gradué de Samejima. La recherche entreprise avait comme objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité de cinq méthodes de traitement des valeurs manquantes, dont la méthode d’imputation multiple. De plus, il était visé d’évaluer l’impact du nombre de sujets, du nombre d’items et de la proportion des valeurs manquantes sur l’efficacité des méthodes. Les résultats issus de cette recherche semblent suggérer que la méthode d’imputation multiple présente une efficacité supérieure aux autres méthodes bien que, tout dépendant du modèle de mesure considéré, d’autres méthodes plus simples semblent aussi efficaces. Il importe de noter en conclusion qu’aucune méthode de traitement ne peut éliminer complètement les biais causés par les valeurs manquantes et qu’à ce sujet, il serait préférable de prévenir plutôt que de guérir.
The presence of missing answers for some items of a scale of measurement is a phenomenon which any researcher is suitable to meet during his work. Although bias that an inadequate treatment of this non-response can cause are known since nearly 30 years (Rubin, 1976), knowledge of the effectiveness of the various missing values treatment is still very restricted. The present study aims at making knowledge and practices concerning the treatment of the missing values evolve in the context of Likert type scale. The fundamental problem that missing values pose is that it is impossible not to take it into account at the time of the application of a method of statistical analysis, the majority of these methods having been developed to treat matrices of complete data. The models of measurement used in the analysis of Likert type scale data do not escape from this reality. Two models of measurement are studied more in-depth in this project, the classical test model and the Samejima graded model. The main objective of the research undertaken is to evaluate the effectiveness of five missing values treatment, including the multiple imputation method. Moreover, it was aimed to evaluate the impact of the number of subjects, the number of items and the proportion of the missing values on the effectiveness of the methods. The results of this research seem to suggest that the effectiveness of multiple imputation is higher than the other methods, although depending on the model of measurement considered, other simpler methods seem also effective. In conclusion, it is important to note that because no method of treatment can eliminate completely the bias caused by the presence of missing values, it would be preferable to prevent rather than to cure.

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Zhang, Xijuan. "Improving the factor structure of psychological scales : the Expanded format as the alternative to the Likert scale format." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54043.

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Many psychological scales written in the Likert format include reverse worded (RW) items in order to control acquiescence bias. However, studies have shown that RW items often contaminate the factor structure of the scale by creating one or more method factors. The present study examines an alternative scale format, called the Expanded format, which replaces each response option in the Likert scale with a full sentence. We hypothesized that this format would result in a cleaner factor structure as compared to the Likert format. We tested this hypothesis on three popular psychological scales: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, the Conscientiousness subscale of the Big Five Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Scales in both formats showed comparable reliabilities and convergent validities. However, scales in the Expanded format had better (i.e., lower and more theoretically defensible) dimensionalities than scales in the Likert format, as assessed by both exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses. We encourage further study and wider use of the Expanded format, particularly when the dimensionality of a scale is of theoretical interest.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate

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Cross, Emily L. "Investigating The Discrepancy Between Theory And Empirical Research In Knowledge Transfer And Innovation." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15925/.

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The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. The literature documents that increasing knowledge transfer can both increase and decrease an organisation's capability to innovate. This study proposes a model that integrates these two theoretical standpoints and in doing so hypothesizes a non-linear (parabolic) relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. Empirical research to date, including the work of Storey and Kelly (2002), document a linear relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. In order to investigate the possibility of a non-linear relationship this study proposes and tests refinements to Storey and Kelly's methodology. A refined survey questionnaire was sent to all the local government councils within two Australian states and both linear and quadratic statistical analyses were performed. The results of this pilot study revealed linear relationships between four of the six knowledge transfer questions and the innovation measurement question. A further refinement to the methodology is recommended before a non-linear relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation is rejected.

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Roos, Göran, and Christopher Hopper. "Valfrihet - gymnasieskolans framtid? En enkätundersökning av lärares och elevers attityder till valfriheten i gymnasieskolan." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-28000.

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Den största förändringen av gymnasieskolan var införandet av en kursutformad gymnasieskola vilket skedde 1994. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur den valfriheten som införandet av den kursutformade gymnasieskolan i upplevs av elever och lärare.Vi har i detta arbete begagnat oss av den s.k. Likert-skala för att kunna mäta elevers och lärares attityder till valfriheten i skolan. Den består av ett antal påståenden som elever och lärare skall instämma i eller ta avstånd från på en femgradig skala. Vi valde att genomföra vår enkätundersökning på totalt fem gymnasieskolor i tre skånska kommuner.Eleverna i undersökningen uttrycker en positiv attityd till valfriheten i dagens gymnasieskola. En majoritet av eleverna utrycker en positiv attityd till att det är lättare att göra bra ifrån sig på en individuell kurs om de själva har valt att läsa den.De kan även tänka sig att utöka sin studiegång med flera valbara kurser, utöver deras obligatoriska 2500 poäng.En majoritet av de tillfrågade lärarna anser att elevernas valfrihet av kurser bidrar till att öka deras engagemang och motivation. Det finns således ett samband mellan valfriheten i skolan och elevers prestationer.
The biggest change in the Swedish school system was the introduction of the course based school in 1994.The purpose with this essay is to find out what pupils and teachers think of the freedom of choice in the course based school.In this essay we have used the so called "Likert-skala" as our method to measure pupils and teachers attitude towards the freedom of choice. It consists of a number of states which the pupils and teachers either agrees or disagrees with on a five graded scale. We chose to conduct our survey in five schools in Skåne. The pupils in the survey had a positive attitude towards the freedom of choice in the school of today. A majority of the pupils expresses a positive attitude towards the state that it is easier to do well if a course has been chosen by them self. They are also willing to consider increasing the total number of self picked courses, in addition to the mandatory 2500 points. A majority of the teachers believes the pupils freedom of choice contributes towards there increasing commitment and motivation. Thus we claim there is a connection between the freedom of choice and the pupils performance in the Swedish school system.

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Bayudan, Kenny Juntilla. "Students' attitude towards mathematics at the University of Évora, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11825.

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Este estudo é uma tentativa de determinar a atitude dos estudantes de primeiro ano, que tiveram como objecto de estudo a matemática no primeiro semestre no ano académico de 13/14 na universidade de Évora, Portugal. Um questionário foi feito, passou por verificações de fiabilidade e validade, e serviu para reunir dados sobre a atitude dos estudantes em relação a matemática tais como a motivação, interesses, compreensão e níveis de ansiedade. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que os alunos de primeiro ano normalmente têm uma atitude positiva em relação à matemática antes de entrarem na universidade. Existe uma forte correlação ente a atitude, motivação e interesse, perceção da competência e nível de ansiedade. Esta avaliação é importante para a universidade e para o seu corpo administrativo pois levanta preocupações sobre o fator aprendizagem. Também ajuda a entender a predisposição dos estudantes para a matemática e ajuda a criar hipóteses de intervenção para ajudar aqueles que tem uma atitude mais negativa em relação ao objecto de estudo; ### Abstract: Students’ Attitude towards Mathematics at the University of Évora, Portugal This study is an attempt to determine the attitude of freshmen students who were taking a math subject in the fall semester of the academic year 2013- 2014 at the University of Évora, Portugal. A questionnaire was developed, which underwent validity and reliability analyses, and used to gather data about students’ attitude towards math and their motivation, interest, perceived competence, and anxiety levels. The results of this research show that freshmen students generally have positive attitude towards mathematics prior to commencing university formation. There is a strong positive correlation between attitude and the motivation and interest, perceived competence and anxiety dimensions. This assessment is important to the university faculty and administration as it raises concern on the affective aspect of learning. It also helps them to understand the disposition of their students in math and create possible means of intervention to help those with a negative attitude towards the subject.

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Mafra, Simone Caldas Tavares. "Elaboração de check list para desenvolvimento de projetos eficientes de cozinhas a partir de mapas mentais e escala likert /." Florianópolis, SC, 1999. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81032.

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Tese (Doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.
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Este trabalho consiste na elaboração de uma proposta de check list para desenvolvimento de projetos eficientes de cozinha. Através de mapas mentais e da escala Likert, metodologias usadas, listou-se variáveis que definem funcionalidade no espaço cozinha para o usuário, o especialista e o autodidata três estratos envolvidos no estudo. As variáveis obtidas foram organizadas por freqüência de citação, sendo utilizadas no check list aquelas que foram consenso entre os três estratos do estudo. Esta preocupação se fez presente pelo fato da literatura referente a processos de elaboração de projetos sinalizarem para uma massificação de necessidades. Isto pode ser exemplificado quando observa-se avanços da tecnologia em todos os segmentos da vida diária, no que se refere ao atendimento das necessidades de conforto e bem-estar do homem. Vê-se, ao contrário, apreensão, incertezas, desconforto, irritabilidade, e falta de identidade, principalmente pelo fato de não serem consideradas as necessidades e valores individuais. A partir destas constatações não se pode continuar a discutir o processo de projeto da forma como é colocado, um processo de criação de necessidade, onde produtos e processos pulverizam-se, abalando a crença na estabilidade. O check list elaborado tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de projetos eficientes, priorizando a funcionalidade como um conceito construído pelos diversos participantes do processo, não permitindo que variáveis técnicas sejam as mais importantes, mas que se tenha a visão de utilidade, eficiência, facilidade de manuseio, da tecnologia, atividade e organização espacial, definindo e direcionando as diferentes decisões que envolvem o processo de elaboração de projetos. Através dos mapas mentais pôde-se concluir que não existe um triângulo de trabalho que explique o consenso dos três estratos, reforçando a hipótese de que cada ambiente terá um leiaute diferenciado em função de quem utiliza o espaço de trabalho. As variáveis obtidas pela escala Likert, direcionaram para a definição de projetos eficientes de cozinha por respeitar as necessidades dos três estratos, quando utilizou-se o consenso dos mesmos, que refletem seus desejos de conforto e identidade com o espaço que vivência no trabalho.

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Fluckinger, Chris D. "Measurement of Big Five Personality via Q-Sort: Comparison with a Likert Measure and Test-Taker Perceptions and Reactions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1279038683.

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Mayer, Diane E., and n/a. "Perceptions of a microteaching program by preservice primary teachers and their university tutors." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060907.133436.

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This thesis reports on the perceptions held by second year preservice primary teachers and their tutors/supervisors of a 1990 microteaching program at a regional university in Queensland. Perceptions were ascertained on (a) the skills addressed, (b) peer and tutor feedback, (c) the self evaluation techniques used, (d) the content level taught, (e) the videotaping of the sessions, and (f) the effectiveness of the program in the continuing development of teaching skills for preservice teachers. Perceptions were collected using a questionnaire designed for the purpose. The questionnaire incorporates fixed response options, for which percentages of those agreeing with each response are presented in tabular form. It also invites open ended responses which are coded according to the areas designated of interest for the study. A Likert type rating scale is used to ascertain opinions on the effectiveness of the program for developing particular classroom teaching skills. Results of the study indicate that for the participants, microteaching is appropriate and effective in helping to provide prospective teachers with experiences that complement practice teaching in schools, but that the actual structure and components of any such program requires some discussion. Analysis indicates a need to vary microteaching programs from those of many traditional approaches based on the early Stanford model. The writer suggests the concept of a teaching-learning laboratory based on a macro teaching skill approach with peers as more appropriate for current preservice teacher education.

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Mokkala, Marianne. "Student satisfaction in tourism education : The case of Dalarna University, Borlänge, Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-17992.

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The students' expectations must be met to ensure their overall satisfaction. Because of this student satisfaction has become a measurement tool with which the universities can compete against each other in order to attract potential students and also a higher level of internal and external funding. This thesis deals with students' overall satisfaction in tourism education at Dalarna University in Sweden. It is important to understand what it takes for the universities to be able to produce a motivated workforce for the communities and how satisfied students could help in achieving this goal. Sweden was selected because of the recent introduction of tuition fees, in 2010, which has made it even more crucial to understand the factors affecting students' satisfaction. The method chosen for conducting this study was a questionnaire where the students of Dalarna University were asked to rate different aspects of their overall experience on a Likert scale. The research was conducted via Facebook and email questionnaire. The results show different levels of satisfaction based on the tourism programmes and gender for example. The major finding from this research implicate that the social conditions and surrounding city categories are the most influential when it comes to the overall satisfaction of students at Dalarna University. The results give the university and the city of Borlänge an insight on issues that really matter to the students and how to improve them.

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FERREIRA, Remo Alves. "Performace das técnicas de geração e sua medição." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/3038.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Técnicas que estimulam a criatividade vêm sendo utilizadas há algum tempo em diversas áreas do conhecimento humano. Na área do design, são empregadas principalmente na concepção de produtos com o intuito de melhorar a interação entre estes produtos e o ser humano. Todavia, pesquisas acerca das possibilidades de aplicação de tais técnicas, denominadas de Técnicas de Geração de Alternativas, ainda são incipientes e passíveis de estudos mais aprofundados. Neste trabalho propomos verificar se tais técnicas podem ser empregadas para equilibrar o potencial criativo de alunos com diferentes níveis de rendimento acadêmico. Foram realizados experimentos em duas turmas de graduação em design em duas instituições de ensino diferentes. Em cada um, os alunos foram divididos em três grupos: alunos de alto rendimento acadêmico, alunos de baixo rendimento e misto, com alunos de alto e de baixo rendimento. Estes experimentos consistiram em sessões para geração de alternativas, onde cada grupo teve de gerar ideias, primeiramente sem o uso de qualquer tipo de técnica e, posteriormente, através da técnica 635. Em seguida, aplicou-se a avaliação das alternativas geradas pelos grupos através de escalas de auto-relato, onde foi possível confrontar as idéias de cada grupo entre si. Concluímos, ao final, que o emprego das Técnicas de Geração de Alternativas confirma-se como uma importante ferramenta de nivelamento a qualidade das idéias geradas por alunos com diferentes rendimentos acadêmicos durante sessões de geração de idéias

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Zani, Kelly Keyth Guimarães. "Análise da percepção das comunidades escolares sobre segurança de trânsito no entorno das escolas do município de São Carlos S.P." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4348.

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The rates of traffic accidents have shown a serious public health issue. The incompatibility between the built environment of cities, the behavior of drivers, the great movement of pedestrians under unsafe conditions, becomes Brazil one of the highest rates of traffic accidents worldwide. Trampling stands as the leading cause of death from accidents involving children from five to ten years old. Often, children at this age are starting school, that´s the point having a window of vulnerability in which both expectations about the demands of adults extrapolate the skills that these children are able to offer, if viewed on condition of pedestrians who are expected mature enough to cross streets safely. It s a huge justification, putting into practice investments researches focused on the preservation and integrity of life of children and teenagers. The school grounds are daily destination for millions of children worldwide, this study tried to identify the perception of groups of people who use the areas surrounding the school, in relation to traffic safety. The opinions were issued through completing questionnaires, using a Likert´s scale guided exclusively for engineering, traffic education and legal effort. This scale is widely used to verify people's opinion for a particular topic, because it requires respondents indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements related to the object of study. The diagnosis of these perceptions can contribute to a better understanding of the school environment, particularly related to traffic safety, offering subsidies to technicians responsible to develop policies, strategies and action plans, aimed at road safety. For purposes didactic only, this paper is divided into six chapters. The first presents the introduction, purpose and structure of the work, the second brings the theoretical explanation and the three "Es" of traffic insurance, the third section describes the scale used for the interpretation of the questionnaires and procedures for analysis of the questionnaires, the fourth shows the importance of the five (5) groups that guided this research, the fifth chapter is flagged with an overview of the schools and the sample size calculation for the analysis of questionnaires and finally the sixth and final chapter presents the conclusions and findings of the research, as well as some recommendations for further research in the area of traffic safety around the school areas.
Os índices de acidentes de trânsito têm se mostrado uma grave questão de saúde pública. A incompatibilidade entre o ambiente construído das cidades, o comportamento dos motoristas, o grande movimento de pedestres sob condições inseguras, faz o Brasil deter um dos mais altos índices de acidentes de trânsito em todo o mundo. O atropelamento se destaca como a principal causa de morte por acidentes envolvendo crianças na faixa etária que oscila entre cinco a dez anos. Frequentemente, as crianças nesta idade estão iniciando a vida escolar, por isso apresentam uma janela de vulnerabilidade na qual tanto as expectativas quanto as demandas dos adultos extrapolam as habilidades que essas crianças têm condições de oferecer, se visualizadas na condição de pedestres de quem se espera maturidade suficiente para realizar uma travessia com segurança. Assim é plenamente justificável, o investimento e a realização de pesquisas com foco na preservação e integridade da vida de crianças e adolescentes. Sendo a área escolar o destino diário de milhões de crianças no mundo todo, este trabalhou procurou identificar a percepção dos grupos de pessoas que utilizam o entorno das áreas escolares, em relação a segurança no trânsito. As opiniões foram emitidas por meio de preenchimento de questionários, utilizando-se a escala de Likert pautado exclusivamente para as áreas de engenharia, educação para o trânsito e esforço legal. Esta escala é amplamente utilizada para se verificar a opinião das pessoas referentes a um determinado tema, pois exige que os entrevistados indiquem um grau de concordância ou discordância, com uma série de afirmações relacionadas ao objeto de estudo. Com o diagnóstico destas percepções é possível contribuir para um maior conhecimento do ambiente escolar, particularmente relacionado à segurança no trânsito, oferecendo subsídios aos técnicos responsáveis na elaboração de políticas, estratégias e planos de ação, voltados à segurança viária. Para efeito meramente didático, este trabalho está dividido em seis capítulos. O primeiro apresenta a introdução, objetivo e estrutura do trabalho, o segundo traz a fundamentação teórica e a explicação dos 3 Es do trânsito seguro, no terceiro capítulo é descrito a escala utilizado para a interpretação dos questionários e os procedimentos de análises dos questionários, o quarto apresenta a importância dos 5 (cinco) grupos que nortearam esta pesquisa, no quinto capítulo é sinalizado com um panorama das escolas e o cálculo amostral para as análises dos questionários e por fim o sexto e último capítulo apresenta as conclusões e resultados da pesquisa, bem como algumas recomendações para novas pesquisas na área de segurança de trânsito no entorno de áreas escolares.

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Silva, Marcos Silveira da. "A qualidade das aulas experimentais no Laboratório de Física. Um estudo de caso na Universidade Federal do Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5535.

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This study aimed to measure the quality perceived by the students who attend classes in experimental physics laboratories of the Federal University of Amazonas, where there was the most important attributes for the students strengths and weaknesses of the Laboratory and the opportunities for improvement. The method used was an exploratory research with case study through questionnaires with the technicians, teachers and students, the latter being in the SERVQUAL model, applying a quali-quantitative analysis, which allowed the evaluation of the attributes of Physics Laboratory. It was concluded that the three classes have a common attribute as the weakest point, which is the amount of materials and equipment, and as a strong point, was obtained for the students, the availability of laboratory and safety to perform the experiments, for technicians, a good knowledge of the instruments and equipment and for the teachers the importance of the participation of technicians in the experimental classes. The results enabled the knowledge of how students perceive the quality of experimental classes and main improvement opportunities to acquire more equipment with new technologies and the purchase and installation of projectors in laboratories.
Este trabalho objetivou medir a qualidade percebida pelos discentes que frequentam as aulas experimentais nos Laboratórios de Física da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, onde se verificou os atributos mais importantes para os alunos, pontos fortes e fracos do Laboratório e as oportunidades de melhorias. O método utilizado foi uma pesquisa exploratória com estudo de caso através de questionários com os Técnicos, Professores e Alunos, sendo este último no modelo SERVQUAL, com aplicação de uma análise quali-quantitativa, que possibilitou a avaliação dos atributos do Laboratório de Física. Concluiu-se que as três classes tiveram um atributo comum como ponto mais fraco, sendo este a quantidade de materiais e equipamentos, e como ponto forte, obteve-se, para os discentes, a disponibilidade do Laboratório e a segurança para realizar os experimentos, para os Técnicos, um bom conhecimento sobre os instrumentos e equipamentos e para os Professores a importância da participação dos Técnicos durante as aulas experimentais. Os resultados obtidos possibilitaram o conhecimento de como os alunos percebem a qualidade das aulas experimentais e como principais oportunidades de melhorias a aquisição de mais equipamentos com novas tecnologias e aquisição e instalação de projetores nos Laboratórios

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Alves, Ricardo Cavalcanti. "Análise empírica sobre a gestão e a avaliação de marcas em empresas brasileiras." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/894.

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Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
In the last decades the world has seen great dissemination of powerful brands, local and world-known, not infrequently assessed in billions of dollars, leading to massive sales of products and services associated with them. And in that context it is clear the impact of the intrinsic value of the intangible assets brand of companies in mergers and acquisitions.Nowadays, it has been clear that a Company valuation has a relevant amount related to intangible assets and, among these, brands have significant importance. This study aimed to investigate what is the general perception, the control method and the valuation of brands on companies operating in Brazil, by gathering information about the companies where students and recent graduates of post-graduate in business administration related courses used to work.Thus, from the sample group of 134 companies operating in Brazil, were extracted details of five dimensions of brand: awareness about its importance, financial valuation of the brand,accounting recognition of brand value, management of this intangible asset and its use as a tactical and strategic performance ratio. The methodology used was a survey that, from statistical tests Chi-square Pearson test led to the conclusion that there is no significant relationship between the fact that companies sell products and services and aspects relating to each of the five dimensions studied. Other variables statistically compared by using the chisquare test meant for the sample companies, among other findings, the significant correlation between large companies and the fact that companies evaluate brands or negotiate them. Also, the study took into account the criteria of attitude scores of respondents based on the Likert scale. The resulting data reveal that the brands are still in need of greater attention from companies. It is a minority in the sample studied the incidence of financial valuation of the brand, as well as the proper focus on accounting and management reports. Internal control over brand management and variable compensation system based on ratios of the brand,though present, such items were observed in low intensity in the sample companies.
Nas últimas décadas o mundo tem assistido à grande proliferação de marcas poderosas, local e mundialmente conhecidas, avaliadas não raramente em bilhões de dólares, levando a vendas em massa de produtos e serviços a elas associadas. E nesse contexto é notório o impacto do valor intrínseco do ativo intangível marca no valor das empresas em movimentos de fusões e aquisições. Hoje sabe-se que um valuation conta com parte relevante de seu montante relacionado a ativos intangíveis e, entre tais, as marcas possuem significativo destaque. Este trabalho objetivou investigar qual é a percepção geral, o método de controle e a avaliação das marcas em companhias em operação no Brasil, a partir de levantamento de informações sobre as empresas em que trabalhavam estudantes e recém egressos de cursos de pós-graduação profissional em áreas ligadas à administração de negócios. Assim, da amostra pesquisada de 134 companhias atuantes no país, foram extraídos detalhes de cinco dimensões da marca:percepção sobre sua importância, avaliação financeira, reconhecimento contábil de seu valor,gestão desse ativo intangível e de seu uso como indicador de performance tática e estratégica. A metodologia utilizada foi um levantamento (ou survey) que, a partir de testes estatísticos qui-quadrado de Pearson , permitiu a constatação de que não há relacionamento significativo entre o fato das empresas comercializarem produtos e serviços e aspectos ligados a cada uma das cinco dimensões estudadas. Outras variáveis comparadas estatisticamente pelo teste de qui-quadrado resultaram para as companhias da amostra, entre outras constatações, a significativa correlação entre as empresas de grande porte e o fato das empresas avaliarem marcas ou as negociarem. O estudo também levou em conta o critério de escores de atitudes dos respondentes baseado na escala Likert. Os dados resultantes revelam que as marcas carecem ainda de maior atenção por parte das empresas. É minoritária na amostra estudada a incidência de avaliação financeira da marca, assim como o devido enfoque em relatórios contábeis e gerenciais. Os controles internos de gestão da marca e o sistema de remuneração variável baseado em indicadores da marca, embora existam, mostraram-se itens pouco observados nas companhias da amostra.

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Capuano, Ana W. "Constrained ordinal models with application in occupational and environmental health." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2450.

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Occupational and environmental epidemiological studies often involve ordinal data, including antibody titer data, indicators of health perceptions, and certain psychometrics. Ideally, such data should be analyzed using approaches that exploit the ordinal nature of the scale, while making a minimum of assumptions. In this work, we first review and illustrate the analytical technique of ordinal logistic regression called the "proportional odds model". This model, which is based on a constrained ordinal model, is considered the most popular ordinal model. We use hypothetical data to illustrate a situation where the proportional odds model holds exactly, and we demonstrate through derivations and simulations how using this model has better statistical power than simple logistic regression. The section concludes with an example illustrating the use of the model in avian and swine influenza research. In the middle section of this work, we show how the proportional model assumption can be relaxed to a less restrictive model called the "trend odds model". We demonstrate how this model is related to latent logistic, normal, and exponential distributions. In particular, scale changes in these potential latent distributions are found to be consistent with the trend odds assumption, with the logistic and exponential distributions having odds that increase in a linear or nearly linear fashion. Actual data of antibody titer against avian and swine influenza among occupationally- exposed participants and non-exposed controls illustrate the fit and interpretation of the proportional odds model and the trend odds model. Finally, we show how to perform a multivariable analysis in which some of the variables meet the proportional model assumption and some meet the trend odds assumption. Likert-scaled data pertaining to violence among middle school students illustrate the fit and interpretation of the multivariable proportional-trend odds model. In conclusion, the proportional odds model provides superior power compared to models that employ arbitrary dichotomization of ordinal data. In addition, the added complexity of the trend odds model provides improved power over the proportional odds model when there are moderate to severe departures from proportionality. The increase in power is of great public health relevance in a time of increasingly scarce resources for occupational and environmental health research. The trend odds model indicates and tests the presence of a trend in odds, providing a new dimension to risk factors and disease etiology analyses. In addition to applications demonstrated in this work, other research areas in occupational and environmental health can benefit from the use of these methods. For example, worker fatigue is often self-reported using ordinal scales, and traumatic brain injury recovery is measured using recovery scores such as the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS).

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茉莉子, 髙岸, 高岸茉莉子, and Mariko Takagishi. "Clustering and visualization for enhancing interpretation of categorical data." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13112135/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13112135/?lang=0.

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本論文では大規模カテゴリカルデータのデータ解釈の場面で生じる問題を考えた．データが大規模な場合，クラスター分析や視覚化などで，データの潜在的な構造を調べる方法が有用とされるが，対象ごとにカテゴリの解釈が異なったり，同じ属性でも回答傾向が異なったりすると解釈が複雑になる．本論文ではそのように既存手法をシンプルに適用するのでは解釈が難しいようなデータに対して，よりわかりやすい解釈をするための手法を開発した．
Large-scale categorical data are often obtained in various fields. As an interpretation of large-scale data tends to be complicated, methods to capture the latent structure in data, such as a cluster analysis and a visualization method are often used to make data more interpretable. However, there are some situations where these methods failed to capture the latent structure that is interpretable (e.g., interpretation of categories by each respondent is different). Therefore in this paper, two problems that often occur in large-scale categorical data analysis is considered, and new methods to address these issues are proposed.
博士(文化情報学)
Doctor of Culture and Information Science
同志社大学
Doshisha University

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Reeder, Christina. "Analysis of Students' Knowledge, Perceptions, and Interest in Engineering Post Teacher Participation in a National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Experience for Teachers (RET) Professional Development." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc955105/.

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This study examined the impact of the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Teachers (RET) in engineering at University of North Texas on students after their teachers' participation in the program. Students were evaluated in terms of self-efficacy, knowledge of engineering, perceptions of engineering, and interest in engineering. A 22-item Likert pre/post survey was used for analysis, and participants included 589 students from six high schools, one middle school, and one magnet school. Paired surveys were analyzed to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in attitudes and knowledge after teachers implemented lessons from their time at the RET. Surveys were also analyzed to determine if there was a statistically significant difference in student response based on gender or student school type. Results showed no statistically significant difference in the self-efficacy of students, however there was a statistically significant difference in knowledge, perceptions, and interest in engineering. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between genders on an isolated question, and seven out of the 22 Likert questions showed a statistically significant difference between student school types.

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Gomes, Martin Luiz. "Diferenças entre a gestão dos oficiais da Brigada Militar e a dos delegados de polícia segundo modelo de administração autoritário e participativo definido por Likert." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2037.

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A modernidade exige a evolução das Polícias Estaduais, principalmente em relação a aspectos que melhor beneficiem a sociedade, considerando-se os vetores da economia, da execução completa de atividades e de um sistema de administração mais qualificado. As Polícias Militares e as Civis requerem formas de gestão que melhor qualifiquem as relações internas e externas, em busca da racionalização e da eficiência. A par disso, é fundamental que as ações policiais se desenvolvam com estrito respeito à Constituição e às leis. Para o desenvolvimento desse tema, o autor examinou a legislação nacional e estadual referente à Segurança Pública, bem como teorias de administração e, em especial, os sistemas de administração definidos por LIKERT. A pesquisa utilizou metodologia qualificativa e quantitativa. A primeira foi usada para o tratamento dos dados coletados nas questões fechadas e, a Segunda, para a análise das palavras citadas. O instrumento utilizado para a coleta de dados foi um questionário contendo 51 (cinqüenta e uma) questões objetivas e 3 (três) questões abertas, tendo sido aplicado a 201 (duzentos e um) servidores, dos quais 74 (setenta e quatro) policiais civis e 124 (cento e vinte e quatro) policiais militares. A pesquisa quantitativa concluiu que os oficiais da Brigada Militar e os delegados da Polícia Civil exercem uma chefia identificada pelo sistema de Likert como sendo autoritária-benévola. Não houve diferença significativa entre as médias de percepção dos servidores da PC e da BM sobre os sistemas de chefia existentes ou idealizados. Ficou identificado que o sistema praticado (real) pela chefia é significativamente diferente do idealizado (ideal) pelos servidores da PC ou da BM. A análise qualitativa confirmou os resultados, permitindo identificar que, nas citações de palavras qualificadoras sobre o chefe, o enfoque com o maior percentual de freqüência foi autoritária, com 78% (setenta e oito por cento) das palavras citadas por PMs ou PCs, contra 22% (vinte e dois por cento) do sistema dito participativo.

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Dang, Thi Quynh Huong. "Development and validation of an instrument to measure epistemic beliefs and attitudes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20220/document.

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Cette recherche a consisté en le développement et la validation d'outils psychométriques servant à mesurer chez les étudiants une évolution dans les croyances épistémiques (c.-à-d. les croyances concernant les sciences, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage) et les attitudes épistémiques (c.-à-d. les conceptions, affects et valeurs envers des objets épistémiques comme la connaissance ou le savoir scientifique). Les valeurs et affects sont d'une importance primordiale dans l'éducation épistémologique, comme le sont les croyances ou les valeurs. Toutefois, ils semblent souvent négligés dans les approches pédagogiques ou dans la recherche. De plus, avant la présente recherche, il n'y avait pas d'instrument quantitatif fiable adapté au contexte français pour mesurer les croyances envers les sciences, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. Pour ces raisons, nous avons développé dans la langue française un Questionnaire sur les Attitudes et les Croyances Epistémiques (QACE ou EBAI en anglais pour Epistemic Beliefs and Attitudes Inventory), qui est composé d'échelles de Likert et de différentiateurs sémantiques. Nous avons mené trois études. La première (Study 1) a été menée en France auprès de 283 étudiants pour explorer la structure de la première version du QACE (QACE1). Ensuite, cette version été utilisée pour évaluer l'impact de deux modules d'épistémologie sur les populations d'étudiants concernées. Les résultats ont indiqué une bonne consistance interne des échelles et leur capacité à mesurer des changements significatifs dans les attitudes et croyances épistémiques des étudiants. Dans une deuxième étude menée au Vietnam, nous avons examiné les propriétés psychométriques d'une traduction vietnamienne du QACE1 auprès de 228 étudiants ou professeurs (Study 2). Un résultat marquant est que les différentiateurs sémantiques se sont révélé être des outils novateurs simples et prometteurs pour mesurer les attitudes et croyances épistémiques. Cela peut être expliqué par leur robustesse psychométrique, leur forte sensibilité pour discriminer entre les groupes et la facilité avec laquelle on peut les adapter dans une autre culture. Troisièmement, la version préliminaire de l'instrument a été améliorée. Nous avons ensuite conduit en France une étude de validation de cette nouvelle version (QACE2) après de 729 étudiants (Study 3). Plusieurs construits théoriquement apparentés (comme le Epistemological Beliefs Inventory de Schraw et al., 2002; le Cognitive Complexity Indicator indiquant les position de Perry à partir du questionnaire Learning Environment Preferences de Moore, 1989; et l'échelle de dogmatisme de Shearman & Levine, 2006) ont été utilisés pour établir la validité du QACE2. Les résultats de la validation croisée sur les moitiés d'échantillons et de la fiabilité test-retest ont mis en évidence que le QACE2 est un outil fiable, stable et valide pour mesurer les croyances et attitudes épistémiques. Cette recherche a ouvert de nombreuses perspectives concernant, notamment, la vérification de la capacité du QACE2 à mesurer l'impact de modules d'épistémologie, la vérification de son adaptation à d'autres contextes francophones ou encore l'utilisation potentielle des différentiateurs sémantiques pour les recherches interculturelles sur l'épistémologie personnelle
This research has focused on developing and validating psychometric tools to measure changes in university students' epistemic beliefs (i.e., beliefs about science, teaching, and learning) and epistemic attitudes (i.e., conceptions, affects, and values towards epistemic objects e.g., knowledge, scientific knowledge). Epistemic affects and values are of primary importance in epistemological education, as epistemic beliefs or conceptions do. However they seem to be often neglected in the pedagogical and research approaches. Moreover, before the present research, there was no reliable quantitative instrument to measure beliefs about science, learning and teaching specifically adapted to the French context. For these reasons, we developed the Epistemic Beliefs and Attitudes Inventory (EBAI), a set of Likert-type and semantic differential scales. We conducted three studies. The first study (Study 1) was conducted in France on 283 university students to explore the structure of the first version of the EBAI (EBAI1). The EBAI1 has then been used to evaluate the impact of two scientific epistemology related modules on the corresponding two students' populations. Results indicated robust internal consistencies of the scales and their ability to measure changes in students' epistemic beliefs and attitudes. In a second study, we preliminarily examined the psychometric properties of a Vietnamese translation of the EBAI1 in Vietnam with 228 participants, university students and teachers (Study 2). The results unravelled inadequacies of some scales to the Vietnamese context. One striking result is that the semantic differential scales appeared to be promising innovative and simple tools to measure epidemic attitudes and epistemic beliefs. We explain that by their strong psychometric properties, their high sensitivity in group discrimination, and the easiness to adapt them to another culture. Thirdly, the preliminary version of the instrument was revised for improvement and strengthening. We then conducted, in France, a validation study of this new version (EBAI2) among 729 students (Study 3). Several theoretically related constructs (e.g., general epistemological beliefs measured by the Epistemological Beliefs Inventory, Schraw et al., 2002; Cognitive Complexity Indicator indicating Perry's positions measured by the Learning Environment Preferences, Moore, 1989; and dogmatism measured by the Dogmatism Scale, Shearman & Levine, 2006) were used to establish the construct validity of the updated instrument (EBAI2). Results of double-split cross-validation and test-retest reliability showed a high reliability and temporal stability of the EBAI2. In summary, the findings supported that the EBAI2 is a reliable, stable and valid tool to measure epistemic beliefs and attitudes. This research opened many perspectives such as, for instance, checking for the EBAI2 ability to measure the impact of scientific epistemology related modules, checking for its adaptation to other francophone contexts, or using semantic differentials for cross-cultural researches in personal epistemology

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Lindqvist, Sheila. "Evaluation of User Interface to Improve Documentation within the Elderly Care System." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98503.

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The usability of a software product is dependent on the end-user and the context of use. Having a user-friendly user interface that is appealing and easy to learn and use is essential for improved human productivity. However, this is not always the case. For instance, the computer-based documentation system Siebel used within the elderly care system; is perceived by most nursing assistants as complicated. The goal here is to evaluate the usability of the system's user interface, applying the usability metrics stated in the ISO/IEC-9126-1 standards to quantify the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of Siebel’s documentation system. A prototype user interface was developed for comparison with the current system. Likert-scale five-point scale; System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaires were used to measure User satisfaction. The results mirrored that the participants preferred the newly developed prototype user interface to the existing user interface

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Providelo, Janice Kirner. "Nível de serviço para bicicletas: um estudo de caso nas cidades de São Carlos e Rio Claro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4182.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
This research attempted to study the issue of assessing the level of service for bicycles in Brazilian cities, with the ultimate aim of developing a bicycle level of service model that can be used in medium-sized Brazilian cities. The methodology used for model development began with the identification of attributes that can be used to describe the level of service for bicycles, followed by assessing the perceptions of individuals about the importance of the attributes. Among the methods available to measure the perceptions of individuals about the roadway characteristics related to bicycle transportation, it was chosen to use simulations (video based evaluation). The video was produced through a system in which a portable video camera was attached to the bicycle stern. To compensate for the exclusion of some attributes that could not be assessed through video (such as the sensation of heat, the cost of the bicycle, the health benefits, etc) the simulation method was combined with another method of perception analysis: questionnaires formulated based on the Likert scale. Data collection was performed in a case study in the cities of São Carlos and Rio Claro (São Paulo state), in several educational facilities. In total, 451 questionnaires were administered, 60 in the city of Rio Claro and the rest of them in the city of São Carlos. The results of field study were analyzed through methods of descriptive statistics and correlations, producing the following studies: questionnaires results, classification of participants into types of cyclists, the definition of a scale of acceptability to bicycle use and classification of participants in groups, according to this scale. The Bicycle Level of Service Model was calibrated using the FLOW variable, defined as the volume of motor vehicles divided by the effective width of the road, and the level of service grades resulting from the participants evaluation. The model was validated through cross-validation methodology. The model development resulted in a graphic that can be used to determine the probability of perceived level of service for flow values found on roadways. It was considered that the study reached its primary goal, providing a Bicycle Level of Service Model that can be used in medium-sized Brazilian cities.
A presente pesquisa buscou estudar o tema da avaliação do nível de serviço para bicicletas em cidades brasileiras, com o objetivo principal de desenvolver um modelo de nível de serviço para bicicletas possível de ser utilizado em cidades brasileiras de porte médio. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do modelo teve início com a identificação dos atributos que podem ser utilizados para descrever o nível de serviço para bicicletas, seguida pela avaliação da percepção de indivíduos sobre a importância dos atributos. Dentre os métodos disponíveis para medir a percepção dos indivíduos sobre as características viárias relacionadas ao transporte cicloviário, definiu-se pela realização de simulações, ou seja, avaliação com base em vídeo. O vídeo foi elaborado por meio de um sistema no qual uma câmera de vídeo portátil foi acoplada ao guidão da bicicleta. Para compensar a exclusão de alguns atributos que não podem ser avaliados através do vídeo (como a sensação de calor, o custo da bicicleta, os benefícios para a saúde, etc.), o método da simulação foi combinado com outro método de análise da percepção: questionários formulados com base na escala Likert. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um estudo de caso nas cidades paulistas de São Carlos e Rio Claro, em diversas instituições de ensino. No total, 451 questionários foram aplicados, sendo 60 na cidade de Rio Claro e o restante na cidade de São Carlos. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo foram analisados através de métodos de análise estatística descritiva e correlacional, produzindo os seguintes estudos: resultados dos questionários; classificação dos participantes em tipos de ciclistas; definição de uma escala de aceitabilidade ao uso da bicicleta e a classificação dos participantes em grupos, de acordo com esta escala. O Modelo de Nível de Serviço para Bicicletas foi calibrado utilizando-se a variável FLUXO, definida como o volume de veículos motorizados dividido pela largura efetiva da via, e as medidas de nível de serviço provenientes da avaliação realizada pelos participantes da pesquisa. O modelo foi validado através da metodologia da validação cruzada. O desenvolvimento do modelo resultou em um gráfico que pode ser utilizado para determinar a probabilidade da percepção de nível de serviço para valores de fluxo encontrados nas vias. Considera-se que a pesquisa atingiu o seu objetivo principal, fornecendo um Modelo de Nível de Serviço para Bicicletas que pode ser utilizado em cidades brasileiras de porte médio.

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DeAngelo, Angela. "Orientation Instructors and Undecided Students' Perceptions of Course Objectives." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1083072363.

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Thesis (M.E.)--University of Toledo, 2004.
Typescript. "A thesis [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Education degree in Higher Eduction." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69).

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Björck, Ville. "Induction and Commitment : A discursive psychological analysis of Nynas’ Induction Program and its influence on employee’s commitment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161317.

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Abstract In accordance with several scholars in the field of human resource management, developing employee commitment towards the employing organization is valuable due to the assumption that it increases their satisfaction, productivity and adaptability. By taking a pedagogical perspective focusing on impact processes, the aim of this master thesis is primarily to identify the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires, of a few employees, in their descriptions of how the experience of Nynas’ Corporate Group Induction has influenced their commitment to Nynas, but also to categorize the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires in a booklet underlined during the Corporate Group Induction, which I refer to as “This is Nynas”. In addition, the aim is to identify if other employees at Nynas share similar experiences, regarding the influence of the Corporate Group Induction. Moreover, the primary methodological approach used and theoretical perspective taken in this study is discursive psychology, based upon the premises of social constructionism. The empirical material is mainly consisting of interviews with six employees at Nynas, as well as of an analysis of the booklet “This is Nynas”. Additionally, the empirical material consists of a web-survey, based upon a five-point Likert scale, containing a sample of 25 employees. The study has identified two main interpretive repertoires in the booklet “This is Nynas”, explicitly the identity and the internalize repertoires, as well as subversions of these repertoires. In relation to this, the study has found that the interviewees in their language use to a large extent emphasize the interpretive repertoires constructed in “This is Nynas”. Furthermore, this master thesis have identified that the interviewees constructed certain interpretive repertoires when describing the experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment to Nynas, namely: the enhancement, the involvement, the development, the reciprocity and the constancy repertoires. Moreover, the study illustrates that the interviewees generally highlighted the Corporate Group Induction as having a strengthening influence on their commitment to Nynas, especially in relation to feelings of being a part of the company, due to the fact that they experienced themselves as active participants during the program. Furthermore, the result shows that the interviewees perceived the Corporate Group Induction as a sign of reciprocal dedication between themselves and Nynas, particularly on the subject of their integration into the company. Finally, the study has found that the experience of those who participated in the survey corresponded to a high extent with the interviewee’s experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment. Keywords: induction program, Corporate Group Induction, social constructionism, discourse analysis, discursive psychology, discursively constructed, reflexivity, commitment, affective, continuance, normative, Likert scale, late modernity, strategic sampling.

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Korn, Ann. "To Bend but Not Break: Adult Views on Resilience." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1418502645.

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Wendemagegnehu, Taleyihun Tadese. "The influence of social media on the travel decisionmaking behavior of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland : The case of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37697.

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The impact of international mobility and globalization on universities has led to a greater need for students. Thus, throughout students stay in their destinatio ncountry, prospective students access a variety of sources of information and make simultaneous decisions about where to travel; decision making is required at everystage of the travel process (pre-travel, during travel, and post travel). Previous to the advent of social media dominate traditional sources of information, such as print media, educational fairs and university websites. The social media websites such as social networking (Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn,), microblogging (Twitter,Tumblr), photo sharing (Snapchat, Instagram, Pinterest), Video sharing (YouTube,Facebook Live, Periscope, Vimeo) become an alternative source of university information as many young people and students engage, work and participate in this online community. The purpose of this thesis is to research the influence of social media on the decision-making process of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland, as well as how other factors (such as others’ comments, replies, and tour reviews) influence the process of their travel decision making. The data collection tool was a survey that included demographic questions, closed ended questions, multiple choice questions, a rating scale (Likert 5 scale model), and a few open-ended questions. The survey questionnaire was completed by 137 international students. The study's findings indicate that social media has a sizable influence and role as a source of information for Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland at every stage of their travel decisionmaking process, and that other factors (such as others' comments, replies, and tourreviews) influenced their decision-making process as well. Overall, this study helps to gather insights into Ethiopian educational tourists' decision-making behavior in Poland. Due to the fact that the research will contribute cross-national knowledge about educational tourists' behavior during the travel decision-making process in a destination, it will have a significant impact on promoting domestic travel and tourism in Poland.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Likert'

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