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Brittin, Ruth V. "Comparing Continuous versus Static Measurements in Music Listeners' Preferences." Journal of Research in Music Education 43, no. 1 (April 1995): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3345790.
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In this investigation, we compared listeners' preferential ratings of art music, derived by conventional static ratings taken through 10-point Likert-type scales, and continuous ratings taken throughout the duration of each excerpt with a Continuous Response Digital Interface (CRDI). Music majors (n = 100) and non-music majors (n − 100) rated twelve excerpts of Western art music, including three substyles (Baroque, Romantic, and 20th-century) and three performance media (strings, keyboard, and winds). Music majors' preference ratings were significantly higher than were nonmusic majors' preference ratings. Although no significant effect was found due to using the CRDI or static rating scale, there was a significant interaction between type of measurement and major. Music majors' static and continuous ratings were similar; however, nonmusic majors' continuous ratings were noticeably higher than were static ratings. Nonmusic majors using the CRDI averaged almost one Likert-scale rating higher than those using the static measure.
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Woods-Groves, Suzanne, Ronald C. Eaves, and Thomas O. Williams. "Internal Consistency of the Human Behavior Rating Scale." Psychological Reports 105, no. 3 (December 2009): 835–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.3.835-848.
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The internal consistency of the Human Behavior Rating Scale (HBRS) was investigated. The 91-item Likert-type scale is designed to measure five dimensions: persistence, curiosity, externalizing affect, internalizing affect, and cognition. It is used as a research tool to investigate the tenets of Eaves' 1993 integrated theory of human behavior. Three separate sampling plans were employed. Teachers and nonteachers completed Human Behavior Rating Scale ratings of children ranging in age from 5 to 18 years old. Cronbach coefficients alpha were reported by sex, grade, or age for the three samples. Of the 185 reported alpha coefficients, 175 were at or above .90, while 10 had values between .80 and .89.
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Tóth, Zsuzsanna E., Gábor Árva, and Rita V. Dénes. "Are the ‘Illnesses’ of Traditional Likert Scales Treatable?" Quality Innovation Prosperity 24, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.12776/qip.v24i2.1439.
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<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The main aim of this paper is to introduce the development and the application of a fuzzy rating scale in measuring customer satisfaction which are to be demonstrated through a healthcare example in order to illustrate how the proposed methodology is able to enhance the reliability of traditional Likert scale-based evaluations.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The proposed methodology is built on fuzzy sets the membership function of which is composed of two sigmoid functions by applying Dombi’s conjunction operator. The possible ‘values’ of the linguistic variable expressing customer satisfaction are to be expressed by these functions which can also be linked to the level of organizational performance allowing the illustration of the mainly nonlinear relationship between the provided and perceived service performance.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> The application of the proposed fuzzy rating scale confirms its ability to reflect the unambiguity of human ratings as well as the context-dependency of ratings resulting in a more precise representation of human judgements.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The presented methodology may be viewed as a viable approach in any kind of service quality evaluations where Likert-type scales are traditionally applied to handle its weaknesses.</p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The proposed methodology is not only able to reflect the satisfaction of customers and the organizational performance simultaneously, but the expectations of customers related to the desired level of performance can also be incorporated into the establishment of the scale yielding to more reliably supported managerial decisions.
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Park, Minjeong, and Amery D. Wu. "Item Response Tree Models to Investigate Acquiescence and Extreme Response Styles in Likert-Type Rating Scales." Educational and Psychological Measurement 79, no. 5 (February 15, 2019): 911–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164419829855.
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Item response tree (IRTree) models are recently introduced as an approach to modeling response data from Likert-type rating scales. IRTree models are particularly useful to capture a variety of individuals’ behaviors involving in item responding. This study employed IRTree models to investigate response styles, which are individuals’ tendencies to prefer or avoid certain response categories in a rating scale. Specifically, we introduced two types of IRTree models, descriptive and explanatory models, perceived under a larger modeling framework, called explanatory item response models, proposed by De Boeck and Wilson. This extends the typical application of IRTree models for studying response styles. As a demonstration, we applied the descriptive and explanatory IRTree models to examine acquiescence and extreme response styles in Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale. Our findings suggested the presence of two distinct extreme response styles and acquiescence response style in the scale.
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Cowley, Jennifer A., and Heather Youngblood. "Subjective Response Differences between Visual Analogue, Ordinal and Hybrid Response Scales." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 25 (October 2009): 1883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905302506.
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The Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) discipline employs different subjective response scale formats to measure subjective phenomena (e.g., hazard perception). Per the psychometrics literature, different scale formats can yield different participant responses, which is a potential threat to validity in replication studies if response scales are not consistent across study iterations. If ordinal response scales (e.g., Likert scales) yield ordinal data and continuous response scales (e.g., Visual Analogue Scales) yield continuous data then it is inappropriate to substitute one response scale for the other if they potentially yield different responses for the same question. The current research compared mean participant ratings for the same question on VAS, Likert and Hybrid response scales and found that VAS scales had significantly lower mean ratings than Likert and Hybrid response scales. Two scale features, the number of anchors (5 or 9) and the scale length (10.0cm and 19.2cm), were varied and no significant main effects or interactions resulted. In conclusion, scale types, not scale features, produced significant mean participant rating differences. To support the validity of replication research, this paper also provided a response scale taxonomy based on the scale features studied herein, that can be used to classify and report different response scales. Implications for these results and future research directions are discussed.
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Ponnusamy, Vellapandian, Michelle Guerrero, and Jeffrey J. Martin. "Perceived Importance of Selected Psychological Strategies Among Elite Malaysian Athletes." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2017-0001.
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Elite Malaysian athletes (N = 179) from integrated and segregated sports rated the perceived importance of eight psychological strategies for improving performance using two different response format methods, a Likert rating scale and forced-choice. A forced-choice procedure produced better discrimination among the skills than a Likert rating scale procedure. We also found that the ratings of importance differed as a function of sport type and gender. Specifically, athletes in integrated sports placed more importance on setting team goals and clarifying roles/responsibilities compared to athletes in segregated sports. At the same time, participants in segregated sports viewed setting personal goals, psych-up strategies, and imagery as more important for performance than those in integrated sports. Significant interaction effects indicated that, within segregated sports, females rated positive self-talk higher than males, but communication skills were rated higher by males than by females.
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Tanzer, Norbert K. "Cross-Cultural Bias in Likert-Type Inventories: Perfect Matching Factor Structures and Still Biased?" European Journal of Psychological Assessment 11, no. 3 (September 1995): 194–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.11.3.194.
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The academic self-concept, measured by the Reading self-concept scale and the Math self-concept scale of the “Self-Description-Questionnaire I” (SDQ-I; Marsh, 1988 ), of Singaporean Chinese sixth-graders (600 boys and 600 girls) was compared to those of a sample of 1200 Australian students of the same age and gender composition drawn from the SDQ-I calibration sample. As the Singaporeans were fluent in English, the original English scale was used so as to avoid possible translation bias. Each scale consists of four interest items, two competence items, and two task-easiness items. Subjects answered all items on a five-point rating scale ranging from “false” to “true.” Although the factor structure of the Singaporean Chinese resembled closely those of their Australian counterparts, substantial cross-cultural bias emerged between interest items and competence/easiness items when treated as a single scale. This is because Singaporean students as compared to the Australians were more reluctant to agree to items with self-praise connotation. In addition, cross-cultural differences were found in the psychological meaning of the rating categories.
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Smith, Bret P., and Gail V. Barnes. "Development and Validation of an Orchestra Performance Rating Scale." Journal of Research in Music Education 55, no. 3 (October 2007): 268–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002242940705500307.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a factor-derived measure of orchestra performance achievement and to test its validity and reliability for the evaluation of secondary school orchestras. We assembled a pool of 49 statements used in evaluating middle and high school orchestra performance, paired them with a 9-point Likert-type scale, and asked 63 experienced orchestra teachers to evaluate 63 secondary school orchestras. Factor analyses on data from the 189 completed rating sheets identified seven factors: Ensemble, Left Hand, Position, Rhythm, Tempo, Presentation, and Bow. For the reduced scale, we chose 25 items with factor loadings greater than . 64, which showed Cronbach's alphas ranging from . 73 to . 91. Two rounds of validation showed high correlations with MENC's adjudication form and a ranking task; the initial factor structure was not exactly duplicated, indicating directions for future research.
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Petscher, Yaacov, and Steven I. Pfeiffer. "Reconsidering the Psychometrics of the GRS-S: Evidence for Parsimony in Measurement." Assessment for Effective Intervention 46, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508418824743.
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The authors evaluated measurement-level, factor-level, item-level, and scale-level revisions to the Gifted Rating Scales–School Form (GRS-S). Measurement-level considerations tested the extent to which treating the Likert-type scale rating as categorical or continuous produced different fit across unidimensional, correlated trait, and bifactor latent factor structures. Item- and scale-level analyses demonstrated that the GRS-S could be reduced from a 72-item assessment on a 9-point rating scale down to a 30-item assessment on a 3-point rating scale. Reliability from the reduced assessment was high (ω > .95). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve comparisons between the original and reduced versions of the GRS-S showed that diagnostic accuracy (i.e., area under the curve) of the scales was comparable when considering cut scores of 120, 125, and 130 on the WISC-IV Full Scale ( Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Child–Fourth Edition) and verbal IQ and the WIAT-III (Wechsler Individual Achievement Test–Third Edition) composite score. The findings suggest that a brief form of the GRS-S can be used as a universal or selective screener for giftedness without sacrificing key psychometric considerations.
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Viljoen, Marianne. "Constructing Homogeneous Likert-Type Summative Rating Scales According to Classical Measurement Theory." Journal of Social Sciences 43, no. 2 (May 2015): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2015.11893431.
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Tian, Yi, Li Wang, Yan Xu, and Zhuang He. "The Development of Chinese Version of Transcultural Nursing Self-Efficiency Scale: Using Rasch Model Analysis." Journal of Transcultural Nursing 32, no. 1 (January 7, 2020): 30–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043659619896827.
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Introduction: With the huge advances of globalization and urbanization, the nursing services in China are meeting the challenge of varied culture-specific needs in practices. Tools to measure transcultural sensitivity thus has great value in promoting transcultural nursing practices. Method: The Chinese version of Transcultural Nursing Self-Efficacy Scale (TSET-CV) was translated and validated with a sample of 2,346 nurses in China. Utilizing the analytical framework of the rating scale model, each item of the three subscales, namely the cognitive, practical, and effect subscale, was analyzed in terms of item analysis, item fitting, difficulty, reliability, item function, and validity. Results: The analysis suggested that 5-point Likert-type scale was more suitable than the 10-point Likert-type scale originally used. Item 27 and Item 79 showed deficient properties, which was deleted in the TSET-CV. The most accurate ranges measured by the TSET-CV matched the range of the distribution of the subjects’ ability. Discussion: Unlike the classical test theory, the rating scale model based on the Rasch’s model can provide sample-independent psychometric properties of items. The revised TSET-CV has great potential in diagnosing deficiency among nursing student in transcultural self-efficiency, which can promote the development of corresponding education strategies.
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Martínez, Jose A., and Manuel Ruiz Marín. "D-test: A New Test for Analyzing Scale Invariance Using Symbolic Dynamics and Symbolic Entropy." Methodology 7, no. 3 (January 2011): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000026.
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The aim of this study is to improve measurement in marketing research by constructing a new, simple, nonparametric, consistent, and powerful test to study scale invariance. The test is called D-test. D-test is constructed using symbolic dynamics and symbolic entropy as a measure of the difference between the response patterns which comes from two measurement scales. We also give a standard asymptotic distribution of our statistic. Given that the test is based on entropy measures, it avoids smoothed nonparametric estimation. We applied D-test to a real marketing research to study if scale invariance holds when measuring service quality in a sports service. We considered a free-scale as a reference scale and then we compared it with three widely used rating scales: Likert-type scale from 1 to 5 and from 1 to 7, and semantic-differential scale from −3 to +3. Scale invariance holds for the two latter scales. This test overcomes the shortcomings of other procedures for analyzing scale invariance; and it provides researchers a tool to decide the appropriate rating scale to study specific marketing problems, and how the results of prior studies can be questioned.
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Stormont, Melissa A., Aaron M. Thompson, Keith C. Herman, and Wendy M. Reinke. "The Social and Emotional Dimensions of a Single Item Overall School Readiness Screener and its Relation to Academic Outcomes." Assessment for Effective Intervention 42, no. 2 (July 24, 2016): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534508416652070.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the relations among a single item school readiness screener, social/emotional ratings, and academic performance. A prior study found that single item kindergarten readiness ratings completed in the fall predicted end-of-year academic and behavior outcomes even after controlling for baseline scores. Here, we attempted to extend these findings by using a single overall readiness item, an expanded rating scale for the item, and a comparison with other social and emotional ratings provided by teachers. Fifty-five teachers in 18 elementary school sites completed the overall readiness item on 893 kindergarten students. Teachers also completed Likert-type social emotional items and assessments of emergent literacy skills on all students. Results suggested that teachers use basic social behavior expectations in their judgments of readiness rather than extreme disruptive behaviors. In addition, the single item identified students who were below benchmark and not prepared to start school with higher accuracy than a 14-item social rating scale. Discussion focuses on the promise and limitations of the single item measure and future directions for its study and use.
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Lozano, Luis M., Eduardo García-Cueto, and José Muñiz. "Effect of the Number of Response Categories on the Reliability and Validity of Rating Scales." Methodology 4, no. 2 (January 2008): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241.4.2.73.
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The Likert-type format is one of the most widely used in all types of scales in the field of social sciences. Nevertheless, there is no definitive agreement on the number of response categories that optimizes the psychometric properties of the scales. The aim of the present work is to determine in a systematic fashion the number of response alternatives that maximizes the fundamental psychometric properties of a scale: reliability and validity. The study is carried out with data simulated using the Monte Carlo method. We simulate responses to 30 items with correlations between them ranging from 0.2 to 0.9. We also manipulate sample size, analyzing four different sizes: 50, 100, 200, and 500 cases. The number of response options employed ranges from two to nine. The results show that as the number of response alternatives increases, both reliability and validity improve. The optimum number of alternatives is between four and seven. With fewer than four alternatives the reliability and validity decrease, and from seven alternatives onwards psychometric properties of the scale scarcely increase further. Some applied implications of the results are discussed.
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Woods-Groves, Suzanne, Ronald C. Eaves, and Thomas O. Williams. "Exploratory Factor Analysis of the Human Behavior Rating Scale: A Rural Population." Psychological Reports 109, no. 3 (December 2011): 785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/03.09.10.20.pr0.109.6.785-802.
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The construct validity of Eaves' Human Behavior Rating Scale (HBRS) was investigated. The HBRS is a scale with 91 Likert-type items designed to measure five factors: arousal (persistence and curiosity), affect (externalizing and internalizing), and cognition. Forty-four teachers of Grades 6, 7, and 8 from two low socioeconomic and rural southern counties completed the HBRS for 320 of their students. Three parcels were submitted for analysis for each of the five dimensions. A five-factor, then a two-factor, solution were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. A principal-axis factor analysis was employed and an oblique promax rotation was applied. The results supported the five-factor solution with 90.2% of the total variance accounted for when compared to the two-factor solution which recovered 73.4% of the total variance. Intercorrelations between factors ranged from .15 to .76 for the five-factor solution.
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Carter, F. L., V. A. Rappold, B. G. Knapp, and V. C. Irizarry. "Development of a Test Battery and Rating Scale for Morse Intercept Operators." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 31, no. 3 (September 1987): 386–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128703100326.
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In an effort to reduce attrition during basic morse code training required for the Military Occupational Speciality 05H (Morse Code Intercept Operators), new measures are being sought to improve present selection methods used at the US Army Intelligence School, Ft. Devens. A test battery was used to evaluate whether certain psychological attributes (e.g. musical ability, short-term memory, attention, perceptual speed) are related to job performance. A likert-type rating scale, using 05H critical behaviors, was developed to assess on-the-job operator performance. Results revealed that (1) portions of the test battery were correlated with successful 05H performance as measured by the rating scale, and (2) some tests which did not predict performance discriminated between 05H operators and the general population. Identification of potentially predictive tests from this effort will provide the basis for the construction of a test battery to supplement current selection techniques.
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Caliskan, Nihat, Okan Kuzu, and Yasemin Kuzu. "The Development of a Behavior Patterns Rating Scale for Preservice Teachers." Journal of Education and Learning 6, no. 1 (November 14, 2016): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n1p130.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a rating scale that can be used to evaluate behavior patterns of the organization people pattern of preservice teachers (PSTs). By reviewing the related literature on people patterns, a preliminary scale of 38 items with a five-points likert type was prepared. The number of items was reduced to 29 after obtaining expert opinions and was administered to 620 PSTs. As the results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, unlike two factors: structurist and free spirits behavior patterns, in the theory, we obtained the final scale of 15 items consisting of three factors: planners, solution-oriented and prescriptive behavior patterns. The related Cronbach Alpha value was found to be .830 for all the items. We identified that behavior patterns rating scale of the organization people pattern can be confidently applied to evaluate behavior patterns. Moreover, in this study, we obtained a contradiction between practice and theory. Thus, we provided a new idea related to behavior patterns of the organization people pattern.
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Higgins, George E. "Examining the Original Grasmick Scale." Criminal Justice and Behavior 34, no. 2 (February 2007): 157–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854806290071.
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The original Grasmick, Tittle, Bursik, and Arneklev self-control scale is frequently used in self-control theory studies. Examining self-control requires precision in measurement. Using the Rasch rating scale model analysis, the Grasmick et al. scale is evaluated for construct validity in a college student sample. The results show that the 4-point Likert-type format response categories are not suitable for the scale. The distribution of the measures does not align with the distribution of the item measures in the original Grasmick et al. scale. The items do not fit the Rasch model, they do not form a unidimensional trait, and they function differently for males and females. Thus, the original Grasmick et al. scale does not have construct validity. A revised scale is presented that meets the standards of the Rasch model.
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McPherson, Bill. "Correlating Students' Personality Types with Their Rating of Topics Covered in Business Communication Classes." Business Communication Quarterly 62, no. 3 (September 1999): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/108056999906200305.
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For years, students, faculty, and, most important, employers, have recognized the need for improved communication skills. The university business communication curriculum is filled with topics that lead to improving communication skills. A per centage of students find some topics to be boring, unimportant, intimidating, and/or nonessential. However, other students find these same topics to be interest ing, significant, challenging, and vital. For example, college students fear giving oral presentations more than writing papers. Could the preference or the abhor rence of various business communication topics be related to personality type? To answer this question, the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), combined with a Likert Scale, was used to study the relationship between business communication students' personality types and their preferred topics in business communication.
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Cook, Colleen, Fred Heath, Russel L. Thompson, and Bruce Thompson. "Score Reliability in Webor Internet-Based Surveys: Unnumbered Graphic Rating Scales versus Likert-Type Scales." Educational and Psychological Measurement 61, no. 4 (August 2001): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00131640121971356.
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Edwards, Andrew S., Kinsey E. Edwards, and Brian C. Wesolowski. "The psychometric evaluation of a wind band performance rubric using the Multifaceted Rasch Partial Credit Measurement Model." Research Studies in Music Education 41, no. 3 (April 24, 2019): 343–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1321103x18773103.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable rubric to be used for the evaluation of large ensemble wind band performances. The guiding questions for this study were: (a) what are the psychometric qualities (i.e., reliability and validity) of the scale developed to assess wind band ensemble performance at the high school level? (b) how do the items fit the model and vary in difficulty? (c) how does the structure of the rating scale vary across individual items? and (d) how can the rating scale be transferred into an informative rubric? The primary data analysis tool used in this study was the Multifaceted Rasch Partial Credit Measurement Model. Music content experts ( N = 20) were solicited to evaluate 40 wind band performances, each evaluator listening to four. A 4-point Likert-type rating scale (e.g., Strongly Agree, Agree, Disagree, and Strongly Disagree) was used to evaluate each recorded performance. Results indicated good model data fit and resulted in a final rubric containing 24 items ranging from two to four performance categories. Implications for classroom teaching and consequential validity are discussed.
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Setiawati, Farida Agus, Djemari Mardapi, and Saifuddin Azwar. "PENSKALAAN TEORI KLASIK INSTRUMEN MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES TIPE THURSTONE DAN LIKERT." Jurnal Penelitian dan Evaluasi Pendidikan 17, no. 2 (December 15, 2013): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pep.v17i2.1699.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mengetahui hasil penskalaan instrumen multiple intelligences (MI) pada tipe Thurstone dan Likert dengan pendekatan klasik, 2) mengetahui karakteristik instrument MI pada tipe Thurstone dan Likert pada data asli dan data yang diskalakan, 3) membandingkan karakteristik psikometrik pada kedua tipe data yang sudah diskalakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang pelaksanaannya terdiri dari empat bagian yang saling terkait, yaitu penelitian pengembangan instrumen, penskalaan pada data hasil ujicoba, analisis karakteristik psikometrik instrumen, dan perbandingan karakteristik psikometrik instrumen. Instrumen dikembangkan menggunakan tipe Thurstone dan Likert pada konstruk yang sama. Perbandingan karakteristik psikometrik kedua instrumen dilakukan secara diskriptif. Hasil penskalaan dengan metode paired comparison didapatkan urutan skor stimulus dari yang terendah yaitu: logika matematika, musik, linguistik, kinestetik, naturalis, visual, interpersonal, eksistensial dan intrapersonal. Penskalaan dengan metode summated rating dihasilkan skor terstandar dari yang rendah hingga tinggi pada tiap respons. Terdapat perubahan skor, varian, reliabilitas dan kesalahan baku pengukuran (SEM) dari data asli dengan data yang diskalakan. Koefisien reliabilitas dan SEM instrumen tipe Thurstone lebih rendah dibanding tipe Likert. Kata kunci: penskalaan, multiple intelligences, tipe Thurstone, tipe Likert ______________________________________________________________SCALING CLASSICAL THEORY OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES CLASSICAL INSTRUMENT TYPE THURSTONE AND LIKERTAbstract The study aimed to: 1) result the scaling data of multiple intelligence (MI) instruments of Thurstone and Likert types using the classical approach, 2) reveal the psychometric characteristics of Thurstone and Likert types in the original data and the scaled data, 3) compare the psychometric characteristics of the two types of data. The study used the quantitative research approach. The activity consisted of: developing instruments, processing the data scaling, analyzing the psychometric characteristics of the instruments, and comparing the psychometric characteristics of them. The instrument was developed using Thurstone and Likert types in the same constructs. The comparison of psychometric characteristics of two types of data was analyzed by descriptive statistic. The result of scaling using paired comparison method are the sequential scores from a low to high on mathematical-logical, musical, linguistic, kinesthetic, natural, visual, interpersonal, existential and intrapersonal inteligence. The scaling using summated rating produce scores that vary in each response. There are changes of variants and standard error of measurement (SEM) after transformed data. The reliability and SEM of the Thurstone type are lower than that of Likert type.Keywords: scaling, multiple intelligence instrument, Thurstone type, Likert type
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Meiser, Thorsten, and Maya Machunsky. "The Personal Structure of Personal Need for Structure." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 24, no. 1 (January 2008): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.24.1.27.
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Abstract. This study investigated the responses of N = 1,789 participants to a set of 12 Likert-type items for the assessment of personal need for structure (PNS). Mixture-distribution Rasch models were used to analyze the homogeneity of the response format across items and the homogeneity of the item parameters and category parameters across persons. Model selection yielded a two-class rating scale model as the favorite model. This model contains the assumptions that the Likert response scale is used in a constant way for all items but that the item or category parameters differ between two latent subpopulations. The parameter estimates revealed large differences in the threshold parameters for the response categories between the two subpopulations. While the larger subpopulation showed a tendency to avoid extreme response categories, the smaller subpopulation used the whole range of the response scale. The different response styles identified by the mixture-distribution Rasch analysis were validated by significantly higher Extraversion scores for participants in the smaller subpopulation that showed more extreme and impulsive rating behavior. The results confirmed that PNS reflects quantitative interindividual differences, and they also showed that the total score of the 12 PNS items forms a combination of the latent PNS trait and response style.
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Phelps, LeAdelle, Charles D. Schmitz, and Blaine Boatright. "The Effects of Halo and Leniency on Cooperating Teacher Reports Using Likert-Type Rating Scales." Journal of Educational Research 79, no. 3 (January 1986): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220671.1986.10885668.
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Fudalej, Sylwia A., Dries Desmedt, Ewald Bronkhorst, and Piotr S. Fudalej. "Comparison of Three Methods of Rating Nasolabial Appearance in Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 4 (July 2017): 400–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/14-189.
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Objective To investigate which of three methods of rating nasolabial appearance—esthetic index, visual analogue scale (VAS), or numerical scale with reference photographs—is optimal. Design Experimental study. Setting Radboud University Medical Centre, The Netherlands and University of Bern, Switzerland. Subjects and Methods Cropped photographs of 60 patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (mean age = 10.8 years) were used for rating. A panel of eight raters rated four components of nasolabial morphology (nasal shape, nose deviation, vermillion border, and profile view) using three methods: 5-point esthetic index, 100 mm VAS, and 0 to 200 numerical scale with reference photographs (reference scores method). Method reliability was assessed by re-evaluation of 20 images after >1 month. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate consistency of each method. Results Overall reference scores method always produced more reproducible results (i.e., higher ICCs) than did VAS or the esthetic index. However, statistically significant differences were found between reference scores and esthetic index in rating nasal shape, nose deviation, and vermillion border only ( P < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.012, respectively) and between reference scores and VAS in rating nose deviation and vermillion border ( P < 0.001 and 0.017, respectively). Conclusion We recommend the use of reference photographs along with the VAS or numerical (from 0 to 200) semi-continuous scale. The esthetic index, based on a Likert-type scale, seems to produce the most variable results and, therefore, is not preferred.
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Covell, Katherine. "National and Gender Differences in Adolescents' War Attitudes." International Journal of Behavioral Development 19, no. 4 (December 1996): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016502549601900411.
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Attitudes toward warfare were compared between samples of Canadian and US adolescents. Political attitudes in general have been attributed variously to influences of sociopolitical context, nationhood, media, and gender. Adolescents' responses to open-ended questions, and statements presented with a Likert-type rating scale suggested that whereas gender and sociopolitical context, for example contemporary attitudes toward political leaders, do influence attitudes toward war, there is a powerful effect of nationhood. The interventionist approaches of the United States and the peacekeeping emphasis of Canada are reflected in the attitudes of their youth.
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Oaster, T. R. F. "Number of Alternatives per Choice Point and Stability of Likert-Type Scales." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 2 (April 1989): 549–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.2.549.
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Due to several previous replications of increased internal consistency reliability associated with increases in the number of alternatives per choice point, alternate forms test-retest reliability of self-ratings on a noncognitive scale was studied. Increased stability reliability associated with increases in the number of alternatives per choice point is discussed in terms of past research, theory and practical concerns.
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Diana, Amaya H., Mark Olfson, Sara Wiesel Cullen, and Steven C. Marcus. "The Relationship Between Evidence-Based Practices and Emergency Department Managers’ Perceptions on Quality of Care for Self-Harm Patients." Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association 26, no. 3 (November 21, 2019): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078390319889673.
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OBJECTIVE: To understand the extent to which implementation of evidence-based practices affects emergency department (ED) nurse managers’ perceptions of quality of care provided to deliberate self-harm patients. METHODS: ED nursing leadership from a nationally representative sample of 513 hospitals completed a survey on the ED management of deliberate self-harm patients, including the quality of care for deliberate self-harm patients on a 1 to 5 point Likert-type scale. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses, controlling for relevant hospital characteristics, examined associations between the provision of evidence-based practices and quality of care. RESULTS: The overall mean quality rating was 3.09. Adjusted quality ratings were higher for EDs that routinely engaged in discharge planning (β = 0.488) and safety planning (β = 0.736) processes. Ratings were also higher for hospitals with higher levels of mental health staff (β = 0.368) and for teaching hospitals (β = 0.319). CONCLUSION: Preliminary findings suggest a national institutional readiness for further implementation of evidence-based practices for deliberate self-harm patients.
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Samms, Charneta, and Kayenda Johnson. "Examining a Possible Triangle Effect: Risk Perception, Sensation Seeking and Focused Attention." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 3 (September 2002): 280–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204600313.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the correlation between risk perception, sensation seeking, and focused attention. Participants were given a set of colors and symbols to rate using a nine point Likert-type risk perception rating scale. A measure of sensation seeking and focused attention was administered using the Thrill and Adventure Seeking and Experience Seeking subscales of the Sensation Seeking Scale and the Expanded Tellegan Absorption Scale respectively. Through the analysis of MANOVA results, the colors red, orange and yellow were identified consistently among all groups as colors of higher warning; however blue differed significantly between groups. These findings signify a potential problem if colors other than those in current standards are under consideration for use in warning designs.
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Setiyanto, Adi Irawan, and Ahmad Syakir. "The Influence of Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and Consumer Satisfaction Towards Online Purchasing Behavior." Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4, no. 2 (October 30, 2019): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaat.v4i2.1081.
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This study aims to examine the effect of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and consumer satisfaction on online purchasing behavior. This study used 200 respondents taken from the general public living in the area of Batam. The type of data used in this study is the interval scale. Scaling method used in the instrument of Likert scale with 5 rating categories. Data processing techniques in this study using software program SPSS 17. The results of this study indicate that the variables perceived ease of use, variable perceived usefulness, and consumer satisfaction effect on online purchasing behavior either partially or simultaneously. For further research is expected to increase the number of samples, change the sample or add research variables.
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Aini, Qurotul, Siti Ria Zuliana, and Nuke Puji Lestari Santoso. "Management Measurement Scale As A Reference To Determine Interval In A Variable." Aptisi Transactions on Management (ATM) 2, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33050/atm.v2i1.775.
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The scale is usually used to check and determine the value of a qualitative factor in quantitative measures. The measurement scale is a management in agreement that is used as a reference to determine the short length of the interval that is in the measuring instrument, so that the measuring instrument when used in measurements will produce quantitative data. The results of the scale management calculation must be interpreted carefully because in addition to producing a rough picture, the respondent's answers are not just straightforward to be trusted. Types of measurement scales: Likert scale, Guttman scale, semantic differential scale, rating scale, Thurstone scale, Borgadus scale, and various other measurement management scales. One of the most difficult jobs for information technology researchers faced with the necessity of measuring variables is: finding directions in the midst of many existing sizes. If there is a good size for a particular variable, it seems that there are not many reasons to compile a new size yourself.
Keywords: Scale, Measurement, Variables.
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BÈgue, Laurent, and Thémistoklis Apostolidis. "The 1999 Balkan War: Changes in Ratings of Values and Prowar Attitudes among French Students." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_suppl (June 2000): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3c.1127.
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This study investigated the association of Kosovo's 1999 war with a value rating of 56 female French students and links between values evaluated at two times (before and during the war) and attitudes towards the Balkan war. Subjects completed a survey of 15 values by means of a 9-point Likert-type scale one month before the beginning of the Balkan war (Time 1) and during the war, 3 mo. later (Time 2). Attitude towards the war was also measured by means of a 4-item scale completed at Time 2. Analysis indicated two slight unpredicted shifts: Universalism and Stimulation value-types were rated higher at Time 2 than at Time 1. Moreover, two value-types were consistently correlated both at Times 1 and 2 with prowar attitudes: conformity ( r = .29 and .27) and universalism ( r = –.29 and –.43). This latter result, consistent with our hypothesis, suggested that individuals' values represent modest but significant correlates of prowar attitudes.
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Bègue, Laurent, and Thémistoklis Apostolidis. "The 1999 Balkan War: Changes in Ratings of Values and Pro War Attitudes among French Students." Psychological Reports 86, no. 3_part_2 (June 2000): 1127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003329410008600309.2.
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This study investigated the association of Kosovo's 1999 war with a value rating of 56 female French students and links between values evaluated at two times (before and during the war) and attitudes towards the Balkan war. Subjects completed a survey of 15 values by means of a 9-point Likert-type scale one month before the beginning of the Balkan war (Time 1) and during the war, 3 mo. later (Time 2). Attitude towards the war was also measured by means of a 4-item scale completed at lime 2. Analysis indicated two slight unpredicted shifts: Universalism and Stimulation value-types were rated higher at Time 2 than at Time 1. Moreover, two value-types were consistently correlated both at Times 1 and 2 with prowar attitudes: conformity ( r = .29 and .27) and universalism ( r = –.29 and –.43). This latter result, consistent with our hypothesis, suggested that individuals’ values represent modest but significant correlates of prowar attitudes.
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Meng, Li, David G. Metro, and Rita M. Patel. "Evaluating Professionalism and Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Implementing a 360-Degree Evaluation Instrument in an Anesthesiology Residency Program." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 1, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-09-00014.1.
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Abstract Objectives To implement a 360-degree resident evaluation instrument on the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) rotation and to determine the reliability, feasibility, and validity of this tool for assessing residents' professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills. Methods Thirteen areas of evaluation were selected to assess the professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills of residents during their PACU rotation. Each area was measured on a 9-point Likert scale (1, unsatisfactory performance, to 9, outstanding performance). Rating forms were distributed to raters after the completion of the PACU rotation. Raters included PACU nurses, secretarial staff, nurse aides, and medical technicians. Residents were aware of the 360-degree assessment and participated voluntarily. The multiple raters' evaluations were then compared with those of the traditional faculty. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to measure the reliability of ratings within each category of raters by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Four hundred twenty-nine rating forms were returned during the study period. Fifteen residents were evaluated. The response rate was 88%. Residents were ranked highest on availability and lowest on management skill. The average rating across all areas was high (8.23). The average mean rating across all items from PACU nurses was higher (8.34) than from secretarial staff (7.99, P > .08). The highest ranked resident ranked high with all raters and the lowest ranked was low with most raters. The intraclass coefficients of correlations were 0.8719, 0.7860, 0.8268, and 0.8575. Conclusions This type of resident assessment tool may be useful for PACU rotations. It appears to correlate with traditional faculty ratings, is feasible to use, and provides formative feedback to residents regarding their professionalism and interpersonal and communication skills.
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Atika, Nurul, Morgan Kindler, Zainal Abidin Tarigan, and Yulinda Tarigan. "THE EFFECT OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON INTEREST BUY ONLINE ON WEBSITE LAZADA." JOURNAL OF APPLIED BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 4, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaba.v4i1.1548.
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This study aims to examine the effect of customer satisfaction on online purchase intention on the website Lazada. This study used 200 respondents taken from students of Business Management at the Politeknik Negeri Batam and Universitas Internasional Batam. The type of data used in this study is the interval scale. Moreover, the scaling method used in the instrument of Likert scale with 5 rating categories. Data processing techniques in this study using Spss software program 17. The results of this study is shows the customer satisfaction (role, social, best deal, product information, monetary saving, convenience and perceived ease of use) has an influence on online purchase intention. For further research is expected to increase the number of samples, change the sample or add research variables.
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Tsigarides, J., V. Grove, D. Sethi, J. Chipping, S. Miles, N. Shenker, S. Sami, and A. Macgregor. "POS0018 INVESTIGATING VIRTUAL IMMERSIVE EXPERIENCES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC PAIN – THE VIPA STUDY (PRELIMINARY RESULTS)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 210.2–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2017.
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Background:Chronic pain is debilitating and prevalent. Current non-pharmacological management of pain conditions such as Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS) are labour intensive to implement and poorly available, especially during the pandemic. There is an urgent need to develop widely adoptable, innovative treatment options for pain cohorts.Virtual reality (VR) provides an innovative therapeutic tool, immersing users within a three-dimensional, interactive virtual environment with use of a head-mounted display (HMD). Beneficial effects of VR have been demonstrated in acute pain1, with limited studies in chronic pain. Given the variation of available VR technologies, it is vital to investigate the impact of different VR characteristics on acceptability in specific chronic pain cohorts.Objectives:This feasibility study aims to establish the acceptability of four different VR technologies in patients with FMS whilst undertaking a single interactive VR experience.Methods:Patients with FMS were recruited through outpatient clinics at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. Baseline questionnaires were used including the McGill pain questionnaire (MPQ-SF), pain visual analogue scale (VAS) and Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR). Subjective experience questionnaires collected acceptability data with 7-point Likert scale rating questions (strongly disagree to strongly agree). The simulation sickness questionnaire (SSQ) gained side-effect data (total severity score: 0-235). Categorical data were described using frequencies; and continuous data using mean and standard deviation. Likert-scale data were dichotomised (rating ≤3: disagree, rating ≥5: agree).Four VR systems representing the spectrum of commercially available technologies were used (seen in Figure 1). These possess different characteristics including screen resolution, processor speed, weight, strap and controller type. The VR experience used with each headset was co-developed alongside industry partners (Orbital Global). Participants are immersed within a naturalistic environment, situated on a wooden boat travelling slowly along a calm river surrounded by trees and hills. The interactive element involves the user shooting targets that appear using handheld controllers.Results:13 patients with FMS were included (mean age 41.8±15.6, 92.3% female). Most had severe disease (mean FIQR 67.8±14.1) with moderate self-reported pain at baseline (mean MPQ 25.5±8.8, VAS 6.0±1.7). Most had no previous VR exposure (69.2%). 100% of participants agreed that they would be open to using VR for future pain management (mean rating 6.5±0.7) and that they would use VR regularly at home (mean rating 6.5±0.7). VR HMD comfort and enjoyment data are presented in Table 1. Mean ratings of comfort were high across the four HMDs (Gear VR: 4.9±1.7, Oculus Go: 4.5±1.8, Oculus Quest 5.3±1.9, Oculus Rift 6.6±0.5). Mean ratings of enjoyment with each HMD were also high (Gear VR: 5.4±1.6, Oculus Go: 5.4±1.8, Oculus Quest: 5.6±1.9, Oculus Rift S: 6.6±0.5). Low levels of side effects were described with mean SSQ total scores ranging from 20.1±16.8 (Oculus Rift S) to 38.0±23.9 (Gear VR).Conclusion:Preliminary results indicate that FMS patients find VR acceptable, describing high ratings of comfort and enjoyment across the VR HMD spectrum. Side-effect frequency was low, with most settling after HMD removal. All participants were open to future use of VR for home-based pain management.References:[1]Dascal J, Reid M, Ishak WW, Spiegel B, Recacho J, Rosen B, Danovitch I. Virtual reality and medical inpatients: A systematic review of randomized, controlled trials. Innov Clin Neurosci 2017;14(1-2):14-21Table 1.Subjective experience results across VR HMDsMean Likert scale ratings (% agreement: rating ≥5)VR HMDOverall, I found the VR experience using this equipment comfortableOverall, I enjoyed using this VR headsetGear VR4.9±1.7 (62%)5.4±1.6 (77%)Oculus Go4.5±1.8 (54%)5.4±1.8 (75%)Oculus Quest5.3±1.9 (77%)5.6±1.9 (100%)Oculus Rift S6.6±0.5 (100%)6.6±0.5 (100%)Acknowledgements:I would like to acknowledge the contributions of the staff working within the Rheumatology department at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital. I would also like to thank and acknowledge our participants for being involved in the study.Disclosure of Interests:Jordan Tsigarides Grant/research support from: Our digital health industry partners (Orbital Global) provided a small financial contribution to support this study., Vanessa Grove: None declared, Dheeraj Sethi: None declared, Jacqueline Chipping: None declared, Susan Miles: None declared, Nicholas Shenker: None declared, Saber Sami: None declared, Alex MacGregor: None declared.
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Ludwikowski, Wyndolyn M. A., Heath A. Schechinger, and Patrick Ian Armstrong. "Are Interest Assessments Propagating Gender Differences in Occupations?" Journal of Career Assessment 28, no. 1 (January 7, 2019): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069072718821600.
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The current study focused on the effect of assessment methods on estimates of gender differences in interests across Holland’s themes. College students (121 women, 76 men) rated their interests in Holland-based activities and occupations using Likert-type scales, and they also completed a card sorting assessment of Holland interests using occupation-based items. Gender differences were consistently observed for realistic and social interests with the magnitude of the observed gender differences varying by measure type. A Gender × Measure interaction accounted for 33% of the variance observed in interest scores: Occupation-based scales produced larger differences than activity-based scales, and the card sorting assessment produced larger gender differences than the Likert-type rating scales. Therefore, the choice of interest measure used in career counseling may influence the extent to which gender affects the career decision-making process, which may be particularly important when exploring nontraditional career choices for women and men.
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Francis, Jesse, Katherine Thompson-Witrick, and Erin B. Perry. "104 President Oral Presentation Pick: Sensory analysis of horse treats: a comparison between horses and humans." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.166.
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Abstract Analysis of both palatability and consumer acceptance is a critical component of product development. Though consumer sensory analysis from owners is gaining interest in companion animal species, few data are available from equine owners. The objectives of this study were to evaluate both horse preference and horse owner rating of two equine treat products. Feeding preferences of adult stock-type horses (n = 10) age 13 ± 6, body weight 539 ± 41 kg, and body condition score 5.5 ± 0.5 were assessed via paired preference test conducted in an open-frame stock with a 15 second olfaction period followed by a 3 minute consumption period. Data collected include first sniffed, first consumed, and first finished. Consumer analysis of the horse treats was conducted via hedonic rating of four attributes (appearance, size, texture, and aroma) on a 9-point Likert scale, followed by rating of purchase intent on a 5 point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using PROC FREQ and PROC TTEST in SAS version 9.4. No difference was observed for first product sniffed, consumed, or finished during the horse preference test. However, moderate positive correlations were observed between first product sniffed and consumed (P = 0.01, ф = 0.40) as well as first product consumed and finished (P < 0.01, ф = 0.48), suggesting that olfaction plays a large role in horses food choice. Consumers rated Product A lower in appearance (P < 0.01), texture (P < 0.01), and size (P < 0.01), though no difference was observed between products for aroma. Additionally, consumers rated Product A lower for purchase intent (P < 0.01), indicating aroma may not play as large of a role in product selection as visual attributes. These results indicate that both horse and consumer preference should be evaluated during product development.
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Arthur, Christi, Gail Sonaty, Josh Phelps, and Stephany Parker. "Exploring Effectiveness of Online Nutrition-Related Diabetes Education Training for Interdisciplinary Healthcare Students at a Student-Run Free Clinic." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab051_004.
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Abstract Objectives The objective of this project was to explore the effectiveness of online nutrition-related diabetes education training for interdisciplinary healthcare students volunteering at a student-run free clinic (SRFC). Providing online nutrition-related diabetes education training to interdisciplinary healthcare students at a student-run free clinic may increase participants’ familiarity with and confidence in providing nutrition-related diabetes education to patients. Methods Student volunteers (n = 16) at a SRFC watched an online training video on nutrition-related diabetes education. Topics covered in the training video included the relationship between diet and type 2 diabetes, and the use of motivational interviewing and SMART goals to counsel patients with type 2 diabetes. Using a pre-test/post-test design with eight Likert-scaled (strongly disagree to strongly agree) items, students rated statements indicating familiarity with and confidence in providing nutrition-related diabetes education to patients. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were conducted to test for statistically significant shifts in each Likert-scaled item pre- to post-test. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results Results showed an overall positive shift in response ratings from the pre- to post-test for all Likert-scaled items. Seven of the eight sets of results had a statistically significant positive shift in response rating (P values < 0.05). Conclusions Findings indicate that providing online nutrition-related diabetes education to interdisciplinary students volunteering at a SRFC has potential to increase their familiarity with and confidence in providing nutrition-related diabetes education to their patients with diabetes. Funding Sources No funding was received.
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Musselwhite, Dorothy J., and Brian C. Wesolowski. "Evaluating the Psychometric Qualities of a Rating Scale to Assess Pre-Service Teachers’ Lesson Plan Development in the Context of a Secondary-Level Music Performance Classroom." Journal of Research in Music Education 66, no. 3 (August 28, 2018): 338–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022429418793645.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric quality (i.e., validity and reliability) of a rating scale to assess pre-service teachers’ lesson plan development in the context of secondary-level music performance classrooms. The research questions that guided this study include: (1) What items demonstrate acceptable model fit for the construct of lesson plan development in the context of a secondary-level music performance classroom? (2) How does the structure of the rating scale vary across items? and (3) Does differential severity emerge for academic administrators or music education content specialists across items? Using multiple teacher effectiveness frameworks, the lesson plans in this study were evaluated using a 4-point Likert-type rating scale (e.g., strongly agree, agree, disagree, strongly disagree) consisting of five domains: (a) instructional planning, (b) instructional delivery, (c) differentiated instruction, (d) assessment uses, and (e) assessment strategies. Secondary-level school administrators ( n = 8) and music education content specialists ( n = 8) rated 32 lesson plans using a balanced incomplete assessment network. The multifaceted Rasch measurement partial credit model was used in this study. Results suggest higher rater severity among administrators than music specialists. Of the 68 potential pairwise interactions examined in the study, 5 (7.4 %) of those were found to be statistically significant, which indicates that 5 raters demonstrated differential severity across at least one lesson plan. Implications for student teacher preparation, teacher effectiveness, and the validity of measures are discussed.
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Fisher, B. E., C. Pauley, and K. McGuire. "Children's Sleep Behavior Scale: Normative Data on 870 Children in Grades 1 to 6." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 1 (February 1989): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.1.227.
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A 22-item Likert-type rating scale for parents was developed for screening a broad range of specific sleep-related behaviors of elementary school children. The prevalence of these behaviors was reported by parents for boys ( n = 459) and girls ( n = 411) in three age groups, less than 8.5 yr., between 8.5 and 11.5 yr, and greater than 11.5 yr. For all age groups, the most prevalent behaviors were restlessness, waking up at night, pleasant dreams, getting up to go to the bathroom, talking while asleep, and complaints about not being able to sleep, while the least frequent were rhythmical movements and crying while asleep. The self-reports suggest that many of the behaviors are underestimated in the literature. Some sex and age differences were found, but the number of siblings, birth order, change in family structure, and educational status of father and mother were unrelated to the sleep variables. Test-retest reliabilities of self-reports by these parents to individual items were adequate.
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Bokhorst, Koos, Frits A. Goossens, and Piet A. de Ruyter. "EARLY DETECTION OF SOCIAL ANXIETY: RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A TEACHER QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SOCIAL ANXIETY IN YOUNG CHILDREN." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 29, no. 8 (January 1, 2001): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2001.29.8.787.
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Socially anxious children have been described in the literature as at risk of developing increasing emotional problems and of being deprived of valid learning experiences with peers. In order to enable teachers to detect social anxiety in preschoolers the authors developed a scale. The TRSA-“junior” (Teacher Rating Scale of Social Anxiety-“junior”) is a brief Likert-type questionnaire for the identification of social anxiety in 5-to 6-year-old children. Reliability (internal consistency plus test-retest correlation) collected in 2 samples was high. Convergent and divergent validity of this newly developed rating-scale were also studied. A high level of social anxiety correlated with a low level of social participation, as observed on the playground. The TRSA-“junior” score correlated with “internalizing” as measured by the Behavior Questionnaire for Toddlers and Preschoolers (BQTP) and the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL), and with the subscales “anxious-depressed”, “thought problems”, “social problems” and “withdrawn behavior” of the CBCL. In the second study a high score on social anxiety appeared to be related to less positive sociometric judgments by peers. The authors conclude that the TRSA-“junior” may aid in the identification and prevention of social anxiety at an early age. In addition, the scale would appear to be a useful instrument in research, given its sound psychometric qualities.
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Aqeel, Muhammad, Humaira Jami, and Ammar Ahmed. "Translation, adaptation, and cross-language validation of student: thinking about my homework scale (STP)." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 10, no. 5 (December 11, 2017): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-05-2017-0019.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish the reliability and validity of an expended scale with translation, adaptation and cross-language validation of the student: thinking about my homework (STP) (Bareno, 1997; Hoover-Dempsey et al., 1999; Hoover-Dempsey and Sandler, 2005). Design/methodology/approach Response items rating are made from four-point Likert-type scales ranging from the 1 (never) to 4 (always). This study includes two versions of the scale: mother’s school involvement version (STPM) and father’s school Involvement version (STPF). Both versions have been translated from English language into Urdu language with a sample of 200 students. Standard back translation method was used for translation and adaption of the scale (Brislin, 1976; Hambleton, 1994). The ages of the students ranged from 12 to 18 years. Findings The overall scale has good internal consistency reliability. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to explore covert and novel configuration of these versions (father’s school involvement and mother’s school involvement). Results revealed that mother’s school involvement consisted of 21 items, and father’s school involvement consisted of 22 items. Originality/value The investigated scale provides assessment of father’s and mother’s school involvement, respectively, in order to achieve better understanding of family’s role in academics.
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Presotto, Monia, Maira Rozenfeld Olchik, Johanna G. Kalf, and Carlos R. M. Rieder. "Translation, linguistic and cultural adaptation, reliability and validity of the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's Disease – ROMP questionnaire." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 76, no. 5 (May 2018): 316–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x20180033.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To translate and linguistically and culturally adapt to Brazilian Portuguese, and verify the reliability and validity of the Radboud Oral Motor Inventory for Parkinson's Disease (ROMP). Methods: The ROMP was translated and retranslated, and the instrument reliability was verified by analyzing the internal consistency and the reproducibility of the intra-examiner retest. The final version was applied to 27 participants with Parkinson's disease. Results: Internal consistency was 0.99 for the total ROMP and 0.96 to 0.99 for the three domains. Intraclass correlation coefficients for reproducibility were 0.99 for the total ROMP and 0.93 to 0.99 for the subscales. The ROMP and its subscales correlated substantially with the Likert-type scale, as well as with the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale II and III items. Conclusion: The linguistic and cultural equivalence of the ROMP in Brazilian Portuguese is now available, with excellent reliability and validity.
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Veronika Unun Pratiwi, Nofrahadi, Apri Pendri, Dina Komalasari, and Sumarwati. "Penilaian Ranah Afektif dalam Bentuk Penilaian Keterampilan Menulis dengan Model Pembelajaran Think Talk Write (TTW) Menggunakan Media Audiovisual pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar." GERAM 9, no. 1 (June 27, 2021): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/geram.2021.vol9(1).6817.
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Permendikbud No. 66/2013 concerning assessment standards explains that the assessment techniques and instruments used in the 2013 Curriculum include competency assessment of attitudes, knowledge, and skills. This means that learning and assessment must develop students' competencies related to the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains. Assessment of the affective domain is important because assessing the affective domain must be carried out in learning activities. The education unit needs to design and develop an appropriate affective domain assessment to achieve optimal learning objectives. In this study, the affective domain rating scale uses skills assessment using a Likert scale. Think Talk Write is a learning model that can improve activity and communication among students. Ngalimun argues that the Think Talk Write learning model is a type of learning model that starts with thinking through the reading material, communicated with presentations, discussions, and then reports on the presentation results.
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Uyumaz, Gizem, and Ömay Çokluk. "An Investigation of Item Order and Rating Differences in Likert-Type Scales in Terms of Psychometric Properties and Attitudes of Respondents." Kuramsal Eğitimbilim 9, no. 3 (September 10, 2016): 400–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/keg.10011.
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Cole, Galen E., Larry A. Tucker, and Glenn M. Friedman. "Measures of Objective and Subjective Stress by Level of Income." Psychological Reports 59, no. 1 (August 1986): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1986.59.1.139.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the possible relations between two types of stress (objective and subjective) and income. The methodological approach involved examining data collected via a health-screening process which was carried out among 10,350 adult males in various businesses and industries situated in the southwest region of the United States. The health-screening process assessed objective stress using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale and subjective stress using a 10-item Likert-type scale. The screening process also generated data regarding eight levels of income. Analysis of variance indicated that subjective stress was highest among individuals with the most income and lowest among those with the least income. Conversely, objective stress scores were highest among those with the least income and lowest among individuals with the most income. Also, objective and subjective stress scores were related as there were successive increases and decreases in respective stress scores for each increment of income. Based on these findings, apparently low-income groups experience more life-change events than high income groups, whereas high income groups seem to experience more psychological stress.
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Blaschke, Sarah-May, Sylvie D. Lambert, Patricia M. Livingston, Sanchia Aranda, Anna Boltong, Penelope Schofield, Suzanne K. Chambers, Meinir Krishnasamy, and Anna Ugalde. "Identifying priorities for cancer caregiver interventions: protocol for a three-round modified Delphi study." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024725.
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IntroductionCancer is often considered a chronic disease, and most people with cancer have a caregiver, often a family member or friend who provides a significant amount of care during the illness trajectory. Caregivers are frequently in need of support, and a range of interventions have been trialled to improve outcomes. Consensus for optimal ways to support caregivers is not known. The aim of this protocol paper is to describe procedures for a modified Delphi study to explore expert consensus about important factors when developing caregiver interventions.Methods and analysisOnline modified Delphi methodology will be used to establish consensus for important caregiver intervention factors incorporating the Patient problem, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome framework. Round 1 will comprise a free-text questionnaire and invite the panel to contribute factors they deem important in the development and evaluation of caregiver interventions. Round 2 is designed to determine preliminary consensus of the importance of factors generated in round 1. The panel will be asked to rate each factor using a 4-point Likert-type scale. The option for panellists to state reasoning for their rating will be provided. Descriptive statistics (median scores and IQR) will be calculated to determine each item’s relative importance. Levels of consensus will be assessed based on a predefined consensus rating matrix. In round 3, factors will be recirculated including aggregate group responses (statistics and comment summaries) and panellists’ own round 2 scores. Panellists will be invited to reconsider their judgements and resubmit ratings using the same rating system as in round 2. This will result in priority lists based on the panel’s total rating scores.Ethics and disseminationEthics for this study has been gained from the Deakin University Human Ethics Advisory Group. It is anticipated that the results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented in a variety of forums.
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Idowu, Oladele Oladimeji. "Evaluation of the Demand-Driven Agricultural Extension Curricula among Alumni from Selected Universities in Nigeria." Journal of Agricultural Extension 25, no. 2 (May 4, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jae.v25i2.1.
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The study assessed demand-driven agricultural extension curricula by alumni from universities in Nigeria partnering with Sasakawa Africa Fund for Extension Education (SAFE) on such curriculum for at least seven years. Using a cross-sectional research design and cluster sampling technique, 227 alumni were randomly selected from a population of 520. Data were collected through structured questionnaire on socio-economic characteristics, mode of study, areas of specialization operationalized as close-ended questions and rating of programme components on a 5 -point Likert type scale of poor (1) fair (2) good (3) very good (4) excellent (5) with 70 items. Data entry and analysis were done with SPSS 25 using percentages, mean score and multiple regression analysis. Adult education approaches, supervised enterprise projects, students’ supervision, academic advice, information sharing, and participation in research projects had highest positive rating; while fund raising, scholarship, opportunity for enrolling and be part of a professional scientific network, linkage & involvement with Sasakawa Africa Association (SAA) field activities, laboratories and variety of subjects offered had highest negative rating. Socio-economic characteristics of alumni were significantly correlated and explained 49 percent of the variation in programme rating. The study recommends that there is need to review the curricula covered in this study and mechanisms for compliance with the Sasakawa methodology should be reinvigorated.
Keywords: alumni, demand-driven, agricultural extension, university curricula.
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Guth, Todd, Michael Overbeck, Kelley Roswell, Tien Vu, Kayla Williamson, Yeonjoo Yi, William Hilty, and Jeff Druck. "Impact of a Dedicated Teaching Attending Experience on a Required Emergency Medicine Clerkship." Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 21, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2019.11.44399.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: One published strategy for improving educational experiences for medical students in the emergency department (ED) while maintaining patient care has been the implementation of dedicated teaching attending shifts. To leverage the advantages of the ED as an exceptional clinical educational environment and to address the challenges posed by the rapid pace and high volume of the ED, our institution developed a clerkship curriculum that incorporates a dedicated clinical educator role – the teaching attending – to deliver quality bedside teaching experiences for students in a required third-year clerkship. The purpose of this educational innovation was to determine whether a dedicated teaching attending experience on a third-year required emergency medicine (EM) clerkship would improve student-reported clinical teaching evaluations and student-reported satisfaction with the overall quality of the EM clerkship. Methods: Using a five-point Likert-type scale (1 - poor to 5 - excellent), student-reported evaluation ratings and the numbers of graduating students matching into EM were trended for 10 years retrospectively from the inception of the clerkship for the graduating class of 2009 through and including the graduating class of 2019. We used multinomial logistic regression to evaluate whether the presence of a teaching attending during the EM clerkship improved student-reported evaluation ratings for the EM clerkship. We used sample proportion tests to assess the differences between top-box (4 or 5 rating) proportions between years when the teaching attending experience was present and when it was not. Results: For clinical teaching quality, when the teaching attending is present the estimated odds of receiving a rating of 5 is 77.2 times greater (p <0.001) than when the teaching attending is not present and a rating of 4 is 27.5 times greater (p =0.0017). For overall clerkship quality, when the teaching attending is present, the estimated odds of receiving a rating of 5 is 13 times greater (p <0.001) and a rating of 4 is 5.2 times greater (p=0.0086) than when the teaching attending is not present. Conclusion: The use of a dedicated teaching attending shift is a successful educational innovation for improving student self-reported evaluation items in a third-year required EM clerkship.