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1
Lu, Lee-Hsing. "The readiness and willingness in China for OD change a mixed method study of Chinese management /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium access full-text, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3180740.
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Nchoe, Katlego Elaine. "Exploring the suitability of rating scales for measuring bullying among Grade 4 learners." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65450.
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The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate which bullying rating scale, between the Likert Scale (LS) and the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), is more appropriate for Grade 4 learners. Although literature verifies the reliability of these two rating scales used to measure bullying in young children, the validity and the suitability of these instruments for young learners has not been extensively explored in the South African context. The concern with bullying in this study has to do with the need for the accurate assessment/measurement of bullying, since a proper understanding of bullying depends on the accuracy of the instrument used. Against this backdrop, this study employed a survey design, rooted in a post-positivist conceptualisation of bullying, using a bullying questionnaire. The study’s questionnaire consisted of both LS and VAS response options, and was used to measure both the bully and the victims’ response option preferences (LS versus VAS), in addition to assessing the reliability and validity of both response options. A class of Grade 4 learners from one Model C school formed part of the survey and those who were willing to participate completed the Learner Bullying Questionnaire (LBQ). The school was selected using a purposive, non-probability sampling method based on the geographical area, the in addition to the incidence of bullying and diversity of the school population. The quantitative data obtained from the survey design questionnaires were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics as well as the Spearman correlation coefficient to determine the correlation between the VAS and LS responses for each question presented. Using the Wilcoxon tes, the differences between the two response options were determined (i.e. the variances in the preference scores and difficulty scores of the Grade 4 learners for the two response options). The results of the LBQ show no significant difference of scale preference for the Grade 4 learners. However, the learners - in the six scale preference questions included near the end of the LBQ - indicated that they preferred the VAS over the LS.Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Educational Psychology
MEd
Unrestricted
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Saho, Muhammed. "A Visualization Technique for Course Evaluations and Other Likert Scale Data." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28729.
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Course evaluation is one of the primary ways of collecting feedback from students at NDSU. Since almost every student in every course submits one at the end of the semester, it generates a lot of data. The data is summarized into text based reports with emphasis on average rating of each question. At one page per course, analyzing these reports can be overwhelming. Furthermore, it is very difficult to identify patterns in the text reports. We combine heat maps and small multiples to introduce a visualization of the data that allows for easier comparison between courses, departments, etc. We defined a data format for storing and transmitting the data. We built an interactive web application that consumes the aforementioned data format and generates the visualizations. We simulated reference data to facilitate interpretation of the visualizations. Finally, we discussed how our research can be applied more generally to Likert scale data.
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Javaras, Kristin Nicole. "Statistical analysis of Likert data on attitudes." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:50754d97-86c2-433d-96b0-319787ece3e5.
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Researchers interested in measuring people's underlying attitudes towards an object (e.g., abortion) often collect Likert data by administering a survey. Likert data consist of surveyees' responses to statements about the object, where responses fall into ordered categories running from `Strongly agree' to `Strongly disagree' or into a `Don't Know / Can't Choose' category. Two examples of Likert data are used for illustrative purposes. The first dataset was collected by the author from American and British graduate students at Oxford University and contains items measuring underlying abortion attitudes. The second dataset was taken from British and American responses to the 1995 National Identity Survey (NIS) and contains items measuring underlying national pride and immigration attitudes. A model for Likert data and underlying attitudes is introduced. This model is more principled than existing models. It treats people's underlying attitudes as latent variables, and it specifies a relationship between underlying attitudes and responses that is consistent with attitudinal research. Further, the formal probability model for responses allows people's interpretation of the response categories to differ. The model is fitted by maximising an appropriate likelihood. Variants of the model are used to analyse Likert data in three contexts; in each, the method using our model compares favourably to existing methods. First, the model is used to visualise the structure underlying the abortion attitude data. This method of visualization produces more sensible plots than analogous multivariate data visualization methods. Second, the model is used to select the statements whose responses (in the abortion attitude data) best reflect underlying abortion attitudes. Our method of statement selection more closely adheres to attitude researchers' stated aims than popular methods based on sample correlations. Third, the model is used to investigate how underlying national pride varies with nationality in the NIS data and also how underlying abortion attitude varies with gender, religious status, and nationality in the abortion attitude data. Unlike methods currently used by social scientists to model the relationship between attitudes and covariates, our method controls for the effects of differing response category interpretation. As a result, inferences about group differences in underlying attitudes are more robust to group differences in response category interpretation.
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Tucker-Seeley, Kevon R. "The Effects of Using Likert vs. Visual Analogue Scale Response Options on the Outcome of a Web-based Survey of 4th Through 12th Grade Students: Data from a Randomized Experiment." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2624.
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Thesis advisor: Michael RussellFor more than a half century surveys and questionnaires with Likert-scaled items have been used extensively by researchers in schools to draw inferences about students; however, to date there has not been a single study that has examined whether alternative item response types on a survey might lead to different results than those obtained with Likert scales in a K-12 setting. This lack of direct comparisons leaves the best method of framing response options in educational survey research unclear. In this study, 4th through 12th grade public school students were administered two versions of the same survey online: one with Likert-scaled response options and the other with visual analogue-scaled response options. A randomized, fixed-effect, between-subjects experimental design was implemented to investigate whether the survey with visual analogue-scaled items yielded results comparable to the survey with Likert-scaled items based on the following four methods and indices: 1) factor structure; 2) internal consistency and test-retest reliability; 3) survey summated scores; and 4) main, interaction, and simple effects. Results of the first three indices suggested that both the Likert scale and visual analogue scale produced similar factor structures, were equally reliable, and yielded summated scores that were not significantly different across all three school levels (elementary, middle, and high school). Results of the factorial ANOVA suggested that only the main effect of school level was statistically significant but that there was no significant interaction between item response type and school level. Results of the post-survey questionnaires suggested that students at all school levels preferred answering questions on the survey with the VAS compared to the LS nearly three to one
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation
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Zhang, Xijuan. "Improving the factor structure of psychological scales : the Expanded format as the alternative to the Likert scale format." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54043.
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Many psychological scales written in the Likert format include reverse worded (RW) items in order to control acquiescence bias. However, studies have shown that RW items often contaminate the factor structure of the scale by creating one or more method factors. The present study examines an alternative scale format, called the Expanded format, which replaces each response option in the Likert scale with a full sentence. We hypothesized that this format would result in a cleaner factor structure as compared to the Likert format. We tested this hypothesis on three popular psychological scales: the Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, the Conscientiousness subscale of the Big Five Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory II. Scales in both formats showed comparable reliabilities and convergent validities. However, scales in the Expanded format had better (i.e., lower and more theoretically defensible) dimensionalities than scales in the Likert format, as assessed by both exploratory factor analyses and confirmatory factor analyses. We encourage further study and wider use of the Expanded format, particularly when the dimensionality of a scale is of theoretical interest.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Dittrich, Regina, Brian Francis, Reinhold Hatzinger, and Walter Katzenbeisser. "A Paired Comparison Approach for the Analysis of Sets of Likert Scale Responses." Department of Statistics and Mathematics, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/654/1/document.pdf.
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This paper provides an alternative methodology for the analysis of a set of Likert responses measured on a common attitudinal scale when the primary focus of interest is on the relative importance of items in the set. The method makes fewer assumptions about the distribution of the responses than the more usual approaches such as comparisons of means, MANOVA or ordinal data methods. The approach transforms the Likert responses into paired comparison responses between the items. The complete multivariate pattern of responses thus produced can be analysed by an appropriately reformulated paired comparison model. The dependency structure between item responses can also be modelled flexibly. The advantage of this approach is that sets of Likert responses can be analysed simultaneously within the Generalized Linear Model framework, providing standard likelihood based inference for model selection. This method is applied to a recent international survey on the importance of environmental problems. (author's abstract)Series: Research Report Series / Department of Statistics and Mathematics
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Lane, Loraine Deforia. "The effect of a single music therapy session on hospitalized children as measured by salivary immunoglobulin A, speech pause time, and a Patient Opinion Likert Scale." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1055429377.
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Classen, Elizabeth Maria. "Investigation of the optimal response scale for personality measurement : computer–based testing / Elizabeth Maria Classen." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/6918.
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return and payback period. All these above techniques will be analysed in three different
scenarios, namely:
1. Mine X will stay with its current operations without any new projects.
2. The development project will begin immediately.
3. A six–month delay in development of the project.
The study found that the net present value was positive, the internal rate of return was more than
the discount rate and the payback period was shorter than the project’s life–time regarding to all
three above–mentioned scenarios. The highest net present value is calculated in case the project
starts immediately. Both the internal rate of return and the payback period indicated that a six
month delay in the project is the most viable.
After considering all the facts, the study concluded due to the highest net present value the best
feasible recommendation would be to start the project immediately.
The value of this study is that it is the first study to investigate the relationship between the
viability to delay or to start the investment project immediately in the South African mining
industry. This study is also unique, since it takes into account how mining industries world–wide
can achieve long–term success through development projects without losing key players, due to
impulsive short–term downsizing decisions.
To be able to use personality tests in the most reliable and valid manner there are many considerations to be taken into account. Variables such as the population used, the culture of the test–takers, the mode of administration, whether pencil–and–paper or computer–based testing procedures, familiarity with computers when using computer–based tests and the response format to be used when administering the personality questionnaire are but some of the considerations.
Within South Africa it is that much more important to consider the mode of administration, whether pencil–and–paper tests or computer–based tests, as there are many individual groups who have been historically disadvantaged when it comes to the use of computers as a testing method. It is just as important to consider the response scale to be utilised when administering personality testing as this may influence the results obtained and can influence the reliability and validity of these results.
The objective of this study was to determine which response scale, dichotomous or polytomous, was the best to use when conducting computer–based personality testing. The questionnaire that was utilised was the South African Personality Inventory (SAPI) questionnaire; however, only items from the Soft–Heartedness cluster were employed as the objective was not to test the questionnaire but to test the most reliable and valid response scale to be used in conjunction with the questionnaire. A convenience sampling approach was utilised and the questionnaire was administered to students who were available and able to take the test (N = 724). Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and Cronbach Alpha coefficients were used to analyse the data obtained.Thesis (M.Com. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Cogan, Nancy, and n/a. "A cross-denominational study of beliefs and attitudes about domestic violence." University of Canberra. Professional & Community Education, 1998. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.102538.
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This thesis reports the results of a survey of Christian church attenders
which explored their attitudes and beliefs towards domestic violence. An
extensive review of the relevant literature covers the nature of, and research
into domestic violence; attitudes toward domestic violence; the relationship of
domestic violence to doctrines and practices in the Judeo-Chrlstian tradition
and in modern Christianity; and relevant topics in attribution theory. A survey
of beliefs and attitudes about husband-to-wife physical violence was designed
for this project. The questionnaire consisted of 53 items using a 5 point Likert
scale and an optional, open-ended comments section. It was distributed to 12
congregations, representing 6 denominations, in the Canberra region.
Participation was voluntary, and 340 questionnaires were completed. The
gender ratio of the respondents is consistent with other studies of church
attending populations, and Chi-square analysis found no significant
differences in gender balance among the denominations. Factor analysis of the
responses identified 8 subscales which explored themes of responsibility for
and justification of violence, community support for perpetrators and victims,
and beliefs about sex roles. Analysis of variance revealed significant
differences among the denominations in beliefs about sex roles, but failed to
find expected parallels in the justification and responsibility subscales. This
sample is more in agreement than is the general population that neither a
wife's action nor her verbal behaviour is justification for a husband to use
physical force against her, and it is personally more willing to give support to
victims of domestic violence and to helping perpetrators to change. Gender is
more frequently a significant factor across the subscales than denomination.
Comments from 190 respondents were categorised and provide qualitative
data which is juxtaposed with the quantitative results. Directions for future
research are discussed.
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Ralepeli, Selebeli Gideon. "Employee perceptions on managing diversity in the workplace / S.G. Ralepeli." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2905.
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Montes, Antônio da Conceição. "Modelo alternativo para diagnóstico do clima organizacional em instituições de ensino." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2015. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5151.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Although belonging to the same social system, governmental and commercial organizations, among others, possess different internal environments and behaviors. Teaching institution, for example, It differs from other organizations, not only in architecture but also in the internal climate and culture. This study aims, verify and discuss an appropriate questionnaire model to evaluate the organizational climate in higher education institutions. The assessment of this instrument is focused on ease of understanding of the items by the respondents, proposed based on the synthesis of some of the instruments already used to evaluate the organizational climate to measure the organizational climate to effectively assess such a climate in secondary education institutions, allowing for swifter analysis, interpretations and diagnostics of data obtained through this method without compromising quality, effectiveness or relevance of results. Based on the literature review, different models measuring organizational climate were observed, each analyzing the dimensions associated with determined properties of the specific organization to be studied. The presented instrument is based on the characteristics of the work context for which it was created and responds to the lack of tools that allow for simple evaluation of the specific climate of teaching institutions. In conclusion, the climate was acknowledged as a construct of considerable interest within the research field of Organizational Behavior, predominantly as a result of its demonstrable influence over organizational effectiveness. Key
Embora pertençam a um mesmo sistema social, as organizações governamentais e comerciais, entre outras, possuem comportamentos e ambientes internos diferentes. As instituições de ensino, por exemplo, diferem das outras organizações, não só na arquitetura, mas também no clima interno e na cultura. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, verificar e discutir um modelo de questionário adequado para avaliação do clima organizacional em instituições de Ensino Superior. A avaliação deste instrumento é focada na facilidade de compreensão dos itens por parte dos entrevistados, proposto com base na síntese de alguns dos instrumentos já utilizados para avaliação do clima organizacional para aferir o clima organizacional em uma instituição de ensino superior de maneira eficiente, proporcionando maior rapidez na interpretação, análise e diagnóstico dos dados obtidos por meio deste instrumento sem comprometer a qualidade, eficácia e relevância dos resultados. Com base na revisão da literatura, foram observados diferentes modelos para medir o clima organizacional e cada um analisa as dimensões associadas com determinadas propriedades da organização específica a ser estudada. O instrumento apresentado baseia-se nas características do contexto de trabalho para o qual foi criado e responde à falta de instrumentos que permitam avaliar de forma simples o clima especifico de instituições de ensino. Em resumo, o clima foi estabelecido como uma construção de considerável interesse dentro do campo da pesquisa de comportamento organizacional, predominantemente como resultado de sua influência demonstrável sobre a eficácia organizacional.
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Bank, Volker, and Sam F. Schaal. "Zum Einsatz von Likert-Skalen im betrieblichen Bildungscontrolling." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-60888.
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Der Bereich des Controllings betrieblicher Qualifikation und Bildung stellt die Controller vor erhebliche, z.T. unlösbare Probleme: Fast alles, was die Steuerung betrieblichen Lernens anbetrifft, bezieht sich auf nur schwer meßbare latente Größen. In diesem Beitrag soll die methodologische Problematik in einem zentralen Bereich der Steuerung von Maßnahmen betrieblichen Lernens angegangen werden: die Bedarfsanalyse. Zur rationalen Steuerung betrieblicher (Weiter-)Bildung ist die Ermittlung des tatsächlich vorhandenen Bildungsbedarfs unerläßlich. Nur so kann das Kriterium der Wirtschaftlichkeit von (Weiter-)Bildungsmaßnahmen erfüllt werden. Es wird dafür die Nutzung des Verfahrens der summierten Einschätzungen nach Rensis Likert (sogenannte Likert-Skalen) zur Lösung des zugrundeliegenden Meßproblems untersucht. Der Artikel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur Operationalisierung und Messung des Weiterbildungsbedarfs und skizziert Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschung, um eine Anwendung in der betrieblichen Praxis zu ermöglichen.
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Cross, Emily L. "Investigating The Discrepancy Between Theory And Empirical Research In Knowledge Transfer And Innovation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15925/1/Emily_Cross_Thesis.pdf.
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The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. The literature documents that increasing knowledge transfer can both increase and decrease an organisation's capability to innovate. This study proposes a model that integrates these two theoretical standpoints and in doing so hypothesizes a non-linear (parabolic) relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. Empirical research to date, including the work of Storey and Kelly (2002), document a linear relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. In order to investigate the possibility of a non-linear relationship this study proposes and tests refinements to Storey and Kelly's methodology. A refined survey questionnaire was sent to all the local government councils within two Australian states and both linear and quadratic statistical analyses were performed. The results of this pilot study revealed linear relationships between four of the six knowledge transfer questions and the innovation measurement question. A further refinement to the methodology is recommended before a non-linear relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation is rejected.
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Cross, Emily L. "Investigating The Discrepancy Between Theory And Empirical Research In Knowledge Transfer And Innovation." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15925/.
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The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. The literature documents that increasing knowledge transfer can both increase and decrease an organisation's capability to innovate. This study proposes a model that integrates these two theoretical standpoints and in doing so hypothesizes a non-linear (parabolic) relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. Empirical research to date, including the work of Storey and Kelly (2002), document a linear relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation. In order to investigate the possibility of a non-linear relationship this study proposes and tests refinements to Storey and Kelly's methodology. A refined survey questionnaire was sent to all the local government councils within two Australian states and both linear and quadratic statistical analyses were performed. The results of this pilot study revealed linear relationships between four of the six knowledge transfer questions and the innovation measurement question. A further refinement to the methodology is recommended before a non-linear relationship between knowledge transfer and innovation is rejected.
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Almeida, Clícia Rejane de. "Aplicação do pacote computacional SPSS em pequisa de opinião utilizando escala de Likert." Universidade de Taubaté, 2016. http://www.bdtd.unitau.br/tedesimplificado/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=864.
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A pesquisa de opinião tem um papel importante dentro da
Engenharia de Produção, para o auxilio da confiabilidade da pesquisa é necessário ferramentas que sejam capazes de medir e trazer resultados de confiança. No presente estudo buscou-se apresentar a melhor forma da criação de um questionário com a utilização de uma escala confiável e conseqüentemente usar o pacote estatístico computacional SPSS para avaliar o caso. A Escala de Likert, utilizada para o questionário, é uma abordagem de resposta que mede a extensão de satisfação com um conjunto de instruções e perguntas realizadas através do questionário, este tipo de categoria de resposta faz com que seja fácil de quantificar, simplificando a análise de dados. Com a utilização do softwares o SPSS pode demonstrar que mesmo as pessoas pouco familiarizadas com softwares o SPSS pode auxiliar para tabulação e análise dos dados, pois sua plataforma é auto interativa e com resultados confiáveis.The opinion survey has an important role within Production Engineeringor the help of the search reliability is necessary tools to be able to measure and bring reliable results. In the present study we sought to present the best way of creating a questionnaire using a reliable scale and therefore use the computer SPSS to evaluate the case. The Likert scale used for the questionnaire is a response approach to measuring the extent of satisfaction with a set of instructions and questions asked in the questionnaire, this type of response category makes it easy to quantify, simplifying the analysis data. Using the software SPSS can demonstrate that even people unfamiliar with SPSS software can help for tabulation and analysis of data because its platform is self interactive and reliable results.
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Mayer, Diane E., and n/a. "Perceptions of a microteaching program by preservice primary teachers and their university tutors." University of Canberra. Education, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060907.133436.
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This thesis reports on the perceptions held by second year preservice primary
teachers and their tutors/supervisors of a 1990 microteaching program at a regional
university in Queensland. Perceptions were ascertained on (a) the skills addressed,
(b) peer and tutor feedback, (c) the self evaluation techniques used, (d) the content
level taught, (e) the videotaping of the sessions, and (f) the effectiveness of the
program in the continuing development of teaching skills for preservice teachers.
Perceptions were collected using a questionnaire designed for the purpose. The
questionnaire incorporates fixed response options, for which percentages of those
agreeing with each response are presented in tabular form. It also invites open
ended responses which are coded according to the areas designated of interest for
the study. A Likert type rating scale is used to ascertain opinions on the
effectiveness of the program for developing particular classroom teaching skills.
Results of the study indicate that for the participants, microteaching is appropriate
and effective in helping to provide prospective teachers with experiences that
complement practice teaching in schools, but that the actual structure and
components of any such program requires some discussion. Analysis indicates a
need to vary microteaching programs from those of many traditional approaches
based on the early Stanford model. The writer suggests the concept of a teaching-learning
laboratory based on a macro teaching skill approach with peers as more
appropriate for current preservice teacher education.
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Mokkala, Marianne. "Student satisfaction in tourism education : The case of Dalarna University, Borlänge, Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Turismvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-17992.
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The students' expectations must be met to ensure their overall satisfaction. Because of this student satisfaction has become a measurement tool with which the universities can compete against each other in order to attract potential students and also a higher level of internal and external funding. This thesis deals with students' overall satisfaction in tourism education at Dalarna University in Sweden. It is important to understand what it takes for the universities to be able to produce a motivated workforce for the communities and how satisfied students could help in achieving this goal. Sweden was selected because of the recent introduction of tuition fees, in 2010, which has made it even more crucial to understand the factors affecting students' satisfaction. The method chosen for conducting this study was a questionnaire where the students of Dalarna University were asked to rate different aspects of their overall experience on a Likert scale. The research was conducted via Facebook and email questionnaire. The results show different levels of satisfaction based on the tourism programmes and gender for example. The major finding from this research implicate that the social conditions and surrounding city categories are the most influential when it comes to the overall satisfaction of students at Dalarna University. The results give the university and the city of Borlänge an insight on issues that really matter to the students and how to improve them.
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Zampronha, Maria Amélia Güllnitz. "A experiência com o outro de alunos de graduação em psicologia e o uso da internet." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10378.
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Previous issue date: 2012-09-26Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The present dissertation s object of study is the Psychology students experience of relationship. The objective is to verify the correlation between said experience and Internet use regarding three aspects, here defined as analytical categories: prejudice, technological rationality and narcissism. Since Psychology s object of study is the individual, regarding one s relationships with society, the psychologist is expected to be able to observe and distinguish himself from the others and the others among themselves, noticing and distinguishing them, and to think critically about the social, economical, cultural and political contexts in which they live. The theoretical reference to ground this research, the questionnaire s development and the data analysis is the critical theory. The method consists in the use of a Questionaire about Internet habits and a Likert scale, called Experience with others Scale (E Scale) and the statistical analysis of the results. The E Scale is divided in three subscales, prejudice, technological rationality and narcissism, and evaluates the subjects attitudes and opinions regarding the three analytical categories, understanding that said categories may permeate and interfere in the experience with others and in the experience of selfconsciousness. A high score in the E Scale indicates lack of the spontaneous experience. The subjects are 72 Psychology students of a private college in São Paulo. The hypothesis predicted: a strong correlation between Internet use and attitudes manifested in the relationship with others; use more related to communication and solution to immediate problems than to information; and the more frequent this use, higher the E Scale s score. It was verified that the subjects tend to express more prejudice and adherence to technological rationality than narcissism and that there is correlation between Internet use and the manifestation of the three categories
O objeto de estudo da presente dissertação é a experiência com o outro de alunos de graduação em Psicologia. O objetivo é verificar a relação entre esta experiência e o uso da Internet considerando três aspectos, aqui definidos como categorias de análise: preconceito, racionalidade tecnológica e narcisismo. Já que o objeto de estudo da Psicologia é o indivíduo, considerado em suas relações com a sociedade, espera-se que o psicólogo seja capaz de perceber-se e diferenciar-se dos outros indivíduos, de percebê-los e diferenciá-los entre si e de refletir criticamente acerca dos contextos social, econômico, cultural e político em que está inserido. O referencial teórico para fundamentar a pesquisa, a construção do instrumento e a análise dos dados é a teoria crítica da sociedade. O método compreende a aplicação de um Questionário de hábitos de uso de Internet e de uma escala Likert, denominada escala de Experiência com o outro (escala E), e o tratamento estatístico dos resultados obtidos. A escala E é dividida em três subescalas, de preconceito, de racionalidade tecnológica e de narcisismo, e avalia as atitudes e opiniões dos sujeitos em relação às três categorias de análise, compreendendo que elas podem permear e interferir na experiência com o outro e na experiência de autoconsciência. Um alto escore na escala E indica prejuízo da experiência espontânea. Os sujeitos são 72 alunos do curso de graduação em Psicologia, de uma faculdade privada da cidade de São Paulo. As hipóteses previam: forte correlação entre o uso da Internet e as atitudes expressas na relação com o outro; uso mais relacionado à comunicação e à solução de problemas imediatos que à informação; e que quanto maior esse tipo de uso, maior a pontuação na escala E. Verificou-se que a amostra tende a expressar maiores graus de preconceito e adesão à racionalidade tecnológica e menor grau de narcisismo e que há correlação entre o modo como os sujeitos utilizam a Internet e a expressão dessas três categorias
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茉莉子, 髙岸, 高岸 茉莉子, and Mariko Takagishi. "Clustering and visualization for enhancing interpretation of categorical data." Thesis, https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13112135/?lang=0, 2019. https://doors.doshisha.ac.jp/opac/opac_link/bibid/BB13112135/?lang=0.
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本論文では大規模カテゴリカルデータのデータ解釈の場面で生じる問題を考えた．データが大規模な場合，クラスター分析や視覚化などで，データの潜在的な構造を調べる方法が有用とされるが，対象ごとにカテゴリの解釈が異なったり，同じ属性でも回答傾向が異なったりすると解釈が複雑になる．本論文ではそのように既存手法をシンプルに適用するのでは解釈が難しいようなデータに対して，よりわかりやすい解釈をするための手法を開発した．Large-scale categorical data are often obtained in various fields. As an interpretation of large-scale data tends to be complicated, methods to capture the latent structure in data, such as a cluster analysis and a visualization method are often used to make data more interpretable. However, there are some situations where these methods failed to capture the latent structure that is interpretable (e.g., interpretation of categories by each respondent is different). Therefore in this paper, two problems that often occur in large-scale categorical data analysis is considered, and new methods to address these issues are proposed.
博士(文化情報学)
Doctor of Culture and Information Science
同志社大学
Doshisha University
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Cairo, V. "MOTIVAZIONI, VALUTAZIONE E PROSPETTIVE NELLA PARTECIPAZIONE DEGLI AGRICOLTORI ALLE MISURE AGRO-AMBIENTALI:ANALISI QUALI-QUANTITATIVA SU UN CAMPIONE DI AZIENDE LOMBARDE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/341976.
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Agro-environmental measures (AEMs) are policy instruments in the European Union that pay farmers for voluntary environmental commitments and protection of the European countryside.
The first AEMs were introduced by Reg. 2078/1992, thank to the MacSharry Reform. In this time they were “accompanying measures” and they were used to sustain rural income after decoupling and the abolishment of internal price support.
In the following programming period it became mandatory to every Member State to consider Agro-environmental measures part of their Rural Developing Programs and they became one of the most important instrument of the EU for rural areas.
Investigating literature about AEMs, we understand that the determinants of farmers’ participation were not only to be searched on farm structure and farmers’ characteristics, but also in personal attitudes using the Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behavior (1991).
We collect 227 questionnaires of farmers participating in Agro-environmental measures in Lombardy during the last programming period in order to evaluate the perceptions of the respondents on the policy and explore motivations that drive farmers in the participation, evaluating both farm structural factors and their attitudes.
The study is composed by two main parts: one is focused on the construction of the identikit of the “standard participant” through a Likert scale survey and a qualitative analysis, and the other one is focused on modeling factors affecting the subscription of agro-environmental contracts.
In the first part, farmers answer questions concerning their perceptions about the role of conventional and environmental friendly agriculture, the impact of AEMs in their daily practices and economic aspects associated with them. They identify the reasons that push them to participate, the functions of the farm and the future they imagine for their business.
Through a classifications of farmers using personal and farm characteristics, we subdivides the sample and we try to understand how this parameters influence the answers and to typify the AEMs’ participant.
In the second part we implemented a logit model in order to answer the question “which are the determinants for the participation in agro-environmental measures in the next programming period?”, matching farm characteristics and farmers’ personal attitudes.
Farmers choose to participate in AEMs for environmental reasons and to value their own production on the market. Most of them are interested in increasing their income through the measures.
They are strongly aware of agriculture’s role of environmental manager and public goods producer but they aren’t satisfied with the recognition that is given by the decision-maker. In particular farmers criticize the Administration for procedures, bureaucracy and inspection but, finally, they want to continue to participate in AEMs.
Factors affecting the participation are linked to farm characteristics, such as its UAA or its membership to organic farms, and to the farmers perceptions on some issues, such as stiffness of control and satisfaction on the environmental performances of the measures.
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Bayudan, Kenny Juntilla. "Students' attitude towards mathematics at the University of Évora, Portugal." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/11825.
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Este estudo é uma tentativa de determinar a atitude dos estudantes de
primeiro ano, que tiveram como objecto de estudo a matemática no primeiro
semestre no ano académico de 13/14 na universidade de Évora, Portugal.
Um questionário foi feito, passou por verificações de fiabilidade e validade, e
serviu para reunir dados sobre a atitude dos estudantes em relação a
matemática tais como a motivação, interesses, compreensão e níveis de
ansiedade. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que os alunos de
primeiro ano normalmente têm uma atitude positiva em relação à matemática
antes de entrarem na universidade. Existe uma forte correlação ente a
atitude, motivação e interesse, perceção da competência e nível de
ansiedade. Esta avaliação é importante para a universidade e para o seu
corpo administrativo pois levanta preocupações sobre o fator aprendizagem.
Também ajuda a entender a predisposição dos estudantes para a matemática
e ajuda a criar hipóteses de intervenção para ajudar aqueles que tem uma
atitude mais negativa em relação ao objecto de estudo; ### Abstract:
Students’ Attitude towards Mathematics at the University of Évora,
Portugal
This study is an attempt to determine the attitude of freshmen students who
were taking a math subject in the fall semester of the academic year 2013-
2014 at the University of Évora, Portugal. A questionnaire was developed,
which underwent validity and reliability analyses, and used to gather data
about students’ attitude towards math and their motivation, interest, perceived
competence, and anxiety levels. The results of this research show that
freshmen students generally have positive attitude towards mathematics prior
to commencing university formation. There is a strong positive correlation
between attitude and the motivation and interest, perceived competence and
anxiety dimensions. This assessment is important to the university faculty and
administration as it raises concern on the affective aspect of learning. It also
helps them to understand the disposition of their students in math and create
possible means of intervention to help those with a negative attitude towards
the subject.
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Dang, Thi Quynh Huong. "Development and validation of an instrument to measure epistemic beliefs and attitudes." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20220/document.
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Cette recherche a consisté en le développement et la validation d'outils psychométriques servant à mesurer chez les étudiants une évolution dans les croyances épistémiques (c.-à-d. les croyances concernant les sciences, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage) et les attitudes épistémiques (c.-à-d. les conceptions, affects et valeurs envers des objets épistémiques comme la connaissance ou le savoir scientifique). Les valeurs et affects sont d'une importance primordiale dans l'éducation épistémologique, comme le sont les croyances ou les valeurs. Toutefois, ils semblent souvent négligés dans les approches pédagogiques ou dans la recherche. De plus, avant la présente recherche, il n'y avait pas d'instrument quantitatif fiable adapté au contexte français pour mesurer les croyances envers les sciences, l'enseignement et l'apprentissage. Pour ces raisons, nous avons développé dans la langue française un Questionnaire sur les Attitudes et les Croyances Epistémiques (QACE ou EBAI en anglais pour Epistemic Beliefs and Attitudes Inventory), qui est composé d'échelles de Likert et de différentiateurs sémantiques. Nous avons mené trois études. La première (Study 1) a été menée en France auprès de 283 étudiants pour explorer la structure de la première version du QACE (QACE1). Ensuite, cette version été utilisée pour évaluer l'impact de deux modules d'épistémologie sur les populations d'étudiants concernées. Les résultats ont indiqué une bonne consistance interne des échelles et leur capacité à mesurer des changements significatifs dans les attitudes et croyances épistémiques des étudiants. Dans une deuxième étude menée au Vietnam, nous avons examiné les propriétés psychométriques d'une traduction vietnamienne du QACE1 auprès de 228 étudiants ou professeurs (Study 2). Un résultat marquant est que les différentiateurs sémantiques se sont révélé être des outils novateurs simples et prometteurs pour mesurer les attitudes et croyances épistémiques. Cela peut être expliqué par leur robustesse psychométrique, leur forte sensibilité pour discriminer entre les groupes et la facilité avec laquelle on peut les adapter dans une autre culture. Troisièmement, la version préliminaire de l'instrument a été améliorée. Nous avons ensuite conduit en France une étude de validation de cette nouvelle version (QACE2) après de 729 étudiants (Study 3). Plusieurs construits théoriquement apparentés (comme le Epistemological Beliefs Inventory de Schraw et al., 2002; le Cognitive Complexity Indicator indiquant les position de Perry à partir du questionnaire Learning Environment Preferences de Moore, 1989; et l'échelle de dogmatisme de Shearman & Levine, 2006) ont été utilisés pour établir la validité du QACE2. Les résultats de la validation croisée sur les moitiés d'échantillons et de la fiabilité test-retest ont mis en évidence que le QACE2 est un outil fiable, stable et valide pour mesurer les croyances et attitudes épistémiques. Cette recherche a ouvert de nombreuses perspectives concernant, notamment, la vérification de la capacité du QACE2 à mesurer l'impact de modules d'épistémologie, la vérification de son adaptation à d'autres contextes francophones ou encore l'utilisation potentielle des différentiateurs sémantiques pour les recherches interculturelles sur l'épistémologie personnelleThis research has focused on developing and validating psychometric tools to measure changes in university students' epistemic beliefs (i.e., beliefs about science, teaching, and learning) and epistemic attitudes (i.e., conceptions, affects, and values towards epistemic objects e.g., knowledge, scientific knowledge). Epistemic affects and values are of primary importance in epistemological education, as epistemic beliefs or conceptions do. However they seem to be often neglected in the pedagogical and research approaches. Moreover, before the present research, there was no reliable quantitative instrument to measure beliefs about science, learning and teaching specifically adapted to the French context. For these reasons, we developed the Epistemic Beliefs and Attitudes Inventory (EBAI), a set of Likert-type and semantic differential scales. We conducted three studies. The first study (Study 1) was conducted in France on 283 university students to explore the structure of the first version of the EBAI (EBAI1). The EBAI1 has then been used to evaluate the impact of two scientific epistemology related modules on the corresponding two students' populations. Results indicated robust internal consistencies of the scales and their ability to measure changes in students' epistemic beliefs and attitudes. In a second study, we preliminarily examined the psychometric properties of a Vietnamese translation of the EBAI1 in Vietnam with 228 participants, university students and teachers (Study 2). The results unravelled inadequacies of some scales to the Vietnamese context. One striking result is that the semantic differential scales appeared to be promising innovative and simple tools to measure epidemic attitudes and epistemic beliefs. We explain that by their strong psychometric properties, their high sensitivity in group discrimination, and the easiness to adapt them to another culture. Thirdly, the preliminary version of the instrument was revised for improvement and strengthening. We then conducted, in France, a validation study of this new version (EBAI2) among 729 students (Study 3). Several theoretically related constructs (e.g., general epistemological beliefs measured by the Epistemological Beliefs Inventory, Schraw et al., 2002; Cognitive Complexity Indicator indicating Perry's positions measured by the Learning Environment Preferences, Moore, 1989; and dogmatism measured by the Dogmatism Scale, Shearman & Levine, 2006) were used to establish the construct validity of the updated instrument (EBAI2). Results of double-split cross-validation and test-retest reliability showed a high reliability and temporal stability of the EBAI2. In summary, the findings supported that the EBAI2 is a reliable, stable and valid tool to measure epistemic beliefs and attitudes. This research opened many perspectives such as, for instance, checking for the EBAI2 ability to measure the impact of scientific epistemology related modules, checking for its adaptation to other francophone contexts, or using semantic differentials for cross-cultural researches in personal epistemology
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Zani, Kelly Keyth Guimarães. "Análise da percepção das comunidades escolares sobre segurança de trânsito no entorno das escolas do município de São Carlos S.P." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4348.
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-30The rates of traffic accidents have shown a serious public health issue. The incompatibility between the built environment of cities, the behavior of drivers, the great movement of pedestrians under unsafe conditions, becomes Brazil one of the highest rates of traffic accidents worldwide. Trampling stands as the leading cause of death from accidents involving children from five to ten years old. Often, children at this age are starting school, that´s the point having a window of vulnerability in which both expectations about the demands of adults extrapolate the skills that these children are able to offer, if viewed on condition of pedestrians who are expected mature enough to cross streets safely. It s a huge justification, putting into practice investments researches focused on the preservation and integrity of life of children and teenagers. The school grounds are daily destination for millions of children worldwide, this study tried to identify the perception of groups of people who use the areas surrounding the school, in relation to traffic safety. The opinions were issued through completing questionnaires, using a Likert´s scale guided exclusively for engineering, traffic education and legal effort. This scale is widely used to verify people's opinion for a particular topic, because it requires respondents indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with a series of statements related to the object of study. The diagnosis of these perceptions can contribute to a better understanding of the school environment, particularly related to traffic safety, offering subsidies to technicians responsible to develop policies, strategies and action plans, aimed at road safety. For purposes didactic only, this paper is divided into six chapters. The first presents the introduction, purpose and structure of the work, the second brings the theoretical explanation and the three "Es" of traffic insurance, the third section describes the scale used for the interpretation of the questionnaires and procedures for analysis of the questionnaires, the fourth shows the importance of the five (5) groups that guided this research, the fifth chapter is flagged with an overview of the schools and the sample size calculation for the analysis of questionnaires and finally the sixth and final chapter presents the conclusions and findings of the research, as well as some recommendations for further research in the area of traffic safety around the school areas.
Os índices de acidentes de trânsito têm se mostrado uma grave questão de saúde pública. A incompatibilidade entre o ambiente construído das cidades, o comportamento dos motoristas, o grande movimento de pedestres sob condições inseguras, faz o Brasil deter um dos mais altos índices de acidentes de trânsito em todo o mundo. O atropelamento se destaca como a principal causa de morte por acidentes envolvendo crianças na faixa etária que oscila entre cinco a dez anos. Frequentemente, as crianças nesta idade estão iniciando a vida escolar, por isso apresentam uma janela de vulnerabilidade na qual tanto as expectativas quanto as demandas dos adultos extrapolam as habilidades que essas crianças têm condições de oferecer, se visualizadas na condição de pedestres de quem se espera maturidade suficiente para realizar uma travessia com segurança. Assim é plenamente justificável, o investimento e a realização de pesquisas com foco na preservação e integridade da vida de crianças e adolescentes. Sendo a área escolar o destino diário de milhões de crianças no mundo todo, este trabalhou procurou identificar a percepção dos grupos de pessoas que utilizam o entorno das áreas escolares, em relação a segurança no trânsito. As opiniões foram emitidas por meio de preenchimento de questionários, utilizando-se a escala de Likert pautado exclusivamente para as áreas de engenharia, educação para o trânsito e esforço legal. Esta escala é amplamente utilizada para se verificar a opinião das pessoas referentes a um determinado tema, pois exige que os entrevistados indiquem um grau de concordância ou discordância, com uma série de afirmações relacionadas ao objeto de estudo. Com o diagnóstico destas percepções é possível contribuir para um maior conhecimento do ambiente escolar, particularmente relacionado à segurança no trânsito, oferecendo subsídios aos técnicos responsáveis na elaboração de políticas, estratégias e planos de ação, voltados à segurança viária. Para efeito meramente didático, este trabalho está dividido em seis capítulos. O primeiro apresenta a introdução, objetivo e estrutura do trabalho, o segundo traz a fundamentação teórica e a explicação dos 3 Es do trânsito seguro, no terceiro capítulo é descrito a escala utilizado para a interpretação dos questionários e os procedimentos de análises dos questionários, o quarto apresenta a importância dos 5 (cinco) grupos que nortearam esta pesquisa, no quinto capítulo é sinalizado com um panorama das escolas e o cálculo amostral para as análises dos questionários e por fim o sexto e último capítulo apresenta as conclusões e resultados da pesquisa, bem como algumas recomendações para novas pesquisas na área de segurança de trânsito no entorno de áreas escolares.
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Alves, Ricardo Cavalcanti. "Análise empírica sobre a gestão e a avaliação de marcas em empresas brasileiras." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2012. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/894.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-26Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
In the last decades the world has seen great dissemination of powerful brands, local and world-known, not infrequently assessed in billions of dollars, leading to massive sales of products and services associated with them. And in that context it is clear the impact of the intrinsic value of the intangible assets brand of companies in mergers and acquisitions.Nowadays, it has been clear that a Company valuation has a relevant amount related to intangible assets and, among these, brands have significant importance. This study aimed to investigate what is the general perception, the control method and the valuation of brands on companies operating in Brazil, by gathering information about the companies where students and recent graduates of post-graduate in business administration related courses used to work.Thus, from the sample group of 134 companies operating in Brazil, were extracted details of five dimensions of brand: awareness about its importance, financial valuation of the brand,accounting recognition of brand value, management of this intangible asset and its use as a tactical and strategic performance ratio. The methodology used was a survey that, from statistical tests Chi-square Pearson test led to the conclusion that there is no significant relationship between the fact that companies sell products and services and aspects relating to each of the five dimensions studied. Other variables statistically compared by using the chisquare test meant for the sample companies, among other findings, the significant correlation between large companies and the fact that companies evaluate brands or negotiate them. Also, the study took into account the criteria of attitude scores of respondents based on the Likert scale. The resulting data reveal that the brands are still in need of greater attention from companies. It is a minority in the sample studied the incidence of financial valuation of the brand, as well as the proper focus on accounting and management reports. Internal control over brand management and variable compensation system based on ratios of the brand,though present, such items were observed in low intensity in the sample companies.
Nas últimas décadas o mundo tem assistido à grande proliferação de marcas poderosas, local e mundialmente conhecidas, avaliadas não raramente em bilhões de dólares, levando a vendas em massa de produtos e serviços a elas associadas. E nesse contexto é notório o impacto do valor intrínseco do ativo intangível marca no valor das empresas em movimentos de fusões e aquisições. Hoje sabe-se que um valuation conta com parte relevante de seu montante relacionado a ativos intangíveis e, entre tais, as marcas possuem significativo destaque. Este trabalho objetivou investigar qual é a percepção geral, o método de controle e a avaliação das marcas em companhias em operação no Brasil, a partir de levantamento de informações sobre as empresas em que trabalhavam estudantes e recém egressos de cursos de pós-graduação profissional em áreas ligadas à administração de negócios. Assim, da amostra pesquisada de 134 companhias atuantes no país, foram extraídos detalhes de cinco dimensões da marca:percepção sobre sua importância, avaliação financeira, reconhecimento contábil de seu valor,gestão desse ativo intangível e de seu uso como indicador de performance tática e estratégica. A metodologia utilizada foi um levantamento (ou survey) que, a partir de testes estatísticos qui-quadrado de Pearson , permitiu a constatação de que não há relacionamento significativo entre o fato das empresas comercializarem produtos e serviços e aspectos ligados a cada uma das cinco dimensões estudadas. Outras variáveis comparadas estatisticamente pelo teste de qui-quadrado resultaram para as companhias da amostra, entre outras constatações, a significativa correlação entre as empresas de grande porte e o fato das empresas avaliarem marcas ou as negociarem. O estudo também levou em conta o critério de escores de atitudes dos respondentes baseado na escala Likert. Os dados resultantes revelam que as marcas carecem ainda de maior atenção por parte das empresas. É minoritária na amostra estudada a incidência de avaliação financeira da marca, assim como o devido enfoque em relatórios contábeis e gerenciais. Os controles internos de gestão da marca e o sistema de remuneração variável baseado em indicadores da marca, embora existam, mostraram-se itens pouco observados nas companhias da amostra.
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Lindqvist, Sheila. "Evaluation of User Interface to Improve Documentation within the Elderly Care System." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98503.
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The usability of a software product is dependent on the end-user and the context of use. Having a user-friendly user interface that is appealing and easy to learn and use is essential for improved human productivity. However, this is not always the case. For instance, the computer-based documentation system Siebel used within the elderly care system; is perceived by most nursing assistants as complicated. The goal here is to evaluate the usability of the system's user interface, applying the usability metrics stated in the ISO/IEC-9126-1 standards to quantify the effectiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction of Siebel’s documentation system. A prototype user interface was developed for comparison with the current system. Likert-scale five-point scale; System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaires were used to measure User satisfaction. The results mirrored that the participants preferred the newly developed prototype user interface to the existing user interface
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DeAngelo, Angela. "Orientation Instructors and Undecided Students' Perceptions of Course Objectives." See Full Text at OhioLINK ETD Center (Requires Adobe Acrobat Reader for viewing), 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=toledo1083072363.
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Thesis (M.E.)--University of Toledo, 2004.Typescript. "A thesis [submitted] as partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Education degree in Higher Eduction." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69).
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Björck, Ville. "Induction and Commitment : A discursive psychological analysis of Nynas’ Induction Program and its influence on employee’s commitment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-161317.
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Abstract In accordance with several scholars in the field of human resource management, developing employee commitment towards the employing organization is valuable due to the assumption that it increases their satisfaction, productivity and adaptability. By taking a pedagogical perspective focusing on impact processes, the aim of this master thesis is primarily to identify the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires, of a few employees, in their descriptions of how the experience of Nynas’ Corporate Group Induction has influenced their commitment to Nynas, but also to categorize the constructions and functions of interpretive repertoires in a booklet underlined during the Corporate Group Induction, which I refer to as “This is Nynas”. In addition, the aim is to identify if other employees at Nynas share similar experiences, regarding the influence of the Corporate Group Induction. Moreover, the primary methodological approach used and theoretical perspective taken in this study is discursive psychology, based upon the premises of social constructionism. The empirical material is mainly consisting of interviews with six employees at Nynas, as well as of an analysis of the booklet “This is Nynas”. Additionally, the empirical material consists of a web-survey, based upon a five-point Likert scale, containing a sample of 25 employees. The study has identified two main interpretive repertoires in the booklet “This is Nynas”, explicitly the identity and the internalize repertoires, as well as subversions of these repertoires. In relation to this, the study has found that the interviewees in their language use to a large extent emphasize the interpretive repertoires constructed in “This is Nynas”. Furthermore, this master thesis have identified that the interviewees constructed certain interpretive repertoires when describing the experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment to Nynas, namely: the enhancement, the involvement, the development, the reciprocity and the constancy repertoires. Moreover, the study illustrates that the interviewees generally highlighted the Corporate Group Induction as having a strengthening influence on their commitment to Nynas, especially in relation to feelings of being a part of the company, due to the fact that they experienced themselves as active participants during the program. Furthermore, the result shows that the interviewees perceived the Corporate Group Induction as a sign of reciprocal dedication between themselves and Nynas, particularly on the subject of their integration into the company. Finally, the study has found that the experience of those who participated in the survey corresponded to a high extent with the interviewee’s experience of the Corporate Group Induction, and its influence on their commitment. Keywords: induction program, Corporate Group Induction, social constructionism, discourse analysis, discursive psychology, discursively constructed, reflexivity, commitment, affective, continuance, normative, Likert scale, late modernity, strategic sampling.
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Wendemagegnehu, Taleyihun Tadese. "The influence of social media on the travel decisionmaking behavior of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland : The case of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37697.
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The impact of international mobility and globalization on universities has led to a greater need for students. Thus, throughout students stay in their destinatio ncountry, prospective students access a variety of sources of information and make simultaneous decisions about where to travel; decision making is required at everystage of the travel process (pre-travel, during travel, and post travel). Previous to the advent of social media dominate traditional sources of information, such as print media, educational fairs and university websites. The social media websites such as social networking (Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn,), microblogging (Twitter,Tumblr), photo sharing (Snapchat, Instagram, Pinterest), Video sharing (YouTube,Facebook Live, Periscope, Vimeo) become an alternative source of university information as many young people and students engage, work and participate in this online community. The purpose of this thesis is to research the influence of social media on the decision-making process of Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland, as well as how other factors (such as others’ comments, replies, and tour reviews) influence the process of their travel decision making. The data collection tool was a survey that included demographic questions, closed ended questions, multiple choice questions, a rating scale (Likert 5 scale model), and a few open-ended questions. The survey questionnaire was completed by 137 international students. The study's findings indicate that social media has a sizable influence and role as a source of information for Ethiopian educational tourists in Poland at every stage of their travel decisionmaking process, and that other factors (such as others' comments, replies, and tourreviews) influenced their decision-making process as well. Overall, this study helps to gather insights into Ethiopian educational tourists' decision-making behavior in Poland. Due to the fact that the research will contribute cross-national knowledge about educational tourists' behavior during the travel decision-making process in a destination, it will have a significant impact on promoting domestic travel and tourism in Poland.
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Providelo, Janice Kirner. "Nível de serviço para bicicletas: um estudo de caso nas cidades de São Carlos e Rio Claro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4182.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-21Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
This research attempted to study the issue of assessing the level of service for bicycles in Brazilian cities, with the ultimate aim of developing a bicycle level of service model that can be used in medium-sized Brazilian cities. The methodology used for model development began with the identification of attributes that can be used to describe the level of service for bicycles, followed by assessing the perceptions of individuals about the importance of the attributes. Among the methods available to measure the perceptions of individuals about the roadway characteristics related to bicycle transportation, it was chosen to use simulations (video based evaluation). The video was produced through a system in which a portable video camera was attached to the bicycle stern. To compensate for the exclusion of some attributes that could not be assessed through video (such as the sensation of heat, the cost of the bicycle, the health benefits, etc) the simulation method was combined with another method of perception analysis: questionnaires formulated based on the Likert scale. Data collection was performed in a case study in the cities of São Carlos and Rio Claro (São Paulo state), in several educational facilities. In total, 451 questionnaires were administered, 60 in the city of Rio Claro and the rest of them in the city of São Carlos. The results of field study were analyzed through methods of descriptive statistics and correlations, producing the following studies: questionnaires results, classification of participants into types of cyclists, the definition of a scale of acceptability to bicycle use and classification of participants in groups, according to this scale. The Bicycle Level of Service Model was calibrated using the FLOW variable, defined as the volume of motor vehicles divided by the effective width of the road, and the level of service grades resulting from the participants evaluation. The model was validated through cross-validation methodology. The model development resulted in a graphic that can be used to determine the probability of perceived level of service for flow values found on roadways. It was considered that the study reached its primary goal, providing a Bicycle Level of Service Model that can be used in medium-sized Brazilian cities.
A presente pesquisa buscou estudar o tema da avaliação do nível de serviço para bicicletas em cidades brasileiras, com o objetivo principal de desenvolver um modelo de nível de serviço para bicicletas possível de ser utilizado em cidades brasileiras de porte médio. A metodologia utilizada para o desenvolvimento do modelo teve início com a identificação dos atributos que podem ser utilizados para descrever o nível de serviço para bicicletas, seguida pela avaliação da percepção de indivíduos sobre a importância dos atributos. Dentre os métodos disponíveis para medir a percepção dos indivíduos sobre as características viárias relacionadas ao transporte cicloviário, definiu-se pela realização de simulações, ou seja, avaliação com base em vídeo. O vídeo foi elaborado por meio de um sistema no qual uma câmera de vídeo portátil foi acoplada ao guidão da bicicleta. Para compensar a exclusão de alguns atributos que não podem ser avaliados através do vídeo (como a sensação de calor, o custo da bicicleta, os benefícios para a saúde, etc.), o método da simulação foi combinado com outro método de análise da percepção: questionários formulados com base na escala Likert. A coleta de dados foi realizada em um estudo de caso nas cidades paulistas de São Carlos e Rio Claro, em diversas instituições de ensino. No total, 451 questionários foram aplicados, sendo 60 na cidade de Rio Claro e o restante na cidade de São Carlos. Os resultados da pesquisa de campo foram analisados através de métodos de análise estatística descritiva e correlacional, produzindo os seguintes estudos: resultados dos questionários; classificação dos participantes em tipos de ciclistas; definição de uma escala de aceitabilidade ao uso da bicicleta e a classificação dos participantes em grupos, de acordo com esta escala. O Modelo de Nível de Serviço para Bicicletas foi calibrado utilizando-se a variável FLUXO, definida como o volume de veículos motorizados dividido pela largura efetiva da via, e as medidas de nível de serviço provenientes da avaliação realizada pelos participantes da pesquisa. O modelo foi validado através da metodologia da validação cruzada. O desenvolvimento do modelo resultou em um gráfico que pode ser utilizado para determinar a probabilidade da percepção de nível de serviço para valores de fluxo encontrados nas vias. Considera-se que a pesquisa atingiu o seu objetivo principal, fornecendo um Modelo de Nível de Serviço para Bicicletas que pode ser utilizado em cidades brasileiras de porte médio.
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D'Agostino, Lisa. "The association between maternal resiliency, perceptions of touch, and reports of infant touch." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/838.
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Shulruf, Boaz. "The influence of individualist and collectivist attributes on responses to Likert-type scales." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3175087.
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Collectivism and individualism are culturally-related psychological structures which have been used to distinguish people within and across various societies. From a review of the literature, it is argued that the most salient feature of individualism is valuing personal independence, which includes self-knowledge, uniqueness, privacy, clear communication, and competitiveness. Collectivism is associated with a strong sense of duty to group, relatedness to others, seeking others' advice, harmony, and working with the group. The purpose of the thesis is to explore how collectivist and individualist attributes affect the way people respond to Likert-type questionnaires. In the first study, a new measurement tool for individualism and collectivism was developed to address critical methodological issues in this field of cross-cultural psychology. This new measure the “Auckland Individualism and Collectivism Scale” defined three dimensions of individualism: (a) Responsibility (acknowledging one's responsibility for one's actions), (b) Uniqueness (distinction of the self from the other) and (c) Compete (striving for personal goals is one's prime interest); and two dimensions of collectivism: (d) Advice (seeking advice from people close to one, before taking decisions), and (e) Harmony (seeking to avoid conflict). The AICS avoids the need for measuring horizontal and vertical dimensions of collectivism and individualism, and the confounding effect of familialism on the collectivism-individualism constructs. The second study investigated the relationship between collectivism and individualism and various response sets that have been reported relating to the way in which individuals respond to Likert-type scales. Using structural equation modelling, the Collectivism-Individualism Model of Response Bias was developed. This model suggests two types of response sets: (a) the Impression-Response Bias which includes response sets such as social desirability and context, that affect the first four stages of responding to questions, namely receiving and retrieving data and making decisions; and (b) the Expression-Response Bias which includes response sets such as the extreme response set and the neutral response set that relate to the application of the responses, namely the actual answer chosen by the respondent. Collectivism is negatively correlated with context and with self deception enhancement whereas individualism is positively correlated with context and self deception enhancement and impression management. Context is positively correlated with extreme response set and negatively correlated with neutral response set. The Collectivism-Individualism Model of Response Bias suggests that collectivist and individualist attributes directly affect the Impression-Response Bias response sets and indirectly affect the Expression-Response Bias response sets. It was concluded that attributes of collectivism and individualism affect the decision made by the respondents and therefore lead to different responses to Likert-type questionnaires. Nevertheless, the effect of collectivism and individualism on the magnitude of the responses would be limited as it is mediated by the Impression-Response Bias response set.Subscription resource available via Digital Dissertations only.
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Roos, Daniel. "Evaluation of BERT-like models for small scale ad-hoc information retrieval." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Artificiell intelligens och integrerade datorsystem, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177675.
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Measuring semantic similarity between two sentences is an ongoing research field with big leaps being taken every year. This thesis looks at using modern methods of semantic similarity measurement for an ad-hoc information retrieval (IR) system. The main challenge tackled was answering the question "What happens when you don’t have situation-specific data?". Using encoder-based transformer architectures pioneered by Devlin et al., which excel at fine-tuning to situationally specific domains, this thesis shows just how well the presented methodology can work and makes recommendations for future attempts at similar domain-specific tasks. It also shows an example of how a web application can be created to make use of these fast-learning architectures.
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FOSTER, WARREN R. "THE IMPACT OF A BIDDER WORKSHOP ON SELF-EFFICACY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1171310672.
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Liu, Zhongyu. "FINE SCALE REGISTRATION OF SIDEWALKS AND OTHER RIBBON-LIKE FEATURES FROM AERIAL IMAGERY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1542622094595794.
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Runov, A. V., M. I. Pudovkin, and Claudia-Veronika Meister. "The dynamics of tail-like current sheets under the influence of small-scale plasma turbulence." Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2007/1490/.
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A 2D-magnetohydrodynamic model of current-sheet dynamics caused by anomalous electrical resistivity as result of small-scale plasma turbulence is proposed. The anomalous resistivity is assumed to be proportional to the square of the gradient of the magnetic pressure as may be valid for instance in the case of lower-hybrid-drift turbulence. The initial resistivity pulse is given. Then the temporal and spatial evolution of the magnetic and electric fields, plasma density, pressure, convection and resistivity are considered. The motion of the induced electric field is discussed as indicator of the plasma disturbances. The obtained results found using much improved numerical methods show a magnetic field evolution with x-line formation and plasma acceleration. Besides, in the current sheet, three types of magnetohydrodynamic waves occur, fast magnetoacoustic waves of compression and rarefaction as well as slow magnetoacoustic waves.
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Chau, So-wah Francis, and 周甦華. "Assess the feasibility of having an insurance-like national-scale health service in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266381.
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Ramanathan, Krishnan Adithya. "Explicit algebraic subfilter scale modeling for DES-like methods and extension to variable density flows." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0117.
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Dans cette thèse, l’objectif est d’améliorer les capacités prédictives des méthodes hybrides RANS/LES par le développement d’un modèle à l’échelle de sous-filtre qui prend en compte une relation algébrique explicite pour les stresses turbulents de sous-filtre non-isotropes et les flux scalaires turbulents. Tout d'abord, un modèle explicite algébrique (EARSM) est développé et calibré avec le modèle BSL de Menter pour les écoulements incompressibles dans un contexte RANS. Deuxièmement, le modèle EARSM est étendu dans le cadre hybrides RANS/LES. Méthodes hybrides RANS/LES spécifiquement dans le cadre de l'Equivalent-Detached Eddy Simulation, aboutissant au modèle hybride explicite algébrique EAHSM. Le travail de validation est réalisé pour l'écoulement entièrement développé du canal à un nombre de Reynolds de frottement à 550 et l'écoulement dans un tuyau carré à un nombre de Reynolds de frottement de 600. Enfin, en supposant que l'approximation de Boussinesq soit valide, les modèles EARSM et EAHSM sont étendus à des écoulements à densité légèrement variable. Suite à la solution directe des relations algébriques implicites, le modèle algébrique explicite pour les contraintes de Reynolds et les flux scalaires est obtenu dans un cadre RANS amené au modèle explicite algébrique de flux scalaire (EASFM). Une méthode itérative est utilisée pour traiter la non-linéarité des expressions couplées pour les relations algébriques. Ensuite, l’EASFM est étendu au cadre des méthodes hybrides RANS/LES. Le comportement des modèles est évalué sur l'écoulement homogène, en stratification stableThe aim of this work is to improve the predictive capabilities of hybrid RANS/LES methods HRLM through the development of a subfilter scale model which considers an explicit algebraic relation for the non-isotropic turbulent subfilter stress and turbulent scalar fluxes, contributing to the improvement of the safety analysis concerning hydrogen hazards. Firstly, an Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model EARSM is developed using the direct solution method and calibrated with Menter's BSL model for incompressible flows in a RANS framework. Secondly, the EARSM model is extended to seamless HRLM specifically in the framework of Equivalent-Detached Eddy Simulation, arriving at the Explicit Algebraic Hybrid Stress Model EAHSM. The calibration of the model constant is performed on the decay of isotropic turbulence. The validation is performed against the DNS data available in the literature for the fully developed Channel flow at a moderate friction Reynolds number of 550 and flow in a square pipe at a friction Reynolds number of 600. Finally, assuming the Boussinesq approximation to be valid, the developed EARSM and the EAHSM models are extended to slightly variable density flows. Following the direct solution of the implicit algebraic relationships, the explicit algebraic model for both the Reynolds stresses and the scalar flux is obtained in a RANS framework which leads to the Explicit Algebraic Scalar Flux Model(EASFM). An effective iterative solution method is used to treat the nonlinearity of the coupled expressions for the algebraic relations. The EASFM is extended to the framework of seamless HRLM. The behaviour of the models is assessed for stably stratified flows
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Chau, So-wah Francis. "Assess the feasibility of having an insurance-like national-scale health service in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14710419.
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Roca, Fàbrega Santi. "Milky Way-like galaxy simulations in the Gaia era: disk large scale structures and baryonic content." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285200.
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Simulations have shown to be one of the best tools to study properties of galactic large scale structures and their effects on to the local kinematics of stars. The aims of this thesis are: i) To obtain realistic N-body models that allow us to analyse kinematics, dynamics and internal structure of non-axisymmetric components in galaxies, ii) to learn how to control numerical effects and also how to distinguish them from the proper physical ones, iii) to find observable parameters from stellar kinematics that can give us information about formation, evolution and nature of the large scale structures in galaxies and, iv) to test which of such methods can be used to distinguish among spiral arm natures in real galaxies.
In this thesis, using high resolution simulations obtained with different codes and initial condition techniques, we find that exist two different behaviours for the rotation frequency of transient spiral arms like structures. Whereas unbarred disks present spiral arms nearly corotating with disk particles, strong barred models (bulged or bulge-less) quickly develop a bar-spiral structure dominant in density, with a pattern speed almost constant in radius (Roca-Fàbrega et al. 2013). Preliminary results also indicate that particles in barred models move inside the spiral structures.
A second result we present in the thesis has been obtained mapping the kinematics of stars in the simulated galaxy disks with spiral arms using the velocity ellipsoid vertex deviation (lv). For this study we have used both test particle and high resolution N-body simulations. What we have found is that for all barred models, spiral arms rotate closely to a rigid body manner and there the vertex deviation values correlate with the density peaks position bounded by overdense and underdense regions. However, the most interesting result is that In such cases, vertex deviation sign changes from negative to positive when crossing the spiral arms toward disk rotation, in regions where the spiral arms are in between corotation (CR) and the Outer Lindblad Resonance (OLR). By contrast, when the arm sections are inside the CR and outside the OLR, lv changes from negative to positive. We propose that measurements of the vertex deviations pattern can be used to trace the position of the main resonances of the spiral arms (Roca-Fàbrega et al. 2014).
Finally we present a new cosmological Milky Way like galaxy simulation that includes both the collisionless N-body and also the gas components. This simulation has been obtained using the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) N-body code ART (Kravtsov et al 1999) plus the hydrodynamics and physical processes presented by Kravtsov et al 2003. The MW like system has been evolved inside a 28 Mpc cosmological box with a spatial resolution of 109 pc. At z=0 the system has an Mvir = 7.33·10^11Msun. We have observed how a well defined disk is formed inside the dark matter halo and the overall amount of gas and stars is comparable with MW observations. Several non-axisymmetric structures arise out of the disk. We have also observed that a huge reservoir of hot gas is present at large distances from the disk. Gas column density, emission and dispersion measures have been computed from inside the simulated disk at a position of 8 kpc from the center and in several different directions. Our preliminary results reveal that the distribution of hot gas is non-isotropic according with observations. After a careful analysis we confirm that due to the anisotropy in the gas distribution more than 50 random observations of different sky regions are needed to recover the real distribution of hot gas in the galactic halo.En aquesta tesi, fent servir simulacions d'alta resolució i mitjançant diferents codis i tècniques de generació de condicions inicials hem pogut detectar que existeixen dos tipus diferents d'estructura espiral segons el seu perfil de rotació. Primer, en el cas de galàxies no barrades, les estructures roten a la mateixa velocitat que el disc, i segon, en el cas de galàxies barrades, aquestes estructures roten com un sòlid rígid. El segon resultat que presentem en aquesta tesi s'ha obtingut analitzant la cinemàtica estel·lar en simulacions de galàxies espirals. Per dur a terme aquest segon estudi hem utilitzat aproximacions analítiques i simulacions d'N-cossos pures i de partícules test. A partir d'aquests anàlisis hem pogut constatar que la desviació del vèrtex és un bon traçador de la posició de les estructures de densitat i també que el canvi de signe que pateix en creuar els pics de densitat de les espirals i les regions inter-braç ens permeten conèixer la posició de les principals ressonàncies, és a dir, la corrotació i la ressonància externa de Lindblad. Finalment, desprès de l'estudi exhaustiu dels codis i els processos físics relacionats amb la física de la component gasosa de les galàxies hem aconseguit obtenir una simulació cosmològica d'una galàxia molt semblant a la Via Làctia. Tot just hem començar a analitzar-la però ja hem obtingut resultats molt interessants tals com la presència de gran quantitat de gas calent a la regió de l'halo de matèria fosca o l'aparició de dues barres desalineades 90 graus a la zona del disc galàctic, una de jove, procedent del disc i una de vella, que és el fòssil d'una fusió de dues galàxies el·líptiques a un desplaçament cap el vermell de 3.
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Brunner, Dominik. "Fast boundary element methods for large-scale simulations of the vibro-acoustic behavior of ship-like structures." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/99703128X/04.
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Kong, Xiangliang, Fan Guo, Joe Giacalone, Hui Li, and Yao Chen. "The Acceleration of High-energy Protons at Coronal Shocks: The Effect of Large-scale Streamer-like Magnetic Field Structures." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626416.
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Recent observations have shown that coronal shocks driven by coronal mass ejections can develop and accelerate particles within several solar radii in large solar energetic particle (SEP) events. Motivated by this, we present an SEP acceleration study that including the process in which a fast shock propagates through a streamer-like magnetic field with both closed and open field lines in the low corona region. The acceleration of protons is modeled by numerically solving the Parker transport equation with spatial diffusion both along and across the magnetic field. We show that particles can be sufficiently accelerated to up to several hundred MeV within 2-3 solar radii. When the shock propagates through a streamer-like magnetic field, particles are more efficiently accelerated compared to the case with a simple radial magnetic field, mainly due to perpendicular shock geometry and the natural trapping effect of closed magnetic fields. Our results suggest that the coronal magnetic field configuration is an important factor for producing large SEP events. We further show that the coronal magnetic field configuration strongly influences the distribution of energetic particles, leading to different locations of source regions along the shock front where most high-energy particles are concentrated. This work may have strong implications for SEP observations. The upcoming Parker Solar Probe will provide in situ observations for the distribution of energetic particles in the coronal shock region, and test the results of the study.
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Moreira, Isabel A. M. C. "Like scales from their eyes : visionary experience in Western Europe from Augustine to the eighth century." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14091.
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Vision narratives provide important evidence for the social and religious concerns of the society which records them, and are important sources for the mentalité of the period in which they are produced. This thesis provides an historical study of dream and vision narratives from the fourth to eighth centuries, with the hagiographic literature of Gaul and Merovingian Francia as its primary focus. During the period under review, there were important changes in the church's attitude towards the visionary experience. Whereas the fear of heterodoxy led early church Fathers to limit the spiritual authority of visions, by the sixth century in Gaul, dream and vision accounts were an important means by which churchmen could promote monastic and clerical ideals and their spiritual authority. Vision accounts were an important tool in the pastoral concerns of the clergy, enabling them to resolve or perpetuate disputes, smooth the process of Christianization, and provide imaged evidence of Christian doctrine. Dreams and visions confirmed the praesentia of saints at their tombs and at the site of their relics, and confirmed the role of the episcopate as their guardians and representatives. These issues are examined with special reference to the writings of Gregory of Tours in the sixth century. The effectiveness with which visions framed the deeds of the saints and conveyed impressions of spirituality is also examined over a broad sampling of Gallic and Merovingian hagiographic texts. The final chapter offers two case studies: the visionary experiences of St. Radegund of Poitiers, and St. Aldegund of Maubeuge.
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Dietrich, Janan Janine. "Adapting a Psychosocial Intervention to reduce HIV risk among likely adolescent participants in HIV biomedical trials." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97046.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015ENGLISH ABSTRACT : In 2010, young people aged 15–24 years accounted for 42% of new HIV infections globally. In 2009, about five million (10%) of the total South African population was estimated to be aged 15–19 years. Current South African national sero-prevalence data estimate the prevalence of HIV to be 5.6% and 0.7% among adolescent girls and boys aged 15–19 years, respectively. HIV infections are mainly transmitted via sexual transmission. Adolescent sexuality is multi-faceted and influenced at multiple levels. In preparing to enroll adolescents in future biomedical HIV prevention trials, particularly prophylactic HIV vaccine trials, it is critical to provide counseling services appropriate to their needs. At the time of writing, there was no developed psychosocial intervention in South Africa for use among adolescent vaccine trial participants. Thus, the aim of the present study is to adapt and pilot-test a psychosocial intervention, namely, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) risk reduction counseling intervention of Project Respect, an intervention tasked at being developmentally and contextually appropriate among potential adolescent participants in HIV biomedical trials in the future. To achieve this overall aim, I qualitatively explored adolescent sexuality and risk factors for HIV among a diverse sample of participants aged 16–18 from Soweto. Thereafter, I developed a composite HIV risk scale in order to measure the variance in HIV risk among the sample of adolescents studied. The study followed a two-phased, mixed method research design and was informed by ecological systems theory and integrative model of behavioral prediction. The aim of Phase 1, split into phases 1a and b, was to conduct focus group discussions (FGDs) and to undertake a cross-sectional survey, respectively, to determine psychological (for example, self-esteem and depression), behavioral (specifically, sexual behavior) and social (specifically, social support, parent-adolescent communication) contexts that placed adolescents at risk for HIV infection. Phase 1a was qualitative, with data collected via nine FGDs: three involved parents of adolescents, four involved adolescents aged 16–18 years and two counselors. Nine key themes related to adolescent sexuality and risks for HIV acquisition were identified, namely: (1) dating during adolescence; (2) adolescent girls dating older men; (3) condom use amongst adolescents; (4) teenage pregnancies; (5) views about homosexuality; (6) parent-adolescent communication about sexual health; (7) the role of the media; (8) discipline and perceived government influence; and (9) group sex events. Phase 1b was quantitative and the data were collected via a cross-sectional survey to investigate the variance of risk for HIV. For Phase 1b, the sample consisted of 506 adolescents with a mean age of 17 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 16–18). More than half the participants were female (59%, n = 298). I used a three-step hierarchical multiple regression model to investigate the variance in risk for HIV. In step 3, the only significant predictors were “ever threatened to have sex” and “ever forced to have sex”, the combination of which explained 14% (R2 = 0.14; F (12, 236) = 3.14, p = 0.00). Depression and parentadolescent communication were added to steps 2 and 3, respectively, with both variables insignificant in these models. In Phase 2, I adapted and pilot tested the CDC risk reduction counseling intervention. The intervention was intended to be developmentally and contextually appropriate among adolescents from Soweto aged 16–18 years, viewed as potential participants in future HIV biomedical trials. Participants in Phase 2 were aged 16–18 years; the sample was mainly female (52%, n = 11) and most (91%, n = 19) were secondary school learners in grades 8 to 12. Participants provided feedback about their experiences of the adapted counseling intervention through in-depth interviews. I identified three main themes in this regard, namely: benefits of HIV testing services, reasons for seeking counseling and HIV testing services, and participants’ evaluation of the study visits and counseling sessions. The adapted CDC risk reduction counseling intervention was found to be acceptable with favorable outcomes for those adolescents who participated in the piloting phase. This study adds to the literature on risks for HIV among adolescents in Soweto, South Africa, by considering multiple levels of influence. Reaching a more complete understanding of ecological factors contributing to sexual risk behaviors among adolescents in the pilot-study enabled the development of a tailored counseling intervention. The findings showed the adapted CDC risk reduction counseling intervention to be feasible and acceptable among adolescents likely to be participants and eligible to participate in future HIV biomedical prevention trials. Thus, this study provides a much needed risk reduction counseling intervention that can be used among adolescents, an age group likely to participate in future HIV vaccine prevention research.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING : In 2010 het jongmense tussen die ouderdomme van 15 en 24 jaar 42% van nuwe MIV-infeksies wêreldwyd uitgemaak. In 2009 was omtrent 5 miljoen mense (10%) van die Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking tussen 15 en 19 jaar oud. Volgens data oor die huidige Suid-Afrikaanse nasionale sero-voorkoms, word die voorkoms van MIV onderskeidelik op 5.6% en 0.7% onder tienermeisies en -seuns tussen die ouderdomme van 15 tot 19 jaar beraam. MIV-infeksies word hoofsaaklik deur seks oorgedra. Adolessente seksualiteit het baie fasette en word op verskeie vlakke beïnvloed. Ter voorbereiding van die werwing van adolessente vir toekomstige biomediese proewe, veral proewe oor profilaktiese MIVentstowwe, is dit van kritiese belang dat beradingsdienste verskaf word wat geskik is vir hul behoeftes. Op die tydstip wat hierdie tesis geskryf is, het daar nog geen psigososiale intervensie in Suid-Afrika bestaan vir gebruik onder adolessente deelnemers aan entstofproewe nie. Daarom is die doel van hierdie studie om ʼn psigososiale intervensie ‒ die Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) se Projek Respek, ʼn beradingsintervensie vir die vermindering van risiko ‒ aan te pas en met ʼn loodsprojek te toets. Hierdie intervensie is geskik vir die ontwikkelings- en kontekstuele vlak van adolessente deelnemers aan toekomstige MIV- biomediese proewe. Ten einde hierdie oorkoepelende doelwit te bereik, het ek adolessente seksualiteit en die risikofaktore vir MIV onder ʼn diverse steekproef deelnemers tussen die ouderdomme van 16 en 18 jaar van Soweto kwalitatief ondersoek. Daarna het ek ʼn saamgestelde MIV-risikoskaal ontwikkel om die variansie van MIV-risiko onder die groep adolessente te meet. Die studie se navorsingsontwerp het uit twee fases en gemengde metodes bestaan, en is gebaseer op ekologiesestelsel-teorie en die integrerende gedragsvoorspellingsmodel. Die doel van fase 1, wat in fases 1a en 1b verdeel is, was om onderskeidelik fokusgroepbesprekings te hou en om ʼn deursnitopname te doen om die sielkundige kontekste (byvoorbeeld elemente van selfbeeld en depressie), gedragskontekste (spesifiek seksuele gedrag) en sosiale kontekste (spesifiek sosiale ondersteuning en ouer-adolessent-kommunikasie) te bepaal waarin adolessente die risiko loop om MIV-infeksie op te doen. Fase 1a was kwalitatief en data is deur middel van nege fokusgroepbesprekings ingesamel: drie met die ouers van adolessente, vier met adolessente tussen 16 en 18 jaar oud en twee met beraders. Nege sleuteltemas is geïdentifiseer wat verband hou met adolessente seksualiteit en risiko’s om MIV op te doen: (1) verhoudings tydens adolessensie, (2) tienermeisies wat verhoudings met ouer mans het, (3) die gebruik van kondome onder adolessente, (4) tienerswangerskappe, (5) sienings oor homoseksualiteit, (6) ouer-adolessent-kommunikasie oor seksuele gesondheid, (7) die rol van die media, (8) dissipline en die ervaarde regeringsinvloed en (9) groepseksgeleenthede. Fase 1b was kwantitatief en data is deur middel van ’n deursnitopname ingesamel om die variansie van risiko vir MIV te ondersoek. Vir Fase 1b het die steekproef bestaan uit 506 adolessente met ’n gemiddelde ouderdom van 17 jaar (interkwartielwydte [IKW]: 16–18). Meer as die helfte van die deelnemers was vroulik (59%, n = 298). Ek het ’n hiërargiese meervoudige regressiemodel met drie stappe gebruik om die variansie van risiko vir MIV te ondersoek. Die enigste beduidende voorspellers in stap 3 was “ooit gedreig om seks te hê” en “ooit geforseer om seks te hê”. Die kombinasie hiervan het 14% (R2 = 0.14; F (12, 236) = 3.14, p = 0.00) verklaar. Depressie en oueradolessent- kommunikasie is onderskeidelik in stappe 2 en 3 bygevoeg, en albei veranderlikes was onbeduidend in hierdie modelle. In Fase 2 het ek die CDC se intervensie vir die verlaging van risiko aangepas en met ’n loodsprojek getoets. Die intervensie was bedoel om geskik te wees vir die ontwikkelings- en kontekstuele vlakke van 16- tot 18-jarige adolessente van Soweto wat beskou is as potensiële deelnemers aan toekomstige MIV- biomediese proewe. Deelnemers in Fase 2 was 16 tot 18 jaar oud, die steekproef was hoofsaaklik vroulik (52%, n = 11) en die meeste van die deelnemers (91%, n = 19) was in grade 8 tot 12 op hoërskool. Deelnemers het tydens indringende onderhoude terugvoering oor hulle ervarings van die aangepaste beradingsintervensie verskaf. Ek het drie hooftemas in hierdie verband geïdentifiseer, wat die volgende insluit: voordele van MIV-toetsingsdienste, redes waarom berading en MIV-toetsingsdienste verlang word, en die deelnemers se evaluering van die studiebesoeke en beradingsessies. Daar is bevind dat die aangepaste beradingsintervensie van die CDC aanvaarbaar was en gunstige uitkomste gelewer het vir die adolessente wat aan die loodsfase deelgeneem het. Hierdie studie dra by tot die literatuur oor MIV-risiko’s vir adolessente in Soweto, Suid-Afrika, deur meervoudige invloedsvlakke te oorweeg. Die feit dat ’n meer volledige begrip tydens die loodsondersoek verkry is van die interaksie van die ekologiese faktore wat tot seksuele risikogedrag onder adolessente bydra, het die ontwikkeling van ʼn doelgemaakte intervensie deur berading moontlik gemaak. Die bevindings het getoon dat die aangepaste beradingsintervensie van die CDC lewensvatbaar en aanvaarbaar is vir gebruik onder adolessente wat waarskynlik geskikte deelnemers aan toekomstige biomediese proewe oor MIV-voorkoming kan wees. Hierdie studie verskaf dus ʼn noodsaaklike beradingsintervensie om die MIV-risiko onder adolessente ‒ ʼn ouderdomsgroep wat waarskynlik aan toekomstige biomediese navorsing oor MIV-voorkoming sal deelneem ‒ te verminder.
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Oruganti, Surya Kaundinya. "Stochastic models on residual scales in LES of sprays in diesel-like conditions : spray formation, turbulent dispersion and evaporation of droplets." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEC042.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de la simulation à grandes échelles (LES), la thèse aborde la simulation des sprays dans les conditions d’un moteur à injection directe. La vitesse de l’injection des sprays dans ces conditions est très élevée. En conséquence, des structures énergétiques intermittentes aux petites échelles turbulentes peuvent se manifester dans l’écoulement produit. C’est pourquoi l’accent est mis sur la simulation stochastique des effets turbulents aux échelles non-résolues par LES dans les conditions d’un moteur à injection directe. L’impact de ces effets sur l’atomisation primaire et secondaire, la dispersion des gouttelettes et leur vaporisation représente l’élément essentiel de cette thèse. Dans le but de modéliser ces effets d’intermittence aux échelles non-résolues, deux différentes approches ont été proposées récemment dans la littérature. Dans la thèse, l’accent est mis sur leur application et une éventuelle amélioration pour les conditions d’un moteur à injection directe. La première approche est LES-SSAM (Stochastic Subgrid Acceleration Model). Contrairement aux LES classiques, la LES-SSAM modélise l’accélération turbulente non résolue par le forçage de sous-maille des équations de Navier-Stokes. Ce forçage représente un processus stochastique de type Ornstein-Uhlenbeck construit de telle façon que les propriétés stochastiques de l’accélération, observées par les expériences et les simulations directes, sont représentées. Une telle LES-SSAM, où l’expression de la norme de l’accélération de sous-maille est modifiée, a été appliquée et testée pour la modélisation de l’écoulement interne de l’injecteur d’une simple configuration. Les résultats ont démontré l’efficacité de cette approche malgré la résolution grossière du maillage. Une autre application de LES-SSAM, dans la thèse, concerne sa combinaison avec la méthode VoF pour la simulation de l’écoulement à l’interface au voisinage de l’injecteur. Ici aussi, l’efficacité de cette combinaison a été démontrée en comparaison avec l’expérience et les méthodes numériques actuellement employées pour la simulation de l’atomisation primaire. La deuxième approche abordée dans la majeure partie de la thèse, et qui vise aussi à représenter les effets de l’intermittence aux échelles non-résolues, se base sur la formulation stochastique de la dynamique des gouttes en pulvérisation et en vaporisation, tout en couplage two-way avec l’écoulement turbulent. Les travaux contribuent à la vérification et l’amélioration de cette formulation stochastique. Ainsi le modèle stochastique d’atomisation secondaire est contrôlé par le processus stochastique log-normal pour la dissipation visqueuse. La même variable est la variable-clé pour le modèle de dispersion de gouttes, ces dernières étant soit inférieures soit supérieures à l’échelle de Kolmogorov. La dernière situation a été décrite par la modification de l’équation de mouvement d’une goutte. Enfin, un nouveau modèle stochastique de vaporisation des gouttes, dont le mélange turbulent fait partie du modèle, a été proposé et testé. Tous ces modèles stochastiques ont été implantés dans le code OpenFoam puis testés en comparaison avec d’autres modèles et avec les données expérimentales présentées par le réseau Engine Combustion Network (ECN). L’avantage de l’application de ces modèles sur les maillages à la résolution grossière a été clairement démontréThis thesis concerns with the Large Eddy Simulations (LES) of fuel sprays in direct-injection engines. Given the high injection velocities of sprays, the resulting turbulent flow may be characterized by energetic intermittent structures at small spatial scales. Therefore, the emphasis in this thesis is put on stochastic simulation of turbulent effects on unresolved scales in the engine relevant conditions. The impact of this effect on spray primary and secondary atomization, on droplets dispersion and evaporation represents the main focus in this thesis. The further assessment and modification of two different approaches, developed recently, was the main objective in this thesis. The first one is addressed to LES-SSAM (stochastic sub-grid acceleration model) approach, in which the Navier-Stokes equations are forced on residual scales. This forcing is given by the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck stochastic process constructed in a way to represent the stochastic properties of the subgrid acceleration, known from the experiment and DNS. In the framework of this approach, with the expression of the acceleration norm modified for the wall-bounded conditions, the first step concerned the simulation of the nozzle internal flow on the coarse grid. The results showed the efficiency of this approach. Another step in this part was to combine LES-SSAM with the interface tracking VOF method in the simulation of the near-field of the spray. The performed assessment of this approach in comparison with measurements and with alternative approaches known from the literature demonstrated a potential of such combination of two methods. The second approach in this thesis, in which the intermittency effects on residual scales are also on target, concerned the stochastic modeling of the secondary breakup, dispersion and evaporation of droplets; introducing the two-way coupling between droplets and a highly turbulent flow. Here, the assessment and further development of stochastic models of droplets represent the main contribution in this thesis. So, the model of the secondary breakup is controlled by the stochastic log-normal process for the viscous dissipation rate. The same stochastic variable is the key variable for the dispersion model of droplets below and above the Kolmogrov scale. The droplet equation of motion for the latter case was modified addressing the significant role to simulation the stochastic direction of the droplet acceleration. Finally, the new stochastic model of the turbulent evaporation, in which the stochastic mixing process is a part of the evaporation model, is also represented in this thesis. The different stochastic models outlined above are assessed in comparison to the state-of-art models available in literature and the experiments of Engine Combustion Network (ECN). The results have shown that stochastic models give a good representation of both macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics on relatively coarse grids
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Bourdin, Loïc. "Contributions au calcul des variations et au principe du maximum de Pontryagin en calculs time scale et fractionnaire." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU3009/document.
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Cette thèse est une contribution au calcul des variations et à la théorie du contrôle optimal dans les cadres discret, plus généralement time scale, et fractionnaire. Ces deux domaines ont récemment connu un développement considérable dû pour l’un à son application en informatique et pour l’autre à son essor dans des problèmes physiques de diffusion anormale. Que ce soit dans le cadre time scale ou dans le cadre fractionnaire, nos objectifs sont de : a) développer un calcul des variations et étendre quelques résultats classiques (voir plus bas); b) établir un principe du maximum de Pontryagin (PMP en abrégé) pour des problèmes de contrôle optimal. Dans ce but, nous généralisons plusieurs méthodes variationnelles usuelles, allant du simple calcul des variations au principe variationnel d’Ekeland (couplé avec la technique des variations-aiguilles), en passant par l’étude d’invariances variationnelles par des groupes de transformations. Les démonstrations des PMPs nous amènent également à employer des théorèmes de point fixe et à prendre en considération la technique des multiplicateurs de Lagrange ou encore une méthode basée sur un théorème d’inversion locale conique. Ce manuscrit est donc composé de deux parties : la Partie 1 traite de problèmes variationnels posés sur time scale et la Partie 2 est consacrée à leurs pendants fractionnaires. Dans chacune de ces deux parties, nous suivons l’organisation suivante : 1. détermination de l’équation d’Euler-Lagrange caractérisant les points critiques d’une fonctionnelle Lagrangienne ; 2. énoncé d’un théorème de type Noether assurant l’existence d’une constante de mouvement pour les équations d’Euler-Lagrange admettant une symétrie ; 3. énoncé d’un théorème de type Tonelli assurant l’existence d’un minimiseur pour une fonctionnelle Lagrangienne et donc, par la même occasion, d’une solution pour l’équation d’Euler-Lagrange associée (uniquement en Partie 2) ; 4. énoncé d’un PMP (version forte en Partie 1, version faible en Partie 2) donnant une condition nécessaire pour les trajectoires qui sont solutions de problèmes de contrôle optimal généraux non-linéaires ; 5. détermination d’une condition de type Helmholtz caractérisant les équations provenant d’un calcul des variations (uniquement en Partie 1 et uniquement dans les cas purement continu et purement discret). Des théorèmes de type Cauchy-Lipschitz nécessaires à l’étude de problèmes de contrôle optimal sont démontrés en AnnexeThis dissertation deals with the mathematical fields called calculus of variations and optimal control theory. More precisely, we develop some aspects of these two domains in discrete, more generally time scale, and fractional frameworks. Indeed, these two settings have recently experience a significant development due to its applications in computing for the first one and to its emergence in physical contexts of anomalous diffusion for the second one. In both frameworks, our goals are: a) to develop a calculus of variations and extend some classical results (see below); b) to state a Pontryagin maximum principle (denoted in short PMP) for optimal control problems. Towards these purposes, we generalize several classical variational methods, including the Ekeland’s variational principle (combined with needle-like variations) as well as variational invariances via the action of groups of transformations. Furthermore, the investigations for PMPs lead us to use fixed point theorems and to consider the Lagrange multiplier technique and a method based on a conic implicit function theorem. This manuscript is made up of two parts : Part A deals with variational problems on time scale and Part B is devoted to their fractional analogues. In each of these parts, we follow (with minor differences) the following organization: 1. obtaining of an Euler-Lagrange equation characterizing the critical points of a Lagrangian functional; 2. statement of a Noether-type theorem ensuring the existence of a constant of motion for Euler-Lagrange equations admitting a symmetry;3. statement of a Tonelli-type theorem ensuring the existence of a minimizer for a Lagrangian functional and, consequently, of a solution for the corresponding Euler-Lagrange equation (only in Part B); 4. statement of a PMP (strong version in Part A and weak version in Part B) giving a necessary condition for the solutions of general nonlinear optimal control problems; 5. obtaining of a Helmholtz condition characterizing the equations deriving from a calculus of variations (only in Part A and only in the purely continuous and purely discrete cases). Some Picard-Lindelöf type theorems necessary for the analysis of optimal control problems are obtained in Appendices
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Guo, Hua. "Bio-inspired surface engineering for hydrophobicity." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1013.
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Highly evolved, efficient and sophisticated biological systems can be used as models for scientific innovations. This research explored specific surface structures on plant leaves with respect to their hydrophobicity in the context of the often arid Australian climate. The relationships between leaf surface structures and their hydrophobicity could inform the making of artificial surfaces with specially designed hydrophobicity.
Moderate hydrophobicity and strong surface adhesion were discovered on many study plant leaves. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed that their surface morphologies could be categorized into four groups while their water-repellent mechanisms were considered at an individual species level. Specifically, physical models were built based on the topography of several Eucalyptus species. Wetting robustness and surface free energy analyses were performed with these models to study wetting transitions on surfaces with specific microscopic features.
In the fabrication component of the study, a convenient self-assembly procedure of oxysilane successfully converted a hydrophilic glass slide into a hydrophobic surface, with the measured contact angle changing from 30.8 to more than 1000. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images showed randomly distributed roughness at a micrometre scale on these self-assembled hydrophobic surfaces. Samples with square arrays of micro-posts were also fabricated following a sophisticated photo-lithography process. Wetting properties similar to some leaves, namely moderate hydrophobicity and strong surface adhesion, were observed with these fabricated samples. Anisotropic wetting, liquid-surface contact footprints and base lengths on these micro-textured surfaces were also investigated.
Finally, fluorine containing diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) coatings were examined because of their chemical inertness, mechanical durability, and low surface energy. F-DLC films were prepared by closed-field, unbalanced, magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) on silicon substrate to study their wetting and mechanical properties. The influences of CF4 and C2H2 gas addition during fabrication on these properties were explored by measuring contact angles, fluorine contents, surface roughness, Young's modulus and hardness. Simulation from Finite Element Analysis with COMSOL software was also conducted to confirm the mechanical results obtained in nano-indentation experiments.
The leaf surface geometries revealed in this study could trigger further relevant research and applications. Surface free energy analysis on the built models could lead to a deeper theoretical understanding of wetting state transition for these geometries. The preliminary results on the self-assembly of oxysilane at ambient conditions could contribute to the development of cost-efficient and environmentally friendly methods for fabricating durable hydrophobic coatings. The results of F-DLC coatings could be beneificial for manipulating surface free energy and mechanical properties, to match specific requirements for certain applications.
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Court, Franck. "Organisation supérieure de la chromatine chez les mammifères : dynamique fondamentale et interactions spécifiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20082.
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Chez les mammifères, l'ADN des cellules interphasiques s'organise en une fibre chromatinienne confinée à l'intérieur de « territoires chromosomiques ». Ce confinement autorise l'établissement d'interactions à longue distance permettant une régulation fine des fonctions génomiques. Toutefois, l'organisation et la dynamique de la chromatine à l'échelle dite supranucléosomale (10 à 500 kb) reste méconnue. Afin d'étudier la chromatine à cette échelle, nous avons utilisé la méthode dite de 3C-qPCR qui permet de mesurer les fréquences d'interactions entre deux portions génomiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons analysé les collisions aléatoires afin de déterminer l'organisation intrinsèque de la chromatine à l'échelle supranucléosomale. Nos résultats indiquent que, en l'absence d'interactions spécifiques, les collisions aléatoires dans les régions riches en gènes présentent une modulation d'une périodicité d'environ 90kb. Cette modulation semble être sous-jacente à de nombreuses interactions spécifiques et avoir des répercutions sur leur positionnement génomique contribuant ainsi à l'évolution des génomes. Des modèles, dérivés de la physique des polymères, suggèrent que la chromatine s'organise dans ces régions en une hélice statistique. Dans un second temps, nous avons abordé l'organisation tridimensionnelle du locus murin Igf2/H19 soumis à l'empreinte génomique parentale. Les interactions spécifiques identifiées entre des « enhancers » endodermiques et certaines portions du locus ont confirmé l'existence d'une hiérarchie des interactions et ont permis la découverte d'un nouveau locus soumis à l'empreinte (PIHit). Ce locus produit un ARN non codant que nous avons caractérisé mais dont la fonction exacte reste à déterminer.Finalement, mes travaux de thèse ont aussi conduit à la mise au point d'une nouvelle technologie (HRS-SEQ) qui permettra d'aborder l'organisation génomique globale par le biais des séquences récupérées à haut-sel (HRS)In mammal, the DNA of interphasic cells is organized into the chromatin fiber which is itself confined inside “chromosome territories”. This compact organization allows the establishment of long-range interactions involved in the fine regulation of genomic processes. However, the organization and the dynamic of the chromatin at the so-called supranucleosomal scale (10 to 500kb) remain unclear. In order to study the chromatin at this scale, we used the 3C-qPCR method that allows to measure interaction frequencies between two genomic regions. Firstly, we have analyzed random collisions in order to determine the intrinsic organization of the chromatin at the supranucleosomal scale. Our data indicates that, in the absence of specific interactions, random collisions in gene-rich regions show a periodic modulation of about 90kb. This modulation seems to be underlying numerous locus-specific interactions and have repercussions on their genomic location, thus contributing to genome evolution. Models, derived from polymers physics, suggest that, in these regions, the chromatin is shaped in a statistical helix. Secondly, we have investigated the tridimensional organization of the Igf2/H19 mouse locus which is subject to genomic imprinting. Specific interactions identified between endodermic enhancers and some regions of the locus have confirmed the existence of a hierarchy of interactions and allowed the discovery of a new imprinted locus (PIHit). This locus produces a non-coding RNA that we have characterized but for which the function remains to be determined.Finally, my work also led to the development of a new technology (HRS-SEQ) that allows to study global genome organization through mapping of high-salt recovered sequences (HRS)
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Hellwig, Hauke. "Ökologie, Ökonomie und Soziales im Biologieunterricht." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16014.
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Der Umweltunterricht in Biologie befindet sich in der Orientierung zwischen Zwängen zur Reduktion auf naturwissenschaftliches Basiswissen (scientific literacy), den Kompetenzansprüchen der traditionellen Umweltbildung (environmental literacy) und der zuletzt implementierten Bildung für Nachhaltigkeit (BNE) mit dem Ziel Gestaltungskompetenz (sustainability literacy). Die hier präsentierte Studie diente neben der Bestimmung und Diskussion des Ist-Standes bei der Vermittlung umweltbezogener Gesichtspunkte im Rahmen des Faches Biologie auch der Entwicklung eines entsprechenden Instrumentes zur Erfassung der Unterrichtskonzepte von Lehrpersonen. Die Identifikation der Unterrichtskonzepte ging von Lehrkräften und deren Befragung in einem Ländervergleich zwischen Deutschland und Schweden aus. Methodisch wurde eine Kombination aus qualitativen und quantitativen Verfahren umgesetzt. Drei latente Erklärungsvariablen für die Antwortmuster der Lehrpersonen wurden faktorenanalytisch identifiziert und in verschiedenen Erhebungswellen validiert. Darauf basierend wurden drei kurze Testskalen gebildet. Ein zweites Auswertungsverfahren bestand in der Clusteranalyse der befragten Lehrkräfte. Indem die Cluster mit den Skalen in Beziehung gesetzt wurden, konnten anhand der Varianz der Gruppenmittelwerte verschiedene Profile identifiziert werden. Dies führte zur Beschreibung von je sechs qualitativ und quantitativ differenzierbaren Unterrichtskonzepten in Deutschland und Schweden als reservierte, minimalistische, traditionelle, neuorientierte, ambivalente und pluralistische Realisierung von Umweltbiologie. Während der reservierte Ansatz in Schweden nicht auftritt, kann dort „theoretische Umweltbiologie“ unterschieden werden. Beim derzeitigen Aus- und Fortbildungsstand der Lehrkräfte ist die Umsetzung von BNE in Deutschland nicht adäquat gewährleistet. Gründe dafür liegen im disziplinären Vermittlungsmodus, mit dem die Entwicklung überfachlicher Kompetenzen kaum vereinbar ist.Environmental education has been implemented interdisciplinary at school in Germany. On the contrary, teacher training still remains emphasizing specific scientific subjects. Only recently, different initiatives towards education for sustainable development (ESD) are under way on state level, sub-state level and local level. However, common criteria for designing interdisciplinary teaching processes have not become obvious in Germany. There is a risk, therefore, that teachers will make decisions concerning aims, content and methods based solely on intuition. The study presented here identifies and discusses the existing state of concepts of environmental biology among biology teachers with respect to scientific literacy, environmental literacy and sustainability literacy. A wide range of different aspects of didactics in environmental biology was identified and gathered from biology teachers and scientists in Germany and Sweden. Following classical test theory, the diverse statements were eventually transformed into a closed Likert-scale questionnaire. In two preliminary studies and in the main study that was conducted across the whole of Germany, three dimensions were identified and validated by means of factor analysis. Using cluster analysis, six concepts can be distinguished: pluralistic, ambivalent, realigned, traditional, minimalist and reserved realisation of environmental biology. Biology teachers generally refer to a disciplinary science orientated teaching repertoire when addressing environmental education, which is not adequate to ESD theory. Following the investigation in Sweden, also six concepts can be distinguished. Instead of the reserved concept, a theoretic realisation exists in Sweden suitable for facilitation of sustainability literacy. In five types of realising environmental biology, a high degree of agreement was identified between perceptions of teachers in Germany and Sweden.
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Thuillier, Philippe. "Optimisation des paramètres de quantification en imagerie TEP pour le diagnostic, l'évaluation thérapeuthique et le pronostic des cancers endocriniens Malignancy rate of focal thyroid incidentaloma detected by FDG PET–CT: results of a prospective cohort study, in Endocrine Connections 6(6), 2017 Diagnostic Value of FDG PET-CT Quantitative Parameters and Deauville-Like 5 Point-Scale in Predicting Malignancy of Focal Thyroid Incidentaloma, in Frontiers in Medicine 6(24), February 2019." Thesis, Brest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BRES0088.
Full textAbstract:
L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de proposer une approche systématique et raisonnée des outils de quantification disponibles en routine clinique et du domaine de la recherche dans la prise en charge des patients atteints d’une tumeur endocrine. Nos résultats font état des limites des paramètres semi-quantitatifs pour faire le diagnostic de malignité d’un ITf fixant au 18FDG-TEP/TDM. Nos données sur l’intérêt des paramètres de textures dans le diagnostic de malignité des tumeurs surrénaliennes nous montrent des performances excellentes de ces indices mais qui n’apparaissent cependant pas supérieures en comparaison des paramètres semi-quantitatifs conventionnels. Notre approche soulève de nouvelles hypothèses quant à l’intérêt de l’analyse de texture dans la caractérisation de certaines tumeurs surrénaliennes rares (phéochromocytomes et corticosurrenalomes) qui devront faire l’objet de futurs travaux. Enfin, notre travail sur l’approche multi-paramétrique en imagerie 68Ga-DOTATOC-TEP/TDM met en évidence la faisabilité d’une acquisition dynamique corps entier en 68Ga-DOTATOC-TEP/TDM et les possibilités de quantification de la fixation tumorale des TNE traitées par RIV sur les acquisitions TEMP/TDM post-thérapeutiques. Nos résultats ouvrent des perspectives multiples quant à la prise en charge des TNE à différents étapes de la maladie (diagnostique, pronostique et évaluation thérapeutique)The objective of this work was to propose a systematic and reasoned approach of the quantification tools available in clinical routine and in research in the management of patients with endocrine tumors. Our results report the limitations of semi-quantitative parameters to assess the malignancy of fTI detected by 18FDG-PET / CT. Our data on the interest of textural parameters in the diagnosis of malignancy of adrenal tumors show excellent performances of these indices. However these indices do not appear superior in comparison with conventional semi-quantitative parameters.Our approach raises new hypotheses regarding the interest of texture analysis in the characterization of some rare adrenal tumors (pheochromocytomas and adrenocortical carcinoma) that will be the subject of future work. Finally, our work on the multi-parametric 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET / CT imaging highlights the feasibility of a whole-body dynamic 68Ga-DOTATOC-PET / CT acquisition and the possibilities to perform quantification of NETs uptake treated with PRRT on post-therapeutic SPECT / CT acquisitions. Our results open up multiple perspectives for the management of NETs at different stages of the disease (diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic evaluation)