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Journal articles on the topic 'Lignite Analysis'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

PANILAS, S., and G. HATZIYANNIS. "The distribution of the trace element contents in lignite and ash from Drama lignite deposit, using multivariate statistical analysis." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17202.

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Multivariate statistical analysis was used on existing geochemical data of the Drama lignite deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece. Factor analysis with varimax rotation technique was applied to study the distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements in the lignite and 850°C lignitic ash, to find a small set of factors that could explain most of the geochemical variability. The study showed that major elements AI, Na, Κ, contained in the lignite samples, presented high correlation with most of the trace and rare earth elements. In 850°C lignitic ashes major and trace elements present different redistribution. Only Al remained correlated with the trace elements Co, Cr, Rb, Ta, Th, Ti, Sc and rare earths related with inorganic matter in the lignite beds. Trace elements Fe, Mo, U, V, W, and Lu were associated with organic matter of lignite and had also been affected by the depositional environment.

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2

Pintana, Pakamon, and Nakorn Tippayawong. "Nonisothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis of Thai Lignite with High CaO Content." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/216975.

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Thermal behaviors and combustion kinetics of Thai lignite with different SO3-free CaO contents were investigated. Nonisothermal thermogravimetric method was carried out under oxygen environment at heating rates of 10, 30, and 50°C min−1from ambient up to 1300°C. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods were adopted to estimate the apparent activation energy (E) for the thermal decomposition of these coals. Different thermal degradation behaviors were observed in lignites with low (14%) and high (42%) CaO content. Activation energy of the lignite combustion was found to vary with the conversion fraction. In comparison with the KAS method, higherEvalues were obtained by the FWO method for all conversions considered. High CaO lignite was observed to have higher activation energy than the low CaO coal.

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3

Pe-Piper, Georgia, and David J. W. Piper. "Volcanic ash in the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation of Nova Scotia: source and implicationsGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100082." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 11 (November 2010): 1427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-078.

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Lignites and coals, because of their low sedimentation rates of terrigenous detritus, may preserve a record of volcanic ash fall. Lignite from the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation in central Nova Scotia was studied to identify whether any volcanic ash is present and can be correlated to known Early Cretaceous volcanism in southeastern Canada and adjacent New England. The bulk mineralogy and geochemistry of lignite and lignitic mudstones was determined by X-ray diffraction and whole-rock geochemical analysis of ashed samples; selected samples were examined by electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope. Much of the terrigenous component of some lignites consists of detrital sediments. In some lignites, distinctive rare earth element patterns are due to leaching from monazite and concentration in organic matter. Some lignites, however, lack illite and (or) quartz indicative of detrital sources, but show unusual abundance of stable high-field-strength elements such as Nb, Ta, and Hf, suggesting a volcanic source. Wood or charcoal fragments appear mineralized and diagenetic talc is present. Most of any ash component has been altered to kaolinite. Bulk composition of original ash ranges from basaltic to rhyolitic and matches chemically with subalkaline volcanic rocks on the SW Grand Banks and Orpheus graben. Coeval volcanic rocks on the U.S. continental margin and the New England–Quebec igneous province are more alkaline. Altered ash in lignite in the lower member of the Chaswood Formation correlates with Neocomian volcanism on the SW Grand Banks; and in the middle and upper members with Aptian–Albian volcanism in Orpheus graben.

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4

FOSCOLOS, M., C. T. SHAW, and M. SIDERIS. "LIGNITE QUALITY ANALYSIS & MODELLING." Mineral Resources Engineering 04, no. 02 (June 1995): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0950609895000151.

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5

Akçakoca, H., H. Aykul, I. G. Ediz, K. Erarslan, and D. W. Dixon-Hardy. "Productivity analysis of lignite production." Journal of the Energy Institute 81, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174602208x299785.

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6

Kök, M. V. "Thermal analysis of Beypazari lignite." Journal of thermal analysis 49, no. 2 (August 1997): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01996744.

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7

Liu, Ming Qiang, Jian Zhong Liu, Yu Jie Yu, Zhi Hua Wang, Jun Hu Zhou, and Ke Fa Cen. "Investigation of Lignite Combustion Characteristics with Thermal Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.25.

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Combustion characteristics of three types of lignite (coming from Indonesia, Ximeng, Hami), and a bituminous coal from Shenfu were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combustion parameters including characteristic temperatures, maximum rate of combustion, combustion performance index and activation energy of samples were analyzed. Kinetic parameters of samples were calculated using Jander model. The results showed that the characteristic temperatures of lignite samples are lower than that of bituminous coal. Indonesian lignite has the best combustion performance and the lowest activation energy. It indicates that high quality lignite such as Indonesian lignite has good combustion performance, even better than some bituminous coal, which makes it possible to use lignite by bulk combustion.

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8

Yao, Jinghua, Lei Xiao, and Liqiang Wang. "Separation and analysis of lignite bioconversion products." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (July 2012): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.01.015.

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9

Guan, Jun, De Min He, Bin Bin Song, and Qiu Min Zhang. "Lignite Thermal Upgrading and its Effect on Surface Properties." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.887.

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Lignite samples, Huolinhe(HLH) and Xiaolongtan(XLT) lignites were used for experiments. Mild pyrolysis experiments were carried out by final temperature 150～450°C. Physical and chemical properties have been investigated using thermogravimetric, FTIR analysis, nitrogen adsorption and oxygen-functional group analysis. Besides, the changes of the surface properties during upgrading were characterized in detail. The results show that specific surface area and moisture-holding capacity have the trend of first decreases and then increases in the upgrading temperature range. Furthermore, the decomposition of the oxygen-bearing functional groups on the coal surface which reduced the moisture-holding capacity. Oxygen absorption experiments indicate that thermal upgrading could decrease the tendency of lignite to spontaneous combustion.

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10

Wallis, Fiona J., Bruce L. Chadwick, and Richard J. S. Morrison. "Analysis of Lignite Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 8 (August 2000): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001950814.

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The application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the chemical analysis of low-ash lignite has been investigated. A Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) is used to induce emission from the ash-forming components, which is then spectrally resolved and analyzed. LIBS analyses of five inorganic components of lignite were shown to be reproducible between sample pellets at a 95% confidence level. Detection limits (in ppm) on an as-received basis of 60 (Ca and Al), 70 (Na), 90 (Fe), and 200 (Mg and Si) were obtained from a study of 30 lignite samples, each of which was interrogated by 300 laser pulses.

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11

Cehlár, Michal, Radim Rybár, Ján Pinka, Lorik Haxhiu, and Martin Beer. "Analysis of Suitability for Development of New Mining Field in Northern Part of Kosovo Lignite Basin - Sibovc / Analiza Możliwości Udostępnienia Nowego Obszaru Wybierania W Północnej Części Zagłębia Węgla Brunatnego Sibovc W Kosowie." Archives of Mining Sciences 58, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amsc-2013-0038.

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This review describes the possibility of development a new lignite deposit in northern Kosovo lignite basin - Sibovc. Analysis of the initial state briefly evaluates Kosovo energy sector, geomorphological conditions and quality of lignite from Sibovc deposit. With using Dataminesoft it was created geological model and approximate calculation of lignite reserves in the deposit. The data obtained from Dataminesoft were used as starting points of the financial analysis of project. The result of the analysis is exactly describe the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of deposit Sibovc compared to other deposits in the area and creating of geological model with productive horizons deposit of lignite. Based on these data lignite deposit Sibovc was classified, according to the classification of deposits the UN, as economical.

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12

Krasniqi-Alidema, Drenusha, Risto Filkoski, and Marigona Krasniqi. "Exergy efficiency analysis of lignite-fired steam generator." Thermal Science 22, no. 5 (2018): 2087–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180131265k.

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The operation of steam generators and thermal power plants is commonly evaluated on a basis of energy analysis. However, the real useful energy loss cannot be completely justified only by the First law of thermodynamics, since it does not differentiate between the quality and amount of energy. The present work aims to give a contribution towards identification of the sources and magnitude of thermodynamic inefficiencies in utility steam generators. The work deals with a parallel analysis of the energy and exergy balances of a coal-fired steam generator that belongs to a 315 MWe power generation unit. The steam generator is de-signed for operation on low grade coal - lignite with net calorific value 6280 to 9211 kJ/kg, in a cycle at 545?C/177.4 bar, with feed water temperature 251?C, combustion air preheated to 272?C and outlet flue gas temperature 160?C. Since the largest exergy dissipation in the thermal power plant cycle occurs in the steam generator, energy, and exergy balances of the furnace and heat exchanging surfaces are established in order to identify the main sources of inefficiency. On a basis of the analysis, optimization of the combustion and heat transfer processes can be achieved through a set of measures, including retrofitting option of lignite pre-drying with flue gas and air preheating with dryer exhaust gases.

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13

Hu, Lin, Long He, and Guanghua Wang. "Drying kinetics characteristics of lignite using thermogravimetric analysis." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 42, no. 5 (March 7, 2019): 586–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1587105.

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14

WANG, Yu-gao, Xian-yong WEI, Peng LI, Zhi-min ZONG, Zhong-hai NI, and Xiang-en HAN. "Mechanism analysis for supercritical ethanolysis of Huolinguole lignite." Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology 40, no. 3 (March 2012): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-5813(12)60014-0.

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15

Ďuriš, Lukáš, and Richard Šňupárek. "Numerical Analysis of the Stability of Lignite Pillars." Procedia Engineering 191 (2017): 310–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.05.186.

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16

Tia, S., S. C. Bhattacharya, and P. Wibulswas. "Thermogravimetric analysis of Thai lignite—I. pyrolysis kinetics." Energy Conversion and Management 31, no. 3 (January 1991): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(91)90080-3.

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17

Chen, X. Y., Y. F. Zhang, and Q. Zhou. "Analysis of Lignite Character in Inner Mongolia China." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 342 (October 29, 2019): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/342/1/012020.

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18

Wang, Qingsong, Wei Liu, Xueliang Yuan, Xiaoning Zheng, and Jian Zuo. "Future of lignite resources: a life cycle analysis." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 23, no. 24 (September 23, 2016): 24796–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-016-7642-9.

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19

Hou, Ao, Ze Wang, Wenli Song, and Weigang Lin. "Thermogravimetric analysis on gasification reactivity of Hailar lignite." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 109, no. 1 (June 23, 2011): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10973-011-1712-5.

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20

Votolin, K. S., O. S. Efimova, S. I. Zherebtsov, K. M. Shpakodraev, N. V. Malyshenko, and Z. R. Ismagilov. "Lignite Fulvic Acids: Analysis by Dynamic Light Scattering." Coke and Chemistry 65, no. 9 (September 2022): 363–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068364x22700016.

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21

Vamvuka, Despina, and Christia Loulashi. "Catalytic Co-gasification of Lignites Blended with a Forest Residue under the Carbon Dioxide Stream." Catalysis Research 02, no. 03 (September 29, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/cr.2203031.

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The present study investigated the co-gasification of two different lignites blended with the forest residue collected from the land restoration activity sites of open-pit mines located in the region of the Ptolemais basin in North Greece performed under the carbon dioxide stream. All samples were devolatilized in a fixed bed unit prior to the gasification evaluations. The gasification evaluations were performed using a thermal analysis system (TG/DTG) operated at temperatures of up to 1000 °C. The reactivity, conversion, cold gas efficiency, and influence of the external catalysts CaO and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> were assessed in the evaluations. The reaction rate of the forest residue was 2–3 folds higher than that of the lignites, with the conversion of the former reaching a value of 96.4% (dry basis), while the conversion of the lignites varied between 43.4% and 51.6%. The peak inflection temperature was in the range of 859–939 °C. The reactivity of the lignite/biomass blends was higher than that of the lignites, and the final conversion was increased by approximately 30%. When individual biochars were impregnated with 30% CaO or K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, the process occurred at lower temperatures, and the conversion of the lignites increased by 35%–40% while that of the forest residue reached a value of 100%. The CaO catalyst performed better. Finally, a blend of equal amounts of Kardia lignite or Ahlada lignite and the forest residue with 30% CaO was formulated, which resulted in an 89.6% or 71.7% conversion to carbon monoxide gas, respectively.

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22

Niu, Xian, Jianbin Zhang, Cuiyan Wang, Xiaoqian Jia, Jilagamazhi Fu, and Yonglu Suo. "Evaluation of the lignite biotransformation capacity of Fusarium sp. NF01 cultured on different growth substrates." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 67, no. 8 (August 2021): 613–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2020-0157.

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The screening and studying the lignite solubilization/degradation capacities of indigenous microorganisms are key to exploring the in-situ biotransformation of lignite. Herein, a fungus was isolated from in-situ lignite samples and identified as Fusarium sp. NF01. This isolate was then cultured on four different carbon sources to evaluate its lignite-transformation capacity. When cultured on a solid agar medium containing sodium gluconate or sodium glutamate, Fusarium sp. NF01 completely liquefied 0.5 g of lignite within 6 days, and when cultured in a liquid medium containing sodium gluconate, the weight of lignite decreased by 28.4% within 7 days. Elemental analysis showed that the rate of lignite biodegradation was inversely proportional to the C:O ratio of the residual lignite samples. Additionally, a 5.9% biodesulfurization rate was achieved when Fusarium sp. NF01 was cultured in the presence of sodium gluconate. Finally, Fourier-transform infrared analysis of the residual lignite samples revealed relatively weak signal intensities of the signature peaks representing the following: aromatic ring side chains; ether, ester, and alcohol bonds; aromatic ring carbon–carbon double bonds; and aliphatic methyl and methylene. The results show that Fusarium sp. NF01 degrades lignite in a carbon-dependent manner and could be thus used for the bioconversion of subsurface coalbeds.

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23

Handayani, Ismi, Yustin Paisal, Siti Khodijah Chaerun, and Syoni Soepriyanto. "FTIR Analysis on Organic Sulfur Distribution: Aliphatic Mercaptans in Lignite, Prior and after Multistage Artificial Biotreatment Process." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 503–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.503.

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Aliphatic mercaptans (R-SH) are organic sulfur containing functional groups in coal maceral that makes up lignite. Prior and after specific bioprocess on the lignite, namely multistage artificial biotreatment (A-Bmt), organic sulfur rich lignite sample was treated and analyzed by spectroscopic methods. To determine the qualitative change in aliphatic mercaptans on lignite maceral surface, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) method at transmittance spectrum of 400-4000 cm-1 was used on lignite sample in the form of pellet with a KBr mixture. The results of FTIR analysis indicate significant spectrum gradations between natural samples, samples from biooxidation, and samples from column bioflotation. This can be seen in the spectrum distribution pattern of transmittance at 620-690 cm-1 and 1530-1580 cm-1, which gradually and significantly change. The results of biotreatment with the addition of bioreagent Pseudoclavibacter sp. strain SKC/XLW-1 both at biooxidation and column bioflotation stage on A-Bmt method showed that there was a significant difference on spectrum pattern compared to the results with no biotreatment. The spectrum distribution pattern resulted from FTIR analysis also showed a strong correlation with the distribution pattern of decreased levels of organic sulfur and trace elements.

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24

Uner, Mithat, Nezir Kose, Soner Gokten, and Pinar Okan. "Financial and economic factors affecting the lignite prices in Turkey: An analysis of Soma and Can lignites." Resources Policy 33, no. 4 (December 2008): 230–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2008.08.007.

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25

Bai, Xue, Yue Yin Song, Ying Yue Teng, Wen Lu Zhang, Yin Min Song, and Yun Fei Wang. "Effect of -O- on Water Molecule Adsorption and Adsorption Mechanism of Lignite and Coke." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (October 21, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5573498.

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The high moisture content of lignite restricts its extensive and efficient use. Furthermore, the reabsorption of lignite is also a factor that affects lignite spontaneous combustion. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the process and mechanism of water molecule desorption and adsorption on lignite and coke (25–950°C) to achieve the clean and efficient utilization of lignite and environmental protection. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), thermogravimetric analysis, and other techniques were used in this study to explore the water molecule absorption and desorption processes of lignite pyrolysis at different temperatures (25–950°C) and the special contributions of ether bonds to water molecule adsorption. A mechanism of lignite water molecule adsorption was proposed. The results showed that ether bonds played a special role in the water molecule adsorption by pyrolyzed lignite. The ether bond content was greater in the coal samples at 300 and 950°C, which changed the trend of lignite water molecule absorption and the distribution of water (T2) detected in the 1H-NMR experiments and delayed the escape of water molecules during moisture desorption. The total amount of adsorbed water decreased first and then increased in the coal samples as the pyrolysis temperature increased. However, the maximum adsorption interactions of each coal sample increased first and then decreased. This was the result of the interactions between the pores and the oxygen-containing functional groups. Based on the above analysis, water molecule adsorption mechanism models of lignite and coke were constructed. This study offers a new approach for investigating the water molecule adsorption and adsorption mechanisms of lignite and coke.

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26

Ganapathy, T., N. Alagumurthi, R. P. Gakkhar, and K. Murugesan. "Exergy Analysis of Operating Lignite Fired Thermal Power Plant." Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Review 2, no. 1 (June 2009): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/jestr.021.23.

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27

Upadhyay, D. S., A. K. V. Sakhiya, K. R. Panchal, and R. N. Patel. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Lignite Gasification in the Downdraft Gasifier." Journal of Energy and Environmental Sustainability 5 (January 31, 2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47469/jees.2018.v05.100058.

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28

Zhang, Yong Feng, Xiang Yun Chen, Quan Zhou, Qian Cheng Zhang, and Chun Ping Li. "Combustion Kinetic Analysis of Lignite in Different Oxygen Concentration." Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (January 2014): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.37.

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Combustion behavior of indigenous lignite in oxygen-enriched conditions was investigated by using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Combustion tests were carried out in different oxygen concentration (21%O2/79%N2, 30%O2/70%N2, 40%O2/60%N2, 50%O2/50%N2, 60%O2/40%N2, 70%O2/30%N2). Then get the characteristic temperatures. . The model-fitting mathematical approach was used to evaluated the kinetic triplet (f (α),E,A) through Gorbatchev method. The combustion stages were divided into the early combustion stage and the later combustion stage. The calculation showed that the kinetics parameters higher in the early combustion stage than that in the later combustion stage.

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29

Demirbaş, Ayhan. "Fractionation and Analysis of Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Lignite." Energy Sources 24, no. 9 (September 2002): 817–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00908310290086806.

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30

Patel, Vimal R., Rajesh N. Patel, and Vandana J. Rao. "Kinetic Parameter Estimation of Lignite by Thermo-gravimetric Analysis." Procedia Engineering 51 (2013): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.104.

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31

Tia, S., S. C. Bhattacharya, and P. Wibulswas. "Thermogravimetric analysis of Thai lignite—II. Char combustion kinetics." Energy Conversion and Management 31, no. 3 (January 1991): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-8904(91)90081-s.

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32

Tutmez, Bulent, Burak Hozatli, and A. Kemal Cengiz. "An overview of Turkish lignite qualities by logistic analysis." Journal of Coal Science and Engineering (China) 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12404-013-0201-9.

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33

Mo, Qiong, Junjie Liao, Yanli Zhang, Liping Chang, Yanna Han, and Weiren Bao. "Kinetic analysis on water adsorption of thermally upgraded lignite." Fuel Processing Technology 211 (January 2021): 106603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2020.106603.

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34

Li, Wen, Na Wang, and Baoqing Li. "Process analysis of catalytic multi-stage hydropyrolysis of lignite." Fuel 81, no. 11-12 (July 2002): 1491–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00095-9.

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35

Li, Wen, Na Wang, and Baoqing Li. "Product analysis of catalytic multi-stage hydropyrolysis of lignite☆." Fuel 82, no. 5 (March 2003): 569–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00330-7.

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36

Kaden, Stefan. "Analysis of regional water policies in lignite mining areas." Annual Review in Automatic Programming 12 (January 1985): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0066-4138(85)90372-6.

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37

Stefanovic, Predrag, Nikola Zivkovic, Dragoslava Stojiljkovic, Vladimir Jovanovic, Milic Eric, Zoran Markovic, and Dejan Cvetinovic. "Pljevlja lignite carbon emission characteristics." Thermal Science 23, Suppl. 5 (2019): 1523–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci180726288s.

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The anthropogenic emission of GHG especially CO has to be limited and reduced due to 2 their impact on global warming and climate change. Combustion of fossil fuels in the energy sector has a dominant share in total GHG emissions. In order to reduce GHG emission, European Union established a scheme for GHG allowance trading within the community, and the implementation of the European Union emission trading scheme, which is a key to GHG reduction in a cost-effective way. An important part of emission trading scheme is prescribed methodology for monitoring, reporting, and verification of the emission of GHG including characterization of the local fuels combusted by the energy sector. This paper presents lignite characteristics from open-pit mine Borovica- Pljevlja, which has highest coal production in Montenegro (>1.2 Mt per year), including evaluation of its carbon emission factor based on the laboratory analysis of 72 coal samples. Testing of the samples included proximate and ultimate analysis, as well as, net calorific value determination. In accordance with the obtained results, linear correlations between net calorific value and combustible matter content, carbon content and combustible matter content, hydrogen content and combustible matter content, carbon content and net calorific value, were established. Finally, the non-linear analytical correlation between carbon emission factor and net calorific value for Pljevlja lignite was proposed, as a base for the precise calculation of CO emission evaluation.

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38

Auechalitanukul, Chiraporn, Ryan C. McCuiston, Tarit Prasartseree, Pongpat Pungpipat, and Smatcha Olaranont. "Properties of Sintered Brick Containing Lignite Bottom Ash Substitutions." Key Engineering Materials 659 (August 2015): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.659.138.

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This study examined the feasibility of utilizing lignite bottom ash as a partial substitute for ball clay in an insulating brick composition. Lignite bottom ash is a waste byproduct that is high in alumina and silicates and is therefore a candidate material for replacing aluminosilicate minerals such as clay. The lignite bottom ash powder was obtained from the Mae Moh power plant, Thailand. Small brick specimens were produced by die pressing a mixture of lignite bottom ash, ball clay and aluminum hydroxide. The composition of the mixture contained a fixed amount of aluminum hydroxide, while the lignite bottom ash replaced from 30 to 70% of the ball clay. The pressed samples were sintered at 1300 oC for 1 hour in air. The density, porosity, strength and thermal properties of the samples were measured. A microstructural analysis of the sintered brick was also performed. It was found that the porosity of the samples increased from 35 to 45% with increased lignite bottom ash content. The modulus of rupture and the thermal conductivity of the bricks were reduced with increased lignite bottom ash content, likely due to the increased amount of porosity. Dilatometric analysis found that the thermal expansion increased with increased amounts of lignite bottom ash, possibly as a result of an increased amount of glassy phase. Despite the high thermal expansion coefficient at high temperature, the feasibility of using lignite bottom ash in the insulating brick composition was demonstrated.

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Kojić, Ivan, Achim Bechtel, Nikoleta Aleksić, Dragana Životić, Snežana Trifunović, Gordana Gajica, and Ksenija Stojanović. "Study of the Synergetic Effect of Co-Pyrolysis of Lignite and High-Density Polyethylene Aiming to Improve Utilization of Low-Rank Coal." Polymers 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2021): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13050759.

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The mutual impact of low-quality lignite and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) during open system pyrolysis was investigated, aiming to improve utilization of lignite with simultaneous treatment of HDPE waste. Pyrolysis of lignite, HDPE, and their mixture (mass ratio, 1:1) was performed at temperatures 400, 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C. Initial substrates and pyrolysis products were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), specific carbon isotope analysis of individual hydrocarbons (δ13C), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and elemental analysis. The positive synergetic effect during co-pyrolysis of lignite/HDPE mixture was observed at temperatures ≥450 °C, with the greatest being at 500 °C. The highest yield of liquid co-pyrolysis products with a similar composition to that of crude oils is also noticed at 500 °C. The yields of liquid and gaseous products and quality of pyrolytic products obtained by co-pyrolysis of lignite/HDPE mixture are notably improved compared with pyrolysis of lignite alone. On the other hand, data obtained from pyrolysis of HDPE alone indicate that it cannot be concurrent to well-developed catalytic thermal processes for polymer recycling. However, concerning the huge amount of produced HDPE, at least part of this plastic material can be reused for advanced thermal treatment of lignite, particularly in countries where this low-rank coal represents the main source of energy.

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Chabbi, Abad, Cornelia Rumpel, Pieter M. Grootes, José A. González-Pérez, Roland D. Delaune, Francisco Gonzalez-Vila, Brigitte Nixdorf, and Reinhard F. Hüttl. "Lignite degradation and mineralization in lignite-containing mine sediment as revealed by 14C activity measurements and molecular analysis." Organic Geochemistry 37, no. 8 (August 2006): 957–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.02.002.

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41

Wen, Zhi Qiang, and Xian Ran Zhu. "Technical Analysis on Lignite Drying Technology with High Temperature Flue Gas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1335.

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The procedure and system of drum drying technology are introduced for lignite drying and upgrading with high temperature flue gas. The total moisture and inherent moisture of lignite decrease significantly after being dried and the lower heat value (LHV) increases greatly, which means that the quality of lignite is improved obviously. Both the moisture and air dried volatile of the dried product coal decrease gradually when increasing the drum inlet temperature. However, only the moisture decreases and the volatile varies little when increasing the drum outlet temperature.The rotating speed of drum will make a few impact on the drying degree. Because the combustion load and the drying output will affect each other, it is recommended that the independent pulverized coal system is added. The key factors affecting the system material balance are the ratio of fine-grained powder and lower heat value. The appropriate ratio of fine-grained powder is suggested. The inert atmosphere feeding system which can control the oxygen content independently must be designed.

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Rizvi, Asim H., S. Sheraz Daood, M. Tayyeb Javed, Shahid Munir, Mohamed Pourkashanian, and William Nimmo. "Reactivity Analysis of Pakistani Thar Lignite Reserves in Oxidizing Thermogravimetric Analysis Atmospheres." Energy & Fuels 29, no. 8 (July 29, 2015): 5349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.5b00748.

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Zhou, Jun, Xi Hua Du, Yan Chen, Zhi Min Zong, and Xian Yong Wei. "Identification of Soluble Organic Compounds from Shengli Lignite in Toluene/Ethanol Mixed Solvent." Advanced Materials Research 977 (June 2014): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.977.42.

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Shengli lignite (SL) was extracted with toluene/ethanol at the condition of ultrasonic extraction and the dissolved matters was further analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). 41 organic compounds (OCs) including aliphatic hydrocarbons, arenes, organoheteratom compounds and organo-silicon compound were detected. The analysis of these high-valued OCs from soluble SL can provide an important theoretical basis for non-fuel of lignite. Keywords: Shengli lignite; ultrasonic extraction; soluble organic compounds; GC/MS analysis

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44

Liu, Yuling, Kebing Wang, Yuan Zhong, and Xue Wang. "Co-liquefaction of Shengli lignite and Salix psammophila in a sub/super-critical water-ethanol system." BioResources 15, no. 3 (May 27, 2020): 5433–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.3.5433-5449.

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The co-liquefaction of Shengli lignite and Salix psammophila was used to produce the bio-oil with sub/super-critical water-ethanol as the reaction medium in a WHF-0.1 stainless steel autoclave. The effects of experimental conditions including reaction temperature, holding time, the ratio of S. lignite to S. psammophila, and addition of catalyst were investigated. NaOH is most beneficial to co-liquefaction of S. lignite and S. psammophila. The characteristics of bio-oil and solid residue under the best conditions were determined, and the chemical compositional analysis of bio-oil was done using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the solid residue after the liquefaction. The melting degree of S. lignite in co-liquefaction residue was deeper than that in L-residue, which showed there is a synergic effect between S. lignite and S. psammophila in co-liquefaction.

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Brat, Zagorka, Bojan Jankovic, Dragoslava Stojiljkovic, Milos Radojevic, and Nebojsa Manic. "The assessment of synergistic effect on performing the co-pyrolysis process of coal and waste blends based on thermal analysis." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci210516310b.

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The preliminary thermogravimetric studies of co-pyrolyzed low-rank coals (lignites Kostolac (KSL) and Kolubara (KLB)) with waste materials (spent coffee ground (SCG) and tire rubber granulate (WRG)) in a form of blends have been performed. Thermal analysis (TA) measurements of blend samples were carried out in a nitrogen (N2) atmosphere at three different heating rates of 10, 15 and 20 K min-1. The coal-waste blends were prepared in the percentage ratios of 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30. This work analyzed the synergy analysis for considered blends shown via descriptive parameters during co-pyrolysis process. According to the performed analysis, the presence of synergistic effect was identified, where strong interactions were also observed. For lignite-SCG blends, it was found that two factors which affect the synergy effect with coal are concentration of added biomass material and the heating rate. For lignite-WRG blends, the blending ratio take on a decisive role for positive consequences of a synergistic effect (ratios below 30 % of WRG in coals are desirable). Also, in this work the influence of micro-scale condition parameters such as heating rate (as the experimental regulatory factor) was analyzed on the magnitude response of synergism during co-pyrolysis.

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Liu, Yingchun, Hao Zhang, Xiaohui Zhang, Shan Qing, Aimin Zhang, and Shuping Yang. "Optimization of Combustion Characteristics of Blended Coals Based on TOPSIS Method." Complexity 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4057983.

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The Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method is used to find optimal mixing scheme of Zhaotong lignite, Fuyuan bituminous coal, and Xiaolongtan lignite in terms of combustion performance. Comparative evaluation of different mixing schemes is also conducted, where the flammability index, comprehensive combustion characteristic index, burnout temperature, and economic costs can be used to measure the advantages and disadvantages of different mixing schemes with different parameters. Through analysis and optimization, it is found that when the lignite of Xiaolongtan, lignite of Zhaotong, and bituminous coal of Fuyuan are mixed with a ratio 2 : 1 : 2, the mixed coal has the best performance; when the lignite of Xiaolongtan, lignite of Zhaotong, and bituminous coal of Fuyuan are mixed with a ratio 0 : 2 : 1, the mixed coal has the worst performance.

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Zhang, Zeng Zhi, Shuang Zhou, and Bo Tao Wang. "Experimental Research on Ultrafine Coal Powder for Methane Adsorption." Materials Science Forum 685 (June 2011): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.685.202.

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A new adsorption material technology and its adsorption mechanism were studied in this paper. Anthracite and lignite were taken as raw materials in those experiments. Firstly, the coal was made into different sizes by ball mill then cooked in tube furnace so as to obtain the ultrafine coal material for methane adsorption. Secondly, the ultrafine coal powder which fully adsorbed methane was gone through the gas chromatography analysis to choose the best samples. Finally, the characterization of adsorption and adsorption mechanism were researched by the micro-morphology analysis, thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, BET surface area-aperture-volume analysis and infrared spectral analysis. The results of experiments showed that the ultrafine lignite powder which mainly consists of microporous, is more suitable for methane adsorption. Under the same treatment condition, the adsorption capacity of lignite series is better than that of anthracite series. After milling for 120 minutes and coking in medium temperature, the lignite could be used as the best material of ultrafine coal powder for methane adsorption.

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Kot, Wojciech, and Marek Widera. "Glaciotectonically Deformed Lignite Deposits In The Area Between Łagówek And Sieniawa, Western Poland." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0013.

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Abstract The Sieniawa Lignite Mine, situated between Łagówek and Sieniawa in western Poland, has been operating for nearly 150 years. This territory was strongly affected by the Scandinavian ice sheets during the Pleistocene. The depth of these deformations reaches the main and currently exploited lignite seam of Miocene age, the second Lusatian lignite seam (LLS-2). Analysis of drilling profiles and observations of the lignite opencast walls allow documentation of the diversity and abundance of glaciotectonic deformation structures within Neogene and Quaternary sediments, which include upright and recumbent folds, normal and reversed faults, complementary joint sets, injection structures as well as shear surfaces.

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49

Chodak, Marcin, Maria Niklińska, and Friedrich Beese. "The Use of near Infrared Spectroscopy to Quantify Lignite-Derived Carbon in Humus-Lignite Mixtures." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 15, no. 3 (June 2007): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.724.

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Assessment of the percentage of lignite-derived C (lign-C%) in mine soils may be achieved only by using time-consuming and expensive methods. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare near infrared (NIR) spectra of forest humus and lignite and (2) to test whether NIR spectroscopy may assess lign-C% in artificial mixtures of humus and lignite. The experiment consisted of three trials (T1, T2 and T3). In T1 the mixed samples ( n = 75) were produced from one humus sample and one lignite sample, in T2 (n = 74) from 74 different humus samples and one lignite sample and in T3 (n = 74) from 74 different humus samples and 15 lignite samples. In each trial, 35 samples were used to develop calibration equations and the remaining samples were used for validation. The humus and the lignite samples used to produce the mixed samples were analysed for C, H, N and S and their NIR spectra were recorded. The lignite samples contained more C, H and S and less N than the humus samples. Principal component analysis revealed significant differences between NIR spectra of the humus and the lignite samples. The prediction of lign-C% in T1 [regression coefficient (b) of linear regression (measured against predicted values) = 0.99, correlation coefficient ( r2) = 1.00, standard error of prediction (SEP) = 1.2%] and T2 ( b = 0.99, r2 = 0.99, SEP = 1.9%) was very good and in T3 satisfactory ( b = 0.83, r2 = 0.92, SEP = 4.0% ). The calibration equations of T2 predicted lign-C% satisfactorily and also in the validation samples of T3 (b = 0.88, r2 = 0.93, SEP = 4.0% ). The results indicate the ability of NIR spectroscopy to predict lign-C% in the mixed humus and lignite samples and suggest usefulness of NIR spectroscopy for the assessment of the percentage of lignite-derived C in the organic horizons of mine soils.

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Duan, Yu Long, Qing Shan You, and Qing Hua Zhang. "The Combustion Analysis of Coal under Deflagration." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.126.

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The products of coal under fast pyrolysis experiments were carried to study the mechanism of coal products under the fast heat effects of deflagration. Several coal were studied here, such as young lignite, old lignite, long flame coal, coke and young anthracite. The experiments temperature is between 588~1313K, experiments heating velocity is 5000K/s, and with normal pressure, experiments time are 1s, 2s, 5s, 10s. Through fast pyrolysis experiments, products separated out from coal was got. There are CH4, CO, CO2, C2H4, C2H6, C4, C5, C3H6, C3H8. This mixed gas is flammable. The results could be used to study the combustion efficiency and mechanism of this special combustion course of different rank coal. This work is useful for study the coal using in the field of energy using and combustion. It may provide one new method to protect our environment tomorrow.

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