Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lignite Analysis

Academic literature on the topic 'Lignite Analysis'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lignite Analysis"

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PANILAS, S., and G. HATZIYANNIS. "The distribution of the trace element contents in lignite and ash from Drama lignite deposit, using multivariate statistical analysis." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17202.

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Multivariate statistical analysis was used on existing geochemical data of the Drama lignite deposit, eastern Macedonia, Greece. Factor analysis with varimax rotation technique was applied to study the distribution of major, trace and rare earth elements in the lignite and 850°C lignitic ash, to find a small set of factors that could explain most of the geochemical variability. The study showed that major elements AI, Na, Κ, contained in the lignite samples, presented high correlation with most of the trace and rare earth elements. In 850°C lignitic ashes major and trace elements present different redistribution. Only Al remained correlated with the trace elements Co, Cr, Rb, Ta, Th, Ti, Sc and rare earths related with inorganic matter in the lignite beds. Trace elements Fe, Mo, U, V, W, and Lu were associated with organic matter of lignite and had also been affected by the depositional environment.
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Pintana, Pakamon, and Nakorn Tippayawong. "Nonisothermal Thermogravimetric Analysis of Thai Lignite with High CaO Content." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/216975.

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Thermal behaviors and combustion kinetics of Thai lignite with different SO3-free CaO contents were investigated. Nonisothermal thermogravimetric method was carried out under oxygen environment at heating rates of 10, 30, and 50°C min−1from ambient up to 1300°C. Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) methods were adopted to estimate the apparent activation energy (E) for the thermal decomposition of these coals. Different thermal degradation behaviors were observed in lignites with low (14%) and high (42%) CaO content. Activation energy of the lignite combustion was found to vary with the conversion fraction. In comparison with the KAS method, higherEvalues were obtained by the FWO method for all conversions considered. High CaO lignite was observed to have higher activation energy than the low CaO coal.
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Pe-Piper, Georgia, and David J. W. Piper. "Volcanic ash in the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation of Nova Scotia: source and implicationsGeological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100082." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 11 (November 2010): 1427–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e10-078.

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Lignites and coals, because of their low sedimentation rates of terrigenous detritus, may preserve a record of volcanic ash fall. Lignite from the Lower Cretaceous Chaswood Formation in central Nova Scotia was studied to identify whether any volcanic ash is present and can be correlated to known Early Cretaceous volcanism in southeastern Canada and adjacent New England. The bulk mineralogy and geochemistry of lignite and lignitic mudstones was determined by X-ray diffraction and whole-rock geochemical analysis of ashed samples; selected samples were examined by electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope. Much of the terrigenous component of some lignites consists of detrital sediments. In some lignites, distinctive rare earth element patterns are due to leaching from monazite and concentration in organic matter. Some lignites, however, lack illite and (or) quartz indicative of detrital sources, but show unusual abundance of stable high-field-strength elements such as Nb, Ta, and Hf, suggesting a volcanic source. Wood or charcoal fragments appear mineralized and diagenetic talc is present. Most of any ash component has been altered to kaolinite. Bulk composition of original ash ranges from basaltic to rhyolitic and matches chemically with subalkaline volcanic rocks on the SW Grand Banks and Orpheus graben. Coeval volcanic rocks on the U.S. continental margin and the New England–Quebec igneous province are more alkaline. Altered ash in lignite in the lower member of the Chaswood Formation correlates with Neocomian volcanism on the SW Grand Banks; and in the middle and upper members with Aptian–Albian volcanism in Orpheus graben.
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FOSCOLOS, M., C. T. SHAW, and M. SIDERIS. "LIGNITE QUALITY ANALYSIS & MODELLING." Mineral Resources Engineering 04, no. 02 (June 1995): 145–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0950609895000151.

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5

Akçakoca, H., H. Aykul, I. G. Ediz, K. Erarslan, and D. W. Dixon-Hardy. "Productivity analysis of lignite production." Journal of the Energy Institute 81, no. 2 (June 1, 2008): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174602208x299785.

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6

Kök, M. V. "Thermal analysis of Beypazari lignite." Journal of thermal analysis 49, no. 2 (August 1997): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01996744.

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7

Liu, Ming Qiang, Jian Zhong Liu, Yu Jie Yu, Zhi Hua Wang, Jun Hu Zhou, and Ke Fa Cen. "Investigation of Lignite Combustion Characteristics with Thermal Analysis." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.25.

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Combustion characteristics of three types of lignite (coming from Indonesia, Ximeng, Hami), and a bituminous coal from Shenfu were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Combustion parameters including characteristic temperatures, maximum rate of combustion, combustion performance index and activation energy of samples were analyzed. Kinetic parameters of samples were calculated using Jander model. The results showed that the characteristic temperatures of lignite samples are lower than that of bituminous coal. Indonesian lignite has the best combustion performance and the lowest activation energy. It indicates that high quality lignite such as Indonesian lignite has good combustion performance, even better than some bituminous coal, which makes it possible to use lignite by bulk combustion.
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Yao, Jinghua, Lei Xiao, and Liqiang Wang. "Separation and analysis of lignite bioconversion products." International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 22, no. 4 (July 2012): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmst.2012.01.015.

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9

Guan, Jun, De Min He, Bin Bin Song, and Qiu Min Zhang. "Lignite Thermal Upgrading and its Effect on Surface Properties." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 887–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.887.

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Lignite samples, Huolinhe(HLH) and Xiaolongtan(XLT) lignites were used for experiments. Mild pyrolysis experiments were carried out by final temperature 150～450°C. Physical and chemical properties have been investigated using thermogravimetric, FTIR analysis, nitrogen adsorption and oxygen-functional group analysis. Besides, the changes of the surface properties during upgrading were characterized in detail. The results show that specific surface area and moisture-holding capacity have the trend of first decreases and then increases in the upgrading temperature range. Furthermore, the decomposition of the oxygen-bearing functional groups on the coal surface which reduced the moisture-holding capacity. Oxygen absorption experiments indicate that thermal upgrading could decrease the tendency of lignite to spontaneous combustion.
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Wallis, Fiona J., Bruce L. Chadwick, and Richard J. S. Morrison. "Analysis of Lignite Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 54, no. 8 (August 2000): 1231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702001950814.

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The application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to the chemical analysis of low-ash lignite has been investigated. A Nd: YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) is used to induce emission from the ash-forming components, which is then spectrally resolved and analyzed. LIBS analyses of five inorganic components of lignite were shown to be reproducible between sample pellets at a 95% confidence level. Detection limits (in ppm) on an as-received basis of 60 (Ca and Al), 70 (Na), 90 (Fe), and 200 (Mg and Si) were obtained from a study of 30 lignite samples, each of which was interrogated by 300 laser pulses.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lignite Analysis"

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Lindsey, Benjamin Keith. "Thermogravimetric analysis of biomass-lignite blends for co-combustion." Thesis, University of Bath, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.428358.

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Cimen, Selahattin. "The Analysis Of Total Factor Efficiency In The Public Lignite Mining Organizations In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613544/index.pdf.

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In recent years, the risks created by the import of energy on the security of energy supply has encouraged countries to utilize local resources to a greater extend, and for many countries including Turkey coal is at the top of the local resources. However, it is not sufficient for countries to have an energy resource itself. Intens competition in today'
s globalized system requires the resources to be produced and utilized in the most economical manner. The supply of the resources to the market in a competitive way is possible by employing an efficient operation, which is then possible only through the business units producing these resources working efficiently. In this study, the efficiencies of the eight establishments of the Turkish Coal Enterprises (TKI) between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed by using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), Super Efficiency (SE) and Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Index (MI) methodologies. For the analyses, three output oriented models were constructed and used: Production Efficiency, Revenue Efficiency and Work Safety Efficiency models. In determining the input and output data used in the analyses, it was benefited from similar studies searched in the literature, knowledge of business and economics and a series of brainstorming of the expert panel consisting of ten high level representatives of the public and private lignite mining companies as well as that of the Turkish Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. As a part of the analyses, first the production and revenue efficiencies of the establishments were analyzed by using Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) methods of DEA. Within this context, efficient and inefficient establishments for the years between 2006 to 2009, and benchmarks for inefficient establishments to move to becoming efficient were determined. Furthermore, for the production and revenue efficiency models, the target values and improvement potentials for the inefficient establishments in CRS analyses to becoming more efficient were calculated by using benchmarks tables and 2009 realized values of inputs and outputs. Second, the efficiency rankings of the efficient establishments among themselves between 2006 to 2009 were determined by using SE methodology. Third, to provide the dynamic analysis of the development of the establishments'
s efficiency levels in time, the changes of production, revenue and work safety efficiencies of the establishments between 2006 to 2009 were analyzed using the Malmquist Index (MI) methodology. MI analyses included the analysis of the efficiencies in four efficiency components (Technical, Technological, Pure and Scale efficiencies) as well as the calculation of the Total Factor Productivity Indexes of the establishments.
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Qi, Ying 1964. "Characterisation of organic and inorganic components in process water from a novel lignite dewatering process." Monash University, School of Chemistry, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5234.

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Širůček, David. "Vliv aplikace lignitu na distribuci organického uhlíku v půdě." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401883.

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This diploma thesis is focused on optimization of sequential chemical fractionation method to humeomics in order to be useful for determination of organic matter content and distribution and also organic elements in soil. Subsequently, the optimized method is used to assess the efect of lignite application as soil support on these soil characteristics. For these purposes, there were three source matrices of organic matter (lignite, soil and annual soil extraction after lignite application) fractionated by sequential chemical analysis. In parallel, these samples were also fractionated by classic alkaline extraction to obtain the so-called extractable fraction of organic matter (NOM). Individual fractions from sequential chemical fractionation as well as NOM samples were characterized by methods of elemental analysis (determination of organic elements), thermogravimetry (contents of ash, organic matter and moisture) and FTIR spektrometry (structural analysis). The results obtained from a large range of data from all humeomics fractions and NOM fractions showed that the method of sequential chemical fractionation gives higher yields of organic matter compared to classic alkaline extraction. Another indisputable advantage is the fact that the obtained fractions divided according to solubility and strenght of binding to soil inorganics can be better characterized by physical-chemical methods, which provides more detailed information about soil organic matter. The results of the work also show that in order for lignite as a support substance to significantly affect soil properties, a longer time, multiple sampling and repetition of individual fractionations would be needed.
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Cihlář, Zdeněk. "Retence vody v huminových kyselinách." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216495.

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Humic acids were extracted from South Moravian lignit. That humic sample was oxidized by either H2O2 or HNO3. In next step, oxidized humic acids were polymerized by formaldehyde in order to obtain cross-linked structures with improved water retention capacity. Affinity to water and water retention capacity of obtained products were studied by thermal analysis (DSC – differential scanning calorimetry and TGA – thermogravimetric analysis). In order to study above-mentioned parameters two different methods were used. First approach represented sorption of water to humic acids from three controlled humidities, for description of those processes TGA measurement was used. Second study was based on the DSC monitoring of water excess sorption. Results obtained from TGA measurements showed an increasing sorption ability with increasing relative humidity of the environment. DSC measurerents in hermetically sealed containers resulted in an increasing content of water bound by humic acids structures. All the modified samples of humic acids (oxidized as well as oxidized and modified by formaldehyde) gave higher retention capacity in comparion with the parental humic sample.
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Cihlář, Zdeněk. "Hydrogely huminových kyselin." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234571.

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Huminové kyseliny představují hlavní součást půdní organické hmoty. Jedná se o všudypřítomné sloučeniny s komplexní chemickou a fyzikálně-chemickou strukturou. Předkládaná práce shrnuje několik způsobů modifikací huminových kyselin provedených za účelem úpravy jejich vlastností. V první části byl studován vliv vzdušné oxidace lignitu na velikost výtěžku a fyzikálně-chemický charakter produkovaných regenerovaných huminových kyselin. Druhý krok představoval snahu stabilizovat strukturu lignitických huminových kyselin a zlepšit zádrž vody. Bylo provedeno síťování pomocí formaldehydu a karbodiimidů, které předpokládá vznik nových kovalentních vazeb v různých částech struktury huminových kyselin. Produkce zesíťované struktury byla motivována snahou vytvořit systémy podobné hydrogelům, založené na huminových látkách s možností úpravy jejich reaktivity a retence vody. Chemické složení a fyzikálně-chemické vlastnosti připravených vzorků byly studovány různými metodami, mezi nejdůležitější patří DSC a NMR relaxometrie. Chemické složení bylo studováno pomocí FTIR a elementární analýzy za účelem posoudit a porovnat změny s původním neupraveným vzorkem. Stability vzorků byly stanoveny pomocí termogravimetrie. Nejdůležitějším sledovaným parametrem této práce byla změna hydratačních charakteristik. K jejich studiu jsme vyvinuli a aplikovali několik nových termoanalytických a NMR relaxometrických přístupů. Ve snaze napodobit přírodní procesy byla studována sorpce vody huminovými kyselinami z prostředí s kontrolovanou vzdušnou vlhkostí. Byly pozorovány kvalitativní a kvantitativní hlediska sorpce vody. Zesíťování za použití formaldehydu způsobilo snížení sorpční kapacity vlhkosti. Tato změna je připisována separaci funkčních skupin a menší strukturní kompaktnosti. Zesíťované huminové kyseliny dále vykazovaly rychlejší příjem vody a přibližně třikrát větší kapacitu zádrže vody než původní huminové kyseliny. V případě použití karbodiimidu (ve vodě rozpustného N-Ethyl-N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)karbodiimidu (EDC)) obsahovaly výsledné produkty 14–40 % původních karboxylových skupin. I přesto tyto látky překonaly schopnost sorpce vlhkosti původního nemodifikovaného vzorku o 10–14 % po kondiciaci v prostřední se 100% relativní vzdušnou vlhkostí. Navzdory rigidnější struktuře vykazovaly EDC deriváty rychlejší bobtnání a dosáhly téměř stejné kapacity zádrže vody po 18 dnech jako původní vzorek. Vzorky modifikované karbodiimidy vykazovaly známky degradace již po 3–9 dnech což částečně snižuje jejich využitelnost. Získané výsledky naznačují, že kapacita zádrže vody, kinetika bobtnání a schopnost sorpce vlhkosti huminových kyselin nejsou výhradně určeny koncentrací karboxylových skupin, nebo dalších polárních fragmentů, ale také jejich vzájemným rozmístěním a distribucí velikosti pórů na povrchu a také uvnitř struktury. Získané poznatky této studie mohou sloužit například k produkci půdních kondicionérů založených na huminových kyselinách, tj. remediačních preparátů s požadovanými, ale především nastavitelnými schopnostmi poutat a následně uvolňovat vodu do okolního prostředí. V neposlední řadě přispějí uvedené závěry ke zkvalitnění základního porozumění procesu hydratace v modifikovaných a původní vzorcích, což je přínosné ve vztahu k objasnění hydratace komplexních přírodních systémů a to zejména přírodní organické hmoty.
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Schubert, Daniel Kurt Josef. "Bewertung von Szenarien für Energiesysteme: Potenziale, Grenzen und Akzeptanz." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-202226.

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Die Dissertationsschrift führt im Gegensatz zu bisherigen Ansätzen im Zusammenhang mit der Energiewende einen Perspektivwechsel hin zur gesellschaftlichen Berücksichtigung herbei. Bisherige Szenariostudien richteten ihren Fokus auf die technische Machbarkeit sowie einzelne Kosten- und Umweltaspekte, wie in der Voranalyse gezeigt wird. Die Gesellschaft spielt in diesem Fall eine sekundäre Rolle. Statt einer Berücksichtigung im vorab geschalteten Entscheidungsprozess werden so häufig erst im Anschluss Zeit und Aufwand in die nachgelagerte Überzeugung der Bevölkerung investiert. Der in der Arbeit verfolgte Ansatz setzt konsequent darauf, gesellschaftliche Präferenzen und Barrieren vorab in die Entscheidungsfindung einzubeziehen, damit Entscheidungen selbst nachhaltig Bestand haben. Dazu werden repräsentative Telefonbefragungen genutzt, mit denen einerseits die Präferenzen der Bevölkerung, andererseits die Grenzen der Akzeptanz in Form der Zahlungsbereitschaft ermittelt werden. Erst im Anschluss daran werden Szenariorechnungen durchgeführt, um energiepolitische Handlungsoptionen auch quantitativ bewerten zu können. Bei der anschließenden Gegenüberstellung von gesellschaftlichen Barrieren und Modellergebnissen werden jedoch auch die Grenzen dieses Ansatzes vor Augen geführt: So kann eine aus Bevölkerungsperspektive erwünschte Handlungsoption (hier der Braunkohleausstieg) auch an politischen und rechtlichen Schranken scheitern.
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Ziebell, Angela Louise. "Modelling lignin depolymerisation using size exclusion chromatography." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/35984.

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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008.
Presented for full assessment for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Bibliography: p. 222-246.
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Nagy, Máté. "Biofuels from lignin and novel biodiesel analysis." Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31668.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Chair: Ragauskas, Arthur; Committee Member: Bunz, Uwe; Committee Member: Deng, Yulin; Committee Member: Singh, Preet; Committee Member: Soper, Jake. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Nagy, Máté. "Biofuels from lignin and novel biodiesel analysis." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31668.

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The first part of the thesis presents a study based on the forest biorefinery concept, which involves converting a pulp mill into a multi-purpose biofuels, biomaterials, and biopower production facility in which these products are produced in an environmentally compatible and sustainable manner. A key challenge in this process is the recovery of lignin from process streams such that it can be utilized in a variety of innovative green chemistry processes The first study examines the fundamental chemical structure of LignoBoost derived lignin recovered from Kraft pulping streams using an acid precipitation/washing methodology. Functional group analysis and molecular weight profiles were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and size exclusion chromatography. These findings gave valuable insight into the physical properties and the determining chemical properties of this currently underutilized, renewable bioresource. The second study is based on the future second generation bioethanol production process, where ethanol produced from lignocellulosic materials will bring about the co-production of significant amounts of under-utilized lignin. The study examines the potential of conventional heterogeneous and novel homogeneous catalysts for the selective cleavage of the aryl-O-aryl and aryl-O-aliphatic linkages of ethanol organosolv lignin to convert it from a low grade fuel to potential fuel precursors or other value added chemicals. The experimental data demonstrated that aryl-O-aryl and aryl-O-aliphatic linkages could be cleaved and the hydrogenated lignin had a decrease in oxygen functionality and the formation of products with lower oxygen content. The second part of this thesis reports the development and optimization of a novel qualitative method for the determination of the various types of hydroxyl groups present in biodiesel production streams. In the first study, the use of 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane as a phosphitylation reagent for quantitative ³¹P-NMR analysis of the hydroxyl groups in biodiesel process samples has been developed. Subsequently a characteristic chemical shifts library is developed with model compounds to provide quantitative data on the concentration of biodiesel precursors, intermediates and final product. The last part of this thesis depicts the results of an industrial trial based on the novel biodiesel analytical method developed earlier.
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Books on the topic "Lignite Analysis"

1

Tewalt, Susan J. Chemical characterization of Texas lignite. Austin, Tex: Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin, 1986.

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Substancja mineralna w węglu brunatnym ze złoża "Bełchatów" (pole Bełchatów). Kraków: Wydawn. Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2005.

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Stachura, Elżbieta. Substancja mineralna w węglu brunatnym ze złoża "Bełchatów" (pole Bełchatów). Kraków: Wydawn. Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN, 2005.

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Survey, Illinois State Geological, ed. Moessbauer analysis of Lewisville, Texas, archaeological site lignite and hearth samples. Champaign, IL: Illinois State Geological Survey, 1985.

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Coon, Randal C. North Dakota lignite energy industry's contribution to the state economy. Fargo, N.D: Dept. of Agricultural Economics, Agricultural Experiment Station, North Dakota State University, 2000.

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Fabiańska, Monika. Geochemia organiczna węgli brunatnych wybranych złóż Polski. Katowice: Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, 2007.

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Isabel, Suárez Ruiz, and Crelling John C, eds. Applied coal petrology: The role of petrology in coal utilization. Burlington, MA: Elsevier, 2008.

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Khristov, Khristo Angelov. Low grade coal resources, production and utilization. London: World Energy Conference, 1989.

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Czmochowski, Jerzy. Identyfikacja modeli modalnych maszyn urabiających w górnictwie węgla brunatnego. Wrocław: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 2008.

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Tiemer, K. Submodels of groundwater-surface water interaction for the analysis of regional water policies in open-pit lignite mining areas. S.l: s.n, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lignite Analysis"

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Yüksel, Cansın, and Jörg Benndorf. "Performance Analysis of Continuous Resource Model Updating in Lignite Production." In Geostatistics Valencia 2016, 431–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46819-8_29.

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Mikroutsikos, A., A. I. Theocharis, N. C. Koukouzas, and I. E. Zevgolis. "Analytical versus numerical analysis on slope stability of surface lignite mines." In The Evolution of Geotech - 25 Years of Innovation, 161–67. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003188339-21.

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Wang, Baoqun, Li Dong, Yin Wang, Y. Matsuzawa, and Guangwen Xu. "Process Analysis of Lignite Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler Coupled with Pyrolysis Topping." In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, 706–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02682-9_109.

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Jian, Li, Liu Meng, Duan Yufeng, and Xu Chao. "Physicochemical Analysis of Hydrothermal Upgraded Municipal Sewage Sludge with Low-Rank Lignite." In Clean Coal Technology and Sustainable Development, 45–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2023-0_6.

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Zhang, Y., L. Cheng, Q. Zhang, Z. Zhao, and M. Gao. "Characteristics of RB Control Loop of Large Lignite Power Plant Boiler and Analysis and Comparison." In Clean Coal and Sustainable Energy, 1015–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1657-0_78.

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Simon, Andre, M. Ussath, Nils Hoth, Carsten Drebenstedt, and J. Rascher. "Short Method for Detection of Acidfying and Buffering Sediments in Lignite Mining by Portable XRF-Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Production Engineering, 329–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12301-1_29.

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Liu, Guangjian, Zhen Wu, and Haiying Zhang. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Lignite Fuelled IGCC with CO2 Capture: Comparing Fluidized Bed and Entrained Flow Gasifiers." In Cleaner Combustion and Sustainable World, 1361–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30445-3_180.

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Nayak, Kush Kumar, Piyush Parkhey, and Reecha Sahu. "Analysis of Lignin Using Qualitative and Quantitative Methods." In Lignin, 115–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40663-9_4.

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Hatakeyama, H. "Thermal Analysis." In Methods in Lignin Chemistry, 200–214. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74065-7_14.

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Compere, Alicia L., and William L. Griffith. "Preparation and Analysis of Biomass Lignins." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 185–212. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-214-8_13.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lignite Analysis"

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Zhu, Xin, Chang’an Wang, Chunli Tang, and Defu Che. "Energy Analysis of a Lignite-Fueled Power Plant With a Two-Stage Predrying System." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3180.

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Performance of lignite-fueled power plants can be improved by predrying the lignite and it is influenced by the characteristics of drying heat source. Heat source for lignite predrying in power plants can be high-temperature flue gas, boiler exhaust gas and extraction steam. Nevertheless, balance point among drying safety, lignite drying degree and drying thermal economy cannot be located using single drying heat source. In this study, a lignite-fueled power plant with a two-stage drying system was proposed. The drying system mainly contains two fluidized bed dryers — the first stage dryer and the second stage dryer. Boiler exhaust gas and extraction steam supply the heat, respectively. The proposed power plant can attain higher lignite drying degree than the power plant in which only boiler exhaust was employed. The new power plant also features higher overall efficiency for the same lignite drying degree compared with extraction steam drying power plant..
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Liu, Ming, Rongtang Liu, and Junjie Yan. "Theoretical study and case analysis for a pre-dried pyrolysis coupled lignite-fired power system." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7373.

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Lignite, a kind of low rank coal, has the characteristics of high moisture, high volatile, high ash and low heat value. The low-temperature pyrolysis technology is potential to improve the utilization efficiency of lignite. Therefore, a lignite-based energy system integrated with pre-drying and low-temperature pyrolysis was proposed in this paper. To assess the influence of pre-drying process, theoretical models were developed based on thermodynamics, and a case analysis was then performed to get the quantitative effect of pre-drying on efficiency of energy utilization. Results show that pre-drying on PPPS theoretical model can significantly improve the utilization of lignite by 1.46%.Keywords: Lignite; Pre-drying; Low-temperature pyrolysis; Energy efficiency; Case analysis.
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Yan, Junjie, Xiaoqu Han, Jiahuan Wang, Ming Liu, and Sotirios Karellas. "Thermo-economic analysis of an efficient lignite-fired power system integrated with flue gas fan mill pre-drying." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7393.

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Lignite is a domestic strategic reserve of low rank coals in many countries for its abundant resource and competitive price. Combustion for power generation is still an important approach to its utilization. However, the high moisture content always results in low efficiencies of lignite-direct-fired power plants. Lignite pre-drying is thus proposed as an effective method to improve the energy efficiency. The present work focuses on the flue gas pre-dried lignite-fired power system (FPLPS), which is integrated with fan mill pulverizing system and waste heat recovery. The thermo-economic analysis model was developed to predict its energy saving potential at design conditions. The pre-drying upgrade factor was defined to express the coupling of pre-drying system with boiler system and the efficiency improvement effect. The energy saving potential of the FPLPS, when applied in a 600 MW supercritical power unit, was determined to be 1.48 %-pts. It was concluded that the improvement of boiler efficiency mainly resulted from the lowered boiler exhaust temperature after firing pre-dried low moisture content lignite and the lowered dryer exhaust gas temperature after pre-heating the boiler air supply. Keywords: lignite; pre-drying; thermodynamic analysis; thermo-economics
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Yan, Junjie, Ming Liu, Shan Wang, Rongtang Liu, and Xiaoqu Han. "The consumption of exergy for lignite drying with different technologies: a comparative theoretical study." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7372.

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Pre-drying is an effective method to upgrade lignite and broaden its utilization areas. Various drying technologies could be applied to pre-dry lignite. The drying temperature in these drying technologies are different, which means that energy at different grades is used in these dryers. To analyze the irreversibilities of drying process, the exergetic analysis models are developed in this study. The exergy feeding and consumption rates are defined as the indicators. Various lignite drying technologies are calculated and quantitatively compared. Results show that exergy consumption rate for steam fluid-bed dryer is the smallest, which is 432.6 kJ (kg H2O)-1. Keywords: lignite; drying technologies; exergy analysis; thermodynamics
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Oka, S., B. Grubor, D. Dakic´, M. Ilic´, V. Manovic´, M. Eric´, M. Paprika, et al. "Investigation of the Suitability of Serbian Lignites for Burning in CFBC Boilers." In 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2005-78016.

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The results of the detailed investigations of behavior of lignites Kolubara and Kovin, in fluidized bed combustion are presented in the paper. Investigation was carried out due to the interest of the Serbian Electric Power Production Company to use CFBC boilers in the process of refurbishment of old pulverized coal combustion boilers. As a part of a feasibility study for CFBC use in power plants in Serbia, investigation of combustion characteristics of lignites was performed using original methodology introduced many years ago by Laboratory for Thermal Engineering and Energy. Methodology was approved by numerous investigations of more than 20 Yugoslav coals for FBC combustion, with the aim to determine design data for bubbling FBC boilers. The main attention in present investigation was paid to the problem of using methodology developed for bubbling FBC in the conditions present in CFBC boilers. Four samples of Kolubara lignite, with heat capacity from 2.5 to 8.5 MJ/kg, and different ash contents were investigated, and also lignite Kovin in the same range of heat capacity. Investigations were performed in three phases: (1) ultimate and proximate analysis, determination of ash sintering temperature by standard method and in fluidized bed laboratory oven, (2) investigations in laboratory fluidized bed furnace and determination of coal particle fragmentation, burning rate, start-up temperature and self-sulfure-capture and (3) investigation of combustion in pilot-plant in stationary combustion conditions. In conclusion, suitability of results obtained in BFBC conditions is approved, and earlier statement that lignites are suitable for BFBC is confirmed by the statement that lignites are even more suitable for burning in CFBC boilers. Considering differences between combustion and flow conditions in bubbling and circulating FBC boilers, behavior of the lignites in CFBC is discussed in details and optimal regime parameters of the CFBC boilers are determined. The results obtained will be used by Serbian Electric Power Production Company for evaluation of bid for CFBC boiler implementation in refurbishment of old thermal power plants.
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Masudi, Houshang, and Richard B. Griffin. "Tribo-Chemistry of Particles Collected During In Situ Gasification of Texas Lignite." In ASME 1997 Turbo Asia Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-aa-085.

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Particles collected during in situ gasification of Texas lignite experiments were analyzed for chemical elements. Results obtained by energy dispersive x-ray analysis revealed that the dominating elements in both particles and lignite are Si, S, Al, Fe, and Ca. The concentration of these elements depends on the selected region and varies within the particle size range. Semi-quantitative analysis revealed the same results. This paper presents the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDXA) for particles and Rockdale lignite.
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Ebert, Volker, H. Teichert, and T. Fernholz. "In situ measurement of CO, H2O and gas temperature in a lignite-fired power-plant." In Laser Applications to Chemical and Environmental Analysis. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lacea.2002.thb3.

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Chetia, Rimpy, Runcie Mathews, and Prakash Singh. "Lipid biomarker analysis on the sediments of a lignite-bearing succession." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.3619.

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Atibeh, Ehsan Abbasi, and Ahmet Yozgatligil. "Combustion Characteristics of Biomass Ash and Lignite Blend Under Oxy-Fuel Conditions." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65182.

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In this study an attempt was done to profoundly explore the pyrolysis and combustion behaviors and emission characteristics of lignite samples in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 (oxy-fuel conditions) ambients. A special focus was allocated to the effects of three inorganic materials, potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) on combustion characteristics of Turkish lignite using non-isothermal Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) technique combined with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the effects of ambient gases and various oxygen mole fractions were considered. Eventually the co-processing combustion tests of lignite and the ash contents of different biomass fuels were investigated and the possible way of using biomass as a potential source of inexpensive catalysts in combustion processes were discussed. Co-processing combustion tests of lignite and biomass ash contents indicated that the hazelnut shell and walnut shell ash contents were significantly effective in increasing the char reactivity of lignite due to high concentration of potassium based oxides during combustion tests carried out in both air and 30% O2 in CO2 ambients. Furthermore the catalytic reactivity of wheat straw and cattle manure ash contents were observed in the second region of combustion regarding volatile matter release and combustion in both air and 30% O2 in CO2 ambients. These results are thought to be due to high concentrations of Alkali and Alkaline earth metals existed in the impregnated lignite samples with wheat straw and cattle manure ash contents and especially Na-based oxides in the cattle manure form. Finally in the case of lignite sample impregnated with saw dust ash content, it was observed that the impregnated lignite was significantly more reactive in devolatalization process in 30% O2 in CO2 ambients. These results revealed that the ash contents of walnut and hazelnut shell biomass fuels can be used as a potential source of inexpensive K-based catalysts in the co-processing of coal and biomass ash. Furthermore high concentrations of Alkali and Alkaline earth metals existed in the ash contents of biomass fuels like wheat straw, cattle manure and saw dust can make them suitable sources of inexpensive catalysts and develop a step forward in economic aspects of catalytic coal combustion.
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Jula, Dumitru, Stela Dinescu, and Ovidiu-Bogdan Tomus. "Reliability Analysis of ESRC 1400 Bucket Wheel Excavators Operating in Oltenia Lignite Open Pit Mines." In MultiScience - XXIX. microCAD International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference. University of Miskolc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.26649/musci.2015.074.

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Reports on the topic "Lignite Analysis"

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Greig, Chris, Eric Larson, Thomas Kreutz, Johannes Meerman, and Robert Williams. Lignite-plus-Biomass to Synthetic Jet Fuel with CO2 Capture and Storage: Design, Cost, and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Analysis for a Near-Term First-of-a-Kind Demonstration Project and Prospective Future Commercial Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1438250.

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Ardakani, O. H. Organic petrography and thermal maturity of the Paskapoo Formation in the Fox Creek area, west-central Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330296.

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The Paskapoo Formation, which ranges in age from middle to upper Paleocene, is the major shallow aquifer in Alberta. This study is part of a larger GSC-led study on the potential environmental impact of hydrocarbon development in the Fox Creek area (west-central Alberta) on shallow aquifers. Fox Creek is located near the northern limit of the Paskapoo Formation. In addition to the underlying organic-rich source rocks in the study area, including the Duvernay Formation that is currently exploited for hydrocarbon resources, the Paskapoo Formation contains organic-rich intervals and coal seams. In order to investigate any potential internal hydrocarbon sources within the Paskapoo Formation, ninety-seven (97) cutting samples from the formation obtained from eight shallow monitoring wells (50-90 m) in the study area were studied for total organic carbon (TOC) content, organic matter composition and thermal maturity of coal seams using programmed pyrolysis analysis and organic petrography. The TOC content of all samples ranges from 0.2 to 8.8 wt. %, with a mean value of 0.95 ± 1.6 wt. % (n=97). The Tmax values of studied samples range from 347 to 463 °C, with a mean value of 434 ± 20 °C that suggest a range of thermal maturity from immature to peak oil window. The random reflectance (Rr) measurement and fluorescence microscopy on eighteen (18) selected samples with TOC content > ~1 wt. % shows a mean Rr value of 0.27% and 0.42% for the overlying till deposits and the underlying shallow depth sandstone, siltstone, shale and coal seams respectively, indicating a low rank coal ranging from lignite to sub-bituminous coal. Blue to green and yellow fluorescing liptinite macerals further confirmed the low maturity of studied samples. The low S2 yield of a large part of the samples (65%) resulted in unreliable Tmax values that overestimated the thermal maturity. Although the organic matter in the studied intervals are immature, exsudatinite, as secondary liptinite maceral, was observed in samples from the lower parts of the studied monitoring wells. Exsudatinite generally derives from the transformation of sporinite, alginite, resinite and varieties of vitrinite, which is a resinous or asphalt like material. Considering the thickness and distribution of coal seams in the studied samples, it is unlikely the exsudatinite will be a major source for aquifer hydrocarbon contamination in the study area. Additional stratigraphic studies and molecular geochemical analysis could provide an estimate of the total volume of possible organic compounds contribution to the aquifer in the study area. Due to the presence of coal seams in the studied intervals of the Paskapoo Formation, it is important to investigate the possibility of biogenic methane formation in Paskapoo shallow aquifers.
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Eshed, Yuval, and Sarah Hake. Shaping plant architecture by age dependent programs: implications for food, feed and biofuel. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597922.bard.

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Age dependent programs are responsible for the physiological and developmental differences of young and mature plants. These include a range of morphological characters such as leaf shape and leaf composition (waxes, lignin etc..) but also different in developmental potentials. Apical buds of juvenile plants are vegetative, while those of mature plants can be reproductive. Likewise, basal buds form in the axills of juvenile leaves have different fates than distal buds formed in the axils of mature leaves. The goal of our joint project is to understand and exploit theses age related programs for specific improvement of crop plants. To that end both the WIS group and the PGEC group are using mutants with age related defects as well as modified expression of miR156 to modify age related programs in crop plants- Tomato and potato in Israel and Maize, switchgrass and Brchipodium in the US. In the US, major effort were made to: Characterize the contribution of selected miR156 target genes to yield component traits of maize. Functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in new crop plants. In Israel, the research progressed in several directions: Understanding the interplay between age dependent programs and the potential of tomato and potato meristems to produce tubers. Evaluation of the agronomic value of mutants that alter flowering regime in side shoots in general, and in the sympodial buds in particular Characterization of wild type axillary buds, comparing shoot ontogeny of gradually maturing apices from basal and distal positions along the main shoot of tomato.
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