Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lignine – Imagerie'
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Morel, Oriane. "Characterization of the spatial distribution of lignins in plant cell walls using chemical reporters and Raman." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS118.
Full textLignin is a polyphenolic polymer of the cell wall involved in many aspects of growth and development in higher plants. As a major component of lignocellulosic biomass, it is also of economic interest. Although the biosynthesis of the lignin polymer is relatively well understood, we need to know more about how changes (quantity/structure) to other cell wall polymers (e.g., cellulose, hemicelluloses, pectins) affect lignin production. To provide more information on this question we implemented a two-phase approach based on the use of biological imaging. The first phase involved the development/improvement of different high-resolution complementary imaging techniques. We firstly developed a novel quantitative ratiometric approach (REPRISAL) based on the parametric/artificial intelligence segmentation of confocal microscopy images obtained by lignin chemical reporter bio-orthogonal chemistry. This methodology allowed us to precisely map the lignification capacity of different cell wall layers (cell corner, compound middle lamella and secondary cell wall) in Arabidopsis WT plants and the prx64 mutant. In a second development, we modified the REPRISAL segmentation algorithim thereby enabling it to be used to map relative cell wall lignin levels determined by the ratiometric safranin-O fluorescence technique. Finally, we used Raman imaging to compare the ability of three different multivariate analytical methods (unmixing, cluster analysis and orthogonal matching) to provide detailed spatial information about the distribution of different polymers in plant cell walls. In the second phase we used the developed/improved imaging techniques to analyse whether changes to cell wall hemicelluloses affect lignification in the Arabidopsis irx9 mutant. Our results demonstrated that changes in the distribution of cell wall hemicelluloses do indeed modify the lignification process, particularly in the younger parts of the plant floral stem. Targeted transcriptomics of selected cell wall genes suggested that the observed changes could be related to the induction of a defence response. Overall, the techniques developed within the framework of this thesis should prove valuable for future studies of cell wall dynamics. The results obtained on the irx9 mutant provide a novel insight into the dynamic relationships that exist between different polymers of the plant cell wall
Audier, Xavier. "Spectroscopie Raman stimulée rapide et imagerie spectrale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0580/document.
Full textCombining microscopy and spectroscopy, one can achieve spectrally resolved imaging, and provide a solution to various chemical, biological, or medical challenges. Coherent Raman scattering (CRS) has proven extremely valuable in providing chemical information, with a higher resolution and shorter acquisition time than spontaneous Raman scattering. The acquisition rate of the spectral information from a sample remains the limiting factor of CRS imaging, and several experimental schemes are being investigated to push the technology toward higher imaging frame rates. This work develops one such scheme. Combining stimulated Raman scattering (a CRS technique), spectral focusing with chirped pulses, and a fast acousto-optic delay line, we achieved unprecedented spectral acquisition rates. The theoretical, technological, and engineering frameworks enabling such acquisition are described in details. The application to pharmaceutical quality control, time resolved chemical transformations, biology, and histology are demonstrated
Yousef, Ibraheem. "Simulation et conception d'une ligne de lumière infrarouge pour SESAME : application en microspectroscopie et imagerie." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066611.
Full textSauvage, Jack. "Imagerie ultrasonore ultrarapide 4D par adressage orthogonal du réseau de sonde matricielle : adressage Ligne-Colonne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS535.
Full textWith the advent of 4D ultrafast imaging at the Physics for Medicine Inserm 1273 laboratory, the ability to acquire in all three dimensions and with a high spatio-temporal resolution has been demonstrated. Several of the most effective 2D ultrafast imaging modalities have been extended to volume imaging (3D ultrasensitive power Doppler, 3D elastography ...). Their dissemination in clinic would greatly benefit to physicians. However the necessary means to implement ultrafast 4D are still too heavy and costly to hope for a transposition in the short or mid-term to the radiology departments. Developing smart strategies to reduce channel number has become a central issue. An original strategy based on the probe architecture consists of orthogonal row and column addressing of the Matrix Probe array, the Row and Column Adressing RCA. It offers a transducer solution perfectly adapted with ultra-fast plane waves imaging. With this approach, the probe can be driven by a single standard ultrasound unit, while maintaining a large aperture. The 2D matrix grid is organized according to N + N orthogonal channels, thus representing a reduction factor of N / 2. This strategy presents an important paradigm shift of imaging by dissociation of the focus pathways in transmission and reception and offers a new compromise in terms of spatio-temporal resolution. During this thesis work, the performances of the RCA associated with the ultra fast 4D imaging are studied for various cases. The principle of 4D ultrafast RCA imaging with orthogonal summation OPW are studied. 3D vector imagery for RCA is developed. A new high frequency RCA probe prototype (15MHz) is presented and tested on a 3D functional brain imaging protocol. Finally, a new modality of 3D imaging of the flux intensity is presented offering a new way of exploitation for the RCA probe
Levrier, Olivier. "Aspects en imagerie par resonance magnetique des tumeurs supratentorielles de la ligne mediane chez l'adulte." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX20834.
Full textDavis, Arthur. "Tomographie par cohérence optique confocale en ligne multimodale pour le diagnostic non invasif des cancers cutanés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLO004/document.
Full textSkin cancer is a major public health issue. Among all types of cancer, skin cancer has the highest prevalence rate and the number of cases seems to be steadily increasing. Currently, the gold standard of skin cancer diagnosis requires a sample of suspicious tissue, called a biopsy, removed after a simple visual inspection of the patient's skin. Consequently, almost 60 % of biopsies result in benign diagnoses, and approximately 20 % of all skin cancers are missed.The research presented in this thesis revolves around the development of a line-field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC-OCT) device capable of producing non-invasive in vivo images similar in quality to histological cuts. The designed prototype operates at a center wavelength around 800 nm with a spectral width of approximately 150 nm. It has been applied to in vivo skin imaging with an almost isotropic spatial resolution of about 1 µm and a depth penetration reaching 400 µm. This device could thus be used to improve the efficiency of skin cancer diagnosis by limiting the number of undiagnosed cases and the number of unnecessary biopsies.We then present a LC-OCT device system operating in two spectral bands centered around 770 nm and 1250 nm. The first band produces high resolution images (1.3 µm x 1.2 µm, lateral x axial) while the second provides enhanced penetration depth (700 µm). By merging the images acquired in the two bands it has been possible to produce images with both high resolution and high penetration. Moreover, acquiring images of a sample in two different spectral bands can give, to a certain extent, information on the spectral properties of the sample.Lastly, we present a proof-of-concept LC-OCT prototype coupled together with a Raman microscope, as well as some application examples. Raman microscopy is a spectroscopic method capable of identifying molecules present in a sample and thus measuring the "fingerprint" of a sample. This modality could then provide complementary information to the morphological images provided by LC-OCT about the biomolecular composition of the sample
Salazar, Cardozo Ruben Emilio. "Multiplexeur planaire : pour la mesure du champ diffracté en imagerie micro-onde." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0011.
Full textAlmar, Rafael. "Morphodynamique littorale haute fréquence par imagerie vidéo." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13840/document.
Full textThis thesis presents a study on short term (day to month) beach dynamic. Until the emergence of video systems, and despite its major role, this dynamic remained mainly unknown due to the lack of a suited observation technology. The new possibilities allowed by video imagery, comprising high-frequency observation, are revolutionary. In this thesis, a tool is introduced that, from the measure of nearshore hydrodynamics, estimates accurately nearshore topography for a large area (km) and at high frequency (day). This thesis shows that nearshore sand features interact and cannot be studied in isolation. We show that sand features dynamic can be dominantly non-uniform in the longshore direction, even for large waves. This dynamic is crucial because it contributes to cross-shore sand exchanges. For a double-barred beach, more than wave height, tidal range variations drive inner bar dynamic during stormy conditions. Our results suggest that a large part of the beach temporal variability is short term
Zontone, Federico. "Imagerie par diffraction ("topographie") à l'installation européenne de rayonnement synchrotron ("ESRF") : ligne de lumière, possibilités et premières expériences." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10037.
Full textDib, Mohammad. "Réseau d'antennes dérivées de la ligne à fente pour la mesure du champ diffracté en imagerie biologique micro-onde." Grenoble INPG, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987INPG0097.
Full textDib, Mohammad. "Réseau d'antennes dérivées de la ligne à fente pour la mesure du champ diffracté en imagerie biologique micro-onde." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604614p.
Full textCharfi, Ahmed Anis. "L’expérience d’immersion en ligne dans les environnements marchands de réalité virtuelle." Paris 9, 2012. http://basepub.dauphine.fr/xmlui/handle/123456789/9785.
Full textOlive, Raphaël. "Perception des écoulements et des vibrations chez la larve de poisson-zèbre : étude comportementale et imagerie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066468/document.
Full textThe Zebrafish larva is a model for the study of vertebrate central nervous system. Mutants have been developped which express calcium reporter (GCaMP) in their neurons. These mutants are used in functional imaging experiments in which the activity of almost all the neurons is simultaneously recorded. The first chapter of this thesis is devoted to the conception of a behavioral experiment designed to record and analyse the swim movements of zebrafish larvae submitted to a succion flow. The contributions of lateral line (specific fish organ responsible for the perception of hydrodynamic stimulations) and visual system have been separated in order to describe the interactions between those two modalities and their respective effects on larvae reactions to aspiration, analysed through their swim patterns. This experiment was thought to prepare a study of neuronal responses to aspiration, thanks to the laser sheet microscopy setup developped in the laboratory since four years. The aim was to use calcium imaging to work on cross-modal experiment, by the dynamic observation of neural networks dedicated to the two sensory modalities when stimulated simultaneously or separatly. Facing difficulties to record lateral line response using calcium imaging, which are not been recorded yet, functional imaging experiments have adressed zebrafish larvae auditory system instead of hydrodynamic perception. The second part of this thesis describes protocols, analysis and results from these experiments. The results are still at an exploratoty stage but draw a scheme of neural networks involved in vibrations perception in zebrafish larvae : they present recordings of a huge part of central nervous system and the activity evoked by auditory stimulations
Benoit, David. "Mise au point et évaluation d'un système fibré de dosimétrie en ligne utilisant des matériaux phosphorescents stimulables optiquement : application à la mesure de dose en radiothérapie et au monitoring de faisceaux." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/392/.
Full textWherever radiations are used, for medicine, industrial applications or research, the amount of energy deposited per unit mass (absorbed dose) has to be quantified. The usual methods used to quantify the dose, that is dosimetry are reviewed. The overall context in both radiation therapy and high energy physics led to the elaboration of a book of specifications for the development of a novel type of on-line dosimetry. It is based on the quantification of the luminescence emitted by an optically stimulated phosphorescent material deported by an optical fiber. Principles and applications relatives to these techniques are presented in chapters 2 and 3. Chapter 4 describes a novel, easy of use, robust and flexible dosimetry system. The first experimental results exhibit an excellent linearity of the response with dose (0. 01 to 6 Gy), measurement repeatability less than 2%, a high sensitivity to radiation and an error on dose measurement less than 5%. Preliminary system qualification for dose measurement during both radiation therapy treatments and beam monitoring in high energy physics facilities (CERN and DESY) gave encouraging results since the system meets some of the requirements specific to each kind of application. Thus, the characterization of structural and luminescence properties of the phosphorescent material doped with boron, with aim of application for the on-line dosimetry in mixed radiation field neutron / gamma may explain the drop of luminescence previously observed
Drouet, Florence. "Mesures 3D et d'épaisseur par imagerie sur des objets en verre creux." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS062.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis focuses on the study and development of a method for measuringthe thickness and reconstructing the 3D shape of glass containers, within the frame of an industrialon-line quality monitoring. Measuring thickness techniques of transparent objects are currently limited by their lack of toleranceregarding the surface orientation at a given reflection point. A rotation of the article in front ofthe sensor is thus required, which adds complexity to the mechanical handling of the item beingmeasured. Moreover, conventional scanning techniques do not work well on specular surfaces.We developed two methods based on the observation of the reflections by both surfaces of the wallof a given item of a diffuse, point light source. Imaging these reflections with a plain camera leavesan ambiguity between the orientation and position of each surface. Our first approach uses light polarization to remove this ambiguity. Experimental results, obtainedwith one or several point sources have demonstrated the feasibility of the measure. The second approach uses a second camera, associated with a specific optical design, whichenables a mere triangulation of the incident points on the two surfaces. Moreover, the light sourcecan be vertically extended to increase the size of the inspected area. The results obtained with thissecond technique show that industrial implementation is feasible
Le, Foulher Fabrice. "Simulations Monte Carlo et mesures de l'émission de gamma prompts appliquées au contrôle en ligne en hadronthérapie." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00573263.
Full textMarque, Bertrand. "Etude par résonance magnétique du rachis cervical des joueurs et anciens joueurs de rugby de première ligne." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23020.
Full textBérujon, Sébastien. "Métrologie en ligne de faisceaux et d'optiques X de synchrotrons." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859120.
Full textLe, Foulher Fabrice. "Simulations Monte Carlo et mesures de l’émission de gamma prompts appliquées au contrôle en ligne en hadronthérapie." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10180/document.
Full textDuring the treatment of a tumor with light ions, the Bragg peak location must be accurately known. A significant fraction of the incident ions undergo nuclear collisions with the target nuclei leading to the prompt emission of particles which may carry information on the ion path. This work, which focuses on prompt gamma, shows that the depth profile of these emissions is highly correlated to the ions path and the measured counting rates allow to consider a realistic imaging system, operating in real time. For that purpose, we performed experiments at GANIL and at GSI with a collimated detector placed perpendicular to the beam axis and the time of flight technique was used in order to reduce the noise induced by neutrons and charged particles. Geant4 simulations were performed for the experimental design and data interpretation. A qualitative agreement between simulations and experiment is observed for the amount of energy deposited in the detector and the shape of the time of flight spectrum. However, discrepancies appear for the prompt gamma yield and the depth distribution of gamma detected. These discrepancies are discussed, mainly in terms of nuclear physics models that must be improved. After selecting the physical models which lead to the best agreement between simulations and measurements, studies on the location of prompt gamma emission and on the influence of diffusion in the target were performed to determine the impact on the correlation with the ion path
Reithinger, Valérian. "Assurance qualité des traitements par hadronthérapie carbone par imagerie de particules promptes chargées." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10171/document.
Full textHadrontherapy is an innovative radiotherapy modality in which light ions -such as protons or carbon ionsare accelerated to a relativistic speed and focused to irradiate a tumoral area. This technique differs from the conventional radiotherapy -which uses photons- by the existence of an energy deposition peak, called Bragg peak, which stands at the end of the ions path. However, different phenomena that lead to uncertainty in the real ion range exist, and limit the intrinsic accuracy of this modality. This justifies the need for a treatments quality assurance and motivates the development of in-line and real-time monitoring techniques to follow the real ions range. This PhD thesis work aims the characterization of an ion range monitoring technic, called interaction vertex imaging. It has been observed that during the ion path in the patient, a significant part of incoming ions undergoes nuclear reactions, causing a prompt secondary charged particles radiation. A telescope made up of pixelated sensors is proposed to locate these particles interaction vertex and to measure their correlation with the ions range, correlation predicted by a previous in-silico work. The first experimental results for this technique has been obtained with the realization of several experiments during which homogeneous and heterogeneous targets were irradiated under realistic conditions. Simulations were also performed to compare with experimental results. Before discussing the overall results, this manuscript details the hardware and software aspects of important developments that was made and that resulted in a complete and working prototype imager, with Monte Carlo simulations based on the Geant4 software
Davidoiu, Valentina. "Approches non linéaire en imagerie de phase par rayons X dans le domaine de Fresnel." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952854.
Full textJolivet, Frederic. "Approches "problèmes inverses" régularisées pour l'imagerie sans lentille et la microscopie holographique en ligne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSES012/document.
Full textIn Digital Imaging, the regularized inverse problems methods reconstruct particular information from measurements and an image formation model. With an inverse problem that is ill-posed and illconditioned, and with the used image formation mode! having few constraints, it is necessary to introduce a priori conditions in order to restrict ambiguity for the inversion. This allows us to guide the reconstruction towards a satisfying solution. The works of the following thesis delve into the development of reconstruction algorithms of digital holograms based on large-scale optimization methods (smooth and non-smooth). This general framework allowed us to propose different approaches adapted to the challenges found with this unconventional imaging technique: the super-resolution, reconstruction outside the sensor's field, the color holography and finally, the quantitative reconstruction of phase abjects (i.e. transparent). For this last case, the reconstruction problem consists of estimating the complex 2D transmittance of abjects having absorbed and/or dephased the light wave during the recording of the hologram. The proposed methods are validated with the help of numerical simulations that are then applied on experimental data taken from the lensless imaging or from the in-line holographie microscopy (coherent imaging in transmission, with a microscope abject glass). The applications range from the reconstruction of opaque resolution sights, to the reconstruction of biological objects (bacteria), passing through the reconstruction of evaporating ether droplets from a perspective of turbulence study in fluid mechanics
Cousty, Jean. "Lignes de partage des eaux discrètes : théorie et application à la segmentation d'images cardiaques." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321885.
Full textLa ligne de partage des eaux topologique (LPE) étend la notion de clivage aux graphes dont les sommets sont valués et permet de segmenter une image. Nous étendons les propriétés des clivages dans les graphes de fusion aux cas des fonctions et proposons un algorithme de LPE
monotone et linéaire dans les grilles de fusion parfaites. Grâce à la notion de graphe d'arêtes, les propriétés des LPE dans les grilles de fusion parfaites s'étendent aux graphes à arêtes valuées.
Nous étudions en profondeur les LPE dans les graphes à arêtes valuées. Les LPE peuvent y être définies en suivant l'idée intuitive de gouttes d'eau s'écoulant sur un relief topographique. Nous établissons aussi bien la consistance que l'optimalité de cette définition. De plus, nous proposons deux algorithmes linéaires qui, à notre connaissance, sont les plus efficaces pour le calcul des LPE.
En nous reposant sur ces résultats théoriques, nous proposons une méthode et développons un logiciel pour la segmentation du ventricule gauche dans des images cardiaques 3D+t par résonance magnétique. La méthode est quantitativement et qualitativement validée par comparaison avec des segmentations manuelles tracées par deux experts cardiologues.
Hay, Julien. "Caractérisation de la spécialisation hémisphérique de l'attention spatiale et ses facteurs de variabilité au cours d'une tâche de jugement de bissection de ligne chez le sujet sain : évaluations comportementale et fonctionnelle (IRMf)." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN3143.
Full textUsing a line bisection judgment task, we studied the hemispheric specialization (HS) for spatial attention and its factors of variability. In first part of this work, we computed indices of attentional bias, which are relevant markers of the HS for spatial attention. These indices revealed the existence of pseudoneglect, a phenomenon considered as the behavioural manifestation of HS. Given that attentional biases exhibited variability in both direction and magnitude, we investigated factors that might be associated to this variability. Based on a population of 303 healthy volunteers (including 153 left-handers), we showed that pseudoneglect was associated with manual preference strength, gender, asymmetry of manual skill and volume of the posterior part of the corpus callosum. In the second part of this work, we studied using fMRI the neural bases of this HS and showed that line bisection judgment involved a rightward asymmetric occipito-parieto-frontal network. By using hemispheric functional lateralization indices (HFLI) that offer a global measure of HS for spatial attention, we showed that an increase of pseudoneglect was associated with a stronger hemispheric rightward functional lateralization for spatial attention. Moreover, we also showed that asymmetry of manual that asymmetry of manual skill that interacted with pseudoneglect was also associated with HS for spatial attention
Lao, Aurély. "Analyse du rôle de l’imagerie mentale et de ses antécédents dans le processus d’achat en ligne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL12017/document.
Full textMany studies in cognitive psychology, and more recently in marketing support the role of mental imagery. There are two research streams, the first relates to the effects of mental imagery on memorization of the subject, the second less developed, links to the effects of mental imagery on the attitudinal and behavioral responses. Analysis of the contributions and existing theories identified the presentation of a product on a website by iconic and verbal stimuli, and the type of product as imagery antecedents and as potential determinants of behavioral responses of consumers. A qualitative exploratory research is then done in order to confirm or complete the research model proposed on this basis. This work revealed several characteristics relating to the presentation of the product, and emotional and cognitive responses to imagery (respectively the anticipated emotions and the perceived value of product) and their influences on consumer behavior. Several hypothesis and a final model are then developed and empirically tested with a prospective target business partner. The results revealed that mental imagery and its emotional and cognitive responses, and the presentation of the product (iconic and verbal stimuli) and the product type (private or public consumption) influence the impulse purchase and purchase intent of consumers. Behavioral responses vary from picture-words combinations used. Academic and managerial implications are developed and several research directions are suggested
Ferté, Morgan. "Étude et analyse de couches minces par techniques multi-spectroscopiques pour une application sur une ligne de galvanisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0206/document.
Full textWith the emergence of new steel loaded in reactive elements, the characterization of the physico-chemical properties of the surface states has taken a new dimension. Indeed, the thin films of oxide formed are damaging for the surface quality of the steel and may adversely affect the application of varied coatings. Also, to ensure a good quality on finished products, the need to characterize, online, the steel surface over its entire width is increasingly necessary. The hyperspectral imaging is an emerging technology that allows both spatial and spectral characterization of a surface. It had never been used to characterize thin layers in the steel industry. During my PhD, both methodologies have been developed to meet this need: one via a measurement in specular reflection and the other via a measurement in emission. In addition to a synthesis of reference samples, a full experimental development ranging from a simulation bench to the data processing was performed. This work has demonstrated the capability of the hyperspectral imaging to detect thin surface oxide layers on a steel surface, sometimes at several hundred degrees Celsius. These encouraging results led to the first industrial implementation of this technology. This thesis made it possible to study theoretically and experimentally the phenomena involved and to move from the concept that meets an industrial need to the implementation of an online sensor dedicated to the characterization of a thin oxide layer on a moving surface in industrial conditions
Uhercik, Marian. "Surgical tools localization in 3D ultrasound images." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00735702.
Full textRemaud, Sylvie. "Liens entre la voie de signalisation Notch et le cycle cellulaire chez la drosophile." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066361.
Full textHossein, Nezhadian Sajad. "Réseau flexible de résonateurs à ligne de transmissions pour l'émission et la réception en IRM cardiaque à 7T." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS492/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis was conducted in the frame of a bilateral project between the laboratoire d’Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique Médicale et Multi-Modalités (IR4M) at Université Paris-Sud (Orsay, France) and the Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (CMPBME) at the Medical University of Vienna (Vienna, Austria). The main objective of this work was to develop a flexible transceiver RF coil array for 7 T MRI. Coil arrays benefit from the high SNR of small surface coils over an extended field of view (FOV). Furthermore, array coils enable the use of parallel imaging (PI) techniques for accelerated image acquisition and pTx algorithms that can be used to produce a homogeneous transmit field which is of importance in MRI. This project targets the design, development, implementation and evaluation of a flexible RF coil array based on the transmission line resonator (TLR) principle. TLRs are inherently monolithic and self-resonant structures, i.e. there is no need for lumped element capacitors to tune the coil. 3D electromagnetic simulation (EMS) together with bench and MRI experiments were performed to evaluate the performance of the developed array in flat and bent configuration
Lemammer, Imane. "Calibration en ligne d'un C-arm mobile à l'aide de capteurs inertiels pour des applications en CBCT." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT039.
Full textCone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is more accurate than conventional radiography with less radiation exposure doses. Hence, it is a very useful complementary tool for diagnosis and surgery planning. Despite the increasing popularity of CBCT, it is mainly restricted to major surgery as it requires the use of expensive and bulky angiography systems which are specially designed to allow 3D tomography. One idea to generalize the use of CBCT to minor surgery - in orthopedics and traumatology for example - would be to introduce it on the most widely used tool for X-ray imaging: the mobile C-arm.Volume reconstruction algorithms require a very precise knowledge of the imaging geometry. Unfortunately, due to mechanical instabilities which lead to non-reproducible motions from run to run mobile C-arms are incompatible with existing tomography algorithms. Therefore, a precise C-arm on-line calibration is essential in order to achieve an accurate volume reconstruction. Existing calibration techniques do not meet these specifications. They are either not precise enough, invasive or involve a major change in the process of performing surgical acts. Therefore, we present a new on-line calibration method for mobile C-arms in order to achieve CBCT. It is based on tracking the detector and the X-ray source of the C-arm and aims to be precise and non-invasive.In order to address this issue, we will discuss two items: The first is the construction of a calibration algorithm: the idea is to estimate the position and the orientation of the detector and the X-ray source of the C-arm using inertial measurements, appropriate kinematic models, and a fitting estimator (Kalman filter and smoother). The second item is the propagation of pose estimation errors to 2D projections and to 3D reconstructions. Thus, we can evaluate the impact of the estimation errors on the reconstruction quality.This thesis also describes two experimental setups which allowed us to test and validate the proposed calibration algorithm. The first tracking experiments were carried out on a rotated-arm. It is a simple motorized mock-up to simulate either the detector or the X-ray source of a mobile C-arm. The rotated-arm exhibits a good position and orientation repeatability. The second platform is a full-size modified mobile C-arm. It includes motorized orbital and axial rotations, mechanical end stops and sensors of different characteristics and accuracies. This second platform allows us to estimate the geometric calibration accuracy on realistic trajectories.During a continuous rotation of the experimental C-arm, we achieve a tracking error of 2 mm for positions and of 0.1° for orientation. These values are comparable with existing invasive calibration algorithms accuracies. The image quality of reconstructed CBCT using the proposed calibration algorithm was evaluated on the 2D projections within the detector plane and also on the 3D reconstruction images of various phantoms. The achieved orientation accuracy is sufficient for CBCT. The position accuracy seems not. However, it may be useful to present the resulting 3D reconstruction images to medical evaluation by a specialist to confirm these conclusions. It also appears that the parameters of C-arm's projective geometry which have the greatest impact on the 2D projections are the in-plane translations of the X-ray source and of the detector. Therefore, they are the most critical parameters to be efficiently tracked in order to avoid artifacts in the 3D volume reconstruction. Compared to in-plane translations, the out-plane translations and the orientation of the detector have little influence on the 2D projections
Florea, Filip Ionut. "Annotation automatique d'images à partir de leur contenu visuel et des régions textuelles associées. Application dans le contexte d'un catalogue de santé en ligne." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAM0013.
Full textToday, Internet has become a major source of information in many areas, including health. Medical images are carrying crucial information for diagnostic, teaching and research, moste of the time this information being very difficult to describe using only text. In this context, we are proposing architecture for the annotation of medical images included in online health documents. Our system extracts specific medical information (modality, anatomical regions ...) from several sources and combines this information to annotate the images. This annotation is necessary to be able to search for images inside documents. We implemented two distinct approaches (each based on a different type of information) : one oriented towards the image content, and a second oriented on the image context (image-related textual regions)
PERRIN, CHRISTELE. "Methodologie pour l'analyse quantitative en imagerie microscopique conventionnelle et a fluorescence. Application a l'etude de la proliferation et de l'expression du recepteur a l'egf dans des cellules tumorales mammaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10198.
Full textLerbour, Raphaël. "Chargement progressif et rendu adaptatif de vastes terrains." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00461667.
Full textLerbour, Raphaël. "Chargement progressif et rendu adaptatif de vastes terrains." Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2009. https://theses.hal.science/docs/00/46/16/67/PDF/thesis_lerbour_final.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we propose solutions to perform adaptive streaming and rendering of arbitrary large terrains. One interesting application is to interactively visualize the Earth in 3D on a computer while loading the required data from a huge database over a network. In the first part of this thesis, we introduce a generic solution to handle sample maps of any size from a server hard disk all the way to a client rendering system. Our methods adapt to the speed of the network and of the rendering and avoid handling redundant data. In a second part, we build upon the generic solution to propose real-time 3D rendering of large textured terrains on graphics hardware. In addition, we support planetary terrains and use techniques that prevent handling redundant data and limit typical rendering inconsistencies due to map projection and rendering precision. Finally, we propose preprocessing algorithms that allow to build server databases from huge sample maps
Ion, Valentina. "Nonlinear approaches for phase retrieval in the Fresnel region for hard X-ray imaging." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015814.
Full textMathieu, Romain. "Le rôle des processus spatiaux dans les procédures arithmétiques automatisées : études comportementales et IRMf chez l’adulte et l’enfant." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1206.
Full textIt is commonly accepted that educated adults solve simple arithmetic problems (e.g., 3+2, 3X2, 32) by directly retrieving the result from memory. However, recent studies suggest that some of these problems (e.g., addition and subtraction) may instead be solved by means of automated calculation procedures relying on spatial attentional mechanisms. The goal of this thesis was to test that hypothesis. In a first behavioral study, we showed that solving simple addition and subtraction problems is accompanied by horizontal shifts of attention (rightward for addition and leftward for subtraction) in adults. This confirms the existence of automated procedures that may be spatial in nature and take the form of attentional shifts along a mental number line. In two other studies, we explored the neural bases of these automated procedures and their development by using functional magnetic resonance imaging. The results showed that the automatization of calculation procedures over development may initially depend on spatial mechanisms supported by the hippocampus in children. In educated adults, however, automated procedures are associated with cortical regions involved in the orienting of spatial attention. This thesis confirms the existence of automated spatial procedures in simple arithmetic and calls upon a reconsideration of the classical models of arithmetic learning
Ley, Jean-Luc. "Mise en oeuvre d’un démonstrateur de caméra Compton pour l’imagerie en médecine nucléaire et pour le contrôle en temps réel de l’hadronthérapie à l’aide des rayonnements gamma prompts." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10334/document.
Full textHadrontherapy is one of the modalities available for treating cancer. This modality uses light ions (protons, carbon ions) to destroy cancer cells. Such particles have a ballistic accuracy thanks to their quasi-rectilinear trajectory, their path and the finished profile maximum dose in the end. Compared to conventional radiotherapy, this allows to spare the healthy tissue located adjacent downstream and upstream of the tumor. One of this modality’s quality assurance challenges is to control the positioning of the dose deposited by ions in the patient. One possibility to perform this control is to detect the prompt gammas emitted during nuclear reactions induced along the ion path in the patient. A Compton camera prototype, theoretically allowing to maximize the detection efficiency of the prompt gammas, is being developed under a regional collaboration. This camera was the main focus of my thesis, and particularly the following points : i) studying, throughout Monte Carlo simulations, the operation of the prototype in construction, particularly with respect to the expected counting rates on the different types of accelerators in hadrontherapy ii) conducting simulation studies on the use of this camera in clinical imaging, iii) characterising the silicon detectors (scatterer) iv) confronting Geant4 simulations on the camera’s response with measurements on the beam with the help of a demonstrator. As a result, the Compton camera prototype developed makes a control of the localization of the dose deposition in proton therapy to the scale of a spot possible, provided that the intensity of the clinical proton beam is reduced by a factor 200 (intensity of 108 protons / s). An application of the Compton camera in nuclear medicine seems to be attainable with the use of radioisotopes of an energy greater than 300 keV. These initial results must be confirmed by more realistic simulations (homogeneous and heterogeneous PMMA targets). Tests with the progressive integration of all camera elements will take place during 2016
El, Gueddari Loubna. "Proximal structured sparsity regularization for online reconstruction in high-resolution accelerated Magnetic Resonance imaging." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS573.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the reference medical imaging technique for probing in vivo and non-invasively soft tissues in the human body, notably the brain. MR image resolution improvement in a standard scanning time (e.g., 400µm isotropic in 15 min) would allow medical doctors to significantly improve both their diagnosis and patients' follow-up. However the scanning time in MRI remains long, especially in the high resolution context. To reduce this time, the recent Compressed Sensing (CS) theory has revolutionized the way of acquiring data in several fields including MRI by overcoming the Shannon-Nyquist theorem. Using CS, data can then be massively under-sampled while ensuring conditions for optimal image recovery.In this context, previous Ph.D. thesis in the laboratory were dedicated to the design and implementation of physically plausible acquisition scenarios to accelerate the scan. Those projects deliver new optimization algorithm for the design of advanced non-Cartesian trajectory called SPARKLING: Spreading Projection Algorithm for Rapid K-space samplING. The generated SPARKLING trajectories led to acceleration factors up to 20 in 2D and 60 for 3D-acquisitions on highly resolved T₂* weighted images acquired at 7~Tesla.Those accelerations were only accessible thanks to the high input Signal-to-Noise Ratio delivered by the usage of multi-channel reception coils. However, those results are coming at a price of long and complex reconstruction.In this thesis, the objective is to propose an online approach for non-Cartesian multi-channel MR image reconstruction. To achieve this goal we rely on an online approach where the reconstruction starts from incomplete data.Hence acquisition and reconstruction are interleaved, and partial feedback is given during the scan. After exposing the Compressed Sensing theory, we present state-of the art method dedicated to multi-channel coil reconstruction. In particular, we will first focus on self-calibrating methods that presents the advantage to be adapted to non-Cartesian sampling and we propose a simple yet efficient method to estimate the coil sensitivity profile.However, owing to its dependence to user-defined parameters, this two-step approach (extraction of sensitivity maps and then image reconstruction) is not compatible with the timing constraints associated with online reconstruction. Then we studied the case of calibration-less reconstruction methods and splits them into two categories, the k-space based and the domain-based. While the k-space calibration-less method are sub-optimal for non-Cartesian reconstruction, due to the gridding procedure, we will retain the domain-based calibration-less reconstruction and prove theirs for online purposes. Hence in the second part, we first prove the advantage of mixed norm to improve the recovery guarantee in the pMRI setting. Then we studied the impact of structured sparse induced norm on the reconstruction multi-channel purposes, where then and adapt different penalty based on structured sparsity to handle those highly correlated images. Finally, the retained method will be applied to online purposes. The entire pipeline, is compatible with an implementation through the Gadgetron pipeline to deliver the reconstruction at the scanner console
Nus, Ludivine. "Méthodes rapides de traitement d’images hyperspectrales. Application à la caractérisation en temps réel du matériau bois." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0163/document.
Full textThis PhD dissertation addresses the problem of on-line unmixing of hyperspectral images acquired by a pushbroom imaging system, for real-time characterization of wood. The first part of this work proposes an on-line mixing model based on non-negative matrix factorization. Based on this model, three algorithms for on-line sequential unmixing, using multiplicative update rules, the Nesterov optimal gradient and the ADMM optimization (Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers), respectively, are developed. These algorithms are specially designed to perform the unmixing in real time, at the pushbroom imager acquisition rate. In order to regularize the estimation problem (generally ill-posed), two types of constraints on the endmembers are used: a minimum dispersion constraint and a minimum volume constraint. A method for the unsupervised estimation of the regularization parameter is also proposed, by reformulating the on-line hyperspectral unmixing problem as a bi-objective optimization. In the second part of this manuscript, we propose an approach for handling the variation in the number of sources, i.e. the rank of the decomposition, during the processing. Thus, the previously developed on-line algorithms are modified, by introducing a hyperspectral library learning stage as well as sparse constraints allowing to select only the active sources. Finally, the third part of this work consists in the application of these approaches to the detection and the classification of the singularities of wood
Allène, Cédric. "Paradigmes de segmentation de graphe : comparaisons et applications en traitement d'images." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00532601.
Full textChassat, Fabrice. "Étude et réalisation d'un système de localisation en six dimensions pour la chirurgie assistée par ordinateur." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005276.
Full textBousse, Alexandre. "Problèmes inverses, application à la reconstruction compensée en mouvement en angiographie rotationnelle X." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00361396.
Full textUne fois le mouvement estimé, la reconstruction tomographique à un instant de référence est effectuée par une optimisation aux moindres-carrés qui inclut le mouvement ainsi qu'un terme de pénalité qui favorise les valeurs d'intensités fortes pour les voxels au voisinage de la ligne centrale 3-D, et les faibles valeurs pour les autres. Cette méthode a été testée sur des données simulées basées sur des lignes centrales 3-D préalablement extraites de données MSCT.
Runge, Katharina. "Visualisation de fluxoides dans des réseaux 2D artificiels supraconducteurs." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356016.
Full textKriegl, Roberta. "A flexible coil array for high resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112425/document.
Full textMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI), among other imaging techniques, has become a major backbone of modern medical diagnostics. MRI enables the non-invasive combined, identification of anatomical structures, functional and chemical properties, especially in soft tissues. Nonetheless, applications requiring very high spatial and/or temporal resolution are often limited by the available signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in MR experiments. Since first clinical applications, image quality in MRI has been constantly improved by applying one or several of the following strategies: increasing the static magnetic field strength, improvement of the radiofrequency (RF) detection system, development of specialized acquisition sequences and optimization of image reconstruction techniques. This work is concerned with the development of highly sensitive RF detection systems for biomedical ultra-high field MRI. In particular, auto-resonant RF coils based on transmission line technology are investigated. These resonators may be fabricated on flexible substrate which enables form-fitting of the RF detector to the target anatomy, leading to a significant SNR gain. The main objective of this work is the development of a flexible RF coil array for high-resolution MRI on a human whole-body 7 T MR scanner. With coil arrays, the intrinsically high SNR of small surface coils may be exploited for an extended field of view. Further, parallel imaging techniques are accessible with RF array technology, allowing acceleration of the image acquisition. Secondly, in this PhD project a novel design for transmission line resonators is developed, that brings an additional degree of freedom in geometric design and enables the fabrication of large multi-turn resonators for high field MR applications. This thesis describes the development, successful implementation and evaluation of novel, mechanically flexible RF devices by analytical and 3D electromagnetic simulations, in bench measurements and in MRI experiments
Song, Yingying. "Amélioration de la résolution spatiale d’une image hyperspectrale par déconvolution et séparation-déconvolution conjointes." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0207/document.
Full textA hyperspectral image is a 3D data cube in which every pixel provides local spectral information about a scene of interest across a large number of contiguous bands. The observed images may suffer from degradation due to the measuring device, resulting in a convolution or blurring of the images. Hyperspectral image deconvolution (HID) consists in removing the blurring to improve the spatial resolution of images at best. A Tikhonov-like HID criterion with non-negativity constraint is considered here. This method considers separable spatial and spectral regularization terms whose strength are controlled by two regularization parameters. First part of this thesis proposes the maximum curvature criterion MCC and the minimum distance criterion MDC to automatically estimate these regularization parameters by formulating the deconvolution problem as a multi-objective optimization problem. The second part of this thesis proposes the sliding block regularized (SBR-LMS) algorithm for the online deconvolution of hypserspectral images as provided by whiskbroom and pushbroom scanning systems. The proposed algorithm accounts for the convolution kernel non-causality and including non-quadratic regularization terms while maintaining a linear complexity compatible with real-time processing in industrial applications. The third part of this thesis proposes joint unmixing-deconvolution methods based on the Tikhonov criterion in both offline and online contexts. The non-negativity constraint is added to improve their performances
Desaulniers, Éric. "Imagerie sismique de la ligne 2002-MRN-10b : recherche d'une approche géophysique au service de l'interprétation /." 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257789881&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=9268&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full textMthembu, Ingrid Bongiwe. "Estimating foliar and wood lignin concentrations, and leaf area index (LAI) of Eucalyptus clones in Zululand usig hyperspectral imagery." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3470.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2006.