Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lignée humaine'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Lignée humaine.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Korpal, Yannick. "L'os sphénoïde dans la lignée humaine." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0065.
Full textThe sphenoid is the central bone of the human skull. Forming the skull base bone complex with the ethmoid and the basi-occipital part, this sphenoid bone is associated with the skull vault bones, the face complex and indirectly with the vertebral column. Our method is based on the use of radiographs for 107 Homo sapiens, 27 Pan and Gorilla, in addition with 23 fossil hominids, Paranthropus, Australopithecus, Homo erectus and Homo neanderthalensis. Classical measures as length and angulations are completed by a new model for the inner profile of the endocranium, witch is called the “ellipses method”. It’s using coronal, transverse and sagittal radiographs of the skull. The statistical analyse that follows gives us a new point of view upon the classical skull base flexion. This flexion is a characteristic of the human lineage. In Homo sapiens the skull base is completely bent in the occipital bascule movement. Compared with the African Apes, and using the Principal Component Analyses, this flexion could be split into five major processes. The main is the spheno-occipital flexion. This is linked with a pharyngeal flexion, accompanied by an enlargement of the sphenoidal facial area and a dorsal expansion. The vault is seen in hydrostatic balance with the Sphenoid by the way of the “ellipses method”. Then we can see that the vertical gain is given by the Sphenoid bone to the entire skull base, thus to the postural disposition of the axial skeleton. Four modes can be separated for distinction in the rotation mode. It could be useful to discover a fossil ape to complete this approach
Poulain, Marine. "Développement de la lignée germinale femelle humaine." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA11T056/document.
Full textWoman fertility is partially dictated by the set up of the human female germ line. During the last ten years, which saw an increased number of couples consulting for assisted reproductive cares, the hypothesis of an early alteration in reproduction functions has emerged.In the fetal ovary, germ cells enter the path of oogenesis differentiation characterized by meiotic initiation. On this subject, vast majority of the scientific data are obtained from the mouse model, even if differences with human ovarian physiology are widely acknowledged. Therefore it is necessary to extend our knowledge on human ovarian development and identify its perturbations. The objective of my work was to assess a new model to study ovarian growth, studying regulation of meiotic entry and perturbation of germ line differentiation.We sat up a new xenograft model of early human fetal ovaries, when very early meiotic germ cells appear. Organ growth and germ cells differentiation were comparable with in vivo observations. Using this model with an RNA-interference strategy, we inhibited the expression of an oogonia germ cell gene, DMRTA2. This inhibition conducted to a significantly reduced number of germ cells gene that initiated meiosis and DMRTA2 seemed to be required for mitotic-meiotic transition. In another hand, we identified, in the ovary, the expression of germ cells markers described as specifically male in rodent (PLZF, DNMT3L, FGF9, NANOS2 ou CYP26B1). The expression of these markers in the human ovary could explain the observation of mitotic germ cells in late fetal ovaries (30 wpf).In parallel, we tested germ cells sensibility to a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone, administrated during pregnancy in some justified pathologies. We observed an increased expression of PLZF that could explain the decreased number of germ cells observed in treated ovaries.In conclusion, we identified a new gene expressed in human fetal ovaries, potentially involved in the meiotic entry, and we extended our knowledge to characterized human germ line development. However, many points have to be clarified, as the possible competence of late mitotic germ cells to form oocytes
Vanderhaeghen, Pierre. "Caractérisation de gênes de récepteurs olfactifs exprimés dans la lignée mâle des mammifères." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212307.
Full textAugoyard, Mathilde. "Covariation des tissus osseux et dentaires chez les humains modernes et tendances évolutives dans la lignée humaine." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0480.
Full textCortical bone and dentine are two biological tissues sharing a common genetic origin, overall structure, composition, and embryological development, distinct from those of enamel. Various observations suggest the possibility of coordinated postnatal development of these two tissues in hominins. For example, Neandertals display higher cortical bone volumes in their infra-cranial skeleton and greater dentine robustness compared to modern humans, while absolute enamel volumes are similar between the two taxa. Studies of immature Neandertal specimens indicate that their cortical bone and dentine robustness may be present from early developmental stages. In this doctoral research, we aimed to understand whether the structural and developmental affinities between cortical bone and dentine could lead to coordinated postnatal development of these tissues in modern humans. To this end, we measured the coordinated variation of cortical bone and dentine volumes in a sample of modern humans, comprising 12 immature individuals and 70 adults. Using microtomographic acquisitions of the arm, forearm bones, and anterior dentition, we conducted a methodological approach combining the quantification of cortical bone and dentine volumes with the analysis of their topographic distribution. Our results highlight a developmental desynchronization between cortical bone and dentine during the growth of immature individuals, leading to weak covariation between their cortical bone and dentine volumes. The bone-dentine covariation signal is stronger in adults, suggesting that common factors may influence postnatal development of these tissues once skeletal and dental maturation is achieved. This research highlights the predominant role of the hormonal milieu in the postnatal development of these tissues, while the biomechanical history of the skeleton appears to have a more limited impact. A preliminary analysis of bone-dentine covariation was conducted on chimeric individuals of Paranthropus, Australopithecus, and Neandertals. Most of these individuals deviate from the modern human bone-dentine relationship, characterized by higher dentine volumes in fossil taxa and cortical bone volumes similar to those of modern humans. A slowdown in growth and development has been described in Homo sapiens compared to fossil hominins, which may explain the unique bone-dentine relationship seen in this taxon. This doctoral thesis provides an original contribution to the study of bone and dental tissue volumes and distribution in various fossil and extant hominin taxa, offering insights into the impact of genetic, environmental, and evolutionary factors acting on their development
Bonafoux, Béatrice. "Le transcriptome du réticulocyte : marqueurs moléculaires de la lignée érythroïde, intérêt en biologie humaine." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T028.
Full textPeltier, Lucas. "Impact d’une exposition au fer sur l’axe S1P/S1PR dans la lignée ostéoblastique humaine MG-63." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B059/document.
Full textOsteoporosis may complicate genetic or secondary iron overload as reported in clinical and animal studies. However, the mechanisms leading to disrupted bone homeostasis are still to be fully elucidated. In vitro, iron exposure of both osteoblast and osteoclast cell models induces phenotypic and functional impairment, but the molecular mechanisms of iron excess on bone cell physiology are not well characterized, particularly in osteoblast. Our objective was to study the impact of iron overload on osteoblast biology and characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. Transcriptomic analysis previously performed by our group on MG-63 osteoblast-like cell-line to identify iron-modulated genes revealed that expression of SPNS2 gene, which encodes a transporter for the signaling lipid sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), is potentially induced by iron. The purpose of this work was to characterize the SPNS2 iron-related regulation and analyze its potential impact on S1P efflux and the S1P/S1PR signaling pathway in MG-63 cells. Our findings showed that iron exposure induces a dose-dependent increase of SPNS2 mRNA levels in MG-63 osteoblast-like cells that was not observed in hepatocyte and enterocyte cell models. We then performed a fluxomic assay on MG-63 cells to investigate iron potential impact on S1P efflux. Unexpectedly, our data showed that extracellular S1P levels were decreased in presence of iron excess and its associated SPNS2 upregulation. Furthermore, based on the observed iron associated S1PR1 and COL1A1 decrease, the defect in S1P export system seems to have functional consequence on MG-63 cells. These results suggest that iron may affect osteoblast S1P/SPR signaling and potentially alter a wide range of bone processes, thus participating in bone impairment in situations of chronic iron overload. These data open a new door for the understanding of mechanisms involved in iron-induced osteoporosis
Velez, Laurent. "Culture de Toxoplasma Gondii sur la lignée cellulaire monocytaire humaine THP1 : application à l'évaluation d'agents anti parasitaires." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR23010.
Full textValentin-Séverin, Isabelle. "Evaluation de la toxicité et de la génotoxicité à l'aide d'une lignée cellulaire hépatique d'origine humaine "HepG2"." Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOS017.
Full textLe, Fevre Anne-Céline. "Caractérisation des signatures moléculaires d'une lignée cellulaire humaine exposée à différents anticancéreux par l'étude des profils d'expression génique." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA11T055.
Full textGuise-Honoré, Stéphanie. "Implication de la protéine Tau dans l'apoptose induite par les agents anticancéreux sur une lignée humaine de neuroblastome." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_2000_1540.pdf.
Full textVergne, Sebastien. "Les isoflavones de soja : leur biodisponibilité chez l'Homme et leurs effets sur la différenciation d'une lignée ostéoblastique humaine." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13374.
Full textFélin, Murielle. "Interactions glycoproteine-lectine dans le noyau des cellules de la lignee myeloblastique leucemique humaine hl60." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S012.
Full textSureau, Camille. "Production du virus de l'hépatite B par une lignée d'hépatoblastique humaine différenciée après transfection par le génome viral récircularise." Tours, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOUR3801.
Full textCarles, Gérard. "Influence de l'état de différenciation cellulaire sur la réponse aux agents anti-microtubules dans une lignée humaine d'adénocarcinome colique." Université d'Aix-Marseille II. Faculté de pharmacie (1970-2011), 1998. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/PHA_1998_1509.pdf.
Full textYoussefian, Tayebeh. "Trafic intracellulaire dans la lignée mégacaryocyto-plaquettaire : biogenèse des granules denses et interaction avec le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T041.
Full textHeu, Céline. "Vieillissement des barrières biologiques. : caractérisation morphologique et fonctionnelle d'un modèle de stress environnemntal induit chez la lignée kératinocytaire humaine HaCat." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA0005.
Full textNumerous studies relate ageing to oxidative stress. Few of them described thé évolution of markers of antioxidant défenses, in particular at thé cutaneous level, during extrinsic or environmental ageing. We tried to mimic in vitro cutaneous extrinsic ageing, with a model of epidermic cells in culture, thé human kératinocytes cell line HaCaT, subjected to a chemical stress, Glyphosate, an active ingrédient présent in thé composition of numerous pesticide formulations. Indeed, we examined thé effects of induced ageing in thé loss of kératinocytes integrity in culture, by an original and innovative multi-scale approach: Firstly, at thé molecular scale, we assessed thé stress induced modifications of intracytosolic protein expression by a differential quantitative proteomic study; then, at thé .cellular scale, with flow cytometry, by thé functional characterization of thé oxidative stress and resulting cell death; fmally, at thé micro- and nanoscale, with confocal and atomic force microscopy by thé following thé évolution of morphological and viscoelastic properties of stressed kératinocytes. This PhD work demonstrated that glyphosate impaired thé state and thé barrier function of thé human skin, in particular by fundamentally impairing kératinocytes through thé molecular equipment, thé vital adhésion fonctions and membrane dynamics. Ail thèse results give us a global image of events, signais and cell behavior occurring in skin aging
Armand, Malaplate Catherine. "Voie de toxicité des substances pro-inflammatoires et des substances addictives dans une lignée astrocytaire humaine : conséquences physiopathologiques en neurotoxicologie." Nancy, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN12501.
Full textParent, Romain. "Lignée humaine originale de cellules progénitrices du foie : origine, caractérisation phénotypique et fonctionnelle en relation avec la pathogénèse virale C." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10125.
Full textRybner, Catherine. "Régulation de l'expression et caractérisation d'un nouveau partenaire de la protéine prion cellulaire dans la lignée leucémique promyélocytaire humaine NB4." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S001.
Full textPrion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the accumulation of scrapie prion protein PrPsc aggregates in the central nervous system. According to the theory developed by S. B. Prusiner, the scrapie prion protein PrPsc could derive from the ubiquitously-expressed normal prion protein PrPc, through a conformational modification. In addition, the conversion of PrPc into PrPsc could be under the control of PrPsc itself. Down-regulating or blocking PrPc synthesis, and/or stopping its conversion into PrPsc, is therefore of crucial importance to treat prion diseases. .
Guillemain, Isabelle. "Etude du rôle de la protéine Bcl-x dans le développement neuronal. Utilisation d'un modèle cellulaire, la lignée humaine Ntera2." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20067.
Full textSchnekenburger, Michael. "Régulation de l'expression de la glutathion S-transférase P1-1 au cours de la différencification de la lignée leucémique humaine K562." Reims, 2004. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000075.pdf.
Full text@Glutathione S-transferase (GST) P1-1 is an enzyme implicated in carcinogenesis and closely associated with the development of resistance to anti-cancer drugs. Our working hypothesis is based on the fact that the cellular differentiation can be used as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of leukaemias. We wanted to know if the GSTP1-1 expression is modulated during erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. Results show that its expression is increased during aclarubicine (acla), doxorubicin (dox) and hemin-induced erythroid differentiation of the human K562 cells (a pluripotent chronic myelogenous leukaemia). In contrast, GSTP1-1 expression is down-regulated during phorbol ester TPA-induced megakaryocytic differentiation of these cells. Moreover, time- and concentration-dependent activation of both erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation pathways by butyric acid progressively inhibited GSTP1-1 expression. An analysis of the GSTP1-1 promoter sequence enabled us to discover two GATA sequences. By electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we determine the specificity of a GATA-1 binding on the site located at -1208. GATA-1 is known to be implicated in the process of hematopoietic differentiation and we show that GATA-1 promoter binding activity is correlated with the GSTP1-1 mRNA expression depending on the differentiation pathway induced by acla, dox, TPA and butyrate. A post-transcriptional stabilization of mRNA is involved in GSTP1-1 increase during hemin-induced erythroid differentiation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the implication of GATA-1 transcription factor in differentiation-specific variations of GSTP1-1 expression
Boulenc, Xavier. "Utilisation de la lignée cellulaire humaine colique Caco-2 pour l'étude du métabolisme et de l'absorption des xénobiotiques au niveau intestinal." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20133.
Full textVenembre, Philippe. "Synthèse de l'alpha1-antitrypsine par les cellules épithéliales alvéolaires : pneumocytes de type II de rat et lignée cellulaire humaine à 549." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA114832.
Full textGiannone, Grégory. "Rôle des variations de calcium intracellulaire dans le processus de migration d'une lignée astrocytaire humaine : liens avec la dynamique des points focaux d'adhésion." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13756.
Full textCabrit, René. "Vectorisation d'anticancéreux par des nanoparticules de polyméthacrylate : étude comparative de la cytotoxicité des formes libres et liées sur une lignée cellulaire monoblastoi͏̈de humaine." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P207.
Full textVanpouille, Christophe Guy Éric. "Rôle des protéoglycannes à chaînes héparanes sulfates dans la fixation et l'activité pro-adhésive de la CyPB." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-203-204.pdf.
Full textLéger, David. "Etude des voies de signalisation cellulaire au cours de l’apoptose et de la différenciation mégacaryocytaire induites par la diosgénine dans la lignée érythroleucémique humaine HEL : rôle anti-apoptotique du léflunomide et voies de transduction du signal activées dans des lignées leucémiques humaines." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/c0820d65-0774-408a-82dd-4de91fe21d7f/blobholder:0/2006LIMO300D.pdf.
Full textTwo principal strategies of fight against cancer cell proliferation have been developed during the last few years. First is to activate the process of programmed cell death or apoptosis in cancer cells. The second is to restart the processes of cell differentiation which were arrested during the neoplastic transformation. Ln our study, we were interested in the pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiating capacities of a plant steroid, the diosgenin, on human erythroleucemic ceilline HEL. We showed that 40 µM diosgenin induced apoptosis in HEL cells. This apoptosis was characterized by a disturbance of mitochondria and activation of caspase-3 leading to the cleavage of PARP and DNA fragmentation. The apoptosis inducing quantity of diosgenin activated the JNK and p38 MAPK pathways and inhibited survival factors such as the ERK and P13K/Akt pathways and the activation of the transcription factor NFκB. Ln parallel, we showed that diosgenin induced an increase in COX-2 expression and activity. Diosgenin, at 10 µM was also able to induce the megakaryocytic differentiation of HEL cells. Differentiation was accompanied by polyploïdisation, i. E. An increase DNA content of the cells, increased expression of membrane markers of megakaryocytic differentiation and fragmentation of differentiated cells. During differentiation, diosgenin activated the ERK signal transduction pathway. This activation was shown to be necessary for the induction of differentiation. Diosgenin also induced a transitory activation of the Akt pathway and inhibited the p38 and JNK pathways and the activation of NFκB. During our study, we also studied the effect of COX-2 inhibition on diosgenin-induced apoptosis. Leflunomide is a synthetic derivative used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis which is able to inhibit COX-2. We showed that leflunomide protected HEL and K562 erythroleucemic ceillines against apoptosis induced by anti-cancer agents such as etoposide, staurosporine and arsenic trioxide. Leflunomide also protected cells from serum deprivation-induced apoptosis but not from diosgenin-induced apoptosis. The protective effect of leflunomide was due to the activation of the P13K/Akt pathway
Picon, Agnès. "Etude des mécanismes transcriptionnels du gène codant pour la proopiomélanocortine dans la lignée humaine de carcinome bronchique à petites cellules DMS-79 : Endocrinologie et intéractions cellulaires." Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T050.
Full textSaumet, Anne. "Rôle anti-tumoral de la thrombospondine-1 dans la lignée de leucémie aiguë promyélocytaire humaine NB4 : inhibition de la prolifération et induction d'une mort caspase-indépendante." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077161.
Full textTeixeira-Lebrun, Gorette. "Hématopoièse humaine : effet d'un glycosaminoglycane, l'acide hyaluronique ou hyaluronan sur la différenciation des progéniteurs du sang périphérique." Rouen, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ROUES075.
Full textSmida-Rezgui, Sophia. "Analyse du signal calcique des MAP kinases et de l'expression des intégrines dans la régulation de l'apoptose induite par l'EGF dans la lignée cellulaire tumorale humaine A431." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2000AIX20671.pdf.
Full textBattu, Serge. "Métabolisme de l'acide arachidonique dans la lignée enterocytaire humaine HT29 CL. 19A. ; modulation de l'expression de la cyclooxygenase-2 : implication de la transfection de l'ADNC de FLA." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO306F.
Full textDainat, Jacques. "Étude du processus de perte de gènes et de pseudogénisation. Intégration et informatisation des concepts de l’évolution biologique. Application à la lignée humaine depuis l'origine des Eucaryotes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4742/document.
Full textBiology has undergone an extraordinary revolution with the appearance of numerous whole genomes sequenced. Analysis of the amount of information available requires creation and use of automated tools. The interpretation of biological data becomes meaningful in light of evolution. In view of all this, evolutionary studies are undoubtedly necessary to highlight the biological data. In this context, the laboratory develops tools to study the genomes (and proteomes) evolution through all the undergone mutations. The project of this thesis focuses specifically on the events of unitary gene losses. These events may reveal loss of functions very instructive for understanding the evolution of species. First, I developed the GLADX tool that mimics human expertise to automatically and accurately investigate the events of unitary gene losses. These studies are based on the creation and interpretation of phylogenetic data, BLAST, predictions of protein, etc., in an automated environment. Secondly, I developed a strategy using GLADX tool to study, at large-scale, the loss of unitary genes during the evolution of the human proteome. The strategy uses, in the first step, the analysis of orthologous groups produced by a clustering tool from complete proteomes of numerous species. This analysis used as a filter, allowed detecting 6237 putative losses in the human lineage. The study of these unitary gene loss cases has been deepened with GLADX and allowed to highlight many problems with the quality of available data in databases
Santoro, Lyse. "Appretement et présentation d'un anticorps monoclonal murin par une lignée monocytaire ou lymphocytaire B humaine : influence de la liaison covalente entre anticorps et fragment C3b du complément." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10126.
Full textAfonso, Valéry. "Etude de la régulation de l'expression du gène codant la superoxyde dismutase 1 (SOD1) par le TNF alpha et l'hormone thyroïdienne T3 dans la lignée monocytaire humaine U937." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077161.
Full textOxidative stress is involved m the development of several diseases (cancer, cataract, speeded up ageing). It results from an unbalance between the antioxidant Systems of defense and production of free radicals. To face the situation the organism has antioxidizing enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD) and NAD (P) H. Numerous experiments allowed to determine the protective fonction of SODl gene against oxidative damages in various pathological conditions. It is well known that TNF-a leads to the production of RLO in ail cell types. On the other hand, oxidative stress is a factor of amplification of TNF-α synthesis and one of the mechanisms of action of this cytokine. Weak concentration of RLO acts as second messengers to induce transduction pathways activated by TNF-α. Few things are known on the manner how TNF-a and the thyroid hormone T3 regulate SODl gene transcription. That's why the purpose of this thesis was to study the effects of these two factors on the regulation of human SODl promoter in the human monocytic cell line U937, and to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms implicated. We show, m the first part this work that, the treatment of the U937 cell line by TNF-a regulates negatively SOD1 transcription, and as this reduction of mRNA is associated with a fall of the protein. These effects are not linked to a production of RLO in our culture conditions. Furthermore, the synthesis of a new protein is not necessary for the inhibition of SOD1 gene transcription by TNF-α and suggests post translational modifications of the transcription factors involved in this regulation. The analysis of SOD1 promoter, allowed to show that Egr-1 is the key protein for the formation of the transcriptional complex necessary for the initiation of transcription, and that this complex I is involved in the basal activity of SOD1. Finally, AP-1 protein plays a negative role (co-repressor) in the regulation of transcription by interfering with the binding of activating factors. It would seem therefore that TNF-α would act at two levels, first of ail by increasing the binding of AP-1 protein (activation of the inhibitory pathway) and by diminishing that of Spl (inhibition of the activating pathway) to suppress SOD1 gene. Finally, the intracellular JNK signaling pathway located upstream of AP-1 is involved in the suppression of SOD1 promoter by TNF-α. In second part of this work, we show that TRpl, in dose dependant manner activates SOD1 promoter and that in the presence of T3 this effect is diminished. We located the T3 responsible element (TRE) between nucléotides-157 and -t-17 of SOD1 promoter. The DBD is essential to suppress the activity of SOD1 promoter in the presence of T3 but does not intervene in the activation of the promoter. Contrary to the classical skim schema of gene regulation, these results let think that TRpl, activates SOD1 promoter by linking preferentially co-repressor proteins. This work allowed to show in vitro, that SOD1 promoter is sensitive to the action of TNF-a and to that of thyroid hormone, and that this effect is not mediated by an increase of free radicals. It also shows that TNF-α suppresses SOD1 through AP-1 and not NF-kB, via JNK transduction pathway. We also show that SOD1 is a target gene of T3 and that this effect, involved the DNA binding domain (DBD). Finally SOD1 could be a therapeutic target in the inflammatory situations linked to an increase of TNF-α or thyroid hormone (T3)
Chevalot, Isabelle. "Production d'une protéine membranaire humaine par cultures en réacteurs de cellules animales recombinantes : obtention de la lignée CHO recombinante et études cinétiques en réacteurs discontinus et semi-continus." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1992_CHEVALOT_I.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this work is to study the production of a human membrane enzyme (Gramma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) widely used in clinical chemistry, by culture of recombinant Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. The first part of this report deals with the preparation of the recombinant CHO cell line. Among different gene transfer method, we have chosen and optimized the electroporation of the CHO cells. The stability of the GGT synthesis has been tested during 18 successive passages. Structural and catalytic features of the recombinant enzyme shows that this enzyme is active with a high level of expression (2 U/mg of protein). We have realized some comparative kinetic studies beetwen wild and recombinant CHO cells in batch culture. It was found that morphology, metabolism and proliferation rate are near the same for the two cell lines. In the second part, we have studied the influence of cellular adhesion and operating conditions on the rrecombinant CHO cells behavior. Three types of culture for these support-dependent cells have been compared : microcarriers, aggregates and suspension cells. The specific growth rate is two times higher for cells on microcarriers and a decrease in GGT production (factor 7) is observed in non-adherent states. The use of a fedbatch reactor allows a better stabilization of the maximum cell density and GGT concentration as compared to batch culture technique. In the third part, an optimization of the GGT production by cells on microcarriers has been carried out in a fed batch bioreactor using an induction of the GGT synthesis by butyrate. The enzyme extraction has also been considered
Grélard, Alain. "Etude par cytométrie de flux des relations Toxoplasma Gondii- cellule hôte dans un modèle expérimental in vitro : contribution à l'évaluation d'agents antiparasitaires sur la lignée cellulaire monocytaire humaine THP-1." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P060.
Full textDaubie, Valéry. "Les sérines protéases de la coagulation et leurs récepteurs "proteases-activated receptors": étude analytique de leur signalisation calcium dans une lignée endothéliale et les ostéoblastes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210560.
Full textPour analyser des effets de la coagulation, nous avons utilisé un modèle connu :la culture primaire de cellules endothéliales (HUVEC). Les effets in vitro des facteurs de coagulation, dénommés protéases de la coagulation, pris séparément, ont été bien étudiés dans ces cellules, néanmoins aucune information sur l’effet combiné de ces protéases ou du plasma en coagulation n’était connue. Nous avons mesuré la "signalisation calcium" comme réponse cellulaire aux différents agents et ces mesures de la signalisation calcium ont été complétées par la mesure d’une autre réponse biologique, à savoir la sécrétion de cytokines pro-inflammatoires (IL-6 et IL-8). Pour l’étude de la régénération osseuse, la signalisation calcium a été mesurée sur une lignée d’ostéosarcomes humains (SaOS-2), stimulée par des protéases de la voie extrinsèque de la coagulation (facteur VIIa, facteur Xa et thrombine). Comme réponse biologique complémentaire, nous avons évalué l’effet des protéases d’intérêt sur l’apoptose induite par l’absence de sérum dans le milieu de culture.
\
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Parise, Mélanie. "Etude de l'activité antivirale de protéines de la famille TRIM au cours de l'infection par des pseudo-particules rétrovirales et l'adénovirus humain de type 5." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077212.
Full textThroughout Evolution, mammals have developed mechanisms of defense against pathogens. In particular, some cellular restriction factors interfere with the cycle of certain viruses. These factors are constitutively expressed and active in the cell. Several members of the TRIM (TRIpartite Motif) family display anti-viral activity: TRIMSalpha interferes with HIV and MLV replication in certain primates, and TRIM19 / PML and TRIM24 / TIF-1 alpha interfere with adenovirus cycle. Our first aim was to determine whether other TRIMs display anti-viral activity against type 5 adenovirus. For that purpose, we studied the effect of transient expression of various TRIMs on the progress of adenovirus infection, and screened 43 TRIMs. We identified a new TRIM protein with anti-adenoviral activity: TRIMS / GERP, which induces a blockade of the viral cycle just before replication. We also confirmed and completed the available data on the subcellular localization of 6 TRIM proteins and determined the until then unknown localization and aspect of 8 TRIM proteins. Certain TRIM proteins were recently described as induced by interferons (IFNs). Our second aim was to determine whether TRIMSalpha is a mediator of the anti-viral activity of IFNs. We confirmed that human TRIMSalpha is induced by type I IFN. Then, we showed that N-MLV restriction is increased in the cells in which TRIMSalpha has been induced by IFNs, and that the activity of TRIMSalpha is responsible for this increase
Frémondière, Pierre. "L'évolution de l'accouchement dans la lignée humaine. Estimation de la contrainte fœto-pelvienne par deux méthodes complémentaires : la simulation numérique de l'accouchement et l'analyse discriminante des modalités d'accouchement au sein d'un échantillon obstétrical." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5013.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to estimate delivery outcomes for extinct hominids. We therefore use two complementary methods : numerical simulation of childbirth and discriminant analysis of delivery outcomes from an obstetrical sample. First, we use kriging to construct meshes of pelves and neonatal skulls. Fossil hominid specimens included in the study are Australopithecines, early Homo (EH) and middle to early Pleistocene Homo (MEPH). We estimate fetal cranial dimensions with chimpanzee or human cranial growth curve that we reversly use and apply on juveniles skull measurements. “Virtual” dyads are formed from pelves and neonatal skulls. Then, we simulate childbirth of these « virtual » dyads. Different levels of laxity of the sacro-iliac junction and different positions of the fetal head are considered. Finally, we use an obstetrical sample: delivery outcome is noted, CT-scans are used to obtain maternal pelvic measurements and diameters of the fetal head were also measured after delivery. A discriminant analysis is performed using this obstetrical sample to separate delivery outcomes thanks to fetal-pelvic measurements. Fossil dyads were subsequently added in the discriminant analysis to assess delivery outcomes to which they belong. Results suggest small fetal-pelvic constraint for Austalopithecines. This constraint is moderate for EH. Fetal-pelvic constraint is more important for MEPH. We suggest that rotational birth appears with EH. The curved trajectory of the fetal head appears with MEPH. Emergence of rotational birth and curved trajectory of fetal head are probably explained by two major increases in brain size during late and middle Pleistocene
Jacob, Aude. "Le récepteur Aryl hydrocarbon au niveau de la barrière hémato-encéphalique : implication dans la régulation de l'expression de ABCB1, ABCG2 et du CYP1B1." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05P653.
Full textABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP) and CYP1B1 are the main ABC transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes expressed at the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). In peripheral tissue, expression of these proteins is regulated by transcription factors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Interestingly, high levels of AhR mRNA are detected in human brain microvessels. We therefore investigated the potential implication of AhR in the regulation of ABCB1, ABCG2 and CYP1B1 expression. In vivo, a single dose of TCDD, a highly potent AhR ligand, increased Cyp1b1 transcripts and protein expression in rat brain microvessels. Similarly, exposing hCMEC/D3 cells, an in vitro promising model of human BBB, to TCDD induced CYP1B1 expression. Using small interfering RNA, we established AhR involvement in TCDD effects. However, either in vivo or in vitro TCDD treatment had no effect on ABCB1 or ABCG2 expression. Next, we investigated the crosstalk between AhR and hypoxia signalling pathways in case of simultaneous activation. Our experiments revealed that a crosstalk between these two pathways effectively occurred in hCMEC/D3 cells: hypoxia inhibited AhR response but not the reverse
Dubourdeau, Marc. "Etude de la modulation de l'expression de p21WAF1/CAP20/SD11 par des cytokines : application à une lignée d'hépatomes transformés par la protéine core du virus de l'hépatite C humaine et à des monocytes de sujets sains." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30010.
Full textOuvrard-Pascaud, Antoine. "Rôle physiopathologique du récepteur minéralocorticoïde dans le rein et dans le coeur : approches utilisant des modèles conditionnels cellulaires et animaux." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077235.
Full textThe mineralocorticoid receptor is a transcription factor whose activity dépends on the binding to the hormone, aldosterone, that mediates sodium absorption in the distal nephron (cortical collecting duct), playing a critical role in the control of volemia and arterial pressure. Nevertheless, all the molecular targets and signalization pathways have not yet been identified. Further more, among other tissues, this receptor is also expressed in the heart myocardium where its precise functions remain to be elucidated. Using a rat cell line, we generated a subclone allowing conditional expression (Cre-lox) of a functional fusion protein between the human mineralocorticoid receptor and an eGFP fluorescent tag (Ouvrard-Pascaud et al. 2004). This subclone was used in a study proposing that the nuclear translocation of the receptor is not required for stimulating sodium absorption during the early phase of the hormonal response (1-2 hours) (Le Moellic et al. 2004). We generated two transgenic mice lines that over-express the human mineralocorticoid receptor (tet-OFF) specifically in cardiomyocytes. 50% of the mice die during the embryonic development without any apparent defects on cardiogenesis. Tissue analysis of adult animals indicated normal histology. Electrophysiological studies of isolated cardiomyocytes showed lengthened action potentials. Electrocardiograms revealed conduction defaults with the occurrence of premature ventricular complex and tachycardia. This phenotype suggests a role for the mineralocorticoid receptor in the heart electrical conduction signal and its possible implication in pathologies associated with arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden death
Aye-Baratier, Mélanie. "La génotoxicité des quantum dots et le rôle du stress oxydant : implications sur l'environnement et la santé humaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5050.
Full textQuantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals which can be employed as sensitive biomarkers of cellular metabolism and thus show their usefulness in various fields, including medicine and it soon became necessary to prove their safety before their widespread use and their distribution in the environment. The thesis project targeted on: Genotoxicity of quantum dots and the role of oxidative stress implications for the environment and human health. This study was organized in three main parts The in vitro study of the genotoxic and mutagenic properties of QDs QDs induced primary DNA lesions in CHO-K1 cells using the comet assay and were associated with oxidative stress. We demonstrated that the QDs were more active after irradiation by the solar spectrum. We showed the ability of QDs to induce chromosomal mutations. The main mechanism was probably that of the production of free radicals. The in vivo study of the genotoxic and mutagenic properties of QDs The comet assay shows that QDs induced an overall significant increase in DNA lesions of different organs (liver, kidneys, lungs, brain and testes). However, each organ had a specific susceptibility. QDs induced a significant increase in a dose-dependent manner of micronuclei. These results clearly indicated the in vivo clastogenic / aneugenic properties of QDs. No significant variation in the measured biochemical variables. The evidence of their effects on the environment Evaluation of genotoxicity was performed on coelomocytes of E. fetida and N. diversicolor resulting in a significant increase in DNA damage
Gauvin, Amélie. "Pharmacocinétique de la vinorelbine chez le sujet âgé : mise en place d'une stratégie de prélèvements limités pour l'estimation Bayesienne des paramètres pharmacocinéthiques individuels : intérêt de l'association vinorelbine/irinotecan sur la lignée cellulaire humaine de cancer du poumon non à petites cellules." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON13511.
Full textMigdal, Camille. "Étude des évènements précoces impliqués dans l'activation des cellules dendritiques humaines induite par le thimerosal : rôle du stress oxydant : implication dans le développement de nouvelles méthodes alternatives à l'expérimentation animale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708505.
Full textGueddari, Nai͏̈ma. "Mise en évidence et expression du récepteur aux LDL dans des lignées tumorales humaines : étude de sa régulation dans la lignée d'adénocarcinome pulmonaire A549." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30160.
Full textScotto, Christian. "Étude comparative des effets du clofibrate, proliférateur peroxysomal sur les hépatomes murins FaO et humains Hep EBNA2 : aspects structuraux, biochimiques et moléculaires." Nancy 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NAN10027.
Full textAno, Monfils Nadhia. "Etude de la production et des caracteristiques biologiques du tnf alpha humain produit a partir d'une lignee cellulaire humaine." Lillle 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL2P256.
Full textWeill, François-Xavier. "Etablissement de lignées immortalisées de myofibroblastes hépatiques humains." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23061.
Full text