Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lightweight vehicle'
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Davis, Mark E. (Mark Edward). "Design of a lightweight, multipurpose underwater vehicle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12646.
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Constantin, Hannah. "Carbon fibre reinforced aluminium for lightweight vehicle structures." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.718465.
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The impact of human activity on the environment is significant. One way to reduce our carbon footprint is to decrease the mass of passenger vehicles, improving fuel efficiency. In addition, the use of recycled materials can reduce environmental impact further. The aim of this project is to fabricate and evaluate novel recycled carbon fibre reinforced aluminium as a lightweight material for passenger vehicles. Recycled carbon fibre reinforced aluminium materials were fabricated by gas pressure infiltration. The infiltration behaviour of the preforms was quantified by mercury intrusion porosity, compared to other preform types, and compared to composite materials fabricated at different pressures. Recycled carbon fibre reinforced aluminium materials can be fabricated by gas pressure infiltration, using less than 12 bar gas pressure, resulting in fibres occupying approximately 11% of the material volume. A sodium silicate binder was utilised in an effort to increase the fibre packing fraction and improve preform handle-ability. Silicon was added to the aluminium matrix to inhibit the formation of aluminium carbide during fabrication at the fibre/matrix interface. Although this was not successful, the composite materials containing silicon exhibited reduced porosity and fibre breakage, and no aluminium carbide was observed after up to 4 hours of heat treatment. Nickel-coated carbon fibre was used to improve the wetting behaviour between the fibres and the matrix, which reduced the required pressure for infiltration with aluminium by five times. The mechanical properties of the composite material were evaluated using wear testing and a novel small-specimen creep test. The testing specimen size may not be representative of the composite material as a whole, as in most cases, the addition of carbon fibres had a deleterious effect on the mechanical properties of the material.
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Worley, Marilyn Elizabeth. "Experimental Study on the Mobility of Lightweight Vehicles on Sand." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34005.
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This study focuses on developing a better comprehension of the mobility of lightweight autonomous vehicles with varying locomotion platforms on sand. This research involves four segments.The first segment is a review of military criteria for the development of lightweight unmanned ground vehicles, followed by a review a review of current methodologies for evaluating the terramechanic (vehicle-ground interaction) mobility measures of heavyweight wheeled and tracked vehicles, and ending with a review of the defining properties of deformable terrain with specific emphasis on sand. These present a basis for understanding what currently defines mobility and how mobility is quantified for traditional heavyweight wheeled and tracked vehicles, as well as an understanding of the environment of operation (sandy terrain) for the lightweight vehicles in this study.
The second segment involves the identification of key properties associated with the mobility and operation of lightweight vehicles on sand as related to given mission criteria, so as to form a quantitative assessment system to compare lightweight vehicles of varying locomotion platforms. A table based on the House of Quality shows the relationships—high, low, or adverse—between mission profile requirements and general performance measures and geometries of vehicles under consideration for use. This table, when combined with known values for vehicle metrics, provides information for an index formula used to quantitatively compare the mobility of a user-chosen set of vehicles, regardless of their methods of locomotion. This table identifies several important or fundamental terramechanics properties that necessitate model development for robots with novel locomotion platforms and testing for lightweight wheeled and tracked vehicles so as to consider the adaptation of counterpart heavyweight terramechanics models for use.
The third segment is a study of robots utilizing novel forms of locomotion, emphasizing the kinematics of locomotion (gait and foot placement) and proposed starting points for the development of terramechanics models so as to compare their mobility and performance with more traditional wheeled and tracked vehicles. In this study several new autonomous vehicles—bipedal, self-excited dynamic tripedal, active spoke-wheel—that are currently under development are explored.
The final segment involves experimentation of several lightweight vehicles and robots on sand. A preliminary experimentation was performed evaluating a lightweight autonomous tracked vehicle for its performance and operation on sand. A bipedal robot was then tested to study the foot-ground interaction with and sinkage into a medium-grade sand, utilizing a one of the first-developed walking gaits. Finally, a comprehensive set of experiments was performed on a lightweight wheeled vehicle. While the terramechanics properties of wheeled and tracked vehicles, such as the contact patch pressure distribution, have been understood and models have been developed for heavy vehicles, the feasibility of extrapolating them to the analysis of light vehicles is still under analysis. A wheeled all-terrain vehicle was tested for effects of sand gradation, vehicle speed, and vehicle payload on measures of pressure and sinkage in the contact patch, and preliminary analysis is presented on the sinkage of the wheeled all-terrain vehicle.
These four segments—review of properties of sandy terrain and measures of and criteria for the mobility of lightweight vehicles operating on sandy terrain, the development of the comparison matrix and indexing function, modeling and development of novel forms of locomotion, and physical experimentation of lightweight tracked and wheeled vehicles as well as a bipedal robot—combine to give an overall picture of mobility that spans across different forms of locomotion.
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Wallis, Lauren. "Lightweight lead acid batteries for hybrid electric vehicle applications." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/378338/.
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This report presents architectures, designs and chemistries for novel static soluble lead acid batteries, with the objective of producing a lightweight lead acid battery for improved specific energy. The demands for lightweight lead-acid batteries come from an expanding hybrid electric vehicle market demanding improved battery specific energy. There are several avenues for improving battery specific energy; the main two are improved active material utilisation efficiency and grid weight reduction. Both of these have been focuses of this project. Two approaches have been taken in this project, the first is focussed on the electrode design. Design modifications have been achieved by using novel grid materials to reduce weight and novel electrode designs to improve active material utilisation. Battery electrodes were built from titanium and the active material was applied as a thin film of lead. Characterisation of lead coatings on several material geometries under different plating regimes was conducted. A novel thin-film active material battery was designed, built and tested satisfactorily to industrial standards. The second battery system being investigated has the active materials solvated in the methanesulphonic acid electrolyte during the discharged state. Due to the high solubility of lead in this Pb-CH3SO3H electrolyte, lead-acid batteries with this chemistry have a theoretical specific energy of 35.7 Ah l-1. This compares favourably with the specific energy for a conventional spiral wound VRLA battery at 44.4 Ah l-1. These soluble lead acid batteries operate by a mechanism whereby cycling is stripping and plating lead and lead dioxide onto the electrodes. Active material utilisation in this type of lead-acid battery is not limited in the same way as conventional lead-acid batteries, as the discharge product is not electrically insulating, as is lead sulphate. The operation mechanism was improved by using additives in the electrolyte to maintain a quality deposit and preserve charge efficiency, voltage efficiency and active mass utilisation. In addition, the use of a separator membrane and novel carbon-polymer electrodes improved battery performance further. The behaviour of a static soluble lead acid battery during cycling with and without additives and a cell membrane is characterised and the results are used to develop a 6 V battery. The results of the 6 V battery cycling under HEV simulated cycling are presented and discussed.
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Daniel, Ajay. "Suspension design for Uniti, a lightweight urban electric vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-234900.
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Climate change is real and the automotive industry is no longer in denial that electrification of vehicles is the future. But what if there is a better solution to meeting the commuting requirements in an urban environment than a form of a car that we are so familiar with? Something which gives the freedom of mobility like a car but is more practical. Perhaps a Uniti? Uniti aims at providing a smart solution to urban commute, something which is sustainable, fun and in step with the strides made in technology. This involved starting from a clean slate and attacking the very fundamental problem; a two-ton machine meant for carrying four to five people being used by only one person for majority of its lifespan, which makes all the more less sense in an urban environment. Hence came into life Uniti; a lightweight electric vehicle in the L7e category designed to be the second family car. Designing such a vehicle from the standpoint of vehicle dynamics is tricky as the user shapes the mass of the vehicle significantly. The driver and passenger in this vehicle accounts for almost a quarter of the total weight. That along with the high unsprung mass coming with the use of in wheel electric motors makes this project all the more challenging. The thesis is aimed at providing a starting point to build on to a robust suspension design. The fundamentals of vehicle dynamics were used to build up mathematical models in MATLAB and simulations were done with ADAMS/Car to study and optimize the design. All said and done the scope of the work was limited considering it had to be built from scratch but the models developed and the concepts laid out would hopefully be a good foundation to develop it into the prefect one.Klimatförändringarna är verkliga och bilindustrin kan inte längre förneka att elektrifiering av fordon är framtiden. Men vad händer om det finns en bättre lösning för att uppfylla pendlingskraven i en stadsmiljö än en form av bil som vi är så bekanta med? Något som ger fri rörlighet som en bil men är mer praktisk. Kanske en Uniti? Uniti har som målsättning att erbjuda en smart lösning för urban pendling, något som är hållbart, roligt och i takt med de framsteg som gjorts inom tekniken. Detta innebar att man startade från ett tomt papper och attackera det mycket grundläggande problemet; en två ton maskin som är avsedd att bära fyra till fem personer som används av endast en person för majoriteten av sin livslängd, vilket är mindre önskvärt i en stadsmiljö. Därför kom Uniti till livet; ett lätt elfordon i L7e-kategorin som är konstruerad för att vara den andra familjebilen. Att utforma ett sådant fordon utifrån fordonets dynamik är svårt eftersom användaren förändrar fordonets massa väsentligt. Föraren och passageraren i detta fordon står för nästan en fjärdedel av den totala vikten. Detta tillsammans med den höga ofjädrade massan pga hjulmotorer gör det mer utmanande. Examensarbetet syftar till att skapa en utgångspunkt att bygga vidare på för en robust hjulupphängningsdesign. Grunder i fordonsdynamik användes för att bygga upp matematiska modeller i MATLAB och simuleringar gjordes med ADAMS / Car för att studera och optimera designen. Arbetets omfattning var begränsat med tanke på att allt behövde byggas från början, men modellerna som utvecklats och de koncept som lagts fram ska förhoppningsvis vara en bra grund för att utveckla vidare.
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Johnson, Christopher Patrick. "Comparative Analysis of Lightweight Robotic Wheeled and Tracked Vehicle." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76994.
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This study focuses on conducting a benchmarking analysis for light wheeled and tracked robotic vehicles. Vehicle mobility has long been a key aspect of research for many organizations. According to the Department of Defense vehicle mobility is defined as, "the overall capacity to move from place to place while retaining its ability to perform its primary mission"[1]. Until recently this definition has been applied exclusively to large scale wheeled and tracked vehicles. With new development lightweight ground vehicles designed for military and space exploration applications, the meaning of vehicle mobility must be revised and the tools at our disposal for evaluating mobility must also be expanded. In this context a significant gap in research is present and the main goal of this thesis is to help fill the void in knowledge regarding small robotic vehicle mobility assessment. Another important aspect of any vehicle is energy efficiency. Thus, another aim of this study is to compare the energy needs for a wheeled versus tracked robot, while performing similar tasks.
The first stage of the research is a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art in vehicle mobility assessment. From this review, a mobility assessment criterion for light robots will be developed. The second stage will be outfitting a light robotic vehicle with a sensor suite capable of capturing relevant mobility criteria. The third stage of this study will be an experimental investigation of the mobility capability of the vehicle. Finally the fourth stage will include quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the benchmarking study.Master of Science
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Barbalata, Corina. "Modelling and control of lightweight underwater vehicle-manipulator systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3279.
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This thesis studies the mathematical description and the low-level control structures for underwater robotic systems performing motion and interaction tasks. The main focus is on the study of lightweight underwater-vehicle manipulator systems. A description of the dynamic and hydrodynamic modelling of the underwater vehicle-manipulator system (UVMS) is presented and a study of the coupling effects between the vehicle and manipulator is given. Through simulation results it is shown that the vehicle’s capabilities are degraded by the motion of the manipulator, when it has a considerable mass with respect to the vehicle. Understanding the interaction effects between the two subsystems is beneficial in developing new control architectures that can improve the performance of the system. A control strategy is proposed for reducing the coupling effects between the two subsystems when motion tasks are required. The method is developed based on the mathematical model of the UVMS and the estimated interaction effects. Simulation results show the validity of the proposed control structure even in the presence of uncertainties in the dynamic model. The problem of autonomous interaction with the underwater environment is further addressed. The thesis proposes a parallel position/force control structure for lightweight underwater vehicle-manipulator systems. Two different strategies for integrating this control law on the vehicle-manipulator structure are proposed. The first strategy uses the parallel control law for the manipulator while a different control law, the Proportional Integral Limited control structure, is used for the vehicle. The second strategy treats the underwater vehicle-manipulator system as a single system and the parallel position/force law is used for the overall system. The low level parallel position/force control law is validated through practical experiments using the HDT-MK3-M electric manipulator. The Proportional Integral Limited control structure is tested using a 5 degrees-of-freedom underwater vehicle in a wave-tank facility. Furthermore, an adaptive tuning method based on interaction theory is proposed for adjusting the gains of the controller. The experimental results show that the method is advantageous as it decreases the complexity of the manual tuning otherwise required and reduces the energy consumption. The main objectives of this thesis are to understand and accurately represent the behaviour of an underwater vehiclemanipulator system, to evaluate this system when in contact with the environment and to design informed low-level control structures based on the observations made through the mathematical study of the system. The concepts presented in this thesis are not restricted to only vehicle-manipulator systems but can be applied to different other multibody robotic systems.
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Magnusson, Tobias. "Conceptual sandwich-sandwich-steel joint design for lightweight rail vehicle." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-159283.
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In order to find a feasible solution for a joining method of a sandwich side-wall, a sandwichfloor and a steel underbody of a railway vehicle, conceptual joint designs have been devel- oped by using structural optimization software. It is shown that the joints are capable of carrying the loads assumed to act on the structure but that several improvements to theanalysis needs to be done to assure a safe design.
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Marino, Michael A. "Precession damping and axial velocity control of a lightweight reentry vehicle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/41239.
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Polakowski, Matthew Ryan. "An Improved Lightweight Micro Scale Vehicle Capable of Aerial and Terrestrial Locomotion." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1334600182.
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Evans, Thomas H. "Design of composite sandwich panels for lightweight applications in heavy vehicle systems." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4745.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 125 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-125).
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Bawden, Owen John. "Design of a lightweight, modular robotic vehicle for the sustainable intensification of broadacre agriculture." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/84988/1/Owen_Bawden_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis presents the design process and the prototyping of a lightweight, modular robotic vehicle for the sustainable intensification of broadacre agriculture. Achieved by the joint operation of multiple autonomous vehicles to improve energy consumption, reduce labour, and increase efficiency in the application of inputs for the management of crops. The Small Robotic Farm Vehicle (SRFV) is a lightweight and energy efficient robotic vehicle with a configurable, modular design. It is capable of undertaking a range of agricultural tasks, including fertilising and weed management through mechanical intervention and precision spraying, whilst being more than an order of magnitude lower in weight than existing broadacre agricultural equipment.
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Kresge, Jared T. "Telerobotic system design for a remotely operated lightweight park flyer micro aerial vehicle." Ohio : Ohio University, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1165012195.
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Kresge, Jared T. "Telerobotic System Design for a Remotely Operated Lightweight Park Flyer Mirco Aerial Vehicle." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1165012195.
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Lovatt, Carl Ryan. "The Development of a Lightweight Electric Vehicle Chassis and Investigation into the Suitability of TiAl for Automotive Applications." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2524.
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A lightweight chassis for a battery electric vehicle being developed at the University of Waikato was required. The chassis was designed around a predetermined body shape and suspension setup. A chassis, built from 20mm thick aluminium honeycomb sandwich panel, was designed and built to LVVTA standards allowing the car to be driven on public roads. The chassis weighs a little over a third the mass of a mass production car chassis. The car has been driven over 1800km with only one minor problem, indicating the chassis is reliable and well suited to its purpose. Titanium aluminide properties were researched to identify where titanium aluminides could be used in an automobile. Titanium aluminides have a specific strength and stiffness near to steel yet only half the density making it an ideal replacement for steel components. Automotive applications identified that could benefit from the use of TiAl include valves, brake rotors and inside 'in-wheel' electric motors.
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Ritter, Robin. "The 100 kW Sportscar : Experience-Oriented Performance through Reduction in Times of Excess." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136849.
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Problem Area With the introduction of the Bugatti Veyron in 2005, a new breed of sportscars was born: the hypercar. It was celebrated as a technological masterpiece, its todays hybrid counterparts, the McLaren P1, Ferrari LaFerrari and Porsche 918 Spyder were named the ‘holy trinity’ of sportscars. However, only a few hundreds of these cars will ever be built, and most enthusiasts will only be able to experience their performance in the virtual world in a racing simulator. The few lucky owners though face a similar problem: These machines are so fast and their traction limit is so high that they can hardly be driven flat-out on open roads, which turns many of them into a track-only toys or garage queens. Design process The design process used is fairly traditional, starting with a research phase, an ideation phase which is being followed by a refinement phase and ultimately the execution of the design in form of a physical scale model and digital renderings. However it needs to be stated that the availability of VR reviews already has a very positive impact on the design workflow. Many design solutions, ergonomics and proportions were modeled directly in 3D and immediately tested in VR, similar to a continously updated 1:1 clay model in the industry. Final result The final result is a lightweight sportscar that makes most out of its limited power resources. Not only does it use state-of-the art technologies and materials to be as efficient as possible, it also boosts the driving experience with several innovative design solutions. The styling is modern and in line with Porsche’s carefully developed current design DNA, but also links to the past. Connaisseurs of the Porsche heritage will find several references to models from the past, yet all these elements are respectfully interpreted in a contemporary yet timeless way. Other, more high-volume manufacturers also produce versions of their models with ridiculously powerful engines - similar to the era of the muscle cars in the late 60ies. In some cases, it seems that this is more of an engineers game of numbers, a marketing strategy or a method to please the ego of the companies’ board members. The fun of sportscar driving however is where the driver and or the machine reach their physical limits - in speed, revs, reaction time, grip and g-forces. Finding and riding along on this edge is the challenge of driving a sportscar, and this project claims that this can be brought back to a level that is far below that of hypercars. The challenge of this project is therefore to develop a car that can deliver an exciting, memorable driving experience with less financial, energy and material resources. At the same time, in an age of Uber, Lyft and the advent of autonomous vehicles, this car should attract younger customers to keep the following generations interested in the driving aspect of cars, a key factor in the emotionality that ultimately leads to higher profits for the manufacturer and above all, an exciting leisure time experience for the customer. Design process The design process used is fairly traditional, starting with a research phase, an ideation phase which is being followed by a refinement phase and ultimately the execution of the design in form of a physical scale model and digital renderings. However it needs to be stated that the availability of VR reviews already has a very positive impact on the design workflow. Many design solutions, ergonomics and proportions were modeled directly in 3D and immediately tested in VR, similar to a continously updated 1:1 clay model in the industry. Final result The final result is a lightweight sportscar that makes most out of its limited power resources. Not only does it use state-of-the art technologies and materials to be as efficient as possible, it also boosts the driving experience with several innovative design solutions. The styling is modern and in line with Porsche’s carefully developed current design DNA, but also links to the past. Connaisseurs of the Porsche heritage will find several references to models from the past, yet all these elements are respectfully interpreted in a contemporary yet timeless way.
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Lind, Nordgren Eleonora. "A study of tailoring acoustic porous material properties when designing lightweight multilayered vehicle panels." Doctoral thesis, KTH, MWL Marcus Wallenberg Laboratoriet, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-100701.
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The present work explores the possibilities of adapting poro-elastic lightweight acoustic materials to specific applications. More explicitly, a design approach is presented where finite element based numerical simulations are combined with optimization techniques to improve the dynamic and acoustic properties of lightweight multilayered panels containing poro-elastic acoustic materials. The numerical models are based on Biot theory which uses equivalent fluid/solid models with macroscopic space averaged material properties to describe the physical behaviour of poro-elastic materials. To systematically identify and compare specific beneficial or unfavourable material properties, the numerical model is connected to a gradient based optimizer. As the macroscopic material parameters used in Biot theory are interrelated, they are not suitable to be used as independent design variables. Instead scaling laws are applied to connect macroscopic material properties to the underlying microscopic geometrical properties that may be altered independently. The design approach is also combined with a structural sandwich panel mass optimization, to examine possible ways to handle the, sometimes contradicting, structural and acoustic demands. By carefully balancing structural and acoustic components, synergetic rather than contradictive effects could be achieved, resulting in multifunctional panels; hopefully making additional acoustic treatment, which may otherwise undo major parts of the weight reduction, redundant. The results indicate a significant potential to improve the dynamic and acoustic properties of multilayered panels with a minimum of added weight and volume. The developed modelling techniques could also be implemented in future computer based design tools for lightweight vehicle panels. This would possibly enable efficient mass reduction while limiting or, perhaps, totally avoiding the negative impact on sound and vibration properties that is, otherwise, a common side effect of reducing weight, thus helping to achieve lighter and more energy efficient vehicles in the future.QC 20120815
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Nordgren, Eleonora. "A study of tailoring acoustic porous material properties when designing lightweight multilayered vehicle panels." Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780756.
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The present work explores the possibilities of adapting poro-elastic lightweight acoustic materials to specific applications. More explicitly, a design approach is presented where finite element based numerical simulations are combined with optimization techniques to improve the dynamic and acoustic properties of lightweight multilayered panels containing poro-elastic acoustic materials.The numerical models are based on Biot theory which uses equivalent fluid/solid models with macroscopic space averaged material properties to describe the physical behaviour of poro-elastic materials. To systematically identify and compare specific beneficial or unfavourable material properties, the numerical model is connected to a gradient based optimizer. As the macroscopic material parameters used in Biot theory are interrelated, they are not suitable to be used as independent design variables. Instead scaling laws are applied to connect macroscopic material properties to the underlying microscopic geometrical properties that may be altered independently.The design approach is also combined with a structural sandwich panel mass optimization, to examine possible ways to handle the, sometimes contradicting, structural and acoustic demands. By carefully balancing structural and acoustic components, synergetic rather than contradictive effects could be achieved, resulting in multifunctional panels; hopefully making additional acoustic treatment, which may otherwise undo major parts of the weight reduction, redundant.The results indicate a significant potential to improve the dynamic and acoustic properties of multilayered panels with a minimum of added weight and volume. The developed modelling techniques could also be implemented in future computer based design tools for lightweight vehicle panels. This would possibly enable efficient mass reduction while limiting or, perhaps, totally avoiding the negative impact on sound and vibration properties that is, otherwise, a common side effect of reducing weight, thus helping to achieve lighter and more energy efficient vehicles in the future.
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Jain, Anil. "An analysis of automotive body assembly technologies and their implications in lightweight vehicle development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10228.
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de, Fluiter Travis. "Design of lightweigh electric vehicles." The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2438.
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The design and manufacture of lightweight electric vehicles is becoming increasingly important with the rising cost of petrol, and the effects emissions from petrol powered vehicles are having on our environment. The University of Waikato and HybridAuto's Ultracommuter electric vehicle was designed, manufactured, and tested. The vehicle has been driven over 1800km with only a small reliability issue, indicating that the Ultracommuter was well designed and could potentially be manufactured as a solution to ongoing transportation issues. The use of titanium aluminide components in the automotive industry was researched. While it only has half the density of alloy steel, titanium aluminides have the same strength and stiffness as steel, along with good corrosion resistance, making them suitable as a lightweight replacement for steel components. Automotive applications identified that could benefit from the use of TiAl include brake callipers, brake rotors and electric motor components.
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Christ, Florian. "Adaption and evaluation of transversal leaf spring suspension design for a lightweight vehicle using Adams/Car." Thesis, KTH, Fordonsdynamik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-180035.
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This investigation deals with the suspension of a lightweight medium-class vehicle for four passengers with a curb weight of 1000 kg. The suspension layout consists of a transversal leaf spring and is supported by an active air spring which is included in the damper. The lower control arms are replaced by the leaf spring ends. Active ride height control is introduced to compensate for different vehicle load states. Active steering is applied using electric linear actuators with steer-by wire design. Besides intense use of light material the inquiry should investigate whether elimination of suspension parts or a lighter component is concordant with the stability demands of the vehicle. The investigation is based on simulations obtained with MSC Software ADAMS/Car and Matlab. The suspension is modeled in Adams/Car and has to proof it's compliance in normal driving conditions and under extreme forces. Evaluation criteria are suspension kinematics and compliance such as camber, caster and toe change during wheel travel in different load states. Also the leaf spring deflection, anti-dive and anti-squat measures and brake force distribution are investigated. Based on a simplified version of the leaf spring suspension design a full vehicle model is created. The comparison between the suspension models evaluates the same basic suspension parameters to ensure the compliance. Additionally roll rate and understeer gradient are investigated. It can be shown that the vehicle equipped with transversal leaf spring instead of lower control arms fulfils the set kinematics and compliance requirements. Road holding performance is assured for normal driving conditions on public roads.
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Wennberg, David. "Multi-Functional Composite Design Concepts for Rail Vehicle Car Bodies." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Järnvägsgruppen, JVG, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-122391.
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Structures and material combinations, tailored for multiple purposes, are within the reach of vehicle manufacturers. Besides reducing the environmental impact of the transportation sector these multi-functional structures can reduce costs, such as development, manufacturing and maintenance, and at the same time offer improved comfort to the passengers. This thesis sets out to develop multi-functional design algorithms and evaluate concepts for future composite high speed train car bodies with the objective of optimising the amount of mass needed to fulfil all functions of the structure. In a first step complete composite car bodies were developed, optimised and evaluated based on global stiffness requirements and load cases. The knowledge gained in this step was used as requirements for the strength and stiffness of panels during the continued development of the multi-functional optimisation which, besides strength and stiffness, later also considers sound transmission, thermal insulation, geometric restrictions, manufacturability and fire safety. To be able to include fire safety in the analysis, a method for simulating the high temperature response of layered composite structures was needed, and developed. Significant weight reductions are proven when utilising carbon fibre in the load carrying structure of the vehicle, on component level as high as 60%. Structures can be made significantly thinner when using the algorithms developed in this thesis and wall thickness is reduced by 5-6 cm. Analysis carried out and extensive literature surveys also suggest significant cost savings in manufacturing, maintenance and use-phase, even thou the raw material cost can be significantly higher as compared to the conventional steel or aluminium alternatives. Results from drive cycle simulations showed that the benefit, with respect to reduced energy consumption, is in the range of 0.5-0.8% per reduced weight percentage, comparable to both automotive and air applications. The algorithms and methods established in this thesis can be directly applied for the development and analysis of future high speed train car bodies.QC 20130521
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Niu, Jie. "Study on lattice structures using additive manufacturing and its application on a new ultra-lightweight vehicle suspension system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/46690/.
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With the increasing development of Additive Manufacturing technologies in the past two decades, the area of lattice structures has received considerable attention due to their inherent advantages in providing lightweight, high stiffness, and strong materials. However, this comes with new challenges such as geometry modelling, optimal selection of unit cell for certain loading condition, and mechanical performance for practical applications. This research provides a systematic investigation of lattice structures from design, testing, to numerical investigation and analytical study, as well as a case study for practical engineering application. A new method to create lattice structures using the traditional CAD package was proposed. It can automatically generate parametric models of complex lattice structures. Three lattice structures with triangular unit cells, cubic unit cells and hexagonal unit cells are shaped by side length, L, strut thickness, t, and height, h (or layer number, n, in h direction). The prototypes manufactured from Nylon and AlSi10Mg show good manufacturability. The experimental tensile curves of the lattice structures reveal distinguished results from the traditional solid materials. The triangular lattice structure was found to be the best in terms of greater effective Young’s modulus (E*) and stiffness-to-mass ratio. The theoretical solution of E*for triangular lattice structure (E*EB) was derived based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The numerical results of E*by using a representative volume element were obtained by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The effects of L, t and h, on values of E* were investigated independently. The results show that t had the most significant effect. Values of E* obtained by the proposed analytical solution have shown the best agreement with the corresponding FEA results when compared with other existing methods. The experimentally determined values of E* are in excellent agreement with both analytical and numerical solutions. A new single part vehicle suspension with lattice structure was created using Creo®. As the lattice structure suspension is made of scale unit cells shaped by several parameters, it is time-consuming to run simulation with this model. Instead, solid suspension with E* of triangular lattice structure determined by the proposed analytical solution was used in FEA. The optimization method by Design of Experiments (DOE) was used to develop the formulae among design variables (L, t, h and T) and maximum von Mises stress, maximum deformation, stiffness-to-mass ratio and total mass. This method has proven to be an effective way to obtain the mechanical response of large scale lattice structures. The optimum parameters [T, t, L, n] are [2.90, 1.90, 7.82, 1] for the objective of maximum stiffness-to-mass ratio, which is found to be a conservative design. For the objective of minimum total mass, the optimized values are [0.55, 0.76, 4.88, 1], where the design can make full use of structure materials. In the future, these two different lightweight methods should be considered along with other requirements, such as vibration performance and failure behaviour.
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Wennberg, David. "Light-weighting Methodology in Rail Vehicle Design through Introduction of Load Carrying Sandwich Panels." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33646.
Full textAbstract:
Lightweight design in rail vehicles has been important for quite some time. Structures have been optimised to fulfill their purpose and cut unnecessary weight to reach allowable axle loads. Classically this is done by using steel, thin-walled structures, throughout the car body, or, alternatively, power-pressed aluminum profiles. The use of composites and sandwich structures has, however, been somewhat limited in the railway industry, especially when considering High-Speed trains. The anticipated weight savings, and reduced complexity of this type of structure are believed to have great potential in the future. This thesis covers the development of methods for structural stiffness design of lightweight, load carrying, sandwich panels for high-speed rail vehicles. Focusis on reducing the weight of the vehicles while simplifying the construction to reduce manufacturing costs and assembly times. Significant work is put into understanding the dynamic influence this type of structure has on the car body.QC 20110516
Multifunctional body panels
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Sarip, S. Bin. "Lightweight friction brakes for a road vehicle with regenerative braking : design analysis and experimental investigation of the potential for mass reduction of friction brakes on a passenger car with regenerative braking." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5486.
Full textAbstract:
One of the benefits of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles (HVs) is their potential to recuperate braking energy. Regenerative braking (RB) will minimize duty levels on the brakes, giving advantages including extended brake rotor and friction material life and, more significantly, reduced brake mass and minimised brake pad wear. In this thesis, a mathematical analysis (MATLAB) has been used to analyse the accessibility of regenerative braking energy during a single-stop braking event. The results have indicated that a friction brake could be downsized while maintaining the same functional requirements of the vehicle braking in the standard brakes, including thermomechanical performance (heat transfer coefficient estimation, temperature distribution, cooling and stress deformation). This would allow lighter brakes to be designed and fitted with confidence in a normal passenger car alongside a hybrid electric drive. An approach has been established and a lightweight brake disc design analysed FEA and experimentally verified is presented in this research. Thermal performance was a key factor which was studied using the 3D model in FEA simulations. Ultimately, a design approach for lightweight brake discs suitable for use in any car-sized hybrid vehicle has been developed and tested. The results from experiments on a prototype lightweight brake disc were shown to illustrate the effects of RBS/friction combination in terms of weight reduction. The design requirement, including reducing the thickness, would affect the temperature distribution and increase stress at the critical area. Based on the relationship obtained between rotor weight, thickness and each performance requirement, criteria have been established for designing lightweight brake discs in a vehicle with regenerative braking.
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Hasenpusch, Jan, Andreas Hildebrand, and Thomas Vietor. "Erarbeitung eines Beziehungssystems zur Entwicklung eigenschaftsoptimierter Karosseriekonzepte in Mischbauweise [Präsentationsfolien]." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-214001.
Full textAbstract:
Motivation
- Komplexe Anforderungen an die Karosserie
- Unbekannte Auswirkungen von Parametervariationen in der frühen Phase
- Informationsdefizit führt zu Iterationsschleifen
Ziel
Beurteilung der Auswirkung von Parametervariationen von Werkstoffen, Produktionsverfahren, Geometrien auf die Karosserie-Eigenschaften
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Poulikidou, Sofia. "Assessing design strategies for improved life cycle environmental performance of vehicles." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Miljöstrategisk analys (fms), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192536.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicle manufactures have adopted different strategies for improving the environmental performance of their fleet including lightweight design and alternative drivetrains such as EVs. Both strategies reduce energy during use but may result in a relative increase of the impact during other stages. To address this, a lifecycle approach is needed when vehicle design strategies are developed. The thesis explores the extent that such a lifecycle approach is adopted today and assesses the potential of these strategies to reduce the lifecycle impact of vehicles. Moreover it aims to contribute to method development for lifecycle considerations during product development and material selection. Current practices were explored in an empirical study with four vehicle manufacturers. The availability of tools for identifying, monitoring and assessing design strategies was explored in a literature review. The results of the empirical study showed that environmental considerations during product development often lack a lifecycle perspective. Regarding the use of tools a limited number of such tools were utilized systematically by the studied companies despite the numerous tools available in literature. The influence of new design strategies on the lifecycle environmental performance of vehicles was assessed in three case studies; two looking into lightweight design and one at EVs. Both strategies resulted in energy and GHG emissions savings though the impact during manufacturing increases due to the advanced materials used. Assumptions relating to the operating conditions of the vehicle e.g. lifetime distance or for EVs the carbon intensity of the energy mix, influence the level of this tradeoff. Despite its low share in terms of environmental impact EOL is important in the overall performance of vehicles. The thesis contributed to method development by suggesting a systematic approach for material selection. The approach combines material and environmental analysis tools thus increases the possibilities for lifecycle improvements while minimizing risk for sub-optimizations.QC 20160920
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Jonsson, Robert. "Life cycle energy optimization as a tool to compare and evaluate the optimal design in the automotive industry." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-285759.
Full textAbstract:
Fiber reinforced plastics are composite materials that offer a lower weight, while still mechanically perform at least as good as conventional materials such as steel. This makes them attractive for the automotive industry since the implementation of them in e.g. a car frame would enable the manufacturers to sell a more fuel efficient vehicle to the customer. The manufacturing of composites is however more energy intense than for steel and the recycling capabilities are limited. This encourages the car designer to regard the product from a macro-perspective, spanning from the extraction of the resources needed to produce the material, to the phase where the product which the material constitutes is disposed. By analyzing such a macro-perspective, the life cycle energy of a product system can be estimated. Since the life cycle energy is correlated to the component design, an optimization problem can be established where the objective function to be minimized is the total life cycle energy. The component design can be expressed in terms of optimization design variables, yielding that the minimum energy is achieved by the optimal design. This methodology is called life cycle energy optimization (LCEO). The aim of this thesis is to apply this method and present a comparison between different materials and recycling strategies for a load carrying frame component provided by Volvo Cars. The materials studied are carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP), glass fiber sheet moulding compound (GF-SMC) and conventional steel. A Python model consisting of five life cycle phases where each phase was described by a function was implemented. Each function uses the component geometry and material properties as an input and gives the energy of the phase as an output. By summing the outputted energies, the life cycle energy is obtained. The distribution of the results is visualized with bar plots. The results show that the least energy demanding option is to manufacture the component in GF-SMC and process the end-of-life product mechanically. If the fiber degradation is taken into account, the most efficient strategy is to manufacture the component in CFRP and recycle it using solvolysis. This thesis shows that the LCEO methodology can be used as a tool for designers to include the recyclability in an early phase of the product development. Future challenges concern the development of industrial recycling of fiber reinforced plastics where the fiber degradation is minimized.Fiberförstärkta polymerplaster är kompositmaterial som erbjuder en lägre vikt än konventionella material som stål, samtidigt som de bibehåller den mekaniska prestandan. Detta gör dem intressanta för fordonsindustrin då nyttjandet av dem skulle möjliggöra tillverkare att sälja bränsleeffektivare bilar. Tillverkningen av sådana kompositer är dock mer energikrävande än den för stål och deras återvinningsmöjligheter är begränsade. Detta skapar för fordonsformgivaren ett incitament att beakta produkten i ett makroperspektiv som sträcker sig från utvinningen av naturresurserna för att skapa materialet, till slutskedet av produktens avsedda användning. Genom att bestämma hur den ackumulerade energin är fördelad i ett sådant makroperspektiv kan den total livscykelenergin beräknas. Eftersom livscykelenergin är kopplad till komponentens formgivning, kan ett optimeringsproblem med livscykelenergin som målfunktion att minimeras ställas upp. Komponentens formgivning kan uttryckas som optimeringsproblemets designvariabler. Den design som ger den lägsta livscykelenergin blir därmed den optimala formgivningen. Denna metod kallas livscykelenergioptimering (LCEO). Målet med detta examensarbete är att tillämpa denna metod på en lastbärande bilkomponent tillhandahållen av Volvo Cars och genomföra en jämförelseanalys mellan olika material samt återvinningsstrategier. Materialen som undersöks är kolfiberförstärkt härdplastkompist (CFRP), sheet moulding compound med glasfiber (GF-SMC) och konventionellt stål. Den Pythonimplementerade modellen består av fem livscykelfaser där varje fas uttrycks om en funktion med komponentgeomterin samt materialegenskaperna som indata och ger energiåtgången för fasen som utdata. Genom att summera energierna erhålls livscykelenergin och genom att presentera resultaten i ett stapeldiagram kan livscykelenergidistributionen visualiseras. Resultaten visar att det minst energikrävande alternativet är att tillverka komponenten i GF-SMC och återvinna produkten genom mekanisk bearbetning. Om hänsyn tas till fiberslitage blir den optimala lösningen att tillverka komponenten i CFRP och återvinna den genom solvolys. Detta arbete visar att LCEO- metoden, i ett tidigt skede, kan användas som ett verktyg av formgivare för att inkludera hur väl en produkt kan återvinnas. Framtida utmaningar består av att utveckla återvinningen av fiberförstärkta härdplaster industriellt, så att fiberslitaget minimeras.
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Christensen, J. "Topology optimisation of structures exposed to large (non-linear) deformations." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/7c0729ce-e19c-414c-9542-c39527d54752/1.
Full textAbstract:
PhD by portfolio. Research aim: To investigate if topology optimisation can be used for the development of mechanical structures exposed to large (non-linear) deformations. Research objectives: 1. Analyse and critically evaluate the potential for using state of the art commercially available Finite Element software (and associated topology optimisation algorithms) for topology optimisation of structures exposed to large-deformations. 2. Based on 1 (where feasible) suggest, develop and critically appraise opportunities, methodologies and tools for enhancing the accuracy and precision of current state of the art topology optimisation algorithms for non-linear applications. 3. Based on the outcomes of 1 and 2 define / refine and integrate a topology optimisation algorithm / methodology with enhanced levels of accuracy for structures exposed to large (non-linear) deformations. 4. Critically analyse and assess the outcomes of the tool developed in 3 to competing algorithms and “sound engineering judgement” using case-studies and objectively evaluate the potential for further development/refinement of the proposed algorithm/methodology.
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Berglund, Tobias. "Evaluation of Fuel Saving for an Airline." Thesis, Mälardalen University, Department of Mathematics and Physics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-586.
Full textAbstract:
A study of which methods and measures that can be used to reduce fuel consumption and harmful discharges in an airline.
The study begins with an investigation containing calculations of the differences between estimated fuel consumption calculated by a computer program called Skytrack and actual fuel consumption. Results from this study allows synchronization between actual consumption with calculated consumption. In addition to this methods and configurations to reduce weight and thus weight onboard aircrafts e.g. carpet exchange, lightweight trolleys and water reduction has been created and analysed.
To bring the thesis to an end, the author has investigated other methods and configurations which TUIfly Nordic is implementing for fuel conservation.
The thesis results in several conceivable areas for fuel conservation with calculated savings of 830 000 EUR which for the moment is implemented in TUIFly Nordic.
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Klemt, Christian. "Verfahrensentwicklung zur Einbringung endlosfaserverstärkter Thermoplaste in metallische Strukturen mittels Patchen." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-218647.
Full textAbstract:
Im Automobilbau kommt zunehmend das sog. Multimaterial-Design zum Einsatz, um kostenattraktiven Leichtbau in Großserienanwendungen umzusetzen und das Leichtbaupotential von strukturellen Bauteilen in bislang meist monolithischer Bauweise zu erweitern. Die Patch-technologie, bei der die Strukturertüchtigung durch die lokale und anforderungsgerechte Einbringung von endlosfaserverstärkten Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden (FKV) in dünnwandige metallische Bauteile erfolgt, ist eine zielführende Technologie, um einen hohen Leichtbaugrad zu generieren. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt dabei die dauerhafte, flächige Verbindung von Metall und thermoplastbasiertem FKV (TP-FKV) dar. Da die verwendeten Werkstoffe keine hinreichende chemische Kompatibilität aufweisen, wurden bislang Klebstoffe als Fügehilfsstoff genutzt, wodurch jedoch zusätzliche Prozessschritte notwendig wurden und damit verbunden häufig höhere Prozesszeiten auftraten.
In dieser Arbeit werden Möglichkeiten zur Kompatibilisierung der beiden, das hybride Bauteil kennzeichnenden, Werkstoffkomponenten erarbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt wird dazu auf die Entwicklung und Charakterisierung einer inlinefähigen Vorbehandlungsmethode des metallischen Fügepartners in Kombination mit einer Modifikation des thermoplastischen FKV-Halbzeugs bzw. dessen Matrixsystems gelegt. Dabei werden die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Vorbehandlungen und zugeordneter Vorbehandlungsparameter auf die physikalische und chemische Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des Metalls und das Haftniveau im TP-FKV/Metallverbund untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden mit Hilfe von Füllstoffen und Additiven verschiedene chemische Veränderungen des thermoplastischen Matrixsystems vorgenommen und deren Auswirkung auf die Adhäsion zwischen den Verbundpartnern charakteri-siert. Für die Anwendung des Verbundsystems TP-FKV/Metall in einem Automobil werden neben hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften (Verbundfestigkeit) insbesondere sehr gute Temperatur-, Klimawechsel- und Korrosionsbeständigkeiten gefordert, die in praxisnahen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zur prozessintegrativen Anpassung der Komponenten des Werkstoffverbundes werden anschließend in die Praxis übertragen. Dafür wird ein seriennaher Fertigungsprozess entwickelt und prototypisch umgesetzt. Der Einfluss der grundlegenden Prozessparameter Druck, Temperatur und Zeit auf die Güte der Verbindung wird evaluiert. Einfache bauteilnahe Demonstratoren werden genutzt, um die Tauglichkeit der Verbundstrategie und des entwickelten Fertigungskonzeptes der TP-FKV-Patchtechnologie für deren wirtschaftliche Anwendung in der Großserienfertigung im Umfeld der Automobilindustrie nachzuweisen.
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KHAGHANI, ALI. "MANUFACTURING OF MATERIAL BASED HYDROGEN FUEL FOR LIGHTWEIGHT VEHICLES." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613155.
Full textAbstract:
Vehicles powered by hydrogen fuel cells store hydrogen as a cooled liquid at 20 degrees kelvin
or a compressed gas at 10,000 pounds per square inch. An alternative that eliminates the need
for these extremes of temperature and pressure is to heat a compound containing covalently
bonded hydrogen, causing it to release the hydrogen to the fuel cell. Ammonia borane, which is
stable at ambient conditions, requires minimal energy for dehydrogenation, and is rich in
hydrogen, is a possible storage medium for hydrogen. If a viable storage system could be
engineered, demand for ammonia borane as a source of hydrogen would increase. The goal of
this project is to develop a processing plant and to optimize design specifications for scaling up
processing of ammonia borane through the metathesis reaction pathway. Optimization of
individual unit operations was determined using quality-by-design concepts, which allowed the
team to confirm scalability, design limitations, and competitive market pricing. The final design
involves the application of two mixers, two reactors, and four separators. The plant design
should yield 99 percent pure ammonia borane.
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Pearson, Matthew. "Development of lightweight structural health monitoring systems for aerospace applications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/47104/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the development of structural health monitoring systems (SHM) for aerospace applications. The work focuses on each aspect of a SHM system covering novel transducer technologies and damage detection techniques to detect and locate damage in metallic and composite structures. Secondly the potential of energy harvesting and power arranagement methodologies to provide a stable power source is assessed. Finally culminating in the realisation of smart SHM structures. 1. Transducer Technology A thorough experimental study of low profile, low weight novel transducers not normally used for acoustic emission (AE) and acousto-ultrasonics (AU) damage detection was conducted. This included assessment of their performance when exposed to aircraft environments and feasibility of embedding these transducers in composites specimens in order to realise smart structures. 2. Damage Detection An extensive experimental programme into damage detection utilising AE and AU were conducted in both composites and metallic structures. These techniques were used to assess different damage mechanism within these materials. The same transducers were used for novel AE location techniques coupled with AU similarity assessment to successfully detect and locate damage in a variety of structures. 3. Energy Harvesting and Power Management Experimental investigations and numerical simulations were undertaken to assess the power generation levels of piezoelectric and thermoelectric generators for typical vibration and temperature differentials which exist in the aerospace environment. Furthermore a power management system was assessed to demonstrate the ability of the system to take the varying nature of the input power and condition it to a stable power source for a system. 4. Smart Structures The research conducted is brought together into a smart carbon fibre wing showcasing the novel embedded transducers for AE and AU damage detection and location, as well as vibration energy harvesting. A study into impact damage detection using the techniques showed the successful detection and location of damage. Also the feasibility of the embedded transducers for power generation was assessed.
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Yao, Jerry Wei-Hua. "IDK : an Interaction Development Kit to design interactions for lightweight autonomous vehicles." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127725.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2019Cataloged from PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 78-80).
Various studies have demonstrated that privately owned cars will become significantly less prevalent in the city in the next 10 to 15 years. Other efficient alternatives for mobility platforms within the city are in demand around the world. One example is the emergence of the PEV (Persuasive Electric Vehicle), an agile autonomous bike-sharing platform (M Lin, 2015). Based on this trend, it is reasonable to anticipate that increasingly more mobility systems of different forms will emerge in urban areas in the future. These new mobility systems might not necessarily be similar to cars; they may instead be a new class of social robot that could blend into the city more seamlessly. Moreover, when there is no longer a driver within each vehicle, designing human-machine interface (HMI) that is simple for users to process will be more important than ever.
For example, if a pedestrian encounters a lightweight autonomous vehicle for which it is apparent that no one is in the vehicle, how can the pedestrian understand the intention of the vehicle? And how can we, as designers, make this more intuitive and seamless? This thesis presents IDK, which is an Interaction Development Kit equipped with essential tools to help facilitate the design and prototyping process. IDK could be physically installed in PEVs, thereby enabling designers and developers to prototype human-machine interactions in a rapid and intuitive manner. This thesis also identifies multiple situations that a lightweight autonomous vehicle may encounter while navigating through streets and proposes a range of interactions that can tackle these problems. All prototypes from this thesis are based on the latest version of the PEV as an interactive platform.
The proposed interactions are evaluated through outdoor testing as well as indoor exhibitions to determine how people respond to these new norms of communication. My hope is that the results of this thesis will provide useful insights for designers and developers who seek to develop interactions that allow humans to seamlessly interact with lightweight autonomous vehicles.
by Jerry Wei-Hua Yao.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences
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Huang, Xiaoyu. "Real-Time Parameter Estimations and Control System Designs for Lightweight Electric Ground Vehicles." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403261078.
Full text
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Rohlfing, Jens. "Decentralised velocity feedback control for thin homogeneous and lightweight sandwich panels." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/69861/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents theoretical and experimental studies on decentralised velocity feedback control for thin homogeneous and lightweight sandwich panels. This research is motivated by the increasing interest in lightweight design for fuel efficient transportation vehicles. Lightweight sandwich panels are very appealing due to their high stiffness to weight ratio but also exhibit undesirable sound transmission properties which could cause problems with vehicle interior noise. The aim of this work is to assess the performance of decentralised velocity feedback control on lightweight sandwich panels. The first part of this thesis presents the theoretical model used to predict the structural response, sound radiation and sound transmission through active panels with decentralised velocity feedback loops. The model is then used in simulation studies on the intrinsic limitation of decentralised feedback control for thin homogeneous and sandwich active panels under distributed deterministic and stochastic excitations in the whole audio frequency range. The results suggest that decentralised velocity feedback control on lightweight sandwich panels is more efficient and can be applied over wider range of audio frequencies than for conventional thin homogeneous panels. The second part of this thesis presents experimental and simulation studies on a control system with five decentralised control units with proof-mass electrodynamic actuators, installed on conventional aluminium panel and a honeycomb sandwich panel. This study provides insight in the open and closed-loop response of the control units and gives a good understanding of the interaction between the panels and the control system. The results suggest that a practical control system that implements decentralised velocity feedback can offset some of the undesired sound transmission properties of lightweight sandwich structures by efficiently reducing structural vibration and sound power radiation in the mid audio frequency range.
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Schennings, Jacob. "Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Real-Time Single Frame Monocular Depth Estimation." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för systemteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-336923.
Full textAbstract:
Vision based active safety systems have become more frequently occurring in modern vehicles to estimate depth of the objects ahead and for autonomous driving (AD) and advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). In this thesis a lightweight deep convolutional neural network performing real-time depth estimation on single monocular images is implemented and evaluated. Many of the vision based automatic brake systems in modern vehicles only detect pre-trained object types such as pedestrians and vehicles. These systems fail to detect general objects such as road debris and roadside obstacles. In stereo vision systems the problem is resolved by calculating a disparity image from the stereo image pair to extract depth information. The distance to an object can also be determined using radar and LiDAR systems. By using this depth information the system performs necessary actions to avoid collisions with objects that are determined to be too close. However, these systems are also more expensive than a regular mono camera system and are therefore not very common in the average consumer car. By implementing robust depth estimation in mono vision systems the benefits from active safety systems could be utilized by a larger segment of the vehicle fleet. This could drastically reduce human error related traffic accidents and possibly save many lives. The network architecture evaluated in this thesis is more lightweight than other CNN architectures previously used for monocular depth estimation. The proposed architecture is therefore preferable to use on computationally lightweight systems. The network solves a supervised regression problem during the training procedure in order to produce a pixel-wise depth estimation map. The network was trained using a sparse ground truth image with spatially incoherent and discontinuous data and output a dense spatially coherent and continuous depth map prediction. The spatially incoherent ground truth posed a problem of discontinuity that was addressed by a masked loss function with regularization. The network was able to predict a dense depth estimation on the KITTI dataset with close to state-of-the-art performance.
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Valencia, Vargas Erick Rodrigo, and Sánchez Holman Aliga. "Plan de negocio para la creación de una empresa de servicio de lavado automatizado de vehiculos livianos en Lima." Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656678.
Full textAbstract:
Se presenta la siguiente tesis en base a la conceptualización, estudio, análisis y conclusiones sobre la necesidad y oportunidad de negocio para implementar una empresa dedicada al lavado de vehículos menores; aplicando tecnología con muy poca a casi nula presencia en el mercado local para llevarlo a cabo consiguiendo resultados económicos bastante optimistas que de por si aseguran la viabilidad del negocio propuesto.
Según los análisis de mercado, estrategia del mismo negocio y con un plan comercial establecido; el proyecto tiene como punto de partida el querer cubrir una necesidad de clientes que asisten a negocios similares donde el proceso es manual hasta rustico en muchos casos donde se observa que el factor tangible tiempo / precio son una marcada deficiencia en muchos de ellos.
Se presenta también una proyección de producción en base a un número de vehículos por día a ser atendidos que generen una rentabilidad asociada a la necesidad de amortización de capital, gastos operativos, de personal hasta quizás podría estimarse una ampliación si fuera el caso a futuro de incremento del parque automotor en el país que actualmente presenta buenas expectativas.
Por último, las conclusiones donde se detalla el resultado de analizar las distintas variables que pueden afectar el desarrollo del negocio, la necesidad de un adecuado plan de marketing así como de mercado, la importancia del lugar de operaciones, la principal característica diferenciada del negocio (lavado automatizado de vehículos) y lo que representa como visión en un público necesitado de éste tipo de servicios.The following thesis is presented based on the conceptualization, study, analysis and conclusions about the need and business opportunity to implement a company dedicated to washing minor vehicles; applying technology with very little to almost no presence in the local market to carry it out, achieving quite optimistic economic results that in themselves ensure the viability of the proposed business. According to market analysis, the same business strategy and an established business plan; The starting point of the project is to meet the need of clients who attend similar businesses where the process is manual to rustic in many cases where it is observed that the tangible time / price factor is a marked deficiency in many of them. A production projection is also presented based on a number of vehicles per day to be served that generate a profitability associated with the need for capital amortization, operating expenses, personnel, even perhaps an expansion could be estimated if it were the case in the future of Increase in the number of vehicles in the country, which currently has good expectations. Finally, the conclusions detailing the result of analyzing the different variables that can affect the development of the business, the need for an adequate marketing and market plan, the importance of the place of operations, the main differentiated characteristic of the business ( automated vehicle washing) and what it represents as a vision in a public in need of this type of services.
Tesis
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Liang, Hong-Yi, and 梁弘一. "Multi-class Vehicle Type Detection and Classification based on Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5yzvaw.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
資訊工程系
106
According to the statisitcs from Ministry of Transportation and Communications, there are currently about 7 million vehicles and more than 14 million motorbikes in Taiwan. The numbers of deaths per years in traffic accidents is about 2,000 and about 200,000 are injured. 77% of accidents are caused by driver’s mistakes, so vehicle identification is very important in ADAS, which can accurately identify the objects that may appear on the road, not only helps the driver understand the traffic conditions, but also improves driving safety. This thesis mainly studies the on-road vehicle type and pedestrian identification at night, and proposed a high-efficiency multi-class vehicle and pedestrian detection system suitable for most nighttime situations, with a lightweight convolutional neural network combined with video stream and is able to run on the embedded system not only improves the convolution method that requires a large amount of computing resources, but also solves the problem of poor detection of the current vehicle type and pedestrian detection system at night, and hopes to achieve the purpose of developing smart driving in the future. This thesis proposed a lightweight deep learing approach, which is based on the Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) framework and a lightweight convolutional neural network designed specifically to minimize model size while maintaining object detection performance. The detection time of the PC has also increased from the original 40 FPS to 150 FPS, and the resulting lightweight SSD possess a model size of 22.5 MB (the VGG16-SSD model size is 98.2 MB). The lightweight SSD can be designed for embedded system with the same accuracy, solved the problem that the VGG16-SSD model is too large and cannot be implemented on the embedded system.
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Soo, Vi Kie. "Life Cycle Impact of Different Joining Decisions on Vehicle Recycling." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/143902.
Full textAbstract:
Stricter vehicle emission legislation has driven significant
reduction in environmental impact of the vehicle use phase
through increasing use of lightweight materials and
multi-material concepts to reduce the vehicle mass. The joining
techniques used for joining multi-material designs has led to
reduction in efficiency of the current shredder-based recycling
practices. This thesis quantifies this reduction in efficiency
using data captured from industrial recycling trials.
Life Cycle Assessment has been widely used to assess the
environmental impact throughout the vehicle life cycle stages.
Although there is significant research on material selection or
substitution to improve the vehicle’s carbon footprint, the
correlation between multi-material vehicle designs and the
material separation through commonly used shredding process is
not well captured in the current analysis. This thesis addresses
this gap using data captured from industrial trials to measure
the influence of different joining techniques on material
recycling efficiencies. The effects of material degradation due
to joining choices are examined using the life cycle analysis
including exergy losses to account for a closed-loop system. The
System Dynamics approach is then performed to demonstrate the
dynamic life cycle impact of joining choices used for new
multi-material vehicle designs.
Observations from the case studies conducted in Australia and
Europe showed that mechanical fasteners, particularly machine
screws, are increasingly used to join different material types
and are less likely to be perfectly liberated during the
shredding process. The characteristics of joints, such as joint
strength, material type, size, diameter, location, temperature
resistance, protrusion level, and surface smoothness, have an
influence on the material liberation in the current sorting
practices. Additionally, the liberation of joints is also
affected by the density and thickness of materials being joined.
The life cycle analysis including exergy losses shows a
significant environmental burden caused by the amount of
impurities and valuable material losses due to unliberated
joints. By measuring the influence of joints quantitatively, this
work has looked at the potential of improving the quality of
materials recycled from ELV to be reused in a closed-loop system.
The dynamic behaviours between the joining choices and their
delayed influence on material recycling efficiencies from the
life cycle perspective are performed using the data from case
studies. It shows that the short-term reduction in environmental
impact through multi-material structures is offset over the
long-term by the increasing impurities and valuable material
losses due to unliberated joints. The different vehicle recycling
systems can then be resembled using two widely known system
archetypes: “Fixes that Fail” and “Shifting the Burden”.
Despite the adoption of more rigorous recycling approaches, the
life cycle impact of different joining techniques on vehicle
recycling continue to exist. The enactment of strict regulations
in current ELV recycling systems is unable to solve the
underlying ELV waste problem, and only prolongs the delay in
material degradation due to joining choices. This work shows that
the choice of joining techniques used for multi-material vehicle
designs has a significant impact on the environmental performance
during the ELV recycling phase.
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Lin, Chia-Hung, and 林嘉宏. "A Study of Evaluation Photography Flight Path of Lightweight Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42509531398582070188.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
104
UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle) has been rapidly developed in recent years, and lightweight UAV is progressed very well in aerial photography application. The lightweight fixed-wing UAV is the most popular type for aerial photography because of its advantages more than satellite imagery and manned aircraft. The main purpose of aerial photography is to get the geographic information such as topographic map, DTM (digital terrain model), and DOM (digital orthophoto map). The quality of these maps is related to location accuracy, altitude accuracy, attitude, and flight speed of the UAV. These factors are affected by environmental conditions such as winds. In addition, the flying time and the number of flight tasks restrictions, and low light conditions will also affect the quality of aerial imagery. This study introduces six indicators to measure the quality of lightweight fixed-wing UAV’s flight path in different conditions and restrictions. The indicators are location accuracy, altitude accuracy, attitude, flight speed, total power consumption, and flight duration. This study uses the experimental method to evaluate the quality of lightweight fixed-wing UAV’s photography flight path by different constraints and wind directions. The experiment is designed as four flight path modes under the condition of the same number of waypoints, the same planned path, and the same path distance but different wind directions. The researcher uses a 1400mm wingspan UAV to perform the flight experiment by four modes in a flight task. After the flight task completed, the researcher analyzes the flight logs to estimate the wind direction and calculate six measurements of four modes, and then the researcher discusses and evaluates the relation between flight conditions and six indicators. Finally, according to the evaluation, some advices on flight path selection will be suggested in different flight conditions and restrictions.
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Weng, Chen-Wei, and 翁辰瑋. "A Study on Suspension System Design and Lightweight Analysis of Steering Knuckle for an Electric Vehicle." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45063168064598215088.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
車輛工程系所
104
In this thesis, the suspension system design analysis and the lightweight design analysis process of knuckle structure for a five-seat electric vehicle is proposed. The lightweight design analysis processes consist of suspension static loading analysis, kinematic analysis, force analysis, topology optimization analysis and finite element model analysis. In this study, the ABAQUS/TOSCA topology optimization software is used for the lightweight analysis of the knuckle structure. Three dimensional elastic-plastic finite element models are proposed for strength analyses of a knuckle structure. The effects of four different road pavement levels on the fatigue life of the knuckle structure are also investigated. The results show that the weight of the proposed knuckle structure is about 3.64 kg according to the lightweight design analysis process. Compared with the knuckle used for a ready-made five-passenger car, the weight reduction of the proposed knuckle is 6.2% with the same strength of knuckle strut arm and the same material. The simulation results indicate that the fatigue life of the knuckle structure is reduced as the road pavement level increases. The results also demonstrate that the fatigue lives of the proposed knuckle structure are 2.512×1011, 2.972×108, 5.598×103 and 2.432×101 cycles under the conditions of road level A, B, C and D, respectively.
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Bo-NengChuang and 莊博能. "Power Dispatch and Cost Analysis of a Hybrid Fuel Cell Vehicle with a Lightweight Methanol Reformer." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f5dkyy.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
化學工程學系
106
In recent years, emerging green energy technologies such as fuel cells are considered clean, environment friendly and highly efficient. At present, the development of fuel cell vehicles has received extensive attention worldwide. Due to limited hydrogen refueling stations, research has been directed towards addressing alternative ways to develop a hydrogen production system that can be integrated in a hybrid power system. This study aims to introduce a hydrogen processor that uses methanol to power the fuel cells of the car. One of the disadvantage is that the hydrogen processor will increase the weight and energy consumption. Therefore, this study finds the optimum configuration by analyzing the cost, hybrid ratio and fuel economy using the ADVISOR simulation software. The simulation method involves substituting the energy consumption and weight of the methanol to hydrogen processor into the software. Under fixed mileage, the results showed that the hybrid fuel cell vehicle is more expensive rather than the methanol to hydrogen processor in terms of capital or fuel cost and the higher the proportion of high-speed driving resulted to lower fuel cost. However, in terms of acceleration performance testing, the results showed that the hybrid fuel cell vehicle is better rather than the methanol to hydrogen processor. Moreover, the hybrid ratio of 0.6 demonstrates the lowest capital cost and highest fuel economy. Results shown above demonstrates the great potential of developing a hybrid fuel cell vehicle with a methanol to hydrogen processor.
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Lovatt, Ryan. "The development of a lightweight electric vehicle chassis and investigation into the suitability of TiA1 for automative applications." 2008. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20080222.153212/index.html.
Full text
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Lan, I.-Wei, and 藍亦維. "Design Method for Improving Torque Density of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Motor in Personal Lightweight Electric Vehicle." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47354592628003782308.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
99
Nowadays, there are many different vehicles in this world, bike, scooter, car, train, MRT system …etc. These kinds of vehicle almost cover user’s requirement. There is a new kind of vehicle called PLEV, personal lightweight electric vehicle, and it provides an easy means for the last-mile service. PLEV is foldable and portable EV. It has direct drive motor and lightweight structure. EV traction motors always reach torque command as power requirement. Higher torque command means more motor weight and volume, and it decrease battery performance in same vehicle space. It would be more consider in PLEV, because motor weight percent in vehicle is larger. The purpose of this research is to design a high torque density axial-flux motor which is lightweight and suitable for a PLEV. This research proposes a design method with software tools for improving torque density of axial-flux motor. The method is proposed that magnetic design to increase torque density and structure design to decrease motor structure weight. In this research, FEM software JMAG and ABAQUS are used to analysis magnetic and structure design. This research is also proposed motor design program to shorten design period. There are two points in this research. One is to finish motor parametric operation program to decrease magnet design period. That can also reduce design variables of sensitive analysis. Another is use ESO (evolution structure optimum) to analysis motor structure. After above, this research proposes PLEV motor, doing test and verify it to show research achievement.
46
De, Fluiter Travis. "Design of lightweight electric vehicles." 2008. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20080314.095748/index.html.
Full text
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Klemt, Christian. "Verfahrensentwicklung zur Einbringung endlosfaserverstärkter Thermoplaste in metallische Strukturen mittels Patchen." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30149.
Full textAbstract:
Im Automobilbau kommt zunehmend das sog. Multimaterial-Design zum Einsatz, um kostenattraktiven Leichtbau in Großserienanwendungen umzusetzen und das Leichtbaupotential von strukturellen Bauteilen in bislang meist monolithischer Bauweise zu erweitern. Die Patch-technologie, bei der die Strukturertüchtigung durch die lokale und anforderungsgerechte Einbringung von endlosfaserverstärkten Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden (FKV) in dünnwandige metallische Bauteile erfolgt, ist eine zielführende Technologie, um einen hohen Leichtbaugrad zu generieren. Eine besondere Herausforderung stellt dabei die dauerhafte, flächige Verbindung von Metall und thermoplastbasiertem FKV (TP-FKV) dar. Da die verwendeten Werkstoffe keine hinreichende chemische Kompatibilität aufweisen, wurden bislang Klebstoffe als Fügehilfsstoff genutzt, wodurch jedoch zusätzliche Prozessschritte notwendig wurden und damit verbunden häufig höhere Prozesszeiten auftraten.
In dieser Arbeit werden Möglichkeiten zur Kompatibilisierung der beiden, das hybride Bauteil kennzeichnenden, Werkstoffkomponenten erarbeitet. Der Schwerpunkt wird dazu auf die Entwicklung und Charakterisierung einer inlinefähigen Vorbehandlungsmethode des metallischen Fügepartners in Kombination mit einer Modifikation des thermoplastischen FKV-Halbzeugs bzw. dessen Matrixsystems gelegt. Dabei werden die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Vorbehandlungen und zugeordneter Vorbehandlungsparameter auf die physikalische und chemische Oberflächenbeschaffenheit des Metalls und das Haftniveau im TP-FKV/Metallverbund untersucht. Darüber hinaus werden mit Hilfe von Füllstoffen und Additiven verschiedene chemische Veränderungen des thermoplastischen Matrixsystems vorgenommen und deren Auswirkung auf die Adhäsion zwischen den Verbundpartnern charakteri-siert. Für die Anwendung des Verbundsystems TP-FKV/Metall in einem Automobil werden neben hohen mechanischen Eigenschaften (Verbundfestigkeit) insbesondere sehr gute Temperatur-, Klimawechsel- und Korrosionsbeständigkeiten gefordert, die in praxisnahen Untersuchungen nachgewiesen werden. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse zur prozessintegrativen Anpassung der Komponenten des Werkstoffverbundes werden anschließend in die Praxis übertragen. Dafür wird ein seriennaher Fertigungsprozess entwickelt und prototypisch umgesetzt. Der Einfluss der grundlegenden Prozessparameter Druck, Temperatur und Zeit auf die Güte der Verbindung wird evaluiert. Einfache bauteilnahe Demonstratoren werden genutzt, um die Tauglichkeit der Verbundstrategie und des entwickelten Fertigungskonzeptes der TP-FKV-Patchtechnologie für deren wirtschaftliche Anwendung in der Großserienfertigung im Umfeld der Automobilindustrie nachzuweisen.:1 Motivation
1.1 Einleitung und Problemstellung
1.2 Zielsetzung und Lösungsansatz
2 Theoretische Grundlagen und Stand der Technik
2.1 TP-FKV/Metall-Verbunde
2.2 Fügetechnik von TP-FKV/Metall-Verbunden
2.3 Adhäsion in stoffschlüssigen FKV/Metall-Verbunden
2.3.1 Mechanische Adhäsion
2.3.2 Spezifische Adhäsion
2.3.2.1 Chemische Adhäsion (Chemisorption)
2.3.2.2 Adsorptionstheorie
2.3.2.3 Polarisationstheorie
2.4 Grenzschichtmodell des TP-FKV/Metall-Verbundes
2.4.1 Interleaf-Konzept
2.4.2 Wirkung von siliziumorganischen Verbindungen in der Grenzfläche
2.4.3 Grenzschichtmodell
2.5 Oberflächenbehandlung von Substraten
2.6 Methoden der Haftungsprüfung
2.7 Methoden zur Analyse von Kunststoffen
2.8 Prüfverfahren zur Alterung automobiler Bauteile
2.9 Verfahren zur prozessintegrativen Herstellung hybrider Bauteile
3 FKV-Patchen als hybride Leichtbautechnologie
3.1 Duroplastpatchtechnologie
3.2 Thermoplastpatchtechnologie
3.3 Ableitung der Notwendigkeit zur Eigenentwicklung
3.3.1 Einsatzpotentiale der TP-FKV-Patchtechnologie
3.3.2 Anforderungen an TP-FKV/Metall-Bauteile für automobile Rohbauanwendungen
3.3.3 Schlussfolgerung zur Eigenentwicklung
4 Konzeption eines Fertigungsprozesses für TP-FKV/Metall-Verbunde
4.1 Vorüberlegungen zum Fertigungsprozess
4.2 Voruntersuchungen
4.2.1 Strategien zur Herstellung von TP-FKV/Metall-Hybridverbunden
4.2.2 Schlussfolgerungen zur Herstellung von FKV/Metall-Hybridverbunden
5 Funktionalisierung der Komponenten des Hybridverbundes
5.1 Modifikation der metallischen Verbundkomponente
5.1.1 Vorbehandlungsmethoden
5.1.2 Einfluss der Vorbehandlung auf die Haftung im TP-FKV/Metall-Verbund
5.1.3 Zusammenfassung zur Vorbehandlung der metallischen Komponente
5.2 Modifikation des thermoplastischen Matrixwerkstoffs
5.2.1 Anforderungen an die Modifikation
5.2.2 Materialauswahl zur Modifikation des TP-FKV-Matrixwerkstoffs
5.2.3 Herstellung modifizierter Thermoplasthalbzeuge
5.2.4 Eigenschaften modifizierter Thermoplasthalbzeuge
5.2.5 Einfluss der Thermoplastmodifikation auf die Verbundfestigkeit
5.2.6 Zusammenfassung zur Modifikation des thermoplastischen Matrixwerkstoffs
5.3 Übertragung der Laborerkenntnisse auf einen praxisgerechten Prozess
5.3.1 Vorbehandlung des metallischen Substrats mittels SaCo-Saugstrahlen
5.3.2 Herstellung matrixmodifizierter TP-FKV-Halbzeuge
5.3.3 Charakterisierung der Verbundfestigkeit von TP-FKV/Metall-Hybridverbunden
5.3.4 Zusammenfassung der Verbundstrategie des TP-FKV/Metall Hybridverbundes
6 Entwicklung eines durchgängigen und seriennahen Produktionsprozesses und Nachweis der Praxisfähigkeit am Beispiel eines Technologiedemonstrators
6.1 Serienkonzept
6.2 Ableitung eines Technologiedemonstrators
6.3 Anlagentechnik
6.4 Fertigungsparameter zur Herstellung des Technologiedemonstrators
6.5 Abhängigkeit der Randschichtausbildung von der Profilgeometrie
6.6 Einfluss des automobilen Fertigungsprozesses auf die Bauteilmaßhaltigkeit
6.7 Validierung des Technologiedemonstrators
7 Zusammenfassung
Literaturverzeichnis
Anhang
A Schneckenkonfiguration und Extrusionsparameter zur Herstellung modifizierter PA6-Granulate
B Extrusionsparameter zur Herstellung modifizierter PA6-Folien
C Untersuchung der rheologischen, thermischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften von modifiziertem Polyamid 6
C1. Rheologische Eigenschaften – Bestimmung der Scherviskosität
C2. Mechanische Eigenschaften – temperaturabhängiger Elastizitätsmodul
C3. Thermisches Ausdehnungsverhalten – Bestimmung des differentiellen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten
D Bruchverhalten randschichtmodifizierter FKV-Halbzeuge im TP-FKV/Metall-Verbund
E Mikroskopie gepatchter Demonstratorprofile
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Ming, Ying Hsieh, and 謝明穎. "Design and Analysis of Lightweight Chassis for Solar City Vehicles." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78593661242439021807.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
模具系碩士在職專班
101
The purpose of this study is to explore the design and analysis of lightweight chassis for solar city vehicles. Based on the design of Apollo solar cars of KUAS, the carbon fiber composite materials, applied to the chassis of the sport car, is used for the lightweight chassis in the study. The method of the research is using computer-aided engineering design software Solid Works to draw the model of lightweight chassis and to calculate the displacement of the material by finite element analysis software ANSYS. There are four kinds of thickness for the carbon-fiber layer, and four kinds of thickness for composite honey-comb core to form the sandwich structure for the lightweight chassis. Under the eight kinds of different material pattern, the numerical simulation can carry out the static strain distribution. To estimate the weight of chassis by using the steel and the aluminum alloy material, It can be observed the lightweight benefit of the carbon fiber composite materials applied to the lightweight chassis model which is the steel: 306.97 kg , the aluminum: 175.98 kg, and the carbon fiber composite materials: 25.80 kg. The results shows it is first choice the carbon fiber composite materials for the lightweight chassis. In addition, to enhance the structure of lightweight chassis, the rib set on strategical location could have bigger benefit. It found that is only need three layers (0.6 mm in thickness) of carbon fiber composite materials laminated with core material, 10 mm honeycomb board to achieve the expected strength. It appears the weight of lightweight chassis structural optimization is only 17.96 kg. The most value of this research is an example to develop the lightweight chassis for solar city vehicles.
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(10929852), Wei-Cheng Hsu. "Lightweight Cyberattack Intrusion Detection System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Recurrent Neural Networks." Thesis, 2021.
Find full textAbstract:
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have gained more attention in recent years because of their ability to execute various missions. However, recent works have identified vulnerabilities in UAV systems that make them more readily prone to cyberattacks. In this work, the vulnerabilities in the communication channel between the UAV and ground control station are exploited to implement cyberattacks, specifically, the denial of service and false data injection attacks. Unlike other related studies that implemented attacks in simulations, we demonstrate the actual implementation of these attacks on a Holybro S500 quadrotor with PX4 autopilot firmware and MAVLink communication protocol.
The goal was to create a lightweight intrusion detection system (IDS) that leverages recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to accurately detect cyberattacks, even when implemented on a resource-constrained platform. Different types of RNNs, including simple RNNs, long short-term memory, gated recurrent units, and simple recurrent units, were trained and tested on actual experimental data. A recursive feature elimination approach was carried out on selected features to remove redundant features and to create a lighter RNN IDS model. We also studied the resource consumption of these RNNs on an Arduino Uno board, the lowest-cost companion computer that can be implemented with PX4 autopilot firmware and Pixhawk autopilot boards. The results show that a simple RNN has the best accuracy while also satisfying the constraints of the selected computer.
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Camboa, André Magalhães Sá. "Development of lightweight and cost-efficient exterior body panels for electric vehicles." Doctoral thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/83542.
Full text