Relevant bibliographies by topics / LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT

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Academic literature on the topic 'LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT"

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Kongnok, Rungphet, Thanakorn Pummaitong, and Boonyang Plangklang. "Five-Year Performance of an ESE Lightning Protection System for a Large Scale PV Power Plant in Thailand." Symmetry 13, no. 11 (November 6, 2021): 2106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13112106.

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This article presents a five-year performance review of an early streamer emission (ESE) air terminal lightning protection system for a large scale PV power plant in Thailand. The comparison effect of a Franklin lightning protection system and the ESE lightning protection system was analyzed for the PV power plant. The ESE lightning protection system was selected to be implemented in the PV power plant. The capacity of the PV power plant studied was 8 MWp on an area of 150,000 square meters in the Nong Ya Plong district, Phetchaburi province, Western Thailand. A Franklin lightning rod type was also designed to be implemented in this PV power plant. The Franklin lightning rod type comprised 122 pieces but the ESE lightning rod type consisted of only 11 pieces. The conceptual design of the Franklin rod type followed the standard of the Council of Engineers, Thailand, and the ESE lightning rod type followed the NFC17102 standard of France. The estimated cost of installation was a key comparison to select the lightning protection system; the total installation cost of the Franklin lightning rod type was USD 197,363.80 and the ESE lightning rod type was USD 44,338.06. The lightning system was applied to the lightning arrester in the power plant to provide good protection, in which the balance of the pole to the mounting position is required to optimize the system performance. The result of the simulation also showed that the shading effects of the Franklin rod type were greater than the ESE rod type. The installation cost of the Franklin lightning rod type was 4.45 times more expensive than the ESE lightning rod type. Therefore, the ESE lightning protection system was selected to be implemented in the PV power plant. From the recorded data of the five-year performance of the ESE lightning protection system (2016–2020), there were three occurrences of a lightning strike on the PV power plant. The ESE lightning protection system effectively protected and prevented the lightning strike to the PV power plant. This study can help and support with the selection of a lightning system for the protection of large scale PV power plants in the future.
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WU, CHUANQI, SHIJUN XIE, FEI QI, BEIBEI LI, JUNBIAO WAN, and JUNJIA HE. "EFFECT OF CORONA DISCHARGES ON THE INCEPTION OF POSITIVE UPWARD LEADER-STREAMER SYSTEM." International Journal of Modern Physics B 27, no. 28 (October 15, 2013): 1350165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979213501658.

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The critical-charge criterion of the stem-leader transition and the shielding effects of space charges on the streamer inception are two most contested issues on the inception of positive upward leader–streamer system (LSS). In this paper, a series of simulation experiments on the LSS inception were designed and carried out. A new critical-charge criterion in the range of 0.2–0.3 μC was proposed, and the previous criterion of 1.0 μC was proved to be harsh. The shielding effect of positive space charges on the streamer inception was verified directly by the experiment results. A theoretical formula for calculating the LSS inception voltage by the first-corona inception voltage was obtained. An appropriate first-corona inception time for getting an earlier LSS inception was proved to be existent. At last, the effects of the so-called improved lightning rods, such as the early streamer emission rod (ESE) and the controllable lightning rod (CL), were discussed, and it seemed that they would not help to extend the protective zones of the lightning rods.
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Khechekhouche, Ali. "The profile of the electric field on the earth discontinuity with a lightning conductor." International Journal of Energetica 1, no. 1 (December 18, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47238/ijeca.v1i1.8.

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In this paper, we present some results of investigations carried out in the electric field distribution of both horizontal and vertical lightning conductors in the case of discontinuous earth. The conductors may be situated as well as in the upper or the lower earth part. The electric field distribution was determined in the case of lightning conductor situated between the high voltage rod and the discontinuity (interface) and also in the case of high voltage rod situated between the lightning conductor and the discontinuity. In some situations the electric field distribution on the plan are smaller than defined by the electro-geometrical model. We attribute this result to the great field intensity at the discontinuity, which reduce the lightning conductor discharge capture effect. This is in concordance with the results concerning the electrical strength of such air gaps without lightning conductors.
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Xue, Mingshan, Wenfeng Wang, Junfei Ou, Fajun Wang, and Wen Li. "Lightning rod effect in surface work function of semiconductor nanomaterials." Applied Physics Letters 102, no. 24 (June 17, 2013): 243110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812238.

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Zhao, Guifeng, Kaifeng Xing, Yang Wang, Hui Qian, and Meng Zhang. "Long Short-Term Memory Network for Predicting Wind-Induced Vibration Response of Lightning Rod Structures." Buildings 13, no. 5 (May 10, 2023): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13051256.

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Lightning rod structures are susceptible to wind loads due to their high slenderness ratio, high flexibility, and light weight. The wind-induced dynamic response of a lightning rod is critical for structural safety and reliability. The traditional methods for this response, including observation and simulation, focus on structural health monitoring (SHM), wind tunnel tests (WTTs), or fluid–structure interaction (FSI) simulations. However, all these approaches require considerable financial or computational investment. Additionally, problems such as data loss or data anomalies in the sensor monitoring process often occur during SHM or WTTs. This paper proposes an algorithm based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to predict the wind-induced dynamic response and to solve the problem of data link fracture caused by abnormal sensor data transmission or wind-induced damage to lightning rod structures under different wind speeds. The effectiveness and applicability of the proposed framework are demonstrated using actual monitoring data. Root-mean-squared error (RMSE), determination of coefficient (R2), variance accounted for (VAF), and the refined Willmott index (RWI) are employed as performance assessment indices for the proposed network model. At the same time, the random forest algorithm is adopted to analyze the correlation between the data of the different measurement points on the lightning rod structure. The results show that the LSTM method proposed in this paper has a high accuracy for the prediction of “missing” strain data during lightning rod strain monitoring under wind speeds of 15.81~31.62 m/s. Even under the extreme wind speed of 31.62 m/s, the values of RMSE, MAE, R2, RWI and VAF are 0.24053, 0.18213, 0.94539, 0.88172 and 0.94444, respectively, which are within the acceptable range. Using the data feature importance analysis function, it is found that the predicted strain data of the measurement point on the top part of the lightning rod structure are closely related to the test strain data of the two adjacent sections of the structure, and the effect of the test strain data of the measurement points that are far from the predicted measurement point can be ignored.
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Ermushev, A. V., Boris V. Mchedlishvili, V. A. Oleĭnikov, and A. V. Petukhov. "Surface enhancement of local optical fields and the lightning-rod effect." Quantum Electronics 23, no. 5 (May 31, 1993): 435–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe1993v023n05abeh003090.

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Guo, Xiufeng, Ling Zhang, Ziyu Ji, Yue Gao, Zhaoxia Wang, and Nian Zhao. "Three-Dimensional Simulation of Corona Discharge in a Double-Needle System during a Thunderstorm." Atmosphere 14, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050789.

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The effect of corona discharge from buildings or structures on the surrounding atmospheric electric field is very important in the measurement of urban atmospheric electric fields and the early warning of lightning. However, most previous studies were focused on independent buildings, with little research on three-dimensional building groups. Therefore, based on three-dimensional numerical simulation technology, this paper uses a double-needle system to simulate the characteristics of thunderstorm corona discharge from two equal-height buildings separated by a variable distance. The shielding effect of the double-needle system on the ground electric field is evaluated both with and without corona discharge, and the main conclusions are as follows: (1) The larger the distance between the two needles, the closer the peak corona current from each tip of the double-needle system is to that from an independent lightning rod at the same height. When the peak corona current from each tip of the double-needle system equals the peak corona current from an independent lightning rod at the same height to some level of approximation, the distance between the two needle systems is determined by the needle height at this time. (2) If the distance between the two needles is 0.1 m, the corona charge released by the double-needle system is almost equal to that released by an independent lightning rod. The corona charge released by the double-needle system is approximately twice as much as that released by an independent lightning rod when the distance between the two needles is increased to a certain value that increases with the needle height and the time of corona discharge. (3) The greater the value of the time of corona discharge, the stronger the shielding effect of the corona discharge on the ground electric field and the larger the shielding range, but the greater the value of the needle height, the smaller the shielding range. (4) Compared with the shielding effect with no corona discharge, that with corona discharge is greater, but the greater the value of the needle height, the less the enhancement. For example, for corona discharge with a time of 10 s, the needle height is 20 m, and the shielding range is ca. 70 m, which is 8.8 times that without corona discharge; however, for the needle height of 100 m, the shielding range is ca. 150 m, which is only 1.5 times that without corona discharge.
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Fukuoka, Norihiko, and Katsuaki Tanabe. "Lightning-Rod Effect of Plasmonic Field Enhancement on Hydrogen-Absorbing Transition Metals." Nanomaterials 9, no. 9 (August 30, 2019): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9091235.

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The plasmonic enhancement of electromagnetic field energy density at the sharp tips of nanoparticles or nanoscale surface roughnesses of hydrogen-absorbing transition metals, Pd, Ti, and Ni, is quantitatively investigated. A large degree of energy focusing is observed for these transition metals in the microwave region, even surpassing the enhancement for noble metals according to the conditions. Pd, for instance, exhibits peak field enhancement factors of 6000 and 2 × 108 in air for morphological aspect ratios of 10 and 100, respectively. Metal surfaces possibly contain such degrees of nano- or micro-scale native random roughnesses, and, therefore, the field enhancement effect may have been unknowingly produced in existing electrical and optical systems. In addition, for future devices under development, particularly in hydrogen-related applications, it is desirable to design and optimize the systems, including the choice of materials, structures, and operating conditions, by accounting for the plasmonic local energy enhancement effect around the metal surfaces.
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Urbieta, Mattin, Marc Barbry, Yao Zhang, Peter Koval, Daniel Sánchez-Portal, Nerea Zabala, and Javier Aizpurua. "Atomic-Scale Lightning Rod Effect in Plasmonic Picocavities: A Classical View to a Quantum Effect." ACS Nano 12, no. 1 (January 11, 2018): 585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b07401.

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Park, Jubong, Minseok Jo, Joonmyoung Lee, Seungjae Jung, Seonghyun Kim, Wootae Lee, Jungho Shin, and Hyunsang Hwang. "Improved Switching Uniformity and Speed in Filament-Type RRAM Using Lightning Rod Effect." IEEE Electron Device Letters 32, no. 1 (January 2011): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/led.2010.2084560.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT"

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PRASHER, VARUN. "DESIGN OF CHEMICAL SENSORS BASED ON SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SCATTERING." Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2020. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18825.

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When light waves, with a specific wavelength, are incident on a metal-dielectric interface or on a nanoparticle, surface plasmons, localized surface plasmons or coupled plasmons are excited and lead to intensity enhancement. This phenomenon of light enhancement can be achieved by fabricating nanostructures with specific geometries and parameters. When these nanostructures are engineered appropriately, they result into light intensity enhancement of the order of tens of thousands. The phenomenon of electric field enhancement by using nanostructure with sharp edges, called lightning rod effect, can be exploited to further intensify the localized surface plasmons. For further enhancement of electric field intensity the possibility of enclosing these nanostructures within nano-line grating walls was explored. Variation of different parameters of these structures like orientation, gap and structural dimensions is explored for their influence on electromagnetic field enhancement. By optimizing these nanostructures, this work aims to propose an optimal nanostructure with high electromagnetic enhancement, for sensing chemical agents in trace quantities.
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Gürlek, Akif. "Zum Entladungsprozess der Spitze-Spitze-Elektrodenanordnung bei standardisierter und oszillierender Blitzspannung." Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2020. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73246.

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Diese Dissertation widmet sich der Erfassung, Identifikation und Beschreibung von Entladungsprozessen, die an Überschlägen bei Blitzspannung auftreten. Es wird ein Messsystem entwickelt, welches die elektrischen und optischen Parameter der Entladungsprozesse an der Spitze-Spitze-Elektrodenanordnung bei standardisierter und oszillierender Blitzspannung mit hoher Empfindlichkeit und Synchronisationsgenauigkeit aufzeichnet. Mithilfe der Strommessungen und der fotografischen Aufzeichnungen von Entladungen können drei Phasen des Durchschlagprozesses identifiziert werden: In der Reihenfolge ihres Auftretens handelt es sich um die Streamerphase, die Kanalübergangsphase und die Kanalbildungsphase. Diese Phasen werden für die standardisierte und oszillierende Blitzspannung aufgezeigt, wobei Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede herausgestellt werden. Anhand von statistischen Beschreibungen des Durchschlagverhaltens und des Entladungsverhaltens werden daraufhin Abhängigkeiten in den Entladungsprozessen abgeleitet.
This thesis is dedicated to the acquisition, identification and description of discharge processes, which occur under lightning impulse voltage. A measuring system has been developed that records the electrical and optical parameters of the discharge processes with a high sensitivity and synchronization accuracy on a rod-rod electrode arrangement under standardised and oscillated lightning impulse voltage. With the current measurements and the photographic records of discharges, three phases of the breakdown process can be identified. In order of their occurrence these are the streamer phase, the channel transition phase and the channel formation phase. These phases are shown for the standardised and oscillated lightning impulse voltage, whereby similarities and differences are presented in detail. Using statistical descriptions of the breakdown and the discharge behaviour, dependencies in the discharge process will be derived.
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Books on the topic "LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT"

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Lightning!: Protection of life and property, against direful effects of lightning, 300,000 feet of the new patent English electro-galvanized, annealed and carbonized lightning rods ... [Paris, Ont.?: s.n., 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT"

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Meppelink, Jan. "Effect of Site Insulation with Gravel According to IEC 62305-3." In The Lightning Rod as a Danger, 89. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30434-7_8.

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Meppelink, Jan. "Effect of Site Insulation with Asphalt According to IEC 62305-3." In The Lightning Rod as a Danger, 57–87. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30434-7_7.

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Raghavender, D., and M. S. Naidu. "EFFECT OF FIELD DIVERGENCE ON THE LIGHTNING IMPULSE BREAKDOWN OF ROD-PLANE GAPS IN N2/SF6 MIXTURES." In Gaseous Dielectrics V, 458–63. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-034693-9.50062-9.

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Conference papers on the topic "LIGHTNING ROD EFFECT"

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Degtyarev, Sergey A., Svetlana N. Khonina, Andrew V. Ustinov, and Nicolay L. Kazanskiy. "Lightning-rod effect near sharp dielectric structures." In Optical Technologies for Telecommunications 2014, edited by Vladimir A. Andreev, Vladimir A. Burdin, Albert H. Sultanov, and Oleg G. Morozov. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2180353.

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Ya-peng Fu, Cheng Gao, Bo Yang, and Bi-hua Zhou. "The effect of metal layer surround the lightning rod on lightning electromagnetic field distribution." In 2016 Asia-Pacific International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (APEMC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apemc.2016.7522972.

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Mandela, K., M. Jegadeeshkumar, and S. Usa. "Effect of Humidity on Lightning impulse Breakdown of Short Rod-Plane Air Gap." In 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Condition Assessment Techniques in Electrical Systems (CATCON). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/catcon47128.2019.cn0085.

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Nixon, Kenneth J., Ian R. Jandrell, and Andrew J. Phillips. "A simplified model of the lightning performance of a driven rod earth electrode in multi-layer soil that includes the effect of soil ionisation." In Conference Record of the 2006 IEEE Industry Applications Conference Forty-First IAS Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2006.256783.

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Shuai, Shuai, Zichen Du, Binjian Ma, Li Shan, Baris Dogruoz, and Damena Agonafer. "Numerical Investigation of Shape Effect on Microdroplet Evaporation." In ASME 2018 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2018-8311.

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As electronic devices continue to shrink in size and increase in functionality, effective thermal management has become a critical bottleneck that hinders continued advancement. Two-phase cooling technologies are of growing interest for electronics cooling due to their high heat removal capacity and small thermal resistance (< 0.3 K-cm2/W) [1]. One typical example of a two-phase cooling method is droplet evaporation, which can provide a high heat transfer coefficient with low superheat. While droplet evaporation has been studied extensively and used in many practical cooling applications (e.g., spray cooling), the relevant work has been confined to spherical droplets with axisymmetric geometries. A rationally designed evaporation platform that yields asymmetric meniscus droplets can potentially achieve larger meniscus curvatures, which give rise to higher vapor concentration gradients along the contact line region and therefore yield higher evaporation rates. In this study, we develop a numerical model to investigate the evaporation behavior of asymmetrical microdroplets suspended on a porous micropillar structure. The equilibrium profiles and mass transport characteristics of droplets with circular, triangular, and square contact shapes are explored using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The evaporative mass transport at the liquid-vapor interface is modeled using a simplified Schrage model [2]. The results show highly non-uniform mass transport characteristics for asymmetrical microdroplets, where a higher local evaporation rate is observed near the locations where the meniscus has high curvature. This phenomenon is attributed to a higher local vapor concentration gradient that drives faster vapor diffusion at more curved regions, similar to a lightning rod exhibiting a strong electric field along a highly curved surface. By using contact line confinement to artificially tune the droplet into a more curved geometry, we find the total evaporation rate from a triangular-based droplet is enhanced by 13% compared to a spherical droplet with the same perimeter and liquid-vapor interfacial area. Such a finding can guide the design and optimization of geometric features to improve evaporation in high performance electronics cooling systems.
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Huge, Elijah. "Proof (Saving the City)." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.41.

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In 1752, the year Benjamin Franklin is credited with the invention of the lightning rod, he also established the first American fire insurance company. The coincidence of these innovations prefigures the parallel development and interwoven relationships between invention, building insurance, and legislation that underlie the production of architecture today. Industrialization brought new threats to the city (e.g. electricity, speed, explosives) while also dramatically increasing the scale of historical perils (e.g. flood, fire, theft). In turn, these threats gave rise to a field of new products, accessory to conventional building. In their early forms, the automatic sprinkler, exterior fire escape, panic bar, emergency light, and theft alarm were, like Franklin’s lightning rod, ready for production and deployment on a large scale, without definitive spatial identity, and suitable for use in new or existing construction. Negotiating the thresholds between the developing infrastructures of the city and its private spaces (as insured and legally defined), these devices may be understood collectively as a crumple zone intended not to prevent architectural emergency but to absorb, limit, and contain its effects.
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Mitchard, D., N. S. Jamoshid, D. Clark, D. Carr, and A. Haddad. "Investigation of lightning direct effects on aircraft materials." In 2016 International Conference on Electrical Systems for Aircraft, Railway, Ship Propulsion and Road Vehicles & International Transportation Electrification Conference (ESARS-ITEC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esars-itec.2016.7841393.

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Braun, Franziska, Fabian Edel, and Antonio Ardilio. "Enhancing driver’s experience through emotion sensitive lighting interaction." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001731.

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The vehicle has become an intelligent product by innovative technologies. However, most of the new technologies address human safety, such as lane keeping or emergency brake assistance. The smart optimization of the driver’s well-being through sensitivity of the technology has been neglected so far. Thus, this study investigates the influence of emotion-sensitive lighting on the driver. Individual light interactions are based on detected emotions of the driver to enhance the individual driving experience. IntroductionLight and colors have an archaic effect on humans (Goldstein 2015). They trigger the human diencephalon to release the serotonin as well as cortisol. For example, light blue components in the light suppress melatonin release. This driver feels awake or concentrated. (Sabine Harrasko-Kocmann) Different factors such as traffic jams, aggressive driving behavior of other road users and challenging weather conditions have a negative impact on the driver’s feeling (Bitkina et al. 2019). The consequences are negative emotions such as anger, fear and worry, which in turn lead to inattention and insecurity. Also factors like tiredness and physical exhaustion can impact the human well-beeing. As a result, the driver is unfocused and annoyed after the ride or agitated and restless. Furthermore, stress for example, increases the risk of accidents because people become inattentive (Evers 2011). To counteract this and positively influence the driving experience, specific lighting interactions are intended to enhance the driver's feelings. In this work, lighting is used to influence the driver's mood. The aim of the study is to investigate whether the targeted use of light contributes to increase the well-being and which use-cases are particularly suitable.ApproachFig.1 shows the scientific approach for this work. Firstly, requirements are defined. They are based on a literature review on the psychological effects of light, an investigation of the target groups and a reflection on highly emotional driving situations. For testing, three use cases are defined in detail. The first deals with increasing the driver's concentration, the second with targeted stress reduction and the third with positive reinforcement of emotion. They include the emotional level of the driver, his or her journey start and destination, the target emotion, and the light interaction to achieve this emotion. A vehicle-prototype is modified to test the individual scenarios. Besides LED strips along the windscreen, the door frames and interior ambient lights, screens are installed in the doors and the roof [Fig.2]. In this way, not only individual light colors and intensities can be visualized, but also more complex, dynamic movements. To get a uniform effect the interior lights are synchronized with the visualization of the screens.Fig.2: CAD rendering of the prototype. One screen is placed in each of the doors and one in the roof. LED strips run along the windscreen and door frame. Ambient lights at the whole interior.For the qualitative study, 35 test persons are interviewed by using the prototype [Fig.3]. All test persons passing though the three use-cases. In order to measure the success of the light effect, the pulse and surface moisture of the skin are measured. In addition, there is a discussion before and after each use case. ConclusionThe prototype has been built and the lightning interaction implemented. During the preparation of this abstract, the user testings are conducted. The full paper and also the oral presentation will show more details about the methodology and the evaluation of the testing.
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