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Journal articles on the topic 'Lighting qualities'
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Barati, B., E. Karana, D. Sekulovski, and S. C. Pont. "Retail lighting and textiles: Designing a lighting probe set." Lighting Research & Technology 49, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 173–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153515602953.
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This paper investigates the interaction between retail lighting and textiles to provide retailers and lighting designers with a set of physical textile objects that can be used to test the visual effect of a lighting setting. Since the relationships between optical aspects of lighting–textiles interactions and subjective qualities associated with them have not been systematically investigated, we conducted two experiments to study those relationships. The first experiment concerned photometric measurements of textiles in order to categorize the reflectance types. The second experiment examined human observers’ judgments of a range of material-expressing qualities, such as shininess and softness, in two canonical types of lighting. The textiles for which the differences in those qualities were maximal were used in designing a lighting probe set.
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Zhang, Fan, Huib de Ridder, Rene van Egmond, and Sylvia Pont. "The interplay between material qualities and lighting." Journal of Vision 17, no. 10 (August 31, 2017): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/17.10.228.
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Kavtarashvili, A. Sh, E. N. Novotorov, T. N. Volkonskaya, and S. P. Ridzhal. "Productive qualities of chickens under various lighting spectra." Russian Agricultural Sciences 33, no. 2 (April 2007): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068367407020152.
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Ebbensgaard, Casper Laing. "Standardised difference: Challenging uniform lighting through standards and regulation." Urban Studies 57, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 1957–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019866568.
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Artificial lighting has received increased attention from urban scholars and geographers in recent years. It is celebrated for its experimental aesthetics and experiential qualities and critiqued for its adverse effects on biological life and the environment. Yet scholars and practitioners unite in their disapproval of uniform and homogenous lighting that follows from standardised lighting technologies and design principles. Absent from debates in urban scholarship and geography, however, is any serious consideration of how lighting designers respond to such standardised measures and regulations. In this article, I address this lack of academic attention by exploring how designers overturn the restrictive challenges posed by the standards and regulations of the design and planning process. Drawing on interviews with designers involved in the lighting design of a mixed-use redevelopment project in Canning Town, East London, I demonstrate how the interpretation and translation of lighting standards and regulations resist the tendency to predetermine design aesthetics and functions. By drawing attention away from the technical specifications and numerical values that are prescribed in standards and regulations, and towards lighting’s experiential and performative effects, the article argues that lighting designers can play an important role in challenging how standards and regulations are measured, defined and maintained. Calling on urban scholars to play a more prominent role in foregrounding this process of translation, I suggest that standards and regulations can provide frameworks within which luminous differentiation and preservation of darkness can be achieved, playing a potentially crucial role in ensuring a socially and environmentally sustainable transition to energy efficient lighting.
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Dugar, AM. "The role of poetics in architectural lighting design." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 2 (August 23, 2016): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153516664967.
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Architectural lighting design is generally believed to have visual and psychological consequences on humans, and has been investigated either as an artistic or a scientific endeavour. This paper explores the possibility that these two viewpoints are not mutually exclusive with a poetic approach. It builds upon two arguments: the first is that poetry, being an inherently compositional system like language, impacts the perceived meaning of lit environments; the second is that humans seek qualities with experiential richness when interacting with lit environments, which is very much aligned with poetry. This reasoning is supplemented by reflections on the poetic possibilities within realised projects used as simple artistic and scientific case studies to demonstrate this complex visual and psychological interplay. Opinions from academics and professionals from the field of architectural lighting design are sought on these poetic possibilities, the appropriateness of these realised projects in expressing their respective qualities, and on the role of poetics in architectural lighting design in general.
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Lo, VWL, and KA Steemers. "Methods for assessing the effects of spatial luminance patterns on perceived qualities of concert lighting." Lighting Research & Technology 52, no. 1 (April 8, 2019): 106–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153519841098.
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This paper presents experimental approaches for evaluating concert lighting from the viewpoints of audience members and performers in Cambridge King's College Chapel. We develop image zoning and abstraction techniques to quantify and interpret photometric data acquired under four different electric lighting conditions. Assessed by 78 participants, these lighting scenarios are compared across six different viewing positions using a set of structured questionnaires. Ordered logistic regression modelling shows that the ratios and functions describing uniformity, brightness and light patterns are common explanatory variables for predicting perceived visual clarity, visual uniformity, brightness and spatial intimacy. Uniformity-related attributes are observed to be among the strongest variables for all these perceived qualities, except for visual clarity, which is better explained by acuity-related measures. These experimental results confirm the applicability of our approaches, highlighting the importance of combining multiple methods and integrating complex architectural situations into the process of understanding luminous appearance.
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Kong, Zhe, and J. Alstan Jakubiec. "Evaluations of long-term lighting qualities for computer labs in Singapore." Building and Environment 194 (May 2021): 107689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107689.
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Vahedi Moghaddam, Elyas, and Rahinah Ibrahim. "PEOPLE'S EVALUATION TOWARDS MEDIA FAÇADE AS NEW URBAN LANDMARKS AT NIGHT." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2016): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v10i1.871.
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This paper attempts to help designers to turn a building into media facade as an attractive landmark for people’s urban night life. The literature survey points towards being dynamic and interactive with observers as the two quality dimensions for implementing this emerging lighting technology. Based on a survey of eleven selected media facades using video films to 250 students and staff at a public university, results identified twelve attributes for these two qualities. However, item analysis and exploratory factor analysis of the results determined only ten attributes actually support people’s attention towards media facade. The attributes of unique landmark, different nocturnal appearance, dynamic colour, informative lighting, artistic lighting performance, on going process, and dynamic advertisement could be categorized under the visual quality dimension. On the other hand, attributes of covert interaction, overt interaction, and predesigned interaction could be categorized under the interactive quality dimension. This study contributes in prioritizing visual qualities for guiding the attractiveness of buildings’ appearances at night, hence enabling the creation of new dynamic urban spaces when designing buildings.
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Dudek, Agata, and Andrii Goroshko. "Surface Quality of the Materials used for Lighting Columns." Quality Production Improvement - QPI 1, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cqpi-2019-0057.
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Abstract Quality of the lighting columns plays a major role in the comfort and safety of life of road users. The surface quality of the materials used in the columns is especially critical during extreme weather conditions. Road infrastructure, including street lighting, uses modern lightweight materials from the group of non-ferrous materials or composites. The materials used in the manufacturing process ensure important advantages, such as durability, electrical safety, aesthetic qualities, low maintenance costs, light weight, and easy transport and assemble. This paper presents an analysis of the quality of coatings used for street lighting columns.
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Cavins, Todd J., and John M. Dole. "Photoperiod, Juvenility, and High Intensity Lighting Affect Flowering and Cut Stem Qualities of Campanula and Lupinus." HortScience 36, no. 7 (December 2001): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.7.1192.
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Campanula medium L. `Champion Blue' and `Champion Pink' and Lupinus hartwegii Lindl. `Bright Gems' were grown in 8- or 16-h initial photoperiods, transplanted when 2-3, 5-6, or 8-9 true leaves developed, and placed under 8-, 12-, or 16-h final photoperiods. The lowest flowering percentage for `Champion Blue' (<1%) and `Champion Pink' (16%) resulted from plants grown in the 8-h photoperiod continuously. One hundred percent flowering occurred when Campanula were grown in the 16-h final photoperiod, indicating that `Champion Blue' and `Champion Pink' are long-day plants. Plants grown initially in the 8-h and finished in the 16-h photoperiod had the longest stems. Stem diameter was generally thickest for plants grown in the 8-h compared with the 16-h initial photoperiod. However, the 8-h initial photoperiod delayed anthesis compared with the 16-h initial photoperiod. `Champion Blue' and `Champion Pink' plants transplanted at the 2-3 leaf stage from the 16 hour initial to the 8-h final photoperiod had flowering percentages of 64% and 63%, respectively; however, when transplanted at the 8-9 leaf stage, plants were fully mature and 100% flowering occurred indicating that all plants were capable of flowering. In year 2, plants receiving high intensity discharge (HID) supplemental lighting during the 16-h initial photoperiod reached anthesis in 11 fewer days compared with plants not receiving HID supplemental lighting. High profits were obtained from Campanula grown in the 8-h initial photoperiod and transferred at 5-6 true leaves into the 16-h final photoperiod. Lupinus hartwegii plants had a high flowering percentage (96% to 100%) regardless of photoperiod or transplant stage. The 16-h final photoperiod decreased days to anthesis compared with the 8- or 12-h final photoperiod indicating that L. hartwegii is a facultative long-day plant. Increasing length of final photoperiod from 8- to 16-h increased stem length. Juvenility was not evident for Lupinus in this study. In year 2, Lupinus cut stems were generally longer and thicker when given HID supplemental lighting, especially when grown in the 8- or 12-h final photoperiod. Supplemental lighting also reduced days to anthesis. Highest profits were generally produced from Lupinus plants grown with supplemental HID lighting (during the initial photoperiod) until 8-9 true leaves had developed.
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Lee, Young S. "Lighting Quality and Acoustic Quality in LEED-Certified Buildings Using Occupant Evaluation." Journal of Green Building 6, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.6.2.139.
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Lighting quality and acoustic quality are often not well addressed in the current green building practice, including the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System in the US. While the level of LEED certification indicates the level of sustainability, it is not clear if a higher level of LEED certification also implies a more comfortable and productive work environment. The study intended to find the relationship between the level of LEED certification and the level of worker satisfaction and perceived job performance regarding lighting quality and acoustic quality from fifteen LEED-certified buildings. The findings indicate that the LEED Platinum building group tended to provide better lighting quality than the other lower certification groups, while the LEED Gold building group showed lower lighting quality and acoustic quality than the rest of the groups. Workplace designers and organizations should be mindful of the importance of lighting and acoustic qualities in promoting better comfort and productivity as it is easy to overlook these criteria when complying with LEED IEQ guidelines.
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Budak, Vladimir P., Anna Y. Vagina, Nikita S. Epikhov, and Pavel A. Smirnov. "Lightness And Luminance: Perceptual Qualities in Conditions Of Simultaneous Contrast." Issue 03-2021, no. 03-2021 (June 2021): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2020-072.
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This article is devoted to the research of the influence of induction and crispening effects on the lightness of objects. The target of this research is to simplify and clarify the analysis of the light distributions derived from the results of lighting calculations and measurements, and also to form the recommendations for obtaining preferred lightness contrasts in the case of visual perception of objects on different backgrounds. To provide such possibilities, it is necessary to refine the model of the lightness calculation in modern colour appearance models, which, in turn, requires the results of new experiments to take into account the induction and crispening effects in the conditions of simultaneous contrast. The same experiment was established by Takasaki on visual perception of grey squares on grey backgrounds. The article substantiates the necessity to refine the results of the Takasaki experiment and conduct the new experimental approach in more strictly specified conditions and in the expanded luminance range to ensure conditions of the modern standards. Here we propose setting up an experiment that provides these refinements and considers the properties of the proximal field – the contour of objects. The search of the results uses multi-objective optimization methods. The first results of this experiment are presented, based on them, were formed proposals to determine the preferred luminance of objects to ensure the required levels of lightness contrast when working on specified backgrounds. The calculations of the lightness deviations obtained as the result of the experiment and in the CIECAM02 colour appearance model, are presented. The peculiarities of translations of lighting engineering literature in the field of modelling a light-colour environment are noted, which require clarification for a correct and reliable understanding of colour appearance models, for which is proposed to open a discussion on this subject.
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Xia, Ling, Sylvia C. Pont, and Ingrid Heynderick. "Separate and Simultaneous Adjustment of Light Qualities in a Real Scene." i-Perception 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 204166951668608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669516686089.
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Humans are able to estimate light field properties in a scene in that they have expectations of the objects’ appearance inside it. Previously, we probed such expectations in a real scene by asking whether a “probe object” fitted a real scene with regard to its lighting. But how well are observers able to interactively adjust the light properties on a “probe object” to its surrounding real scene? Image ambiguities can result in perceptual interactions between light properties. Such interactions formed a major problem for the “readability” of the illumination direction and diffuseness on a matte smooth spherical probe. We found that light direction and diffuseness judgments using a rough sphere as probe were slightly more accurate than when using a smooth sphere, due to the three-dimensional (3D) texture. We here extended the previous work by testing independent and simultaneous (i.e., the light field properties separated one by one or blended together) adjustments of light intensity, direction, and diffuseness using a rough probe. Independently inferred light intensities were close to the veridical values, and the simultaneously inferred light intensity interacted somewhat with the light direction and diffuseness. The independently inferred light directions showed no statistical difference with the simultaneously inferred directions. The light diffuseness inferences correlated with but contracted around medium veridical values. In summary, observers were able to adjust the basic light properties through both independent and simultaneous adjustments. The light intensity, direction, and diffuseness are well “readable” from our rough probe. Our method allows “tuning the light” (adjustment of its spatial distribution) in interfaces for lighting design or perception research.
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Yin, Li Jie, Ya Zhen, and Qi Li Fan. "Remote Supervisory System of Classroom Lighting Based on LonWorks Fieldbus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 457-458 (October 2013): 867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.457-458.867.
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A remote supervisory system of classroom lighting based on LonWorks fieldbus is presented, which controls the switch state of lights and the number of lights to turn on, achieving the purpose of energy saving. The administrator can remotely know the situation of each classroom, and be able to perform manually control. The experiment results show that the proposed supervisory system has the qualities of easy to implement, high reliability, and easy to expand.
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Hadi, Khatereh, Jennifer R. Du Bose, and Young-Seon Choi. "The Effect of Light on Sleep and Sleep-Related Physiological Factors Among Patients in Healthcare Facilities: A Systematic Review." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 12, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 116–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719827946.
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Objectives: Lighting is one of the environmental factors which can improve patient sleep in healthcare environments. Due to the high degree of variation in study designs and results on this topic, the implications have been difficult to interpret. This review consolidates studies on the impact of bright light exposure on sleep to identify lighting conditions that can be applied and researched in future healthcare environments. Methods: We searched for peer-reviewed articles on the impact of light on sleep or sleep-related outcomes in healthcare settings. We provided detailed analysis of the direct links between light and sleep, and a more cursory analysis of links between light and sleep-related factors, from 34 articles which met our inclusion criteria. Results: The current state of the literature includes evidence on how various durations and intensities of morning, midday, and evening bright light exposure, as well as whole-day light exposure interventions can improve specific aspects of sleep. Lighting interventions differed in all attributes (illuminance levels, exposure time, exposure duration, and spectral qualities) but showed promising results in improving patients’ sleep. Conclusions: Short-term bright light exposure in the morning, up to 2 hr of moderate (3,000–10,000 lux) morning exposures, up to 4 hr of moderate evening exposure, and whole-day exposures to lower illuminance levels (<3,000 lux) can improve patient sleep outcomes. Based on new findings on the mechanism through which light impacts sleep, future studies should be more specific about the spectral qualities of light sources.
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Северин, В. Д. "СУЧАСНЕ ОСВІТЛЕННЯ В ДИЗАЙНІ МУЗЕЙНИХ ЕКСПОЗИЦІЙ." Humanities journal, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/gch.2018.2.10.
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In modern design practice lighting plays an important role. Lighting means intensification of visual and psychological effect of museum exposition. Light plays an active role in perception of exhibit, revealing its shape, texture and color. Natural light is used to create a broad background, and artificial – to focus attention on specific information. The best way is the combination of artificial and natural light. This balance is possible due to technological achievement. New ways of lighting create the conditions for better preservation of objects.Lighting techniques give the possibility to make the exposure dynamic, without resorting to mechanical kinematic schemes. Since the motion of light attracts the attention of the viewer more than the movement of objects, this fact became the basis for development of a number of interesting schemes of dynamic lighting. Stands and showcases with dynamic illumination leave a brighter footprint in memory.The choice of the lighting system is closely linked with the architecture of the museum building and with the system of museum lighting (natural, artificial and combined). In this case, it is necessary to take into account the complexity of specifics of the museum exposition – the need to create the best illumination of exhibits and at the same time to protect them from the harmful effects of light rays. Lighting systems are based on the composition and properties of exhibited museum objects and the acceptable level of lighting for various categories of exhibits.Artificial lighting must be carried out mainly by sources of light, whose radiation in the spectrum is close to the daytime. For illumination special lighting fittings, which are usually hidden from visitors (behind suspended ceilings, embedded in furniture or exhibition equipment) should be used.Nowadays there is a wide arsenal of lighting means aimed to increase the visual and psychological effect of museum exposition, various types of lighting fixtures and lamps used to illuminate expositions. Among the lighting products, the leading role belongs to LED technologies. These technologies are characterized by qualities that are decisive in the organization of the museum environment. This is the ability to give white light to each exhibit, high light output at low power consumption, fire safety, the possibility of tape mounting of light sources, the implementation of programmable light scenarios with a change in color gamut. The latest technologies in lighting systems play an important role in design of museum exposition.
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Wang, Wei, Minghua Su, Huihua Li, Biyu Zeng, Qiang Chang, and Zhongxiong Lai. "Effects of supplemental lighting with different light qualities on growth and secondary metabolite content ofAnoectochilus roxburghii." PeerJ 6 (July 19, 2018): e5274. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5274.
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BackgroundAnoectochilus roxburghiiis a widespread herbaceous plant with high medicinal value. WildA. roxburghiiresources face extinction due to their slow growth rate and over exploitation. The growing market demand has led to advances in the field of artificial planting ofA. roxburghii. Methods to increase the economic benefits of cultivation and the production of medicinal ingredients are very useful.MethodsA. roxburghiiwas exposed to red light, blue light (BL), yellow light (YL), green light, or white light as supplemental lighting at night (18:00–02:00) in a greenhouse or were left in darkness (control, CK) to investigate the effects of various light qualities on growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, root vitality, stomatal density, soluble proteins, sugars, and the accumulation of secondary metabolites.ResultsSupplementation of BL had a positive effect onA. roxburghiigrowth and secondary metabolite accumulation. Leaf number, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll a content, and secondary metabolite (total flavonoids, total polyphenols) content increased significantly. YL treatment showed significantly higher soluble sugar and polysaccharide contents than the control.DiscussionBL treatment was conducive to promoting the growth and accumulation of secondary metabolites (total flavonoids, total polyphenols); YL treatment significantly increased the content of soluble sugar and polysaccharides more than the control. Polysaccharides and total flavonoids are important medicinal ingredients ofAnoectochilus, so future research will focus on the combination of blue and YL.
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Toet, Alexander, Joske M. Houtkamp, and Paul E. Vreugdenhil. "Effects of personal relevance and simulated darkness on the affective appraisal of a virtual environment." PeerJ 4 (February 25, 2016): e1743. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1743.
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This study investigated whether personal relevance influences the affective appraisal of a desktop virtual environment (VE) in simulated darkness. In the real world, darkness often evokes thoughts of vulnerability, threat, and danger, and may automatically precipitate emotional responses consonant with those thoughts (fear of darkness). This influences the affective appraisal of a given environment after dark and the way humans behave in that environment in conditions of low lighting. Desktop VEs are increasingly deployed to study the effects of environmental qualities and (architectural or lighting) interventions on human behaviour and feelings of safety. Their (ecological) validity for these purposes depends critically on their ability to correctly address the user’s cognitive and affective experience. Previous studies with desktop (i.e., non-immersive) VEs found that simulated darkness only slightly affects the user’s behavioral and emotional responses to the represented environment, in contrast to the responses observed for immersive VEs. We hypothesize that the desktop VE scenarios used in previous studies less effectively induced emotional and behavioral responses because they lacked personal relevance. In addition, factors like signs of social presence and relatively high levels of ambient lighting may also have limited these responses. In this study, young female volunteers explored either a daytime or a night-time (low ambient light level) version of a desktop VE representing a deserted (no social presence) prototypical Dutch polder landscape. To enhance the personal relevance of the simulation, a fraction of the participants were led to believe that the virtual exploration tour would prepare them for a follow-up tour through the real world counterpart of the VE. The affective appraisal of the VE and the emotional response of the participants were measured through self-report. The results show that the VE was appraised as slightly less pleasant and more arousing in simulated darkness (compared to a daylight) condition, as expected. However, the fictitious follow-up assignment had no emotional effects and did not influence the affective appraisal of the VE. Further research is required to establish the qualities that may enhance the validity of desktop VEs for both etiological (e.g., the effects of signs of darkness on navigation behaviour and fear of crime) and intervention (e.g., effects of street lighting on feelings of safety) research.
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Whiting, Jack Robert, Sam Wickham, and Darren Beaney. "Medical student mentors in widening access to medicine programmes: 'we're lighting fires, not filling buckets '." Widening Participation and Lifelong Learning 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5456/wpll.22.2.205.
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Background: Widening Access to Medicine (WAM) supports nontraditional applicants throughout application to study medicine and beyond. Many WAM programmes use medical student mentors, however, there is a paucity of research into what makes a good WAM mentor and what qualities they require. This research helps fill a gap in the literature about WAM scheme mentors and provides context for recruitment/training.<br/> Methodology: Purposive sampling was used to select three year 9 mentees, four year 9 mentors, four year 12 mentees and four year 12 mentors. No limitations were placed on gender or ethnicity. Thirty-minute semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed qualitatively, drawing on an interpretative phenomenological analysis approach. This study received ethical approval from the Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) Research Governance and Ethics Committee.<br/> Results: Four main themes were identified: mentor – mentee relationship, mentor background and attitudes towards WAM, qualities and behaviours of mentors and differences between year 9 and year 12 mentors.<br/> Discussion and conclusions: The results are discussed within the context of the existing literature. This research identifies the requirements for WAM mentors from both mentors and mentees' perspectives. This will inform future WAM schemes run at BSMS and may provide a basis for future research and improvement of WAM mentors nationwide.
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Jin, Yi Bing, and Jun Wang. "Research on the Building Wisdom of Earth Dwellings in Longdong Region of Gansu Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.65.
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When we are busy discussing how we should improve the bad physical qualities of traditional cave houses, such as humidity, poor lighting and ventilation condition, we fail to notice that a unique earth dwelling, adobe cave house, has long existed in the Longdong region of Gansu province. The type of earth dwelling is facilitated by traditional building technique such as rammed earth walls and adobe vaults, which does not only fixed the defect of humidity, bad lighting and ventilation condition, but it is also a typical green ecological building. The article takes the adobe cave house as the object of study, starting from the relation between resources and buildings, deeply probe into the underlying building wisdom. Aiming at the main existing problems, the article is dedicated to exploring new model of building vernacular earth building, with the intention to alleviate the contradiction between man, resources, environment and buildings. And after all, to provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for building the new vernacular earth dwellings.
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Gunawan, Agnes Paulina. "Peranan Warna dalam Karya Fotografi." Humaniora 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2012): 540. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v3i2.3397.
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In the photographic development, the existence of color as part of the supporting aspect in the art of photography, is definitely influencing the final work of a photographer - whether it is a theory of color as lighting, or color as part of a pigment or chemical compound as part of physique from an object. Choosing a photo object based on colors can also create a meaning or theme in a composition of picture. This is the same when photo shoot is done with lighting that contends specific character or qualities of colors. For example, the use of color gel on the lights can create a condition that will be different when pictures are taken with white lights. Colors in photography can also give an expression or show an emotion visually that the photographer is trying to convey. With that said, a photographer who understands color concept can fix or anticipate any unwanted condition using a filter, for example, when lighting is contaminated with colors which changes the effect from the original color of an object. Therefore, with a thorough knowledge about colors, one can maximize the work just by making use of the available color aspect as part of the art work.
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Kim, Dong Hyun, and Kyung Binn Noh. "Perceived adequacy of illumination and pedestrians’ night-time experiences in urban obscured spaces: A case of London." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 8 (July 26, 2018): 1134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x18790630.
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This paper discusses lighting for pedestrian in urban obscured spaces and how perceived adequacy of illumination (PAI) might enhance pedestrians’ night-time experiences. A conventional approach is to evaluate human responses under road lighting of different illuminance, but this alone does not enable an optimum light level to be identified. In this study, a total of 30 participants (19 females and 11 males) visited 10 different urban obscured spaces underneath bridges in London. Their night-time experiences such as feelings, suitability of a space, discomfort glare and facial recognition were compared with horizontal illuminance levels and percentages of PAI. The result indicates that horizontal illuminance was associated with perceived quality of facial recognition, perceived ratings of pleasantness and liveliness. However, higher lighting does not seem to result in higher qualities of other night-time experiences in uncontrolled environments. Spaces with higher percentage of PAI are more strongly associated with an increase in pedestrians’ perceptions of pleasantness, liveliness, suitability of spaces and ratings of facial recognition. Perceived level of discomfort glare was found not to be related with neither illuminance level nor PAI percentages. The paper suggests that PAI can be a moderate indicator of an overall night-time experience for pedestrians in obscured spaces.
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Phuong Loan, Nguyen Thi, and Nguyen Doan Quoc Anh. "Y2O3:Ho3+ and ZnO:Bi3+: a selection for enhancing color quality and luminous flux of WLEDs." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 5162. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp5162-5167.
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As the luminescence industry develops, the white light light-emitting diode (LED) package with a single chip and a single phosphor although produces good luminous flux but has a poor color rendering index (CRI) can no longer fulfill the requirements of modern lighting applications. Therefore, this research is conducted to response to the urgent demands of improving other lighting qualities of WLED while maintaining high luminous efficiency. To achieve this target, we applied the new WLED package, which contains multi-chips and multi-phosphor layers, and have obtained outstanding results in both CRI and luminous efficacy. Two types of phosphor used in the WLED package are Y2O3:Ho3+ and ZnO:Bi3+. A color configuration model is also developed to adjust the shading of the white-light LED module. The results of this research show that the triple-layer phosphorhas the best performance when applied in a white-light LED package, which is demonstrated through better color quality, CRI and luminous efficacy, The manufacturers can rely on this research to produce the optimal-quality WLED, or WLED that is appropriate to their quality demands.
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MASUDA, Masaharu, Hirokuni NAKACHI, Kenji MURAKAMI, and Yuichi YOSHIDA. "Growth and Dry Matter Production of Sweet Pepper under Continuous Lighting of Fluorescent Lamps with Different Light Qualities." Shokubutsu Kojo Gakkaishi 16, no. 3 (2004): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2525/jshita.16.131.
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Wardono, Prabu, and F. X. Nugroho Soelami. "Illuminated Furniture as the Atmospheric Factor of Café Interior Design." Asian Journal of Quality of Life 3, no. 10 (March 18, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v3i10.101.
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Behavioral research of lighting is so far limited to that which is set above eye-level. This research project studies the atmospheric effects of illuminated furniture on mood. Using quasi-experimental method, two sets of illuminated furniture were laid out in a café and three different modes of atmospheric qualities resulted were investigated. Seventy student volunteers were asked to join this experiment and report their feelings toward each of those conditions. We used ANOVA statistic to analyze the data. The result shows that the atmospheric quality resulted from a constant setting of illuminated furniture were the most favorable in influencing customer's mood.Keywords: Illuminated furniture; café atmosphere; interior lighting; moodeISSN 2398-4279 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
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Castro, Fernanda Salim Ferreira de, Danielle Monteiro Vilela Dias, Ieda Harumi Higarashi, Carmen Gracinda Silvan Scochi, and Luciana Mara Monti Fonseca. "Evaluation of digital educational studenttechnology interaction in neonatal nursing." Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP 49, no. 1 (February 2015): 114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0080-623420150000100015.
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OBJECTIVE To assess the digital educational technology interface Caring for the sensory environment in the neonatal unit: noise, lighting and handling based on ergonomic criteria. METHODS Descriptive study, in which we used the guidelines and ergonomic criteria established by ISO 9241-11 and an online Likert scale instrument to identify problems and interface qualities. The instrument was built based on Ergolist, which follows the criteria of ISO 9141-11. There were 58 undergraduate study participants from the School of Nursing of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, who attended the classes about neonatal nursing content. RESULTS All items were positively evaluated by more than 70% of the sample. CONCLUSION Educational technology is appropriate according to the ergonomic criteria and can be made available for teaching nursing students.
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Meekins, Landon C., Morgan R. Godin, Tanya Khan, Betsy Colon-Acevedo, and Julie A. Woodward. "An Analysis of Preoperative and Postoperative Photography Available on the Internet for Facial Aesthetic Surgery." American Journal of Cosmetic Surgery 34, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748806816679609.
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Preoperative and postoperative photography is a powerful tool that remains integral to the practice of cosmetic surgery. The purpose of this study is 2-fold. The first is to evaluate the standardization of surgical photography used on physician Web sites for 3 specific facial cosmetic procedures, including preoperative and postoperative blepharoplasty, face-lift, and laser resurfacing. The second part of the study evaluates the standardization of photography presented by industry to promote their lasers and energy-based devices. Internet images were judged by 3 independent physicians on 2 qualities: (1) standardization of lighting/flash and (2) standardization of camera positioning/angle/zoom. Each set of images received a “pass” or “fail” based on 2 of 3 physician ratings. A total of 51.3% of images (blepharoplasty 51%, face-lift 56%, laser 47%) collected from physician Web sites failed at least 1 component (either lighting or position) of analysis. Images from industry Web sites showed only a 35% fail rate for at least 1 component of the image analysis and had a higher pass/pass percentage compared with physician Web sites. Manipulation of the camera by the photographers may result in images that are not helpful to patients or to the profession.
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Liu, Wenke, Lingyan Zha, and Yubin Zhang. "Growth and Nutrient Element Content of Hydroponic Lettuce are Modified by LED Continuous Lighting of Different Intensities and Spectral Qualities." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 1678. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111678.
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LED red (R) and blue (B) continuous light (CL) is a potential efficient way to increase plant productivity of plant factory with artificial light (PFAL), but limited information was explored about their effects on plant mineral nutrition. In an environmentally controlled plant factory with artificial light (PFAL), the effects of CL of different intensities and spectral qualities, emitted by R and B LEDs on growth and nutrient element content and accumulation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), were conducted in three hydroponic experiments. Two treatments, normal light (12 h/12 h) and CL (24 h/0 h) in experiment 1, three CL intensities (100, 200 and 300 μmol·m−2·s−1) in experiment 2, and three CL light qualities (1R:3B, 1R:1B and 3R:1B) in experiment 3 were designed. The results showed that CL significantly increased the fresh and dry lettuce shoot biomass compared with normal light, and shoot fresh and dry biomass increased with the intensity increment of CL. In experiment 3, shoot fresh biomass was great under high R light proportion CL treatment, while dry shoot biomass remained unchanged. Both CL and CL with increased intensities promoted shoot C content and accumulation in lettuce. CL reduced N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu and Zn contents in lettuce shoot, while Fe and Mn contents did not change compared to NL. Moreover, CL increased Ca, Fe and Mn accumulation. 100–200 μmol·m−2·s−1 CL facilitated N, P, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn contents in shoot, but K content was not influenced compared with 300 μmol·m−2·s−1. The data showed that high B light ratio (75%) facilitated C content comparison with low B ratios (50% and 25%). However, lettuce grown under 3R1B treatment had the higher C accumulation. Shoot N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Zn contents were higher under 1R1B treatment, and Cu content did not affected by light quality. Moreover, accumulation of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in shoot was higher under 1R1B treatment, while P, Ca, Mg, Mn accumulation under 3R1B treatment was the lowest. In conclusion, CL tends to reduce shoot mineral element contents due to dilution effect as shoot dry weight increases compared to NL. However, long-term (12 days) CL composed of 1R1B, 100–200 μmol·m−2·s−1 tends to obtain relative higher K, Ca, Fe and Zn contents in the greater dry lettuce shoot.
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Karam, Ghada Sabah. "Blurred Image Restoration with Unknown Point Spread Function." Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science 29, no. 1 (October 31, 2018): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.23851/mjs.v29i1.335.
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Blurring image caused by a number of factors such as de focus, motion, and limited sensor resolution. Most of existing blind deconvolution research concentrates at recovering a single blurring kernel for the entire image. We proposed adaptive blind- non reference image quality assessment method for estimation the blur function (i.e. point spread function PSF) from the image acquired under low-lighting conditions and defocus images using Bayesian Blind Deconvolution. It is based on predicting a sharp version of a blurry inter image and uses the two images to solve a PSF. The estimation down by trial and error experimentation, until an acceptable restored image quality is obtained. Assessments the qualities of images have done through the applications of a set of quality metrics. Our method is fast and produces accurate results.
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Garcia-Caparros, Pedro, Rosa Chica, Eva Almansa, Antonio Rull, Lara Rivas, Antonio García-Buendía, Francisco Barbero, and María Lao. "Comparisons of Different Lighting Systems for Horticultural Seedling Production Aimed at Energy Saving." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (September 19, 2018): 3351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093351.
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Nowadays, the evaluation of sustainability is an important aspect in the study of agricultural systems and the number of projects and methods for impact assessment of food production systems is increasing. In this work, we initially carried out a survey to know the status of the artificial lighting establishment in horticultural seedling nurseries in southern Spain. Taking into account the data obtained in the survey, we conducted an experiment with different types of fluorescent lamps (TLD-18, CF, TL5, TLD-56), light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and their combinations along with the novelty white LEDs lamps and XTRASUN LEDs to evaluate their technical parameters and spectral light qualities. In addition, the effectiveness of light irradiance (ELIplant) and the use of irradiance (UI) by cucumber and tomato seedling plants were estimated considering their light absorbance capacity previously analyzed. The results showed that TLD-18 lamps and their combinations, CF and XTRASUN LEDs, had a limited value of energy efficiency (VEEI) ≤ 2. The lamps essayed with the lowest total irradiance were LEDs (B, R, V, W) and the ones with the highest values were TLD58-6 lamps. The effectiveness of light irradiance (ELIplant) and the UI were slightly higher in the case of cucumber than that of the tomato for all essayed lamps. Considering the effectiveness of the light irradiance (ELIplant), TL5-6 lamps showed the highest values. On the other hand, considering the use of irradiance, XTRASUN LEDs on the mode of vegetative growth (VG) showed the highest values.
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Neumann, Dietrich. ""The Century's Triumph in Lighting": The Luxfer Prism Companies and Their Contribution to Early Modern Architecture." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 54, no. 1 (March 1, 1995): 24–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991024.
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Prismatic glass, which was a highly successful building material in the United States between the turn of the century and the 1920s, promised to refract daylight from the façades deep into a building and thus would help to save energy, create healthier working environments, and contribute to the development of a new modern architecture. The Luxfer Prism Companies were the inventors and most prominent producers of this material. The article examines selected examples of the firms' commissions in the U. S. and abroad to show the influence that both a product's real or assumed qualities and the promoting skills of its producers could have on the formal and structural decisions of architects. These projects present the architect less as the dominating force in the design process than as a participant in a complex dialogue among different partners. Luxfer contributed to the contemporary architectural debate by promoting the small-scale pattern of its glass installations as a competing vision of architectural modernity to that of the emerging aesthetic of steel and glass façades. In the early 1930s prismatic glass finally lost the competition with electrical lighting and new structural daylighting devices such as hollow glass blocks.
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Cook, Jeffrey, and Tanis Hinchcliffe. "Designing the well-tempered institution of 1873." Architectural Research Quarterly 1, no. 2 (1995): 70–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135500002773.
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The Museum of Natural History in London exemplified the state of environmental services when it was built in 1873. Although the admirable qualities of the building's natural lighting have sometimes been noticed, other aspects of its environmental design have drawn little comment. This paper explores the fabric of the building behind the scenes, related to the integral construction for ventilation. Recent on-site investigations under the floor of the basement, within the attics and elsewhere, reveal the former presence of a comprehensive fresh-air ventilation system of surprising versatility before the advent of electrically-driven fans. Archival documents provide details. The design and performance of such fresh-air systems inform us about the evolution of building services and about the practice of architecture and engineering as distinct professions. And the forgotten knowledge revealed may serve to help in the design of natural and low energy systems for large buildings today.
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Zheng, Ruifeng, Yufeng Zheng, Lei Cong, Joon-Ho Choi, and Hyun Jung. "Climate Adaptive Design Improvement Strategies of Traditional Dwellings in Southern Zhejiang for the Plum Rain Season Considering Comfort Conditions." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 1428. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061428.
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This study investigated the adaptations of traditional dwellings to the complex regional microclimate in southern Zhejiang, China. Typical traditional dwellings in a village in the foothills and a village on the mid-slopes of Zhejiang’s alpine region were selected to study traditional construction strategies for climate responsiveness and the comfort level of indoor environments during the very humid plum rain season in early summer. Fundamental analysis of the climate and architecture, a response analysis of the dwelling form, an occupants’ comfort satisfaction survey, and field measurements of indoor and outdoor thermal environmental parameters were performed. The traditional dwellings and their design strategies for various regional environmental factors were explored from the perspective of (1) regional climate-adaptive strategies, (2) the thermal, airflow, lighting, and acoustic qualities of the indoor environment, and (3) the occupants’ indoor environment satisfaction. The results indicated that traditional dwellings in southern Zhejiang incorporate strategies of various effectiveness in ensuring indoor comfort.
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Forrest, Stephen R. "Waiting for Act 2: what lies beyond organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays for organic electronics?" Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (August 24, 2020): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0322.
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AbstractOrganic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays are now poised to be the dominant mobile display technology and are at the heart of the most attractive televisions and electronic tablets on the market today. But this begs the question: what is the next big opportunity that will be addressed by organic electronics? We attempt to answer this question based on the unique attributes of organic electronic devices: their efficient optical absorption and emission properties, their ability to be deposited on ultrathin foldable, moldable and bendable substrates, the diversity of function due to the limitless palette of organic materials and the low environmental impact of the materials and their means of fabrication. With these unique qualities, organic electronics presents opportunities that range from lighting to solar cells to medical sensing. In this paper, we consider the transformative changes to electronic and photonic technologies that might yet be realized using these unconventional, soft semiconductor thin films.
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Gerovac, Joshua R., Joshua K. Craver, Jennifer K. Boldt, and Roberto G. Lopez. "Light Intensity and Quality from Sole-source Light-emitting Diodes Impact Growth, Morphology, and Nutrient Content of Brassica Microgreens." HortScience 51, no. 5 (May 2016): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.51.5.497.
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Multilayer vertical production systems using sole-source (SS) lighting can be used for the production of microgreens; however, traditional SS lighting methods can consume large amounts of electrical energy. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) offer many advantages over conventional light sources, including high photoelectric conversion efficiencies, narrowband spectral light quality (LQ), low thermal output, and adjustable light intensities (LIs). The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of SS LEDs of different light qualities and intensities on growth, morphology, and nutrient content of Brassica microgreens. Purple kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea L. var. gongylodes L.), mizuna (Brassica rapa L. var. japonica), and mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. ‘Garnet Giant’] were grown in hydroponic tray systems placed on multilayer shelves in a walk-in growth chamber. A daily light integral (DLI) of 6, 12, or 18 mol·m−2·d−1 was achieved from commercially available SS LED arrays with light ratios (%) of red:green:blue 74:18:8 (R74:G18:B8), red:blue 87:13 (R87:B13), or red:far-red:blue 84:7:9 (R84:FR7:B9) with a total photon flux (TPF) from 400 to 800 nm of 105, 210, or 315 µmol·m−2·s−1 for 16 hours. Regardless of LQ, as the LI increased from 105 to 315 µmol·m−2·s−1, hypocotyl length (HL) decreased and percent dry weight (DW) increased for kohlrabi, mizuna, and mustard microgreens. With increasing LI, leaf area (LA) of kohlrabi generally decreased and relative chlorophyll content (RCC) increased. In addition, nutrient content increased under low LIs regardless of LQ. The results from this study can help growers to select LIs and LQs from commercially available SS LEDs to achieve preferred growth characteristics of Brassica microgreens.
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Wei, Hao, Chen Liu, Jiangtao Hu, and Byoung Ryong Jeong. "Quality of Supplementary Morning Lighting (SML) During Propagation Period Affects Physiology, Stomatal Characteristics, and Growth of Strawberry Plants." Plants 9, no. 5 (May 16, 2020): 638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050638.
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Artificial light supplementation is widely used in modern agriculture. Due to their numerous advantages, light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used to effectively increase the yield or control the development of crops. In the present study, the effects of supplementary morning lighting (SML) with LEDs on the physiology and stomatal characteristics of strawberry plants were studied, with the aim of awakening the plant guard cells before sunrise and enabling strawberry plants to efficiently photosynthesize immediately after sunrise. Young daughter plants of ‘Maehyang’ and ‘Seolhyang’ strawberry cultivars that have just rooted were grown under LEDs with different wavelengths—white (W), red (R), mixed blue and red (BR, 1:1), and blue (B)—to investigate the effects of the SML on the physiology, stomatal characteristics, and growth. The SML was provided for 2 h at an intensity of 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 PPFD before sunrise every morning. A group without supplementary lighting was set as the control. The results showed that the different SML qualities have significantly affected the stomatal characteristics. The B SML promoted the stomatal opening more effectively compared to the other SMLs. The stomatal conductance and quantum yield (Fv/Fm) of leaves treated with the SMLs were higher than those of the control group. The B and BR SMLs most significantly affected the stomatal conductance and quantum yield (Fv/Fm). After 30 days of the SML treatments, it was observed that the B SML effectively improved the plant quality, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate accumulation in the two strawberry cultivars. In general, a short-term exposure to blue light before sunrise can effectively improve the quality and promote the production of strawberry plants.
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Tsai, Ming Jong, S. Y. Chen, J. W. Chen, R. B. Huang, and T. L. Lin. "An Epoxy-Based Micro-Structure Surface for Improving Anti-Reflection Efficiency of a Solar Cell Module." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.317.
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This paper proposes an epoxy-based anti-reflective micron structure layer for solar cell modules. A Solidworks software is used to design the micro-structure layers with different size and shapes (inverted pyramid and micro-lens). Then, An optical simulation software, Tracepro, is used to simulate the anti-reflection efficiency under the standard lighting source of AM1.5G. The difference between the flat layer and micro-structured layer has been analyzed to obtain the best micro-structure layer for solar cell modules. From the simulated results, the inverted pyramid textured layer that each pyramid’s width is 10μm and height is 5μm can improve the flux increment rate up to 13% compared with the flat layer at normal incidence. However, the best efficiency for micro-lens structure layer increases about 10% with radius of 25μm and height of 18.75μm and 25μm at 15o incidence. In addition, the thinner the Epoxy layer is, the better the anti-reflection efficiency is. Therefore, the proposed Epoxy-based micro-structure can improve the solar module for obtaining higher efficiency and best qualities.
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Wittmann, Sabine, Ivonne Jüttner, and Heike Mempel. "Indoor Farming Marjoram Production—Quality, Resource Efficiency, and Potential of Application." Agronomy 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111769.
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Indoor vertical farming offers great opportunities regarding a sustainable and consistent production of high-quality herbs and raw materials all year round for the perfume, chemical, or food industry. Cultivation takes place in an enclosed structure, operating predominantly independent from external conditions in multi-layer systems equipped with artificial lighting, enabling extremely high resource use efficiencies with a simultaneous increase in yield. On the other hand, field production in terms of plant quality and harvesting times is highly influenced by environmental conditions, making it difficult to maintain homogenous raw material qualities throughout the year. To show how different light qualities affect the overall efficiency and quality of Origanum majorana grown in an indoor farm, the resource consumption, yield, and cultivation time as well as the essential oil quantity was analyzed, and the efficiencies in terms of energy and land use efficiency calculated. The experimental setup clearly demonstrated that the yield regarding fresh as well as dry matter and oil content was comparable to one square meter of open field production. Based on this, the multi-layer system and the noticeable lowered growth period result in a significantly higher area efficiency compared to the open field, leading to a potential increase of annual yields of dried leave weight and oil contents by up to 21 times. It was also shown that a white spectrum (W) showed similar influence on plant growth and yield as a spectrum consisting of blue and red (B/R). Nevertheless, the LED treatment W did show higher light use efficiencies as well as a better working conditions inside the cultivation chamber. By an integration of indoor vertical farming into existing industrial processes, new and innovative opportunities for a flexible and low-risk supply chain seem feasible and according to German food industry meet the interests of existing stakeholders.
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Ando, Mihoko. "Retracing Alvar Aalto's design process through the sketches and drawings of Vuoksenniska Church (1955–8)." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 4 (December 2016): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000567.
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Alvar Aalto's Vuoksenniska Church (1958) has been widely discussed in architectural literature, often in general terms of plasticity or ambiguity. Yet previous studies have given relatively little consideration to the approximately 800 archived sketches and drawings for the project. When a limited number of Aalto's sketches for the church have appeared previously, an isolated sketch has often been used to illustrate a single aspect or element of the church, such as a notable lighting or acoustic detail. The church's complexity and spatial qualities make it well suited for more detailed study, using sketches and drawings to clarify the design process of the church and provide new insights. The most important sketches and drawings from the church's design process are presented and discussed in this paper. They illustrate how the design process began with simple sketches, in plan and section, for folding and moveable partitions, highlighting Aalto's priority for balancing religious and social activities in the church through divisible meeting spaces. Acoustical considerations were also combined in these earlier plans, while section sketches show how the church's skylight and unique clerestory windows were gradually developed through several iterations. The threefold repetition of elements in both plan and section was consistent throughout the design process. The structure of the church was designed with simple organic motifs like frogs and fish, but was also intentionally combined with other key elements. While previous studies have emphasised one aspect of the church or another, Aalto's sketches taken together offer a more holistic understanding. They show the interrelated nature of different elements in the church and the relative relationships between different sketches and ideas in the design process. As a work of architecture, the church's definitive qualities of architectural harmony and coherence are far more compelling than any one particular feature or notable detail.
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Ozoh, Patrick, Shapiee Abd-Rahman, and Jane Labadin. "A Predictive Framework for Electricity Consumption." Journal of IT in Asia 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2016): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jita.331.2016.
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This study investigates the performance of regression model, Kalman filter adaptation algorithm and artificial neural network to assess their qualities for predictions. It develops predictive algorithms based on price, temperature and humidity as multiple variables affecting time-varying aspect of electricity consumption. In order to meet energy demand through the use of electricity as an energy source for daily activities in buildings such as air conditioning, lighting, computers and cooking stoves., adequate allocation of energy resources and planning should be done, including predicting for electricity consumption. The process involves collecting data from the power grid of Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology building, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. The forecasting techniques were tested on the data collected, and the dataset consists of electricity consumption readings, with electricity price, humidity and temperature included in the forecasting model. The performances of regression model, artificial neural network and Kalman algorithm were tested using statistical evaluation parameters, root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE); while the parameter, standard deviation, was used to check the validity of models. This study identified Kalman algorithm as the most effective method of predicting consumption data compared to regression model, and artificial neural network.
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Kartashova, T., H. de Ridder, SF te Pas, and SC Pont. "A toolbox for volumetric visualization of light properties." Lighting Research & Technology 51, no. 6 (January 28, 2019): 838–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153518822159.
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In this paper, we introduce a toolbox for the perceptually based visualization of light in a volume, focusing on the visual effects of illumination. First, our visualizations extend the conventional methods from a two-dimensional representation on surfaces to the whole volume of a scene. Second, we extend the conventional methods from showing only light intensity to visualizing three light properties (mean illuminance, primary direction and diffuseness). To make our methods generally available and easily accessible, we provide a web-based tool, to which everybody can upload data, measured by a cubic or simple illuminance meter or even a smartphone-app, and generate a variety of three-dimensional visualizations of the light field. The importance of considering the light field in its full complexity (and thus as a three-dimensional vector field instead of its two-dimensional sections) is widely acknowledged. Our toolbox allows easy access to sophisticated methods for analysing the spatial distribution of light and its primary qualities as well as how they vary throughout space. It is our hope that our results raise interest in ‘third stage’ approaches to lighting research and design, and the toolbox offers a practical solution to this complex problem.
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Pantouvaki, Sofia. "Embodied interactions: Towards an exploration of the expressive and narrative potential of performance costume through wearable technologies." Scene 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2014): 179–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scene.2.1-2.179_1.
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The use of smart materials and wearable electronics has rapidly expanded in the field of fashion, introducing new interactive qualities of surfaces, materials and garments. In fashion garments, the performative environment functions as an abstract site for experimentation, expression and communication of the wearer through the intelligent garment. However, there is still limited use of embodied technologies in the field of performance costume for text-based and music-based performance, with the exception of integrated lighting technologies, currently broadly used in musical performance. This article provides a critical review of specific examples of technology-led garments in live performance, and uses a specific fragment from the Athens 2004 Olympic Games Opening Ceremony as a case study to highlight how technologies embedded in costume can create interactive interfaces between the body of the performer and the environment – the space, the other performers, the audience – becoming a transmitter and receiver of emotions, experiences and meanings in innovative ways. By analysing this case, as well as by posing questions, this article aims at generating a discourse on the expressive and narrative potential of the use of intelligent materials and embodied technologies within the creative practice of costume design.
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van der Merwe, Ingrid, Nigel C. Bennett, Abraham Haim, and Maria K. Oosthuizen. "Effects of the colour of photophase light on locomotor activity in a nocturnal and a diurnal South African rodent." Biology Letters 15, no. 10 (October 2019): 20190597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0597.
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Many physiological and behavioural responses to varying qualities of light, particularly during the night (scotophase), have been well documented in rodents. We used varying wavelengths of day-time (photophase) lighting to assess daily responses in locomotor activity in the nocturnal Namaqua rock mouse ( Micaelamys namaquensis ) and diurnal four-striped field mouse ( Rhabdomys pumilio ). Animals were exposed to three light–dark cycle regimes: a short-wavelength- (SWLC, blue), a medium-wavelength- (MWLC, green) and a long-wavelength light–dark cycle (LWLC, red). Overall, daily locomotor activity of both species changed according to different wavelengths of light: the diurnal species displayed most activity under the SWLC and the nocturnal species exhibited the highest levels of activity under the LWLC. Both species showed an increase in diurnal activity and a decrease in nocturnal activity under the LWLC. These results indicate an attenuated responsiveness to long-wavelength light in the nocturnal species, but this does not appear to be true for the diurnal species. These results emphasize that the effect of light on the locomotor activity of animals depends on both the properties of the light and the temporal organization of activity of a species.
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Nagare, Rohan, May Woo, Piers MacNaughton, Barbara Plitnick, Brandon Tinianov, and Mariana Figueiro. "Access to Daylight at Home Improves Circadian Alignment, Sleep, and Mental Health in Healthy Adults: A Crossover Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 9980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199980.
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As the primary environmental cue for the body’s master biological clock, light–dark patterns are key for circadian alignment and are ultimately fundamental to multiple dimensions of health including sleep and mental health. Although daylight provides the proper qualities of light for promoting circadian alignment, our modern indoor lifestyles offer fewer opportunities for adequate daylight exposure. This field study explores how increasing circadian-effective light in residences affects circadian phase, sleep, vitality, and mental health. In this crossover study, 20 residents spent one week in their apartments with electrochromic glass windows and another week with functionally standard windows with blinds. Calibrated light sensors revealed higher daytime circadian-effective light levels with the electrochromic glass windows, and participants exhibited consistent melatonin onset, a 22-min earlier sleep onset, and higher sleep regularity. In the blinds condition, participants exhibited a 15-min delay in dim light melatonin onset, a delay in subjective vitality throughout the day, and an overall lower positive affect. This study demonstrates the impact of daytime lighting on the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures of circadian health in a real-world environment and stresses the importance of designing buildings that optimize daylight for human health and wellbeing.
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Lee, Sung-Hee, Yeuseok Kwon, Hyunman Shin, Whobong Chang, Sang-Yeong Nam, Eui Yon Hong, Jae-Soon Cha, and Jeong Wook Heo. "In Vitro Effect on Light Qualities and Lighting Types Provided by Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) for the Mycelia Growth of Soil-Borne Fungal Pathogens in Apple." Research in Plant Disease 22, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 100–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/rpd.2016.22.2.100.
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Watchman, Mélanie, André Potvin, and Claude M. H. Demers. "A post-occupancy evaluation of the influence of wood on environmental comfort." BioResources 12, no. 4 (October 3, 2017): 8704–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.8704-8724.
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Emerging research on the impact of interior finishes, more specifically wood, is beginning to shed light on informed design opportunities. As a natural building material with unique features, wood creates warm and pleasant atmospheres and has the potential of enhancing the well-being of occupants. This research attempted to better understand how occupants perceive wood in built environments and whether its indoor use influenced the satisfaction of occupants. The comfort of occupants may have been influenced by factors that were unrelated to the indoor environmental quality, which caused difficulties in comparing interior finishes in existing environments and limited research in this field. An exploratory comparative study, within a post-occupancy evaluation framework, investigated the subjective perception of occupants in relation to physical comfort factors. Thirty-six occupants completed a questionnaire to examine comfort satisfaction in a multifunctional room with extensive wooden interior finishes in comparison with a similar space without wood surfaces. The results indicated that occupants were more satisfied in the extensive wood surfaced room in terms of lighting, noise, and temperature, despite the similar environmental conditions in both spaces. Adjectives often used to describe the wood room included bright, pleasant, modern, and warm. Architects should consider the subjective qualities of wood when designing comfortable buildings.
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Meiriana, Luky Rinda, Imam Santoso, and Erminawati Erminawati. "Perbedaan Angka Kuman Udara Ruang Operasi Sebelum dan Sesudah Sterilisasi Ultraviolet." JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN: Jurnal dan Aplikasi Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan 15, no. 1 (September 4, 2019): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.31964/jkl.v15i1.46.
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Difference In The Number Of Airborne Operation Room Before And After UV Sterilization. Hospitals become one where the occurrence of environmental pollution, health problems or can be a place of disease transmission. The operating room is a potentially high room causing nosocomial infections in the hospital, especially surgical wound infections. Bacteriological qualities of the general surgery and in-room surgery room, the researchers assume that there are variations in different ratio rates on the stages of laboratories measurement results. So it takes empirical clarity to see the difference. This study aimed to determine the difference in the number of airborne operating room fluid before and after UV sterilization in RSUD Ratu Zalecha Martapura. This study used design of experiments (one group pre and post test design), Population in this research was amount of air of operating room at Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital. The sample of this research was the air space bacteria OK 1 Ratu Zalecha Martapura Hospital total operating room amounted to 5 rooms.. Data were analyzed used paired sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that there are significant differences before surgery after sterilization with postoperative 1 before sterilization p value (0.015) ≤ nilai (0.05). Advice for sterilization officers operating room are check UV rays effectivity, maintenance of UV lighting and sterilization process should be done after room sterilization.
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Owen, W. Garrett, and Roberto G. Lopez. "Geranium and Purple Fountain Grass Leaf Pigmentation Is Influenced by End-of-Production Supplemental Lighting with Red and Blue Light-emitting Diodes." HortScience 52, no. 2 (February 2017): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci11098-16.
Full textAbstract:
Under low-light greenhouse conditions, anthocyanin pigmentation in vegetative tissues of red- or purple-leafed floricultural crops is not fully expressed and, consequently, plants are not as visually appealing to consumers. Our objective was to quantify the effect of end-of-production (EOP; before shipping) supplemental lighting (SL) of different light sources, qualities, and intensities on foliage color of geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum L.H. Bailey ‘Black Velvet’) and purple fountain grass [Pennisetum ×advena Wipff and Veldkamp (formerly known as Pennisetum setaceum Forsk. Chiov. ‘Rubrum’)]. Plants were finished under early (Expt. 1) and late (Expt. 2) seasonal greenhouse ambient solar light and provided with 16 hours of day-extension lighting from low-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) lamps [7:11:33:49 blue:green:red:far-red light ratio (%); control] delivering 4.5 μmol·m−2·s−1, or 16 hours of EOP SL from high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps delivering 70 μmol·m−2·s−1, or LED arrays (100:0, 87:13, 50:50, or 0:100 red:blue) delivering 100 μmol·m−2·s−1, or 0:100 red:blue LEDs delivering 25 or 50 μmol·m−2·s−1. Geranium and fountain grass chlorophyll content and leaf color were estimated using a SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter and Minolta tristimulus colorimeter, respectively. Relative chlorophyll content (RCC) and foliage L* (lightness), C* (chroma; a measure of saturation), and h° (hue angle; a measure of tone) values were significantly influenced by EOP SL and days of exposure. Generally, RCC of geranium and fountain grass increased from 3 to 14 days of exposure to EOP SL from HPS lamps and LEDs delivering 100 μmol·m−2·s−1. Under low daily light integrals (DLIs) [8.6 mol·m−2·d−1 (geranium) and 9.4 mol·m−2·d−1 (purple fountain grass)] EOP SL providing 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 of 100:0, 87:13, 50:50, or 0:100 red:blue light for ≥14 days resulted in lower L* (darker foliage), C* (saturated), and h° (orange to violet-red hues). Our data indicate that a minimum of 14 days of EOP SL providing 100 μmol·m−2·s−1 of 50:50 or 0:100 red:blue light enhanced foliage color of geranium and fountain grass leaves when plants were grown under a low greenhouse DLI ≤ 9 mol·m−2·d−1.
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Martynets, Liliia. "Development of the target program in the institution of general secondary education regarding the management of the process of formation of business qualities of schoolchildren." ScienceRise: Pedagogical Education, no. 4(43) (July 30, 2021): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4984.2021.238026.
Full textAbstract:
The most effective in the first problems of managing lighting systems in the first place is the program-centralized input. In the paper, the last steps of the school curriculum are discovered and the process of shaping the school curriculum is controlled. In general, the development of the whole program with clearly defined goals, objectives, predicted results, which is balanced with personnel and minds, obvious resources, is necessary. In the statistics, it is indicated, that the main program is intended for such goals: it is directed to the forecast of changes, updating the effectiveness of the foundation of the development and implementation of the strategy of development; it can make innovations straightforward, ensures the systematicity of the processes in the implementation of the innovation; works on the mission of the school, laying foundation for the image.
The approximate structure of the program is determined: substantiation of the problem; theoretical and methodological foundations; the purpose and objectives of the program; stages of program implementation; measures for the implementation of the program; Expected results; analysis and evaluation of the results of the innovation program.
It is established, that the development of the program has the following support: organizational support of the program – modernization of the working curriculum in accordance with the conceptual objectives of the institution; regulatory and legal support of the program – adjustment of the package of documents: development programs of the educational institution; target programs, regulations; scientific and methodological support of the program – theoretical substantiation of the subject of experimental research work; creation of a diagnostic complex for studying the personal sphere of pupils; organization of seminars, pedagogical consultations, scientific-practical conferences as effective means of directing self-educational activity of teachers on improvement of own experimental-research competence; development of special courses, focused on the formation of business qualities of pupils; material and technical support of the program – improvement of development of a methodical office; creation of a media cabinet; expansion of the school library fund, use of Internet opportunities, etc.
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Guo, Jinghua, Yan Yan, Lingdi Dong, Yonggang Jiao, Haizheng Xiong, Linqi Shi, Yu Tian, Yubo Yang, and Ainong Shi. "Quality Control Techniques and Related Factors for Hydroponic Leafy Vegetables." HortScience 54, no. 8 (August 2019): 1330–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci13853-18.
Full textAbstract:
Hydroponics has been an increasingly important field of vegetable production. However, a big issue with hydroponics is that certain crops can quickly accumulate high levels of nitrate-N (NO3 ± -N) from the hydroponic system. The objective of this research was to decrease NO3 accumulation and increase the nutritional value and yield of vegetable crops using lettuce and oilseed rape as a model under hydroponic production. In this study, two technologies were applied to leafy vegetable production: 1) using supplementary lighting (blue-violet diode) by manipulating illumination and 2) removing fertilization before harvest for a short term (3 or 5 days), thus providing a practical experiment for improving yield and edible qualities of hydroponic leaf vegetable production. Illumination was applied 4 hours a day (0500–0700 hr and 1700–1900 hr) during good weather, or 12 hours a day during bad weather with insufficient natural light (<2000 lux) during the autumn and winter seasons. Results showed that the lettuce cultivar Ou-Luo and the oilseed rape cultivar Ao-Guan Pakchoi had increased yield (50.0% and 88.3%, respectively), decreased NO3 content (26.3% and 30.8%, respectively), and increased total soluble solids (24.1% and 30.6%, respectively). The 5-day fertilizer-free treatment before harvest resulted in 19.2%, 6.4%, and 16.5% yield increases; and 26.0%, 24.3%, and 47.8% NO3 decreases in oilseed rape cultivar Ao-Guan Pakchoi and lettuce cultivars Da-Su-Sheng and Ou-Luo, respectively.