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Journal articles on the topic 'Lighting as orientation'
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1
Jamala, Nurul, Ramli Rahim, and Sharyzee Mohamad Shukri. "The Architectural Analysis of the Illuminance Level in the Workspace, Using Natural and Artificial Lighting in Graha Pena Building in Makassar, Indonesia." Journal of Design and Built Environment 21, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol21no1.1.
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Energy-efficient building design models are one of the factors that need to be considered in building planning. In the morning to evening, sunlight as a source of natural light can be used as a source of lighting in buildings. By utilizing natural light, it will reduce energy consumption in buildings. Air conditioning and lighting are important factors in designing energy efficient buildings. In this study, analyzing natural and artificial lighting at Graha Pena Makassar Building. The research method is quantitative by measuring and analyzing several workspaces that are directly and indirectly related to openings in the building envelope. statistical descriptive analysis, namely entering data into tables and graphs, then analyzing the level of illumination in the analyzed workspace. The research objective was to determine the level of illuminance in several workspaces with different orientations. How is the effect of natural light distribution on building orientation and how is the artificial lighting system at workspace in the Graha Pena Makassar. The results showed that the orientation of the building had an effect on the distribution of natural light into the space. The spatial orientation facing East has a higher distribution of natural light than that of the south. Workspaces that are not directly related to window openings in the building envelope are using artificial lighting systems in the form of lights. The workspace has uneven illumination levels in its work area, because the layout and placement of lighting points have not been well planned. The contribution of this research is a reference in designing a building facade design with an attractive appearance, and can maximize the use of solar energy as a source of natural lighting, while still paying attention to the visual comfort of space users.
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Hamdy, Muh Awaluddin, Nurul Jamala, Ramli Rahim, Baharuddin Hamzah, Rosady Mulyadi, and Asniawaty Kusno. "INTENSITAS CAHAYA ALAMI PADA RUANG KELAS PERKULIAHAN." ATRIUM: Jurnal Arsitektur 5, no. 1 (June 10, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v5i1.68.
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Title: Natural Light Intensity Analysis in Classroom; Case Study: Classroom at Bosowa University
Lighting is an important part of buildings in supporting the productivity of human labor. Insufficient lighting can interfere with human activities and could cause health problems, like eye disorders. Building design must consider the functions and needs so that residents can feel comfortable. Good lighting levels can be achieved by utilizing natural and artificial lighting. The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of illumination in a room that is directly related to the openings of the building envelope and to analyze the different levels of illumination in classrooms with different orientations. Quantitative research methods by distributing measurement data in the form of tables, diagrams and graphs. Data analysis was performed using statistics and data analysis techniques, the results of the measurement were statistically descriptive. This study analyzed the differences in the level of illumination in the northern orientation and southern orientation classrooms. Based on the results of the analysis it can be concluded that the orientation of the building affects the level of illumination in the room. During the day the level of illumination is higher in the direction of orientation north than the direction of orientation south, especially the measurement point in the area close to the openings of the building envelope, but in this study the direction of classroom orientation towards the south is higher the level of illumination compared to the north orientation classrooms. This is understood by the treatment of building glass sheaths in the north orientation direction in the form of the use of frosted glass wallpaper, so it can be concluded that changes to the building facade affect the level of room illumination. The results of this study are expected to be a reference in building facade concepts and designing energy-efficient buildings.
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Prayoga, Mochammad Ardi, Hartanto Budiyuwono, and Rahadian Prajudi. "Layout of Type 54 Affordable House in Kedung Badak Bogor City based on Lighting." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 137–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v2i1.47.
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Indonesian people considered the house as a basic necessity such as a house with a building area of 54 m2. The placement of the various layout to the sun’s orientation is related to the lightning. This led to the phenomenon of affordable housing development. The issue of this research is the layout of type 54 affordable house considered by the lighting. The focus of this research is the type 54 affordable house in Kedung Badak Baru in Bogor. The purpose of this research is to get layout design guidelines of type 54 affordable house which consider the lighting and give input to the next architect and government in Bogor. The research method is quantitative descriptive analytic. Tropical architecture design theory and lighting theory are used as a reference in making an analysis. The result is the interior less bright. It because the layout design was surrounded by another room and incorrect placement and size of openings. The conclusion is to design new layout based each orientation of type 54 affordable house. And it also to place the suitable openings properly which will able to utilize the light.
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Pierce, Robert S., and Xiaoling Liu. "Exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre composites for low-cost inspection and orientations analysis." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 23-24 (June 23, 2020): 869–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420934868.
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This work focusses on understanding and exploiting the optical reflectance behaviour of carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites for the non-destructive determination of fibre orientation and surface defects. By taking a series of images under different lighting conditions, fibre reflections have been isolated and MATLAB image analysis has been used to calculate the fibre orientations across the surface of the composite. An average peak method has been developed and validated against manual orientation measurements for two different applications: a machined scarf repair surface and a discontinuous fibre composite. The same experimental method and analysis code showed good results for both cases without modification, when at least 16 images with different directional lighting conditions are used. Hence, this low-cost approach can be applied to a diverse range of quality assurance and research applications where fibre orientations or other surface details need to be characterised.
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McGunnigle, G. "Estimating fibre orientation in spruce using lighting direction." IET Computer Vision 3, no. 3 (2009): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cvi.2008.0078.
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Yehorchenkov, Volodymyr, Oleh Sergeychuk, and Lidiia Koval. "Principles of the exposure natural lighting modeling of premises." Theory and Building Practice 2020, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2020.02.113.
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It’s well known that a criterion of estimating the varying natural lighting is exposure equal to the product of light intensity by its duration. Here we have made studies into the exposure in the room depending on the orientation of a light aperture and its location in space. The exposure has been considered by the example of three identical office rooms with the same light apertures oriented north, west and south and having three positions – vertical, inclined and horizontal. To calculate the annual exposure we made use of the well-known software package VELUX Daylight Visualizer 2. For convenience of analyzing the exposure there was introduced the concept of the natural exposure coefficient (NEC) which is a ratio between the exposure in the room and a simultaneous value of the outer exposure. Our studies have shown that exposure is an effective criterion to assess the indoor natural lighting in time. The existing system of estimating energy consumption in lighting buildings with the help of a simultaneous lighting is rough and does not take into account such factors as orientation of light apertures by the sides of the horizon and their location in space. The use of exposure let us improve the method of calculating energy consumption in lighting premises taking into account the light aperture location in space and their as orientation by the sides of the horizon. The numerical experiment performed has given a predicted result, namely, the most power-consuming room is the north-oriented one with the vertical light aperture and the least power-consuming room is the one with the horizontal light aperture. The room with the inclined light aperture has average energy consumption.
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Berry, Megan, David T. Booth, and Colin J. Limpus. "Artificial lighting and disrupted sea-finding behaviour in hatchling loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) on the Woongarra coast, south-east Queensland, Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 61, no. 2 (2013): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo13028.
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Coastal development adjacent to sea turtle nesting beaches can result in an increase in exposure to artificial lighting at night. That lighting can repel nesting females and interfere with the orientation of hatchlings from the nest to the sea. Disrupted hatchling orientation is a serious source of turtle mortality, sufficient to reduce recruitment and contribute to a long-term marine turtle population decline. The purpose of this study was to assess whether artificial lighting disrupts hatchling sea-finding behaviour at the largest loggerhead rookery in the South Pacific, the Woongarra coast, south-east Queensland. The crawling tracks of hatchlings that emerged from nests, as well as staged emergences, were used to assess the effect of lighting conditions at several local beaches on hatchling sea-finding behaviour. Disrupted orientation was observed at only a few locations, excluding the majority of the main nesting beach at Mon Repos Conservation Park. At the sites where orientation was disrupted, normal orientation was restored when a full moon was visible, presumably because lunar illumination reduced the perceived brightness of the artificial lights. The controlled use of lights used for guided turtle-viewing tour groups within Mon Repos conservation Park did not interfere with the sea-finding behaviour of hatchling turtles. Further coastal development, especially at the nearby town of Bargara, requires that a light management plan be formulated to ensure that development does not adversely affect the marine turtles that utilise the local nesting beaches.
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Hill, Harold, and Vicki Bruce. "Independent Effects of Lighting, Orientation, and Stereopsis on the Hollow-Face Illusion." Perception 22, no. 8 (August 1993): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220887.
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Three experiments were conducted to investigate factors contributing to the ‘hollow face’ illusion. A novel method was employed in which the distance from the mask at which the illusion became apparent or disappeared, when retreating or approaching, respectively, was taken as a measure of the strength of the illusion. In all the experiments an effect of direction of observer's movement was found, demonstrating the stability of the initial percept. Upright orientations were compared with inverted ones to investigate if the illusion reflects a bias towards a familiar percept. The direction of lighting was also varied. Independent main effects of orientation and lighting were found to be consistent with preferences both for upright faces and for top lighting. However, inverted faces also produced the illusion to some extent, suggesting a general preference for convexity. The role of stereopsis in resolving the illusion was tested by comparing monocular with binocular viewing conditions. Monocular viewing conditions gave rise to shorter distances, suggesting that the retinal disparities available with binocular viewing are important in disambiguating the illusion at small distances. The results are interpreted within the framework of a 22-dimensional sketch derived from independent modular processing of visual information.
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Papi, Floriano, Anna Gagliardo, and Enrico Meschini. "Moon orientation in sandhoppers: effects of lighting treatments on the persistence of orientation ability." Marine Biology 150, no. 5 (July 29, 2006): 953–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00227-006-0404-3.
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Shi, Tianru, Danhui Hu, Xiang Ren, Zeqi Huang, Yaodong Zhang, and Jianlan Yang. "Investigation on the Lightning Location and Warning System Using Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Sensors 2021 (September 4, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6108223.
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An in-depth study on a lighting location system is conducted in this paper. Firstly, the history and application of this system are summarized. The overall structure is detailed, including the detection principle of the lightning location, the orientation method, the detection circuit, the method of discriminating cloud flash and ground lightning signal, the error analysis, the guideline for station deployment, the preprocessing of the central station, and the function and structure of data server and user interface. The development of a lightning monitoring system in China is presented, and the construction of a new generation of a lightning location system in the Hubei Province power grid is introduced. Through the collection of measured data, the performance of the lightning location system in the lightning accident inspection rate, lightning location, and lightning situation statistics are analyzed. Artificial intelligence algorithms are applied in the lightning warning system. The new system has a high predicting accuracy.
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Kaminska, Aniela. "Impact of Building Orientation on Daylight Availability and Energy Savings Potential in an Academic Classroom." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 19, 2020): 4916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184916.
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In this paper, daylight availability depending on building orientation in a typical educational classroom was investigated. Measurements of daylight illuminance distributions in the room depth for different illuminance outside the building allowed to determine the conditions when the luminaires in a classroom could be turned off, turned on, or dimmed. The outdoor daylight illuminance on the south-east and north façade of the building was recorded and the numbers of hours per year of university activity during which the lighting had to be switched on (up to 100% or brightened) were determined. Based on these numbers and luminaires powers the electricity consumption for lighting was estimated. It was proven that by using dimming control depending on daylight distribution in a room, comparable energy savings could be achieved for different building orientations. These savings of over 30% were greater than through the implementation of on/off control which, for a south-east oriented classroom reached about 28% and for a north-oriented one they were two times lower. Economic analysis showed payback time for dimming control around two years, which was longer than for on/off control. The electricity consumption estimated experimentally was also compared with the lighting energy numerical indicator (LENI) calculated according the standard EN 15193 1: 2017.
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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, and Ronald B. Gibbons. "Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (January 2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-06.
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Nighttime crashes at work zones are major concerns for construction workers and motorists. Although in a majority of the U.S. states, department of transportation specifications for work zone lighting mention that contractors should reduce glare for workers and drivers, only two states advocate detailed specifications like light positions, orientation, and light levels. Although some studies have examined the impact of glare from work zone lights on workers and others have calculated veiling luminance levels for drivers in the work zone, the effect of work zone lighting on drivers’ visual performance and glare perception has never been studied in a realistic setting. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of commercially available portable light towers (metal halide, LED, and balloon) and their orientation on drivers’ visual performance and their perceptions of glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone simulated on the Virginia Smart Road. Visual performance was assessed by a detection task and perception of visibility and glare were assessed by questionnaires. Results indicated that the type of light tower and its orientation affect visual performance and perceptions of visibility and glare. Light towers aimed toward the driver resulted in lowering drivers’ visual performance, both objectively and subjectively. When the light towers were aimed away from or perpendicular to the driver, the visual performance was higher and the differences in visual performance between the types of light towers were minimal. These findings indicate that these orientations should be preferred for work zone light towers.
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Zhou, Zhi Hua, Shan Hu, and Tao Du. "Study on Determination of Best Window-Wall Ratio of Office Building in Cold Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 260-261 (December 2012): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.260-261.209.
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The cooling and heating load caused by the heat transfer of the window is significantly greater than that caused by the heat transfer of wall because of the large heat transfer coefficient of the window. At the same time, the sun radiate heat through the window into indoor can increase the cooling load and decrease the heating load; the natural lighting enhances, and the lighting energy consumption decreases because of entering sunlight. The paper took a low energy consumption office building in the northern China for example, synthetically analyzed the cooling energy consumption, heating energy consumption and lighting energy consumption of every orientation under the condition of lighting control or no lighting control. The results show that comparing with no lighting control, the energy consumption with lighting control is less. When using lighting control, the best WWR of south, north, east, west are 0.35, 0.3, 0.3, 0.25, respectively; then the building energy saving rate is 8.2%.
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Enns, James T., and David I. Shore. "Separate influences of orientation and lighting in the inverted-face effect." Perception & Psychophysics 59, no. 1 (January 1997): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03206844.
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Prayoga, Mochammad Ardi, Hartanto Budiyuwono, and Rahadian Prajudi. "TATA RUANG DALAM RUMAH SEDERHANA T-54 PERUMAHAN KEDUNG BADAK BARU BOGOR DITINJAU DARI PENCAHAYAAN." ARTEKS, Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/artk.v2i2.149.
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Populasi masyarakat Indonesia menuntut akan rumah tinggal seperti halnya pada rumah dengan tipe luas bangunan 54 m2. Penempatan bangunan tersebut beragam tata letaknya terhadap orientasi matahari yang terpengaruh pula terhadap pencahayaan. Hal ini memunculkan fenomena program pembangunan rumah sederhana. Isu dari penelitian ini adalah tata ruang dalam rumah sederhana tipe 54 yang ditinjau dari pencahayaan. Fokus penelitian ini adalah bangunan rumah tinggal sederhana tipe 54 di Komplek Perumahan Kedung Badak Baru Kota Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan pedoman perancangan tata ruang dalam bangunan rumah tinggal sederhana tipe 54 yang mempertimbangkan pencahayaan dan diharapkan dapat memberi masukan bagi perencana dan pemerintah di Kota Bogor. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif analitik. Teori perancangan arsitektur tropis dan teori pencahayaan digunakan sebagai acuan dasar dalam membuat analisis. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ruang dalam yang gelap karena adanya ruangan yang terkurung dan penempatan tipe bukaan yang tidak tepat. Simpulan yang didapat adalah perubahan tata ruang dalam berdasarkan orientasi bangunan dan tipe bukaan yang ditempatkan secara tepat akan dapat memanfaatkan cahaya.Kata kunci: rumah sederhana tipe 54, tata ruang dalam, pencahayaan Title: Layout of Type 54 Affordable House in Kedung Badak Bogor City based on Lighting Indonesian people considered the house as a basic necessity such as a house with a building area of 54 m2. The placement of the various layout to the sun’s orientation is related to the lightning. This lead to the phenomenon of affordable housing development. The issue of this research is the layout of type 54 affordable house considered by the lighting. The focus of this research is the type 54 affordable house in Kedung Badak Baru in Bogor. The purpose of this research is to get layout design guidelines of type 54 affordable house which consider the lighting and give input to the next architect and government in Bogor. The research method is quantitative descriptive analytic. Tropical architecture design theory and lighting theory are used as a reference in making an analysis. The result is the interior less bright. It because the layout design was surrounded by another room and incorrect placement and size of openings. The conclusion is to design new layout based each orientation of type 54 affordable house. And it also to place the suitable openings properly which will able to utilize the light. Keywords: affordable house type 54, layout, lighting
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Grujic, Marija, and Jasna Kavran. "Daylight utilisation potentials of highly glazed individual office spaces in Belgrade climate condition." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 4 (2018): 1105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170531224g.
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Office buildings have high standards for lighting requirements, which greatly contribute to high lighting energy consumption. Daylight utilization is one of the means to reduce it. The goal of this paper is to evaluate daylight utilization potentials in Belgrade climate in order to generate initial design guideline for highly glazed small, individual office spaces. Daylight availability and its lighting energy implications are analyzed using computer simulation tool DIVA for Rhino. Selected individual office space is modelled as a narrow rectangular space, sidelit and highly glazed. Parametric analysis was carried out for: four different glazing ratios (50, 60, 70, and 85%), four glazing types with different visible transmittance properties (80, 72, 62, and 54%), and four different major orientations. Since this analysis is evaluating daylight utilization potentials, no shades or external obstructions were considered. The major results of this study indicate high potential for daylight utilization in office buildings in Belgrade. Daylight utilization in single offices is reaching its maximum in model with 70% window-to-wall ratio for all office orientations except north orientation, where daylight utilization is reaching its maximum at maximum window-to-wall ratio. Also, north orientated spaces have highest benefits from utilization of useful diffuse daylight. Direct sunlight and size and shape of fa?ade aperture above working plane are determining factors for utilization of daylight in office spaces.
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Putri, Aisyah Anindya, Dyah Nurwidyaningrum, and Tri Wulan Sari. "Natural L ighting of Studio Apartment with East-Oriented Opening." Logic : Jurnal Rancang Bangun dan Teknologi 21, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/logic.v21i1.2256.
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Less optimized natural lighting would result in apartment residents being dependent on artificial lighting, thus increasing energy consumption. Building opening orientation considerably influences the natural light intensity. This research aimed to analyze the natural lighting pattern on apartment units with east-oriented opening orientation and determine methods to support the existing condition to be optimized. This research applied the descriptive analysis research method assumed from calculation outcome of the software DIALux. Results indicated a proportion of units in The H-Residence Apartment do not meet the requirements specified by SNI 03 6197-2011, predominantly in the kitchen area. The average light intensity in a day in units with east-oriented opening reached its peak at 08.00 – 09.00 a.m. and decreased towards 16.00 p.m. following the sun path. The light intensity in numerous areas exceeded the requirements significantly. Other factors influencing the natural light distribution are layout and interior element. Several ways to optimize the natural light intensity utilization are adding suitable shading device, using dark-colored interior elements, and considering the sun path in designing building openings.
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Masui, Hisashi, and Shuji Nakamura. "Nonpolar and Semipolar Orientations: Material Growth and Properties." Materials Science Forum 590 (August 2008): 211–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.590.211.
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Nitride-based optoelectronic devices prepared in the c orientation have been successfully introduced to the global marketplace and are changing the way we think about lighting. A part of the research interest has shifted toward nonpolar and semipolar orientations, which has the potential to broaden the scope and impact of this technology. This is because quantum-well structures prepared in nonpolar and semipolar orientations are able to suppress the quantum-confinement Stark effect, which has a negative impact on optoelectronic device performance. The lower crystal symmetry of such orientations provides spontaneously polarized light emission. Despite these attractive properties of nonpolar and semipolar orientations, the corresponding materials growth is not trivial. The present chapter discusses our efforts on growth of III-nitride materials in nonpolar and semipolar orientations and the related material properties.
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Koizumi, Tomomi, Hiroyuki Ito, Shoji Sunaga, Masaki Ogawa, and Erika Tomimatsu. "Assumed Lighting Direction in the Interpretation of Cast Shadows." i-Perception 9, no. 4 (July 2018): 204166951879057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518790576.
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Assumed lighting direction in cast-shadow interpretation was investigated. Experiment 1 used an ambiguous object–shadow-matching task to measure bias in shadow-matching direction. The shadow-matching bias was largest when the lighting direction was on average 38.3° left from above (a median of 25.1°). Experiment 2 tested the effect of body posture (head orientation) on cast-shadow interpretation using stimuli aligned in a head-centrically vertical or horizontal orientation. The below-shadow (light-from-above) bias in the head-centric frame was robust across the sitting upright, reclining-on-the-left-side, reclining-on-the-right-side, and supine conditions. A right-shadow (light-from-left) bias in the head-centric frame was found for the sitting upright and reclining-on-the-right-side conditions. In the reclining-on-the-left-side condition, shadow biases to the gravitational below direction and head-centric right direction may have cancelled each other out. These results are consistent with findings from previous shape-from-shading studies, suggesting that the same light-source assumption is applied to shading and shadow interpretations.
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Peters, Anne, and Koen J. F. Verhoeven. "Impact of Artificial Lighting on the Seaward Orientation of Hatchling Loggerhead Turtles." Journal of Herpetology 28, no. 1 (March 1994): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564691.
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Tsukiyama, Toshifumi. "Measuring the distance and orientation of a planar surface using nonstructured lighting." Systems and Computers in Japan 27, no. 8 (1996): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scj.4690270807.
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Priyadi; Mira Dewi Setiawan, Henry. "THE ROLES OF GLASS BLOCK APERTURES IN NATURAL LIGHT DISTRIBUTION FOR THE PRODUCTION ACTIVITY OF CV. EVERGREEN BUANA SANDANG." Riset Arsitektur (RISA) 1, no. 04 (October 18, 2017): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/risa.v1i04.2754.427-446.
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Abstract- A factory within the industrial field is both productive and commercial, with profit as its main orientation of activity. One of the efforts to minimize production cost in a factory is electricity saving through optimizing the utilization of natural lightning as a substitute for the use of lamplight. The lighting design in a factory area of production has to concur with specific activities conducted. The level of illumination and sufficient illumination comfort may improve both workers’ eyesight and concentration. Glass blocks form one of the commonly chosen materials to be applied as natural light apertures. From an economic point of view, glass block material has an edge in terms of low production cost and maintenance. CV. Evergreen Buana Prima Sandang, as children’s clothing factory utilizes natural lighting through glass block apertures, applied to the entire production area and all production stages from beginning to end. Based on theoretical study, they cannot be used to optimize natural lighting in a room, because there is no control over the direction and quality of incoming light. As a host of different activities, the factory’s production area requires a differing quantity of lighting. The research was conducted with the descriptive method and the quantitative approach, starting from initial observation of the study object, the medium of interviews and study of the relevant background literature derived from numerous sources. This was followed by direct measurement in the field as well as design simulation of natural lighting. In the analytical process, the influence of conditions around the spot on the intensity of the light source is described along with the role of glass-block apertures in fulfilling the requirement of light intensity illuminating work space, the influence of types and properties of glass blocks, as well as the influence of position and dimension of the apertures on natural light distribution covering each area of production. Keywords: glass block, natural light, production area, children’s clothing company
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Goulard, Roman, Anna Verbe, Jean-Louis Vercher, and Stéphane Viollet. "Role of the light source position in freely falling hoverflies' stabilization performances." Biology Letters 14, no. 5 (May 2018): 20180051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2018.0051.
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The stabilization of plummeting hoverflies was filmed and analysed in terms of their wingbeat initiation times as well as the crash and stabilization rates. The flies experienced near-weightlessness for a period of time that depended on their ability to counteract the free fall by triggering their wingbeats. In this paradigm, hoverflies' flight stabilization strategies were investigated here for the first time under two different positions of the light source (overhead and bottom lighting). The crash rates were higher in bottom lighting conditions than with top lighting. In addition, adding a texture to the walls reduced the crash rates only in the overhead lighting condition. The position of the lighting also significantly affected both the stabilization rates and the time taken by the flies to stabilize, which decreased and increased under bottom lighting conditions, respectively, whereas textured walls increased the stabilization rates under both lighting conditions. These results support the idea that flies may mainly base their flight control strategy on visual cues and particularly that the light distribution in the visual field may provide reliable, efficient cues for estimating their orientation with respect to an allocentric reference frame. In addition, the finding that the hoverflies' optic flow-based motion detection ability is affected by the position of the light source in their visual field suggests the occurrence of interactions between movement perception and this visual vertical perception process.
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Deram, Paul, Mark G. Lefsrud, and Valérie Orsat. "Supplemental Lighting Orientation and Red-to-blue Ratio of Light-emitting Diodes for Greenhouse Tomato Production." HortScience 49, no. 4 (April 2014): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.49.4.448.
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Current greenhouse supplemental lighting technology uses broad-spectrum high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) that, despite being an excellent luminous source, are not the most efficient light source for plant production. Specific light frequencies in the 400- to 700-nm range have been shown to affect photosynthesis more directly than other wavelengths (especially in the red and blue ranges). Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) could diminish lighting costs as a result of their high efficiency, lower operating temperatures, and wavelength specificity. LEDs can be selected to target the wavelengths used by plants, enabling growers to customize the light produced, to enable maximum plant production and limit wavelengths that do not significantly impact plant growth. In our experiment, hydroponically grown tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were grown using a full factorial design with three light intensities (high: 135 μmol·m−2·s−1, medium: 115 μmol·m−2·s−1, and low: 100 μmol·m−2·s−1) at three red (661 nm) to blue (449 nm) ratio levels (5:1, 10:1, and 19:1). Secondary treatments for comparison were 100% HPS, 100% red LED light supplied from above the plant, 100% red LED light supplied below the plant, a 50%:50% LED:HPS mixture, and a control (no supplemental lighting). Both runs of the experiment lasted 120 days during the Summer–Fall 2011 and the Winter–Spring 2011–12. The highest biomass production (excluding fruit) occurred with the 19:1 ratio (red to blue) with increasing intensity resulting in more growth, whereas a higher fruit production was obtained using the 5:1 ratio. The highest marketable fruit production (fruit over 90 g) was obtained with the 50%:50% LED:HPS followed by 5:1 high and 19:1 high. Consistently the 5:1 high performed well in every category. LEDs have been shown to be superior in fruit production over HPS alone, and LEDs can improve tomato fruit production when mixed with HPS. LEDs provide a promising mechanism to enhance greenhouse artificial lighting systems.
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Bass, Lindsey, Nicholas Alexander Meisel, and Christopher B. Williams. "Exploring variability of orientation and aging effects in material properties of multi-material jetting parts." Rapid Prototyping Journal 22, no. 5 (August 15, 2016): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2015-0169.
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Purpose Understanding how material jetting process parameters affect material properties can inform design and print orientation when manufacturing end-use components. This study aims to explore the robustness of material properties in material jetted components to variations in processing environment and build orientation. Design/methodology/approach The authors characterized the properties of six different material gradients produced from preset “digital material” mixes of polypropylene-like (VeroWhitePlus) and elastomer-like (TangoBlackPlus) materials. Tensile stress, modulus of elasticity and elongation at break were analyzed for each material printed at three different build orientations. In a separate ten-week study, the authors investigated the effects of aging in different lighting conditions on material properties. Findings Specimens fabricated with their longest dimension along the direction of the print head travel (X-axis) tended to have the largest tensile strength, but trends in elastic modulus and elongation at break varied between the rigid and flexible photopolymers. The aging study showed that the ultimate tensile stress of VeroWhitePlus parts increased and the elongation decreased over time. Material properties were not significantly altered by lighting conditions. Research limitations/implications Many tensile specimens failed at the neck region, especially for the more elastomeric parts. It is hypothesized that this is due to the material jetting process approximating curves with a pixelated droplet arrangement, instead of curved contour as seen in other additive manufacturing processes. A new tensile specimen design that performs more consistently with elastomer-like materials should be considered. The aging component of this study is focused solely on polypropylene-like (VeroWhitePlus) material; additional research into the effects of aging on multiple composite materials is needed. Originality/value The study provides the first known description of orientation effects on the mechanical behavior of photopolymers containing varied concentrations of elastomeric (TangoBlackPlus) material. The aging study presents the first findings on how time affects parts made via material jetting.
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WU, JUI-CHEN, JUN-WEI HSIEH, SIN-YU CHEN, CHENG-MIN TU, and YUNG-SHENG CHEN. "VEHICLE ORIENTATION ANALYSIS USING EIGEN COLOR, EDGE MAP, AND NORMALIZED CUT CLUSTERING." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 24, no. 05 (August 2010): 823–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001410008111.
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This paper proposes a novel approach for estimating vehicles' orientations from still images using "eigen color" and edge map through a clustering framework. To extract the eigen color, a novel color transform model is used for roughly segmenting a vehicle from its background. The model is invariant to various situations like contrast changes, background, and lighting. It does not need to be re-estimated for any new vehicles. In this eigen color space, different vehicle regions can be easily identified. However, since the problem of object segmentation is still ill-posed, only with this model, the shape of a vehicle cannot be well extracted from its background and thus affects the accuracy of orientation estimation. In order to solve this problem, the distributions of vehicle edges and colors are then integrated together to form a powerful but high-dimensional feature space. Since the feature dimension is high, the normalized cut spectral clustering (Ncut) is then used for feature reduction and orientation clustering. The criterion in Ncut tries to minimize the ratio of the total dissimilarity between groups to the total similarity within the groups. Then, the vehicle orientation can be analyzed using the eigenvectors derived from the Ncut result. The proposed framework needs only one still image and is thus very different to traditional methods which need motion features to determine vehicle orientations. Experimental results reveal the superior performances in vehicle orientation analysis.
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Levchaev, P. A. "Energy efficiency as a key area of innovative economy of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 161 (2020): 01025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016101025.
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The article studies the cluster form of organization and financing for energy efficiency projects in the Republic of Mordovia «Energy efficient lighting engineering and intellectual lighting control system». Methodology of system approach allows revealing the purpose and objectives of the cluster, the structure and composition of its elemental base, the funding mechanism and the results. From the position of an integrated approach characterized by an innovative orientation of development of economy of region. Shown the most significant and promising projects in the field of energy efficiency - the production of modules for solar panels, energy-efficient housing construction and biogas plant.
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Chun, Changhoo, Robert J. Joly, and Cary A. Mitchell. "Effects of Fluorescent Intracanopy Lighting on Cowpea Canopy Productivity and Yield." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 579c—579. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.579c.
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The planophile (horizontal) leaf presentation of closed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) leaf canopies limits PAR absorption from overhead lamps to the top layer of overlapping leaves, resulting in suboptimal canopy photosynthesis and premature senescence and abscission of lower, shaded leaves. Very low crop yield rates have been obtained in growth chamber studies using dense cowpea stands compared to greenhouse and field studies using more widely spaced plants. Nine separate growth compartments were constructed in each of two growth rooms. Eight or sixteen 15-W fluorescent lamps were mounted horizontally or vertically in tiers within each compartment, remote from their ballasts, and which can be switched on or off separately according to different lighting strategies. Mylar sleeves around each tube prevents contacting leaves from overheating. Intracanopy lighting arrangements draw from 0.27 to 0.54 kW of power/m3 of growth volume, compared to 1.18 kW·m–3 for traditional overhead lighting. PPF within compartments varies from 80 to 280 mmol·m–2·s–1, depending on sensor location, lamp arrangement, and lamp number. Each compartment is equipped with a recirculating hydroponic system. One room is operated with overhead plus intracanopy lighting, whereas the other utilizes intracanopy lighting only. Cowpea canopies are being grown under different lighting strategies and compared for growth, yield, productivity, leaf orientation, and individual leaf gas-exchange rates. Electrical power draw and total electrical energy consumption are being compared among treatments.
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Mandala, Ariani. "DESAIN RUANG DAN PENCAHAYAAN BUATAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG SUASANA KONTEMPLASI PADA GEREJA KATOLIK REGINA CAELI, JAKARTA." ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur 1, no. 2 (June 7, 2020): 181–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v1i2.48.
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Title: Space and Lighting Design to Support Contemplation Atmosphere in Regina Caeli Catholic Church, Jakarta
The study examines how the light and space in the Church of Regina Caeli able to reinforce the presence of God?s impression and support contemplation?s atmosphere. The discussion reviewed by spatial elements (lobby/narthex, pulpit/nave, and sanctuary/chancel), enclosure elements (floors, walls, ceilings), and interior elements (furniture, decoration, and symbols). The lighting aspects explored are physical aspect (light source, technique, light distribution, colour, and level of light) and perception aspect (psychology of light). The study shows that the lighting support contemplation by emphasizing the sacred-secular space?s transition and strengthen the sacred space?s orientation. The contemplation is weakened due to the excessive number of liturgical symbols that blurring the people?s focus. As a pluriform church, Regina Caeli applying the combined effect of vertical and horizontal shape and space, but the lighting only emphasizes the horizontal effect that caused the impression of a church that is humane.
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Ezpeleta, Silvia, Elvira Orduna-Hospital, Teresa Solana, Justiniano Aporta, Isabel Pinilla, and Ana Sánchez-Cano. "Analysis of Photopic and Melanopic Lighting in Teaching Environments." Buildings 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings11100439.
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Daylight and lighting seem to be a key tool for people’s well-being, however, there are no specific and agreed recommendations that address both photopic and melanopic aspects in educational environments. The present work analyzed melanopic light in four teaching environments considering photopic indoor lighting, daylight depending on the window orientation, location of the observer in the room, and their line of view. The façade direction, daylight at 11.00 a.m. for six months from October to March, and the characteristics of each classroom, such as reflectance of the surfaces, location of the luminaires and their spectral and spatial power distributions, or calculation points affecting the melanopic light reaching the corneal vertical plane of a hypothetical control observer were studied. For this evaluation, classrooms were experimentally treated and simulated using DialuxEvo software, and the computer-generated values resembled the experimental values. Once the study was performed, an improvement proposal, based on LED lighting, was made to optimize the classroom lighting considering the melanopic requirements, which we ensured that users who passed through these classrooms had an adequate amount light at any time of the day. Our results simplify to the greatest lighting projects and enable designers to carry out optimized evaluations of specific environments from both the photometric and circadian perspectives.
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Zhang, Ye, Zhi Yong Deng, and Xu Jia Li. "Illumination Oriented Function Design of Beijing Sanlitun Village Commercial Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1573–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1573.
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Though the on-the–spot investigation on the successful case-Beijing Sanlitun Village mall nightscape illumination, this article made a thorough analysis and interpretation on people’s visual psychological experience in the space, light and color application, lighting method and other illumination elements. It summarized the basic principles of illumination indirect-orientation and design rules in oriented system. In the illumination design, landmark illumination, auxiliary illumination and self-lighting in oriented system are supposed to be the important elements in the nightscape illumination oriented system. The designers should first select an illumination method reasonably combined with architectural form, and then stress the illumination on the key points of the oriented system, creating rhythmic changes of light.
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Hong, Qingqi, Yiwei Ding, Jinpeng Lin, Meihong Wang, Qingyang Wei, Xianwei Wang, and Ming Zeng. "Image-Based Automatic Watermeter Reading under Challenging Environments." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020434.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and fifth-generation mobile network technologies, automatic instrument reading has become an increasingly important topic for intelligent sensors in smart cities. We propose a full pipeline to automatically read watermeters based on a single image, using deep learning methods to provide new technical support for an intelligent water meter reading. To handle the various challenging environments where watermeters reside, our pipeline disentangled the task into individual subtasks based on the structures of typical watermeters. These subtasks include component localization, orientation alignment, spatial layout guidance reading, and regression-based pointer reading. The devised algorithms for orientation alignment and spatial layout guidance are tailored to improve the robustness of our neural network. We also collect images of watermeters in real scenes and build a dataset for training and evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method even under challenging environments with varying lighting, occlusions, and different orientations. Thanks to the lightweight algorithms adopted in our pipeline, the system can be easily deployed and fully automated.
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Hong, Qingqi, Yiwei Ding, Jinpeng Lin, Meihong Wang, Qingyang Wei, Xianwei Wang, and Ming Zeng. "Image-Based Automatic Watermeter Reading under Challenging Environments." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 9, 2021): 434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020434.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and fifth-generation mobile network technologies, automatic instrument reading has become an increasingly important topic for intelligent sensors in smart cities. We propose a full pipeline to automatically read watermeters based on a single image, using deep learning methods to provide new technical support for an intelligent water meter reading. To handle the various challenging environments where watermeters reside, our pipeline disentangled the task into individual subtasks based on the structures of typical watermeters. These subtasks include component localization, orientation alignment, spatial layout guidance reading, and regression-based pointer reading. The devised algorithms for orientation alignment and spatial layout guidance are tailored to improve the robustness of our neural network. We also collect images of watermeters in real scenes and build a dataset for training and evaluation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method even under challenging environments with varying lighting, occlusions, and different orientations. Thanks to the lightweight algorithms adopted in our pipeline, the system can be easily deployed and fully automated.
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KUDREWICZ, JACEK. "ONE-DIMENSIONAL DYNAMICS OF THE VAN DER POL CIRCUIT." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, no. 12 (December 2012): 1250306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412503063.
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The van der Pol circuit with neon glow lamp operates as a relaxation oscillator driven by a sinusoidal voltage source. Its dynamics is described by the function which maps an arc of circle into itself, preserves orientation on this arc, and has at most one jump-discontinuity point on the circle. Properties of this mapping are discussed with emphasis on rotation numbers, types of periodic orbits, saddle-node and border-collision bifurcations. The so-called period-adding phenomenon is explained. Some remarks are given about dynamics, where the mapping does not preserve the orientation because of too long neon lamp lighting.
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Witherington, Blair E., and Karen A. Bjorndal. "Influences of artificial lighting on the seaward orientation of hatchling loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta." Biological Conservation 55, no. 2 (1991): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(91)90053-c.
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Limpus, Col, and Ruth L. Kamrowski. "Ocean-finding in marine turtles: the importance of low horizon elevation as an orientation cue." Behaviour 150, no. 8 (2013): 863–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003083.
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Sea finding behaviour in hatchling sea turtles is widely believed to be guided by orientation towards the brightest horizon and away from high silhouettes. We propose that the horizon profile at the lowest angle of elevation is a more important cue for ocean finding than light intensity. Examples of hatchling orientation occurring at natural nest sites, at preselected beach release sites, and within a walled wooden arena under various conditions in the field, are presented. We conclude that hatchlings orient as follows: (1) Hatchlings move towards the horizon line at the lowest angle of elevation; (2) Hatchlings move away from high silhouettes, in a direction that remains close to the horizon line at the lowest angle of elevation; (3) Should a conflict exist regarding the direction of lowest horizon elevation, hatchlings move towards the brightest lowest horizon. This refinement to current theory explains numerous instances of natural non-ocean-finding behaviour in marine turtles, which occur both by day and by night, and in the absence of artificial lighting. We propose that the disruption caused to hatchling orientation by artificial lighting close to nesting beaches occurs because bright lights mask the horizon line as a cue by making it impossible to discern, causing the hatchlings to move towards the only visible “horizon” — the artificial lights. Consequently, we recommend that managers of sea turtle rookeries where turtles have an ocean-finding problem should manipulate the beach profile to ensure the direction of the ocean matches the lowest angle of elevation, in combination with light reduction strategies — as the most effective means of preventing disrupted orientation.
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Y. Azmy, Neveen, and Rania E. Ashmawy. "Effect of the Window Position in the Building Envelope on Energy Consumption." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 1861. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11174.
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Windows play a significant role as they largely influence the energy load. Although there are many studies on the energy-efficient windows design, there is still a lack in information about the mutual impact of windows’ size, position and orientation on the energy loads. In this paper, the effect of different window positions and orientations on the energy consumption in a typical room in an administrative building that is located in the hot climatic conditions of Cairo city, Egypt is considered. This case study has been modeled and analyzed to achieve good environmental performance for architectural space, as well as assessing its impact on the amount of natural lighting required by using the Energy Plus program. The study concludes that the WWR (Window Wall Ratio) 20% square north-oriented upper opening consumes 25% lower energy than the rectangular 3:1 opening in the lower west-oriented façade. The upper openings are the highest in terms of light intensity, as they cover about 50% of the room area. The WWR 30% rectangular north-oriented upper 3:1 opening consumes 29% lower energy than the rectangular lower 3:1opening in the façade. Regarding light intensity, the upper openings are the best for natural lighting as the light covers more than 60% of the room area.
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Speck, J. S., and S. F. Chichibu. "Nonpolar and Semipolar Group III Nitride-Based Materials." MRS Bulletin 34, no. 5 (May 2009): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2009.91.
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AbstractGaN and its alloys with InN and AlN are materials systems that have enabled the revolution in solid-state lighting and high-power/high-frequency electronics. GaN-based materials naturally form in a hexagonal wurtzite structure and are naturally grown in a (0001) c-axis orientation. Because the wurtzite structure is polar, GaN-based heterostructures have large internal electric fields due to discontinuities in spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization. For optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes and laser diodes, the internal electric field is generally deleterious as it causes a spatial separation of electron and hole wave functions in the quantum wells, which, in turn, likely decreases efficiency. Growth of GaN-based heterostructures in alternative orientations, which have reduced (semipolar orientations) or no polarization (nonpolar) in the growth direction, has been a major area of research in recent years. This issue highlights many of the key developments in nonpolar and semipolar nitride materials and devices.
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Pourdeyhemi, B. "Characterizing Fiber Diameter Variability in Nonwovens." International Nonwovens Journal os-8, no. 1 (March 1999): 1558925099OS—80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558925099os-800118.
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This paper reports on the application of the image analysis methods for characterizing fiber orientation in nonwovens. In our earlier work in this area, we reported on simulation methods as well as three methods (chord tracking, Fourier transform and Flow Field Analysis) for the measurement of fiber orientation. The chord tracking was found to be the method of choice when a direct measure of orientation was desired. This paper outlines the steps necessary to apply the chord tracking method to real fabrics. In order to deal with real webs, it was found necessary to develop a lighting scheme that resulted in images with sufficient contrast suitable for processing as well as to develop an appropriate thresholding method to obtain data suitable for analysis. Further, it is demonstrated that fiber diameter variation can be determined easily by using a “distance transform” method.
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Johnston, Alan, Harold Hill, and Nicole Carman. "Recognising Faces: Effects of Lighting Direction, Inversion, and Brightness Reversal." Perception 21, no. 3 (June 1992): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p210365.
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When information about three-dimensional shape obtained from shading and shadows is ambiguous, the visual system favours an interpretation of surface geometry which is consistent with illumination from above. If pictures of top-lit faces are rotated the resulting stimulus is both figurally inverted and illuminated from below. In this study the question of whether the effects of figural inversion and lighting orientation on face recognition are independent or interactive is addressed. Although there was a clear inversion effect for faces illuminated from the front and above, the inversion effect was found to be reduced or eliminated for faces illuminated from below. A strong inversion effect for photographic negatives was also found but in this case the effect was not dependent on the direction of illumination. These findings are interpreted as evidence to suggest that lighting faces from below disrupts the formation of surface-based representations of facial shape.
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Panghargiyo, Murwantoro. "The Effect of Depth Shading Device on Inner Space Illumination in Jakarta." International Journal of Engineering Technology and Natural Sciences 1, no. 1 (May 25, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46923/ijets.v1i1.12.
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This research tries to reveal the performance of shading devices towards quantity of natural lighting entering the room. Investigation concerning shading devices (ratio between the depth of shading devices and the height of fenestration) that suitable with illumination standard needs to be done. This research also tries to find out the influence of shading devices orientation on illuminance received by the room. This research examines the performance of three types external shading devices (eggcrate, overhang, sidefins) towards natural lighting entering the room. The analysis performed by Radiance IES software for illuminance performance entering the room. Maximum illuminance reduction for three types of shading device achieved to north direction in R1 reference point. While minimum reduction for overhang and sidefins achieved to south orientation in R2 reference point. Except for eggcrate minimum illuminance reduction achieved to west direction in R2 reference point. It can be concluded that in general the three basic models of shading device have a strong influence on the direction towards the north and have a small effect on the direction of the south. In addition to the three basic elements of the shading element, the type of eggcrate shading device has the greatest effect of reducing illumination compared to the other two types. While the sidefins type has the smallest illumination effect.
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Cantó, Mónica, Marta Frasquet, and Gil-Saura Irene. "Design orientation in new product development and its measurement." European Journal of Innovation Management 24, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejim-07-2019-0187.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to define the design orientation construct, proposing a theoretical framework for its analysis and a validated tool for its measurement. Design/methodology/approach The process of scale development follows the recommendations of DeVellis (1991). After qualitative research with experts, quantitative research was performed on a sample of 209 SMEs in the furniture and lighting sectors. The results, based on the use of the confirmatory factor analysis technique, yielded a measurement scale with solid psychometric properties, thus confirming its reliability and validity. Findings The resulting scale comprised 19 items grouped into seven dimensions: awareness of the benefits of design, design sensibility, basic design skills, specialized design skills, involving others, design organization and innovation skills. Practical implications The instrument can be used to quantify the degree of design orientation in a company, thus enabling cross-sectional and longitudinal diagnoses. Originality/value By operationalizing the design orientation construct, this scale serves as a starting point for future developments in the field of business design and design management.
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Park, Sohee, Yongjin Shin, Kwanghwan Oh, and Taehwan Bang. "Optical characteristics of LGP depending on the scattering pattern orientation for flat-type LED lighting." Optical Review 23, no. 2 (March 5, 2016): 172–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-016-0193-y.
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Kupervasser, Oleg, Hennadii Kutomanov, Ori Levi, Vladislav Pukshansky, and Roman Yavich. "Using Deep Learning for Visual Navigation of Drone with Respect to 3D Ground Objects." Mathematics 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 2140. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8122140.
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In the paper, visual navigation of a drone is considered. The drone navigation problem consists of two parts. The first part is finding the real position and orientation of the drone. The second part is finding the difference between desirable and real position and orientation of the drone and creation of the correspondent control signal for decreasing the difference. For the first part of the drone navigation problem, the paper presents a method for determining the coordinates of the drone camera with respect to known three-dimensional (3D) ground objects using deep learning. The algorithm has two stages. It causes the algorithm to be easy for interpretation by artificial neural network (ANN) and consequently increases its accuracy. At the first stage, we use the first ANN to find coordinates of the object origin projection. At the second stage, we use the second ANN to find the drone camera position and orientation. The algorithm has high accuracy (these errors were found for the validation set of images as differences between positions and orientations, obtained from a pretrained artificial neural network, and known positions and orientations), it is not sensitive to interference associated with changes in lighting, the appearance of external moving objects and the other phenomena where other methods of visual navigation are not effective. For the second part of the drone navigation problem, the paper presents a method for stabilization of drone flight controlled by autopilot with time delay. Indeed, image processing for navigation demands a lot of time and results in a time delay. However, the proposed method allows to get stable control in the presence of this time delay.
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Ma, Bin Qi, and De Wei Wang. "The Analysis and Optimal Design for Thermal Environment of Gymnasium." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3682.
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The thermal environment of gymnasium is usually affected by many exterior environmental factors, including architecture layout, building orientation, natural lighting and ventilation. A gymnasium of one of the colleges in Xi’an city serves as an example. The building performance analysis and optimization software Ecotect are used in this paper to carry out the simulation analysis focused on the classical thermal environment of gymnasium under the consideration of the above mentioned thermal environment relevant factors.
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Nurhaiza, Nurhaiza, and Nova Purnama Lisa. "Optimalisasi Pencahayaan Alami pada Ruang." Jurnal Arsitekno 7, no. 7 (February 21, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/arj.v7i7.1234.
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Abstract Natural lighting is the lighting obtained from direct sunlight, where the light is obtained in the morninguntil late afternoon. According to SNI 03-2396-200, natural lighting during the day can be good in a span of solarorientation starting at 8:00 pm until 16: 00 pm with equitable distribution of incoming light in the room and didnot leave annoying glare effects in the use of lighting natural, regardless of the quality and distribution of lightthat enters the building through a window and orientation of openings. The wider the aperture, the more light thatenters the room. It is necessary to control the amount of light coming into the room. The research used isquantitative method by using mathematical models, with the measurement process, using a formula to obtainaccurate data. The object of research and observations in Architecture Program Faculty Building University ofMalikussaleh, Lhokseumawe Aceh. Observation is by direct observation to see the condition of natural lighting inclassrooms, measurements the extent of the classroom. Then collect some measurement data among other things,measure the light intensity at the lecture hall by using Luxmeter, calculate the intensity of light at the lecture hallby factors sky with measuring point main and the measuring point side and the comparative results of themeasurement of light intensity of the lighting level the average recommended. The results show, a lecture hall inthe building Prodi architecture has three floors, which have 4 lecture room on floors 1 and 2, 2 room studioregular on floors 1, 2 lab computer room on the floor and 2 studio design room on the 2nd floor. also of coursethe building also has other equipment such as administration room, warehouse and other supporting facilities.But for the third floor untapped dikarenaka still in the process of renovation. The results of observations obtainedintensity of natural light on the 1st floor and 2nd floor Architecture Program building University of Malikussalehbased on the measurement of light intensity using the luxmeter, the obtained data is that the rooms was not inaccordance with the standards of an average lighting is recommended by ISO 2000 for classrooms -03 250 luxand 700 lux.Key word: Natural Lighting, Light Intensity, Lux meters, ISO 2000, SNI 03-2396-200
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Park, Bo Rang, Jongin Hong, Eun Ji Choi, Young Jae Choi, Choonyeob Lee, and Jin Woo Moon. "Improvement in Energy Performance of Building Envelope Incorporating Electrochromic Windows (ECWs)." Energies 12, no. 6 (March 26, 2019): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12061181.
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The present study sets out to review the thermal and optical properties of electrochromic windows (ECWs) through an analysis of the improvement in the energy performance of a building resulting from their application. The performance analysis was based on the change in the room temperature according to the solar transmittance and the orientation of the ECWs, the energy consumptions of the building’s heating/cooling systems, and that of the building’s lighting according to the visible light transmittance (VLT). To achieve this, the Quick Energy Simulation Tool (eQUEST), a building energy interpretation program, was used. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of the ECWs was found to be significantly reduced. This had the effect of lowering the room temperature in summer, such that the effect on the summer cooling energy consumption was also remarkable. However, with a reduction in the VLT, the lighting energy consumption increased. The net result of the changes in the heating/cooling and lighting energy consumptions was a reduction of about 11,207 kWh/yr (8.89%). The ECWs were found to realize a greater reduction in a building’s energy consumption than was possible with windows glazed with low-E coated glass.
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Frantz, Jonathan M., Robert J. Joly, and Cary A. Mitchell. "Improving Productivity of Hydroponically Grown Cowpea using Intracanopy Lighting." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 488b—488. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.488b.
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High planting densities of planophile- or horizontal-leafed crops creates a problem called mutual shading, whereby leaves in the upper portions of plant canopies shade lower leaves. This can reduce overall crop productivity. In an effort to negate this problem in growth chambers, light intensity typically is increased from large overhead lamp banks. This is both expensive and inefficient. We have investigated the use of small, low-wattage lamps arranged in three-dimensional space allowing cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp `IT87D-941-1') to grow up and around the lamps in a technique called “intracanopy lighting.” This illuminates the interior portions of plant stands and keeps the majority of the canopy productive. Results obtained from this novel alternative to high intensity light from overhead lamps showed productivity rates as good as traditional production methods while using less than 25% of the light energy. We have continued to investigate variables associated with improved productivity in high density plantings including: lamp orientation, total light energy, photoperiod, and CO2 concentration. Intracanopy lighting has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of energy required to produce a crop in a controlled environment.
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Burdziakowski, Pawel, and Katarzyna Bobkowska. "UAV Photogrammetry under Poor Lighting Conditions—Accuracy Considerations." Sensors 21, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 3531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21103531.
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The use of low-level photogrammetry is very broad, and studies in this field are conducted in many aspects. Most research and applications are based on image data acquired during the day, which seems natural and obvious. However, the authors of this paper draw attention to the potential and possible use of UAV photogrammetry during the darker time of the day. The potential of night-time images has not been yet widely recognized, since correct scenery lighting or lack of scenery light sources is an obvious issue. The authors have developed typical day- and night-time photogrammetric models. They have also presented an extensive analysis of the geometry, indicated which process element had the greatest impact on degrading night-time photogrammetric product, as well as which measurable factor directly correlated with image accuracy. The reduction in geometry during night-time tests was greatly impacted by the non-uniform distribution of GCPs within the study area. The calibration of non-metric cameras is sensitive to poor lighting conditions, which leads to the generation of a higher determination error for each intrinsic orientation and distortion parameter. As evidenced, uniformly illuminated photos can be used to construct a model with lower reprojection error, and each tie point exhibits greater precision. Furthermore, they have evaluated whether commercial photogrammetric software enabled reaching acceptable image quality and whether the digital camera type impacted interpretative quality. The research paper is concluded with an extended discussion, conclusions, and recommendation on night-time studies.
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Zaeva-Burdonskaya, Elena A., and Yuri V. Nazarov. "Stage in the Spotlight and Paradoxes of the Profession Artist, Light, Theatre." Volume 28, Number 2, 2020, no. 02-2020 (April 2020): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33383/2019-066.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, the lighting designer is becoming one of the leading figures in forming of the concept of theatrical scene design. Lighting technologies with great potential of illumination, colour and graphic capabilities allowed the profession to occupy the leading positions in the space of any object. Today’s orientation of the whole visual culture to staginess alongside with avant-garde inventions of stage designers in the early 20th century have formed the main artistic trends of this art. Nowadays, the modernistic findings of the past are supplemented by innovative multimedia technologies. Visual techniques worked out in stage shows have seriously affected the people’s attitude towards the stage space. They have made theatrical performance very dynamic by using lighting and media effects, sufficiently widened the scope of visual and expressive abilities of an artist. The new paradigm of light as an active tool of form-making allowed modelling the space by means of lighting technologies. Stage light has become a form possessing great emotional power inseparably associated with the dramatic composition of performance. At the same time, the goal of a lighting designer cooperating with theatre designers and costume designers should permanently lead the audience to catharsis and innovative light engineering techniques play a great role in it. Naturally, such innovations in theatre art made it necessary to correct the programmes of training of universal specialists required in this area. Professional education of a theatre lighting designer, apart from knowledge of technology and basics of scenography, requires serious artistic training. The methodological experience obtained in scenography training of future designers in the Environment Design sub-department of S.G. Stroganov MGHPA may provide an example of new design approaches to solving of comprehensive problems of scenography. Design training techniques used in the sub-department include the method of environmental approach, the method of script modelling using a virtual design model and the method of conceptual design.