Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lighting, architectural and decorative – design'

This research focuses on understanding the relationship betweenlight art and architectural lighting design and determining towhat extent can aspects of light art be used when designingfunctional lighting for architecture.The first part of this paper looks into the historical applicationof light as a material. Light has been an important element inart even prior to the introduction of artificial light sources, butthe exploration of light as an independent material throughinstallation art only developed in the last century. Similarly inarchitecture, the impact of light on creating and shaping spaceshas been recognized since ancient times, yet it was much longerbefore the development of lighting design as an autonomousdiscipline.In recent years there is an increased need for creative expressionfrom lighting designers who are pushing the boundaries ofcommunication through light. In order to understand the extentto which successful innovative lighting schemes can drawinspiration from artwork, this research further analyses keyvisual and emotional properties of light art, as well as potentialconstraints of functional spaces. Distinction of roles of the artistand designer as well as the conditions in which they work withthe medium of light pose a challenge in relating these twodisciplines.Findings from first two parts of this research are further used toanalyse an example of an architectural lighting project, to drawconclusions about light art’s applicability to functional lighting.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Folklore and Ethnomusicology, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 25, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0705. Adviser: Henry Glassie.

This study presents a look at the development of residential lighting in America and the technological and social factors which inspired the development. Availability of fuels, quality of light provided, daily care needed by a light source, and safety were all direct influences on the development of artificial lighting. Technological advances in response to the social needs began with the closed font and continued through the removable burner, accommodating a variety of fuels including tallow, lard, whale oil, burning fluids, kerosene, gas and ultimately electricity. Along with the increasing illuminating power, the amount of decoration, both possible and accepted, increased.
Department of Architecture

"Light, whose beauty within darkness is as jewels that one might cup in one's hands; light that hollowing out darkness and piercing our bodies, blows life into `space"'.'Tadao AndoThis thesis book documents the process and procedure of a two-year study of how daylight can be manipulated by design to enhance and elevate the experiential qualities of sacred space and then applies those characteristics to the design of an architectural thesis project.The exploration involved two major points of focus: one was the exploration to identify the principle qualities and characteristics of natural light and the other, to apply those principles of light into built form.This paper is presented in five processes: an introduction, three types of reflection, and a conclusion. Process I, presents the theoretical underpinning on the subject of light and identifies the key qualities and characteristics of light and the daylighting principles applied by Louis I. Kahn and Tadao Ando in the formulation of sacred space. Process II, presents the articulation of the necessary criteria to design a sacred space. Process III, applies the daylighting strategies to the design of a "one-volume" library for displaying Leonardo da Vinci's Codex. Process IV, presents an alternate scenario and an explanation of architecture as meaning. Process V, summerizes the meaning of the architecture and experience of the Library. 'Ando, Tadao, Complete Works, Phaidon Press Limited, London, (1997).
Department of Architecture

The purpose of this project is to identify sources of funding for sustainable building projects and create a catalog of the findings. This study targeted the nonprofit, humanitarian, and private organization sectors with the goal to encourage subsequent projects that may positively impact the quality of life for people in need. It has been predicted that in the next 25 years 75% of America's built environment will be either new or renovated. The downside is that new buildings cause substantial ecological damage due to the extraction of materials and account for as much as 40% of all greenhouse gases. As a result, trends in the industry of design show growth in the green-building market. How do organizations without financial means maintain environmental responsibility as they build to meet needs? Besides identifying financing sources for above-mentioned types of organizations, this thesis also offers a model for the grant-finding process geared toward first-time searchers/applicants. Applicable sources of funding from this catalog will be recommended to the Teton Valley Community School (TVCS), winner of the 2009 Open Architecture Challenge, in Victor, Idaho, and the case study for this project. At the time of this study, between September, 2009 and February, 2010, the Teton Valley Community School was in the process of seeking out grant opportunities for their innovative, sustainable classroom project. At this writing, the total figure to be raised has not yet been determined, though it is expected to be in the $5-10 million range. The TVCS master plan is to eventually build five additional classrooms with design objectives to create flexible spatial configurations, reduce the school's ecological footprint, and build a strong connection to the outdoors in response to the mountain climate where they are located.

Studies suggest that diversity is advantageous to group work. As lighting design teams become increasingly diverse, there is an increased opportunity for innovation as well as miscommunication. In an effort to improve communication and inter-team empathy, this master’s thesis explores the implications of gender on the architectural lighting design collaborative team.  Based on previous research, a survey was conducted of architectural lighting designers of any gender located in the US. This thesis concludes that a gap exists in the gendered perceptions among colleagues in a lighting design environment. In addition, it cannot be assumed that tendencies seen in the general public are representative of architectural lighting designers. This research culminates in the conclusion that increased diversity within teams strengthens and supports design problem solving, in line with previous work done on this topic.

Daylighting, a form of illumination utilizing sunlight, has been used by architects as a method of symbolic expression in religious architecture. Light can be used to illustrate architectural comcepts or to satisfy the liturgical requirements of the particular religious denomination. This thesis illustrates some of the techniques employed by well-known architects, critiquing their successes and failures, and weighting them against more conventional works designed by lesser-known architects in order to discover what separates the ordinary from the extraordinary.The city of Columbus was chosen for its outstanding reputation of producing well known works of architecture, or "icons." Five churches have been singled out on the basis of their exemplary use of daylighting:First Christian ChurchNorth Christian Church First Baptist ChurchSt. Peter's Lutheran ChurchSandy Hook United Methodist ChurchResearch undertaken involved studying the philosophies of each architect, critically assessing the theories of light in earlier historical periods, and defining how some of these earlier concepts have influenced today's architects, if at all. By closely adhering to these principles, the architectural and spiritual value of the church increased greatly.
Department of Architecture

In the last decade, major developments in mobile and sensor network technologies, as well as in more secure data management solutions allowed an accelerated expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in different markets, including the smart lighting technology. These technological developments, currently shaping the lighting industry, have the power to enhance the liveability of spaces and improve people’s lives. However, in this thesis it is highlighted how such technological evolution is often marked by an engineering character over a design approach. In particular, this thesis focuses on smart lighting technology applied in urban environments and how the integration of information technology into the physical realm can enhance space quality and empower citizens’ participation. The main body is divided into two sections: The first part provides an overview of the technological solutions that are currently being implemented in the lighting design field. The second part advances a schematic projection of future trends, starting from the analysis of what is being developed in other related disciplines, such as urban planning and visual arts. Both parts are literature-based. The final section features the opinion of noteworthy lighting professionals about possible real-life applications of smart lighting technology. Since this thesis has been written during the Covid-19 pandemic, the author decided to include speculations regarding how this event might influence the future of urban lighting.

This thesis seeks to create an architectural response for learning spaces that gathers community. A school and community center are explored through the interaction at public and private zones, and day and night operation. The thesis develops a propositional response to the dualities through material, light, and scale. A particular focus within the study of light is the effort to minimize solar gains while improving daylight and view to the outside that is challenging in hot climates, such as in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Master of Architecture
This thesis seeks to create an architectural response for learning spaces that gathers community. A school and community center are explored through the interaction at public and private zones, and day and night operation. The thesis develops a propositional response to the dualities through material, light, and scale. A particular focus within the study of light is the effort to minimize solar gains while improving daylight and view to the outside that is challenging in hot climates, such as in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

This thesis investigates the use of colour in the interior decorations of the Royal Pavilion, Brighton. The building was created between 1785 and c.1823 by the Prince of Wales (1762 – 1830), later Prince Regent and George IV. The main aims of the thesis are firstly, to analyse the intense colour scheme of the building and set it in the historical context of colour theory and pigment production, and secondly, to establish to what extent personal tastes and fashion influenced these designs. Chapter 1 brings together nineteenth century descriptions of and reactions to the building from early guidebooks and visitors' accounts, followed by brief outlines of restoration work carried out since 1850 and observations on how the building is experienced by visitors today. The aim of Chapter 2 is to provide an overview of colour theory and literature in Europe between c.1765 and c.1845, in order to highlight the cultural, social and scientific background to the use of colour in art and interior design. Chapter 3 outlines the role of key figures involved in the creation of the building. It first discusses the Prince's tastes in art and considers to what extent he may have drawn inspiration from other members of the Royal Family and earlier Oriental buildings and interiors. The chapter then discusses the artists and designers John and Frederick Crace, Robert Jones and Humphry Repton. Chapter 4 describes the colour schemes and chromatic layout of the interior of the building in its various stages from the 1780 to the 1820s. The chapter includes a case study of the conspicuous and varied use of silver as a colour in the building, discussed in the context of the use of silver in other European interiors. Three appendices provide detailed information of colour terms found in contemporary account books, pigments identified in the Royal Pavilion so far, their historical context and where they are found in the interiors. The thesis thus analyses the multi-sensory experience of an interior in relation to new ideas about colour as a crucial element of interior design.

Abstract This thesis explores the design and experience of adaptive lighting. In this research, adaptive lighting is understood as a wide concept referring to lighting which adapts to information about the environment and its users or to other information relevant to intended lighting behaviour. Adaptive lighting is approached as an element of architecture and urban space, which has an influence on the human environmental experience at various levels. The research can be defined as architectural design-based research as well as transdisciplinary research. This research explores design practice by analysing the design processes of three case studies through the research-by-design method. The essential design phases, design tasks and design methods are recognized and presented. In addition, the experiences of adaptive lighting are explored with the help of empirical qualitative research material, which is gained through evaluation of the case studies. The methods used in evaluation include in situ walking interviews and evaluation probes. In the case projects situated in urban environments and in a retail space, different forms of lighting adaptation, interaction and participation were studied. The design process of adaptive lighting can be theorized, based on the three case studies, as a three-phase process consisting of several subtasks. The design process is guided by several design factors. In the design process, cooperation with experts of interaction and system design is beneficial. The users’ experience of adaptive lighting environments is complex and multifaceted. The experiences emerge in each environment as context-related interpretations or manifestations of the general experiential aspects. Finally, adaptive lighting is conceptualized in the thesis as a holistic design task by formulating a framework for pragmatic-experiential and context-oriented design of adaptive lighting. This defines adaptive lighting as a design task from the perspectives of multifaceted users’ experience and pragmatic constraints of design practice. Future design processes should acknowledge the complexity of the design task. Then adaptive lighting can offer, besides energy savings, added value for illuminated environments on many levels of experience. The main significance of this study is to help both designers and clients to understand the diversity of the new design task, and to help to approach it from human-oriented perspective—from the perspective of inhabitants of the environments
Tiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja tutkii mukautuvan valaistuksen suunnittelua ja kokemusta. Työssä mukautuva valaistus ymmärretään laajana käsitteenä viitaten valaistukseen, joka mukautuu ympäristöstä ja sen käyttäjistä saatavaan tietoon tai johonkin muuhun valaistuksen tavoitellun toiminnan kannalta merkitykselliseen tietoon. Mukautuvaa valaistusta lähestytään arkkitehtuurin ja kaupunkitilan elementtinä, joka vaikuttaa ihmisen kokemukseen ympäristöstään usealla eri tasolla. Tutkimus on luonteeltaan arkkitehtuurin suunnittelulähtöistä tutkimusta ja poikkitieteellistä tutkimusta. Se valottaa suunnittelun praktiikkaa analysoimalla research-by-design-menetelmällä kolmen tapaustutkimuksen suunnitteluprosesseja. Olennaiset suunnitteluvaiheet, -tehtävät ja -menetelmät tunnistetaan ja esitellään. Lisäksi kokemuksia mukautuvasta valaistuksesta tarkastellaan analysoimalla empiiristä, laadullista tutkimusaineistoa, joka on syntynyt tapaustutkimuksia evaluoimalla. Evaluointimenetelminä ovat olleet puolistrukturoitu haastattelu, paikanpäällä tehtävä kävelyhaastattelu ja evaluointiluotain. Tapaustutkimusprojekteissa, jotka sijoittuivat kaupunkiympäristöihin ja liiketiloihin, tutkittiin erilaisia valaistuksen mukautumisen sekä valon kanssa vuorovaikuttamisen ja osallistumisen muotoja. Mukautuvan valaistuksen suunnitteluprosessia voidaan kolmeen tapaustutkimukseen perustuen teoretisoida kolmivaiheisena prosessina, joka sisältää useita alatehtäviä. Suunnitteluprosessia ohjaavat useat suunnittelutekijät. Monialainen yhteistyö suunnitteluprosessin aikana on hyödyllistä. Käyttäjien kokemukset ympäristöistä, jotka on valaistu mukautuvasti, ovat monimutkaisia ja moniulotteisia. Kokemukset muodostuvat kussakin ympäristössä kontekstisidonnaisina tulkintoina ja ilmentyminä yleisistä kokemuksellisista piirteistä. Mukautuvaa valaistusta määritellään ja käsitteellistetään tässä väitöskirjassa holistisena ja kontekstisidonnaisena suunnittelutehtävänä käyttäjän moniulotteisen kokemuksen ja suunnittelupraktiikan käytäntöön liittyvien rajoitusten näkökulmista. Tulevaisuuden suunnitteluprosesseissa tulisi huomioida suunnittelutehtävän moniulotteisuus. Näin mukautuva valaistus voisi tarjota energiansäästöjen ohella valaistuihin ympäristöihin lisäarvoa useilla kokemuksen tasoilla. Tämän työn päämerkityksenä on auttaa sekä suunnittelijoita että suunnittelun tilaajia ymmärtämään uuden suunnittelutehtävän monipuolisuus ja auttaa heitä lähestymään sitä ympäristön käyttäjien näkökulmasta

The report Stockholm city’s regional biking plan presents information of a continuously rising numbers ofcyclists in central Stockholm. However, the central parts of Stockholm have not now, or in the near future,the capacity or structure to provide a functional as well as safe traffic situation, especially for cyclists. Theincreasing demand from traffic of the commuter street network in central Stockholm make the 6 km longunderground maintenance tunnel along the newly build Citybanan commuter train tracks a possible andinteresting alternative for safe, fast and easy bicycle travelling underneath Stockholm. The tunnel stretchesfrom Fatbursparken to Tomteboda, with exits/entrances along the route in central parts of Stockholm[Fig 1.]There are several examples in the world where former car, train and maintenance tunnels are used as bikingtunnels. The longest existing example is the Croix Rousse tunnel in Lyon, France (2013). A 1,3 km longtunnel with separate lanes for cyclists, pedestrians and commuter busses, which also functions as anevacuation tunnel to the parallel car tunnel. Another example is the Lugaritz-Morland bicycle tunnel in thecity of San Sebastian, Spain (2009), which is a former railway tunnel (850 metres) that connects twoneighbourhoods in the city.The specific conditions a tunnel have with no daylight and limited access, give the lighting designer theimportant task to shape the space using light.Light is the factor that makes us see the world, our visual ability is depending on the light. Light has theability to reveal and transform the character of a space and influence how the observer experiences thesituation, both physically (by vision) and psychologically (emotional experiences as comfort and feeling ofsafety). Therefore a good visual condition in public space, traffic as well as enclosed spaces like tunnels, arevery important and a basic need for humans in the city.The aim with this thesis was to develop a lighting strategy and proposal for the maintenance tunnel ofCitybanan in Stockholm, based on literature and case studies research, a full-scale light observation by areference group in a tunnel context as well as research by questionnaires. The primary purpose of the fullscalelight study was to confirm literature research hypotheses about the importance of light distributionand experienced spatial atmosphere in relation to psychological effects, as well as the importance of lightgiving information. Findings confirm and shows that light distribution have a great impact on how theobservers experience the space visually, as well as emotionally. Findings also show that light can influencepeople’s behaviour to intuitively slow down or be alert. Further this thesis results show that giving a spaceit’s own identity by collaboration between light, colour and architectural elements have a great impact onthe psychological experiences of a space regarding safety, comfort and social interaction, crucial factors in atunnel environment for cyclists.The thesis results in a concept presented in the Proposal chapter, based on design principles and a lightingstrategy where a combination of light typologies is used to create a human centred and comfortableenvironment. Light is used as guiding element and for spatial understanding to create comfort and supportsocial interaction. In addition the concept includes a theme used as inspiration in the lighting strategy tocreate a connection on a human scale between the cyclist and the space. The theme is based on a commonpreference of the reference group, as well as my personal, for the ideal dream biking environment;In the nature. Experiencing for example the variation of light filtered through the leaves, the sunset and theabsence of traffic.The aim with the proposal is to transform the tunnel to an attractive bicycle route for daily cyclists inStockholm, as well as being an interesting tourist attraction.- A large underground landmark and art piece stretching under the city of Stockholm.

Islamic architecture is arguably one of the greatest manifestations of Islamic visual culture. One of the defining aspects of the unique, aesthetic richness of traditional Islamic architecture has been the application of ceramic ornamentation or embellishment. There is a growing concern, however, that this legacy is being eroded. The diminishing identity of Islamic visual culture is particularly evident through current architectural developments occurring in the Arab states. The building revolution in the Gulf countries has dramatically increased momentum since the onset of the ‗oil economy‘, echoing the phenomena of globalization. This research project explores these concerns, discussing the erosion of Islamic ‗identity‘ within contemporary architecture in the Gulf States and in particularly Kuwait, as well as the ensuing decline in the use of ceramics as a defining embellishment material. The research compares the aesthetics of traditional and contemporary Islamic architectural design, whilst also examining the reasons behind this erosion in traditional design style. The diminishing identity of Islamic visual culture is investigated by combining studies in the fields of art, aesthetics, design, architecture, and the social sciences, in order to understand the nature of the research problem. A series of case-studies demonstrates how ceramics may be used to re-introduce a sense of Islamic identity within contemporary architecture. This offers design proposals, new materials and technical processes that acknowledge the rich traditions of Islamic Ceramics while also being appropriate for application within the context of contemporary Islamic architecture detailing; blending contemporary aesthetics and technical thinking with traditional Islamic design. The aim of the case-studies is to offer proposals for a new aesthetic vocabulary of architectural embellishment that is both appropriate to and innovative within, the context of contemporary Islamic architecture. This new aesthetic vocabulary III specifically blends contemporary design principals, new materials and technical processes, whilst acknowledging the rich traditions of Islamic ceramics. The PhD project, applies two types of research methodology: theoretical research and practice-based research. The former focused on social sciences and applied quantitative and qualitative research approaches, including surveys and interviews undertaken within Kuwait. The findings obtained from these surveys verified the emergence of a new cultural style of contemporary architecture and shaped the practice-based element of the project; proposals for ceramic embellishment that are contemporary, while still reflecting many recognizable aspects of traditional Islamic design. The new architectural style can be attributed to factors such as globalization, the adoption of international building styles, and a seeming unwillingness to incorporate traditional styles into new building design, all of which contribute to the currently weak identity of Arabic / Islamic ceramics within Kuwait. Despite of this, the survey revealed that Kuwaiti society maintains a strong relationship and affiliation with Islamic culture, although many seemed unaware of their own rich culture and its past legacy. The practice-based research involved two distinct phases. The first phase involved the development of a large number (172) of new glazes. The glazes were intended to reflect the palette of colours used over generations of Islamic Ceramic culture, while still being appropriate for integration within the contemporary Islamic architectural environment. The second phase of practice involved a series of case studies, embracing a wide range of contemporary architectural ceramic design processes (including 2 and 3 Dimensional geometrical patterns and interpretations of contemporary calligraphic design). The case studies utilised a number of modern technologies, such as 3D Solid modelling, CNC Rapid Prototyping and Laser-cutting, to prove that modern design and manufacturing technologies can be integrated within traditional ceramic processes. The aim being to both provide ceramic products that architects and designers can use to enhance the modern IV architectural environment of Kuwait and re-establish the creative status of ceramics.

The thesis aims to deconstruct the traditional dualities between design and use and blend the boundaries between them. It characterises design as a process that is complex, dynamic, and integral to other processes, such as use. The thesis utilises Latour's concept of the collective. Although this concept has been applied to architectural contexts in previous studies, this thesis expands the collective to include actors of use. The thesis elaborates on the inscription and description of technologies inspired by Akrich (1992). It shows how the collective is shaped and reshaped through such processes. Building parallels with previous studies, it analyses the importance of fluidity and fluid actors in de-scribing technologies and reshaping the collectives. The thesis utilises the case of Masdar City, which has been designed in the UK by the architectural and urban planning firm Foster + Partners and implemented in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates. The thesis focuses on its first developed stage represented by Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST). Based on a qualitative and inductive approach, the conducted research utilises interviews and site observations with the designers, users, and other main contributors. Through this approach, the thesis reflects on the concept of sustainability that is itself contested, changeable, and vague. The thesis concludes that sustainable design processes should be seen as continuous loops between design and use. In acknowledging this, it is further suggested that concepts such as the living laboratory, which support the adaptation of designs and learning from use, are adopted at the outset in architectural production.

There is a widely accepted but undocumented number of colloquial terms used within the architectural lighting profession, briefly described as ‘light effects’. They are seen as vague and unsuccessful in describing the phenomena in question. Therefore a thorough retrospection of classifications or explorations by lighting designers, researchers and artists such as Richard Kelly, John Flynn and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy is carried out in search of understanding the underlying criteria. The hypothesis of the thesis is that designers perceive light effects and conceive lighting schemes as compositions of light effects during the design process, according to five generic principles of ‘space and light’. They are briefly described as: direction and position of light source, geometry of light distribution, illumination perspective, use of abstraction in luminous compositions and syntactic relationship of surface and source. In the second part, an empirical evaluation of the hypothesis is unfolded. Lighting designers are recorded while planning the lighting for a purpose-designed residence. With methods influenced by protocol analyses of design studies, the corpus of coded transcripts supported by produced sketches and videos is analysed in an interpretative approach. It appears that designers clearly consider the first three principles as directly affecting the formal properties of a lighting scheme while also thinking on a more organisational level of luminous compositions, which involves some use of abstract and a lesser use of syntactic thinking. The use of ‘metaphors’ and ‘archetypes’ is identified as an extra mental tool that interlinks the itemised light effects to an overall conception of space by providing ‘content’. Overall, the thesis attempts for the first time to accurately address the elusive nature of ‘light effects’ based on designers’ opinions and establishes five criteria that work as an articulation of architectural lighting design principles.

This thesis is about the multicolored gradients seen when using certain dichroic color lters with artificial light. As of now, this phenomenon lacks a unambiguous descriptor, and “Goniochromatic Gradient” is proposed. With help of optical physics, the science of color vision and information about dichroic products, principles for the relationship between goniochromatic gradients and dichroic filters are formulated for anyone interested in exploring this visual phenomenon.

Post-occupancy evaluations represent an important missed opportunity. While POEs are often used to inform design guides, and to support facility management, they are seldom used to support design decision-making. While there are several technical, methodological, and cultural impediments to the ongoing use of POE results in design, characteristics of POE data and data structure is an important, and often overlooked, impediment. Some evaluators have attempted to resolve this problem by involving actively as consultants in design teams or involving users, such as Placemaking or Process Architecture. Recent advances in conceptual data modeling provide another strategy to interface POE findings and design decision-making. This thesis uses EXPRESS modeling language to develop a conceptual data structure for POE data, and integrate POE data with as-built building descriptions. While this effort has the potential to develop an improved way to structure POE data and make it more useful, it is also an extension of ISO-STEP. This study develops a data structure based on post-occupancy evaluations of state and federal trial courtrooms conducted by the researcher. Thirty-one courtrooms were evaluated, resulting in usable data from 93 courtroom users in 26 courtrooms. An EXPRESS-G schema was developed and was translated into a relational database for holding data and running queries. The investigator illustrated a range of query-generated outcomes to support decision-making during design and design review. Such outcomes include exploring existing courtrooms, comprehending the types of design decisions implemented across federal and state courtrooms, identifying design decisions that have been rated favorably or otherwise by courtroom users, rating design decisions based on evaluation data from existing courtrooms, and predicting a designed environments supportiveness to task performance. Further, multivariate analysis of the POE data provides the first scientific investigation of courtrooms as work settings. Finally, eight key performance indicators of courtrooms were developed based on the POE data.

Este trabalho estuda o uso de ferramentas de simulação computacional para projetos de iluminação em arquitetura. As diversas possibilidades de uso das ferramentas são testadas nos softwares ECOTECT v5.20 e Lumen Designer 2006, através de simulações realizadas para o edifício do Santander Cultural, em Porto Alegre (RS). O objetivo da pesquisa é auxiliar no entendimento das ferramentas de simulação computacional de iluminação pelos arquitetos e difundí-las em escritórios de arquitetura através da compreensão das facilidades e dificuldades que os arquitetos encontram no uso dessas ferramentas no dia-adia. Para tanto, a revisão de literatura baseia-se na relação entre iluminação, arquitetura e eficiência energética, fundamentos da luz, conforto visual, uso de simulação computacional em arquitetura e apresentação de softwares existentes no mercado. A metodologia desenvolve-se a partir da aplicação da simulação da luz, tendo sido simulados espaços destinados a escritórios, a fachada principal e o átrio central do edifício do Santander Cultural. Cada um dos espaços se destina a um tipo de uso e têm uma demanda diferente de iluminação, possuindo peculiaridades que permitem avaliar o comportamento da simulação computacional de iluminação em contextos diversos. Os resultados desta avaliação mostram a existência de softwares de simulação de iluminação para diferentes finalidades, e mostram ainda que cada tipo pode adaptar-se melhor a determinados casos (avaliações de quantidade de iluminação, de qualidade de iluminação, estudos acadêmicos). Apresenta-se, portanto, um grande potencial de uso das ferramentas, quando adequadas ao caso em que serão utilizadas, pois existindo uma melhor compreensão do objetivo a que se destinam, torna-se mais fácil compreender também as respostas geradas.
This work presents computer simulation use in architectural lighting projects. Simulation tools have many possibilities of use in lighting projects and in this research these possibilities are tested in ECOTECT v5.20 e Lumen Designer 2006. Some simulations were developed to the Santander Cultural building, in Porto Alegre (RS). The aim of this work is to provide computer simulation tools understanding and spread it out amongst architects, providing comprehension of its facilities and difficulties. The literature revision was based on possible existing relationship between architecture, lighting and energy efficiency, lighting fundamentals and visual comfort, computer simulation use in architecture and some softwares presentation. The methodology is based on simulation lighting tests and aplied to office spaces, façades and the atrium of Santader Cultural building. Each of these spaces have a different way of use and lighting need, permiting to evaluate the possibilities of lighting simulation in different contexts. Evaluation results show the existence of lighting simulation softwares for many purposes, and also show that each of them can better adapted to specific cases (quantitative and qualitative lighting evaluation, and academic researches). To conclude, is presented the potencial use of simulation tools when adapted to specific cases where they will be applied and whenever the objective comprehension is presented, it becomes easier to understand the answers regarding simulations.

This study was conduct as a candidate thesis at Jönköping’s School of Engineering. The purpose of the study was to examine how the light zone of façade lighting on a historical building is perceived in correlation to the cityscape. Historical buildings are an important part of the cityscape and connect the identity of the city, the cultural heritage, and the history of the building to the inhabitants. However, currently there is little published research within the area perception of façade lighting. The study is conducted as three case studies on the buildings: Rådhuset (the townhall) in Jönköping, Grand Hotel in Stockholm, and the Stadshuset (City hall) in Gothenburg.  The case studies used qualitative observational methods (Lynch /Branzell, PERCIFAL & FOG). To be able to compare the different objects a new method was developed by the authors, named “FOG”. FOG stands for the English word fog.  The new method is based on methods established by Lynch, Branzell, Cullen, and the optical scale. Our results indicate that the new method FOG is suitable to use when planning for façade lighting on existing facades, historical or not. FOG also have the potential to be used on other objects than facades when evaluating or working with the cityscape. Historical buildings façade suitability for façade lighting is based on its ornamentation and correlation with the urban space. Lighting on historical building façades increases the accessibility of the area and the perception of exclusiveness of the area.
Studien genomfördes som ett examensarbete vid Jönköpings Tekniska högskola. Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur ljusrum upplevs i samband med historiska fasader och stadsrummet.  Historiska byggnader är en viktig del av stadsrummet samt stadens identitet, kulturarv och historia. I dagsläget finns nästintill ingen tidigare forskning publicerad på upplevelsen av fasadbelysning. Studien genomfördes som tre fallstudier på platserna: rådhuset i Jönköping, Grand hotell i Stockholm och stadshuset i Göteborg med kvalitativa observationsmodeller (Lynch / Branzell, PERCIFAL & FOG). För att kunna jämföra de olika objekten har författarna tagit fram en egen metod kallad ”FOG”. FOG kommer från det engelska ordet dimma. FOG grundar sig i metoderna Lynch, Branzell, Cullen och optisk skala. Studien visar att FOG kan användas vid planering och som observations metod av fasadbelysning av en befintlig byggnad. FOG har även potential att kunna användas på andra objekt och för att stödja arbete med stadsgestaltning. En historisk fasads lämplighet för belysning påverkas av fasadens ornamentering och relation till stadsrummet. Resultaten från studien visar att belysning på historiska fasader ökar tillgängligheten av platsen, samt ökar upplevelsen av exklusivitet.

[v. 1]. Sub-thesis. Essay 1. Digital whitegoods : micro-electronics and the 'Mac aesthetic' -- Essay 2. Shifting light : the transformational significance of the electric light bulb in twentieth century lamp design -- [v. 2]. Exegesis

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工程技術研究所建築學程
87
The purpose of this research is to study the interrelationships between architectural decorative lighting and building forms. The interaction of the two factors was analyzed through the inspection of the design results from testees. Case study showed that decorative lighting was frequently applied in domestics and overseas. Similarities occurred to festivals and commercial buildings on the types of light sources and design methods. To prove it, this research has constructed 3D models for the buildings like residentials, high-rise apartments, offices, and curtain-wall offices. The models were given to testees in order to conclude possible application and design methods of decorative lighting. Testees were also asked to analyze the influence of elevation elements, volumes, materials in daytime and evenings. The study concluded the design methods needed to be considered in design stages, the computer applications and corresponding simulation results, and the relationship between forms, structures, and lighting.

Cheung Shuk Han Alice.
"Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 1997-98, design report."
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter 1. --- Introduction
Chapter 2. --- Strategies (Creation of space in a maturally grown urban context) by changing / modifying the visual perception
Chapter 3. --- Spatial Perception: by induction of the visual elements
Chapter 4. --- My Project
Chapter 5. --- Visualising my mental images (my design method)
Chapter 5.1 --- Making the montage
Chapter 5.2 --- Depicting the notion of Flexibility of the space: Designing the master gallery
Chapter 5.3 --- A montage of a montage: Designing an inter-penetrating space of the libraries
Chapter 5.4 --- Art of articulation: Designing the new entrance of the design centre
Chapter 6. --- Spatial design : building a sequence as a visual reference for reading space
Chapter 6.1 --- The Entrance: the notion of openness
Chapter 6.2 --- The courtyard: the arrival space in day and night
Chapter 6.3 --- The galleries : the window design for individual identity
Chapter 6.4 --- The master gallery: flexible display setting and lighting system for a place of different ideas
Chapter 6.5 --- The libraries : manipulating space with use of materials
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion
Chapter 7.1 --- Space-making by fabricating with light and shadow inside an old building
Chapter 7.2 --- The sense of wholeness of the prescribed spatial sequence
Chapter 7.3 --- Manipulating new space and changing people's passive perception on the existing environment
Chapter 8. --- Reference material
Chapter 9. --- Appendix:
Chapter ´Ø --- copies of presentation panels
Chapter ´Ø --- copy of the programming report

This project has investigated the strategic development and design of decorative systems that can operate as independent entities or be part of an adaptive system of architectural ornament. It is not about autonomous art objects. The project presents a re-invention of process, methodology and a new strategic capability for the generation and development of systems for a new decorative order. The original drawings remain in the gallery but the resultant spatial units or modules are installed on buildings as required. Considerable in-depth analysis of wooden door, window lattice and ceiling ornament systems in the Alhambra was undertaken within the project. Islamic interlaced ornament consists of geometrically complex/inter-woven lathes of inlaid wood integral within the fabric of building construction where line/structure are one. A primary focus in the research has been the development of complex construction line drawings that form the structural web on which aperiodic and interlaced patterns are structured. Central to this project thesis has been the expansion from gallery wall mounted constructions and drawings to a number of systems of decorative, volumetric, sculptural configurations for integration and adoption into architectural surface or facade. The move to computer aided drafting (CAD) has facilitated the development of new spatial units, modules and systems. The unexpected impact on drawing has been a vastly increased capability to explore and produce more complex constructions than was previously possible using hand drawing techniques. These new decorative systems provide a grammar of applied ornament, which are both fragmentary and coherent. The resulting works have an exciting 'un-predictability'.

碩士
國立臺中科技大學
商業設計系碩士班
101
This research aims to explore the Taiwan Night Life Image. Through selecting and analyzing special elements of Taiwan image, the design of decorative lighting can be the way to promote the beauty of Taiwan’s night. The stereotype of the nightlife, to most people, is something with a negative. However, with the investigation on the Taiwan nightlife image, this research finds out the meaning of nightlife is neutral. Nowadays, because of the changing of society, the lifestyle is completely different than before: the nightlife plays an important role in now. The night is no longer darkness but replace it with the gorgeous night scenes which become a spotlight for promoting Taiwan. 　Taiwan has rich culture and nature, which gives me the inspiration of my lighting design. My work has two topics which are “Cultural night of Taiwan”and“Natural night of Taiwan”. There are two steps of choosing process on design elements. First, select the right special events of Taiwan nightlife. Second, choose the design objects. The researcher conducted a thorough examination of the relevant literature to compile a list of the identities and visual style of the cities’ day and night, and has used these design elements to create the Taiwan night life decorative lighting. This research finds out the development of lighting is closely related to the nightlife by collecting and analyzing the literature of the using of new material and lighting source. Also, knowing the range of fluorescence application, which has applied on no matter it is to the fake currency checker, or to the interior decorating. Because of the limit of material, it is still not so popular in our lives. To sum up, this research wants to create the culture decorative lighting design in order to reach the purpose of bringing the lighting of invisible light and fluorescence in our living spaces. This research has been through many lighting material tests and paper experiments for design the decorative lighting. The lighting shows the true beauty of Taiwan night life and interacts with people during the exhibition.

碩士
國立臺中教育大學
美術學系碩士在職專班
105
Matsu has unique cultural assets and natural resources, but without proper preservation and development. This study aims to promote the aesthetic economy of Matsu, to convey the contents of cultural preservation, to promote the concept of sustainable management, to enrich the industrial varieties in Matsu,and to enhance the beauty of local culture by developing cultural and creative products. In this paper, the author explored Matsu's vernacular dwellings which are rich in local characteristics and cultural significance. Applying the method of literature reviews to analyze the concepts of the semiotics related to the design of cultural and creative commodity. Then, the author explored the connotation and characteristics of the Matsu's vernacular dwellings and applied the theory of semiotics and Gestalt psychology to construct the extraction method of architectural elements, and finally using the architectural elements to the design of decorative lighting products as cultural and creative commodities. The conclusions of this study were:1. It has established "the extraction method of architectural elements of Matsu's vernacular dwellings".2. It has applied semiotics and Gestalt psychology to conduct "commodity design analysis".3. It has analyzed shape characteristics and architectural elements of the Matsu's vernacular dwellings.4. It has developed 12 architectural elements of the Matsu's vernacular dwellings.5. It has applied architectural elements of Matsu's vernacular dwellings to develop cultural lighting products.6.The resule of this study can be a reference to the development of the cultural commodities for cultural and creative industries in Matsu

In perimeter building zones with glass façades, controllable fenestration (daylighting/shading) and electric lighting systems are used as comfort delivery systems under dynamic weather conditions, and their operation affects daylight provision, outside view, lighting energy use, as well as overall occupant satisfaction with the visual environment. A well-designed daylighting and lighting control should be able to achieve high level of satisfaction while minimizing lighting energy consumption. Existing daylighting control studies focus on minimizing energy use with general visual comfort constraints, when adaptive and personalized controls are needed in high performance office buildings. Therefore, reliable and efficient models and methods for learning occupants’ personalized visual preference or satisfaction are required, and the development of optimal daylighting controls requires integrated considerations of visual preference/satisfaction and energy use.

In this Dissertation, a novel method is presented first for developing personalized visual satisfaction profiles in daylit offices using Bayesian inference. Unlike previous studies based on action data, a set of experiments with human subjects was designed and conducted to collect comparative visual preference data (by changing visual conditions) in private offices. A probit model structure was adopted to connect the comparative preference with a latent satisfaction utility model, assumed in the form of a parametrized Gaussian bell function. The distinct visual satisfaction models were then inferred using Bayesian approach with preference data. The posterior estimations of model parameters, and inferred satisfaction utility functions were investigated and compared, with results reflecting the different overall visual preference characteristics discovered for each person.

Second, we present an online visual preference elicitation learning framework for efficiently learning and eliciting occupants’ visual preference profiles and hidden satisfaction utilities. Another set of experiments with human subjects was conducted to implement the proposed learning algorithm in order to validate the feasibility of the method. A combination of Thompson sampling and pure exploration (uncertainty learning) methods was used to balance exploration and exploitation when targeting the near-maximum area of utility during the learning process. Distinctive visual preference profiles of 13 subjects were learned under different weather conditions, demonstrating the feasibility of the learning framework. Entropy of the distribution of the most preferred visual condition is computed for each learned preference profile to quantify the certainty. Learning speed varies with subjects, but using a single variable model (vertical illuminance on the eye), most subjects could be learned to an acceptable certainty level within one day of stable weather, which shows the efficiency of the method (learning outcomes).

Finally, a personalized shading control framework is developed to maximize occupant satisfaction while minimizing lighting energy use in daylit offices with roller shades. An integrated lighting-daylighting simulation model is used to predict lighting energy use while it also provides inputs for computing personalized visual preference profiles, previously developed using Bayesian inference from comparative preference data. The satisfaction utility and the predicted lighting energy use are then used to form an optimization framework. We demonstrate the results of: (i) a single objective formulation, where the satisfaction utility is simply used as a constraint to when minimizing lighting energy use and (ii) a multi-objective optimization scheme, where the satisfaction utility and predicted lighting energy use are formulated as parallel objectives. Unlike previous studies, we present a novel way to apply the MOO without assigning arbitrary weights to objectives: allowing occupants to be the final decision makers in real-time balancing between their personalized visual satisfaction and energy use considerations, within dynamic hidden optimal bounds – through a simple interface.

In summary, we present the first method to incorporate personalized visual preferences in optimal daylighting control, with energy use considerations, without using generic occupant behavior models or discomfort-based assumptions.

Far from being simply a necessary appliance to extend our day, artificial light has a great influence on human behaviour and wellbeing, perception of the surroundings and comfort. The energy needed for lighting is also a significant impact on our natural resources. For these two broad reasons lighting systems that improve the human visual and perceptual experience and reduce energy use are of widespread value. This work covers research into the application of LED technology as the next generation of mainstream lighting. It looks at the reasons why this technology is set to become the dominant way in which we light our lives, and the technical hurdles that are slowing this shift in lighting. It also presents the development, testing and prototyping of such an LED lighting product for use in the architectural market. This niche application is where LED lighting is currently most suited, due to the compactness, colour adjustability and lower colour rendering required. Establishing the technology here will help to gain consumer appreciation and acceptance of this beneficial and useful new paradigm in lighting. The design incorporates a shape that is pleasing to the eye with a simple oval profile. It was designed to be subtle and compact, blending into the ceiling as cleanly as possible. Practical testing on the finished prototype showed it to produce a wide range of colours and colour temperatures, while maintaining a safe LED temperature. The simplicity also makes the unit competitive in terms of cost.

Dedicated industry professionals from design, construction, and health care are working to provide attractive, constructible, functional and safe home modifications for aging in place. The commitment is to keep senior members of local communities in the homes they love, rather than to segregate them into big box retirement communities. This study explores the confidence level of both individuals interested in aging place for themselves and their friends and family members in aging in place modifications. In additions to those interested in aging in place for themselves and their friends and family members, invested professionals from design, construction and health care are surveyed to measure their confidence in common modifications. A 3d walkthrough is tested to investigate if confidence levels increase with the use of a walkthrough to communicate recommended modifications.

Friends and family members of those intending to age in place were significantly more concerned about the safety of their aging person, than the aging person themselves. Those friends and family members were also more impacted by viewing the video walkthrough than any of the other groups.

Current air conditioning systems generally operate with a relatively fixed moisture removal capacity, and indoor humidity conditions are usually not actively controlled in most buildings. If we focus only on sensible heat removal, an air conditioning system could operate with a fairly high evaporating temperature, and consequently a high coefficient of performance (COP). However, to provide an acceptable level of dehumidification, air conditioners typically operate with a much lower evaporating temperature (and lower COP) to ensure that the air is cooled below its dew point to achieve dehumidification. The latent (moisture related) loads in a space typically only represent around 20-30% of the total load in many environments; however, the air conditioning system operates 100% of the time at a low COP to address this small fraction of the load. To address issues associated with inadequate dehumidification and high energy consumption of conventional air conditioning systems, the use of a separate sensible and latent cooling (SSLC) system can dramatically increase system COP and provide active humidity control. Most current SSLC approaches that are reported in the literature require the installation of multiple components or systems in addition to a conventional air conditioner to separately address the sensible and latent loads. This approach increases the overall system installation and maintenance costs and complicates the controller design.

A sequential SSLC system is proposed and described in this work takes full advantage of readily available variable speed technology and utilizes independent speed control of both the compressor and evaporator fan, so that a single direct expansion (DX) air-conditioning (A/C) system can be operated in such a way to separately address the sensible and latent loads in a highly efficient manner. In this work, a numerical model of DX A/C system is developed and validated through experiential testing to predict the performance under varied equipment speeds and then used to investigate the energy saving potential with the implementation of the proposed sequential SSLC system. To realize the sequential SSLC system approach, various corresponding control strategies are proposed and explained in this work that minimizes energy consumption while provides active control over both space temperature and relative humidity. At the end of this document, the benefits of applying the SSLC system in a prototype residential building under different typical climate characteristics are demonstrated.

Following a grounded theory research model, the research uncovered and presented the state of debris recycling to a national association of demolition contractors to measure their willingness and attitudes towards the growing trend in the circular economy and adapting their business models to incorporate it into their own contracts. The first part was finding the deficiencies in the current model based on government reports and through interviews with county-level emergency managers. Second, successful businesses that already use the circular economy design in their operations were used as exemplars to emulate and their opinions and suggestions were discussed. The outputs of the emergency managers and the successful businesses was folded into the third phase of the research with surveys to the membership of the National Demolition Association (NDA) with multiple-choice, scalar questions and open-ended, opinion-heavy questions throughout. The findings were reported back to the head of the partnering organization, the NDA, to focus outreach, training, and policy advocacy concentration for the national organization as a whole, but to related and tangentially-connected industries to their own.

Although current augmented, virtual, and mixed reality (AR/VR/MR) systems are facing advanced and immersive experience in the entertainment industry with countless media forms. Theses systems suffer a lack of correct direct and indirect illumination modeling where the virtual objects render with the same lighting condition as the real environment. Some systems are using baked GI, pre-recorded textures, and light probes that are mostly accomplished offline to compensate for precomputed real-time global illumination (GI). Thus, illumination information can be extracted from the physical scene for interactively rendering the virtual objects into the real world which produces a more realistic final scene in real-time. This work approaches the problem of visual coherence in AR by proposing a system that detects the real-world lighting conditions in dynamic scenes, then uses the extracted illumination information to render the objects added to the scene. The system covers several major components to achieve a more realistic augmented reality outcome. First, the detection of the incident light (direct illumination) from the physical scene with the use of computer vision techniques based on the topological structural analysis of 2D images using a live-feed 360^o camera instrumented on an AR device that captures the entire radiance map. Also, the physics-based light polarization eliminates or reduces false-positive lights such as white surfaces, reflections, or glare which negatively affect the light detection process. Second, the simulation of the reflected light (indirect illumination) that bounce between the real-world surfaces to be rendered into the virtual objects and reflect their existence in the virtual world. Third, defining the shading characteristic/properties of the virtual object to depict the correct lighting assets with a suitable shadow casting. Fourth, the geometric properties of real-scene including plane detection, 3D surface reconstruction, and simple meshing are incorporated with the virtual scene for more realistic depth interactions between the real and virtual objects. These components are developed methods which assumed to be working simultaneously in real-time for photo-realistic AR. The system is tested with several lighting conditions to evaluate the accuracy of the results based on the error incurred between the real/virtual objects casting shadow and interactions. For system efficiency, the rendering time is compared with previous works and research. Further evaluation of human perception is conducted through a user study. The overall performance of the system is investigated to reduce the cost to a minimum.