Relevant bibliographies by topics / Light wavelength conversion

Academic literature on the topic 'Light wavelength conversion'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Light wavelength conversion":

1

Wu, Yuning, Zhiwei Shi, Huan Jiang, and Yaohua Deng. "Multi-Wavelength Spot-Array Beams Based on Tunable Dammann Grating Metasurface." Photonics 10, no. 2 (January 30, 2023): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020141.

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The structured light projection (SLP) method occupies a crucial position in three-dimensional (3D) imaging technology. Different working wavelengths of structured light can be employed depending on the situation. However, there are few structured lights that can be modulated based on wavelength at present. Therefore, we have comprehensively investigated and designed a Dammann grating (DG) based on metasurface, which can be controlled through multi-beam interference (MBI) to achieve a change of the working wavelength. In this work, we can convert the straight waveguide to the helical waveguide by fine-tuning the related parameters of the incident lights and generate 5 × 5 diffraction spot arrays in the wavelength range of 480–510 nm and 950–1020 nm, respectively. Furthermore, the metasurfaces exhibit good performance. For example, their spread angles can be up to 44° × 44° and they can reach a conversion efficiency of over ≥50% while maintaining a contrast ratio of roughly 40%. Compared with traditional structured light, it can be used in different working wavelengths and has a broader application range in 3D sensing systems.
2

Li, Yang, Zhijin Huang, Zhan Sui, Huajiang Chen, Xinyue Zhang, Weian Huang, Heyuan Guan, et al. "Optical anapole mode in nanostructured lithium niobate for enhancing second harmonic generation." Nanophotonics 9, no. 11 (June 29, 2020): 3575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0222.

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AbstractSecond harmonic generation (SHG) with a material of large transparency is an attractive way of generating coherent light sources at exotic wavelength range such as VUV, UV and visible light. It is of critical importance to improve nonlinear conversion efficiency in order to find practical applications in quantum light source and high resolution nonlinear microscopy, etc. Here an enhanced SHG with conversion efficiency up to 10−2% at SH wavelength of 282.7 nm under 11 GW/cm2 pump intensity via the excitation of anapole in lithium niobite (LiNbO3, or LN) nanodisk through the dominating d33 nonlinear coefficient is investigated. The anapole has advantages of strongly suppressing far-field scattering and well-confined internal field which helps to boost the nonlinear conversion. Anapoles in LN nanodisk is facilitated by high index contrast between LN and substrate with properties of near-zero-index via hyperbolic metamaterial structure design. By tailoring the multi-layers structure of hyperbolic metamaterials, the anapole excitation wavelength can be tuned at different wavelengths. It indicates that an enhanced SHG can be achieved at a wide range of pump light wavelengths via different design of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) hyperbolic metamaterials substrates. The proposed nanostructure in this work might hold significances for the enhanced light–matter interactions at the nanoscale such as integrated optics.
3

Hemminga, D. J., O. O. Versolato, and J. Sheil. "Simulations of plasmas driven by laser wavelengths in the 1:0642—10:6 μm range for their characterization as future extreme ultraviolet light sources." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 3 (March 2023): 033301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0125936.

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We characterize the properties of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light source plasmas driven by laser wavelengths in the [Formula: see text] range and laser intensities of [Formula: see text] W cm−2 for [Formula: see text]. Detailed numerical simulations of laser-irradiated spherical tin microdroplet targets reveal a strong laser-wavelength dependence on laser absorptivity and the conversion efficiency of generating in-band EUV radiation. For [Formula: see text] irradiation, the increase in in-band radiation with increasing laser intensity is offset by only a minor reduction in conversion efficiency. Radiative losses are found to dominate the power balance for all laser wavelengths and intensities, and a clear shift from kinetic to in-band radiative losses with increasing laser wavelength is identified. Yet, with increasing laser intensity, such a shift is absent. We find that the existence of a maximum conversion efficiency, near [Formula: see text], originates from the interplay between the optical depths of the laser light and the in-band EUV photons for this specific droplet-target geometry.
4

Zhang, Yungang, Yongda Wang, Yunjie Liu, Xinyu Ai, Zhiguo Zhang, and Jimeng Li. "Measurement of CS2 Absorption Cross-Sections in the 188–215 nm Region at Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure." Applied Spectroscopy 75, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702820955244.

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Carbon disulfide, an important sulfur-containing species, has strong absorption lines in the wavelength range of 188 nm to 215 nm. It is difficult to accurately measure the absorption cross sections of carbon disulfide because carbon disulfide will be easily converted into carbon sulfide when it is exposed to ultraviolet light. In this study, the absorption cross sections of carbon disulfide were measured by reducing carbon disulfide conversion. The factors affecting carbon disulfide conversion, including gas flow rate, ultraviolet light intensity, and duration of illumination, were studied to reduce the conversion of carbon disulfide by controlling experimental conditions in the experiment. Finally, the absorption cross sections of carbon disulfide at room temperature and atmospheric pressure were calculated using the absorption spectrum and the carbon disulfide concentration in the absence of carbon disulfide conversion. The wavelengths of 16 absorption peaks on the carbon disulfide absorption cross sections of the vibration change were marked. Carbon disulfide has the maximum absorption cross section of 4.5 × 10–16 cm2/molecule at a wavelength of 198.10 nm.
5

Arimi, Arsou, Ralf Dillert, Gerald Dräger, and Detlef W. Bahnemann. "Light-Induced Reactions of Chlorpromazine in the Presence of a Heterogeneous Photocatalyst: Formation of a Long-Lasting Sulfoxide." Catalysts 9, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9070627.

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A commercial carbon-modified titanium dioxide, KRONOClean 7000, was applied as a UV(A) and visible-light active photocatalyst to investigate the conversion of the antipsychotic pharmaceutical chlorpromazine in aqueous phase employing two monochromatic light sources emitting at wavelengths of 365 and 455 nm. Photocatalytic and photolytic conversion of chlorpromazine under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions was analyzed using a HPLC-MS technique. Depending on the irradiation wavelength and presence of oxygen, varying conversion rates and intermediates revealing different reaction pathways were observed. Upon visible light irradiation under aerobic conditions, chlorpromazine was only converted in the presence of the photocatalyst. No photocatalytic conversion of this compound under anaerobic conditions upon visible light irradiation was observed. Upon UV(A) irradiation, chlorpromazine was successfully converted into its metabolites in both presence and absence of the photocatalyst. Most importantly, chlorpromazine sulfoxide, a very persistent metabolite of chlorpromazine, was produced throughout the photolytic and photocatalytic conversions of chlorpromazine under aerobic conditions. Chlorpromazine sulfoxide was found to be highly stable under visible light irradiation even in the presence of the photocatalyst. Heterogeneous photocatalysis under UV(A) irradiation resulted in a slow decrease of the sulfoxide concentration, however, the required irradiation time for its complete removal was found to be much longer compared to the removal of chlorpromazine at the same initial concentration.
6

Wang, Li Li, and Xiang Yan Qiu. "Theoretical Analysis of Wavelength Conversion in Fiber Bragg Grating External Cavity Lasers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 236-237 (November 2012): 981–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.236-237.981.

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A new theoretical model for wavelength conversion based on XGM in fiber grating external cavity lasers is presented. The expression of mutual coupling parameter βm which indicates the efficiency of the wavelength conversion.was introduced in the model and and confirmed by numerical simulation. The theoretical analysis showed that the mutual coupling parameter βm is decided by intensity and frequency interval of CW light and the IM light, and the simulation results showed that the larger βm was, the better wavelength conversion was.
7

Liu, Yi, Zhiguo Gui, and Jialei Liu. "Research Progress of Light Wavelength Conversion Materials and Their Applications in Functional Agricultural Films." Polymers 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14050851.

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As new fluorescent materials, light wavelength conversion materials (light conversion agents) have attracted increasing attention from scientific researchers and agricultural materials companies due to their potential advantages in efficiently utilizing solar energy and increasing crop yield. According to the material properties, the light conversion agents can be divided into fluorescent dyes, organic rare-earth complexes, and inorganic rare-earth complexes. The current researches indicates that the fluorescent dyes have relatively high production costs, poor light stability, difficult degradation processes, and easily cause pollution to the ecological environment. The organic rare-earth complexes have short luminescence times, high production costs, and suffer from rapid decreases in luminescence intensity. Compared with fluorescent dyes and organic rare-earth complexes, although rare-earth inorganic complexes have high luminous efficiency, stable chemical properties, and better spectral matching performance, the existing inorganic light conversion agents have relatively poor dispersibility in agricultural films. According to the research on light conversion agents at home and abroad in recent years, this paper first introduces the three common light conversion agents, namely fluorescent dyes, organic rare-earth complexes, and inorganic rare-earth complexes, as well as their uses in agricultural films and their mechanisms of light conversion. At the same time, the preparation methods, advantages, disadvantages, and existing problems of various light conversion agents are classified and explained. Finally, we predict the development trends for light conversion agents in the future by considering six aspects, namely efficiency, cost, compatibility with greenhouse films, light matching, and light transmittance, in order to provide a reference for the preparation of stable and efficient light conversion agent materials.
8

KOUTA, Hikaru, and Yasuhiko KUWANO. "Light Scattering in a Wavelength Conversion BBO Single Crystal." Review of Laser Engineering 26, no. 3 (1998): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.26.261.

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Arahira, Shin, and Hitoshi Murai. "Wavelength conversion of incoherent light by sum-frequency generation." Optics Express 22, no. 11 (May 21, 2014): 12944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.012944.

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Taghizad Fanid, A., and A. Rostami. "A proposal for wide range wavelength switching process using optical force." Physica Scripta 96, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 125537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac3fd3.

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Abstract Optomechanical wavelength up-conversion based on optical force and core–shell scattering effects are used to control light coupling between two waveguides. This system consists of two parallel optical waveguides with 20 μm lengths suspended on a silica substrate embedded with Ag/Si/SiO2 core–shell nanoparticles. By mid-IR plane wave illumination with different intensities and different wavelengths on nanoparticles, scattering would increase and result in an improvement in attractive gradient optical force exerted on waveguides. Via bending waveguides toward each other, visible light propagating in the first waveguide would couple to another. PDMS as a polymer is used to reduce the required power for bending waveguides. Results reveal that when waveguides’ gap equilibrium is 400 nm and wavelengths of control and probe lights are 4.5 μm and 0.45 μm respectively, about 10.75 mW μm−2 power is needed to bend waveguides for total coupling of light between waveguides. The efficiency of the coupled waveguides system is %43.
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Journal articles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Light wavelength conversion":

1

Pant, Ravi. "SLOW-LIGHT PHYSICS FOR ALL-OPTICAL TUNABLE DELAY." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194272.

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High-speed optical networks will require all-optical signalprocessing to avoid bottleneck due to optical-to-electrical (O/E)and electrical-to-optical (E/O) conversion. Enabling of opticalprocessing tasks such as optical buffering and data synchronizationwill require large tunable delay. Recently, slow-light physics gotwide attention to generate tunable delay. However, for a slow-lightsystem large delay comes at the expense of increased distortion.This dissertation presents a study of the slow-light systems andquantifies the limitations imposed on delay due to distortion andsystem resource constraints. Optimal designs for two- and three-lineBrillouin slow-light systems showed fractional pulse delay of up to1.7 compared to a single-line gain system. Optimal designs forbroadband Brillouin gain system showed upto 100\% delay improvementcompared to the Gaussian pump. Wavelength conversion and dispersionbased tunable delay systems showed bit delay of 15 bits. An opticalbuffer based on photorefractive medium for real-time data storagewas demonstrated by storing and retrieving a 7-bit data sequence.
2

Savelev, Evgenii. "Formation de structures de domaines régulières et conversion de longueur d'onde dans le niobate de lithium modifié par échange protonique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ4141.

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Buts de la recherche: (1) étude de l'évolution de la structure de domaine dans les monocristaux CLN modifiés par la méthode d'échange protonique doux lors de la commutation de la polarisation dans le champ électrique homogène et dans le champ créé par un microscope sonde à balayage, (2) analyse de la génération de seconde harmonique dans les monocristaux CLN dopés au magnésium avec une structure de domaine régulière créée au moyen d'un balayage par faisceau d'électrons.Pour atteindre ces buts, les principaux objectifs suivants ont été formulés:1. Étudier les particularités de la croissance anormale des domaines lamellaires sur la surface polaire pendant la commutation de polarisation dans les monocristaux de niobate de lithium modifiés par échange protonique doux.2. Étudier l'influence des paramètres d'échange protonique sur la distribution spatiale de la composition, la cinétique de la structure de domaine et les champs de seuil dans les monocristaux de niobate de lithium modifiés.3. Élaborer des méthodes de structures de domaine quasi-périodiques et régulières dans les monocristaux de niobate de lithium modifiés.4. Étudier les particularités de la génération de seconde harmonique dans les monocristaux de niobate de lithium dopés au magnésium avec une structure de domaine régulière créée au moyen d'un balayage par faisceau d'électrons focalisés.Méthodologie et méthodes de recherche.Des études expérimentales systématiques de la structure de domaine ont été réalisées à l'aide d'équipements analytiques modernes de haute précision. La visualisation in situ de l'évolution de DS a été réalisée à l'aide de la microscopie optique avec une caméra à grande vitesse. La distribution spatiale des ions H+ dans les plaques étudiées a été mesurée à l'aide de la microscopie confocale Raman (СRM). La visualisation non destructive de DS sur la surface a été réalisée par microscopie à force piézoélectrique à balayage (PFM). La visualisation des domaines en volume a été réalisée à l'aide de CRM et de la microscopie à génération de seconde harmonique (SHG). La commutation de polarisation locale à l'aide d'un microscope sonde à balayage a été utilisée pour créer des domaines isolés et des structures de domaine.PRINCIPAUX RÉSULTATS ET CONCLUSIONS DE L'ÉTUDE1. Il a été étudié pour la première fois la croissance anormale de domaines lamellaires sur la surface polaire Z pendant la commutation de polarisation dans des monocristaux de niobate de lithium modifiés par un échange protonique doux.2. Il a été trouvé que les champs de seuil de formation de domains anormalement bas sur la surface polaire Z dépendaient de la durée du processus d'échange protonique.3. Il a été détecté l'effet de la formation de structures de domaine quasi-périodiques pendant la croissance de domaines lamellaires à partir d'une paroi de domaine planaire.4. La diminution anormale observée des champs de seuil de la croissance des domaines lamellaires à la suite d'un échange protonique doux est attribuée à la formation d'un champ interne de cohérence causé par la présence d'un gradient de composition dans la couche superficielle.5. Il est démontré que la valeur du gradient de composition dans la couche superficielle croît avec l'augmentation de la durée de l'échange protonique, ce qui conduit à une diminution du champ de seuil.6. Il est démontré qu'il est possible de créer une structure de domaine régulière et stable avec une période de 500 nm en commutant localement la polarisation à l'aide d'un microscope sonde à balayage.7. Il a été obtenu pour la première fois une émission de 374 nm de longueur d'onde par génération de seconde harmonique dans un cristal de niobate de lithium dopé au magnésium avec une structure de domaine régulière d'une période de 2 µm créée par balayage à l'aide d'un faisceau d'électrons focalisé
Conclusion1. The abnormal growth of stripe domains on the Z-polar surface during polarization switching in lithium niobate single crystals modified by soft proton exchange was studied for the first time.2. The dependences of abnormally low values of threshold fields of domain formation on the Z-polar surface on the duration of the proton exchange process are revealed.3. The effect of the formation of quasi-periodic domain structures with the growth of stripe domains from a planar domain wall was found.4. The observed anomalous decrease in the threshold field of stripe domain growth as a result of soft proton exchange is attributed to the formation of bound internal field caused by the presence of a composition gradient in the near-surface layer.5. It is shown that the composition gradient in the near-surface layer increases with an increase in the duration of the proton exchange process, which leads to a decrease in the threshold field.6. The possibility of creating a stable periodic domain structure with a period of 500 nm by local switching using the probe of a scanning probe microscope is demonstrated.7. For the first time, radiation with a wavelength of 374 nm was obtained by the method of the second-harmonic generation in a crystal of magnesium doped lithium niobate with a 2-µm-period domain structure created by scanning with a focused electron beam
3

"All-optical wavelength conversion for optical communication systems." 1998. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6073158.

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by Chan Lai Yin, Simon.
"December 1998."
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references.
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
4

Chiang, Hsin-Chun, and 江信均. "Simultaneous Surface Plasmon Couplings with Light Emitters of Different Wavelengths for Enhancing Color Conversion Efficiency." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/r8v5fc.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
光電工程學研究所
106
By placing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) between green-emitting (~520 nm) InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) and red-emitting (~620 nm) CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) for inducing simultaneous surface plasmon (SP) coupling with QWs and QDs, the internal quantum efficiencies (IQEs) of both QDs and QWs can be enhanced. With a high enough QD density, the absolute emission intensity of QDs can also be enhanced through SP coupling. By comparing the samples with different Ag NP geometries, an Ag NP structure producing the localized surface plasmon (LSP) resonance peak around the middle between the QW and QD emission wavelengths leads to the maximum QD IQE enhancement. This behavior is attributed to the LSP resonance coverage of both QW and QD emission wavelengths such that the SP coupling can be effective for enhancing QW emission at ~520 nm, QD absorption at ~520 nm, and QD emission at ~620 nm at the same time. The combination of those effects results in an overall largest increase of QD IQE.

Books on the topic "Light wavelength conversion":

1

Wright, A. G. The Photomultiplier Handbook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.001.0001.

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This handbook is aimed at helping users of PMTs who are faced with the challenge of designing sensitive light detectors for scientific and industrial purposes. The raison d’être for photomultipliers (PMTs) stems from four intrinsic attributes: large detection area, high, and noiseless gain, and wide bandwidth. Detection involves a conversion process from photons to photoelectrons at the photocathode. Photoelectrons are subsequently collected and increased in number by the action of an incorporated electron multiplier. Photon detection, charge multiplication, and many PMT applications are statistical in nature. For this reason appropriate statistical treatments are provided and derived from first principles. PMTs are characterized by a range of photocathodes offering detection over UV to infra-red wavelengths, the sensitivities of which can be calibrated by National Laboratories. The optical interface between light sources and PMTs, particularly for diffuse or uncollimated light, is sparsely covered in the scientific literature. The theory of light guides, Winston cones, and other light concentrators points to means for optimizing light collection subject to the constraints of Liouville’s theorem (étandue). Certain PMTs can detect single photons but are restricted by the limitations of unwanted background ranging in magnitude from a fraction of a photoelectron equivalent to hundreds of photoelectrons. These sources, together with their correlated nature, are examined in detail. Photomultiplier biasing requires a voltage divider comprising a series of resistors or active components, such as FETs. Correct biasing provides the key to linear operation and so considerable attention is given to the treatment of this topic. Electronic circuits and modules that perform the functions of charge to voltage conversion, pulse shaping, and impedance matching are analysed in detail.

Book chapters on the topic "Light wavelength conversion":

1

Jalali, Bahram, Ricardo Claps, Dimitri Dimitropoulos, and Varun Raghunathan. "Light Generation, Amplification, and Wavelength Conversion via Stimulated Raman Scattering in Silicon Microstructures." In Topics in Applied Physics, 199–238. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39913-1_6.

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Hayashi, Shin’ichiro, and Norihiko Sekine. "Optical Heterodyne Measurement of Terahertz Wave." In Terahertz Technology [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99168.

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One of the most notable frequency regions in terms of research currently lies in the ‘frequency gap’ region between microwaves and infrared: terahertz wave. Although new methods for generating and detecting terahertz wave have been developed, few detectors operating at room temperature are able to capture low-energy terahertz beams. Here we introduce the optical heterodyne measurement (nonlinear frequency up-conversion detection) of terahertz wave using parametric wavelength conversion in a nonlinear crystal; this has better sensitivity than many commonly used thermal detectors such as pyroelectric detectors. Additionally, optical heterodyne techniques allow the beams of terahertz wave to be visualized and their frequency and intensity determined directly as visible light. These are very promising for extending applied researches into the terahertz region, and we expect that these will open new research fields such as wireless information communications or non-destructive inspection in the terahertz region.
3

Salzmann, David. "Applications." In Atomic Physics in Hot Plasmas, 240–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195109306.003.0010.

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Abstract This final chapter is devoted to a short review of the potential applications of radiation from hot plasmas for commercial purposes. X-rays emitted from hot plasmas have remarkable advantages over the use of visible light in several applications. In particular, the short wavelength, which is capable of providing orders of magnitude better spatial resolution than visible rays, is of paramount importance in several industrial and high-tech applications. The conversion efficiency of visible into x-ray intensity in laser-produced plasmas may attain several tens percent, thereby providing an x-ray source in the range of 109-1010 watts, which is equivalent to a few joules in ∼ 10-9 s. This is a very high radiant intensity that may have industrial or high-tech applications.
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Bandyopadhyay, Krishanu, Abhineet Verma, Tamal Ghosh, Ravi Kumar Kanaparthi, Sudeena Nadendla, and Satyen Saha. "Illuminating Advances: Photochemistry and Photophysics of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) and Its Structural Correlation." In Revolutionizing Energy Conversion - Photoelectrochemical Technologies and Their Role in Sustainability [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004054.

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This chapter discusses the significant impact of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands on the optical properties of metal complexes. It highlights the key role of NHC ligands in shifting the d−d transitions of these complexes to shorter wavelength regions, rendering them luminescent. The study focuses on NHC-based metal complexes involving copper, silver, platinum, iridium, and coinage metals, showcasing their luminescent properties and potential applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, it also underscores a challenge: the quantum yields of these metal complexes may not be sufficient for practical applications. To address this issue, this chapter proposes modifying the NHC ligand with electron-rich substituents, aiming to reduce the HOMO-LUMO gap and shift d-d transitions into the UV region. Additionally, it introduces cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAACs) as promising ligands for tuning the photophysical properties of metal complexes. CAACs are noted for their ability to decrease the HOMO-LUMO gap compared to NHCs and their electrophilic nature. Luminescent CAAC metal complexes are found to exhibit sub-microsecond lifetimes, making them suitable candidates for OLED applications. Ultimately, the research challenges researchers to better understand the structure, bonding, and properties of these complexes to create stable and highly luminescent materials using abundant and cost-effective metals like iron, copper, zinc, and silver.
5

Weller, Mark T., and Nigel A. Young. "Fundamental aspects of characterisation methods in inorganic chemistry." In Characterisation Methods in Inorganic Chemistry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hesc/9780199654413.003.0001.

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This chapter discusses the fundamental aspects of characterization methods in inorganic chemistry. While not all of the techniques described in this book use the electromagnetic spectrum as a probe of the structures of inorganic molecules and materials, four of the main physical methods — NMR spectroscopy, vibrational spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy — all employ light of a specific range of wavelengths. Other less commonly employed techniques, such as Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy, also use portions of the electromagnetic spectrum covering the energy range from gamma rays, with wavelengths of a few picometres, to microwaves, with wavelengths of centimetres to metres. Because the full electromagnetic spectrum is employed to characterize inorganic compounds, the data obtained covers a very large wavelength and, therefore, energy range. The chapter then describes energy unit conversions and Fourier transforms in spectroscopy.
6

Martinho Simões, José A., and Manuel Minas da Piedade. "Photocalorimetry." In Molecular Energetics. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195133196.003.0014.

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Most experimental techniques addressed in the present book are suitable for investigating the thermochemistry of thermally activated reactions, that is, those reactions whose activation barrier can be overcome by increasing the thermal energy of the reactants. This thermal energy, which is the average sum of molecular translational, rotational, and vibrational energies, can be changed by varying the temperature of the reactants. Some chemical reactions, however, do not occur by thermal activation. They require larger energy inputs—big enough to raise the electronic energy of at least one of the reactants and even induce the cleavage of a chemical bond. This “surgical” energy promotion is only attainable by electromagnetic radiation with a suitable wavelength. Visible light (420–700 nm) or ultraviolet radiation are typically used because the energies involved are in the same range of electronic excitation energies and of bond dissociation enthalpies, for example, a 700 nm photon corresponds to an energy of 170.9 kJ mol−1 (see conversion factors in appendix A). The reactions initiated by electromagnetic radiation are said to be photochemically activated. Note that only the initiation step may require the absorption of one or more photons (a photochemical reaction). Subsequent steps of the mechanism may be “dark reactions,” proceeding by thermal activation. The thermochemical study of photochemical or photochemically activated processes is not amenable to most of the calorimeters described in this book, simply because they do not include a suitable radiation source or the necessary auxiliary equipment to monitor the electromagnetic energy absorbed by the reaction mixture. However, it is not hard to conceive how a calorimeter from any of the classes mentioned in chapter 6 (adiabatic, isoperibol, or heat flow) could be modified to accommodate the necessary hardware and be transformed into a photocalorimeter. A general discussion of the basic principles of photocalorimetry, which we closely follow in the ensuing discussion, was made by Teixeira and Wadsö [179]. An amount of radiant energy E is supplied to the calorimetric cell and absorbed by the reaction mixture, initiating a chemical reaction.
7

Kumari, Shikha, Talapati Akhil Sai, and Koushik Dutta. "Nanotechnological Advancement in Energy Harvesting and Energy Storage with Hybridization Potentiality." In Nanoelectronics Devices: Design, Materials, and Applications (Part I), 377–424. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136623123010017.

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Decaying sources of non-renewable energy (fossil fuel) turned the research focus to other natural renewable resources. Among these, solar power is advantageous in terms of area and maintenance cost. However, the high installation cost of conventional solar cells restricts individual uses; alternatively, lightweight and flexible solar cells evolved. Among them, Dye-Sensitized Solar-Cell (DSSC) are inexpensive and considered nanotechnological advancement. Step-by-step improvisation of the photo-conversion efficiency has been discussed in light of nanoengineering on metal oxides. Simultaneously, the dependence of wavelength on the choice of dye has also been focused opting for a particular application field. Energy storage device (solid-state batteries and/or supercapacitors) is an inevitable part of solar-cell for ensured use at required time and space. With the help of nanotechnology, the major problems of storage efficiency are critically pointed out with possible way-out. In this connection, the adopted nanoengineering aspects are extensively discussed considering improvements in the battery capacity, cycle life, and charge and discharge cycles with the highest degree of safety. Linking with the nanostructures, the nanotubular array provides a higher specific surface area maximizing the performance for both the DSSCs and energy-storage devices, as anode material. Again, the unidirectionality of the carrier transport path enhances electron collection. The present endeavor includes such research instances probing towards the amalgamation of these two technologies to indicate the futuristic direction of the self-chargeable storage unit. The present scope is designed broadly in three sections, where the first section deals with the step-by-step improvement of DSSC with a prime focus on the oxide nanotube-based photoanode. The second section deliberates on the research trends for storage devices with the nanotube-based anode. In the last section, the unification of these two technologies within a single chip or area using a common anode is the main emphasis to enhance the utility and green approach for the future world.
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Lambert, Tristan H. "Functional Group Interconversion." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0004.

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Chaozhong Li of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 10401) the silver nitrate catalyzed decarboxylative fluorination of carboxylic acids, which shows interesting chemoselectivity in substrates such as 1. A related decarboxylative chlorination was also reported by Li (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 4258). Masahito Ochiai at the University of Tokushima has developed (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 982) an iodobenzene-catalyzed Hofmann rearrangement (e.g., 3 to 4) that proceeds via hypervalent iodine intermediates. The dehydrating agent T3P (propylphosphonic anhydride), an increasingly popular reagent for acylation chemistry, has been used (Tetrahedron Lett. 2012, 53, 1406) by Vommina Sureshbabu at Bangalore University to convert amino or peptide acids such as 5 to the corresponding thioacids with sodium sulfide. Jianqing Li and co-workers at Bristol-Myers Squibb have shown (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 214) that trimethylaluminum, which has long been known to effect the direct amidation of esters, can also achieve the direct coupling of acids and amines, such as in the preparation of amide 8. The propensity of severely hindered 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP) amides such as 9 to undergo solvolysis at room temperature has been shown (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 548) by Guy Lloyd-Jones and Kevin Booker-Milburn at the University of Bristol. The reaction proceeds by way of the ketene and is enabled by sterically induced destabilization of the usual conformation that allows conjugation of the nitrogen lone pair with the carbonyl. Matthias Beller at Universität Rostock has found (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 3905) that primary amides may be transamidated via copper(II) catalysis. The conditions are mild enough that an epimerization-prone amide such as 11 undergoes no observable racemization during conversion to amide 13. A photochemical transamidation has been achieved (Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 405) by Christian Bochet at the University of Fribourg that utilizes 385-nm light to activate a dinitroindoline amide in the presence of amines such as 15, which produces the amide 16. Notably, photochemical cleavage of the Ddz protecting group occurs at a shorter wavelength of 300 nm.
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Luo, Ying, Zheng Wang, and Hong He. "Recent Developments in (Oxy)nitride Photocatalysts With Narrow Bandgaps for Solar-driven Water Splitting." In Recent Developments in Functional Materials for Artificial Photosynthesis, 53–91. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781839167768-00053.

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Water (H2O) splitting based on particulate photocatalysts is one of the most desirable approaches to directly convert solar energy into clean and renewable hydrogen energy. To achieve high solar energy conversion efficiency, photocatalysts must respond to visible light with longer wavelengths that comprise the majority of sunlight. (Oxy)nitride materials, a class of the most promising photocatalysts for water splitting owing to their narrow band gaps and proper band energy potentials, have experienced intensive exploration, and achieved encouraging progress over the past two decades. The solar-to-hydrogen (STH) energy conversion efficiency of (oxy)nitrides has been significantly improved but is still far from the theoretical value. How to better design and modify these materials to enhance their photocatalytic performance is extremely interesting and important. In this chapter, we present a summary of recent developments in (oxy)nitride photocatalysts for solar-driven water splitting, whilst focusing on important strategies for the enhancement of their photocatalytic activities.
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L.A. Letswalo, Machaba, and Leelakhrishna Reddy. "Cerium Compounds in LEDs Technology." In Cerium - Chemistry, Technology, Geology, Soil Science and Economics. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004171.

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This chapter explores the application and benefits of cerium compounds in LEDs, delving into their impact on photoluminescence, electroluminescence, quantum efficiency, and color quality. Cerium compounds (CeO2) play a crucial role in enhancing the efficiency of LEDs. Phosphors are substances that absorb photons and emit light of different wavelengths. By introducing cerium compounds as phosphors in LEDs, the conversion of blue light to other colors becomes more efficient, resulting in improved luminous efficacy. In this chapter, the study on YAG:Ce phosphor material shows that vacuum annealing tends to suppress Ce3+ oxidation more than air annealing, leading to a considerable 20% increase in photoluminescence emission intensity. The optimized YAG:Ce nanoparticles were used to create a white light emitting diode (WLED) that produced cool-white light with a maximum radiation luminous efficacy of 285 lm/W and a comparable color rendering index of 83. Furthermore, Na2MgSiO4:Ce3+:Li+ phosphor study displays tunable emission color characteristics when the content of Ce3+ is increased or Li+ is added as a charge compensator. The utilization of cerium compounds (CeO2) has demonstrated significant efficiency and color quality improvements on YAG:Ce and Na2MgSiO4:Ce3+:Li+ phosphor components.

Conference papers on the topic "Light wavelength conversion":

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Lau, Ryan K. W., Yoshitomo Okawachi, Michaël Ménard, Michal Lipson, and Alexander L. Gaeta. "Broadband Wavelength Conversion of Incoherent Light in Silicon Nanowaveguides." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2011.cmaa3.

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Kurokawa, Takashi, and Koji Nonaka. "Simultaneous Demultiplexing and Wavelength Conversion of NRZ Optical Signals using a Side-Injection-Light-Controlled Bistable Laser Diode." In Semiconductor Lasers: Advanced Devices and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slada.1995.tua.1.

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Photonic digital switches will be indispensable in future all-optical nodes for both time- and wavelength-division processing of optical signals for digital regeneration, Mux/Demux, and wavelength conversion. A bistable laser diode has the potential to achieve time- and wavelengh-divison processing simultaneously because it is inherently capable of digital regeneration due to its memory characteristics and of wavelength conversion when a side-injection structure is used [1,2]. This paper reports optical demultiplexing of 1 Gbps NRZ signals with simultaneous wavelengh conversion using a side-injection-light-controlled bistable laser diode (SILC-BLD) module with pigtailed fibers and a monitoring pin-photodiode.
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Melloni, Andrea, M. Torregiani, A. Canciamilla, and Francesco Morichetti. "Four Wave Mixing and wavelength conversion in slow light regime." In 2009 IEEE/LEOS Winter Topicals Meeting Series (WTM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/leoswt.2009.4771700.

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Chandrasekharan, Harikumar K., Frauke Izdebski, Itandehui Gris-Sánchez, Nikola Krstajić, Richard Walker, Helen L. Bridle, Paul A. Dalgarno, et al. "Multiplexed wavelength-to-time conversion of multimode light (Conference Presentation)." In Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XXI, edited by Gualtiero Nunzi Conti and Sonia M. García-Blanco. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2252482.

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Katayama, Ryuji. "Far UV light generation by AlN-based wavelength conversion devices." In Gallium Nitride Materials and Devices XIX, edited by Hadis Morkoç, Hiroshi Fujioka, and Ulrich T. Schwarz. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3001482.

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Namiki, Shu, Hung Nguyen Tan, Karen Solis-Trapala, and Takashi Inoue. "Signal-transparent wavelength conversion and light-speed back propagation through fiber." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2016.th4f.1.

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Kong, Aru, Ting Lei, and Xiaocong Yuan. "Mode and Wavelength Hybrid Multiplexer Enabled by Multi-Plane Light Conversion." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2021.t4a.207.

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Notomi, M., T. Tanabe, E. Kuramochi, A. Shinya, and H. Taniyama. "Photonic Crystal Nanocavities: Slow Light, All-optical; Processing, Wavelength Conversion, Optical MEMS." In 2007 4th IEEE International Conference on Group IV Photonics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/group4.2007.4347721.

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Ikuta, Rikizo, Tsuyoshi Kitano, Yoshiaki Kusaka, Takashi Yamamoto, Masato Koashi, and Nobuyuki Imoto. "Frequency down-conversion of non-classical light from visible wavelength to telecom wavelength using difference-frequency generation." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2011.jthb18.

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Dobashi, Kazuma, Yasuhiro Tomihari, Koichi Imai, Junji Hirohashi, and Satoshi Makio. "Wavelength adjustability of frequency conversion light of Yb-doped fiber laser based on FBGs." In Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XVII, edited by Konstantin L. Vodopyanov and Kenneth L. Schepler. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2288045.

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Reports on the topic "Light wavelength conversion":

1

Wang, Hailin, and Lin Tian. Optomechanical Light-Matter Interface with Optical Wavelength Conversion. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626746.

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Koziel, Jacek, Yael Laor, Jeffrey Zimmerman, Robert Armon, Steven Hoff, and Uzi Ravid. Simultaneous Treatment of Odorants and Pathogens Emitted from Confined Animal Feeding Operations (CAFOs) by Advanced Oxidation Technologies. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7592646.bard.

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A feasibility study was conducted, aiming to explore the potential effectiveness of UV/TiO2/O3 photooxidation technologies for simultaneous treatment of odorant and pathogen emissions from livestock and poultry operations. Several key parameters were tested in laboratory (US) and semi-pilot (Israel) scale conditions including: the effects of light energy dose (treatment time and light intensity), relative humidity and air temperature, UV wavelength, presence of photocatalyst (TiO2) and the presence of ozone. Removal and conversion of odor, target gases (sulfur-containing volatile organic compounds S-VOCs, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), phenolics, and ammonia), and airborne pathogens was tested. Up to 100% removal (below method detection level) of S-VOCs, VFAs, and phenolics, the overall odor, and up to 64.5% of ammonia was achieved with optimized treatment. Treatments involving deep UV band (185 nm) and photocatalyst (TiO2) were more efficient in removal/conversion of odorous gases and odor. The estimate of the operational cost of treatment was based on measured emissions of several odorous VOCs from full scale, commercial swine farm ranges from $0.15 to $0.59 per finisher pig. This figure represents significantly lower cost compared with the cost of biofiltration or air scrubbing.

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