Academic literature on the topic 'Light towers'
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Journal articles on the topic "Light towers"
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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, and Ronald B. Gibbons. "Effect of Work Zone Lighting on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Perceptions of Glare." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2617, no. 1 (January 2017): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2617-06.
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Nighttime crashes at work zones are major concerns for construction workers and motorists. Although in a majority of the U.S. states, department of transportation specifications for work zone lighting mention that contractors should reduce glare for workers and drivers, only two states advocate detailed specifications like light positions, orientation, and light levels. Although some studies have examined the impact of glare from work zone lights on workers and others have calculated veiling luminance levels for drivers in the work zone, the effect of work zone lighting on drivers’ visual performance and glare perception has never been studied in a realistic setting. The goal of this study was to understand the impact of commercially available portable light towers (metal halide, LED, and balloon) and their orientation on drivers’ visual performance and their perceptions of glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone simulated on the Virginia Smart Road. Visual performance was assessed by a detection task and perception of visibility and glare were assessed by questionnaires. Results indicated that the type of light tower and its orientation affect visual performance and perceptions of visibility and glare. Light towers aimed toward the driver resulted in lowering drivers’ visual performance, both objectively and subjectively. When the light towers were aimed away from or perpendicular to the driver, the visual performance was higher and the differences in visual performance between the types of light towers were minimal. These findings indicate that these orientations should be preferred for work zone light towers.
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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, and Ronald B. Gibbons. "Effects of Mounting Height, Offset Distance, and Number of Light Towers on Drivers’ Visual Performance and Discomfort Glare in Work Zones." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 16 (July 1, 2018): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118782762.
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Portable light towers are a significant source of glare to motorists entering a work zone. Although existing research has evaluated the effect of light tower orientation on visibility and glare, the effects of factors like mounting height, offset distance from the roadway, and number of light towers in the work zone, on visual performance and discomfort glare is not known. Understanding these relationships can help in developing illuminating guidelines for work zones that can reduce glare for drivers. The goal of this paper is to understand the effect of mounting height, offset distance to the roadway, and number of light towers in the work zone on drivers’ visual performance and discomfort glare. Participants drove through a realistic work zone and evaluated portable light towers in varying mounting heights, offset distances, and number of light towers in the work zone. Results showed that the mounting height and offset distances play a critical role in affecting the driver’s visual performance and discomfort glare rating. Portable light towers, irrespective of wattage and lumen output, at lower than a mounting height of 20 ft and closer to the roadway result in decreasing driver visual performance and increasing their discomfort glare. Portable light towers should be mounted at a height of at least 20 ft and balloon light towers with higher wattage (4,000 W and greater) and lumen output (400,000 lumens and greater) should be located at an offset distance of at least 10 ft from the roadway.
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Gaile, Liga. "Analysis of Dynamic Parameters of Observation Towers in Latvia." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 8, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2013vol2.847.
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The purpose of this research is to experimentally identify the performance of most of the light-weight observation towers open for public in Latvia. It analyzes the structure of towers, technical condition, dynamic parameters and dynamic response to human movement along the tower height. During the experiment there were measured and recorded the vibration accelerations of 18 observation towers’ upper platform. Further dynamic parameters were extracted using the spectral analysis. There was performed the sensitivity analysis to establish parameters that most influences the dynamic response amplitudes due to human movement. All experimentally obtained fundamental frequencies of the inspected towers are in the typical range of human walking frequencies. It is found that the main parameter that denotes the response level (acceleration amplitude) of the tower due to human movement is a tower self-weight.
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Wilcock, Douglas, and Mary Haynes. "Faith, Hope, and Charity." Mathematics Teacher 106, no. 5 (December 2012): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mathteacher.106.5.0334.
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On the outer arm of Cape Cod, a series of lighthouses was built in 1838 to warn mariners of the dangers of running aground. One, consisting of three towers, was built in North Eastham as a triple light to differentiate it from the single light at Highland (Truro) and the double light at Chatham. The three towers were called the Three Sisters because their white bases and black tops recalled ladies in white formal dress with black hats (see photograph 1). By 1911 a change in technology allowed a triple signal from a single tower, and two of the “sisters” were moved from the coast to their present location in North Eastham. The National Park Service bought the third sister in 1983 and relocated it next to its sisters.
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Bruss, F. Thomas, Guy Louchard, and John W. Turner. "On the N-tower problem and related problems." Advances in Applied Probability 35, no. 1 (March 2003): 278–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1046366109.
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Consider N towers each made up of a number of counters. At each step a tower is chosen at random, a counter removed which is then added to another tower also chosen at random. The probability distribution for the time needed to empty one of the towers is obtained in the case N = 3. Arguments are set forward as to why no simple formulae can be expected for N > 3. An asymptotic expression for the mean time before one of the towers becomes empty is derived in the case of four towers when they all initially contain a comparably large number of counters. We then study related problems, in particular the ruin problem for three players. Here we use simple martingale methodology as well as a solution proposed by T. S. Ferguson for a slightly modified problem. Throughout the paper it is our main objective to shed light on the reasons why the case N > 3 is so substantially different from the case N ≤ 3.
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Jayaprabakar, J. "Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Fill Materials in Cooling Towers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 505–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.505.
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The cooling water system is the industry’s primary way of conserving water. Modern water cooling towers were invented during the industrial age to dissipate heat when natural cooling water sources were available. The origin of cooling towers made the plant site selection independent of the availability of water source. The development of new, high efficiency film fills produced from light weights, flame retarded PVC reduces the size and weight of cross flow cooling towers. Today’s cooling tower combine the latest advanced materials to achieve the optimum balancing of High corrosion resistance, product durability and cost. Based on their specific functions, cooling tower components are designed using the materials with the best combination of corrosion resistance and physical properties. In this work, the coefficient of performance is determined by using Simpson’s rule and the performance of cooling tower at various L/G ratios is evaluated. The optimum approach of the tower is calculated.
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Bruss, F. Thomas, Guy Louchard, and John W. Turner. "On the N-tower problem and related problems." Advances in Applied Probability 35, no. 01 (March 2003): 278–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800012180.
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Consider N towers each made up of a number of counters. At each step a tower is chosen at random, a counter removed which is then added to another tower also chosen at random. The probability distribution for the time needed to empty one of the towers is obtained in the case N = 3. Arguments are set forward as to why no simple formulae can be expected for N > 3. An asymptotic expression for the mean time before one of the towers becomes empty is derived in the case of four towers when they all initially contain a comparably large number of counters. We then study related problems, in particular the ruin problem for three players. Here we use simple martingale methodology as well as a solution proposed by T. S. Ferguson for a slightly modified problem. Throughout the paper it is our main objective to shed light on the reasons why the case N > 3 is so substantially different from the case N ≤ 3.
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Paula, Unathan Kayke de, Luiz Fernando Rasuck de Carvalho, Elvys Dias Reis, and Deysiane Antunes Barroso Damasceno. "Static and dynamic analysis of telecommunication towers subjected to wind." Research, Society and Development 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): e18611427279. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v11i4.27279.
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The expansion of the telecommunications sector in Brazil in recent years and the consequent increase in demand for telecommunication towers open space for a discussion about the guidelines to be taken during the execution of projects of this type of structure. Because they are light and slender structures, wind loads become preponderant for the design of these towers and wind analysis is an important topic to be discussed. Thus, this work analyzes design aspects employing numerical modeling and parametric studies. The Brazilian standard NBR 6123:1988 was used to obtain the wind speed and its static and dynamic loads, to compare the responses generated by each of the methods. Then, this process was repeated following the European standard IEC 60826:2017, to compare the results between the two standards methods. A parametric study was also performed with towers of different heights to better understand the structure behavior. The tower responses were obtained using the finite element software SAP2000, in which a lattice tower model with a constant square section was developed, to which the wind loads calculated according to the aforementioned standards were applied. The results showed that each analysis method generates considerably different results, revealing that this is a point that should be very well studied during the design of telecommunication towers.
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Shimoda, Ichita. "Towers on the Earthen Foundation: New Insights by the Excavation and Boring Survey at the Bayon Temple." Heritage 4, no. 4 (September 29, 2021): 2835–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040159.
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Bayon temple, built in the latter half of the 12th century, is one representative temple of the Angkor monuments. To shed light on the foundation structure of the central towers that stand on the elevated terrace, archaeological excavation and boring tests were conducted. Based on these surveys, a unique foundation structure was revealed under the central towers. It was confirmed that there is no laterite or sandstone support structure directly beneath the upper structure, and that there is only compacted soil at a thickness of approximately 16 m above the natural sedimentary soil. On the other hand, a laterite masonry 6 m thick and 7–9 m wide was confirmed from around the compacted soil. In other words, the heavy load of the central towers is supported by compacted soil that is constrained from the sides by a laterite structure. In addition, the boring surveys provided new insights into the low structural property of the backfilled soil after the past excavation survey below the central tower and the extension process of the elevated terrace supporting the central towers. Delivered information about the foundation structure and material of central towers, including soil property, water table, water contents, and bearing capacity will be valuable for the future structural assessment of this temple.
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Mochocki, Wojciech, Paulina Obara, and Urszula Radoń. "System-reliability analysis of steel truss towers." MATEC Web of Conferences 219 (2018): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821902001.
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Steel truss towers are important structures in civil engineering, used as, for example, antenna towers, architectural towers, transmission towers, chimney towers, light towers, viewing towers, or water towers. In the paper, the latter structural type is analysed. Three types of truss towers with different topology are discussed. The towers are designed according to the standards. Next, reliability analysis is performed and the influence of type of truss topology on reliability is analysed. Reliability analysis concerns formulation of the limit state, calculation of failure probability and determination of reliability index. In the paper, the system approach is proposed, definitely more complete than that obtained using approximation-simulation methods. In the case of structures analysed in the paper, the types of reliability models are determined. Identification of reliability models relies on studies on the transformation of the safe structural system into the geometrically variable system (mechanism). The investigations made it possible to determine the kinematically admissible failure mechanisms which contain minimal critical sets of elements. In order to identify the mechanism, spectral analysis of the linear stiffness matrix is used. In the case of the towers of concern, the formulas specifying the number of mechanisms for any number of repeating sections are determined.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Light towers"
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Thörn, Frida, and Wilhelm Sjöstedt. "Estimating the Risk of Self-Initiated Upward Lightning to Onshore Wind Turbines and Towers." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-295598.
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Field observations has shown that wind turbinesare especially exposed to lightning strikes. The probability forlightning strikes to offshore wind turbines has been analysed ina previous article. In this project the probability for upwardself-initiated lightning strikes to onshore wind turbines anda lightning protection tower was analysed. This was done bycollecting elevation data and recreating the site topographyin COMSOL Mutliphysics 5.5, and also by collecting weatherdata which were analysed in MATLAB. The probability for thecritical electrostatic field was then calculated and analysed. Theresult shows that the risk of lightning strike is correlated to thetopography and cloud height.Fältobservationer har visat att vindkraftverk är särskilt utsatta för blixtar. En tidigare studie har analyserat sannolikheten för blixtar på vindkraftverk belägna ute till havs. I det här projektet analyserades sannolikheten för blixtar på vindkraftverk och en vädermast på land. Detta gjordes genom att samla väder och topografidata från de undersökta områdena, som sedan modellerades i COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. Sannolikheten att ett kritiskt elektriskt fält uppstår beräknades med hjälp av MATLAB. Resultatet visar att risken för blixtar är korrelerat med topografin och molnhöjden.
Kandidatexjobb i elektroteknik 2020, KTH, Stockholm
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Dai, Jiaqi. "Opening and Space: A contemplative tower in the woods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/92697.
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This thesis aims to explore architectural experience by addressing how different types of openings exert an impact to the space. The openings not only play a critical role in giving a palpable presence to natural light in a space, but also facilitate a specific way of seeing the world – together generating a spiritual resonance through a sequence of well-designed spaces.
The journey happens in a four-story tower, which is influenced by four parts of a tree, providing a space to experience tranquility removed from a chaotic world and to gain a deeper understanding of the trees. With an emphasis on the manipulation of natural light and views, certain kinds of atmospheres are created on each floor to shape the perception of space.Master of Architecture
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Reader, Paul. "Towards light switchable surfaces." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17959.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Polymeric nanofibrous membranes that act as surfaces offer two compelling properties; they have extremely large surface areas that can be modified and they can offer multiple reactive sites depending on which polymer they were electrospun from. Combining nanofibrous surfaces such as these with photochromic dyes can give remarkable, light responsive materials. In this study, a terpolymer was electrospun and crosslinked (to impart insolubility to the material) to produce a nanofibrous mat that contained surface secondary-hydroxyl units and benzyl chloride units, from which monomers could grow using surface-initiated atom transfer polymerization (SI-ATRP). The surface was further fluorinated though the secondary-hydroxyl moieties to produce a hydrophobic crosslinked nanofibrous surface. n-Butyl acrylate and a photochromic spiropyran dye were copolymerized from the surface using SIATRP, in order to produce a surface that exhibited reversible adhesion towards a water droplet using ultraviolet and visible light as a stimulus to change between the two states. This in principle would allow the droplet to roll off and stick to the surface respectively. Although the surface displayed a colour change when switched, proving that the SI-ATRP had taken place, the droplet of water remained attached to the surface in both states.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Polimeriese nanovesel membrane wat dien as oppervlaktes bied twee aantreklike eienskappe; hulle het baie groot oppervlakareas wat gemodifiseer kan word en hulle bied veelvuldige reaktiewe punte, afhangende van die polimeer waarvan hulle ge-elektrospin is. Deur sulke nanovesel oppervlaktes met fotochromiese kleurstowwe te kombineer, kan uitstekende lig reagerende materiale verkry word. In hierdie studie is ‘n terpolimeer ge-elektrospin en daarna gekruisbind (om die materiaal onoplosbaar te maak) om ‘n nanovesel web te kry wat oppervlak sekondêre-hidroksiel en benzielchloried eenhede bevat. Monomere kan dan vanaf hierdie eenhede groei deur middel van oppervlak-geïnisieerde atoomoordrag polimerisasie (OI-AOPR). Die oppervlak was verder gefluorineer via die sekondêre-hidroksiel eenhede om ‘n hidrofobiese, gekruisbinde nanovesel oppervlak te vorm. n-Butielakrilaat en ‘n fotochromiese spiropiraan kleurstof is gekopolimeriseer vanaf die oppervlak deur middel van OI-AORP om sodoende ‘n oppervlak te skep wat omkeerbare adhesie van ‘n water druppel gee as ultraviolet en sigbare lig as stimulus gebruik word om tussen die twee toestande te wissel. In beginsel sal die water druppel vanaf die oppervlak kan afrol én daaraan vassit, afhangende van die toestand van die oppervlak. Alhoewel die oppervlak van kleur verander het met die wisseling tussen die twee toestande, wat as bewys dien dat OI-AORP wel plaasgevind het, het die druppel water bly vassit aan die oppervlak in beide toestande.
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Martin, Gregory Isaac. "Legitimizing the Senses and Provoking Emotions." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33309.
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Evans, Megan, and not supplied. "Towards a poetics of light: the conceits of light." RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070418.095100.
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Towards a Poetics of Light; The Conceits of Light is a critical quest to map associations between rhetorical figures, psychological defences and spatial tropes in an attempt to conceive a poetic design that enacts conceit. Light is an emblem which echoes with an abundance of representations in literature, history, art and architecture and parallels may be drawn between their resemblances however apparently remote. Love, knowledge, hope and creative passion mark turns in the threads that knot ideas and their representations together. Return of the Immortals, the final project in a series of works exploring these parallels and representations, gathers together a cascade of tropes to structure a spatial experience which culminates in The Conceits of Light.
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Mayeux, Annabelle. "Towards light-activated molecular devices." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412647.
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Graham, Katherine Joy. "Scenographic light : towards an understanding of expressive light in performance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20414/.
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In the expanded field of performance design research there is a growing understanding of the dynamic and affective capacities of performance materials, and how such materials may play a fundamental role in the audience experience of a given performance. Parallel to this research in scenography is a similar extension of the conception of the roles of light and dark in performance. Reconciling and extending these areas of research this PhD thesis posits the term ‘scenographic light’ to encapsulate the ability of performance light to actively inscribe dramaturgical meaning in space and time, arguing that light is capable of independently contributing to performance through its manipulation of space, time, and visuality. This doctoral research uses auto-ethnographic spectatorship as a means of identifying the unique contribution of light to performance. Employing a phenomenological framework to explore the dynamic role of light within performance, this study presents an ontology of light that is rooted in dramaturgical action. The experiential framework put forward in this research facilitates a theoretical discussion about the dramaturgical impact of light, revolving specifically around questions of how light affects other elements in performance, how it seems to perform as a material in itself, and how, in respect of these things, it can become a generative force in performance. By applying these questions to a wide range of contemporary performance practices I identify and articulate ways in which light can be considered a significant contributor to performance, working simultaneously with, but independently of, other elements in performance. The implications of this research invite an expanded view of the position of light in performance analysis, and suggest that the study of light may be productively aligned with explorations of audience engagement and affect.
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Tsui, Jeffrey (Jeffrey Ling Siu) 1975. "Hyper-light architecture : composite tower for Hong Kong." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70343.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-102).
The initial concept of the thesis beg ins with an interest in understanding the materials, manufacturing and aesthetics of modern product design and its relation ship with architecture and space . The approach to the problem begins with an exploration of specific materials that are commonly used in other design and manufacturing fields but that are currently underutilized in the building construction industry. The thesis is an investigation of exploiting composite materials in developing a structural system for buildings and construction. Specific properties of composites, various connection . techniques as well as different construction/fabrication methods involved are essential issues that are explored throughout the design process. The project targets at creating a new typology and aesthetics in vertical building systems that takes advantage of the specific structural characteristics of these materials. Utilizing the characteristics of high -density site conditions such as the Central district in Hong Kong and through an application of a sensible programmatic organization, the project serves as a demonstration of the design within a realistic environment as well as within pragmatic constraints. The outline of the thesis is as follows: 1. Research and investigation of materials 2. Site analysis and background information, 3. Design requirements, criteria and decision-making 4. Models for experimentation and illustration of design ideas 5. Presentation materials
Jeffrey Tsui.
M.Arch.
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Knotek, Michael P. "Adult faith growth through darkness, toward light /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Cailes, John. "Towards the light : A fictionalized (auto) biography." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/673.
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Towards the Light - - at times biographical, autobiographical, and basically fiction - is built out of anecdotes supplied to me as the result of direct questioning of my parents and relatives, and from my own memories of past experiences; from private 'on the ground' observations both in Western Australia and in Cornwall, England – and, where factual information is lacking, a good deal of creative invention on my part. My paternal great-grandfather who at the age of eight began his working life in a Cornish tin mine provided me with a figure central to my purpose while constructing this narrative. To this character I have added details borrowed from or inspired by events that at times affected various other members of my family and those to whom they were devoted. Notable contributors to the composite character to whom I have given the name of Harry Coates, and to his family, are my father, his brothers and my own siblings. I suspect that I, too, appear reflected in the main text; but in general I have 'tried to contain my overt self within the autobiographical accompaniment that appears at the head of most chapters of the work. My over-arching interest, however, is in representing ordinary people such as inhabit the mostly anonymous majority of any society, the name-less ones whose existence is often only inferred in official histories; people such as the other forty-nine milliners and dressmakers besides Ann Haynes in Perth, for instance, to whom Tom Stannage refers in his The People of Perth (1979:114) or just a sample of the reported 8000 by which the Western Australian (white) population grew in the period 1870-1884 (Crowley,1964:33) - men and women who go about the vital business of their own survival.
Books on the topic "Light towers"
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Light of burning towers: Poems, new and selected. [Montreal]: Véhicule Press, 1990.
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Pierre, Guicheney, ed. Bell towers of Paris: A stroll through the city of light. New York: Abrams, 2006.
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Towers in the light: Rebuilding the liberal Christian vision and the mainline church. Lima, Ohio: Fairway Press, 1994.
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ADMINISTRATION, FEDERAL AVIATION. Light gun signals from the control towers for ground vehicles, equipment, and personnel. [Washington, D.C.] (800 Independence Ave., S.W., Washington 20591): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, 1994.
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Tower of light. Palm Coast, Fla: Spirit Daily Pub., 2007.
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Brown, Margaret Gillies. Looking towards light. Dundee [Scotland]: Blind Serpent Press, 1988.
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McGonagle, Riona. The crystal tower of light. Galway: Arlen House, 2004.
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Digging towards the light. Dublin: Dedalus Press, 1994.
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Buchanan, William J. Running toward the light. Waco, Tex: WRS Pub., 1994.
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Laurie, Becklund, and Polson Beth, eds. Go toward the light. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Light towers"
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Mataré, Victor, Tim Niemueller, and Gerhard Lakemeyer. "Robust Multi-modal Detection of Industrial Signal Light Towers." In RoboCup 2016: Robot World Cup XX, 416–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68792-6_35.
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Lausch, Angela, Marco Heurich, Paul Magdon, Duccio Rocchini, Karsten Schulz, Jan Bumberger, and Doug J. King. "A Range of Earth Observation Techniques for Assessing Plant Diversity." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 309–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_13.
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AbstractVegetation diversity and health is multidimensional and only partially understood due to its complexity. So far there is no single monitoring approach that can sufficiently assess and predict vegetation health and resilience. To gain a better understanding of the different remote sensing (RS) approaches that are available, this chapter reviews the range of Earth observation (EO) platforms, sensors, and techniques for assessing vegetation diversity. Platforms include close-range EO platforms, spectral laboratories, plant phenomics facilities, ecotrons, wireless sensor networks (WSNs), towers, air- and spaceborne EO platforms, and unmanned aerial systems (UAS). Sensors include spectrometers, optical imaging systems, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), and radar. Applications and approaches to vegetation diversity modeling and mapping with air- and spaceborne EO data are also presented. The chapter concludes with recommendations for the future direction of monitoring vegetation diversity using RS.
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Sadoulet, Bernard. "The Academic Ivory Tower Under Siege." In Amazing Light, 565–72. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2378-8_53.
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Knight, Walter D. "Charlie Townes at Brookhaven." In Amazing Light, 367–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2378-8_37.
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Stoicheff, Boris P. "Townes and Nonlinear Optics." In Amazing Light, 621–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2378-8_59.
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Bloembergen, Nicholas. "Meeting Charles H. Townes." In Amazing Light, 87–89. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2378-8_9.
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Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude N. "The Autler-Townes Effect Revisited." In Amazing Light, 109–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2378-8_11.
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Darras, Jacques, and Daniel Snowman. "Towards the Light." In Beyond the Tunnel of History, 97–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20690-2_13.
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Klut, Peter, Travis Turco, Wouter Ewalts, and Erik Dupon. "Aluminerie de Bécancour Conditioning Tower Replacement." In Light Metals 2016, 479–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_79.
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Klut, Peter, Travis Turco, Wouter Ewalts, and Erik Dupon. "Aluminerie DE BÉCancour Conditioning Tower Replacement." In Light Metals 2016, 479–83. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.ch79.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Light towers"
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Grignaffini, S., and M. Romagna. "A lighting study for air traffic control towers." In LIGHT 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/light110161.
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Tanuku, Srinivas, K. Rama Mohana Rao, and B. Pandu Rangarao. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF TELECOM TOWER USING INDIA AND AMERICAN STANDARDS." In International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering & Technology (IConETech-2020). Faculty of Engineering, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47412/dwhy3671.
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Self-supporting lattice tower are being effective structural system by considering simple, light weight, easy fabrication and installation for supporting telecom equipment at elevated heights. With increase in demand of lattice towers, a critical review on approach for analysis is highly essential to ensure reliable and safe structures. In this paper, a comparative study is taken up on methodologies followed in both national standards (India, America) for assessment of wind loads on bare tower, linear accessories, discrete accessories along with design resistance of members and connections for Two different configurations – Square angular tower, Triangular Hybrid Tower. From the detailed analysis, it is concluded that, American standard (ANSI/TIA-222H) is using Ultimate windspeed for calculation of wind loads based on risk category of structure along with strength reduction factors based on criticality of components compared to Indian Standards (IS 875(Part 3)-2015, IS 802) which resulted lesser wind load on structure i.e., 30% in Square Tower (Oblique wind direction) and 23% in Triangular Hybrid Tower using ANSI/TIA-222H. Also, no major difference observed for calculation of member capacity and connection. Therefore, it is concluded that Tower weights approximately reduces by 10-15% based on Tower configuration using ANSI/TIA-222H compared to Indian Standards
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Gonzalez, Aurelio, Jose Gonzalez-Aguilar, and Manuel Romero. "Preliminary Analysis of a 100-kWth Mini-Tower Solar Field With an Integrated Optical Waveguide Receiver for Solar Chemistry." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90194.
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Solar-driven thermochemical hydrogen production, CO2 abatement technologies and production of solar fuels and chemicals in general, are candidates in the near future to be scaled-up at solar thermal concentrating facilities in the framework of demonstration projects. Chemical demonstrators undoubtedly will be more demanding in terms of temperature and solar flux than current applications oriented to electricity production. Some of the more promising H2 production technologies are already in the position to scaling reactors up to the 1-MWth level. Demonstration scale useful to develop new solar chemistry processes usually considers input thermal powers between 100 kWth and 1,000 kWth. In this range, the best option is making use of mini-towers with heliostat fields. Then, the challenge is to efficiently introduce high fluxes (above 2,000 kW/m2) with a small field of heliostats in solar chemical reactors (usually requiring high temperatures, above 1,000 °C, and high pressures). In order to overcome it, some authors have proposed the use of light waveguides collecting systems for directing concentrated solar light towards a reactor cavity (1, 2, and 3). This solution makes possible the use of a large variety of reactor geometries and to guarantee the reactor tightness even working at high pressures. However it becomes the critical component of the plant design since it largely governs the facility efficiency and configuration due to its optical properties. This work presents the design of a 100-kWth demonstration plant placed in Mo´stoles, Spain (40° 20′ N, 3° 52′ W) with the concepts mentioned above, in which the light waveguide system is formed by a set of units that are composed by a secondary concentrator and a bundle of optical fibers. This study has paid special attention to optical performances of the facility by analyzing the coupling between solar heliostats field layout and the solar receiver composed by light waveguides. In addition, the paper provides information on sizing, efficiencies and expected investment cost based on light waveguides specifications.
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Muscatello, Giovanna. "La torre nella torre. Recupero e rilievo 3D per la fruizione della Torre Matta ad Otranto." In FORTMED2020 - Defensive Architecture of the Mediterranean. Valencia: Universitat Politàcnica de València, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11357.
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The tower in the tower. Recovery and 3D survey for virtual visits to the Torre Matta in OtrantoOtranto is one of the biggest ancient settlements in the Salento (Puglia), in the easternmost part of the Italian peninsula. This location has always affected the city’s history, which has a stratified system of defence. As a result of the Turkish invasion of 1480, the city was completely destroyed. During the counter-offensive of 1481 the city was reconquered by the Aragonese, who are credited with the reconstruction of the city and its defences, building high walls with circular towers (still visible and well conserved), which housed artillery pieces on the various floors of the casemates. Around the mid sixteenth century the existing defensive structures were enriched with bastions including the imposing pentagonal structure that incorporates the circular tower of the late fifteenth century, the so-called Torre Matta, facing the harbour. As part of recent recovery measures, the enormous room inside the bastion was completely emptied. This entailed removing all the accumulated material which, over the years, had come to fill the entire space. This material obscured the external wall of the fifteenth century tower enclosed within the bastion, of which, at the beginning of the work, only the stone corbels and the blind arches at the top were visible. The material had also prevented access via the only original entrance, on the south-east side, which was on the level of the moat. The stratified deposits to be removed were about 18 m deep, and the operation served to bring to light the entire room and the tower, making it possible for the first time to appreciate the relationship between the walls. To record the geometry of the individual architectural features, a 3D laser scan was performed, integrated with direct surveys. A three-dimensional model was created in order to enable virtual visits and disseminate knowledge of the monument.
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Matchision, Lauren. "Sustaining Educational Equity: Architecture Development Programs as Transformative Models to Increase Inclusivity." In 2019 ACSA Fall Conference. ACSA Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.fall.19.13.
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The desire to increase inclusivity in the field of architecture is concurrent with a perceptible growing trend in the United States in which many institutions of higher education have begun to take a closer look at student enrollment in the realization that various degree programs, including architecture, have historically lacked representation from people of color. Emerging architecture pipeline programs are poised to erode the demographic status quo by creating opportuniti es to engage historically underrepresented students while they are still in high school. Many of the explicit and implicit competencies these programs impart are valuable additions toward increasing the likelihood of more underrepresented students successfully applying to study architecture at the university level. These programs are only a small part of a growing number of efforts intended to address long-standing inequiti es in architecture education. This paper aims to assess such programs in light of Sharon Sutton’s imperative to achieve and sustain educational equity set forth in her recent book, When Ivory Towers Were Black: A Story About Race in America’s Cities and Universities. This paper first briefly identifies numerous diversity, equity, and inclusion initiatives currently taking hold in the discipline and profession of architecture. Next, it carefully examines Sutton’s account of the Columbia University School of Architecture’s attempt to transform the demographic status quo. Lastly, it considers the lessons learned from the experiment and applies them to emerging pipeline programs, referred to here as Architecture Development Programs, ultimately seeking to explore successful methods to attract, educate, and support historically under represented young people in the classroom and the profession.
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Ford, Joseph E., and Yeshayahu Fainman. "Packaging Optics for Smart Pixels." In Spatial Light Modulators. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slmo.1997.smd.1.
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As optoelectronic devices move from the research laboratory towards the factory, optical packaging issues become increasingly important in developing a viable technology. Practical optoelectronic systems will have to be simple, inexpensive and reliable.
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Langaker, John T., Christopher Hamker, and Ralph Wyndrum. "Challenges in Designing and Building a 700 MW All-Air-Cooled Steam Electric Power Plant." In ASME 2011 Power Conference collocated with JSME ICOPE 2011. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2011-55251.
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Large natural gas fired combined cycle electric power plants, while being an increasingly efficient and cost effective technology, are traditionally large consumers of water resources, while also discharging cooling tower blowdown at a similar rate. Water use is mostly attributed to the heat rejection needs of the gas turbine generator, the steam turbine generator, and the steam cycle condenser. Cooling with air, i.e. dry cooling, instead of water can virtually eliminate the environmental impact associated with water usage. Commissioned in the fall of 2010 with this in mind, the Halton Hills Generating Station located in the Greater Toronto West Area, Ontario, Canada, is a nominally-rated 700 Megawatt combined cycle electric generating station that is 100 percent cooled using various air-cooled heat exchangers. The resulting water consumption and wastewater discharge of this power plant is significantly less than comparably sized electric generating plants that derive cooling from wet methods (i.e, evaporative cooling towers). To incorporate dry cooling into such a power plant, it is necessary to consider several factors that play important roles both during plant design as well as construction and commissioning of the plant equipment, including the dry cooling systems. From the beginning a power plant general arrangement and space must account for dry cooling’s increase plot area requirements; constraints therein may render air cooling an impossible solution. Second, air cooling dictates specific parameters of major and auxiliary equipment operation that must be understood and coordinated upon purchase of such equipment. Until recently traditional wet cooling has driven standard designs, which now, in light of dry cooling’s increase in use, must be re-evaluated in full prior to purchase. Lastly, the construction and commissioning of air-cooling plant equipment is a significant effort which demands good planning and execution.
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Hemmer, Philip R. "Toward custom design of diamond-based quantum sensors (Conference Presentation)." In Slow Light, Fast Light, and Opto-Atomic Precision Metrology X, edited by Selim M. Shahriar and Jacob Scheuer. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2257566.
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Al-Shudeifat, Mohammad A. "New Design of Magnetic Nonlinear Energy Sink for Shock Mitigation in Dynamic Structures." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12461.
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Targeted energy transfer is of significant concern in the nonlinear energy sinks (NESs) used for shock (blasts, earthquakes) mitigation in small and large scale dynamic structures which saves human and equipment. The NES is a light-weighted device (<10% of the whole structure mass) which passively absorbs and rapidly dissipates a considerable portion of the initial shock energy induced to the linear dynamic structure. The proposed new design is based on utilizing the permanent magnets that generate a nonlinear repulsive magnetic force which is nearly equivalent to the required stiffness-based NES force. Using magnets instead of stiffness-based elastic materials yields a flexible and compact design of comparable efficiency with the stiffness-based existing NESs. This proposed design is expected to have wide range of applications for either small systems (Aircraft wings) or large scale dynamic structures (large scale buildings or towers). Hence, symmetric and asymmetric designs of magnet-based NESs are considered here to achieve the aimed optimum performance for shock mitigation. The results of the numerical simulation of the symmetric magnet-based NES are found to be comparable to the stiffness-based NES. However the asymmetric magnet-based design has shown better performance than the stiffness-based NES which is promising for the real life applications.
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Frandsen, Jannette B. "Utilization of Nonlinear Wave Motions in Magnetic Fields." In ASME 2007 26th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2007-29573.
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In this contribution, the energy from steep waves is extracted from liquid sloshing in tanks. The aim is to develop a damping device to control structural vibrations in for example free standing towers, offshore platforms and other engineering structures. The focus of the work is to add further energy to the liquid sloshing motions through a magnetic field. Without the magnetic field, the damping device may be too heavy and thus impractical. We seek to develop light weight environmental friendly dampers. Liquid sloshing in tanks exhibit complicated free surface behavior, especially when the waves becomes steep and break. As a result, mode interactions occur which make it difficult for practitioners to know the performance of the tuned liquid dampers. It is also known that wave breaking in tanks is the source which provide maximum energy. It is this situation, we wish to exploit further in a magnetic field. Herein, small scale physical tests are undertaken in a square tank. The parametric study includes a variation of liquid, liquid depth, magnetic strength, forcing frequency and forcing direction. The preliminary results show that a magnetic field can suppress the free surface significantly, and thus provide additional energy, potentially resulting in smaller damping devices.
Reports on the topic "Light towers"
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.
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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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Chong, Henry Herng Wei. Toward Femtosecond X-ray Spectroscopy at the Advanced Light Source. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/828144.
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Rheinberger, Christoph, and Nicolas Treich. Catastrophe aversion: social attitudes towards common fates. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, June 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/882rpq.
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In light of climate change and other existential threats, policy commentators sometimes suggest that society should be more concerned about catastrophes. This document reflects on what is, or should be, society’s attitude toward such low-probability, high-impact events. The question underlying this analysis is how society considers (1) a major accident that leads to a large number of deaths; (2) a large number of small accidents that each kill one person, where the two situations lead to the same total number of deaths. We first explain how catastrophic risk can be conceived of as a spread in the distribution of losses, or a “more risky” distribution of risks. We then review studies from decision sciences, psychology, and behavioral economics that elicit people’s attitudes toward various social risks. This literature review finds more evidence against than in favor of catastrophe aversion. We address a number of possible behavioral explanations for these observations, then turn to social choice theory to examine how various social welfare functions handle catastrophic risk. We explain why catastrophe aversion may be in conflict with equity concerns and other-regarding preferences. Finally, we discuss current approaches to evaluate and regulate catastrophic risk, with a discussion of how it could be integrated into a benefit-cost analysis framework.
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Cook, Stephen, and Loyd Hook. Developmental Pillars of Increased Autonomy for Aircraft Systems. ASTM International, January 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/tr2-eb.
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Increased automation for aircraft systems holds the promise to increase safety, precision, and availability for manned and unmanned aircraft. Specifically, established aviation segments, such as general aviation and light sport, could utilize increased automation to make significant progress towards solving safety and piloting difficulties that have plagued them for some time. Further, many emerging market segments, such as urban air mobility and small unmanned (e.g., small parcel delivery with drones) have a strong financial incentive to develop increased automation to relieve the pilot workload, and/or replace in-the-loop pilots for most situations. Before these advances can safely be made, automation technology must be shown to be reliable, available, accurate, and correct within acceptable limits based on the level of risk these functions may create. However since inclusion of these types of systems is largely unprecedented at this level of aviation, what constitutes these required traits (and at what level they must be proven to) requires development as well. Progress in this domain will likely be captured and disseminated in the form of best practices and technical standards created with collaboration from regulatory and industry groups. This work intends to inform those standards producers, along with the system designers, with the goal of facilitating growth in aviation systems toward safe, methodical, and robust inclusion of these new technologies. Produced by members of the manned and unmanned small aircraft community, represented by ASTM task group AC 377, this work strives to suggest and describe certain fundamental principles, or “pillars”, of complex aviation systems development, which are applicable to the design and architectural development of increased automation for aviation systems.
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Estrada, Jorge. Ruthless Desires of Living Together in Roberto Bolaño’s 2666: Conviviality between Potestas and Potentia. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/estrada.2022.42.
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A desire to live together is perhaps a key idea in Roberto Bolaño’s narratives. His characters are constantly negotiating their involvement in diverse societies amid the historical catastrophes of the twentieth century, so this desire becomes highly differentiated. It undergoes perspectival shifts and creates “mirror games”, which express scepticism towards universalising forms and trigger reflections on history and modernity. In this working paper, I examine how, in 2666, the cosmopolitan desire of a self-legislating and self-authorizing individual is disassembled and superseded by a convivial framework and a relational subject that is crossed by diverse determining forces. This transition is correlated to Bolaño’s diagnosis of late capitalism, in which a matrix of domination that worked with the logic of potestas is replaced by the channelling of potentia, i.e. an apparatus for capturing a flow of lives whose features only come to light in forensic discourse and project the fictional city of Santa Teresa.
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Chamovitz, Daniel, and Albrecht Von Arnim. Translational regulation and light signal transduction in plants: the link between eIF3 and the COP9 signalosome. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696515.bard.
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The COP9 signalosome (CSN) is an eight-subunit protein complex that is highly conserved among eukaryotes. Genetic analysis of the signalosome in the plant model species Arabidopsis thaliana has shown that the signalosome is a repressor of light dependent seedling development as mutant Arabidopsis seedlings that lack this complex develop in complete darkness as if exposed to light. These mutant plants die following the seedling stage, even when exposed to light, indicating that the COP9 signalosome also has a central role in the regulation of normal photomorphogenic development. The biochemical mode of action of the signalosome and its position in eukaryotic cell signaling pathways is a matter of controversy and ongoing investigation, and recent results place the CSN at the juncture of kinase signaling pathways and ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation. We have shown that one of the many CSN functions may relate to the regulation of translation through the interaction of the CSN with its related complex, eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF3). While we have established a physical connection between eIF3 subunits and CSN subunits, the physiological and developmental significance of this interaction is still unknown. In an effort to understand the biochemical activity of the signalosome, and its role in regulating translation, we originally proposed to dissect the contribution of "h" subunit of eIF3 (eIF3h) along the following specific aims: (i) Isolation and phenotypic characterization of an Arabidopsis loss-of-function allele for eIF3h from insertional mutagenesis libraries; (ii) Creation of designed gain and loss of function alleles for eIF3h on the basis of its nucleocytoplasmic distribution and its yeast-two-hybrid interactions with other eIF3 and signalosome partner proteins; (iii) Determining the contribution of eIF3h and its interaction with the signalosome by expressing specific mutants of eIF3h in the eIF3h- loss-of function background. During the course of the research, these goals were modified to include examining the genetic interaction between csn and eif3h mutations. More importantly, we extended our effort toward the genetic analysis of mutations in the eIF3e subunit, which also interacts with the CSN. Through the course of this research program we have made several critical scientific discoveries, all concerned with the apparent diametrically opposed roles of eIF3h and eIF3e. We showed that: 1) While eIF3e is essential for growth and development, eIF3h is not essential for growth or basal translation; 2) While eIF3e has a negative role in translational regulation, eIF3h is positively required for efficient translation of transcripts with complex 5' UTR sequences; 3) Over-accumulation of eIF3e and loss-of-function of eIF3h both lead to cop phenotypes in dark-grown seedlings. These results were published in one publication (Kim et al., Plant Cell 2004) and in a second manuscript currently in revision for Embo J. Are results have led to a paradigm shift in translation research – eIF3 is now viewed in all systems as a dynamic entity that contains regulatory subuits that affect translational efficiency. In the long-term agronomic outlook, the proposed research has implications that may be far reaching. Many important plant processes, including developmental and physiological responses to light, abiotic stress, photosynthate, and hormones operate in part by modulating protein translation [23, 24, 40, 75]. Translational regulation is slowly coming of age as a mechanism for regulating foreign gene expression in plants, beginning with translational enhancers [84, 85] and more recently, coordinating the expression of multiple transgenes using internal ribosome entry sites. Our contribution to understanding the molecular mode of action of a protein complex as fundamental as eIF3 is likely to lead to advances that will be applicable in the foreseeable future.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Earth System Dynamic Intelligence - ESDI. Meteoceanics, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/esdi.210414.
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Earth System Dynamic Intelligence (ESDI) entails developing and making innovative use of emerging concepts and pathways in mathematical geophysics, Earth System Dynamics, and information technologies to sense, monitor, harness, analyze, model and fundamentally unveil dynamic understanding across the natural, social and technical geosciences, including the associated manifold multiscale multidomain processes, interactions and complexity, along with the associated predictability and uncertainty dynamics. The ESDI Flagship initiative ignites the development, discussion and cross-fertilization of novel theoretical insights, methodological developments and geophysical applications across interdisciplinary mathematical, geophysical and information technological approaches towards a cross-cutting, mathematically sound, physically consistent, socially conscious and operationally effective Earth System Dynamic Intelligence. Going beyond the well established stochastic-dynamic, information-theoretic, artificial intelligence, mechanistic and hybrid techniques, ESDI paves the way to exploratory and disruptive developments along emerging information physical intelligence pathways, and bridges fundamental and operational complex problem solving across frontier natural, social and technical geosciences. Overall, the ESDI Flagship breeds a nascent field and community where methodological ingenuity and natural process understanding come together to shed light onto fundamental theoretical aspects to build innovative methodologies, products and services to tackle real-world challenges facing our planet.
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Ghosh, Arijeet, Madhurima Dhanuka, Sai Bourothu, Fernando Lannes Fernandes, Niyati Singh, and Chenthil Kumar. Lost Identity: Transgender Persons Inside Indian Prisons. Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001185.
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This report sheds light on challenges faced by Transgender persons in Indian prisons. The report analyses the international and legal frameworks in the country which provide the foundation for policy formulations with regard to confinement of LGBT+ persons, with particular reference to the Transgender community. This report also documents the responses received to right to information requests filed to prison headquarters across the country, which in addition to providing the number of Transgender prisoners in Indian prisons between 1st May 2018 to 30th April 2019, also provides relevant information on compliance within prisons with existing legal frameworks relevant to protecting the rights of Transgender persons in prisons, especially in terms of recognition of a third gender, allocation of wards, search procedures, efforts towards capacity building of prison administrators etc. The finalisation of this report has involved an intense consultative process with individuals and experts, including representatives from the community, community-based organisations as well as researcher and academicians working on this issue. This report aims to enhance the understanding of these issues among stakeholders such as prison administrators, judicial officers, lawyers, legal service providers as well as other non-state actors. It is aimed at better informed policy making, and ensuring that decisions made with respect to LGBTI+ persons in prisons recognize and are sensitive of their rights and special needs.
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Douglas, Thomas A., Christopher A. Hiemstra, Stephanie P. Saari, Kevin L. Bjella, Seth W. Campbell, M. Torre Jorgenson, Dana R. N. Brown, and Anna K. Liljedahl. Degrading Permafrost Mapped with Electrical Resistivity Tomography, Airborne Imagery and LiDAR, and Seasonal Thaw Measurements. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41185.
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Accurate identification of the relationships between permafrost extent and landscape patterns helps develop airborne geophysical or remote sensing tools to map permafrost in remote locations or across large areas. These tools are particularly applicable in discontinuous permafrost where climate warming or disturbances such as human development or fire can lead to rapid permafrost degradation. We linked field-based geophysical, point-scale, and imagery surveying measurements to map permafrost at five fire scars on the Tanana Flats in central Alaska. Ground-based elevation surveys, seasonal thaw-depth profiles, and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) measurements were combined with airborne imagery and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) to identify relationships between permafrost geomorphology and elapsed time since fire disturbance. ERT was a robust technique for mapping the presence or absence of permafrost because of the marked difference in resistivity values for frozen versus unfrozen material. There was no clear relationship between elapsed time since fire and permafrost extent at our sites. The transition zone boundaries between permafrost soils and unfrozen soils in the collapse-scar bogs at our sites had complex and unpredictable morphologies, suggesting attempts to quantify the presence or absence of permafrost using aerial measurements alone could lead to incomplete results. The results from our study indicated limitations in being able to apply airborne surveying measurements at the landscape scale toward accurately estimating permafrost extent.
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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock, and Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.
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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.