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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Light sensitive: A play in two acts. New York: S. French, 1993.

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2

No weapon prosper shall: New light on sensitive issues. Provo, Utah: Published by the Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, in cooperation with Deseret Book Company, 2011.

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3

Klinger, Daniel. Light-Sensitive Polymeric Nanoparticles Based on Photo-Cleavable Chromophores. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00446-4.

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4

International Summer School on Light-sensitive and Conducting Polymers (1989 Leipzig, Germany). International Summer School on Light-sensitive and Conducting Polymers: July 3-8, 1989 in Leipzig, GDR. Edited by Roth H. -K and Technische Hochschule Leipzig. Sektion Naturwissenschaften. Leipzig: Der Rektor der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig, 1989.

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5

Carr, N. A. Photopolymerization of dye-sensitized coatings by laser light. Manchester: UMIST, 1991.

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6

POPOFF, Martin. Sensitive to Light: The Rainbow Story. Wymer Publishing, 2020.

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7

Light Sensitive: The Photography of Kathy Harcom. Arem Publishing Ltd, 2004.

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8

Light Sensitive: Contemporary Australian Photography from the Loti Smorgon Fund. National Gallery Of Victoria, 2007.

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9

executive, Health and safety. Application of Electro-sensitive Protective Equipment Using Light Curtains and Light Beam Devices to Machinery. 2nd ed. Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1999.

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10

Hall, Edith, ed. New Light on Tony Harrison. British Academy, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197266519.001.0001.

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This volume of essays arose from a conference which marked the 80th birthday of prizewinning British poet Tony Harrison on 30 April 2017 and with his agreement constitutes his ‘official’ Festschrift. The contributors include practising poets, playwrights, specialists in Classics, Theatre, Translation Studies, English and World Literature, and professionals in media (radio, newspapers, TV and film) where Harrison’s extensive work has been least researched. The aim of the volume is to open up new approaches to the understanding of the work of one of our most important poets. Although it is indeed intended to provide the substantial and sufficiently comprehensive contribution to Harrison scholarship that his official eight-decades-alive merit, and the Editor’s Introduction to the volume is sensitive to the needs of the reader in terms of bibliographical signposts, the four sections focus primarily on areas that have been hitherto little explored: (1) his more recent poems; (2) the continuation of his relationship with ancient theatre after the landmark Oresteia and Trackers of the 1980–1990 decade, his evolving dramatic relationship with Euripides, and with French authors (Hugo, Molière, Racine); (3) the international angle. This entails both the profound contribution made to his work by his periods of residence abroad, in Africa, North America, Moscow and Prague, and his popularity in French and Italian translation (both European translators have agreed to speak); (4) his extensive body of poems (about which almost nothing has been published) written specifically for delivery in the media of film, television and radio.
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11

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Diffusion Transfer, Dye Transfer, Electrostatic, Light and Heat Sensitive, and Other Photocopying Equipment. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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12

The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Diffusion Transfer, Dye Transfer, Electrostatic, Light and Heat Sensitive, and Other Photocopying Equipment. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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13

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Diffusion Transfer, Dye Transfer, Electrostatic, Light and Heat Sensitive, and Other Photocopying Equipment in Japan. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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14

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Diffusion Transfer, Dye Transfer, Electrostatic, Light and Heat Sensitive, and Other Photocopying Equipment in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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15

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Diffusion Transfer, Dye Transfer, Electrostatic, Light and Heat Sensitive, and Other Photocopying Equipment in Greater China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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16

J, Bachmann Klaus, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. P-polarized reflectance spectroscopy: A high sensitive real-time monitoring technique to study surface kinetics under steady state epitaxial deposition conditions. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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17

J, Bachmann Klaus, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. P-polarized reflectance spectroscopy: A high sensitive real-time monitoring technique to study surface kinetics under steady state epitaxial deposition conditions. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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18

J, Bachmann Klaus, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. P-polarized reflectance spectroscopy: A high sensitive real-time monitoring technique to study surface kinetics under steady state epitaxial deposition conditions. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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19

Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 Outlook for Diffusion Transfer, Dye Transfer, Electrostatic, Light and Heat Sensitive, and Other Photocopying Equipment in the United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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20

S, Hewitt F., Bailey C. M, King Alfred's College, and Ilford Limited, eds. Report of the Ilford educational research project: A study of light sensitive materials as an agent for enhancing children's learning across the curriculum of the primary school. Winchester: King Alfred's College, 1987.

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21

Stojnić, Una. Context and Coherence. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198865469.001.0001.

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Natural languages are riddled with context-sensitivity. One and the same string of words can express indefinitely many different meanings on an occasion of use. And yet we understand one another effortlessly, on the fly. What fixes the meaning of context-sensitive expressions, and how are we able to recover this meaning so quickly and without effort? This book offers a novel response: we can do so because we draw on a broad array of subtle linguistic conventions that fully determine the interpretation of context-sensitive items. Contrary to the dominant tradition, which maintains that the meaning of context-sensitive language is underspecified by grammar, and depends on non-linguistic features of utterance situation, this book argues that meaning is determined entirely by discourse conventions, rules of language that have largely been missed, and the effects of which have been mistaken for extra-linguistic effects of an utterance situation on meaning. The linguistic account of context developed in this book sheds a new light on the nature of linguistic content, and the interaction between content and context. At the same time, it provides a novel model of context that should constrain and help evaluate debates across many sub-fields of philosophy where appeal to context has been common, often leading to surprising conclusions: for example, in epistemology, ethics, value theory, metaphysics, metaethics, and logic, among others.
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22

Alqassas, Ahmad. A Multi-locus Analysis of Arabic Negation. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433143.001.0001.

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This book studies the micro-variation in the syntax of negation of Southern Levantine, Gulf and Standard Arabic. By including new and recently published data that support key issues for the syntax of negation, the book challenges the standard parametric view that negation has a fixed parametrized position in syntactic structure. It particularly argues for a multi-locus analysis with syntactic, semantic, morphosyntactic and diachronic implications for the various structural positions. Thus accounting for numerous word order restrictions, semantic ambiguities and pragmatic interpretations without complicating narrow syntax with special operations, configurations or constraints. The book includes data from Southern Levantine, Gulf and Standard Arabic, which shed light on word order contrasts in negative clauses and their interaction with tense/aspect, mood/modality, semantic scope over adverbs, and negative sensitive items. It also has new data challenging the standard claim in Arabic linguistics literature that negation has a fixed parametrized position in the clause structure. The book brings a new perspective on the role of negation in licensing negative sensitive items, scoping over propositions and interacting with pragmatic notions such as presupposition and speech acts.
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23

Schoen, Harald, Sigrid Roßteutscher, Rüdiger Schmitt-Beck, Bernhard Weßels, and Christof Wolf. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792130.003.0013.

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This concluding chapter summarizes the main findings of the preceding chapters in light of the model of contextual effects on voter behavior. Accordingly, the processes of communication and politicization are of key importance for contextual effects. By implication, we cannot take for granted that contextual features exert sizable effects on voters’ opinion formation and behavior in each and every case. Findings about contextual effects are also context-sensitive and thus do not lend themselves to generalization by default. These observations suggest that context plays a nuanced and conditional role in voting behavior. Exploring it further should be a focal topic of future research on political behavior and democratic politics.
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24

Mathews, Jud. Constitutional Rights, Private Law, and Judicial Power. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682910.003.0008.

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This concluding chapter looks back, reviewing key insights from the case studies, and outward, reflecting on what the horizontal dimension of rights suggests about constitutionalism more broadly. The conclusion introduces short shadow case studies (Poland, China, the European Court of Justice, and the United Kingdom) that shed more light on the dynamics of horizontal rights and underscore how their impact is sensitive to institutional and political differences. The chapter considers linkages between horizontal effect and two other prominent developments in constitutionalism, proportionality review and weak-form judicial review. It concludes by suggesting that horizontal rights can serve as engines of political integration, prompting multibranch engagement in the business of giving concrete form to a nation’s most fundamental commitments.
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25

Unger, Herwig, and Wolfgang A. Halang, eds. Autonomous Systems 2017. VDI Verlag, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783186857101.

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Owing to the overwhelming amount of often sensitive data hitting contemporary users of networked devices almost everywhere, this volume’s two keynote addresses deal with the security and ethical problems of the increasingly intelligent and autonomously acting devices in our environment. Then, light is shed on theoretical, algorithmic, technical and security aspects of big data analytics, data mining, information retrieval and machine learning. As no other area of computer science and engineering, autonomous systems accelerate the development of new systems’ hardware and highly specialised applications with an unprecedented intensity. Thus, the corresponding topics addressed in this book range from computer architectures for embedded systems dedicated to safety-related automation applications and designed for verifiability and correct operation over approaches to suppress electromagnetic interferences and to Interpret experimental data to questions related to their design and develo...
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26

Wright, A. G. The Photomultiplier Handbook. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.001.0001.

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This handbook is aimed at helping users of PMTs who are faced with the challenge of designing sensitive light detectors for scientific and industrial purposes. The raison d’être for photomultipliers (PMTs) stems from four intrinsic attributes: large detection area, high, and noiseless gain, and wide bandwidth. Detection involves a conversion process from photons to photoelectrons at the photocathode. Photoelectrons are subsequently collected and increased in number by the action of an incorporated electron multiplier. Photon detection, charge multiplication, and many PMT applications are statistical in nature. For this reason appropriate statistical treatments are provided and derived from first principles. PMTs are characterized by a range of photocathodes offering detection over UV to infra-red wavelengths, the sensitivities of which can be calibrated by National Laboratories. The optical interface between light sources and PMTs, particularly for diffuse or uncollimated light, is sparsely covered in the scientific literature. The theory of light guides, Winston cones, and other light concentrators points to means for optimizing light collection subject to the constraints of Liouville’s theorem (étandue). Certain PMTs can detect single photons but are restricted by the limitations of unwanted background ranging in magnitude from a fraction of a photoelectron equivalent to hundreds of photoelectrons. These sources, together with their correlated nature, are examined in detail. Photomultiplier biasing requires a voltage divider comprising a series of resistors or active components, such as FETs. Correct biasing provides the key to linear operation and so considerable attention is given to the treatment of this topic. Electronic circuits and modules that perform the functions of charge to voltage conversion, pulse shaping, and impedance matching are analysed in detail.
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27

de Ruijter, Anniek. EU Health Law & Policy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788096.001.0001.

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This book describes the expansion of EU power in health care and public health and analyses the implications of this expansion on EU health values and rights. The main conclusion of the book is that the EU is de facto balancing fundamental rights and values relating to health, implicitly taking on obligations for safeguarding fundamental rights in the field of health and affecting individuals’ rights sometimes without an explicit legal competence to do so. This brings to light instances where EU health policy has implications for fundamental rights and values without the possibility to challenge the exercise of power of the EU in human health. This begs the question of whether subsidiarity is still the most relevant legal principle for the division of powers and tasks among the Member States, particularly when EU policy and law involves the politically sensitive areas of health care and public health. This question draws out the parameter for continuing the debate on the role of the European Union in promoting its own values and the wellbeing of its peoples, in light of its ever-growing role in human health issues.
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28

Tseng, Hua-an, Richie E. Kohman, and Xue Han. Optogenetics and Electrophysiology. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0009.

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Throughout the history of neuroscience, electrophysiological and imaging techniques have been utilized to observe neural signals at various spatial and temporal scales. However, it has been difficult to manipulate the activity of specific cells or neural circuits with the spatial and temporal resolutions relevant to neural coding. A novel technique called optogenetics, has recently been developed to control the activity of specific cells. This technique allows rapid and reversible optical activation or silencing of specific cells, which have been genetically transduced with light-sensitive molecules. The development of microbial opsin-based optogenetic molecular sensors has made optogenetics easily adaptable in various in vivo and in vitro preparations, and the technique has already been applied to understand neural circuit mechanisms of many behaviors and diseases. Here, we provide an introduction to optogenetics, the practical concerns in using the technique in vivo, and examples of applications that combine traditional electrophysiology techniques with optogenetics.
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29

Schwarz, Norbert. Of fluency, beauty, and truth. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0002.

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To evaluate whether a claim is likely to be true, people attend to whether it is compatible with other things they know, internally consistent and plausible, supported by evidence, accepted by others, and offered by a credible source. Each criterion can be evaluated by drawing on relevant details (an effortful analytic strategy) or by attending to the ease with which the claim can be processed (a less effortful intuitive strategy). Easy processing favors acceptance under all criteria—when thoughts flow smoothly, people nod along. Ease of processing is also central to aesthetic appeal, and easily processed materials are evaluated as prettier. This sheds new light on why beauty and truth are often seen as related, by poets and scientists alike. Because people are more sensitive to their feelings than to where these feelings come from, numerous incidental variables can influence perceived beauty and truth by influencing the perceiver’s processing experience.
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30

Arche, María J., Antonio Fábregas, and Rafael Marín, eds. The Grammar of Copulas Across Languages. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829850.001.0001.

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Copular verbs and copular sentences have been for many years a central issue in the theoretical discussions about the nature of (light) verbs and other grammatical categories, the ingredients of predication structures, the properties of nominal categories, agreement, and the interaction between syntax and semantics at the level of clause structure. The current research on copulas has gone beyond the investigation of what kind of objects they are, and has implications for the nature of agreement and other formal processes in syntax and morphology, as well as proposals about the types of structure building operations available in natural languages, the types of features that lexical selection is sensitive to, and the possibility that languages have access to semantically-empty elements required for the satisfaction of purely formal properties. The twelve works included in this volume illustrate the state of the art of these discussions through the analysis of detailed patterns of data from a variety of languages.
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31

Peterson, Tyler. Alignment across Tsimshianic. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.41.

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The Tsimshianic languages are entirely morphologically ergative in the agreement system. While there is a split in Tsimshianic, conditioned by both clause type and a person hierarchy, the other side of the split is not the expected nominative-accusative alignment. Rather, other logical groupings of semantic roles are found that are still ergative. This chapter presents a description of the agreement patterns across Tsimshianic, with the aim of explaining these expansions of ergativity, by undertaking a comparative analysis of the individual languages in the Tsimshianic family. This is analysis is extended to the connectives, which are complex, determiner-like morphemes that appear to be sensitive to the semantic role of the NP. This leads to four distinct alignments (nominative, ergative, neutral, and contrastive). An understanding of the alignments in the agreement system can shed light on this complexity, and a comparative analysis eliminates the multiple alignments in the connective system, thus revealing a fairly standard set of determiners.
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32

Tsur, Reuven. Elusive Qualities in Poetry, Receptivity, and Neural Correlates. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190457747.003.0013.

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Arnheim’s terms “actively organizing mind” and “passively receiving mind” can usefully be applied in practical criticism to suggest the significance of poetic structures as described by more concrete terms. But it is not quite clear what exactly they refer to. This chapter explores how the latter term can be illuminating in close readings of poems by Verlaine. Neuropsychological findings proposed in the last section fill those terms with more solid meaning. When you experience sensory stimuli, certain areas in the secondary somatosensory cortex light up. When you perceive yourself as the voluntary agent causing the sensations, this activity is suppressed. This may account for the observation that the actively organizing mind is less sensitive to elusive sensations in poetry than a passive attitude. This chapter explores the linguistic means—syntactic, semantic, and phonetic—by which Verlaine’s texts manipulate the fictional speaker and/or the flesh-and-blood reader into a passive stance.
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33

Scott, Juliette R. Legal Translation Outsourced. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190900014.001.0001.

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This highly interdisciplinary practitioner research explores the outsourced legal translation environment, with a view to optimizing fundamental aspects of procurement—commissioning and performance. The results of a global survey are analysed: participants comprised 84 principals, for the most part from leading law firms and corporations, and 303 legal translation practitioners (41 countries, 6 continents). Concepts from corporate agency theory are used to shed light on market dysfunctions, such as a tortuous chain of supply, while perspectives from genre theory, comparative law, and functionalist translation studies are applied to offer a multidimensional model for legal translation performance, and to foreground its risks and constraints. Fitness-for-purpose is examined as a workable quality criterion associated with translation briefs supplied. Professionalization and empowerment are raised as key factors with potential to significantly improve target text quality. Extensive fieldwork has brought to light ‘hot spots’ for risk, such as severely impeded information flows, insufficient interaction between market actors, and deficient translation briefs. The groundwork for dissemination to practice has already been laid, for example using a briefing template specifically developed for the outsourcing of legal translation, set to benefit commissioning clients by increasing the fitness-for-purpose of translated texts. The types of legal texts outsourced have proved in many instances to be highly sensitive, which further emphasizes the gravity of the problem and the need to take action.
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34

MacAskill, William, Krister Bykvist, and Toby Ord. Moral Uncertainty. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198722274.001.0001.

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Very often, we’re uncertain about what we ought, morally, to do. We don’t know how to weigh the interests of animals against humans, or how strong our duties are to improve the lives of distant strangers, or how to think about the ethics of bringing new people into existence. But we still need to act. So how should we make decisions in the face of such uncertainty? Though economists and philosophers have extensively studied the issue of decision-making in the face of uncertainty about matters of fact, the question of decision-making given fundamental moral uncertainty has been neglected. In this book, philosophers William MacAskill, Krister Bykvist and Toby Ord try to fill this gap. They argue that there are distinctive norms that govern how one ought to make decisions given moral uncertainty. They then defend an information-sensitive account of how to make such decisions according to which the correct way to act in the face of moral uncertainty depends on whether the moral theories in which one has credence are merely ordinal, cardinal, or both cardinal and intertheoretically comparable. They tackle the problem of how to make intertheoretic comparisons, discussing several novel potential solutions. Finally, they discuss implications of their view for metaethics and practical ethics, and show how their account can shed light on the value of moral enquiry.
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35

Baron, Alan, John Hassard, Fiona Cheetham, and Sudi Sharifi. Inside the Compassionate Organization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813958.001.0001.

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The literature on management and organization studies suggests the time is right for a focus on ‘care and compassion’. The aim of this book is to answer this call by examining the cultural changes found within a particular ‘compassionate organization’—an English hospice—from its altruistic beginnings to the more professionalized culture of today. The study seeks to understand how its members identify or fail to identify with an organization where issues of life and death take centre stage and explores some of the problems the Hospice faces regarding its representation in society. These strands are then drawn together to consider the interrelationships between culture, identity, and image in the organization. An ethnographic approach—including participant observation, extended interviews, and group meetings—was used to study this organization over a period of almost two years. This enabled the production of a nuanced, sensitive, and holistic interpretation of the case study Hospice as inferred from the views of both insiders and outsiders. The findings shed new light on the literature in management studies by proposing a view of culture as a sense-making context that facilitates group socialization underpinning a sense of personal and organizational identity. The study suggests a link between culture and group identification, making discussions about culture almost inseparable from those around identity. With regard to identity and image, however, the study suggests a dynamic and iterative relationship with a continuous flow between interpretation and reinterpretation influenced by the all-pervading cultural context.
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36

Budimirovic, Dejan B., and Megha Subramanian. Neurobiology of Autism and Intellectual Disability. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0052.

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Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests with a range of cognitive, behavioral, and social impairments. It is a monogenetic disease caused by silencing of the FMR1 gene, in contrast to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) that is a behaviorally-defined set of complex disorders. Because ASD is a major and growing public health concern, current research is focused on identifying common therapeutic targets among patients with different molecular etiologies. Due to the prevalence of ASD in FXS and its shared neurophysiology with ASD, FXS has been extensively studied as a model for ASD. Studies in the animal models have provided breakthrough insights into the pathophysiology of FXS that have led to novel therapeutic targets for its core deficits (e.g., mGluR theory of fragile X). Yet recent clinical trials of both GABA-B agonist and mGluR5 antagonist revealed a lack of specific and sensitive outcome measures capturing the full range of improvements of patients with FXS. Recent research shows promise for the mapping of the multitude of genetic variants in ASD onto shared pathways with FXS. Nonetheless, in light of the huge level of locus heterogeneity in ASD, further effort in finding convergence in specific molecular pathways and reliable biomarkers is required in order to perform targeted treatment trials with sufficient sample size. This chapter focuses on the neurobehavioral phenotype caused by a full-mutation of the FMR1 gene, namely FXS, and the neurobiology of this disorder of relevance to the targeted molecular treatments of its core symptoms.
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37

Schellenberg, Susanna. The Unity of Perception. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827702.001.0001.

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Perception is our key to the world. It plays at least three different roles in our lives. It justifies beliefs and provides us with knowledge of our environment. It brings about conscious mental states. It converts informational input, such as light and sound waves, into representations of invariant features in our environment. Corresponding to these three roles, there are at least three fundamental questions that have motivated the study of perception. How does perception justify beliefs and yield knowledge of our environment? How does perception bring about conscious mental states? How does a perceptual system accomplish the feat of converting varying informational input into mental representations of invariant features in our environment? This book develops a unified account of the phenomenological and epistemological role of perception that is informed by empirical research. So it develops an account of perception that provides an answer to the first two questions, while being sensitive to scientific accounts that address the third question. The key idea is that perception is constituted by employing perceptual capacities—for example the capacity to discriminate instances of red from instances of blue. Perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence are each analyzed in terms of this basic property of perception. Employing perceptual capacities constitutes phenomenal character as well as perceptual content. The primacy of employing perceptual capacities in perception over their derivative employment in hallucination and illusion grounds the epistemic force of perceptual experience. In this way, the book provides a unified account of perceptual content, consciousness, and evidence.
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38

Ahram, Ariel I., Patrick Köllner, and Rudra Sil, eds. Comparative Area Studies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190846374.001.0001.

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Area studies scholarship has been indispensable for the development of social scientific knowledge. However, it risks becoming marginalized without more concerted efforts to demonstrate its relevance for contemporary social science. This volume showcases comparative area studies (CAS). CAS incorporates familiar elements from past comparative research but draws them together into a strategy for balancing context-sensitive understandings of diverse locales with cross-regional qualitative research on questions that matter to social science disciplines. Part II considers the epistemological, methodological, and practical concerns driving CAS as well as the pitfalls of doing cross-regional comparative research. The chapters emphasize the distinctive gains from extending one’s field of vision beyond one’s primary area of expertise (and the costs of not doing so). Part III presents studies that illustrate how creatively designed contextualized comparisons of cases from different regions generate novel insights into a range of substantive topics—from protests and rebellions to anti-corruption campaigns, resource booms, and the organization of production. The final chapter recasts the significance of CAS in light of current debates on social science methods, suggesting that cross-regional contextualized comparison can partly compensate for some of the blind spots in the most common forms of qualitative and mixed-method research. The volume demonstrates that the pursuit of area expertise and the search for social scientific knowledge need not be a zero-sum game as long as we make conscious efforts to connect scholarly debates unfolding within separate area studies communities to each other and to the theoretical problems driving social science research.
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39

Liu, Xiaodong, and Libin Yan. Elevation-Dependent Climate Change in the Tibetan Plateau. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.593.

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As a unique and high gigantic plateau, the Tibetan Plateau (TP) is sensitive and vulnerable to global climate change, and its climate change tendencies and the corresponding impact on regional ecosystems and water resources can provide an early alarm for global and mid-latitude climate changes. Growing evidence suggests that the TP has experienced more significant warming than its surrounding areas during past decades, especially at elevations higher than 4 km. Greater warming at higher elevations than at lower elevations has been reported in several major mountainous regions on earth, and this interesting phenomenon is known as elevation-dependent climate change, or elevation-dependent warming (EDW).At the beginning of the 21st century, Chinese scholars first noticed that the TP had experienced significant warming since the mid-1950s, especially in winter, and that the latest warming period in the TP occurred earlier than enhanced global warming since the 1970s. The Chinese also first reported that the warming rates increased with the elevation in the TP and its neighborhood, and the TP was one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change. Later, additional studies, using more and longer observations from meteorological stations and satellites, shed light on the detailed characteristics of EDW in terms of mean, minimum, and maximum temperatures and in different seasons. For example, it was found that the daily minimum temperature showed the most evident EDW in comparison to the mean and daily maximum temperatures, and EDW is more significant in winter than in other seasons. The mean daily minimum and maximum temperatures also maintained increasing trends in the context of EDW. Despite a global warming hiatus since the turn of the 21st century, the TP exhibited persistent warming from 2001 to 2012.Although EDW has been demonstrated by more and more observations and modeling studies, the underlying mechanisms for EDW are not entirely clear owing to sparse, discontinuous, and insufficient observations of climate change processes. Based on limited observations and model simulations, several factors and their combinations have been proposed to be responsible for EDW, including the snow-albedo feedback, cloud-radiation effects, water vapor and radiative fluxes, and aerosols forcing. At present, however, various explanations of the mechanisms for EDW are mainly derived from model-based research, lacking more solid observational evidence. Therefore, to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of EDW, a more extensive and multiple-perspective climate monitoring system is urgently needed in the areas of the TP with high elevations and complex terrains.High-elevation climate change may have resulted in a series of environmental consequences, such as vegetation changes, permafrost melting, and glacier shrinkage, in mountainous areas. In particular, the glacial retreat could alter the headwater environments on the TP and the hydrometeorological characteristics of several major rivers in Asia, threatening the water supply for the people living in the adjacent countries. Taking into account the climate-model projections that the warming trend will continue over the TP in the coming decades, this region’s climate change and the relevant environmental consequences should be of great concern to both scientists and the general public.
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40

Cook, Christopher C. H., Eilish Gilvarry, and Andrea Hearn. Addiction Psychiatry. Edited by John R. Peteet, Mary Lynn Dell, and Wai Lun Alan Fung. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681968.003.0013.

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In addiction psychiatry, spirituality and religion present a set of ethical challenges associated with the various ways in which recovery is linked to particular spiritual and religious programs, such as those offered by the 12-step mutual help groups, related professional rehabilitation programs, and other explicitly religious programs of recovery. In addition, individual patients construct their own narratives of recovery in the light of their personal spiritual/religious beliefs. Potential clashes between the different spiritual/religious perspectives of a recovery program, and patient and professional attitudes need to be managed sensitively and with a patient centered approach The issues arising here are illustrated by way of two case studies.
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