Journal articles: 'Light-level geolocation'

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Carmody, Kathryn G., Arthur J. Mariano, and David William Kerstetter. "A Principal Component Analysis of Vertical Temperature Profiles for Tracking Movements of Large Pelagic Fishes." Aquatic Science and Technology 5, no. 1 (January 24, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ast.v5i1.10649.

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Pop-up satellite archival tag (PSAT) technology that records depth, temperature, and light-level data has expanded the understanding of free-swimming behavior for numerous pelagic animals. Astronomical algorithms using these light-level data have allowed geolocation estimates of daily longitude and latitude. However, many pelagic animals have a crepuscular behavior pattern in which individuals are at depths below the photic layer during the day, thus precluding the use of traditional light-based movement algorithms for geolocation in such species as swordfish. A principal component analysis (PCA) of temperature profiles is described herein that utilizes depth and temperature data rather than light to estimate the horizontal movement between the initial location of tag release and transmission. PSAT data from swordfish (n=4), blue marlin (n=14), white marlin (n=2), and black marlin (n=1) were used to generate daily coordinate estimates. The marlin data provided sufficient light information to derive geolocation estimates using two light-based state space models, while the hydrographic PCA model was used to derive comparison estimates. Comparisons of the two model types show an average root mean square difference of 175.4 km demonstrating that the PCA model can be used to extract the movement of tagged swordfish and other pelagic species demonstrating crepuscular behavior. Integration of this PCA-based geolocation methods with both the best available estimates of the ocean temperature at the time of tag deployment and the existing light-based geolocation models would provide additional information on fine-scale movement of tagged fish.

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Lisovski, Simeon, Heiko Schmaljohann, Eli S. Bridge, Silke Bauer, Andrew Farnsworth, Sidney A. Gauthreaux, Steffen Hahn, et al. "Inherent limits of light-level geolocation may lead to over-interpretation." Current Biology 28, no. 3 (February 2018): R99—R100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.11.072.

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Lanctot, Richard B., Stephen Yezerinac, Joaquin Aldabe, Juliana Bosi de Almeida, Gabriel Castresana, Stephen Brown, Pablo Rocca, Sarah T. Saalfeld, and James W. Fox. "Light-level geolocation reveals migration patterns of the Buﬀ-breasted Sandpiper." Wader Study 123, no. 1 (April 2016): 29–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18194/ws.00032.

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Bridge, Eli S., Jeffrey F. Kelly, Andrea Contina, Richard M. Gabrielson, Robert B. MacCurdy, and David W. Winkler. "Advances in tracking small migratory birds: a technical review of light-level geolocation." Journal of Field Ornithology 84, no. 2 (May 27, 2013): 121–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12011.

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Teo, SLH, A. Boustany, S. Blackwell, A. Walli, KC Weng, and BA Block. "Validation of geolocation estimates based on light level and sea surface temperature from electronic tags." Marine Ecology Progress Series 283 (2004): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps283081.

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Schaefer, Kurt M., and Daniel W. Fuller. "Comparative Performance of Current-generation Geolocating Archival Tags." Marine Technology Society Journal 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533206787353673.

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The performances of the current-generation Lotek Wireless LTD2310 and the Wildlife Computers Mk9 geolocating archival tags were compared. The depth, temperature, and light level sensors of 15 LTD 2310 and 15 Mk9 archival tags were evaluated through hydrocasts of these, along with a calibrated Sea-Bird SBE39 temperature and depth probe, to nearly 500 m. Three experiments were conducted; each included five archival tags of each type simultaneously deployed in hydrocasts, along with the SBE39 probe. In all three experiments, the average differences between depth sensors on the Mk9 archival tags and the SBE39 were significantly greater than those between the LTD2310 archival tags and the probe depths for the hydrocast stops at about 500 m, 300 m, and 200 m. The standard errors about the average depth values for those hydrocast stops in Experiments 1 and 2, were greater for the LTD2310 tags, but for Experiment 3 the standard errors were greater for the Mk9 tags. The average differences between the LTD2310 and Mk9 archival tag temperatures measured by their stalk sensors and the SBE39 probe temperatures were similar in all three experiments over a temperature range of from about 9° to 27° C. The standard errors about the average temperature values were similar in all three experiments. The temperatures recorded by the Mk9 archival tag body temperature sensors lagged significantly, while those of the LTD2310 sensors were close to the temperatures recorded by the SBE39 probe during descents and ascents. The standard errors about the average tag body temperature values in all three experiments are greater for the Mk9 tags. Following the stabilization of light sensors at maximum depths (about 500 m) and darkness, during the three hydrocast ascents the 15 LTD2310 and 15 Mk9 archival tag light sensors indicated an average sensitivity to light at 440 m and 380 m, respectively. Two separate experiments conducted with archival tags implanted in the peritoneal cavity of tunas provided estimates of the accuracy and precision of geolocation based on ambient light level data. The computed distances between the average estimated geolocations, from three LTD2310 and three Mk9 archival tags recovered from captive yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares, to the tank location (7°25'N-80°10'W) were 43.7 nm and 32.1 nm, respectively. The computed distances between the average estimated geolocations, from 13 LTD2310 and 15 Mk9 archival tags from bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus, released and recovered in association with a moored buoy, to the actual buoy location (1°59'S-95°11'W) were 118.5 nm (1.975 dd) and 162.8 nm (2.713 dd), respectively.

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Seavy, Nathaniel E., Diana L. Humple, Renée L. Cormier, and Thomas Gardali. "Establishing the Breeding Provenance of a Temperate-Wintering North American Passerine, the Golden-Crowned Sparrow, Using Light-Level Geolocation." PLoS ONE 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2012): e34886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034886.

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Cooper, Nathan W., Michael T. Hallworth, and Peter P. Marra. "Light-level geolocation reveals wintering distribution, migration routes, and primary stopover locations of an endangered long-distance migratory songbird." Journal of Avian Biology 48, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.01096.

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Stokesbury, Michael JW, Steven LH Teo, Andrew Seitz, Ronald K. O'Dor, and Barbara A. Block. "Movement of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) as determined by satellite tagging experiments initiated off New England." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61, no. 10 (October 1, 2004): 1976–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f04-130.

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Pop-up satellite archival tags were attached to 35 Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) off the New England coast of the United States of America in 1998, 2000, and 2001. The tags provided information on the horizontal and vertical movements and environmental preferences of bluefin tuna. Fish showed movement patterns that can be categorized by age and season. Mature individuals were linked to the Gulf of Mexico breeding grounds based on light level longitude and sea surface temperature latitude estimates of geolocation and a radiosatellite endpoint position. A track based on geolocation indicated that a single individual moved from the tagging release location to the Gulf of Mexico and back to New England waters. Tag-generated water column profiles of depth versus temperature were consistent with fish movement along the shelf and into the Gulf of Mexico. Adolescent fish moved from the New England offshore feeding locations to winter aggregations in the coastal shelf and slope waters of North and South Carolina. Bluefin tuna showed a preference for ambient temperatures that ranged from 14 to 26 °C in autumn and from 18 to 24 °C in winter.

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Suresha, Pradyumna Byappanahalli, Chaitra Hegde, Zifan Jiang, and Gari D. Clifford. "An Edge Computing and Ambient Data Capture System for Clinical and Home Environments." Sensors 22, no. 7 (March 25, 2022): 2511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072511.

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The non-contact patient monitoring paradigm moves patient care into their homes and enables long-term patient studies. The challenge, however, is to make the system non-intrusive, privacy-preserving, and low-cost. To this end, we describe an open-source edge computing and ambient data capture system, developed using low-cost and readily available hardware. We describe five applications of our ambient data capture system. Namely: (1) Estimating occupancy and human activity phenotyping; (2) Medical equipment alarm classification; (3) Geolocation of humans in a built environment; (4) Ambient light logging; and (5) Ambient temperature and humidity logging. We obtained an accuracy of 94% for estimating occupancy from video. We stress-tested the alarm note classification in the absence and presence of speech and obtained micro averaged F1 scores of 0.98 and 0.93, respectively. The geolocation tracking provided a room-level accuracy of 98.7%. The root mean square error in the temperature sensor validation task was 0.3°C and for the humidity sensor, it was 1% Relative Humidity. The low-cost edge computing system presented here demonstrated the ability to capture and analyze a wide range of activities in a privacy-preserving manner in clinical and home environments and is able to provide key insights into the healthcare practices and patient behaviors.

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Whelan, Shannon, Scott A. Hatch, David B. Irons, Alyson McKnight, and Kyle H. Elliott. "Increased summer food supply decreases non-breeding movement in black-legged kittiwakes." Biology Letters 16, no. 1 (January 2020): 20190725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2019.0725.

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Individual condition at one stage of the annual cycle is expected to influence behaviour during subsequent stages, yet experimental evidence of food-mediated carry-over effects is scarce. We used a food supplementation experiment to test the effects of food supply during the breeding season on migration phenology and non-breeding behaviour. We provided an unlimited supply of fish to black-legged kittiwakes ( Rissa tridactyla ) during their breeding season on Middleton Island, Alaska, monitored reproductive phenology and breeding success, and used light-level geolocation to observe non-breeding behaviour. Among successful breeders, fed kittiwakes departed the colony earlier than unfed controls. Fed kittiwakes travelled less than controls during the breeding season, contracting their non-breeding range. Our results demonstrate that food supply during the breeding season affects non-breeding phenology, movement and distribution, providing a potential behavioural mechanism underlying observed survival costs of reproduction.

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Kazimierski, Laila D., Jorge P. Rodríguez, and Víctor M. Eguíluz. "Design of Deployment Strategies to Monitor the Movement of Animals with Passive Electronic Devices." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020326.

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Current animal monitoring systems have improved our knowledge of quantitative animal ecology. There are many electronic tracking technologies such as VHF/UHF telemetry, light-level geolocation, ARGOS satellite telemetry and GPS tracking. To reach the desired level of information retrieval requires the planning of adequate equipment effort and coverage, which depends on the properties of the system. We propose an equipment arrangement model consisting of a given number of receiver stations in a two-dimensional space in which the animals move according to a central place movement model. The objective is to characterize how the transmission of tracking data depends on the movement of the animals and the design of the equipment deployment: quantity and location of the receiver stations and their associated reception radius. We also implement the model using real trajectories of southern elephant seals and Australian sea lions publicly available online and tracked during the years 2010–2012. We characterize the data transmission based on different equipment configurations and we obtained analogous results to the theoretical model.

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Ueberham, Maximilian, Florian Schmidt, and Uwe Schlink. "Advanced Smartphone-Based Sensing with Open-Source Task Automation." Sensors 18, no. 8 (July 29, 2018): 2456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18082456.

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Smartphone-based sensing is becoming a convenient way to collect data in science, especially in environmental research. Recent studies that use smartphone sensing methods focus predominantly on single sensors that provide quantitative measurements. However, interdisciplinary projects call for study designs that connect both, quantitative and qualitative data gathered by smartphone sensors. Therefore, we present a novel open-source task automation solution and its evaluation in a personal exposure study with cyclists. We designed an automation script that advances the sensing process with regard to data collection, management and storage of acoustic noise, geolocation, light level, timestamp, and qualitative user perception. The benefits of this approach are highlighted based on data visualization and user handling evaluation. Even though the automation script is limited by the technical features of the smartphone and the quality of the sensor data, we conclude that task automation is a reliable and smart solution to integrate passive and active smartphone sensing methods that involve data processing and transfer. Such an application is a smart tool gathering data in population studies.

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Moon, Young-Min, Kwanmok Kim, Jinhan Kim, Hwajung Kim, and Jeong-Chil Yoo. "Use of stable isotopes (δ2H, δ13C and δ15N) to infer the migratory connectivity of Terek Sandpipers (Xenus cinereus) at stopover sites in the East Asian–Australasian Flyway." Avian Biology Research 13, no. 1-2 (February 2, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758155919901243.

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Stable isotopes are well documented as effective intrinsic markers to infer migratory connectivity which provides key information for establishing an effective conservation strategy in migratory birds. However, there are few studies using stable isotopes that have been applied to long-distance migratory shorebirds globally and such studies are especially scarce along the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. We used stable isotope analysis (δ2H, δ13C and δ15N) to infer breeding and wintering areas and examine the differences in those values among populations of Terek Sandpipers ( Xenus cinereus) at stopover sites in South Korea. The range of δ2H in feathers sampled from birds caught in the Korean peninsula at spring and autumn migration stopover sites was consistent with them being grown at sites throughout their flyway as confirmed by leg flag resightings of birds on this flyway. The eastern Siberia region from Yakutsk to Norilsk and Chukotka in Russia was inferred as the most probable breeding area of the population. Papua New Guinea in the Melanesia region, Malaysia and Indonesia were identified as the most probable wintering areas. Isotope values of populations at different stopover sites and different seasons were consistent. These results suggest that stable isotopes can be effectively used alongside other existing methods (e.g. ringing, coloured leg flags, light level geolocation, satellite tag telemetry) to infer the migratory connectivity for long-distance migratory shorebird species that occur over many countries and continents.

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Ludewig, Antje, Quintus Kleipool, Rolf Bartstra, Robin Landzaat, Jonatan Leloux, Erwin Loots, Peter Meijering, et al. "In-flight calibration results of the TROPOMI payload on board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): 3561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-3561-2020.

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Abstract. After the launch of the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite on 13 October 2017, its single payload, the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI), was commissioned for 6 months. In this time the instrument was tested and calibrated extensively. During this phase the geolocation calibration was validated using a dedicated measurement zoom mode. With the help of spacecraft manoeuvres the solar angle dependence of the irradiance radiometry was calibrated for both internal diffusers. This improved the results that were obtained on the ground significantly. Furthermore the orbital and long-term stability was tested for electronic gains, offsets, non-linearity, the dark current and the output of the internal light sources. The CCD output gain of the UV, UVIS and NIR detectors shows drifts over time which can be corrected in the Level 1b (L1b) processor. In-flight measurements also revealed inconsistencies in the radiometric calibration and degradation of the UV spectrometer. Degradation was also detected for the internal solar diffusers. Since the start of the nominal operations (E2) phase in orbit 2818 on 30 April 2018, regularly scheduled calibration measurements on the eclipse side of the orbit are used for monitoring and updates to calibration key data. This article reports on the main results of the commissioning phase, the in-flight calibration and the instrument's stability since launch. Insights from commissioning and in-flight monitoring have led to updates to the L1b processor and its calibration key data. The updated processor is planned to be used for nominal processing from late 2020 on.

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Chen, Mingjian, Weichang Yuan, Chang Cao, Colby Buehler, Drew R. Gentner, and Xuhui Lee. "Development and Performance Evaluation of a Low-Cost Portable PM2.5 Monitor for Mobile Deployment." Sensors 22, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 2767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22072767.

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The concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is known to vary spatially across a city landscape. Current networks of regulatory air quality monitoring are too sparse to capture these intra-city variations. In this study, we developed a low-cost (60 USD) portable PM2.5 monitor called Smart-P, for use on bicycles, with the goal of mapping street-level variations in PM2.5 concentration. The Smart-P is compact in size (85 × 85 × 42 mm) and light in weight (147 g). Data communication and geolocation are achieved with the cyclist’s smartphone with the help of a user-friendly app. Good agreement was observed between the Smart-P monitors and a regulatory-grade monitor (mean bias error: −3.0 to 1.5 μg m−3 for the four monitors tested) in ambient conditions with relative humidity ranging from 38 to 100%. Monitor performance decreased in humidity > 70% condition. The measurement precision, represented as coefficient of variation, was 6 to 9% in stationary mode and 6% in biking mode across the four tested monitors. Street tests in a city with low background PM2.5 concentrations (8 to 9 μg m−3) and in two cities with high background concentrations (41 to 74 μg m−3) showed that the Smart-P was capable of observing local emission hotspots and that its measurement was not sensitive to bicycle speed. The low-cost and user-friendly nature are two features that make the Smart-P a good choice for empowering citizen scientists to participate in local air quality monitoring.

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Lisovski, Simeon, Silke Bauer, Martins Briedis, Sarah C. Davidson, Kiran L. Dhanjal‐Adams, Michael T. Hallworth, Julia Karagicheva, et al. "Light‐level geolocator analyses: A user's guide." Journal of Animal Ecology 89, no. 1 (June 25, 2019): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.13036.

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Hoolihan, John P., Jiangang Luo, Derke Snodgrass, Eric S. Orbesen, Ann M. Barse, and Eric D. Prince. "Vertical and horizontal habitat use by white marlin Kajikia albida (Poey, 1860) in the western North Atlantic Ocean." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 8 (May 5, 2015): 2364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv082.

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Abstract Pop-up satellite archival tags were deployed on 40 white marlin Kajika albida (synonym: Tetrapturus albidus) off the coasts of Maryland and North Carolina (United States), and the island nation of Aruba in the Caribbean. Useful data were available for analysing vertical and horizontal habitat use from 28 individuals. Time at liberty ranged from 10 to 181 d (mean 115, SD 53.3). Seasonal southerly fall migration routes were documented for fish released off the northeastern United States, while those released off Aruba remained in the Caribbean basin. Horizontal movements ranged from 228 to 8084 km (19–100 km d−1) based on light-level geolocation estimates using a sea surface temperature and bathymetry-corrected Kalman filter. Analyses included an evaluation of vertical movements using ΔT, the time spent at temperature relative to the uniform temperature surface layer. Movements included exploration of depths as great as 387 m and ambient temperatures as low as 7.8°C. However, the greatest proportion of time was spent in the upper 20 m of the water column for both day (50.8%) and night (81.6%), and time spent in water colder than 7°C below the uniform temperature surface layer was negligible. Overall, this group showed less variability in vertical movement, and less tolerance to colder temperatures compared with similar studies for blue marlin Makaira nigricans and sailfish Istiophorus platypterus. Values for ΔT are presented in tabular format to allow direct input into habitat standardization models used to estimate vertical distribution and population abundance. The large spatial dispersion and disparate tracks illustrated in the present study serve to underscore the complexity of white marlin behaviour and habitat use, and further emphasize the many challenges facing the management and conservation of this overexploited species.

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Pancerasa, Mattia, Matteo Sangiorgio, Roberto Ambrosini, Nicola Saino, David W. Winkler, and Renato Casagrandi. "Reconstruction of long-distance bird migration routes using advanced machine learning techniques on geolocator data." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 155 (June 2019): 20190031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0031.

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Geolocators are a well-established technology to reconstruct migration routes of animals that are too small to carry satellite tags (e.g. passerine birds). These devices record environmental light-level data that enable the reconstruction of daily positions from the time of twilight. However, all current methods for analysing geolocator data require manual pre-processing of raw records to eliminate twilight events showing unnatural variation in light levels, a step that is time-consuming and must be accomplished by a trained expert. Here, we propose and implement advanced machine learning techniques to automate this procedure and we apply them to 108 migration tracks of barn swallows ( Hirundo rustica ). We show that routes reconstructed from the automated pre-processing are comparable to those obtained from manual selection accomplished by a human expert. This raises the possibility of fully automating light-level geolocator data analysis and possibly analysing the large amount of data already collected on several species.

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Gow, Elizabeth A., Lauren Burke, David W. Winkler, Samantha M. Knight, David W. Bradley, Robert G. Clark, Marc Bélisle, et al. "A range-wide domino effect and resetting of the annual cycle in a migratory songbird." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1894 (January 9, 2019): 20181916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1916.

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Latitudinal differences in timing of breeding are well documented but how such differences carry over to influence timing of events in the annual cycle of migratory birds is not well understood. We examined geographical variation in timing of events throughout the year using light-level geolocator tracking data from 133 migratory tree swallows ( Tachycineta bicolor ) originating from 12 North American breeding populations. A swallow's breeding latitude influenced timing of breeding, which then carried over to affect breeding ground departure. This resulted in subsequent effects on the arrival and departure schedules at autumn stopover locations and timing of arrival at non-breeding locations. This ‘domino effect’ between timing events was no longer apparent by the time individuals departed for spring migration. Our range-wide analysis demonstrates the lasting impact breeding latitude can have on migration schedules but also highlights how such timing relationships can reset when individuals reside at non-breeding sites for extended periods of time.

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Hipfner, J. Mark, Marie M. Prill, Katharine R. Studholme, Alice D. Domalik, Strahan Tucker, Catherine Jardine, Mark Maftei, et al. "Geolocator tagging links distributions in the non-breeding season to population genetic structure in a sentinel North Pacific seabird." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): e0240056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240056.

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We tested the hypothesis that segregation in wintering areas is associated with population differentiation in a sentinel North Pacific seabird, the rhinoceros auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata). We collected tissue samples for genetic analyses on five breeding colonies in the western Pacific Ocean (Japan) and on 13 colonies in the eastern Pacific Ocean (California to Alaska), and deployed light-level geolocator tags on 12 eastern Pacific colonies to delineate wintering areas. Geolocator tags were deployed previously on one colony in Japan. There was strong genetic differentiation between populations in the eastern vs. western Pacific Ocean, likely due to two factors. First, glaciation over the North Pacific in the late Pleistocene might have forced a southward range shift that historically isolated the eastern and western populations. And second, deep-ocean habitat along the northern continental shelf appears to act as a barrier to movement; abundant on both sides of the North Pacific, the rhinoceros auklet is virtually absent as a breeder in the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, and no tagged birds crossed the North Pacific in the non-breeding season. While genetic differentiation was strongest between the eastern vs. western Pacific, there was also extensive differentiation within both regional groups. In pairwise comparisons among the eastern Pacific colonies, the standardized measure of genetic differentiation (FꞌST) was negatively correlated with the extent of spatial overlap in wintering areas. That result supports the hypothesis that segregation in the non-breeding season is linked to genetic structure. Philopatry and a neritic foraging habit probably also contribute to the structuring. Widely distributed, vulnerable to anthropogenic stressors, and exhibiting extensive genetic structure, the rhinoceros auklet is fully indicative of the scope of the conservation challenges posed by seabirds.

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Patchett, Robert, Alexander N. G. Kirschel, Joanna Robins King, Patrick Styles, and Will Cresswell. "Age-related changes in migratory behaviour within the first annual cycle of a passerine bird." PLOS ONE 17, no. 10 (October 19, 2022): e0273686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273686.

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First time migrants (juveniles hereafter) of many species migrate without specific knowledge of non-breeding locations, but experience may aid adults in timing and route decisions because they can migrate more efficiently to their previous non-breeding sites. Consequently, we expect a transition to more efficient migratory behaviour with age, but when and how this happens is little known. We used light-level geolocator data from Cyprus wheatears Oenanthe cypriaca to compare migration timing and route directness between juveniles and adults, and repeatability of their timing and non-breeding locations. We predicted that juveniles would depart and arrive later than adults for both autumn and spring migration; that duration of migration would be greater for juveniles; that routes taken by juveniles would be less direct than those for adults; and that autumn and spring departure timing, and non-breeding locations, would be more repeatable for adults between two years than for juveniles between their first and subsequent migration. We found that juveniles departed significantly later than adults in autumn but there was no difference in arrival timing, and although spring departure timings did not differ, juveniles arrived on the breeding grounds later than adults. Nevertheless, we found no significant age-related difference in the duration of migration in autumn or spring. Yet, juvenile migrations were less direct than those of adults in autumn, but not spring. We found evidence that spring departure timing and non-breeding locations were repeatable for adults but not juveniles. Our findings show that age-related changes in migratory behaviour begin to occur during the first annual cycle demonstrating the potential for early adaptation to environmental variability within an individual’s life.

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Lisovski, Simeon. "Light-level geolocation in polar regions with 24-hour daylight." Wader Study 125, no. 2 (August 29, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18194/ws.00109.

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Werfeli, Mike, Peter Ranacher, and Felix Liechti. "Gone with the wind: Inferring bird migration with light‐level geolocation, wind and activity measurements." Methods in Ecology and Evolution, March 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13837.

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Huang, Xiao, Yanyan Zhao, and Yang Liu. "Using light-level geolocations to monitor incubation behaviour of a cavity-nesting bird Apus apus pekinensis." Avian Research 12, no. 1 (March 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00245-w.

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AbstractThe Beijing Swift (Apus apus pekinensis) is a typical cavity-nesting bird that often nests inside holes and crevices in old architectures. Direct observation of their breeding behaviour is challenging and their breeding ecology is thus poorly studied. In this study, we analysed light-level geolocation data collected from six Beijing Swifts for the first time. Our results showed that geolocators can make comprehensive inference of their incubation period and behaviour. As a cost-effective and non-invasive method, geolocators can not only facilitate discovering migration routes, but also can be widely applied in the study of avian reproductive behaviour, especially in cavity-nesting bird species. We further discussed the characteristics and merits of this method and compared with other conventional nest-monitoring methods in recording birds.

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Briedis, Martins, Václav Beran, Peter Adamík, and Steffen Hahn. "Integrating light‐level geolocation with activity tracking reveals unexpected nocturnal migration patterns of the tawny pipit." Journal of Avian Biology 51, no. 9 (September 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.02546.

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Schaefer, Anne L., Kristen B. Gorman, and Mary Anne Bishop. "Light-level geolocation reveals the short-distance non-breeding movements and distribution of tufted puffins throughout the Northeast Pacific Ocean." Frontiers in Marine Science 9 (September 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2022.999461.

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Comprehensive assessments of cumulative impacts to seabirds have been hindered by an incomplete understanding of temporal and spatial patterns in marine habitat use, particularly during the non-breeding season when seabirds can range widely across the global ocean. Alcids are an important component of the meso-predator biodiversity of the North Pacific Ocean, yet the non-breeding movement ecology and distribution for many of the Pacific Auk species remain poorly quantified. Recent and projected declines for historically robust populations of tufted puffin (Fratercula cirrhata) in Alaska highlight the importance of resolving aspects of the species’ non-breeding ecology, especially the pelagic phenology and distribution. We used light-level geolocation to quantify the annual at-sea distribution of tufted puffins between a major Gulf of Alaska nesting colony (Middleton Island) and heretofore unknown migration routes and wintering areas. Geolocator data from 42 complete migration routes of reproductive adult tufted puffins collected primarily between 2018-2020 revealed that both males and females were short-distance migrants, wintering on average 616 km from their breeding colony. Tufted puffins departed the breeding grounds in early September. Males made fewer stops and arrived earlier to wintering areas than females, however the arrival date to the wintering area was later in 2019 compared to 2018. Males took 30.5 ± 16.7 (± standard deviation) days in 2018 and 30.8 ± 24.6 days in 2019 to arrive at wintering areas. Conversely, females took 36.1 ± 16.8 days in 2018 and 59.8 ± 17.3 days in 2019 to arrive at wintering areas. Adult tufted puffins wintered primarily in the deep offshore waters of the eastern Gulf of Alaska and partially in the adjacent Northeast Pacific Ocean over a period of 151.9 days ± 31.6 with spring migrations starting by late March. Males and females showed consistent spatial distributions within seasons, especially during winter. Tufted puffins shifted southwards throughout the non-breeding season, similar to other Atlantic and Northeast Pacific alcids. Our study provides important information on the at-sea non-breeding phenology and distribution of tufted puffins, which can inform risk assessments for the species including vulnerability to spatially and temporally explicit marine pollution, disease, fisheries by-catch, and ocean-climate variability.

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Heim, Wieland, Aleksey Antonov, Ilka Beermann, Simeon Lisovski, Martha Maria Sander, and Steffen Hahn. "Light-Level Geolocation Reveals Unexpected Migration Route from Russia to the Philippines of a Blue-And-White-Flycatcher Cyanoptila cyanomelana." Ornithological Science 21, no. 1 (February 2, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2326/osj.21.121.

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Tonra, Christopher M., Michael T. Hallworth, Than J. Boves, Jessie Reese, Lesley P. Bulluck, Matthew Johnson, Cathy Viverette, et al. "Concentration of a widespread breeding population in a few critically important nonbreeding areas: Migratory connectivity in the Prothonotary Warbler." Condor 121, no. 2 (May 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/duz019.

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Abstract One of the greatest challenges to informed conservation of migratory animals is elucidating spatiotemporal variation in distributions. Without such information, it is impossible to understand full-annual-cycle ecology and effectively implement conservation actions that address where and when populations are most limited. We deployed and recovered light-level geolocators (n = 34) at 6 breeding sites in North America across the breeding range of a declining long-distance migratory bird, the Prothonotary Warbler (Protonotaria citrea). We sought to determine migratory routes, stopover location and duration, and the location of overwintering grounds. We found that the species exhibits a large-scale, east‒west split in migratory routes and weak migratory connectivity across its range. Specifically, almost all individuals, regardless of breeding origin, overlapped in their estimated wintering location in northern Colombia, in an area 20% the size of the breeding range. Additionally, most of the individuals across all breeding locations concentrated in well-defined stopover locations in Central America while en route to Colombia. Although error inherent in light-level geolocation cannot be fully ruled out, surprisingly much of the estimated wintering area included inland areas even though the Prothonotary Warbler is considered a specialist on coastal mangroves in winter. Based on these results, conservation efforts directed at very specific nonbreeding geographical areas will potentially have benefits across most of the breeding population. Our findings highlight the importance of using modern technologies to validate assumptions about little-studied portions of a species’ annual cycle, and the need to distribute sampling across its range.

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Jiguet, Frédéric, Malcolm Burgess, Kasper Thorup, Greg Conway, José Luis Arroyo Matos, Lee Barber, John Black, et al. "Desert crossing strategies of migrant songbirds vary between and within species." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (December 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56677-4.

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AbstractEach year, billions of songbirds cross large ecological barriers during their migration. Understanding how they perform this incredible task is crucial to predict how global change may threaten the safety of such journeys. Earlier studies based on radar suggested that most songbirds cross deserts in intermittent flights at high altitude, stopping in the desert during the day, while recent tracking with light loggers suggested diurnal prolongation of nocturnal flights and common non-stop flights for some species. We analyzed light intensity and temperature data obtained from geolocation loggers deployed on 130 individuals of ten migratory songbird species, and show that a large variety of strategies for crossing deserts exists between, but also sometimes within species. Diurnal stopover in the desert is a common strategy in autumn, while most species prolonged some nocturnal flights into the day. Non-stop flights over the desert occurred more frequently in spring than in autumn, and more frequently in foliage gleaners. Temperature recordings suggest that songbirds crossed deserts with flight bouts performed at various altitudes according to species and season, along a gradient ranging from low above ground in autumn to probably >2000 m above ground level, and possibly at higher altitude in spring. High-altitude flights are therefore not the general rule for crossing deserts in migrant songbirds. We conclude that a diversity of migration strategies exists for desert crossing among songbirds, with variations between but also within species.

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Skubel, Rachel A., Kenady Wilson, Yannis P. Papastamatiou, Hannah J. Verkamp, James A. Sulikowski, Daniel Benetti, and Neil Hammerschlag. "A scalable, satellite-transmitted data product for monitoring high-activity events in mobile aquatic animals." Animal Biotelemetry 8, no. 1 (November 22, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40317-020-00220-0.

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AbstractA growing number of studies are using accelerometers to examine activity level patterns in aquatic animals. However, given the amount of data generated from accelerometers, most of these studies use loggers that archive acceleration data, thus requiring physical recovery of the loggers or acoustic transmission from within a receiver array to obtain the data. These limitations have restricted the duration of tracking (ranging from hours to days) and/or type of species studied (e.g., relatively sessile species or those returning to predictable areas). To address these logistical challenges, we present and test a satellite-transmitted metric for the remote monitoring of changes in activity, measured via a pop-off satellite archival tag (PSAT) with an integrated accelerometer. Along with depth, temperature, and irradiance for geolocation, the PSAT transmits activity data as a time-series (ATS) with a user-programmable resolution. ATS is a count of high-activity events, relative to overall activity/mobility during a summary period. An algorithm is used to identify the high-activity events from accelerometer data and reports the data as a count per time-series interval. Summary statistics describing the data used to identify high-activity events accompany the activity time-series. In this study, we first tested the ATS activity metric through simulating PSAT output from accelerometer data logger archives, comparing ATS to vectorial dynamic body acceleration. Next, we deployed PSATs with ATS under captive conditions with cobia (Rachycentron canadum). Lastly, we deployed seven pop-off satellite archival tags (PSATs) able to collect and transmit ATS in the wild on adult sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus). In the captive trials, we identified both resting and non-resting behavior for species and used logistic regression to compare ATS values with observed activity levels. In captive cobia, ATS was a significant predictor of observed activity levels. For 30-day wild deployments on sandbar sharks, satellites received 57.4–73.2% of the transmitted activity data. Of these ATS datapoints, between 21.9 and 41.2% of records had a concurrent set of temperature, depth, and light measurements. These results suggest that ATS is a practical metric for remotely monitoring and transmitting relative high-activity data in large-bodied aquatic species with variable activity levels, under changing environmental conditions, and across broad spatiotemporal scales.

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Abarenkov, Kessy, Allan Zirk, Kadri Põldmaa, Timo Piirmann, Raivo Pöhönen, Filipp Ivanov, Kristjan Adojaan, and Urmas Kõljalg. "Third-party Annotations: Linking PlutoF platform and the ELIXIR Contextual Data ClearingHouse for the reporting of source material annotation gaps and inaccuracies." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5 (September 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74249.

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Third-party annotations are a valuable resource to improve the quality of public DNA sequences. For example, sequences in International Nucleotide Sequence Databases Collaboration (INSDC) often lack important features like taxon interactions, species level identification, information associated with habitat, locality, country, coordinates, etc. Therefore, initiatives to mine additional information from publications and link to the public DNA sequences have become common practice (e.g. Tedersoo et al. 2011, Nilsson et al. 2014, Groom et al. 2021). However, third-party annotations have their own specific challenges. For example, annotations can be inaccurate and therefore must be open for permanent data management. Further, every DNA sequence (except sequences from type material) can carry different species names, which must be databased as equal scientific hypotheses. PlutoF platform provides such data management services for third-party annotations. PlutoF is an online data management platform and computing service provider for biology and related disciplines. Registered users can enter and manage a wide range of data, e.g., taxon occurrences, metabarcoding data, taxon classifications, traits, and lab data. It also features an annotation module where third-party annotations (on material source, geolocation and habitat, taxonomic identifications, interacting taxa, etc.) can be added to any collection specimen, living culture or DNA sequence record. The UNITE Community is using these services to annotate and improve the quality of INSDC rDNA Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence datasets. The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is linking its ITS sequences with their annotations in PlutoF. However, there is still missing an automated solution for linking annotations in PlutoF with any sequence and sample record stored in INSDC databases. One of the ambitions of the BiCIKL Project is to solve this through operating the ELIXIR Contextual Data ClearingHouse (CDCH). CDCH offers a light and simple RESTful Application Programming Interface (API) to enable extension, correction and improvement of publicly available annotations on sample and sequence records available in ELIXIR data resources. It facilitates feeding improved or corrected annotations from databases (such as secondary databases, e.g., PlutoF, which consume and curate data from repositories) back to primary repositories (databases of the three INSDC collaborative partners). In the Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCIKL) Project, the University of Tartu Natural History Museum is leading the task of linking the two components—the web interface provided by the PlutoF platform and CDCH APIs—to allow user-friendly and effortless reporting of errors and gaps in sequenced material source annotations. The API and web interface will be promoted to those communities (such as taxonomists, those abstracting from the literature, and those already using the community curated data) with the appropriate knowledge and tools who will be encouraged to report their enhanced annotations back to primary repositories.

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MacCallum, Beth, Alice Paquet, Lisa Bate, Chris Hammond, Kristina Smucker, Lucas Savoy, Susan Patla, and W. Sean Boyd. "Migratory Connectivity and Nesting Behavior in Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) Based on Light-Level Geolocator Data." Waterbirds 44, no. 3 (April 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1675/063.044.0308.

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Dupuis, B., F. Amélineau, A. Tarroux, O. Bjørnstad, VS Bråthen, J. Danielsen, S. Descamps, et al. "Light-level geolocators reveal spatial variations in interactions between northern fulmars and fisheries." Marine Ecology Progress Series SEA (May 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13673.

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Seabird-fishery interactions are a common phenomenon of conservation concern. Here, we highlight how light-level geolocators provide promising opportunities to study these interactions. By examining raw light data, it is possible to detect encounters with artificial lights at night, while conductivity data give insight on seabird behaviour during encounters. We used geolocator data from 336 northern fulmars Fulmarus glacialis tracked from 12 colonies in the North-East Atlantic and Barents Sea during the non-breeding season to (1) confirm that detections of artificial lights correspond to encounters with fishing vessels by comparing overlap between fishing effort and both the position of detections and the activity of birds during encounters, (2) assess spatial differences in the number of encounters among wintering areas and (3) test whether some individuals forage around fishing vessels more often than others. Most (88.1%) of the tracks encountered artificial light at least once, with 9.5 ± 0.4 (SE) detections on average per 6 mo non-breeding season. Encounters occurred more frequently where fishing effort was high, and birds from some colonies had higher probabilities of encountering lights at night. During encounters, fulmars spent more time foraging and less time resting, strongly suggesting that artificial lights reflect the activity of birds around fishing vessels. Inter-individual variability in the probability of encountering light was high (range: 0-68 encounters per 6 mo non-breeding season), meaning that some individuals were more often associated with fishing vessels than others, independently of their colony of origin. Our study highlights the potential of geolocators to study seabird-fishery interactions at a large scale and a low cost.

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Halpin, Luke R., Jeremy D. Ross, Raül Ramos, Rowan Mott, Nicholas Carlile, Nick Golding, José Manuel Reyes‐González, et al. "Double‐tagging scores of seabirds reveals that light‐level geolocator accuracy is limited by species idiosyncrasies and equatorial solar profiles." Methods in Ecology and Evolution, August 30, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-210x.13698.

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O’Sullivan, John, Christopher G. Lowe, Oscar Sosa-Nishizaki, Salvador J. Jorgensen, James M. Anderson, Thomas J. Farrugia, Emiliano García-Rodríguez, et al. "A biologging database of juvenile white sharks from the northeast Pacific." Scientific Data 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41597-022-01235-3.

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AbstractSpecies occurrence records are vital data streams in marine conservation with a wide range of important applications. From 2001–2020, the Monterey Bay Aquarium led an international research collaboration to understand the life cycle, ecology, and behavior of white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) in the southern California Current. The collaboration was devoted to tagging juveniles with animal-borne sensors, also known as biologging. Here we report the full data records from 59 pop-up archival (PAT) and 20 smart position and temperature transmitting (SPOT) tags that variously recorded pressure, temperature, and light-level data, and computed depth and geolocations for 63 individuals. Whether transmitted or from recovered devices, raw data files from successful deployments (n = 70) were auto-ingested from the manufacturer into the United States (US) Animal Telemetry Network’s (ATN) Data Assembly Center (DAC). There they have attributed a full suite of metadata, visualized within their public-facing data portal, compiled for permanent archive under the DataONE Research Workspace member node, and are accessible for download from the ATN data portal.

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Bonnet-Lebrun, Anne-Sophie, Maria P. Dias, Richard A. Phillips, José P. Granadeiro, M. de L. Brooke, Olivier Chastel, Thomas A. Clay, et al. "Seabird Migration Strategies: Flight Budgets, Diel Activity Patterns, and Lunar Influence." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (October 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.683071.

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Every year, billions of birds undertake extensive migrations between breeding and non-breeding areas, facing challenges that require behavioural adjustments, particularly to flight timing and duration. Such adjustments in daily activity patterns and the influence of extrinsic factors (e.g., environmental conditions, moonlight) have received much more research attention in terrestrial than marine migrants. Taking advantage of the widespread deployment in recent decades of combined light-level geolocator-immersion loggers, we investigated diel organisation and influence of the moon on flight activities during the non-breeding season of 21 migrant seabird species from a wide taxonomic range (6 families, 3 orders). Migrant seabirds regularly stopped (to either feed or rest) during migration, unlike some terrestrial and wetland birds which fly non-stop. We found an overall increase for most seabird species in time in flight and, for several species, also in flight bout duration, during migration compared to when resident at the non-breeding grounds. Additionally, several nocturnal species spent more of the day in flight during migration than at non-breeding areas, and vice versa for diurnal species. Nocturnal time in flight tended to increase during full moon, both during migration and at the non-breeding grounds, depending on species. Our study provides an extensive overview of activity patterns of migrant seabirds, paving the way for further research on the underlying mechanisms and drivers.

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Korniluk, Michał, Paweł Białomyzy, Grzegorz Grygoruk, Tomasz Tumiel, Piotr Świętochowski, and Marcin Wereszczuk. "Citrine Wagtail migration on the Indo-European flyway: a first geolocator track reveals alternative migration route and endurance flights to cross ecological barriers." Avian Research 12, no. 1 (December 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40657-021-00305-1.

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AbstractMost long-distance migrating passerines that breed in Europe spend their winters in Africa, with only a few species migrating eastward to spend the non-breeding period in South Asia. The use of the Indo-European flyway is rare and has been poorly studied so far. However, it is extremely interesting as within that system we are currently witnessing a recent range expansion of European breeding long distance migrants and thus the lengthening of migration routes. It may therefore conceal a unique migratory strategies and behaviour that can help us to understand the underlying factors and mechanisms determining the evolution of migration routes, strategies and breeding range extinction. Based on light-level geolocator we reveal a first track of the Citrine Wagtail (Motacilla citreola) migration, providing insight into the migration pattern, timing and behaviour of the species that recently has extended its migration routes. Unexpectedly, the studied individual did not retrace a recent range expansion that runs north and east from the Caspian Sea but followed a migration route running south form the Caspian sea, suggesting possible presence of an alternative species range expansion. The overall migration distance between the breeding site in Poland and the non-breeding site in Pakistan was about 10,420 km and included two endurance movement phases (920 and 2240 km) covering 30% of the whole journey length, with an average movement speed of 574 km/day. We explain this migration behaviour as an adaptation for crossing the ecological barriers imposed by arid environments.

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Hunt, Anjolene R., Jesse L. Watson, Jason M. Winiarski, Ron R. Porter, and Julie A. Heath. "AMERICAN KESTREL MIGRATION: INSIGHTS AND CHALLENGES FROM TRACKING INDIVIDUALS ACROSS THE ANNUAL CYCLE." Journal of Raptor Research, January 16, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3356/jrr-22-05.

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ABSTRACT Natural variation in migratory strategies across the range of the American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) creates a unique opportunity for comparative research of annual cycles. However, it can be logistically and technically challenging to track such a small but highly mobile species. We tagged American Kestrels with light-level geolocators or satellite transmitters with the aim of estimating migration timing and connectivity, and we monitored a subset of satellite-tagged individuals during the breeding season to assess transmitter function and wear. We recovered geolocators from six of 49 (12%) tagged individuals. One geolocator-tagged individual migrated approximately 1235 km from its Idaho breeding grounds to New Mexico near the Arizona border for the winter and returned to Idaho the following spring. The other five recaptured individuals remained near (<200 km) the breeding grounds year-round. The low reliability of recovery and low precision of locations suggested major limitations of using geolocators to track this species. Most satellite transmitters (18 of 22, 82%) failed prior to migration, but one satellite-tagged individual migrated approximately 5945 km from Canada to Nicaragua, and three others transmitted ≥1 location during migration. Transmitters stopped functioning while on live individuals despite showing no visible damage and maintaining adequate battery levels. These results suggest further testing and development are needed before these recently developed tags are deployed again on American Kestrels. Both individuals with complete migration tracks showed evidence of short distance (250–350 km) post-breeding movements to southern stopover sites where they stayed 1–3 mo before migrating onward. Although sample sizes were small, migration patterns were consistent with latitudinal leap-frog patterns described in previous studies and revealed an interesting pattern of a prolonged post-breeding stopover before longer migration. Further, the migration track from Canada to Nicaragua represents the longest recorded migration path for this species.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Light-level geolocation'

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