Relevant bibliographies by topics / Light in sea-water

Academic literature on the topic 'Light in sea-water'

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Published: 26 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Light in sea-water"

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Meutia, Eva, Upik Nurbaiti, and Fianti Fianti. "PENGARUH RADIASI MATAHARI PADA AIR LAUT TERHADAP DAYA YANG DIHASILKAN SEBAGAI SUMBER ENERGI ALTERNATIF." EnviroScienteae 17, no. 1 (August 16, 2021): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v17i1.11350.

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Indonesia with a country that has a tropical climate and a very large intensity of solar radiation so that it can be developed into an alternative energy source by utilizing sea air. The purpose of this research is whether there is an effect of solar radiation on sea air on the power it produces as an alternative energy. Seawater as much as 300ml is put into a square glass container and paired with a series of Cu - Zn, Cu - Al, and Al - CuZn electrode plates with a cross-sectional area of 15cm2 of each electrode and connected to a red LED light to see how much power is generated by sea water after being exposed to solar radiation at different temperatures and times. Data obtained at the highest temperature of 33°C and the duration of exposure to solar radiation for 60 minutes in the 6th experiment with a variation of Cu - Zn electrodes with an electric power of 1,44 J/s, the lights are brightly lit, Cu - Al with electric power of 1,22 J/s of dim light, and Al - CuZn obtained electric power of 0,65 J/s. So it is concluded that the longer the sea water is exposed to solar radiation, the higher the temperature is due to the more heat stored in sea water. The conclusion was drawn that the higher the sea water temperature, the electric power produced, the higher the electric power generated and the lights can light up brightly at certain electrodes.
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Balasi, K. G., T. Domvoglou, I. Kiskiras, D. Lenis, N. Maragos, and G. Stavropoulos. "Deployment of an autonomous apparatus for measuring light scattering in deep sea." HNPS Proceedings 24 (April 1, 2019): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnps.1865.

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The KM3NeT research infrastructure will be a deep sea multidisciplinary observatory in the Mediterranean Sea housing a neutrino telescope. Accurate knowledge of the optical properties of the sea water is important for the best performance of the telescope. In this work we describe the deployment of the equipment that we had previously examined by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations1, in the context of the “scattering experiment” in order to evaluate the parameters describing the scattering characteristics of the sea water.
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TAKAHASHI, Kazunobu, Takanori YOSHINO, and Yoshihiko OHYAGI. "Photodegradation of tributyltin chloride in sea water by ultraviolet light." NIPPON KAGAKU KAISHI, no. 2 (1987): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/nikkashi.1987.181.

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Prelle, Lara R., and Ulf Karsten. "Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Growth of Five Benthic Diatom Strains as a Function of Intermixing Processes of Coastal Peatlands with the Baltic Sea." Microorganisms 10, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10040749.

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In light of climate change, renaturation of peatlands has become increasingly important, due to their function as carbon sinks. Renaturation processes in the Baltic Sea include removal of coastal protection measures thereby facilitating exchange processes between peatland and Baltic Sea water masses with inhabiting aquatic organisms, which suddenly face new environmental conditions. In this study, two Baltic Sea and three peatland benthic diatom strains were investigated for their ecophysiological response patterns as a function of numerous growth media, light, and temperature conditions. Results clearly showed growth stimulation for all five diatom strains when cultivated in peatland water-based media, with growth dependency on salinity for the Baltic Sea diatom isolates. Nutrient availability in the peatland water resulted in higher growth rates, and growth was further stimulated by the carbon-rich peatland water probably facilitating heterotrophic growth in Melosira nummuloides and two Planothidium sp. isolates. Photosynthesis parameters for all five diatom strains indicated low light requirements with light saturated photosynthesis at <70 µmol photons m−2 s−1 in combination with only minor photoinhibition as well as eurythermal traits with slightly higher temperature width for the peatland strains. Growth media composition did not affect photosynthetic rates.
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Castellani, Giulia, Gaëlle Veyssière, Michael Karcher, Julienne Stroeve, S. Neil Banas, A. Heather Bouman, S. Andrew Brierley, et al. "Shine a light: Under-ice light and its ecological implications in a changing Arctic Ocean." Ambio 51, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-021-01662-3.

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AbstractThe Arctic marine ecosystem is shaped by the seasonality of the solar cycle, spanning from 24-h light at the sea surface in summer to 24-h darkness in winter. The amount of light available for under-ice ecosystems is the result of different physical and biological processes that affect its path through atmosphere, snow, sea ice and water. In this article, we review the present state of knowledge of the abiotic (clouds, sea ice, snow, suspended matter) and biotic (sea ice algae and phytoplankton) controls on the underwater light field. We focus on how the available light affects the seasonal cycle of primary production (sympagic and pelagic) and discuss the sensitivity of ecosystems to changes in the light field based on model simulations. Lastly, we discuss predicted future changes in under-ice light as a consequence of climate change and their potential ecological implications, with the aim of providing a guide for future research.
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Chen, Yubin, Wenyu Zheng, Sebastián Murcia-López, Fei Lv, Joan Ramón Morante, Lionel Vayssieres, and Clemens Burda. "Light management in photoelectrochemical water splitting – from materials to device engineering." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 9, no. 11 (2021): 3726–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc06071b.

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Tiwari, T. N. "Attenuation of Visible Light in the Sea-water; Some Empirical Relations." Journal of Optics 14, no. 1 (March 1985): 44–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03549121.

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Levin, I. M., M. A. Rodionov, and O. N. Frantsuzov. "Submersible device for measuring the light-attenuation index of sea water." Journal of Optical Technology 78, no. 5 (May 31, 2011): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jot.78.000328.

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Luchinin, Alexander G. "Light pulse propagation along the path atmosphere–rough-surface–sea water." Applied Optics 49, no. 27 (September 17, 2010): 5059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.49.005059.

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Epps, Helen H. "Degradation of Swimwear Fabrics: Effects of Light, Sea Water and Chlorine." Clothing and Textiles Research Journal 5, no. 2 (January 1987): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0887302x8700500205.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Light in sea-water"

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Foster, Robert. "The polarization of light in coastal and open oceans| Reflection and transmission by the air-sea interface and application for the retrieval of water optical properties." Thesis, The City College of New York, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10254604.

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For decades, traditional remote sensing retrieval methods that rely solely on the spectral intensity of the water-leaving light have provided indicators of aquatic ecosystem health. With the increasing demand for new water quality indicators and improved accuracy of existing ones, the limits of traditional remote sensing approaches are becoming apparent. Use of the additional information intrinsic to the polarization state of light is therefore receiving more attention. One of the major challenges inherent in any above-surface determination of the water-leaving radiance, scalar or vector, is the removal of extraneous light which has not interacted with the water body and is therefore not useful for remote sensing of the water itself. Due in-part to the lack of a proven alternative, existing polarimeter installations have thus far assumed that such light was reflected by a flat sea surface, which can lead to large inaccuracies in the water-leaving polarization signal. This dissertation rigorously determines the full Mueller matrices for both surface-reflected skylight and upwardly transmitted light by a wind-driven ocean surface. A Monte Carlo code models the surface in 3D and performs polarized ray-tracing, while a vector radiative transfer (VRT) simulation generates polarized light distributions from which the initial Stokes vector for each ray is inferred. Matrices are computed for the observable range of surface wind speeds, viewing and solar geometries, and atmospheric aerosol loads. Radiometer field-of-view effects are also assessed. Validation of the results is achieved using comprehensive VRT simulations of the atmosphere-ocean system based on several oceanographic research cruises and specially designed polarimeters developed by the City College of New York: one submerged beneath the surface and one mounted on a research vessel. When available, additional comparisons are made at 9 km altitude with the NASA Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP). Excellent agreement is achieved between all instrumentation, demonstrating the accuracy of the modeling approach and validating the computed Mueller matrices. Further, the results are used to demonstrate the feasibility for polarimetric retrieval of the total attenuation coefficient for Case II waters, a feat which is not possible using scalar remote sensing methods.

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Sieczka, Junior Edson Luiz. "Estudo da alteração na absorção da luz monocromática (transmitância) como parâmetro de contaminação do mar por hidrocarbonetos." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2013. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/614.

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O monitoramento em tempo real da água do mar em ambientes críticos, como na entrada de portos e de canais de navegação, é necessário para evitar grandes contaminações do meio ambiente marinho, principalmente em regiões costeiras. A contaminação mais recorrente é por derramamento de hidrocarbonetos. Um indicativo de contaminação por óleo, em tempo real, viabiliza a atuação imediata dos setores responsáveis. Tal medida pode evitar que as impurezas se espalhem por uma área maior, o que torna o processo de limpeza e descontaminação mais rápido e eficaz. Este estudo visa detectar alterações no comportamento físico da água do mar quando existir contaminação por hidrocarbonetos. O parâmetro físico a ser estudado é a variação na curva de transmitância da água do mar, com específicos comprimentos de onda, quando existir contaminação na amostra. A variação da absorção da onda eletromagnética detectada pelo foto sensor pode indicar que a amostra de água esteja contaminada por hidrocarbonetos. O equipamento base para a tomada de dados das curvas de transmitância é o espectrofotômetro, que tem como característica a capacidade de realizar uma varredura em uma faixa de comprimento de onda eletromagnética compreendida entre 190 nm a 1100 nm. A avaliação dos resultados é feita utilizando uma placa de aquisição do espectro de um LED de 400 nm. Dois métodos foram realizados utilizando a mesma fonte de radiação, o primeiro com incidência horizontal da luz na amostra de água (próximo à superfície) e o segundo com incidência vertical, submetendo a radiação à absorção causada pela coluna de água e contaminante (gasolina e querosene). Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho apresentam uma queda bem significativa da transmitância em função do aumento da concentração de poluente (hidrocarbonetos) na água, nas faixas mais pertinentes de cada substância, com suas diferentes estruturas moleculares. O ponto do espectro de maior sensibilidade para este hidrocarboneto na medição da transmitância está em 360 nm. Utilizando a lei de Lambert-Beer, foi calculada a correlação exponencial dos pontos obtidos com um determinado comprimento de onda, em 360 nm esta correlação é superior a 99%. O método utilizado e os resultados levantados possibilitam o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um sensor óptico para sensoriamento da água do mar baseado na variação da absorção da luz em função do aumento da concentração de contaminantes (hidrocarbonetos), e a utilização da lei de Lambert-Beer para estimar a concentração deste produto na água.
The real time monitoring of seawater in critical environments such as ports entrances and navigation channels is needed in order to avoid major contaminations of the marine environment especially in coastal regions. The most recurrent contamination is hydrocarbon spills. A real time contamination indicator enables immediate action from the responsible sectors. Such measurement might prevent impurities from spreading into a greater area, resulting in faster and more effective cleaning and decontamination process. This study aims to detect changes in the physical behavior of the sea water when hydrocarbon contamination exists. The physical parameter under study is the variation in the transmittance curve of seawater, with specific wavelengths, when there is contamination in the sample. The absorption variation of the electromagnetic wave detected by the photo sensor can indicate that the water sample is contaminated by hydrocarbons. The base equipment for collecting data from the transmittance curves is the spectrophotometer, which is able to perform a scan on an electromagnetic wavelength range between 190 nm to 1100 nm. Two methods were performed using the same radiation source, the first one with horizontal light incidence into the water sample (near-surface) and the second one with vertical incidence, subjecting radiation to absorption caused by the water column and contaminant (gasoline and kerosene). The results obtained in this study show a significant decrease of transmittance in function of the increase in concentration of pollutant (hydrocarbon) in the water, in the more relevant ranges of each substance, with their different molecular structures. The hydrocarbon used in the evaluation of both methods validation was gasoline. The spectrum point of greater sensitivity in measuring the hydrocarbon transmittance is in 360 nm. Using the Lambert-Beer law it was calculated exponential correlation of points obtained with a specific wavelength, in 360 nm this correlation is greater than 99%. The method and results raised enabled the development and application of an optical sensor for sensing seawater according to the variation of light absorption in function of the increasing contaminants concentration (hydrocarbons), and using the Lambert-Beer law to estimating the concentration of product in water.
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Zhen, Kuen-Chin, and 曾冠菁. "Effect of size fraction of phytoplankton on their light saturated photosynthetic efficiency in the surface water of the southern East China Sea in summer." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46697861409830414813.

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Books on the topic "Light in sea-water"

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Woźniak, Bogdan. Light absorption in sea water. New York, NY: Springer, 2007.

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Oishi, Tomohiko. Light scattering and polarization by suspended particulate matter in sea water. Copenhagen: Københavns universitet, Geofysisk institut, afdeling for fysisk oceanografi, 1987.

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Water light time: Beneath the surface, sea of light, cool waters, rhythm & dance, dark blue, water gardens, desert ocean, south light, island kingdoms, Japanese theatre, coral eden. London: Phaidon Press, 1999.

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Starkey, Lindsay. Encountering Water in Early Modern Europe and Beyond. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988736.

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Both the Christian Bible and Aristotle’s works suggest that water should entirely flood the earth. Though many ancient, medieval, and early modern Europeans relied on these works to understand and explore the relationships between water and earth, sixteenth-century Europeans particularly were especially concerned with why dry land existed. This book investigates why they were so interested in water’s failure to submerge the earth when their predecessors had not been. Analyzing biblical commentaries as well as natural philosophical, geographical, and cosmographical texts from these periods, Lindsay Starkey shows that European sea voyages to the southern hemisphere combined with the traditional methods of European scholarship and religious reformations led sixteenth-century Europeans to reinterpret water and earth’s ontological and spatial relationships. The manner in which they did so also sheds light on how we can respond to our current water crisis before it is too late.
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Cyrus, Kurt. Hotel deep: Light verse from dark water. Orlando: Harcourt, 2005.

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Nothnagel, Jürgen. Der Einfluss von Salinität und Lichtintensität auf die Osmolytkonzentrationen, die Zellvolumina und die Wachstumsraten der antarktischen Eisdiatomeen Chaetoceros sp. und Navicula sp. unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Aminosäure Prolin =: The effects of salinity and light intensity on the osmolyte concentrations, cell volumes and growth rates of the antarctic sea-ice diatoms Chaetoceros sp. and Navicula sp. with emphasis on the amino acid proline. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1995.

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Nothnagel, Jürgen. Der Einfluss von Salinität und Lichtintensität auf die Osmolytkonzentrationen, die Zellvolumina und die Wachstumsraten der antarktischen Eisdiatomeen Chaetoceros sp. und Navicula sp. unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Aminosäure Prolin =: The effects of salinity and light intensity on the osmolyte concentrations, cell volumes and growth rates of the Antarctic sea-ice diatoms Chaetoceros sp. and Navicula sp. with emphasis on the amino acid proline. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1995.

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France. Atomic energy: Light water reactor safety : arrangement between the United States of America and France, signed at Rockville and Fontenay-aux-Roses April 25 and May 22, 1995 with appendices and annex. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1999.

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France. Atomic energy: Light water reactor safety : arrangement between the United States of America and France, signed at Rockville and Fontenay-aux-Roses April 25 and May 22, 1995 with appendices and annex. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1999.

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France. Atomic energy: Light water reactor safety : arrangement between the United States of America and France, signed at Rockville and Fontenay-aux-Roses April 25 and May 22, 1995 with appendices and annex. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Light in sea-water"

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Taylor, Kelvin, Mark Mullett, Lee Fergusson, Helen Adamson, and Juerg Wehrli. "Application of Nanofiltration Technology to Improve Sea Water Neutralization of Bayer Process Residue." In Light Metals 2011, 81–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_14.

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Taylor, Kelvin, Mark Mullett, Lee Fergusson, Helen Adamson, and Juerg Wehrli. "Application of Nanofiltration Technology to Improve Sea Water Neutralization of Bayer Process Residue." In Light Metals 2011, 79–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118061992.ch14.

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Sadawy, M. M., and K. M. Zohdy. "Effect of Tin on the Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy in Sea Water." In Light Metals 2014, 383–88. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch65.

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Sadawy, M. M., and K. M. Zohdy. "Effect of TIN on the Corrosion and Electrochemical Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg Alloy in Sea Water." In Light Metals 2014, 383–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_65.

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Vernet, Guy, and Jacques Bierne. "The influence of light and sea water temperature on the reproductive cycle of Lineus ruber (Heteronemertea)." In Advances in Nemertean Biology, 267–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2052-4_20.

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Adams, R., G. van Holland, J. Vansteenkiste, M. van Rompaey, M. de Beukelaer-Dossche, and S. Bosmans. "An Integrated Approach to Define Estuarine System Resilience, Applied to the Upper Sea Scheldt, Flanders, Belgium." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 1052–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_93.

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AbstractThe Upper Sea Scheldt (Flanders, Belgium) is a part of the Scheldt estuary which extends from the North-Sea in the Netherlands to the shipping locks in Ghent with a total length of 160 km. Challenges on flood protection and nature development in this unique fresh water estuarine system are addressed in the Sigma-plan. Cumulative effects of i) the autonomous morphological development of the estuary, ii) the further evolution as a consequence of past realignments and dredging works, and iii) sea level rise, result in an increase of tidal dynamics and turbidity which affect both habitat and light climate, and finally disrupt the ecosystem functions.In order to better understand the system functioning and to prepare for counteracting these undesired evolutions De Vlaamse Waterweg, the waterway manager, has launched a study programme to investigate solutions and to prepare a vision for the future management of the river. An extensive modelling instrument was developed coupling different state of the art modules into one model chain. The developed instrument proved to be highly effective to study (i) the interdependencies between the different river functions which allowed for an integrated analysis and evaluation of potential measures, and (ii) the robustness of the measures for climate change, and allowing the selection of a set of measures providing a desired level of system resilience. As such the results of the study form the backbone for the development of a future vision on estuary management, while the model instrument will continue to be used to study design alternatives and finetune measures for implementation.
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Quesnel, Benoît, Christophe Scheffer, and Georges Beaudoin. "The Light Stable Isotope (Hydrogen, Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Silicon, Sulfur) Composition of Orogenic Gold Deposits." In Isotopes in Economic Geology, Metallogenesis and Exploration, 283–328. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27897-6_10.

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AbstractOrogenic gold deposits formed in various terranes of most ages since the Paleoarchean and generally consist of quartz veins hosted in shear zones formed at the ductile brittle transition under greenschist to lower amphibolite metamorphic conditions. Vein mineralogy is dominated by quartz with various amounts of silicates, carbonates, phyllosilicates, borates, tungstates, sulfides, and oxides. The isotopic composition of these minerals and fluid inclusions has been investigated since the 1960s to constrain the characteristics of orogenic fluid systems involved in the formation of gold deposits worldwide. This review is based on 8580 stable isotope analyses, including δ18O, δD, δ13C, δ34S δ15N, δ11B, and δ30Si values, from 5478 samples from 558 orogenic gold deposits reported in the literature from 1960 to 2010. This contribution describes the variability of the light stable isotopic systems as function of the minerals, the age of the deposits, their regional setting, and their country rocks. The temperature of isotopic equilibrium of orogenic gold veins is estimated from mineral pairs for oxygen and sulfur isotopes. Based on these temperatures, and on fractionation between mineral and fluid components (H2O, CO2 and H2S), the isotopic composition of fluids is estimated to better constrain the main parameters shared by most of auriferous orogenic fluid systems. Orogenic gold deposits display similar isotopic features through time, suggesting that fluid conditions and sources leading to the formation of orogenic gold deposits did not change significantly from the Archean to the Cenozoic. No consistent secular variations of mineral isotope composition for oxygen (−8.1‰ ≤ δ18O ≤ 33‰, n = 4011), hydrogen (−187‰ ≤ δD ≤ −4‰, n = 246), carbon (−26.7‰ ≤ δ13C ≤ 12.3‰, n = 1179), boron (−21.6‰ ≤ δ11B ≤ 9‰, n = 119), and silicon (−0.5‰ ≤ δ30Si ≤ 0.8‰, n = 33) are documented. Only nitrogen (1.6‰ ≤ δ15N ≤ 23.7‰, n = 258) and sulfide sulfur from deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks (−27.2‰ ≤ δ34S ≤ 25‰, n = 717) display secular variations. For nitrogen, the change in composition is interpreted to record the variation of δ15N values of sediments devolatilized during metamorphism. For sulfur, secular variations reflect incorporation of local sedimentary sulfur of ultimate seawater origin. No significant variation of temperature of vein formation is documented for orogenic gold deposits of different ages. Quartz-silicate, quartz-carbonate and sulfide-sulfide mineral pairs display consistent temperatures of 360 ± 76 °C (1σ; n = 332), in agreement with the more common greenschist facies hostrocks and fluid inclusion microthermometry. Fluid sources for orogenic gold deposits are complex but the isotopic systems (hydrogen, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur) are most consistent with contributions from metamorphic fluids released by devolatilization of igneous, volcano-sedimentary and/or sedimentary rocks. The contribution of magmatic water exsolved from magma during crystallization is not a necessary component, even if permissible in specific cases. Isotopic data arrays can be interpreted as the result of fluid mixing between a high T (~550 °C)—high δ18O (~10‰)—low δD (~−60‰) deep-seated (metamorphic) fluid reservoir and a low T (~200 °C)—low δ18O (~2‰)—high δD (~0‰) upper crustal fluid reservoir in a number of orogenic gold deposits. The origin of the upper crustal fluid is most likely sea- or meteoric water filling the host rock porosity, with a long history of water–rock isotope exchange. Mixing of deep-seated and upper crustal fluids also explains the large variation of tourmaline δ11B values from orogenic gold veins. Regional spatial variations of oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of deep-seated fluid reservoirs are documented between orogenic gold districts. This is the case for the Val-d’Or (Abitibi), Coolgardie and Kalgoorlie (Yilgarn) where the oxygen isotope composition of the deep-seated fluid end-member is 4‰ lower compared to that from the Timmins, Larder Lake, and Kirkland Lake districts (Abitibi). However, both mixing trends converge towards a common, low δ18O upper crustal fluid end-member. Such variations cannot be related to fluid buffering at the site of deposition and suggest provinciality of the fluid source. The contribution of meteoric water is mainly recorded by fluid inclusions from Mesozoic and Cenozoic age deposits, but micas are not systematically in isotopic equilibrium with fluid inclusions trapped in quartz from the same vein. This suggests late involvement of meteoric water unrelated to deposit formation. Yet, a number of deposits with low δD mica may record infiltration of meteoric water in orogenic gold deposits. Isotope exchange between mineralizing fluid and country rocks is documented for oxygen, carbon, sulfur and silicon isotopes. Large variations (> 10‰) of sulfide δ34S values at the deposit scale are likely related to evolving redox conditions of the mineralizing fluid during reaction with country rocks. Deposits hosted in sedimentary rocks show a shift to higher δ18O values as a result of fluid/rock oxygen exchange with the regional sedimentary country rocks.
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Soldani, M., and O. Faggioni. "A Tool to Aid the Navigation in La Spezia Harbour (Italy)." In Geomatics for Green and Digital Transition, 89–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17439-1_6.

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AbstractThe knowledge of sea level in harbours is very important to manage port activities (safety of navigation, prevention of ship stranding, optimization of vessel loading, water quality control). In this article we describe the use of a software tool developed to help local authorities and working organizations to optimize navigation and avoid or manage hazardous situations due to sea level changes in port basins. This prototype application, starting from reading data coming from a monitoring station in La Spezia harbour (in North Western Italy), updates dynamically the port bathymetry based on sea level oscillations (measured in the past or real-time, or expected in the near future). Then, it detects potentially dangerous areas for a given ship moving in the basin at a certain time, by means of the idea of “virtual traffic lights”: sea level variations are provided as parameters to the application that performs the updating of the bathymetric map and the subdivision of the harbour in allowed (green)/warning (yellow)/prohibited (red) areas for each ship, based on its draft. The tool can provide a useful support interface to competent authorities to avoid or manage critical situations by detecting hazardous areas for a given vessel at a given time.
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Misbari, S., and M. Hashim. "VARIATION OF LIGHT ATTENUATION OF SEAGRASS HABITAT IN PENINSULAR MALAYSIA FROM SATELLITE-BASED ESTIMATION." In Construction Engineering and Management. PENERBIT UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/cem.1.04.2022.02.06.

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Light deprivation into the water column depends on the water clarity. Seagrass habitat is sparsely identified along the coastal area of Peninsular Malaysia.Seagrass density is affected by the amount of attenuated light into the water column, as light is essentially used for the growing process. Water along the west coast is more turbid than the south and east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.Blue spectral band (450 nm−510 nm) of Landsat 7 ETM+ satellite image that has strong penetrative power and red band (640 nm−670 nm) that is sensitive to subtle changes on seafloor features are useful to estimate variability of light penetration. A set of sampling points for both spectral bands was plotted with coastal depth.It is found that the east coast has 25% higher light penetration compared to south and west coastal regions. This condition is favourable for seagrass habitat. However, low light in deeper sea bottom and strong waves from South China Sea are among limitations imposed by east coast seagrass meadows to constantly survive.
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Sherratt, Thomas N., and David M. Wilkinson. "Why is the Sea Blue?" In Big Questions in Ecology and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199548606.003.0012.

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One answer to this chapter’s question is straightforward and based on high-school physics. The early SCUBA divers quickly discovered that if they took underwater colour photographs, even if they were only a few metres down, their pictures had a strong blue cast to them. However, if they illuminated their subjects with a flash, then a more colourful world emerged in their pictures—especially if they were photographing the rich diversity of highly coloured fish that can be found in some parts of the tropics. The reason for the blueness is that as sunlight passes through water the colours of the spectrum are absorbed at different rates, with the long wavelengths (e.g. red) absorbed first and the higher-energy shorter wavelengths (e.g. blue) penetrating deeper into the depths. It follows that underwater available light is predominantly blue and that any light reflected from within the water body is more likely to be from the bluer end of the spectrum of visible light. So, light coming from the sea to our eyes is mainly blue because these wavelengths are least absorbed; indeed oceanographers who have studied some of the cleanest waters describe them as looking ‘violet blue’. As biologists we are interested in a more ecological answer to the question, ‘Why is the sea blue’? The physics explanation only works if seawater is reasonably clear, and it is this clarity that biologists need to explain. Consider our opening quotation, which comes from Peter Matthiessen’s book describing early attempts to film the great white shark in its natural habitat. It raises an interesting ecological question—why can a SCUBA diver or snorkeler see where they are going in the ocean? Put another way, why is the sea blue rather than green? The upper layer of the ocean with enough light for photosynthesis is called the euphotic zone (defined as extending down to the point where only 1% of photosynthetically usable light is present compared with surface light levels); this is often only a few tens of metres deep, but in extremely clear water near Easter Island in the Pacific it has recently been found to extend down to 170 m depth.
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Conference papers on the topic "Light in sea-water"

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Marston, Philip L. "Colors Observed when Sunlight is Scattered from Bubble Clouds in Sea Water." In Light and Color in the Open Air. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lcoa.1990.thb6.

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Quan, Xiangqian, Xiangzi Chen, Ming Chen, Kelin Sun, Yidan Liu, and Hailong Zhang. "The deep-sea lamp design based on the light attenuation in water." In Ocean Optics and Information Technology, edited by Jianquan Yao, Renhe Zhang, Xuelong Li, Hao Yin, Lixin Wu, and Zhongliang Zhu. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2505686.

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Aleksejev, N. V., Yurij I. Kopilevich, B. V. Kurasov, and Viktor A. Yakovlev. "Diagnostics of sea-water turbulence by small-angle light scattering (Abstract Only)." In International Conference on Diffractometry and Scatterometry, edited by Maksymilian Pluta and Mariusz Szyjer. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.192030.

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Bostater, Charles R., and Samin Aziz. "Water wave glint corrections, water depth, light attenuation, and WorldView-3 remote sensing algorithms for Indian River lagoon." In Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2019, edited by Charles R. Bostater, Xavier Neyt, and Françoise Viallefont-Robinet. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2534093.

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Ali, Haider, Faycal Bensaali, Abbes Amira, and Fadi Jaber. "Sea Water Salinity Detection Using Circular Fringes Formation Based on Diffraction of Laser Light." In 2017 9th IEEE-GCC Conference and Exhibition (GCCCE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeegcc.2017.8448110.

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Liao, Ran, Qiang Li, and Xianzhong Mao. "A prototype for detection of particles in sea water by using polarize-light scattering." In OCEANS 2019 - Marseille. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2019.8867414.

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Haltrin, V. I. "One-parameter sea water light scattering phase function in the form of Legendre polynomial series." In Oceans 2003. Celebrating the Past ... Teaming Toward the Future (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37492). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.2003.178359.

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Sbordone, A., B. Morrison, O. Karlsen, V. Sten-Halvorsen, B. Neumann, and O. Bjerkvik. "Riserless Light Well Intervention: Taking the North Sea Experience to Deeper Water and Higher Efficiency." In OTC Brasil. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/26156-ms.

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Rotkiske, Tyler A., and Charles Bostater. "Advancements to Monte-Carlo modeling of the underwater light field using synthetic water surface slopes and synthetic bottom reflectance signatures." In Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2021, edited by Charles R. Bostater and Xavier Neyt. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2601703.

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Wang, Chao, Shanghua Li, Keli Zhang, Jun Zhu, and Lili Wang. "Prelaunch simulation calculation for the sun glint area of the light-weighted multispectral camera for the marine science mission and calibration mode." In Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2023, edited by Charles R. Bostater and Xavier Neyt. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2679165.

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Reports on the topic "Light in sea-water"

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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.

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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings:  Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed.  Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role.  Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory.  Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.
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