Relevant bibliographies by topics / Light emission measurement

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Light emission measurement'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Light emission measurement"

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Durán Ramiro, M. Teresa, and Eduardo García-Toraño. "Measurement of light emission in scintillation vials." Review of Scientific Instruments 76, no. 9 (September 2005): 093115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2044627.

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Wang, Gang, Chao Qian, Guoliang Yang, Ligui Nan, and Haige Yu. "Verification of PEMS measurement accuracy based on light vehicle emission test system." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801003.

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For the requirements of the portable emission measurement system (PEMS) measurement accuracy for limits and measurement methods for emissions from light-duty vehicles(CHINA 6), based on the light-duty vehicle emission test system in steady-state conditions and WLTC conditions for PEMS gaseous pollutants, mass flow rate , particle number (PN) verify accuracy of measurement. The results showed that the relative measurement errors of CO, CO2, NOx, fuel consumption and mass flow rate were −5.49%, 2.53%, 10.55%, 2.09% and −2.79%. The relative measurement errors of CO, CO2, NOx, fuel consumption and PN under WLTC condition were 6.67%, 2.54%, 12.96%, 2.37% and −16.08%, which meeting the requirements of the regulations.
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KADOWAKI, Daisuke, Takaki ITAYA, and Hideo SHOJI. "20204 An Analysis of Preflame Reaction Light Emission Behavior in Autoignition Using Light Emission Measurement." Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2006.12 (2006): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2006.12.383.

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JR., W. R. FORBUS, S. D. SENTER, and RUEL L. WILSON. "Measurement of Tomato Maturity by Delayed Light Emission." Journal of Food Science 50, no. 3 (May 1985): 750–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13788.x.

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FORBUS, W. R., S. D. SENTER, and H. T. CHAN. "Measurement of Papaya Maturity by Delayed Light Emission." Journal of Food Science 52, no. 2 (March 1987): 356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb06612.x.

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Hakola, H., V. Tarvainen, J. Bäck, H. Ranta, B. Bonn, J. Rinne, and M. Kulmala. "Seasonal variation of mono- and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine." Biogeosciences 3, no. 1 (March 13, 2006): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-93-2006.

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Abstract. The seasonal variation of mono-and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine was measured from April to October in 2004. The emission rates were measured daily in the afternoons with the exception of weekends. Emissions were measured from two branches; one of them was debudded in May (branch A), while the other was allowed to grow new needles (branch B). The monoterpene emission pattern remained almost constant throughout the measurement period, Δ3-carene being the dominant monoterpene (50-70% of the VOC emission). The standard monoterpene emission potential (30°C) was highest during early summer in June (the average of the two branches 1.35 µg g-1h-1) and lowest during early autumn in September (the average of the two branches 0.20 µg g-1h-1. The monoterpene emission potential of branch A remained low also during October, whereas the emission potential of branch B was very high in October. The sesquiterpenes were mainly emitted during mid summer, the dominant sesquiterpene being β-caryophyllene. Branch A had a higher sesquiterpene emission potential than branch B and the emission maximum occurred concomitant with the high concentration of airborne pathogen spores suggesting a potential defensive role of the sesquiterpene emissions. The sesquiterpene emissions were well correlated with linalool and 1,8-cineol emissions, but not with monoterpenes. Sesquiterpene and 1,8-cineol emissions were equally well described by the temperature dependent and the temperature and light dependent algorithms. This is due to the saturation of the light algorithm as the measurements were always conducted during high light conditions.
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Hakola, H., V. Tarvainen, J. Bäck, H. Ranta, B. Bonn, J. Rinne, and M. Kulmala. "Seasonal variation of mono- and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine." Biogeosciences Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 10, 2005): 1697–717. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-2-1697-2005.

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Abstract. The seasonal variation of mono-and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine was measured from April to October in 2004. The emission rates were measured daily in the afternoons with the exception of weekends. Emissions were measured from two branches; one of them was debudded in May (branch A), while the other was allowed to grow new needles (branch B). The monoterpene emission pattern remained almost constant throughout the measurement period, Δ3-carene being the dominant monoterpene (50–70% of the VOC emission). The standard monoterpene emission potential was highest during early summer in June (the average of the two branches 0.55 μg−1(dw) h−1) and lowest during early autumn in September (the average of the two branches 0.12 μg g−1(dw) h−1). The monoterpene emission potential of branch A remained low also during October, whereas the emission potential of branch B was very high in October. The sesquiterpenes were mainly emitted during mid summer, the dominant sesquiterpene being β-caryophyllene. Branch A had a higher sesquiterpene emission potential than branch B and the emission maximum occurred concomitant with the high concentration of airborne pathogen spores indicating the defensive role of the sesquiterpene emissions. The sesquiterpene emissions were well correlated with linalool and 1,8-cineol emissions, but not with monoterpenes. Sesquiterpene and 1,8-cineol emissions were equally well described by the temperature dependent and the temperature and light dependent algorithms. This is due to the saturation of the light algorithm as the measurements were always conducted during high light conditions.
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BIELACZYC, Piotr, Andrzej SZCZOTKA, and Joseph WOODBURN. "An overview of particulate matter emissions from modern light duty vehicles." Combustion Engines 153, no. 2 (May 1, 2013): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-117007.

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This paper presents a comparison of particle mass and number emissions from different types of vehicles with spark-ignition (SI) engines, with MPI and DI fuelling systems and compression-ignition (CI) engines with DI fuelling system with/without Diesel particles filters (DPF). The methodology of particulate mass and particle number emissions measurement with a full flow dilution tunnel for LDD engines and particulate sampling system is described. The results of measurements performed according to Euro 5/Euro 6 requirements for PC and LDV vehicles are presented, as performed on the chassis dynamometer in the Exhaust Emission Laboratory of BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute (in Bielsko-Biala), Poland.
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Wang, Zhihong, Penghui Wu, Nenghui Yu, Yuanjun Zhang, and Zhijun Wang. "Analysis of the influence of RDE test data processing methods on the emission results of China 6 light duty vehicles." E3S Web of Conferences 268 (2021): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126801022.

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The CO2 moving average window(MAW) method is used to process RDE (real drive emissions) emissions data in China 6 light duty vehicle emissions regulations, while the Euro 6 light duty vehicle emission regulations allow to use both of MAW and power binning(PB) method to deal with RDE emission data. In order to study the difference between the two data processing methods and analyze the differences in the emission results, 10 different types of light duty vehicles are conducted RDE test with PEMS (portable emissions measurement system), and the test data are processed by the two methods separately. The results show that there is a little difference between MAW and PB, while both of them can satisfy the vehicle emission assessment. The PB method calculates the emission factors higher than the MAW method. After removing the cold start and idle condition data, the results of PB is similar to MAW. Besides, reducing the average speed limit of urban working conditions in PB has a greater impact on the urban driving condition emission factor, but less on the whole cycle emission factor.
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Lee, SoDuk, Carl R. Fulper, Daniel Cullen, Joseph McDonald, Antonio Fernandez, Mark H. Doorlag, Lawrence J. Sanchez, and Michael Olechiw. "On-Road Portable Emission Measurement Systems Test Data Analysis and Light-Duty Vehicle In-Use Emissions Development." SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/14-09-02-0007.

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Portable emission measurement systems (PEMS) [1] are used by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to measure gaseous and particulate matter mass emissions from vehicles in normal, in-use, on-the-road, and “real-world” operations to support many of its programs. These programs include vehicle modeling, emissions compliance, regulatory development, emissions inventory development, and investigations of the effects of real, in-use driving conditions on NOx, CO2, and other regulated pollutants. This article discusses EPA’s analytical methodology for evaluating light-duty vehicle energy and EU Real Driving Emissions (RDE). A simple, data-driven model was developed and validated using measured PEMS emissions test data. The work also included application of the EU RDE procedures and comparison to the PEMS test methodologies and FTP and other chassis dynamometer test data used by EPA for characterizing in-use light- and heavy-duty vehicle emissions. This work was conducted as part of EPA’s participation in the development of UNECE Global Technical Regulations and also supports EPA mobile source emission inventory development. This article discusses the real-world emissions of light-duty vehicles with 12V Start-Stop technology and light-duty vehicles using both gasoline and diesel fuels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Light emission measurement"

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Hornsey, Richard Ian. "Factors affecting ion energy distributions in liquid metal ion sources." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236154.

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Olivier, Marius. "The conceptual design and development of novel low cost sensors for measuring the relative light emission in the pre-millisecond stages of detonating explosive charges." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71686.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: During the course of the CSIR’s research into the characterisation of explosive sources to devise methods of active intervention against threats, the need has arisen to research a particular means of early identification of the threat, which is the intense light flash during the threat detonation. For this purpose, a low cost rugged fast optical sensor was sought, since the application thereof would imply possible destruction, especially if integrated into an active intervention system later on. Given the average time of about 1ms available for intervention, it is clear that the active intervention system needs to operate within that period, hence the interest in the characteristic light emission of detonations in the pre-millisecond time frame. It was thought that by characterising this emitted light in terms of wavelength (temperature) and amplitude (and maybe other unique phenomena), the size of the threat could be determined and logic decisions derived therefrom. Needless to say, the environment in which the detonation light emission sensor is to operate, is extremely hostile in terms of shock, dust, flying debris, fast rise time of the explosive event, and Electro-magnetic Interference ( EMI) caused by the detonation itself. It must be noted that the light sensor research was driven by the outcome of research tests performed in aid of the development of an active intervention system. During this research the possibility of using commercially available low cost optical detectors at room temperature in combination with cost effective narrow band pass op- tical filters for the relative measurement of the light emission at discrete wavelengths during explosive detonation events were investigated. In 2006, not much applicable lit- erature could be found on this subject, hence the educated “shot-in-the-dark” approach then, which, by a systematic approach of explosive tests and continuous evaluation up to 2011, led to a surprisingly simple and robust low cost optical sensor. The research commenced with a range of optical detector elements selected for their responsivity and bandwidth in the optical spectrum of interest; the optical filtering by means of the recording of the emitted light signal during scaled down explosive tests at the Blast Impact Survivability Research Unit (BISRU) at the University of Cape Town. These tests were followed by full-scale tests at DBEL, and confirmed the findings at BISRU that the light emissions at the longer wavelengths (>2 m) manifest themselves too late for use within the intervention time frame. It was therefore decided to concentrate on the ultra-violet (UV) to near infra-red (NIR) spectrum of the emitted light for further full scale tests, since these discrete spectra showed the most promise for characterisa- tion of the emitted light. During this period a robust sensor housing with detector and filter mounts was designed for protection against blast shock and EMI. During the following years, certain types of optical detectors that were used during previous tests were eliminated according to results obtained, and more discrete narrow band pass filters added in the visible to NIR spectrum. A dedicated fast instrumen- tation amplifier (bandwidth > 1MHz and selectable gain up to 40dB) was developed to amplify weak signals (mainly caused by the heavy load in the detector circuit to improve rise times). However, the emission of light per wavelength in this region was measured to be relatively strong, and actually not as fast as was anticipated. This meant that the load resistor value of the detector element could be increased without affecting the signal negatively (bandwidth sufficient), thus adding to the amplitude of the signal to such a point that amplification in a 10m to 30 meter stand-off scenario was no longer needed. This culminated in an unamplified universal detector element being used with various narrow band pass filters up to 1 m, integrated as a very robust analog sensor at a discrete wavelength, and facilitating the direct comparison of light amplitude/relative intensity of the detonation at discrete spectral points. The sensor was employed in the field at various full scale explosive tests at DBEL, which led to the capture of a vast amount of light emitted data for different types of explosives, at various distances from the detonation, and of varying mass. Analysis of this data showed that the broadband light intensity of the emitted light scales to the explosive mass1/3 (as published by FJ Mostert and M Olivier in the Journal for Applied Physics, October 2011). Further analysis also confirmed the attenuation of the emitted light intensity by the square of the distance. Besides the aforesaid, various other key inputs to a possible active intervention algorithm have been identified. These findings are inputs to the determination of i.a. the detonation threat size, a vital component in the active intervention algorithm. The results of these experiments confirmed that the final low cost analog sensor can measure relative light emission at discrete wavelengths from detonation of explosives in the very early stages of development, and that the sensor has many other applications in the detonics research fields as well.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die WNNR se navorsing om detonerende bronne te karakteriseer ten einde aktiewe teenmaatreëls daar te stel, het die behoefte na vore gekom om die intense ligflits van ’n detonasie te ondersoek en te karakteriseer. Vir hierdie doel is ’n lae koste ligsensor benodig, synde die uiteindelike aanwending van hierdie ligsensor die vernietiging daarvan sou beteken, aldus die lae koste vereiste. Gegewe die kort tydsduur van die detonasie (’n paar millisekondes), is dit duidelik dat die ligflits karakerisering voor 1ms moet geskied, en daarom moet die ligsensor ook baie vinnig reageer om insette te lewer tot ’n aktiewe teenmaatreëlstelsel. Daar moet op gelet word dat die ligsensor se ontwikkeling uitkomsgedrewe was deur die navorsingstoetse om ’n aktiewe teenmaatreëlstelsel daar te stel. Een van die insette tot so ’n aktiewe teenmaatreëlstelsel is die grootte van die bedreiging: deur die ligflits te karakteriseer met die lae koste ligsensors t.o.v. golflengte, ligamplitude en moontlik ander verskynsels, kan bv. die massa inset verkry word wat nodig is vir die teenmaatreël algoritme. Die omgewing waarin die ligsensor moet funksioneer is baie onvriendelik i.t.v. skok, stof, vlieënde partikels en elektromagnetiese steurings, en sou daarteen beskerm moes word. Gedurende die navoring om so ’n ligsensor te ontwikkel (samelopend met die teen- maatreël navorsing), is kommersiële kamertemperatuur detektors oorweeg en aange- wend, in samewerking met nouband optiese filters. Die doel was om die ligopbrengs per golflengte te karakteriseer m.b.t. die plofstof massa, plofstof tipe en geometrie, en die afstand vanaf die detonasie. Bitter min literatuur oor die ligmeting van detonasies is aanvanklik gevind, aldus is ’n basislyn daargestel en deur sistematiese toetsing, ontleding en verbetering voortgegaan met die navorsing. Dit het gelei tot ’n verrassend eenvoudige en verharde lae koste ligsensor, wat deur meting sleutelinsette kon lewer tot die gesogte aktiewe teenmaatreël algoritme. Kommersiële detektors en nouband optiese filters is uitgesoek na aanleiding van hul prys en prestasie, en waar nodig, is versterking van die seine aangebring. Verskeie toetse met plofstof (op klein en groot skaal) is uitgevoer, waartydens ligmeting by spesifieke golflengtes opgeneem is. Analise van hierdie data het getoon dat die langer golflengtes (>2 m) se verskyning te laat is vir insluiting in die teenmaatreël algoritme, en is dus geleidelik (of sistematies) uitgeskakel. Die klem het geskuif na die detonasie liguitsetting in die UV tot naby infrarooi spektrum, wat nuwe detektors en filters tot gevolg gehad het (uitkoms gebasseerde navorsing). In die proses is ’n instrumentasie versterker ontwerp en gebou, vir buffering en versterking van seine hoër as 1 MHz met ’n selekteerbare aanwins van tot 40dB. Toetse met volskaalse ladings het egter getoon dat die liguitset besonder sterk is in die UV tot naby infrarooi spektrum, en ’n onversterkte ligsensor is aldus op die proef gestel. Hierdie proeflopie het getoon dat die onversterkte ligsensor besonder goed funksioneer op afstande tot en met 30m, en daar is op hierdie model voortgebou. Die verharde onversterkte ligsensor is aangewend in verskeie verdere volskaalse plofstof toetse, en het data gelewer t.o.v. detonasie liguitstraling by spesifieke golflengtes vir tipes plofstof, plofstof massas, plofstof geometrie en afstande vanaf die detonasie. Analise van hierdie data het getoon dat breëband liguitsetting se intensiteit skaal met die plofstof massa1=3 (gepubliseer as ’n artikel deur FJ Mostert en M Olivier in die Journal of Applied Physics’ - Oktober 2011). Verdere analise het verskeie sleutelinsette tot ’n aktiewe teenmaatreël algoritme geïdentifiseer. Die uitkoms van hierdie eksperimentele navorsing het getoon dat die lae koste lig- sensor relatiewe liguitsetting van ’n detonasie by gekose golflengtes vinnig kan meet in die baie vroeë stadia van die detonasie. Buiten dit, het die sensor verskeie ander nuttige aanwending in die detonasie navorsingsveld.
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Tam, Alan Man Chun. "Measurement of absolute quantum efficiency and its correlation with spontaneous emission rate in light emitting materials /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202009%20TAM.

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Marrodán, Undagoitia Teresa. "Measurement of light emission in organic liquid scintillators and studies towards the search for proton decay in the future large-scale detector LENA." kostenfrei, 2008. http://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/doc/667813/667813.pdf.

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Haber, Ludwig Christian. "An investigation into the origin, measurement and application of chemiluminescent light emissions from premixed flames." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31472.

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The chemiluminescent species CH* and OH* are studied in premixed methane combustion to investigate the possible application of their light emissions in gas turbine combustion monitoring systems. The interpretation of integrated and local chemiluminescence measurements are shown to give important qualitative insights into the burning process. The formation path of OH* chemiluminescence is clarified and an accurate chemical kinetic model predicting OH* chemiluminescence emission is developed using GRIMECH 3.0 as a starting point for methane oxidation. CH* chemiluminescence is also modeled but difficulties in obtaining quenching data make the modeling efforts somewhat less successful than that for OH* chemiluminescence. Two combustion models are developed. The first is a semi-empirical model for a Bunsen type flame. The second is a 1-D model for a ceramic honeycomb flat-flame burner using the full chemical kinetics description of the conversion from fuel to products along with a detailed energy equation, accounting for the radiation energy exchange between hot gases and the honeycomb burner ceramic. The results of the modeling calculations show that OH* is superior to CH* chemiluminescence in terms of indicating heat-release rate. The formation of the ratio between CH* and OH* chemiluminescence is shown to be an accurate indicator of equivalence ratio.
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Jhang, Deng-Siang, and 張登翔. "Real road emission measurement and analysis with PEMS for light diesel vehicles." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a33d7k.

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碩士
國立中興大學
機械工程學系所
106
The exhaust emissions generated by diesel vehicles have great impacts to local air pollution. The most damaging pollutants of diesel vehicles are nitrogen oxides(NOx) and particulate matter(PM). PM has been classified by WTO as a carcinogen, and nitrogen oxides are also classified as potentially carcinogenic. The emission of diesel vehicles has been regulated by EPA since 1987 in Taiwan. The emission standard at the present time is equivalent to EU 5. However, the emission test is carried out in a well controlled laboratory with a specified driving cycle. It has been criticized that the test does not reflect the real emissions on the road. The real road condition is much more complicated and harsh. The emission generated on the real road might be quite different from that in the laboratory. This paper presents the emission measurement of light diesel vehicles on real roads. A portable vehicle measurement system (PEMS) was used to measure the concentration of pollutants in the tailpipe. The instantaneous exhaust flow rate was also recorded with a pitot tube. The real emission was accumulated by integration of the measured concentration variations. Three different driving modes were arranged in each test, including urban, rural, and highway. Several light diesel vehicles that meet EU 5 and EU6 standard were tested. Results of test showed that highway mode has the highest emission rate while urban mode emits the least pollutants
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Chiu, J. J., and 曲建仲. "Visible Light Emission and Absorption of Si Quantum Dots: Measurement and Analysis." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24602482639678865388.

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碩士
國立清華大學
材料科學工程學系
87
Nanotechnology has become an increasingly hot and popular research subject recently. The physical and chemical properties such as optical, electronic, magnetic, mechanical, and chemical activity, etc., of nanocrystalline materials, such as nano-wires and nano-dots, are very different from those of conventional materials. Therefore, nanocrystalline materials can be used in chemical and biological sensors, photochemical devices, optical electronic devices and biomedical applications, etc. Among them, nanometer-sized silicon has attracted much attention in recent years because of its potential applications in microelectronics and the lower price. In this study, real zero dimensional Si quantum dots without any substrate were fabricated. Any possible substrate effects in the measurement of optical and electronic properties are obviated. Si quantum dots with particle sizes varying from 20 nm to 1 nm were prepared, and the size distribution was well controlled. Some other nanostructures, such as nano-nets, were also formed by thermal evaporation. According to the XRD patterns, the average grain size of Si quantum dots prepared by thermal evaporation was about 10 nm. From the TEM observation, the particles were spherical and the size varied from 1 to 20 nm. The atomic image of the Si quantum dots was also observed by HRTEM. Some areas with ordered lattice points revealed that there were some single crystalline regions in a Si quantum dot. From FTIR spectrum and ESCA analysis, Si nanoparticles with smaller size absorbed more oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen. Si quantum dots without the substrate effect showed visible light emission from 5000 A to 9000 A, and the maximum PL intensity occurred at about 8200 A. The PL intensity increased as the particle size reduced, implying that the surface area of Si nanoparticles dominated the light emission process. Si quantum dots that absorbed oxygen on the surface were deoxidized by H2 when heated by a He-Cd laser, resulting in disappearance of photoluminescence. This result illustrated that the oxide layer on the surface of Si quantum dots played an important role in the luminescence. Based on the surface state mechanism and the above results, a new model "oxide induced surface state mechanism" was proposed to explain the experimental results In addition, from the UV-visible spectrum, the fundamental gap of Si quantum dots had a blue shift from 2.70 eV to 3.54 eV. It revealed that quantum size effect dominated the optoelectric properties of silicon.
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Marrodán, Undagoitia Teresa [Verfasser]. "Measurement of light emission in organic liquid scintillators and studies towards the search for proton decay in the future large-scale detector LENA / Teresa Marrodán Undagoitia." 2008. http://d-nb.info/989955079/34.

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Books on the topic "Light emission measurement"

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Kersteter, Sharon L. Reranking of area sources in light of seasonal/regional emission factors and state/local needs. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1989.

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Potter, C. J. Measurement of exhaust emissions from light duty diesel engined vehicles. Crowthorne: Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1988.

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Kelly, Claire J. Quantitative Assessment of Particulate Emissions from Light Duty Vehicles on Urban Driving Patterns. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1998.

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Achromatic emission velocity measurements in luminous flows. [Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. National Working Group on Light-Duty Vehicle Emissions Inspection and Maintenance (I/M) Programs., ed. Environmental code of practice for light-duty motor vehicle emission inspection and maintenance programs. 2nd ed. Winnipeg: The Working Group, 1998.

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Wright, A. G. Linear performance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199565092.003.0009.

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This chapter is concerned with a single consideration: the degree of proportionality between a light signal and its resulting electrical output. This is formally referred to as linearity, which depends on the suitability of the chosen PMT and the mode of operation (pulsed or analogue). Applications fall into two groups: analogue operation (DC) and transient applications. Linearity in a pulsed mode of operation concerns both pulse height (charge) and the rate of events. Generally, in the DC mode, only the mean anode current is relevant. Methods for determining both forms of non-linearity are presented, based on actual measurements. Test methods using multiple light sources, bootstrapping, single step (piggyback), and shot noise are investigated. A method for uncovering non-linearity in high-Z scintillators by using coincident gamma emissions (60Co) is demonstrated. An analytical means for correcting results at the 1 % level is provided.
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Colorado State University. Office of Vice President for Research and Information Technology., ed. Statistical analysis of particulate matter emissions from light-duty and heavy-duty diesel vehicles: Final report to the Northern Front Range air quality study. Fort Collins, Colo: Colorado State University, Office of the Vice President for Research and Information Technology, 1998.

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H, Cadle Steven, Coordinating Research Council, and Colorado State University. Office of Vice President for Research and Information Technology., eds. Measurement of exhaust particulate matter emissions from in-use light-duty motor vehicles in the Denver, Colorado area: Final report to the Northern Front Range air quality study. Fort Collins, Colo: Colorado State University, Office of the Vice President for Research and Information Technology, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Light emission measurement"

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Sayil, Selahattin. "Probing Techniques Based on Light Emission from Chip." In Contactless VLSI Measurement and Testing Techniques, 61–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69673-7_8.

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Gall, D., J. Fisch, R. Nolte, and A. Walkling. "Measurement of Low-Level Light Emission under Labconditions." In Biophotons, 159–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0928-6_12.

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Olsen Myklebust, Håkon Aleksander Hartvedt, Thor A. Aarhaug, and Gabriella Tranell. "Measurement System for Fugitive Emissions in Primary Aluminium Electrolysis." In Light Metals 2020, 735–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36408-3_99.

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Gaboury, Simon, Anne Gosselin, Patrice Tremblay, and Jerry Marks. "Comparing Different Measurement Approaches to Characterize All PFC Emissions." In Light Metals 2014, 523–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48144-9_89.

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Gaboury, Simon, Anne Gosselin, Patrice Tremblay, and Jerry Marks. "Comparing Different Measurement Approaches to Characterize All PFC Emissions." In Light Metals 2014, 521–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118888438.ch89.

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LAVOREL, JEAN, JACQUES BRETON, and MARC LUTZ. "Methodological Principles of Measurement of Light Emitted by Photosynthetic Systems." In Light Emission by Plants and Bacteria, 57–98. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-294310-2.50010-x.

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Ramachandran, Thinaharan, Vasaki Ponnusamy, and Noor Zaman. "Solar Powered Smart Street Light with Maintenance Service System." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 102–20. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9792-8.ch006.

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Advancement of technology brings advantages to human race to certain extent. Unfortunately, some of the technological inventions not only brings advantages, but also disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is the pollution of carbon emission in the environment from the non renewal energy resources. Therefore, to prevent pollution from getting worse, the environmental-friendly aspect is suggested to be included in new inventions nowadays. Thanks to the invention of solar panel, solar energy is able to become a renewable energy source that can be applied to various applications. Considering the increase of electricity consumption every year in Malaysia, solar powered street lighting system is proposed in order to reduce the burning of fossil fuels to generate electricity, hence reducing air pollution. The proposed street lighting is companied with automatic switching mechanism to further reduce the electricity consumption of street lights. The system will also be able to provide energy measurement to determine the efficiency of street light. Security features like motion detection and camera module interfaced to the street light for surveillance monitoring in a residential area to overcome intruders and crime such as theft. Theft is now major issue in Malaysia and in many developing and developed countries. The news reported that many people lost their belongings due snatch theft and averagely 16 people go missing every day. Overall design of the solar powered street lighting systems with the security features will help people live in green and protected environment. The implementations of client server connection and Remote Method Invocation (RMI) in wireless network system ease the monitoring process of the entire street lights in a residential area for giving continuous service to the community and environment.
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Shapiro, Howard M. "Fluorescent Probes." In Flow Cytometry for Biotechnology. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195183146.003.0006.

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In the jargon of cytometry, cellular characteristics, such as size, nucleic acid content, and membrane potential, are usually referred to as parameters, a term that is also used for the physical characteristics, such as absorption, light scattering, and fluorescence intensity, that are measured by cytometric instrumentation. Fluorescence, as a physical parameter, plays a key role in the detection of probes on beads for multiplexed analysis. Cellular parameters can be classed as intrinsic or extrinsic. Intrinsic cellular parameters are those that can be measured without the use of a reagent; measurement of extrinsic parameters requires the use of reagents, which are almost always referred to as probes, thereby occasioning confusion among molecular biologists new to cytometry. Cellular parameters are also characterized as structural or functional; DNA and RNA content and the presence and copy number of an antigen or nucleic acid sequence are structural parameters, whereas internal pH, membrane potential, and enzyme activity are functional parameters. The distinction between structural and functional parameters blurs at the edge, but the concept has been generally useful. Fluorescent probes allow measurement of the widest variety of extrinsic cellular parameters. For an atom or molecule to fluoresce, it must first absorb a photon, raising an electron to a higher energy level that is known as an excited state. Excitation by absorption requires only about a femtosecond. Fluorescence occurs when the electron loses all or some of the absorbed energy by emission of a photon. The fluorescence lifetime, that is, the period between excitation and emission, is typically on the order of a few nanoseconds for fluorescent organic materials but is notably longer (hundreds of microseconds) for some materials (e.g., lanthanide chelates). In almost all cases, some of the excitation energy is lost nonradiatively by transitions between different vibrational energy levels of the electronic excited state; this loss requires that the emitted energy be less than the energy absorbed, meaning that the fluorescence emission will be at a longer wavelength than the excitation. The difference between the principal excitation and emission maxima in the fluorescence spectrum is known as the Stokes shift, honoring George Stokes, who first described fluorescence in the mid-1800s. Typical Stokes shifts are no more than a few tens of nanometers.
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van GORKOM, HANS. "Fluorescence Measurements in the Study of Photosystem II Electron Transport." In Light Emission by Plants and Bacteria, 267–89. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-294310-2.50016-0.

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Thomas, Michael E. "Experimental Techniques." In Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.003.0010.

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This chapter presents basic experimental techniques and various apparatus for measuring the complex index of refraction and related quantities. Generally, measurements of transmittance, reflectance, and emittance are made using spectrometers or lasers. Other important techniques, which measure directly the real refractive index, n, the absorption coefficient, βabs , and the scattering coefficient, βsca, such as interferometry, ellipsometers, calorimetry, and scatterometers, are also introduced. Ultimately, experimental procedures must be taught in the laboratory. Thus, devoting only one chapter to experimental technique and five to theory is not indicative of the importance of this fundamental topic. By discussing the measurement of basic optical parameters, it is intended that the concepts developed in the first five chapters will be reinforced. All of the theoretical models developed in the previous chapters contain measurable parameters. Basic theory often helps guide the design of a good experiment. Once data is available, it can be used to check the assumptions of the theory. This interplay between experiment and theory is an essential part of definitive work. The chapter has two main parts; the first covers measurements of the real and imaginary parts of the complex index of refraction and the second covers measurements of scattering. As established in Chapter 2, the characterization of bulk absorption mechanisms on optical propagation is accomplished by the complex index of refraction. Considerable effort was expended in Chapters 3, 4, and 5 to obtain models of the complex index. Thus, at this point, we wish to find ways to experimentally measure the complex index of refraction for various media. The broad-band spectral response of a medium is commonly measured by a spectrometer. There are two main types of spectrometers, dispersive and interferometric. Generally, spectrometers make broad-band transmission, emission, and reflection measurements, and therefore indirectly measure, n̄. Interferometric measurements, are the exception. Lasers, which feature narrow-band, high-intensity, highly directional light are often used to complement and calibrate broad-band spectrometer measurements. The highest accuracy measurements of the absorption coefficient are obtainable by laser techniques, which can directly measure the components of the complex index.
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Conference papers on the topic "Light emission measurement"

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Biber, Cathy. "LED Light Emission as a Function of Thermal Conditions." In 2008 Twenty-fourth Annual IEEE Semionductor Thermal Measurement and Management Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/stherm.2008.4509387.

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Tao, Mian, and S. W. Ricky Lee. "Transient light emission microscopy for detecting the non-uniform junction temperature in flip-chip light emitting diodes." In 2017 33rd Thermal Measurement, Modeling & Management Symposium (SEMI-THERM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/semi-therm.2017.7896944.

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Maruoka, Shoji, Yohei Mitsui, Shinpei Okawa, Yoko Hoshi, and Yukio Yamada. "Measurement of Fluorescence Properties in Light Scattering Medium." In ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajtec2011-44458.

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The purpose of this study is to measure the fluorescence properties of Indocyaninegreen (ICG) which is a fluorescence dye to be used as a fluorescence probe for the use of fluorescence imaging in biomedical applications. The fluorescence molecular imaging is expected to solve the issues in preclinical studies which require a lot of time, labors and sacrificed animals. Information of living body can be obtained by measuring the fluorescent properties of the probe in biological media. The absorption and emission spectra and the lifetime of ICG in non-scattering and scattering media were measured in this study. ICG was dissolved in water, in plasma, in Intralipid, and in a mixture of plasma and Intralipid to simulate the environment in living tissues. The absorption and emission spectra were measured using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. The fluorescence lifetimes were measured using a time-resolved measurement method. Results suggest that the fluorescent properties are affected by the reaction between ICG and biological tissues.
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Pucher, Ernst, and Jan Mueller. "Real-life Emission Measurement of Light Duty Trucks with CNG, Diesel and Gasoline Engines." In Future Transportation Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3445.

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Shoji, Hideo, Atsushi Saima, and Kazuyuki Shiino. "Simultaneous Measurement of Light Emission and Absorption Behavior of Unburned Gas During Knocking Operation." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/932754.

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Kelley, E. F., M. Nehmadi, R. E. Hebner, P. J. McKenny, and E. O. Forster. "Simultaneous measurement of light emission, current pulses and growth of prebreakdown streamers in hexane." In Conference on Electrical Insulation & Dielectric Phenomena — Annual Report 1987. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.1987.7736547.

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Wang, Jiaqi, Jeffery C. C. Lo, S. W. Ricky Lee, Feng Yun, and Mian Tao. "Modeling and Parametric Study of Light Scattering, Absorption and Emission of Phosphor in a White Light-Emitting Diode." In ASME 2015 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems collocated with the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2015-48664.

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In this study, we proposed and demonstrated an effective approach to model and predict spectral power distribution (SPD) for a phosphor-converted light emitting diode (pc-LED). For emission and excitation, broadband diffuse transmittances of 1 mm YAG:Ce phosphor plates with different concentrations were measured by a spectrophotometer. For emission, it was found that transmittance for all wavelengths was almost identical. This result indicates that emission spectrum prediction could be simplified by simulating the radiant power of the peak wavelength only. At the peak wavelength (560 nm), our simulation results, in which optical constants were calculated by the Lorenz-Mie theory, agreed well with our measurements. For excitation, a novel transmittance measurement setup based on an LED goniophotometer was proposed to obtain the absorption coefficient. By adjusting the optical parameter in our ray-tracing model to fit measured transmittances, accurate absorption coefficients were determined. Based on our calculation and measured optical parameters, we simulated the radiant power of the blue light and yellow light of commercial white LED packages. By expanding the total blue and yellow power into linear combinations of wavelengths in both regions, we successfully predicted the SPD of our LED package. Our predicted SPD has good agreement with the measured results.
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Porter, Matthew A., Johnathan Williams, Maeve Broeg, Keith Corzine, and Todd Weatherford. "Current and Temperature Measurement via Spectral Decomposition of Light Emission from a GaN Power Diode." In 2020 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apec39645.2020.9124317.

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Stellari, Franco, Peilin Song, John Sylvestri, Darrell Miles, Orazio Forlenza, and Donato Forlenza. "On-chip power supply noise measurement using Time Resolved Emission (TRE) waveforms of Light Emission from Off-State Leakage Current (LEOSLC)." In 2009 IEEE International Test Conference (ITC). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/test.2009.5355543.

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Rasras, Mahmoud, Ingrid De Wolf, Guido Groeseneken, Jian Chen, Karlheinz Bock, and Herman E. Maes. "Temperature Profile Measurement and Failure Characterization of ESD Protection Devices Using Spectroscopic Photon Emission Microscopy and Raman Spectroscopy." In ISTFA 1999. ASM International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1999p0069.

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Abstract In this paper, Photon Emission Microscopy (PEM) and micro-Raman Spectroscopy (μRS) are applied for temperature profile measurements and failure characterization in gg-nMOS ESD protection devices. The measurements were carried out in avalanche and snapback biasing conditions. A correlation between the temperature profile obtained by μRS and the light emission location, measured by PEM, is observed for non-degraded devices. In addition, ESD-degraded devices were studied. PEM, μRS, Spectroscopic Photon Emission Microscopy (SPEM) and electrical measurements were used to investigate the origin of the light emitted at the failure site. They showed that the light emission occurring at the failure site is due to impact ionization.
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Reports on the topic "Light emission measurement"

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Suzuki, Tsuyoshi, Takaki Itaya, Daisuke Kadowaki, Koji Yoshida, and Hideo Shoji. Combustion Analysis of Preflame Reaction Light Emission Behavior by Using Light Emission Measurement. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0514.

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Norbeck, J. M., T. D. Durbin, and T. J. Truex. Final report for measurement of primary particulate matter emissions from light-duty motor vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/755353.

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Petitt, G. A. Light particle emission measurements in heavy ion reactions: Progress report, June 1, 1988--May 31, 1989. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6360215.

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Stauffer, F. J., D. A. Boyd, R. C. Cutler, M. Diesso, M. P. McCarthy, J. Montague, and R. Rocco. Broadband measurements of electron cyclotron emission in TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) using a quasi-optical light collection system and a polarizing Michelson interferometer. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5093583.

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