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Journal articles on the topic 'Ligand systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Oszwałdowski, Sławomir, Katarzyna Zawistowska-Gibuła, and Kenneth Roberts. "Characterization of CdSe quantum dots with bidentate ligands by capillary electrophoresis." Open Chemistry 9, no. 4 (2011): 572–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-011-0037-3.

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AbstractThe CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with bidentate ligands: a-diimine (NN) and dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, particle size and capillary electrophoretic techniques. Two systems were analyzed: CdSe with one ligand (CdSe/ligand) and CdSe with two different ligands (CdSe//ligand1/ligand2), where ligand = α-diimine or DHLA. Hydrodynamic features of functionalized QDs were characterized by zone capillary electrophoretic (CZE), and particle size techniques and these methods were consistent. It was established that CZE, micellar (MEKC) and microemulsion (MEEK

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2

Ben-Shlomo, Izhar, Rami Rauch, Orna Avsian-Kretchmer, and Aaron J. W. Hsueh. "Matching Receptome Genes with Their Ligands for Surveying Paracrine/Autocrine Signaling Systems." Molecular Endocrinology 21, no. 8 (2007): 2009–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2007-0087.

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Abstract Sequencing of genomes from diverse organisms facilitates studies on the repertoire of genes involved in intercellular signaling. Extending previous efforts to annotate most human plasma membrane receptors in the Human Plasma Membrane Receptome database, we matched cognate ligands with individual receptors by surveying the published literature. In the updated online database we called “liganded receptome,” users can search for individual ligands or receptors to reveal their pairing partners and browse through receptor or ligand families to identify relationships between ligands and rec

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3

Zahid, Kanwal, Shazia Nisar, Saima Imad, Shazia Perveen, Shazia Ghaffar, and Nasreen Fatima. "Synthesis and Characterization of Homo and Mixed Ligand Complexes of Fe(III) with Hydroxypyridinone and Hydroxypyranone Type Ligands." Pakistan Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Series A: Physical Sciences 63, no. 1 (2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.phys.sci.63.1.2020.12.17.

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 Hydroxypyridinone and hydroxypyranone are known to be used for the treatment of iron overload by chelation therapy for a long time. Both the ligands have their own side effects when used as medicines. In the present study homo and mixed ligand complexes of both the ligands with iron were prepared and characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, Potentiometric study, IR spectroscopy, SEM/EDX and XRD. Overlay spectra obtained from UV-visible spectroscopy of our studied system show the formation of different types of species and confirm that mixed ligand complex is different from the oth

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4

Chen, Fang, Gangliang Huang, and Hualiang Huang. "Sugar ligand-mediated drug delivery." Future Medicinal Chemistry 12, no. 2 (2020): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2019-0114.

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Sugar ligand molecules, such as mannose, galactose and glucose, can bind to drug-delivery systems, making them targeted. These glycosylation ligands have the advantages of nontoxicity, no immunogenicity, good biocompatibility and biodegradation. They can be widely used in glycosylation-modified drug-delivery systems. Herein, the targeting mechanisms, synthesis methods and targeting characteristics of glycosylation-modified drug-delivery systems were reviewed.

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5

Denizli, Adil, and Erhan Pişkin. "Dye-ligand affinity systems." Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 49, no. 1-3 (2001): 391–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-022x(01)00209-3.

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6

Osguthorpe, D. J. "Modelling ligand-receptor systems." Neurochemistry International 21 (January 1992): S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(92)91742-f.

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7

Wang, K. "Biological metal ligand systems." Pure and Applied Chemistry 60, no. 8 (1988): 1279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac198860081279.

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8

LIANG, G., and Q. YAO. "Ce 4f-LIGAND DEHYBRIDIZATION IN CeT2X2-BASED KONDO LATTICE/HEAVY FERMION SYSTEMS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 19 (2002): 2815–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202011378.

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The lattice parameters of two CeT2X2 ( T =3d transition elements and X=Si and Ge) based Kondo lattice systems, the CeNi2-xCux Si2 and Ce(NiSi)2-x (CuGe)x, have been studied. The analysis of the Ce-ligand distances indicates that the variation of the a-parameter dominantly affects Ce 4f-X ligandn orbital hybridization whereas the variation of c-parameter dominantly affects Ce 4f-T ligand orbital hybridization. The average Ce-ligand distance varies linearly with x across the whole series in spite of the abnormal increase of the c-parameter in the region 1.6 ≤ x ≤ 2.0. Thus, our analysis shows th

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9

M., Sivasankaran Nair, and Subbalakshmi G. "Multiple equilibria involved in some nickel(II) mixed ligand complex systems containing catecholic and dipeptide ligands." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 77, Jan 2000 (2000): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5861391.

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Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627 012, India <em>Manuscript received 10 February 1999, accepted 9 July 1999</em> Multiple equilibrium studies on Ni<sup>II</sup>-dopamineklopa(A)-glycyl-L-tryosine and L-tyrosylglycine(B) systems show the formation of NiABH<sub>2</sub>, NiABH or NiAB mixed ligand complexes. The results indicate that dopa is ambidentate, i.e. in NiABH<sub>2</sub> species it binds the metal ion in a glycine-like mode, while it coordinates in a pyrocatecholic mode in NiABH and NiAB complexes. Dopamine(A) binds in a pyrocatech

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10

Martín-Mora, David, Matilde Fernández, Félix Velando, et al. "Functional Annotation of Bacterial Signal Transduction Systems: Progress and Challenges." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12 (2018): 3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123755.

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Bacteria possess a large number of signal transduction systems that sense and respond to different environmental cues. Most frequently these are transcriptional regulators, two-component systems and chemosensory pathways. A major bottleneck in the field of signal transduction is the lack of information on signal molecules that modulate the activity of the large majority of these systems. We review here the progress made in the functional annotation of sensor proteins using high-throughput ligand screening approaches of purified sensor proteins or individual ligand binding domains. In these ass

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11

Goßen, Jonas, Rui Pedro Ribeiro, Dirk Bier, et al. "AI-based identification of therapeutic agents targeting GPCRs: introducing ligand type classifiers and systems biology." Chemical Science 14 (July 24, 2023): 8651–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8425842.

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Identifying ligands targeting G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with novel chemotypes other than the physiological ligands is a challenge for <em>in silico</em> screening campaigns. Here we present an approach that identifies novel chemotype ligands by combining structural data with a random forest agonist/antagonist classifier and a signal-transduction kinetic model. As a test case, we apply this approach to identify novel antagonists of the human adenosine transmembrane receptor type 2A, an attractive target against Parkinson's disease and cancer. The identified antagonists w

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12

M., Sivasankaran Nair, and A. Neelakantan M. "Solution behaviour of mixed ligand complexes of nickel(II) involving penicillin group drugs and sulfur containing ligands under physiological conditions." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 77, Aug 2000 (2000): 373–75. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5868329.

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Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627 012. India Department of Chemistry, National Engineering College, K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti-628 503, India <em>Munuscript received 22 March 2000. accetped 23 April 2000</em> Analysis of the pH-titration data obtained in aqueous perchlorate medium at <em>37° </em>and <em>I = </em>0.15 mol din<sup>-3</sup> (NaCIO<sub>4</sub>) for Ni<sup>ll</sup>-A-B mixed ligand systems [A = 6apa or amp; B = cys, smc, pen or cya) shows the presence of mixed ligand complex species NiABH, NiAB and/or NiAB-<s

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13

Pann, J., H. Roithmeyer, W. Viertl, et al. "Phosphines in artificial photosynthesis: considering different aspects such as chromophores, water reduction catalysts (WRCs), water oxidation catalysts (WOCs), and dyads." Sustainable Energy & Fuels 3, no. 11 (2019): 2926–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9se00320g.

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Coordination complex systems containing phosphine ligands are used in artificial photosynthesis utilizing their unique stereoelectronic properties. Mono-, di- and tetraphosphines act as optimized ligand systems for complexation.

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Gorzsás, András, Ingegärd Andersson, and Lage Pettersson. "Speciation in aqueous vanadate–ligand and peroxovanadate–ligand systems." Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 103, no. 4 (2009): 517–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2008.12.006.

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15

Moreno, Maria João, Luís M. S. Loura, Jorge Martins, Armindo Salvador, and Adrian Velazquez-Campoy. "Analysis of the Equilibrium Distribution of Ligands in Heterogeneous Media–Approaches and Pitfalls." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 17 (2022): 9757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179757.

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The equilibrium distribution of small molecules (ligands) between binding agents in heterogeneous media is an important property that determines their activity. Heterogeneous systems containing proteins and lipid membranes are particularly relevant due to their prevalence in biological systems, and their importance to ligand distribution, which, in turn, is crucial to ligand’s availability and biological activity. In this work, we review several approaches and formalisms for the analysis of the equilibrium distribution of ligands in the presence of proteins, lipid membranes, or both. Special a

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16

M., Sivasankaran Nair, and A. Neelakantan M. "Ternary complexes of nickel(II) involving ampicillin and some potentially bi- and tridentate ligands." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 77, Aug 2000 (2000): 394–96. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5868994.

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Department of Chemistry, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli-627 012, India Department of Chemistry, National Engineering College, K. R. Nagar, Kovilpatti-628 503. India <em>Manuscript received 1 September 1999. revised 4 January 2000, accepted 1 April 2000</em> The multiple equilibrium studies involved in the Ni<sup>II</sup>-ampicillin (amp)(A)-1,2-diaminopropane, 1,3-diaminopropane, DL,-2,3- diaminopropionic acid, DL-2,4-diaminobutyric acid and DL-2,5-diaminovaleric acid(B) systems show the presence of NiABH<sub>2</sub>, NiABH. NiAB and NiABH<sub>-1</sub> terna

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17

Davis, Carol A., Jeong Kim, Leonard F. Lindoy, Seong-Hwa Lee, and Anthony J. Leong. "Macrocyclic Ligand Design. Structure - Function Relationships Underlying the Interaction of Zinc(II), Cadmium(II), Silver(I) and Lead(II) with Mixed-Donor Macrocyclic Ligands." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 3 (1998): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97188.

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An investigation of the interaction of zinc(II), cadmium(II), silver(I) and lead(II) with a series of mixed-donor dibenzo-substituted macrocyclic ligands, incorporating O2N3-, O2N4-, O3N2-, O3N3-, O4N2- and O2N3S-donor sets, has been carried out. The log K values for the respective complexes in 95% methanol (I = 0·1; Et4NClO4, 25°C) have been determined potentiometrically. All ligands form 1 : 1 (metal/ligand) complexes with the above metal ions although in isolated cases species of type MLH2+ were also observed. An investigation of the effect of variation of ligand structure on the respective

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18

Jiménez-Pérez, Alondra, Sara Marcos-Gómez, Gotzon Madariaga, et al. "Thiosemicarbazonecopper/Halido Systems: Structure and DFT Analysis of the Magnetic Coupling." Inorganics 11, no. 1 (2023): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11010031.

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Experimental magnetic studies performed on the [{CuLX}2] system (HL = pyridine-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone, X = Cl−, Br−, I−) point to the larger electronegativity in X, the lower magnitude of the antiferromagnetic interactions. In order to confirm this and other trends observed and to dip into them, computational studies on the [{CuLX}2] (X = Cl− (1), I− (2)) compounds are here reported. The chemical and structural comparisons have been extended to the compounds obtained in acid medium. In this regard, chlorido ligands yield the [Cu(HL)Cl2]∙H2O (3) complex, whose crystal structure shows

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19

Ferrer, E. G., P. A. M. Williams, and E. J. Baran. "Interaction of the Vanadyl(IV) Cation with L-Ascorbic Acid and Related Systems." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 53, no. 2 (1998): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1998-0220.

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Abstract The interaction of VO2+ with L-ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid was investigated by electronic spectroscopy in solution at different pH values. In the case of ascorbic acid, two different solid complexes containing one or two monodeprotonated ascorbate ligands could be isolated and characterized. With dehydroascorbic acid, interaction begins at pH = 4 but at higher pH values the ligand is hydrolysed irreversibly, generating 2,3-diketogulonic acid. A solid complex containing this ligand could be precipitated at pH = 7. Its spectroscopic behavior confirms the interaction of the ca

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20

Li, Long, Yudie Zhang, and Jizeng Wang. "Effects of ligand distribution on receptor-diffusion-mediated cellular uptake of nanoparticles." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 5 (2017): 170063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170063.

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Biophysical-factor-dependent cellular uptake of nanoparticles (NPs) through receptor-diffusion-mediated endocytosis bears significance in pathology, cellular immunity and drug-delivery systems. Advanced nanotechnology of NP synthesis provides methods for modifying NP surface with different ligand distributions. However, no report discusses effects of ligand distribution on NP surface on receptor-diffusion-mediated cellular uptake. In this article, we used a statistical dynamics model of receptor-diffusion-mediated endocytosis to examine ligand-distribution-dependent cellular uptake dynamics by

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Jones, Dafydd D. L., Samuel Watts та Cameron Jones. "Synthesis and Characterization of Super Bulky β-Diketiminato Group 1 Metal Complexes". Inorganics 9, № 9 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics9090072.

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Sterically bulky β-diketiminate (or Nacnac) ligand systems have recently shown the ability to kinetically stabilize highly reactive low-oxidation state main group complexes. Metal halide precursors to such systems can be formed via salt metathesis reactions involving alkali metal complexes of these large ligand frameworks. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of lithium and potassium complexes of the super bulky anionic β-diketiminate ligands, known [TCHPNacnac]− and new [TCHP/DipNacnac]− (ArNacnac = [(ArNCMe)2CH]−) (Ar = 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenyl (TCHP) or 2,6-diisopropylpheny

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22

Leng, Qixin, Martin C. Woodle, and A. James Mixson. "Targeted Delivery of siRNA Therapeutics to Malignant Tumors." Journal of Drug Delivery 2017 (November 9, 2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6971297.

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Over the past 20 years, a diverse group of ligands targeting surface biomarkers or receptors has been identified with several investigated to target siRNA to tumors. Many approaches to developing tumor-homing peptides, RNA and DNA aptamers, and single-chain variable fragment antibodies by using phage display, in vitro evolution, and recombinant antibody methods could not have been imagined by researchers in the 1980s. Despite these many scientific advances, there is no reason to expect that the ligand field will not continue to evolve. From development of ligands based on novel or existing bio

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Borówko, Małgorzata, and Tomasz Staszewski. "Adsorption on Ligand-Tethered Nanoparticles." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16 (2021): 8810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168810.

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We use coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to study adsorption on ligand-tethered particles. Nanoparticles with attached flexible and stiff ligands are considered. We discuss how the excess adsorption isotherm, the thickness of the polymer corona, and its morphology depend on the number of ligands, their length, the size of the core, and the interaction parameters. We investigate the adsorption-induced structural transitions of polymer coatings. The behavior of systems involving curved and flat “brushes” is compared.

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Zia, Adil, Yuao Wu, Tuan Nguyen, Xiaowei Wang, Karlheinz Peter, and Hang T. Ta. "The choice of targets and ligands for site-specific delivery of nanomedicine to atherosclerosis." Cardiovascular Research 116, no. 13 (2020): 2055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cvr/cvaa047.

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Abstract As nanotechnologies advance into clinical medicine, novel methods for applying nanomedicine to cardiovascular diseases are emerging. Extensive research has been undertaken to unlock the complex pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. However, this complexity presents challenges to develop effective imaging and therapeutic modalities for early diagnosis and acute intervention. The choice of ligand-receptor system vastly influences the effectiveness of nanomedicine. This review collates current ligand-receptor systems used in targeting functionalized nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment o

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25

Marsh, Lorraine. "Strong Ligand-Protein Interactions Derived from Diffuse Ligand Interactions with Loose Binding Sites." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/746980.

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Many systems in biology rely on binding of ligands to target proteins in a single high-affinity conformation with a favorableΔG. Alternatively, interactions of ligands with protein regions that allow diffuse binding, distributed over multiple sites and conformations, can exhibit favorableΔGbecause of their higher entropy. Diffuse binding may be biologically important for multidrug transporters and carrier proteins. A fine-grained computational method for numerical integration of total bindingΔGarising from diffuse regional interaction of a ligand in multiple conformations using a Markov Chain

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Seema, Kumari Yadav, Upadhayaya (Dwivedi) Neerja, Nair (Ahuja) R., and Dwivedi K. "Solution study of ternary systems involving transition metals, dipeptide and catecholic ligands." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 88, Oct 2011 (2011): 1599–603. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5790685.

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School of Studies in Chemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior-474 011, Madhya Pradesh, India <em>E-mail</em>: seema_chem@rediffmail.com vijaya Raje Govt. Girls P.G. College, Morar, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India <em>Manuscript received 08 June 2010, revised 08 March 2011, accepted 09 March 2011</em> Glycylglycine (Giygly), L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and L-tyrosine (Tyr) are three important ligands in biological systems. In order to draw inference on their complexation behaviour, solution studies in mixed ligand systems involving these ligands with Ni<sup>II</sup>, Co<sup>II</sup> and Cd<

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27

Williams, Mobolaji. "Derangement model of ligand-receptor binding." Computational and Mathematical Biophysics 10, no. 1 (2022): 123–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cmb-2022-0137.

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Abstract We introduce a derangement model of ligand-receptor binding that allows us to quantitatively frame the question “How can ligands seek out and bind to their optimal receptor sites in a sea of other competing ligands and suboptimal receptor sites?” To answer the question, we first derive a formula to count the number of partial generalized derangements in a list, thus extending the derangement result of Gillis and Even. We then compute the general partition function for the ligand-receptor system and derive the equilibrium expressions for the average number of bound ligands and the aver

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Pieroni, Michele, Francesco Madeddu, Jessica Di Martino, et al. "MD–Ligand–Receptor: A High-Performance Computing Tool for Characterizing Ligand–Receptor Binding Interactions in Molecular Dynamics Trajectories." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 14 (2023): 11671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241411671.

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Molecular dynamics simulation is a widely employed computational technique for studying the dynamic behavior of molecular systems over time. By simulating macromolecular biological systems consisting of a drug, a receptor and a solvated environment with thousands of water molecules, MD allows for realistic ligand–receptor binding interactions (lrbi) to be studied. In this study, we present MD–ligand–receptor (MDLR), a state-of-the-art software designed to explore the intricate interactions between ligands and receptors over time using molecular dynamics trajectories. Unlike traditional static

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29

Caspers, Nicole L., Seungil Han, Francis Rajamohan, et al. "Development of a high-throughput crystal structure-determination platform for JAK1 using a novel metal-chelator soaking system." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 72, no. 11 (2016): 840–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x16016356.

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Crystals of phosphorylated JAK1 kinase domain were initially generated in complex with nucleotide (ADP) and magnesium. The tightly bound Mg2+-ADP at the ATP-binding site proved recalcitrant to ligand displacement. Addition of a molar excess of EDTA helped to dislodge the divalent metal ion, promoting the release of ADP and allowing facile exchange with ATP-competitive small-molecule ligands. Many kinases require the presence of a stabilizing ligand in the ATP site for crystallization. This procedure could be useful for developing co-crystallization systems with an exchangeable ligand to enable

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30

Yang, Dongdong, Xiaxia Liu, Liping Lu, and Miaoli Zhu. "Effects of two different solvents on the syntheses, structural diversity, and magnetic properties of six Mn(ii) complexes derived from 3,3′-((5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))dibenzoate and variable N-donor ligands." CrystEngComm 22, no. 46 (2020): 8088–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01383h.

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Six Mn(ii) complexes of the 3,3′-((5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))dibenzoate ligand in two different solvent systems with variable N-donor ligands were obtained and showed different structures and magnetic properties.

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Jeffrey, Polly-Anne, Martín López-García, Mario Castro, Grant Lythe, and Carmen Molina-París. "On Exact and Approximate Approaches for Stochastic Receptor-Ligand Competition Dynamics—An Ecological Perspective." Mathematics 8, no. 6 (2020): 1014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8061014.

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Cellular receptors on the cell membrane can bind ligand molecules in the extra-cellular medium to form ligand-bound monomers. These interactions ultimately determine the fate of a cell through the resulting intra-cellular signalling cascades. Often, several receptor types can bind a shared ligand leading to the formation of different monomeric complexes, and in turn to competition for the common ligand. Here, we describe competition between two receptors which bind a common ligand in terms of a bi-variate stochastic process. The stochastic description is important to account for fluctuations i

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32

Biswas, Arpita. "A Brief Review on Homo-/Hetero-nuclear Co-ordination Compounds Derived from Some Single Compartmentl Acyclic Schiff Base Ligands having N-,O-Donor Centres." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 38, no. 4 (2022): 957–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/380417.

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Tetradentate acyclic compartmental Schiff base ligand with N2O2 compartment afford suitable coordination environment for large variety of metal ions. This type of ligands can easily be synthesized by [2+1] condensation of a carbonyl compounds with a diamine. Several metal complexes have been reported from the single- and double-compartment acyclic Schiff base ligands which are the [2+1] condensation products of salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 3-methoxysalicylaldehyde, 3-ethoxysalicylaldehyde and a diamine; The diamine counterpart in these ligands are ethylenediamine, 1,3-diaminopropane

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33

Oldenhof, Sander, Martin Lutz, Bas de Bruin, Jarl Ivar van der Vlugt, and Joost N. H. Reek. "Dehydrogenation of formic acid by Ir–bisMETAMORPhos complexes: experimental and computational insight into the role of a cooperative ligand." Chemical Science 6, no. 2 (2015): 1027–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sc02555e.

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The synthesis of Ir-complexes with three bisMETAMORPhos ligands is reported. The activity of these systems towards HCOOH dehydrogenation and the dual role of the ligand during catalysis is discussed, using spectroscopic and computational methods.

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Li, Peiyi, Birte Ahrens, Ka-Ho Choi, et al. "Metal–metal and ligand–ligand interactions in gold poly-yne systems." CrystEngComm 4, no. 69 (2002): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b202283d.

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Chernova, R. K., and S. N. Shtykov. "Hydrophobic ligand-ligand interactions in multicomponent systems and their analytical significance." Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 335, no. 1 (1989): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00482402.

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Shave, S. R., P. Taylor, M. Walkinshaw, L. Smith, J. Hardy, and A. Trew. "Ligand discovery on massively parallel systems." IBM Journal of Research and Development 52, no. 1.2 (2008): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1147/rd.521.0057.

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37

Kuzu, Istemi, Ivo Krummenacher, Jens Meyer, Felix Armbruster, and Frank Breher. "Multidentate ligand systems featuring dual functionality." Dalton Transactions, no. 43 (2008): 5836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b808347a.

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Vogler, Arnd, and Horst Kunkely. "Optical Ligand to Ligand Charge Transfer of Metal Complexes Including Ligand-Based Mixed-Valence Systems." Comments on Inorganic Chemistry 9, no. 3-4 (1990): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02603599008035810.

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Walser, Reto, Jörg H. Kleinschmidt, Arne Skerra та Oliver Zerbe. "β-Barrel scaffolds for the grafting of extracellular loops from G-protein-coupled receptors". Biological Chemistry 393, № 11 (2012): 1341–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2012-0234.

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Abstract Owing to the difficulties in production and purification of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), relatively little structural information is available about this class of receptors. Here we aim at developing small chimeric proteins, displaying the extracellular ligand-binding motifs of a human GPCR, the Y receptor. This allows the study of ligand-receptor interactions in simplified systems. We present comprehensive information on the use of transmembrane (OmpA) and soluble (Blc) β-barrel scaffolds. Whereas Blc appeared to be not fully compatible with our approach, owing to problems wi

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K., Hussain Reddy, and Sambasiva Reddy P. "Synthesis and spectral characterization of mixed ligand zinc(II) complexes with heteroaromatic thiosemicarbazones and pyridine/picoline." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 79, Feb 2002 (2002): 132–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5841022.

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Department of Chemistry, Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Anantapur-515 003, India <em>Fax : </em>91-08554-29043 <em>Manuscript received 14 September 2000, revised 3 July 2001, accepted 14 July 2001</em> Mixed ligand complexes of zinc(n) with thiocarbamic acid [(thiophene-2-yl)methylene]hydrazide (TTMH) and thiocarbamic acid [(thiophene-2-yl)ethylideneThydrazide (TTEH) as primary ligands and pyridine (py) and 4-picoline (pie) as secondary ligands have been prepared. The primary ligands act as bidentate ligands in all the zinc complexes. The parent compounds, [Zn(TTMH)C12] and [Zn(TTEH)C12] are

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Mierke, Dale F., and Maria Pellegrini. "Parathyroid Hormone and Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein: Model Systems for the Development of an Osteoporosis Therapy." Current Pharmaceutical Design 5, no. 1 (1999): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612805666230109195250.

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The parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a vital role in the homeostasis of calcium within the blood stream. Given its unique ability to increase bone density, an understanding of the molecular mechanism by which the hormone is recognized and binds to its receptor should provide targets for the development of PTH based, anabolic agents for the treatment of osteoporosis. Parathyroid hormone related protein (PTHrP), a genetically and structurally distinct hormone which displays similar binding and activation profiles as PTH, has greatly facilitated the effort to establish a structure-biological func

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Cavell, KJ. "Metal Chelate Systems as Catalysts for Olefin and Carbon Monoxide Conversion Reactions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 5 (1994): 769. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940769.

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The application of non-phosphine-based chelating ligands in homogeneous catalyst systems is a surprisingly recent and relatively unexplored area of research. Chelating ligands can concurrently stabilize intermediates, control catalyst activity and direct the product distribution far more effectively than monodentate ligands. In this review our studies with catalyst systems containing chelate ligands primarily of the β-diketonate type [dithio-β-diketonate (sacsac); monothio-β-diketonate (sacac); and imino β-diketonate (nacac) ligands] is discussed. Examples of the catalyst systems show enzyme-l

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Gipson, Kyle, Brett Ellerbrock, Kathryn Stevens, Phil Brown, and John Ballato. "Light-Emitting Polymer Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/386503.

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Inorganic nanoparticles doped with optically active rare-earth ions and coated with organic ligands were synthesized in order to create fluorescent polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites. Two different aromatic ligands (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA and 2-picolinic acid, PA) were utilized in order to functionalize the surface of Tb3+ : LaF3nanocrystals. The selected aromatic ligand systems were characterized using infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, rheological measurements, and optical spectroscopy. Nanoparticles producedin situwith the PMMA contained on average 10 wt% loading of Tb3+

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Martin, Stephen F. "Preorganization in biological systems: Are conformational constraints worth the energy?" Pure and Applied Chemistry 79, no. 2 (2007): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200779020193.

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It is generally assumed that preorganizing a flexible ligand in the three-dimensional shape it adopts when bound to a macromolecular receptor will provide a derivative having an increased binding affinity, primarily because the rigidified molecule is expected to benefit from a lesser entropic penalty during complexation. We now provide the first experimental evidence that demonstrates this common belief is not universally true. Indeed, we find that ligand preorganization may be accompanied by an unfavorable entropy of binding, even when the constrained ligand exhibits a higher binding affinity

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Paulmurugan, Ramasamy, Anobel Tamrazi, John A. Katzenellenbogen, Benita S. Katzenellenbogen та Sanjiv S. Gambhir. "A Human Estrogen Receptor (ER)α Mutation with Differential Responsiveness to Nonsteroidal Ligands: Novel Approaches for Studying Mechanism of ER Action". Molecular Endocrinology 22, № 7 (2008): 1552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2007-0570.

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Abstract Estrogens, acting through the estrogen receptors (ERs), play crucial roles in regulating the function of reproductive and other systems under physiological and pathological conditions. ER activity in regulating target genes is modulated by the binding of both steroidal and synthetic nonsteroidal ligands, with ligand binding inducing ERs to adopt various conformations that control their interactions with transcriptional coregulators. Previously, we developed an intramolecular folding sensor with a mutant form of ERα (ERG521T) that proved to be essentially unresponsive to the endogenous

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Duchardt-Ferner, Elke, Michael Juen, Benjamin Bourgeois, et al. "Structure of an RNA aptamer in complex with the fluorophore tetramethylrhodamine." Nucleic Acids Research 48, no. 2 (2019): 949–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkz1113.

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Abstract RNA aptamers—artificially created RNAs with high affinity and selectivity for their target ligand generated from random sequence pools—are versatile tools in the fields of biotechnology and medicine. On a more fundamental level, they also further our general understanding of RNA-ligand interactions e. g. in regard to the relationship between structural complexity and ligand affinity and specificity, RNA structure and RNA folding. Detailed structural knowledge on a wide range of aptamer–ligand complexes is required to further our understanding of RNA–ligand interactions. Here, we prese

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Throckmorton, Linda, and Dennis S. Marynick. "Ligand exchange in (.eta.5-cyclopentadienyl)nickel ligand systems: a theoretical study." Journal of Physical Chemistry 92, no. 3 (1988): 645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100314a016.

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Chen, Cheng, Yang Miao, Kimmy De Winter, et al. "Ruthenium-Based Catalytic Systems Incorporating a Labile Cyclooctadiene Ligand with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Precursors for the Atom-Economic Alcohol Amidation Using Amines." Molecules 23, no. 10 (2018): 2413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102413.

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Transition-metal-catalyzed amide-bond formation from alcohols and amines is an atom-economic and eco-friendly route. Herein, we identified a highly active in situ N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)/ruthenium (Ru) catalytic system for this amide synthesis. Various substrates, including sterically hindered ones, could be directly transformed into the corresponding amides with the catalyst loading as low as 0.25 mol.%. In this system, we replaced the p-cymene ligand of the Ru source with a relatively labile cyclooctadiene (cod) ligand so as to more efficiently obtain the corresponding poly-carbene Ru s

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Zarate, Ximena, Eduardo Schott, Emilio Bunel, Juan M. Manríquez, and Ivonne Chávez. "Study of the Molecular Properties of Mono- and Binuclear Metal s-Indacenyl Complexes with Ir, Rh, and Re: A Theoretical Approach." Journal of Chemistry 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9101720.

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Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on a new family of mono- and bimetallic complexes, containing 4,8-([10]paracyclophane)-1,5-dihydro-s-indacene as the bridging ligand between the two metallic centers and different ancillary ligands. The s-indacene was blocked by substitution of the central benzene ring with the [10]paracyclophane to obtain the syn-conformations. This would force the metallic centers to be close together. It is proposed, due to the calculated molecular and electronic properties such as the reactivity indexes, the delocalized nature of the s-indacenyl l

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Chandra, Paul Ganesh. "Catalytic Applications of Transition Metal Complexes Based on o-Aminophenol Ligands." Der Pharma Chemica 14, no. 11 (2022): 11. https://doi.org/10.4172/0975-413X.14.11.14-24.

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Aminophenol based ligands have had a tremendous and continually growing impact on catalysis research. Their utility spans over a number of areas including homogeneous catalysis, small molecule activation, carbon dioxide reduction, and hydrogen evolution processes. For the development of a catalyst metal-ligand covalency is necessary via mutual cooperation and strong electronic coupling between a metal center and coordinating ligands. The role of o-aminophenol based ligands in different metabolic/enzymatic reactions in biological systems is now well documented. Their application is now expandin

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