Dissertations / Theses: 'Ligan'

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Gutschke, Siegfried O. H. "Solvothermal synthesis of coordination solids." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327491.

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Orts, Julien. "Caractérisation des interactions entre ligands et protéines par RMN en solution." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENY011.

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Un des buts de la recherche pharmaceutique est l'inhibition de protéines avec l'aide de petites molécules (ligands). L'une des phases clefs de ce procédé est la détermination du mode d'interaction entre un ligand et son récepteur. Cette tâche peut être entravée par l'absence de structure du complexe protéine-ligand. C'est pour répondre à ce besoin que nous présentons dans ce travail de thèse, une méthode capable de déterminer la structure de complexes protéine-ligands. Dans la méthode INPHARMA (Inter-ligands Nuclear Overhauser Effect for Pharmacophore Mapping), les inter-ligands NOEs (INPHARMA NOEs) sont utilisés pour déterminer l'orientation relative de deux ligands qui interagissent de manière compétitive avec un même récepteur. Cette nouvelle approche ouvre la voie à des applications pharmaceutiques, également au stade initial du développement, quand l'information structurale via la cristallographie par Rayons X est difficile d'accès
In the process of structure-based drug design, the provision of the binding mode of ligands to the cellular receptor of interest is essential. This can suffer from limited access to protein/ligand structures, especially for the low affinity ligands that are commonly obtained from high throughput screening or fragment based lead discovery. In a common scenario crystal structures are available for one or several ligands but not for all chemical series of actual interest. Here, we present a new, NMR-based approach that allows overcoming this limitation. In the INPHARMA method interligand NOEs (Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement) are utilized to determine relative orientations of different chemical fragments binding competitively to a common receptor site. This novel methodology opens the way to the application of structure-based drug design already in an early stage of drug development, when structural information via crystallography is of difficult access

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Dasti, Alessandro 1988. "Role of the STAR proteins in early mammalian development and pluripotency." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668409.

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The molecular basis that sustain embryonic stem cell (ESCs) pluripotency and their differentiation in all the types of somatic cells is subject of intensive research. Recently, the potential involvement of RNA Binding Proteins (RBPs) in this process started to gain high interest for many researchers. RBPs can shuttle between the cytoplasm and the nucleus to associate with nascent RNAs and regulate their fate at different posttranscriptional levels (splicing & maturation, nuclear export and transport, translation, stability, storage and degradation). The signal transduction and activation of RNA (STAR) is a family of RBPs that consists of 5 members that are evolutionally conserved and share a common structural domain. With this PhD project, we aim at understanding the role of two members of the STAR protein family, namely Sam68 and Quaking, in both mESCs pluripotency and differentiation in particular toward the cardiomyocyte lineage.
Els mecanismes moleculars que sostènen la pluripotència i la diferenciació de les cèl·lules mares embrionàries són un camp de intensa recerca. Recentement, el potencial rol de les proteïnes que lliguen els ARNs (RBPs) està prenent molt interés per a molts investigadors. Les RBPs es poden traslladar entre el nucli i citoplasma per associar-se amb els ARNs neixents regualnt els seus destins a diferents nivells post-transcriptionals (splicing i maduració, exportació nuclear i transport, tradució, regulació de la estabilitat i la degradació). La família de proteïnes STAR (signal and trasduction and activation of RNA) está formada per cinc proteïnes que estan conservades a nivell evolutiu i totes comparteixen el mateix domini estructural. En aquest projecte doctoral volem entendre el rol de dos membres d’aquesta familia de proteïnes, anomenades Sam68 i Quaking, en la pluripotència de les cèl·lules mares i en la seva diferenciació en particular cap a cardiomiocits.

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Oliveira, Rogério Alves. "O forjamento de ligas de alumínio : um estudo para a liga ABNT 6061." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/2302.

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Este trabalho pretende, na visão de novas tecnologias, discutir o processo de forjamento das ligas de alumínio (ABNT 6061), buscando propor uma metodologia baseada na ciência da engenharia. Deseja-se minimizar os procedimentos de tentativa e erro no desenvolvimento de processos de conformação. Para tanto, novas tecnologias disponíveis atualmente, tais como o Projeto Assistido por Computador (CAD), a Fabricação Assistida por Computador (CAM) e a Simulação do Processo (CAE) são empregadas. Resultados experimentais mostrando o comportamento da liga ABNT 6061 através das curvas de escoamento bem como o estabelecimento da condição do atrito no processo de conformação, avaliando dois lubrificantes comerciais disponíveis (Deltaforge 31 e Oildag) para aplicações nas ligas de alumínio, são reportados neste trabalho. A comparação dos resultados obtidos de um experimento prático de forjamento com a simulação pelo “Método dos Elementos Finitos” usando o código “QForm” é apresentada para uma peça de simetria axial em liga de alumínio. Finalmente, os resultados obtidos no forjamento de um componente automotivo em liga de alumínio (ABNT 6061), desenvolvido em parceria com a empresa Dana, são analisados e comparados com as simulações computacionais realizadas usando o código “Superforge”.
This work intends, on the view of new technologies, to discuss the forging process of aluminum alloys (ABNT 6061) and aims at proposing a methodology based on the engineering science. It is desired to minimize trial and error procedures in the development of forming processes. For such, new technologies available today, such as Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) are employed. Experimental results showing the behaviour of an ABNT 6061 through flow curves as well as the establishment of friction conditions in the forming process by evaluating two commercially-available lubricants (c.e., Deltaforge 31 and Oildag) for aluminum alloys applications are reported in this work. A comparision of the results obtained from a forging experiment with finite element method (F.E.M.) simulations using “QForm” code is presented for an axially-simmetric part made of aluminum alloy. Finally, forging results of an automotive component made of an aluminum alloy (ABNT 6061) developed in partnership with DANA, area analyzed and compared to F.E.M. computational simulations obtained through the SuperForge software.

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Ribau, Humberto Miranda. "Soldadura laser pulsado Nd: YAG entre metais dissimulares." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23358.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Mecânica
A presente investigação consiste no estudo experimental das propriedades mecânicas induzidas pela soldadura laser em chapas de materiais metálicos dissimilares, nomeadamente, aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 600 com aço de alta resistência dual-phase (DP) 1000 e liga de alumínio AA6060-T6 com liga de titânio Ti-6Al-4V. No caso dos aços dual-phase, o estudo foi realizado em amostras de 0,8 mm de espessura, numa junta do tipo topo a topo. Após a seleção dos parâmetros mais adequados para a soldadura, foram efetuados ensaios de tração aos provetes soldados, com o objetivo de determinar as propriedades mecânicas e avaliar a influência dos parâmetros do laser. Em relação à ligação de alumínio com titânio, esta foi feita numa junta de sobreposição dupla em amostras de 1,9 e 0,9 mm de espessura, respetivamente. Do mesmo modo que os aços, foram também variados os parâmetros do laser, de modo a se obter os mais adequados, para posteriormente se efetuar ensaios de tração. Variou-se também o sítio onde o feixe laser incide na junta de sobreposição para melhor avaliar a soldadura.
The aim of this thesis consists of an experimental study of the mechanical properties induced by the laser welding in dissimilar metal, namely, dual-phase steel 600 with dual-phase steel 1000 and aluminium alloy AA6060-T6 with titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V. In the case of the dual-phase steels, the study was carried out on 0,8 mm plates, in a butt joint type. After selecting the most appropriate parameters for the welding, tensile tests were performed on welded specimens with the purpose to find the mechanical properties and evaluate the influence of the laser parameters. The aluminium - titanium union was accomplished on a double-lap joint on 1,9 mm and 0,9 mm plates, respectively. Just like the situation of the steels, the laser parameters were too varied with aim to obtain the most appropriate parameters, to later perform tensile tests. It was also changed the place where the laser beam impacts on the specimen, to better analyse the welding.

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Alves, Ana Paula Rosifini. "Crescimento unidirecional da liga CBr4/CLC16, um modelo de analise da solidificação de ligas euteticas." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265294.

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Orientador: Rubens Caram Junior
Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica
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Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, uma classe de materiais designados como "compositos", teve sua importância elevada dentro de aplicações envolvendo alta tecnologia. Uma técnica bastante eficiente na produção destes materiais, consiste no emprego da solidificação direcional de ligas de composição eutética, o que resulta em materiais com elevada estabilidade técnica, além de propriedades magnéticas, óticas e elétricas. Durante o crescimento de ligas eutéticas binárias, existe a formação de duas fases sólidas, com um processo de segregação de soluto bastante peculiar. Para crescer, uma das fases necessita diminuir a quantidade inicial de um dos componentes no líquido, e aumentar a concentração do outro componente, ocorrendo um processo similar com a outra fase. Este fato ocasiona um gradiente de composição paralelo à interface sólido/líquido, originando um fluxo de massa normal à direção do crescimento, que por sua vez determinará a composição no liquido próximo à interface sólido/líquido e a microestrutura final. Existem, no entanto, alguns parâmetros do processo (convecção, gradiente técnico) que podem alterar profundamente o crescimento desta liga. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a investigação de parâmetros que influenciam o crescimento unidirecional de ligas eutéticas lamelares. Tal estudo foi implementado através do desenvolvimento de um conjunto experimental que permite o processamento de compostos orgânicos transparentes e de solidificação análoga a de metais. Basicamente, este conjunto experimental é dividido em duas partes: o Sistema de aquecimento e refrigeração e o sistema de observação e movimentação de amostras. Através da observação de amostras constituídas por tais compostos orgânicos, capazes de simular vários tipos de ligas, foi possível estabelecer a influência de diversos parâmetros do processo, como a convecção imposta arficialmente, a taxa de solidificação e o gradiente técnico na interface sólido/liquido. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir, por exemplo, que existe uma relação bem definida, durante o crescimento, entre a velocidade de crescimento e o espaçamento lamelar. Quanto à estabilidade da interface do crescimento lamelar, observou-se que o gradiente técnico na interface solido/líquido pode influenciar diretamente a mesma, e que a presença de fluxos convectivos pode prolongar a manutenção do crescimento eutético regular
Abstract: The importance of composite materials for high technology applications increased remarkably during the past decades. Directional solidification of eutectic alloys is a very efficient technique for production of these materials, yielding high thermal stability composites with interesting magnetic, optic and eletric properties. Because of a peculiar solute segregation process two solids phases are formed in binary eutectic alloys growth. ln one of the phases the initial concentration of one component of the liquid decreases while the concentration of the other component increases. A similar process occurs to the other solid phase leading to a compositional gradient parallel to the solid/liquid interface. This provides a mass flux perpendicular to the growth direction that will determine the liquid composition near the solid/liquid interface and the final microstructure. The main goal of this work was to investigate the influence of directional solidification parameters during the growth of lamellar eutectic alloys. ln order to perform such simulation, an experimetal setup was assembled. To simulate the solidification of metals, transparent organic compound alloys were processed. This simulation allows one to study several process parameters, such as forced convection, solidification rate, and interface thermal gradient. The obtained results led to a well defined relationship between growth velocity and lamellar spacing. Also, the lamellar-growth stability was found to have intimate relation to the solid/liquid interface thermal gradient and, convective flux presence can improve the eutectic growth
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Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Köster, Randolfo Christiano. "Brasagem com liga prata-cobre-cádmio e soldagem por resistência de ligas de ferro sinterizadas." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 1998. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/1611.

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A metalurgia do pó tem vindo de encontro as necessidades de redução de processos de manufatura convencionais. Em muitas circunstancias, no entanto a união de peças produzidas por metalurgia do pó necessitam ser unidas às mesmas ou a materiais manufaturados por processo como parafusamento rebitagem e soldagem. Opresente trabalho é uma investigação experimental da soldabilidade por resistência e brasagem com liga Bag2 de ligas ferrosinterizadas. Os experimentos conduzidos visam traçar um comparativo entre as peças obtidas por processo de manufatura normais que envolvem usinagem e a metalurgia do pó. Para tanto, optou-se por reduzir um componente manufaturado e submete-lo às mesmas condições de soldabilidade e brasagem. Uma matriz de compactação simples efeito foi desenvolvida para obtenção dos componentes sinterizados. Devido à aplicação do componente de estudo na parte estrutural de um compressor hermético, testes de estanqueidade foram desenvolvidos à pressão de 20 bar. Os resultados dos testes de brasagem e soldagem por resistência foram muito satisfatório, estando de acordo com a literatura existente no aspecto da metalurgia do pó, foram insatisfatórios quando aplicada a componentes sem tratamento superficial que pudesse selar as porosidades interconectadas.

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Opini, Victor Carvalho 1988. "Preparação, processamento e caracterização de ligas de titânio com alta resistência mecânica baseadas na liga Ti-5553." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263158.

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Orientador: Rubens Caram Júnior
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Em segmentos industriais bastante distintos como o aeroespacial e o médico, o uso de titânio e suas ligas na fabricação de dispositivos tem aumentado de forma consistente nos últimos anos. O emprego desse metal de forma tão diversificada, seja em motores a jatos ou em implantes ortopédicos, se deve a suas características únicas, ou seja, elevada resistência mecânica, baixa densidade, alta resistência à corrosão e ótima biocompatibilidade. Estudos realizados nos últimos anos e associados ao uso estrutural do titânio nos setores aeroespacial e médico/odontológico têm focado o desenvolvimento de ligas de titânio tipo ? metaestáveis. O presente estudo tem como objetivo discutir a preparação, processamento e caracterização da liga metaestável Ti-5553 (Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-0,5Fe) e de outras duas ligas com composições modificadas pela adição de nióbio em substituição ao vanádio. Tais ligas foram preparadas por meio de fusão em forno a arco, deformadas plasticamente a quente por forjamento a quente e submetidas a dois diferentes tratamentos térmicos de envelhecimento: BASCA (Beta-annealed Slow Cooled and Age) e STA (Solution Treatment and Age). Na etapa de caracterização foram utilizadas as técnicas de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, medidas de módulo de elasticidade, medidas de dureza Vickers e ensaios de tração. Os resultados indicam que a substituição do vanádio pelo nióbio não modificou as principais características da liga Ti-5553, particularmente, sua elevada resistência mecânica e baixa cinética de transformações de fases. O tratamento térmico BASCA resultou em maior ductilidade, enquanto que o tratamento STA resultou em maior limite de resistência. À medida que o V foi substituído pelo Nb, amostras submetidas ao tratamento térmico BASCA tiveram suas respectivas resistências mecânicas aumentadas, passando de 1.147 MPa para 1.227 MPa. À medida que o teor de Nb aumentou, a ductilidade reduziu-se de 10,3 % para 6,8 %. Por outro lado, amostras submetidas ao tratamento STA apresentaram redução de resistência mecânica com o aumento do teor de Nb, enquanto que a ductilidade foi levemente reduzida. Em geral, a substituição do V pelo Nb não resultou em alterações significativas no comportamento mecânico da liga Ti-5553
Abstract: In well different industrial segments such as aerospace and medical, the use of titanium and its alloys in the manufacturing of devices has increased consistently in recent years. The use of such metal in so diverse manner, either in jet engines or orthopedic implants, is due to its unique characteristics, specifically high mechanical strength, low density, high corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. Recent studies associated with the structural use of titanium in the aerospace and medical/dental sectors have focused on the development of ? metastable titanium alloys. This study aims to discuss the preparation, processing and characterization of the ? metastable Ti-5553 alloy (Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-0.5Fe) and two alloys with compositions modified by the addition of niobium to replace vanadium. Such alloys were prepared by arc melting, deformed plastically by hot forging and submitted to two different aging heat treatments: BASCA (Beta-annealed Slow Cooled and Age) and STA (Solution Treatment and Age). Characterization was carried out by applying optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, measurements of elastic modulus, Vickers hardness and tensile tests. The results suggest that the replacement of vanadium by niobium does not modify the main characteristics of the Ti-5553, particularly, its high mechanical strength and the low kinetic of phase transformations. Application of the BASCA heat treatment resulted in higher ductility, while the STA treatment resulted in higher tensile strength. As V was replaced by Nb, samples subjected to BASCA heat treatment had their mechanical strengths increased, from 1147 MPa to 1227 MPa. As the Nb content increased, ductility dropped from 10.3% to 6.8%. On the other hand, samples subjected to STA presented a decrease in mechanical strength with increasing Nb content, while ductility was slightly reduced. In general, the replacement of V by Nb has not resulted in significant changes in the Ti-5553 alloy mechanical behavior
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

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Azevedo, Thiago Figueiredo. "Estudo de comportamento mecânico de ligas TiNbSn em função do teor de liga, laminação a frio e envelhecimento." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2017. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/3475.

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The present study is focused on mechanical properties that result from cold rolling and aging treatments applied to TiNbSn alloys comprising different Nb (35% and 42%) and Sn (0% and 2.5%) contents. The alloys were arc melted, homogenized, solubilized, cold rolled and aged at 400 °C for different aging times. A set of characterization tests performed, included microstructural analysis, X-ray diffraction, microhardness, tensile tests, toughness (J) and fracture analysis. The alloys contained all three beta, α” and omega phases after cold rolling, regardless of the alloying content. The solid solution effect led to changes in the alloys’ mechanical behavior. Furthermore, the alloys presented alpha phase precipitation, and it led to a peak-aged stage after different aging times due to the Nb content. The alloys containing 42% and 35% Nb content reached the peakaged stage within 48 and 72 h, respectively. The α phase precipitation in the alloys at peak-aged stage increased the hardness, tensile strength and elastic modulus of the alloys; however, it also caused ductility and toughness decrease. The fine dispersed precipitates of the alpha phase generated small and shallow dimples, which are a characteristic fracture micromechanism of peak-aged alloys.
O presente estudo está focado em propriedades mecânicas resultantes de tratamentos de laminação a frio e envelhecimento aplicados a ligas de TiNbSn compreendendo diferentes conteúdos Nb (35% e 42%) e Sn (0% e 2,5%). As ligas foram fundidas a arco, homogeneizadas, solubilizadas, laminadas a frio e envelhecidas a 400°C durante diferentes tempos de envelhecimento. Um conjunto de ensaios de caracterizações, incluindo análise microestrutural, DRX, ensaios de tração, tenacidade (J) e análise de fraturas. As ligas apresentaram as mesmas fases beta, α" e ômega após laminação a frio, independentemente do teor de liga. O efeito da solução sólida levou a mudanças nas propriedades mecânicas. Além disso, as ligas apresentaram precipitação em fase alfa e conduziram a um estágio de pico após diferentes tempos de envelhecimento devido ao teor de Nb. As ligas contendo teor de Nb de 42% e 35% atingiram o ponto de pico de envelhecimento dentro de 48 e 72 horas, respectivamente. A precipitação da fase alfa nas ligas no ponto de pico aumentaram a dureza, a resistência à tração e o módulo de elasticidade das ligas. No entanto, também causou diminuição da ductilidade e da tenacidade. Os precipitados finos dispersos da fase alfa geraram microcavidades pequenos e pouco profundos, que são micromecanismos característicos de fratura de ligas de ponto máximo de envelhecimento.

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Bezerra, Roberto Messias. "Estudo de solda a laser em ligas odontológicas utilizadas em prótese sobre implante: titânio comercialmente puro e liga de ouro." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/88/88131/tde-22082015-105319/.

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Este trabalho consiste no estudo de juntas soldadas de ligas metálicas Odontológicas, Titânio comercialmente puro e liga de ouro, aplicada em próteses sobre implantes, empregando processo de soldagem a laser. A caracterização destes biomateriais e das juntas soldadas foram feitas por meio de técnicas de análise química, análise metalográfica utilizando-se microscopia óptica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura - MEV, com espectroscopia por espalhamento de energia dispersiva de raios X-EDX , espedroscopia por comprimento de onda de raios X - WDX, mapeamento elementar, / difratometria de raios X. Foi estudado também a dureza, correlacionando-as com a microestrutura e composição química. Realizou-se ensaios caracterizando o processo de corrosão nos metais base e nas juntas soldadas, em solução de NaCI 0,15 mol LThis work comprises the study of odontological metallic welded joints, commercially pure titanium and gold alloys, applied to prothesis on implants, employing laser welding process. The characterization of these biomaterials and welded joints was made by means of chemical and metallographic analysis, by using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique with Energy Dispersive X Rays analysis (EDX), elemental mapping, and X-Ray Difractometry. Experimental tests were carried out characterizing the corrosion process in metal base and welded joints, in NaCI solution 0.15 mo L-1, using electrochemical techniques, potentiodynamic polarization curve. The correlation among hardness, microstructure and chemical composition was aiso studied. In the welding region, the commercially pure titanium microstructure type found was a martensitic one, and in the gold palladium alloy, it presented a dendritic morphology. In titanium, the hardness in the base metal was 199 HV, smaller than the hardness in welding region, which was 421 HV, due to the presence of the martensitic microstructure. In the gold alloy, the hardness in the base metal was 196 HV, greater than the one found in the welding region, which was 103 HV, due to the dendritic microstructure. In the characterization of resistance to corrosion, the results showed a smaller resistance to the corrosion in the welding area for both biomaterials in the studied environment

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Yakabu, D. Y. "Caracterização da superfície e propriedades mecânicas da soldagem por atrito linear em juntas tri-dissimilares com ligas de alumínio e liga de titânio/." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da FEI, 2016. https://doi.org/10.31414/EM.2016.D.128823.

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Nicodemo, Juliana Pivotto. "Estudo da sinterabilidade de ligas de n?quel obtidas por meio dos portadores de liga sic, si3n4 ou si met?lico com grafita." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2012. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12758.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Nickel alloys are frequently used in applications that require resistance at high temperatures associated with resistance to corrosion. Alloys of Ni-Si-C can be obtained by means of powder metallurgy in which powder mixtures are made of metallic nickel powders with additions of various alloying carriers for such were used in this study SiC, Si3N4 or Si metal with graphite. Carbonyl Ni powder with mean particle size of 11 mM were mixed with 3 wt% of SiC powders with an average particle size of 15, 30 and 50 μm and further samples were obtained containing 4 to 5% by mass of SiC with average particle size of 15 μm. Samples were also obtained by varying the carrier alloy, these being Si3N4 powder with graphite, with average particle size of 1.5 and 5 μm, respectively. As a metallic Si graphite with average particle size of 12.5 and 5 μm, respectively. The reference material used was nickel carbonyl sintered without adding carriers. Microstructural characterization of the alloys was made by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with semi-quantitative chemical analysis. We determined the densities of the samples and measurement of microhardness. We studied the dissociation of carriers alloy after sintering at 1200 ? C for 60 minutes. Was evaluated also in the same sintering conditions, the influence of the variation of average particle size of the SiC carrier to the proportion of 3% by mass. Finally, we studied the influence of variation of the temperatures of sintering at 950, 1080 and 1200 ? C without landing and also with heights of 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes for sintering where the temperature was 950 ?C. Dilatometry curves showed that the SiC sintered Ni favors more effectively than other carriers alloy analyzed. SiC with average particle size of 15 μm active sintering the alloy more effectively than other SiC used. However, with the chemical and morphological analyzes for all leagues, it was observed that there was dissociation of SiC and Si3N4, as well as diffusion of Si in Ni matrix and carbon cluster and dispersed in the matrix, which also occurred for the alloys with Si carriers and metallic graphite. So the league that was presented better results containing Si Ni with graphite metallic alloy as carriers, since this had dispersed graphite best in the league, reaching the microstructural model proposed, which is necessary for material characteristic of solid lubricant, so how we got the best results when the density and hardness of the alloy
Ligas de N?quel s?o freq?entemente utilizadas em aplica??es que requerem resist?ncia mec?nica a elevadas temperaturas associada ? resist?ncia ? corros?o. Ligas de Ni-Si-C podem ser obtidas por meio de metalurgia do p? em que s?o realizadas misturas de p?s de n?quel met?lico com adi??es de p?s de diferentes portadores de liga, para tal foram utilizados neste trabalho SiC, Si3N4 ou Si met?lico com grafita. P?s de Ni carbonila com tamanho m?dio de part?culas de 11 μm foram misturados a 3% em massa de p?s de SiC com tamanho m?dio de part?culas de 15, 30 e 50 μm e foram obtidas ainda amostras contendo 4 e 5% em massa de SiC com tamanho m?dio de part?culas de 15 μm. Tamb?m foram obtidas amostras variando-se o portador de liga, sendo estes p?s de Si3N4 com grafita, com tamanho m?dio de part?culas de 1,5 e 5 μm, respectivamente. Assim como Si met?lico com grafita, com tamanho m?dio de part?culas de 12,5 e 5 μm, respectivamente. O material de refer?ncia adotado foi n?quel carbonila sinterizado sem adi??o de portadores. A caracteriza??o microestrutural das ligas foi feita por microscopia ?ptica e eletr?nica de varredura com an?lise qu?mica semi-quantitativa. Foram determinadas as densidades das amostras e obtidas medidas de microdureza Vickers. Foi estudada a dissocia??o dos portadores de liga ap?s sinteriza??o em 1200 ?C durante 60 minutos. Foi avaliada, ainda, para as mesmas condi??es de sinteriza??o, a influencia da varia??o do tamanho m?dio de part?culas do portador SiC, para a propor??o de 3% em massa. Por fim, foi estudo a influencia da varia??o das temperaturas de sinteriza??o em 950, 1080 e 1200 ?C sem patamar e, ainda, com patamares de 30, 60, 120 e 240 minutos para sinteriza??o cuja temperatura foi de 950 ?C. As curvas de dilatometria mostraram que o SiC favorece a sinteriza??o do Ni de forma mais eficaz que os demais portadores de liga analisados. O SiC com tamanho m?dio de part?culas de 15 μm ativa a sinteriza??o da liga de forma mais eficaz que os demais SiC utilizados. Por?m, com as an?lises qu?mica e morfol?gica para todas as ligas, foi poss?vel observar que houve dissocia??o do SiC e do Si3N4, assim como difus?o do Si na matriz de Ni e carbono aglomerado e disperso na matriz, o que tamb?m ocorreu para as ligas com portadores Si met?lico e grafita. Portanto, a liga que apresentou melhores resultados foi de Ni contendo Si met?lico com grafita como portadores de liga, j? que esta apresentou grafita melhor dispersa na liga, atingindo o modelo microestrutural proposto, do qual ? necess?rio para material com caracter?stica de lubrificante s?lido, assim como obteve os melhores resultados quando a densidade e dureza da liga

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El, Beyrouthy Marc. "Contribution à l'ethnopharmacologie libanaise et aux Lamiaceae du Liban." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S011.

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L'ethnopharmacologie, approche scientifique transdisciplinaire, s'intéresse aux connaissances empiriques des populations rurales en terme d'utilisations de remèdes médicinaux traditionnels. L'ethnobotanique et l'ethnopharmacologie sont essentielles pour conserver, au sein de pharmacopées, une trace écrite des médecines traditionnelles dont la transmission est basée sur la tradition orale. Jusqu'à ce jour il n'existe aucune publication exhaustive concernant les usages des plantes au Liban. C'est pour cette raison que des enquêtes ethnobotaniques et ethnopharmacologiques ont été menées dans un grand nombre de villes et villages libanais et ont permis de recenser 528 espèces appartenant à 102 familles à usage médicinal. La recherche ici présente est réalisée pour la première fois et a pour objectifs l'étude des espèces médicinales utilisées au Liban dans le but de sauvegarder le savoir traditionnel mais notamment pour contribuer à la création d'une pharmacopée libanaise et l'identification des caractères spécifiques des Lamiaceae libanaises (trichome) en vue de lutter contre les falsifications des drogues. Notre étude s'organise en trois parties. La première présente un aperçu général du Liban s'axant sur la géographie, la description et répartition géomorphologique, l'hydrographie, la géologie, le climat, le sol, les étages et séries de végétation et la population. Une seconde partie est consacrée à la démarche ethnopharmacologique. Nous y décrivons les matériels et méthodes et les résultats des enquêtes ethnobotaniques de terrain menées au Liban. Enfin, dans la troisième partie, nous développons le concept de l'utilisation des trichomes dans l'identification et la classification des plantes et en particulier chez les Lamiaceae

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14

El-Amine, Farida. "Les thèmes social, sexuel et religieux dans l'éducation morale de la famille libanaise : enquête comparée sur les communautés musulmane et chrétienne de Beyrouth." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05H065.

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Le but de la recherche est de relever les principaux traits qui caracterisent l'education morale de la famille libanaise et de depister ses repercussions sur la structure de la personnalite de l'enfant. Deux enquetes par test projectif et par questionnaire ont ete effectuees sur 354 enfants chretiens et musulmane et leurs parents. Les resultats montrent que l'education morale libanaise est generalement conservatrice, traditionaliste et autoritaire, alors que la personnalite de l'enfant libanais est caracterisee par une dependance affective vis-a-vis des parents et surtout de la mere, mais revele une adaptation positive a la situation familiale. L'education familiale ainsi que la structure psychique de l'enfant semblent etre plus influencees par la communaute confessionnelle que par le statut socio-economique et le niveau culturel des parents
The aim of the study is to identify the principal traits of the moral education in the lebanese family and its effects on the children's personality. A projective test and questionnaire on a sample of 354 christian and muslim children show that the moral education is conservative, traditional, and authoritative. Though positively adaptive with his family atmosphere, a lebanese child is affectively dependent on his parents, mainly on his mother. The secterian community has high influence while the socio-eceonomic and educational levels have low influence

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Baalbaky, Najwa. "Le nouveau Beyrouth, contribution à l'étude de la centralité urbaine." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100150.

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13 ans après la guerre civile, le Liban et sa capitale ne sont plus les mêmes. Le centre-ville apparaît comme la pièce maîtresse de cette métamorphose tant au moment de sa disparition qu'au moment de sa reconstruction. Il a engendré à chaque fois un nouvel aspect de l'espace urbain beyrouthin et une nouvelle centralité urbaine. Cette recherche se situe à la croisée de deux problématiques : l'étude d'une reconstruction d'un centre-ville et celle du système de la centralité urbaine. Elle s'attache à saisir les transformations urbanistiques à la lumière des bouleversements physiques, sociaux et politiques que le Liban a connues durant les années 1975-90. La première partie analyse près d'un siècle d'évolution et de métamorphose de la centralité urbaine beyrouthine. La deuxième partie décortique la reconstruction du centre-ville de Beyrouth en la liant à la nouvelle organisation urbaine et en mettant l'accent sur la nature de la centralité urbaine actuelle. La troisième partie traite la centralité à différentes échelles allant du local au global.

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16

Assaf, Elie A. "Identité et nation : essai sur le nationalisme libanais et le système de démocratie consosciationnelle." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA040225.

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Le but de notre thèse est d'examiner les fondements politiques, sociologiques et philosophiques de l'identité qui s'exprime à l'intérieur d'une société pluraliste ; composée de communautés religieuses diverses qui cherchent une formule de coexistence pacifique capable de réalise entre elles une nation unie, stable et durable. Nous avons voulu prouver par cette recherche que la solution ne pouvait se trouver que dans l'idée d'un système politique fondé sur une démocratie consensuelle ou consociationnelle, c'est-à-dire, une régime fondé sur le consensus intercommunautaire censé aboutir à la paix civile et assurer un règne basé sur l'union des diversités plutôt qu'un règne fondé sur la division. Le problème étudié dans le cas d'un pays comme le Liban où plus de dix-sept communautés cherchent à cohabiter nous paraît aujourd'hui d'une nécessité brûlante pour une proposition et " un projet de paix perpétuelle " comme dirait Kant, dans la région du Proche-Orient
The aim of our study is to examine the political, sociological, philosophical principles of the Identity figured inside a plural society composed of many religious communities searching for a peaceful coexistence and seeking between them to create a Nation united, strong and wealthy. In this study we thing that the solution should be in a idea of a political system based on "consensual" or "consociationnal" democracy, that means , a system founded on "intercommunitarian common will "to reach the civilian peace and assure and determine a political power united in the diversity instead on division. In studying the case of Lebanon a nation with seventeen communities trying to live peacefully together, in spite of their differences, cultural and religious. We touch a very important and crucial problem to find "a project of perpetual peace" as Kant would say in Middle East

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17

Sadeck, Salah el-dinn. "Beyrouth aprés la guerre civile et étrangère : analyse d'aménagement." Bordeaux 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR30036.

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Ce projet de recherche porte sur les repercussions de la guerre (1975-1991) sur la ville de beyrouth. Il decrit et analyse les mutations urbaines, sociales et economiques survenues a beyrouth au cours de ces annees de guerre. Il comporte deux divisions principaux ; la premiere met l'accent sur les differents changements dans l'infrastructure et les fonctions de la ville ; la deuxieme decrit et analyse la reconstruction de la ville a partir de 1991
This research project deals with the repercussions of the war (1975- 1991) on beirut city. It describes and analyses the urban, social and economic mutations which occured at beirut during the years of war. This project comprises two main divisions. The first highlights the various changes in the infrastructure and the functions of beirut. The second describes and analyses the reconstraction of the city after 1991

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18

Youakim, Liliane. "Leadership et comportement organisationnel dans une société multiculturelle : le cas du Liban." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H058.

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A une époque où le travail a changé de sens et se réorganise, la motivation du personnel à tous les niveaux de l'entreprise redevient un problème prioritaire. Et, le style d'encadrement susceptible de créer ou de stimuler la motivation dépend non seulement des caractéristiques internes à l'organisation, et des facteurs environnementaux, mais aussi des traits spécifiques de la culture sociale. L'enjeu pour l'entreprise consiste donc à trouver comment motiver chacun en gardant une cohérence d'ensemble. Cette cohérence peut être retrouvée au niveau de la sphère culturelle. Chaque culture contient des éléments qui, en soi, peuvent favoriser ou non une orientation des motivations dans le sens souhaité. Une première source d'influence externe est la culture du pays, de la région ou de l'ethnie dans laquelle se trouve l'organisation. Une seconde source d'influence sur la culture est le milieu professionnel de l'organisation. Enfin, une autre source peut venir des propres singularités des membres, et, en particulier, de celles de son fondateur ou du leader quand il y en a un. La recherche examine les dimensions de la culture sociétale libanaise ainsi que celles de la culture organisationnelle libanaise. Elle vise à déterminer aussi les caractéristiques (comportements, attributs, perceptions) du leadership efficace et exceptionnel au Liban. A partir des données fournies par 436 managers provenant de plus de 100 organisations relevant de trois secteurs d'activité (les télécommunications, les institutions financières et l'agroalimentaire), les dimensions culturelles du projet de recherche internationale GLOBE permettent d'évaluer les pratiques et les valeurs culturelles au Liban au niveau : de la société, des organisations, de chacune des deux confessions religieuses prévalentes : la religion chrétienne et la religion musulmane, et de chaque sexe. Une série d'analyses factorielles ont été conduites en vue d'explorer les attributs et les modèles de leadership spécifiques au contexte Libanais, et ce au niveau de la société libanaise, des organisations libanaises et de la population totale. Une autre analyse factorielle a permis d'examiner la nature des comportements du supérieur immédiat en utilisant les dimensions du leadership transformationnel et du leadership transactionnel. En conclusion, cette recherche montre l'importance du collectivisme dans la culture organisationnelle et sociétale tout comme dans les attributs des leaders efficaces et exceptionnels dans un pays multiculturel : le Liban
At the time where the meaning of work has changed and the work is being reorganized, the motivation of the personnel at all levels in the organization is becoming a problem of priority. And, the style of management capable of creating or stimulating the motivation depends not only on the internal characteristics of the organization and the environmental factors, but also on the specific attributes of the societal culture. So the main issue for the organization consists in finding how to motivate each one while keeping a general coherence. This coherence may be found at the level of the cultural sphere. Each culture contains the elements that may promote or not an orientation of the motivations in the desired direction. So, a first source of external influence is the culture of the country, the region or the ethnic group where the organization is located. A second source is the professional environment of the organization and a third source the personal singularities of its founder or the leader when there is one. The research examines the dimensions of the Lebanese societal and organizational culture. It also aims at determining the characteristics (behaviors, attributes, perceptions) of the outstanding leadership in Lebanon. In a survey of 436 managers from more than 100 organizations, working in three industries (telecommunications, financial institutions and food processing), the cultural dimensions of the international research project GLOBE allows evaluating the cultural practices and values in Lebanon at the level of: the society, the organizations, each of the two prevailing religions : Christianity and Islam, and each sex. A set of factor analysis has been conducted in order to explore the attributes and models of leadership that are specific to the Lebanese context, at the level of the Lebanese society, the Lebanese organizations or the whole population. Another factor analysis examined the nature of the behaviors of the immediate superior by using the dimensions of transformational and transactional leadership. To summarize, this research shows the importance of collectivism in the organizational and societal culture and also in the attributes of outstanding leaders in a multicultural country: Lebanon

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Karam, Charbel. "Le gouvernement d'entreprise familiale au Liban : l'exemple du Mont Liban." Bordeaux 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR40016.

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Actuellement, la plupart des recherches empiriques sur le gouvernement d'entreprise familiale se concentrent sur les pays anglo-saxons. Quelques pays du Proche-Orient, comme le Liban, ont une tradition de gouvernement d'entreprise très différente. Par conséquent, notre étude traite les objectifs suivants : établir le statut actuel des pratiques de gouvernement d'entreprise au Liban, décrire comment les dynamiques dans les entreprises familiales libanaises influencent les pratiques de gouvernement dans de telles firmes et démontrer quelle pratique s'associe avec une meilleure performance. Enfin, ce travail de recherche procède dans le cadre classique d'une méthodologie hypothètico-déductive. Il correspond à la conception "popperienne" de la méthode scientifique qui constitue la meilleure façon de mener une recherche avec rigueur et ordre sans sacrifier pour autant l'esprit de curiosité et de découverte.

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20

El, Masri-Hashem Maha. "Vaisselles, récipients et autres objets en céramique du chantier de la Zone des Eglises à Beyrouth (BEY 004)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20052.

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La thèse s'inscrit dans le cade de l'exploitation archéologique de la reconstruction de Beyrouth après la guerre du Liban. Le chantier BEY OO4, au centre-ville, confié à une équipe de l'Université libanaise dont faisait partie l'auteur, a permis la découverte d'un important matériel céramique couvrant une aire chronologique de plusieurs siècles. La période hellénistique, dans les couches les plus anciennes, est représentée par des lots de céramique sigillée et par de nombreuses séries de timbres amphoriques, d'un exceptionnel intérêt pour la connaissance historique du commerce bérytain. Les lampes romaines, à disques figurés, enrichissent l'iconographie des ateliers de la Méditerranée orientale et se laissent en particulier comparer aux productions chypriotes. D'autres catégories d'objets illustrent, aux époques médiévale et ottomane, des aspects de la civilisation islamique : pipes, narguilehs, flacons de cosmétique, ainsi que d'interessants ostraka à insciptions arabes qui conservent des factures commerciales. L'ouvrage comporte un catalogue de notices, un fascicule de dessins originaux réalisés par l'auteur, ainsi qu'un texte de synthèse mettant en perspective le matériel étudié
The thesis is about the archaeological exploitation of the reconstruction of Beirut after the Lebanese war. The Site BEY OO4, in the city center, confided to a team from the Lebanese University of which the author made part, permitted the discovery of important ceramic material covering a chronological area of several centuries. .

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21

Hocek, Anne-Rose. "Territoires et religions en contacts : la colonie romaine de Berytus, de sa fondation au IIIe siècle de notre ère." Paris, EPHE, 2012. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01552363.

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La colonie romaine de Berytus fondée par Auguste sous le nom de colonia Augusta Berytus prend la suite d'une cité de la côte phénicienne. Mais la fondation coloniale s'est aussi accompagnée d'une modification profonde du territoire civique, celui-ci franchissant désormais le Mont Liban. L'une des conséquences de cette extension est l'intégration du sanctuaire d'Héliopolis dans la religion publique de la nouvelle colonie. A la traditionnelle cohabitation entre indigènes et colons dans une colonie déduite s'ajoute le contact, inédit, entre le monde gréco-phénicien et la plaine de la Bekaa. Le sujet porte sur ces contacts croisés, territoriaux et humains, en privilégiant le prisme religieux. Les religions en contacts envisagées sont issues de traditions différentes, celles des colons venus de Rome et d'Italie et dont les descendants sont toujours plus ou moins 'connectés' à la métropole, celle des populations de la côte, héllénisées, qui héritent de traits culturels propres à l'espace phénicien, celles des populations de l'intérieur qui sont au carrefour d'influences. Trois lieux de contact seront privilégiés. Le chef-lieu où les autorités coloniales élaborent une nouvelle idéologie civique, le sanctuaire extra-urbain de Deir el-Qaala qui est un lieu de cohabitations religieuses et le paysage religieux de la Bekaa articulé autour du grand sanctuaire d'Héliopolis. Il s'agira en particulier d'analyser le culte héliopolitain dans son contexte colonial, à la fois juridique et territorial et de revenir sur la question de la "triade héliopolitaine", envisagée depuis Berytus
The Roman colony Berytus, founded by Augustus under the name Colonia Augusta Felix Berytus, took over from a city of the Phoenician coast. This colonial founding, however, was also accompanied by an in-deph modification of the civic territory, which from then on crossed Mount Lebanon. A consequence of this extension was the integration of the heliopolis sanctuary into the public religion of the new colony. Added to the traditional cohabitation between the indigenous population and the colons, in a colony in which Roman veterans were also settled, was the unprecedented coming into contact of the Greco-Phoenician wolrd and the Beqaa valley. My topic bears on these mixed contacts, both human and territorial, by privileging the religious lens. The religions that came into contact here stemmed from different traditions, including those of the colons from Rome and Italy, whose descendents were always more or less 'connected' to the metropole, that of the Hellenized coastal populations who inherited cultural traits specific to phoenician space, and that of the populations of the interior who were at the crossraods of influences. I privilege three places of contact. First, the administrative center, in which the colonial authorities elaborated a new civic ideology; then, the extra-urban sanctuary of Deir el-Qaala, which was the place of a new cohabitation; and lastly, the religious landscape of Beqaa, which revolved around the great sanctuary of Heliopolis. In particular, the aim is to analyze the Heliopolitan cult in its colonial context, both juridical and territorial, and to revisit the question of the 'Heliopolitan triad' as viewed from Berytus

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22

Seif, Assaad. "Les dynamiques spatiales et la céramique du couloir syro-palestinien du Néolithique à l'Âge du Bronze Moyen : la cas du 'Akkār." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010516.

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Cette thèse prétend poursuivre une série de travaux effectués dans la plaine du 'Akkâr au Nord du Liban par des archéologues de renommée qui ont proposé des modèles de peuplement de cette plaine alluviale dans ses deux composantes méridionale «libanaise» et septentrionale «syrienne». Elle a l'ambition de proposer une nouvelle approche concernant le peuplement du 'Akkâr. Plus spécifiquement, elle vise à comprendre les relations culturelles de ce territoire avec son entourage régional ainsi que l'interaction entre l'Homme et son environnement dans la partie méridionale de la plaine depuis le Néolithique jusqu'au Bronze Moyen II. La thèse est structurée autour de trois axes de recherche principaux, le premier concerne l’analyse du matériel issu des prospections entreprises avec la partie méridionale de la plaine en 1997 et 199 afin d’en tirer les informations d’ordre technologique culturel et chronologique d’une part et d’autre part, à travers les parallèles, de brosser une esquisse des contacts régionaux. Le deuxième se concentre sur les données paléo-environnementales en vue de comprendre le paléoclimat et la géomorphologie globale de la région en général, et de la plaine en particulier, au cours des périodes qui nous concernent. Le troisième axe se focalise plutôt sur une archéologie du paysage qui prendrait en compte la dimension spatiale afin d’aboutir à une meilleure compréhension des interactions entre les sites et le territoire. L’utilisation des Systèmes d’Informations Géographiques (SIG) est à la base des approches adoptées. Dans ce cadre, toutes les étapes des analyses adoptées sont exposées en présentant les explications des méthodes choisies ainsi que les différentes phases des procédures analytiques utilisées.

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23

Wade, R. C. "Ligand-macromolecule interactions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:576ce119-6a93-4eb0-a7e4-1f2513736dbd.

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The optimisation of ligand-macromolecule interactions is fundamental to the design of therapeutic agents. The GRID method is a procedure for determining energetically favourable ligand binding sites on molecules of known structure using an empirical energy potential. In this thesis, it has been extended, tested, and then applied to the design of anti-influenza agents. In the GRID method, the energy of a hydrogen-bond is determined by a function which is dependent on the length of the hydrogen-bond, its orientation at the hydrogen-bond donor and acceptor atoms, and the chemical nature of these atoms. This function has been formulated in order to reproduce experimental observations of hydrogen-bond geometries. The reorientation of hydrogen atoms and lone-pair orbitals on the formation of hydrogen-bonds is calculated analytically. The experimentally observed water structures of crystals of four biological molecules have been used as model systems for testing the GRID method. It has been shown that the location of well-ordered waters can be predicted accurately. The ability of the GRID method to assist in the assignment of water sites during crystallographic refinement has been demonstrated. It has also been shown that waters in the active site of an enzyme may be both stabilized and displaced by a bound substrate. Ligands have been designed to block the highly conserved host cell receptor site of the influenza virus haemagglutinin in order to prevent the attachment of the virus to the host cells. The protein was mapped energetically by program GRID and specific ligand binding sites were identified. Ligands, which exploited these binding sites, were then designed using computer graphics and energy minimization techniques. Some of the designed ligands were peptides and these were synthesised and assayed. Preliminary results indicate that they may possess anti-influenza activity.

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Peberdy, Jemma C. "Biomacromolecule-ligand interactions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4069/.

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The interactions and binding of various ligands to biomacromoleculcs e.g. DNA and proteins finds widespread application in the design and development of novel pharmaceuticals. DNA has been identified as the target molecule for a number of drugs and carcinogens and the supramolecular synthetic approach has led to the discovery of a range of bimetallo iron cylinders that bind to DNA inducing remarkable structural effects. The cylinders arc chiral and the enantiomers were separated on cellulose packed in paper or in a column. The optimum mobile phase for efficient separation was found to be 90% acctonitrilc: 10% 0.02 M NaCl. The (M)-enantiomers of the parent cylinder have been found to bind to DNA in the major groove. I Hydrophobic methyl groups were added at various positions on the ligand backbone. UV/visible absorbance, circular and linear dichroism were used to investigate any interactions of the metal complex with DNA with the aim of investigating any sequence preference or selectivity upon binding. Competitive binding studies and molecular dynamics simulations were used to probe the binding geometries of the enantiomers of the parent cylinder and two methylated cylinders to DNA as the exact site of interaction of the (P)-enantiomers of the parent cylinder was unclear. It was concluded that the methylated bimetallo iron cylinders bind to DNA and provide major groove recognition and may show some sequence preference. Circular dichroism was used to structurally characterise a range of buanosine-rich oligonucleotides (GRO's) and to investigate their interactions with a nucleolar protein - nucicolin. Biological/anti-proliferative activity has been related to the ability of the oligonucleotide to bind to this protein. It was found that nucleolin does bind to a biologically active GRO in the presence of K+ and induces a structural change in it.

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Capelo, Natacha Alexandre. "Ligar, percorrer, viver." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20493.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa, com a especialização em Urbanismo para obtenção de grau de Mestre.
O Projeto Final de Mestrado tem como intuito o encontro de soluções que possam chegar a essas necessidades, juntamente com o impedimento das descontinuidades identificadas no Território e da ausência de uma certa legibilidade na transição entre diferentes tipos de tecido urbano, passando pela elaboração de uma estratégia de intervenção urbana a diferentes escalas. A estratégia desenvolvida à escala alargada abrange toda a extensão de Território entre Agualva e o Cacém, com o intuito de partir da compreensão das dinâmicas dos seus elementos urbanos e também das dinâmicas a nível da evolução dos seus aglomerados urbanos, através da sua leitura, e tem como objetivo a ligação entre dois eixos, através da proposta de diversos percursos pedonais, colmatando assim as fragmentações existentes. Pegando num dos eixos, mais concretamente no eixo que se estende entre o Núcleo Antigo de Agualva e o Alto de Colaride desenvolve-se uma estratégia de intervenção urbana desta vez a uma escala intermédia, com o intuito de requalificar a rede de espaços públicos existentes ao longo deste, e estabelecer ligações entre eles. Já à escala aproximada, o projeto da praça surge integrado na rede de espaços públicos ao longo do eixo, numa área compreendida entre a Avenida do Bons Amigos e a Avenida Nuno Álvares Pereira, por se tratar de um local de domínio público com fortes potencialidades e oportunidades, que poderão trazer imensos benefícios para a revitalização do Território de Agualva-Cacém.
ABSTRACT: The Agualva-Cacém Territory brings together a number of urban problems and weaknesses, the result of fragmentation caused by large physical barriers, overgrowth in its urban agglomerations and the planning of public spaces that are ineffective and inadequate to the needs of the city population. The Master's Final Project aims to find solutions that can meet these needs, together with the combat against the discontinuities identified in the Territory and the lack of some readability in the transition between different types of urban fabric, through the elaboration of an urban intervention strategy at different scales. The strategy developed on an extended scale encompasses the entire territory between Agualva and Cacém, with the aim of understanding the dynamics of its urban elements as well as the dynamics of the evolution of their urban agglomerations through their reading, and Its objective is the connection between two axes, through the proposal of several pedestrian paths, thus linking the existing fragmentations. Taking one of the axes, specifically the axis that extends between the Old Centre of Agualva and the Alto de Colaride, an urban intervention strategy is developed, this time on an intermediate scale, in order to requalify the existing network of public spaces, and establish relations between them. The square's project is part of the network of public spaces along the axis, in an area between Avenue of Bons Amigos and Avenue Nuno Álvares Pereira, as it is a place of public domain with strong potential and opportunities, which may bring huge benefits for the revitalization of the Agualva-Cacém Territory.
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26

Kontopidis, George A. "Immunophilin ligand design." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22386.

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The general aim of the project is predict and select small molecule ligands which may bind to 3D protein templates. Proteins from the Immunophilin family were used. The putative ligands were selected by two different methods, by structure similarity and using the docking program LIDAEUS, which was developed in house by Dr. P. Taylor. Twenty nine small molecules were selected from a small molecule database and were tested with a fluorescence assay, a PPIase assay and x-ray crystallography for binding activity. Six new ligands have been discovered which bind to Cyp-A. In this work the IC₅₀ (concentration in which half inhibition occurred) of the putative ligands were determined by rotamase inhibition assay. In addition the binding of the ligands was also confirmed by crystallographic experiments. The X-ray structures of 3-acetyl-1 methyl piperidine, ethyl-piperidine glyoxylate, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylene sulfoxide, cyclopentanone and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione bound to Cyp-A have been solved and refined with Rfactor for each structure less than 20%. The structural analysis of the native and ligand structures revealed a hydrophobic pocket surrounded by residues Asn 102, Met 61, Arg 55 and His 122, a hydrogen bond donor site of the main chain nitrogen Asn 102, and another hydrogen bond donor site of the guanidinium of Arg 55. The six novel ligands have been classified into 3 different families of compounds, 3-Acetyl-1 methyl piperidine and ethyl-piperidine glyoxylate belong to the piperidine family and share structural similarities with a natural substrate of Cyp-A the dipeptide Ala-Pro. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), tetramethylene sulfoxide and cyclopentanone form the DMSO family and they do not share any similarities with known Cyp-A ligand. Only one compound has been discovered in the third family. This compound 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione also known as dimedone shows some structural similarities with the Val 11 residue of the Cyp-A ligand cyclosporin.

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Mitri, Tarek. "Conscience de soi et rapport à autrui chez les Orthodoxes au Liban (1942-1975)." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100039.

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AL, ASSAAD MUHAMAD. "Le developpement et l'education au liban de 1958 a 1982." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070127.

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Depuis 1958, les mutations du systeme educatif du liban n'ont pas ete faites en accord avec une efficace politique de developpement. De plus la centralisation exessive, l'eparpillement des responsabilites, le manque de coordination au sein du menba (ministere de l'education nationale et des beaux arts) ont abouti a un systeme dans lequel on peut constater de nombreux desequilibres : - desequilibre entre les differents cycles d'enseignement, - desequilibre sectoriel (prive public) - inegalite d'acces au systeme educatif, - inegalites geographiques, - inegalites qualitatives, - disproportion dans la ventilation par sexe. On releve egalement des freins a l'insertion des etudiants et eleves dans la vie active : - enseignement trop academique, - devalorisation de l'enseignement technique, faible effi- cacite du systeme educatif, - taux de eleve de redoublement. Cette etude expose tout d'abord les ressources naturelles et humaines du liban, l'heritage des diffe- rents gouvernements, mandats, dominations qui se sont succedes avant 1958, et ana- lyse, ensuite la modernisation et le developpement de l'education de 1958 a 1962 ; en s'interessant en particulier : a l'administration, a l'enseignement, a son aspect financier et aux retombees qualitatives de cette education sur la population libanaise
Since 1958, mutation of the educational system of lebanon has not been leaded by a potitc of development. Moreover, excessive centralisation of responsabilities, the lack of oordination inside the menba (national education ministry) led to a system in wich we can notice several problems : unbalencement between different cycles, - sectorial unbalencement, geographic inequalities, - qualitative inequa- lities, disproportion in the repartition by sex. We notice also, obstacles for the insertion of pupils in professionnal life : too academic teaching, - devalorisation of technical teachin, low efficacity of educational system, high staying down rate. This study exposes first, natural and human ressources of lebanon, then the inheritance of the different governements before 1958, and makes an analysis of the modernisation and the development of education from 1958 to 1962, int the field of administration, teaching, financial aspects and qualitative consequences on lebanese population

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Charafeddine, Wafa. "La banlieue sud de Beyrouth : structure urbaine et économique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040353.

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La guerre civile au Liban depuis 1975, et par conséquent la division de l'espace métropolitain de Beyrouth par les lignes de front (lignes de démarcation) ont donné lieu à un développement spécifique des deux côtés de cette ligne et à des bouleversements urbains importants. Dans la banlieue-sud, objet de notre étude, ces changements urbains et ces bouleversements démographiques se sont traduits par trois principaux caractéristiques problèmes qui sont: 1- le sous-équipement et les problèmes aigus de gestion urbaine, liés a l'absence de l'administration locale et à la nature arbitraire de l'intervention de l'état. 2- la construction illégale, laquelle en conséquence de la guerre devint d'une ampleur impressionnante. 3- l'implantation d'un nombre imposant d'activités (commerces et services notamment) à caractère peu ou pas "légal" et de structure dite "informelle". Ainsi, notre étude de la banlieue-sud va porter d'une part sur la structure urbaine de cet espace, et de l'autre, sur la structure économique et immobilière
The civil war of 1975 in Lebanon and the formation of a demarcation line dividing the greater Beirut urban space have caused important urban changes and have set specific rules of development in each of the two parts of greater Beirut. In the southern suburb, the subject of the study, these urban changes and demographic redistributions appear through three characteristics problems: 1- lack of appropriate urban structures and the severe urban administration problems due to the absence of the local authorities and the arbitrary intervention of the government. 2- the illegal construction which has largely increased due to the war. 3- the establishment of a large number of informal activities. Thus, our study about the southern suburb shall handle both the urban and economical structures

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30

Deeth, R. J. "Redirected ligand-field analysis : applications of the cellular ligand-field model." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355257.

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31

Freundlich, Joel Stephen. "Metal-ligand multiple bonds in organometallic complexes containing triamidoamine ligand systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38782.

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32

Khoury, Madona. "Préparation, analyse et activités antimicrobiennes d'huiles essentielles de plantes libanaises." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0024.

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Inspirés par les mécanismes de défense des plantes, nous avons entrepris d'évaluer la diversité chimique et activité antimicrobienne d’huiles essentielles (HE) issues de plantes libanaises. Suivant une approche métabolomique nous avons pu mettre en évidence la diversité chimique des 32 HEs étudiées et également comparer les chémotypes d'une même espèce végétale. Le criblage effectué a permis d’identifier de nombreuses HEs présentant des activités antimicrobiennes intéressantes. L’HE d’Hirtellina lobelii DC. , seule ou en combinaison avec des médicaments antimicrobiens, était parmi les huiles les plus actives. Cette huile a démontré un potentiel antifongique remarquable en perturbant la membrane des champignons dermatophytes induisant par la suite une lyse cellulaire. Dans l’ensemble, ces résultats, nous portent à croire que l'arsenal de défense des plantes peut inspirer des approches alternatives pour aborder la menace sociétale que représentent les infections multi-résistantes
@Inspired by plant defenses, we undertook to evaluate the chemical diversity and antimicrobial activities of essential oils (EOs) from Lebanese plants. Following a metabolomic approach we were able to highlight the chemical diversity among the 32 studied oils and between the chemotypes of the same plant species. The screening led to the identification of several EOs with interesting antimicrobial activities. Hirtellina lobelii DC. EO was among the most active ones, alone or in combination with antimicrobial drugs. This oil holds remarkable antifungal potential against dermatophytic fungi by disrupting fungal membrane and ultimately leasing cells. We hypothesized that H. Lobelii EO should increase cell penetration of antifungal drugs and may also act through a specific mode of action. Altogether, these results lead us to believe that plant defense arsenal can inspire alternative ways of addressing the societal issue of multidrug resistant infections

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Ismaïl, Abou-Hamdan Hanadi. "Communautés de diatomées épilithiques et de macrophytes de cours d'eau soumis à des multiples perturbations d'une plaine aride libanaise : évaluation comparative de la qualité de l'eau à l'aide des indices (SEQ-Eau, I.B.D., I.P.S., I.B.M.R.)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX30031.

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Ce travail constitue la première étude écologique menée sur les communautés diatomiques et macrophytiques des cours d'eau d'une plaine aride de la méditerranée orientale (Liban) soumis à des perturbations (naturelles et anthropiques). Un inventaire spécifique des diatomées et des macrophytes a été dressé. La richesse spécifique du peuplement, diatomique est élevée par rapport à celle des macrophytes. Les réponses des peuplements aux perturbations ont été analysées. Les résultats montrent qu'elles sont dépendantes de la nature et de l'intensité des perturbations qui agissent sur la richesse spécifique et la structure de ces peuplements. L'analyse réalisée en fonction des descripteurs environnementaux et des variations spatio-temporelle a permis la mise en évidence de nouveaux traits écologiques diatomiques et macrophytiques. L'application des indices physico-chimique (SEQ-Eau) et biologiques (IBD, IPS, IBMR) créés pour l'évaluation de la qualité des eaux douées a permis de discuter sur les limites de leurs applications
This is the first ecological study focusing on the diatomic and macrophytic communities in rivers of an arid plain of the Eastern Mediterranean (Lebanon) subjected to different type of disturbances (natural and anthropic). Diatoms and macrophyte inventories of the species were draw up. The specific richness of the diatomic communities is stronger than the macrophytes. The responses of the communities to the disturbances were analyzed. The results show that they are dependent on the nature and the intensity of the disturbances which act on the specific richness and the structure of these communities. The analysis carried out according to the environmental descriptors and of the space-time variation allowed the description of new specific ecological features. The water quality was calculated by various indices used in France (SEQ-Eau, IPS, IBD, IBMR) and the different values discussed

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Haidar, Hassan. "L'influence des communautés sur le choix des langues au Liban." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR21004.

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Sur un territoire de 10452 km2 vivent dix sept communautés religieuses qui se distinguent les unes des autres et par leur origine et par leur culture. Ces communautés religieuses, fondement de la société libanaise, constituent la pierre angulaire de toute vie culturelle, linguistique, politique et sociale. Ce travail se situe dans une perspective ethnolinguistique car il montre la place des langues à l'intérieur de chaque communauté. Son interprétation ainsi que l'attrait qu'elles exercent sur chacune de ces communautés demeurent riches en explication. Cette étude débute par un apperçu historique sur les langues en usage au Liban, surtout le rôle culturel du français et ses implications sur les communautés. Au Liban, les langues au lieu d'être un facteur d'enrichissement culturel de tous les libanais, sont devenues un sujet de débat et d'antagonisme. Le pluralisme éducationnel demeure en grande partie le responsable de l'effritement de la société libanaise. Reste la question déterminante qui divise toujours les libanais entre partisans et opposants : le bilinguisme et l'arabisation. Comment les chrétiens et les musulmans réagissent face à ces deux thèmes. Que représentent ces deux thèmes dans les différents courants politiques et idéologiques libanais ? Ces oppositions linguistiques se sont métamorphosées en une crise d'identité qui s'est transmutée à son tour en une crise d'appartenance culturelle
In a area of 10452 km2 live 17 religious communities which differ in their culture and origins. These religious communities, which form the fondations of the lebanese society, constitue the corner stone of all cultural, linguistical, political and social life. This work is written from an ethno-linguistical point of view because it shows the place of the languages inside each community. The interpretation of their role as well as the attraction they have for each community poses many questions. This study begins with a brief historical survey of the languages in use in the Lebanon, language rather than being a factor which enriches the lebanese culture, has instead become of debate and antagonism. Pluralism in education remains a major cause of disintegration in lebanese society. More over the lebanese between partisans and opponents. How do christians and muslims react to the two subjects ? What represents these two themes in the different political and ideological trends in the lebanon ? These linguistic opposites have in turn become a crisis of cultural existance

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Sahyoun, Tarek. "Urbanisation et géographie sociale de Tripoli : capitale de Mohafazat (département) du Liban Nord." Paris 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA010537.

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Chamoury, Hammoud Ghada. "La constitution des Sunnites en tant que communauté au Liban et leur actuation à travers l'école." Paris 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA010530.

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Obligés de joindre le Grand Liban au moment de sa création par les Français en 1920, les sunnites libanais. Avaient du mal à assumer leur nouveau statut en tant que "communauté" parmi d'autres. Ce travail de recherche consiste à étudier les processus de leur "communautarisation" et le rôle de l'école dans cette transformation. L'étude est composée de trois parties : L'étude est composée de trois parties : - La première partie est consacrée à une approche historique qui analyse l'évolution des sunnites au Liban depuis 1920 jusqu' en 1990 et leur mutation, petit à petit, en "communauté". 'Cette lecture de l'histoire montre aussi la relation "organique" entre l'essor des acteurs de cette communauté et les institutions éducatives ; - la deuxième partie présente une étude de cas de quatre écoles sunnites prises comme échantillon dans leur contexte socio-politique (les fondateurs, les raisons de la fondation, les objectifs et les résultats concernant le milieu socio-économique des élèves et des enseignants). Chacune d'elles est le reflet d'une idéologie répandue parmi les sunnites à un moment donné de leur histoire. - La troisième partie montre les processus de "communautarisation" des sunnites à travers le dépouillement des résultats du questionnaire auprès des élèves de terminale et de leurs professeurs. Cette partie relève les contours d'une "communauté sunnite" à partir des questions centrées sur l'histoire du pays, la composition de la société libanaise, les communautés, le pluralisme scolaire et la perception de l'identité individuelle et nationale

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Husseini, Hachem El. "Changement social dans un village au Liban : la mentalité tribale au Liban : étude psycho-sociologique." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080841.

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Cette these en deux parties est une etude psycho-sociologique sur le changement dans les societes villageoises aux structures tribales : la premiere partie achevee en 1980, est une monographie d'un village libanais de 6000 habitants appartenant a un meme groupe tribal. La recherche revelait a l'epoque que cette societe etait tiraillee entre les valeurs paysannes et tribales d'une part et les valeurs citadines et modernes d'autre part. En 1992, apres 16 annees de guerre civile au liban, la seconde partie a ete preparee. Cette nouvelle recherche avait pour objet l'etude du changement au niveau du pouvoir tribal a travers "l'elite" du village ; elle nous a permis de constater que le tribalisme est en train de ceder le pas a l'esprit villageois et que la tribu tend a s'integrer dans la societe globale ; la vengeance du sang reste cependant le symbole vivant de l'espirt tribal. Une methode pluridisciplinaire variant entre l'observation directe, le questionnaire d'enquete, l'examen des registres et le recours aux informateurs, fut adoptee dans les deux parties de cette these
This thesis, in two parts is a socio-psychological study of the social changes within selected tribal societies in lebanon. Part one, which was prepared in 1980, is a study of a lebanese village of 6000 inhabitants all belonging to the same tribal group. This research revealed that the community was torn between rural and tribul values from a sode in contrast with urbanized modern values on the other. The second part has been prepared in 1992 after 16 years of civil war in lebanon came to a close. Emphasis in part two focused on the change at the authoritative level among the elite of the village. This shift was the main objective of the new research. It was noticed that the tribal mind-set was becoming more rural in outlook and that the tribe was submerging itself in the society as a whole. Even so the vendetta metality persisted as the symbol of the tribal spirit. Thze methodology of this research honred conventional practices of direct observation, interviews, questionnaires and informants as well as through review of all pertinent documents that were available

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38

Faval, Joseph François. "L'acquisition d'une langue étrangère : conditions sociales et pédagogiques." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H007.

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L’acquisition d'une langue étrangère (le français), en Syrie et en France, connait depuis plusieurs années de graves difficultés. Notre étude se propose d'en rechercher les causes avant d'indiquer d'éventuels remèdes. La première partie traite des professeurs et de sa formation. Pour le faire, nous avons étudié la formation théorique, psychologique et pratique des professeurs. La deuxième partie à été consacrée a montré l'injustice sociale à travers l'enseignement du français dans tous les départements syriens. Pour faire cela, nous avons une enquête auprès des professeurs de français dans tous les départements. La troisième partie a été consacrée à traiter du rôle de la coopération culturelle et technique de la France envers la Syrie et les pays arabes. Une enquête a été menée auprès des élèves du cycle secondaire, en utilisant un questionnaire et un test. Cette enquête nous a permis d'étudier les différents influences sur le niveau linguistique des élèves, celle de l’âge, celle du statut socio-professionnel des parents, celle de la religion. La quatrième partie a été réservée à l'acquisition d'une langue étrangère en France. Une conclusion générale ainsi qu'une annexe terminent cette recherche.

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39

Havemann, Axel. "Geschichte und Geschichtsschreibung im Libanon des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts : Formen und Funktionen des historischen Selbstverständnisses /." Beirut ([Orient-Institut der Deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft]) ; Würzburg : Ergon Verl. in Kommission, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38988290z.

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40

Farah, Caesar E. "The politics of interventionism in Ottoman Lebanon, 1830-1861 /." Oxford : London ; New York : Centre for Lebanese studies ; I.B. Tauris, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377113553.

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41

Pereira, Hudson Henrique. "Processamento, caracterização microestrutural e avaliação das propriedades mecanicas da liga Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/779.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:11:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2130.pdf: 6968456 bytes, checksum: 505fdf9c92f4d73ed148ba801ec77c8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-08
Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Aluminum alloys having a particle dispersion in nanometric scale, which present elevated values of mechanical strength at both ambient and high temperatures have been studied for some time. These alloys are known for presenting icosahedral particles embedded in an α-Al matrix and they are called nanoquasicrystalline alloys, having large thermal stability as their major characteristic. The present work aims to evaluate the mechanical properties and the possibility of formation of quasicrystalline phases in an Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3 rapidly solidified to produce bulk samples. The alloy was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (DRX) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties were evaluated by compression tests at ambient and high temperatures and also by microhardness tests. The results showed refined microstructure and possibility of presence of quasicrystalline phase. Elevated mechanical strength was observed for the alloy even in temperatures up to 300°C, always associated with good plasticity in compression.
Ligas de alumínio (Al) contendo dispersão de partículas em escala nanométrica que apresentam valores elevados de resistência mecânica em temperaturas ambientes e em altas temperaturas já são estudadas há algum tempo. Estas ligas são conhecidas por apresentar partículas icosaedrais embebidas numa matriz de Al-α e são chamadas de ligas nanoquasicristalinas, tendo como característica marcante grande estabilidade térmica. O presente trabalho visou avaliar as propriedades mecânicas e a possibilidade de formação de fases quasicristalinas de uma liga Al92Fe3Cr2Mn3 solidificada rapidamente através da produção de corpos de prova de grande volume. A caracterização da liga foi feita via microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), difração de raios-X (DRX) e calorimetria diferencial de varredura (DSC). As propriedades mecânicas foram avaliadas através de ensaios de compressão em temperatura ambiente e em elevadas temperaturas e através de testes de micro-dureza. Os resultados mostraram microestrutura refinada e possibilidade de presença de quasicristais. Os valores de resistência mecânica apresentados pela liga foram elevados inclusive em temperaturas de 300°C, associados com alta plasticidade em compressão.

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42

Rajab, Mousbah. "Le Vieux-Tripoli (Liban), un espace historique en voie de mutation : problématique et perspectives d'avenir." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010690.

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Le but de cette thèse est d'étudier l'évolution du noyau historique de la ville de Tripoli (Liban) et les principaux facteurs qui affectent ses structures socio-économiques. Pour mettre en évidence ces structures, il était nécessaire de rappeler en une première partie les caractéristiques géographiques et historiques de la ville de Tripoli et, en une deuxième partie, parler de l'état de ces structures, notamment des monuments-équipements, des souks et des quartiers. Après enquêtes et analyses le constat fut celui d'une mutation sociale et économique transformant la vieille ville en un centre commercial aux dépens d'un patrimoine sept fois centenaires et de métiers anciens s'éclipsant devant des "métiers de substitution" (prêt-à-porter, chaussures, épiceries. . . ). Nonobstant cette mutation, l'organisation spatiale de l'espace historique résiste tant bien que mal au "modernisme" contemporain, à la politique économique tertiaire centralisée d'un régime libéral et à une guerre (1975-1990) dont l'une des conséquences néfastes fut la chute de la livre libanaise et, partant, le souci des commerçants de rechercher le gain rapide. Cette troisième partie a appelé une quatrième dans laquelle il s'avéra utile de considérer la relation de la vieille ville avec les autres quartiers "modernes" de Tripoli et l'importance de cette relation dans le développement de l'espace urbain de la ville. Chemin faisant, il fallait mettre en évidence les structures et les infrastructures économiques dont la plupart sont paralysées, non par les effets de la guerre, mais par un système politique régi par des structures hiérarchiques favorisant un secteur tertiaire centralisé au dépens d'une planification à l'échelle nationale. Cependant la responsabilité des tripolitains et des spécialistes est tout aussi importante dans le développement de leur ville, d'où la présentation d'une grille de travail pour amorcer des actions en vue de préserver le noyau historique et de réactiver les structures économiques de la ville.

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Al, Adhami Rima. "La confrontation entre les principes constitutionnels traditionnels et la formule confessionnelle libanaise." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON10016.

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Agnatios, Abijaoudé Roy Antoine. "L'agriculture du Mont-Liban après la guerre libanaise : étude d'économie rurale." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010593.

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Pour pouvoir situer l' agriculture actuelle, notre étude a été menée sur un échantillon représentatif de la population du département du Mont-Liban qui pratique toujours l'agriculture malgré qu'elle soit considérée par la plupart comme étant une profession secondaire ou une sorte de passe-temps qui les aide à améliorer leur niveau de vie à côté de leur profession principale extra-agricole. Cette étude décrit aussi l' état actuel de l' agriculture pratiquée dans toutes les parties de la Montagne libanaise, ses capacités, ses cultures, ses outillages et équipements, ainsi que ses divers systèmes de production et leur performance. Finalement nous proposons en perspective quelques interventions pour essayer d'aider cette agriculture à se restituer, à se développer et à assurer ainsi des revenus adéquats pour persuader les jeunes à ne pas la quitter pour d'autres professions plus lucratives.

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Mazaeff, Chantal. "Une jeunesse populaire à Beyrouth : la communauté et sa mémoire comme réponse à l'imprédictibilité." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0119.

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S'ouvrir au monde à Aïn al-Remmaneh, banlieue populaire de Beyrouth qui reste marquée par les traces d'une guerre civile inter communautaire et intra communautaire, donne une temporalité spécifique aux processus de socialisation que traverse tout adolescent, à l'entame de sa vie d'adulte. Sur ce territoire, objet d'une lutte entre mouvements politiques pour s'en arroger le leadership, des jeunes gens de confession chrétienne, dans leurs pratiques sociales, restent soumis aux injonctions communautaires que véhiculent trois instances de socialisation. Sont en concurrence, les écoles confessionnelles, les Églises et les deux principaux mouvements politiques chrétiens, le C. P. L mais plus encore les Forces libanaises qui s'appuient sur l’histoire de la guerre dans ce quartier pour s'y penser maîtres des lieux. Dans un contexte de cristallisation des identités confessionnelles, nous avons choisi d'observer les sociabilités à l'œuvre pour appréhender comment le rapport à l'autre se dessine, surtout quand cet autre, musulman et parfois voisin, prend la figure d’un étrange étranger. Les liens sociaux et les civilités sont apparus comme inscrits dans une logique de distinction qui sépare plus qu'elle ne relie des individus proches culturellement, mais pris dans les enjeux de la reproduction du pouvoir communautaire. Au-delà de celte dimension micro, un regard large porté sur l'évolution socio historique du Liban montre combien la question identitaire, qui est au cœur des processus de socialisations, continue encore à questionner un Etat libanais aux formes parfois incomplètes. S'il détient à nouveau le monopole de la violence, il reste peu présent dans l'espace symbolique pour transcender ces clivages communautaires. Enfin, la mémoire collective reste inscrite dans cette logique communautaire, et objet de lutte entre les entrepreneurs de mémoire, dans un espace que l'Etat n'a pas su investir, leur laissant le champ libre
To open up to the world at Aïn al-Remmaneh, a popular suburb of Beirut shaped by a civil inter-community war, but most importantly an intra-community war. This gives a specific temporality to the socialization process that every adolescent experiences at the beginning of his or her adult life. Young people of Christian confession remain subject to community instruction involving four major socialization influences: families; confessional schools; churches and political movements. The two main Christian political movements, the Free Patriotic Movement and the Lebanese Forces, lean on this district's history of war to justify their continued dominance. Within this context of tension and the forming of religious identities, we can observe the ongoing socialization process in order to understand bow relationships to other are defined, especially when the other is Muslim and a neighbour or a stranger. Social links appear registered in a logical distinction that transcends culture into community power structures. Beyond this micro-dimension, an overview of the social and historical evolution of Lebanon shows bow identity, set in the process of socialization, intrigues the Lebanese State despite remaining incomplete. Finally, we shall see how the collective memory remains registered in the community logic, and subject to a conflict between the entrepreneurs of these groups memory, in a space where the State did not know how to invest, leaving them to an open field, opponent to a historical and reflexive opus of the Lebanese society

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Harb, el-Kak Mona. "Action publique et système politique pluricommunautaire : les mouvements politiques chiites dans le Liban de l'après-guerre." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX32060.

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47

Jarade, Amine Youssef. "Troubles agraires et conflits entre communautés dans la première moitié du XIXe siècle au Mont-Liban." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE29014.

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Cette these comprend quatre parties. - dans une premiere partie nous etudions l'evolution historique du mont-liban au sein de l'empire ottoman, les principales communautes religieuses, ainsi que les caracteristiques du regime "feodal" en vigueur dans ce pays. -la seconde partie est consacree a l'etude d'une longue etape historique au cours de laquelle le mont-liban avait connu deux dominations differentes sous l'autorite directe de leurs emirs : celle des pachas ottomans jusqu'en 1831, et celle du viceroi d'egypte en syrie (1832-1840). Cette partie etudie l'experience des montagnards libanais avec ces deux dominations ainsi que celle avec leurs chefs directs. - dans la troisieme partie (1841-1845), nous analysons les circonstances qui ont mene les montagnards libanais a la mesentente, au conflit et a la partition du pays. Nous examinons les causes des crises confessionnelles, les caracteristiques du syssteme des deux calmacamats maronite et druze, ainsi que les reformes des ottomans. - dans la derniere partie, nous etudions les resultats de l'application des reformes ottomanes, l'impact de l'occident sur le mont-liban, la revolte des paysans chretiens de kesrouane (1859-1860), la crise confessionnelle de 1860, ainsi que l'expedition francaise en syrie et ses consequences dans ce pays (1860-1861)
This thesis is written in four parts. - the first part studies the historical evolution of mount lebanon during the ottoman emire; the principal religions communities as well as the characteristics of the "feudal" system in operation in this country. - the second part is devoled to a long historical period during wich mount lebanon saw two different rules under the direct authority of their amirs; that of the ottoman pachas up until 1831 and that of the viceroy of egypte en syria (1832-1840). This part studies the experience of the lebanese lebanese population under these two rules as well as that under their direct leaders. - the third part (1841-1845) analyses the circunstances whic led to the discontent, conflict and division of the lebanese highland population. It examines the causes of the denominational crises; the characteristics of both the maronite drize caimacamats as well as the ottoman reforms. - in the last part the resultats of the application of the ottiman reforms, the impact of the west on mount lebanon, the revolt of the christian peasants of kesrouane (1859-1860). The denominational crisis of 1860 as well as the french expedition to syria and its consequences in that country are studied

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48

Kouzaily-Grochtmann, Marlène. "La Famille étendue à Zghorta : société et histoire." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100271.

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49

Ghalayini, Latifé. "La contribution du développement du marché financier libanais à la croissance économique du Liban et du Monde Arabe." Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090034.

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Le Liban a un solide système bancaire qui a une longue tradition et un marché financier émergent qui se développe. L'impact des innovations technologiques et de la globalisation rend intéressant la transformation du marché financier libanais en centre financier pour le Monde Arabe. Cette thèse se propose d'analyser la contribution du développement du marché financier libanais à la croissance économique du Liban et du Monde Arabe. Il s'agit de prendre en compte la nature de ces économies, l'état du marché financier libanais et les moyens de son développement et, les théories économiques, très controversée, sur les effets du développement du marché financier sur la croissance économique
Lebanon has a traditionally robust banking system and an emerging and developing financial market. The impact of technological innovation and globalization is interesting for the transformation of the Lebanese financial market into a financial center for Arab Countries. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the contribution of the Lebanese financial market development to the economic growth of Lebanon and other Arab Countries. Hence, we must take into account the nature of these economies, the Lebanese financial market situation, and how it will develop, as well as, the economic theories which are very controversial when referring to the effects of financial market development on economic growth

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Choucair, Antoine. "La restructuration du secteur des télécommunications au Liban." Paris 8, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA082116.

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A la lumière de la mondialisation, la privatisation, notamment celle des télécommunications, est devenue vitale pour l'économie. Il s'agit d'un processus particulièrement complexe et assez long en général qui nécessite des compétences administratives, juridiques et financières approfondies. L'économie libanaise singulière souffre actuellement d'un déficit budgétaire de 175% du PIB. Selon les hauts responsables du secteur public, la privatisation, particulièrement celle des télécommunications, serait la solution idéale. Cependant, le Liban, pays ultra-libéral par rapport à ses voisins, ne peut approcher le processus de privatisation qu'en remplissant certaines conditions. A cette fin, il est essentiel de définir le rôle du gouvernement libanais dans le nouvel environnement industriel et de réformer le cadre juridique et réglementaire. Il est aussi fondamental d'élaborer une stratégie exhaustive, de promulguer la loi sur les télécommunications, de moderniser les procédures administratives et de développer les services. Ainsi, la privatisation qui contribuerait à éteindre la dette et son service reste la meilleure solution dans un tel contexte
In the light of globalization, privatization, particularly in the telecommunication sector, became vital for the economy. It is an extremely complex and long process in general, which requires deep administrative, legal and financial skills. The singular Lebanese economy is witnessing nowadays a budgetary deficit of 175% of GDP. According to the high ranked officials in the public sector, privatization, especially in telecommunications, would be the ideal solution. But Lebanon, an ultra liberal state in comparison with its neighbors, cannot adopt privatization unless it fulfills some conditions. For this purpose, it is essential to determine the role of the Lebanese government in a new industrial environment and to reform the legal and statutory framework. It is also fundamental to elaborate an exhaustive strategy, to promulgate a telecommunication law, to modernize the administrative procedures and to develop services. Therefore, privatization, which will contribute to reduce the debt and its service, is the best solution in such context

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ligan'

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