Journal articles on the topic 'Lifetime diet'
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Rollo, C. D., J. Rintoul, and L. J. Kajiura. "Lifetime reproduction of giant transgenic mice: the energy stress paradigm." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 8 (August 1, 1997): 1336–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-758.
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Lifetime reproduction of female transgenic rat growth hormone (TRrGH) mice and their normal siblings was evaluated on a high-protein (38%) diet, a standard diet (23% protein), and the standard diet supplemented with sucrose cubes. Compared with those on the standard diet, normal mice fed the high-protein diet showed significant increases in litter size, number of litters, and lifetime fecundity. Number of litters and lifetime fecundity were also enhanced in normal mice fed sucrose. TRrGH mice showed no significant improvements in reproduction on the high-protein diet, but they were significantly smaller. Sucrose dramatically improved reproduction of TRrGH mice, with no reduction in mature mass. The percentage of fertile TRrGH mice increased from 45% on standard chow to 71% with sucrose. The number and size of litters of TRrGH mice also significantly increased with sucrose, mean lifetime fecundity doubling from 9 pups on standard food to 18 pups on sucrose. However, TRrGH mice did not attain the reproductive success of normal mice on any diet. These results suggest that TRrGH mice are energetically stressed by enforced channelling of energy into growth. An immense literature addresses infertility due to energy limitation and stress generally. We synthesize these aspects with growth hormone transgenesis to derive an integrated view of neuroendocrine energy regulation relevant to restoring fertility of transgenic GH animals.
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Breault, David N., Chris J. Johnson, Melissa Todd, Sergei S. Verenitch, and Michael P. Gillingham. "Spatial and temporal variability in the diet of Pacific marten (Martes caurina) on Haida Gwaii: an apex predator in a highly modified ecosystem." Canadian Journal of Zoology 99, no. 6 (June 2021): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2020-0076.
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Knowledge of the diet ecology of apex predators in insular island ecosystems has direct applications to the conservation of endemic species at risk of extinction. We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to infer resource-use strategies of an indigenous predator, the Pacific marten (Martes caurina (Merriam, 1890)), in a highly modified ecosystem on Haida Gwaii, British Columbia, Canada. We used Bayesian isotopic mixing models to estimate the relative contributions of different food sources to marten diet across seasons and during overall lifetime, and to determine how diet varied with different levels of access to marine resources. Isotopes of carbon and nitrogen measured in hair and muscle tissue suggested that marten consumed salmon (3%–17%) and berries (25%–37%) seasonally; these diet groups were relatively minor components of the lifetime diet. Analysis of bone collagen suggested that terrestrial fauna — including birds, deer, small mammals, and invertebrates — contributed the most to diet (41%–55%), and marine invertebrates (38%–48%), not salmon (0%–3%), were the main allochthonous marine nutrient subsidy to lifetime diet. Plasticity in foraging ecology, combined with a broad dietary niche, introduced prey, notably the invasive Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis Merriam, 1898), as well as abundant marine resources, may allow marten to outcompete other indigenous and endemic carnivores on Haida Gwaii.
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Opoka, Włodzimierz, Magdalena Sowa-Kućma, Katarzyna Stachowicz, Beata Ostachowicz, Marek Szlósarczyk, Anna Stypuła, Katarzyna Młyniec, et al. "Early lifetime zinc supplementation protects zinc-deficient diet-induced alterations." Pharmacological Reports 62, no. 6 (November 2010): 1211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1734-1140(10)70384-4.
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Barnsley, Jonathan E., Chanjief Chandrakumar, Carlos Gonzalez-Fischer, Paul E. Eme, Bridget E. P. Bourke, Nick W. Smith, Lakshmi A. Dave, et al. "Lifetime Climate Impacts of Diet Transitions: A Novel Climate Change Accounting Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13105568.
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Dietary transitions, such as eliminating meat consumption, have been proposed as one way to reduce the climate impact of the global and regional food systems. However, it should be ensured that replacement diets are, indeed, nutritious and that climate benefits are accurately accounted for. This study uses New Zealand food consumption as a case study for exploring the cumulative climate impact of adopting the national dietary guidelines and the substitution of meat from hypothetical diets. The new GWP* metric is used as it was designed to better reflect the climate impacts of the release of methane than the de facto standard 100-year Global Warming Potential metric (GWP100). A transition at age 25 to the hypothetical dietary guideline diet reduces cumulative warming associated with diet by 7 to 9% at the 100th year compared with consuming the average New Zealand diet. The reduction in diet-related cumulative warming from the transition to a hypothetical meat-substituted diet varied between 12% and 15%. This is equivalent to reducing an average individual’s lifetime warming contribution by 2 to 4%. General improvements are achieved for nutrient intakes by adopting the dietary guidelines compared with the average New Zealand diet; however, the substitution of meat items results in characteristic nutrient differences, and these differences must be considered alongside changes in emission profiles.
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Hosking, Diane, Vanessa Danthiir, Ted Nettelbeck, and Carlene Wilson. "Assessing lifetime diet: reproducibility of a self-administered, non-quantitative FFQ." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 5 (December 21, 2010): 801–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010003174.
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AbstractObjectiveTo demonstrate test–retest reliability (reproducibility) of a new self-administered lifetime diet questionnaire, with a focus on foods relevant to cognitive health in older age.DesignThe reproducibility of dietary recall over four or five life periods was assessed by administering the questionnaire at two time points to an older cohort. The period between questionnaire administrations was 7 weeks. Polychoric correlations measured the association between recall at time 1 and time 2 and the weightedκstatistic measured the level of recall agreement for food groups across the two administrations of the questionnaire.SettingAdelaide, South Australia.SubjectsFifty-two cognitively healthy, older-age, community-dwelling adults completed the Lifetime Diet Questionnaire; mean age 81·8 (sd4·4) years, range 70–90 years.ResultsThe questionnaire showed very good reproducibility in this sample with a mean polychoric correlation coefficient of 0·81 between administration at time 1 and time 2, and an average weightedκof 0·49 for the level of recall agreement between food groups.ConclusionsThe demonstrated reliability of this lifetime diet questionnaire makes it a useful tool to assess potential relationships between long-term dietary intake and later-age cognitive outcomes.
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Désilets, Marie-Claude, Michèle Rivard, Bryna Shatenstein, and Hélène Delisle. "Dietary transition stages based on eating patterns and diet quality among Haitians of Montreal, Canada." Public Health Nutrition 10, no. 5 (May 2007): 454–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980007222931.
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AbstractObjectivesTo identify dietary transition stages based on dietary patterns of adult Haitians having lived in Montreal for various lengths of time, and to assess associated dietary quality.SubjectsOne hundred and eighty-one Haitians aged 25–60 years were recruited by the modified random digit dialling method.DesignSocio-economic, diet and lifestyle variables were documented by questionnaire. Three non-consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted over a 3-month period. Dietary patterns were studied using cluster analysis, and their association with proportion of lifetime in Canada and with socio-economic status (SES) was examined. Diet quality criteria were micronutrient adequacy and healthfulness based on dietary recommendations of the World Health Organization.ResultsFour dietary phenotypes were identified which could roughly represent stages of dietary transition or acculturation (Traditional, Pre-Western, Western and Modern). Subjects in the ‘Traditional’ cluster were older and had lived for a significantly lower proportion of their lifetime in Canada; they also tended to be of lower SES. Diet quality was significantly higher in the ‘Traditional’ than the ‘Western’ type, particularly with respect to healthfulness. A significantly lower proportion of subjects complying with limited intake of total fat ( < 30%) and cholesterol ( < 45%) was observed in the ‘Western’ compared with other diet phenotypes. Less than 15% of all subjects consumed enough dietary fibre, irrespective of diet type.ConclusionDietary transition stages could be identified on the basis of food patterns of Haitians according to the proportion of their lifetime in Canada. Encouraging the youth to retain the traditional food culture in its positive aspects would appear relevant.
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Mousavi, Seyed Morteza, and Ipek Oruc. "Impact of sustained lifetime exposure to a racially-heterogenous face-diet." Journal of Vision 21, no. 9 (September 27, 2021): 2877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/jov.21.9.2877.
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Codron, Jacqueline, Daryl Codron, Matt Sponheimer, Kevin Kirkman, Kevin J. Duffy, Erich J. Raubenheimer, Jean-Luc Mélice, Rina Grant, Marcus Clauss, and Julia A. Lee-Thorp. "Stable isotope series from elephant ivory reveal lifetime histories of a true dietary generalist." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1737 (February 15, 2012): 2433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2472.
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Longitudinal studies have revealed how variation in resource use within consumer populations can impact their dynamics and functional significance in communities. Here, we investigate multi-decadal diet variations within individuals of a keystone megaherbivore species, the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ), using serial stable isotope analysis of tusks from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. These records, representing the longest continuous diet histories documented for any extant species, reveal extensive seasonal and annual variations in isotopic—and hence dietary—niches of individuals, but little variation between them. Lack of niche distinction across individuals contrasts several recent studies, which found relatively high levels of individual niche specialization in various taxa. Our result is consistent with theory that individual mammal herbivores are nutritionally constrained to maintain broad diet niches. Individual diet specialization would also be a costly strategy for large-bodied taxa foraging over wide areas in spatio-temporally heterogeneous environments. High levels of within-individual diet variability occurred within and across seasons, and persisted despite an overall increase in inferred C 4 grass consumption through the twentieth century. We suggest that switching between C 3 browsing and C 4 grazing over extended time scales facilitates elephant survival through environmental change, and could even allow recovery of overused resources.
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Lee, Richard T., Andrea Amico, David Malaka, Rachel Lewin, Shelly A. Cummings, Marion Verp, Linda Patrick-Miller, Angela R. Bradbury, and Olufunmilayo I. Olopade. "Utilization of Complementary Alternative Medicine, Diet, and Exercise Among Women at High Risk for Developing Breast Cancer." Integrative Cancer Therapies 19 (January 2020): 153473542092261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534735420922610.
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Background: Women diagnosed as having a high risk for breast cancer (HR-BC) often seek different health behaviors (HBs) such as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), diet, and exercise to improve their health and cancer outcome. Methods: Women already enrolled in a multimodality screening study for patients at HR-BC (gene mutation carrier or >20% cumulative lifetime risk) were given a questionnaire to evaluate their use of CAM therapies, diet, and exercise before and after a diagnosis of HR-BC. Patients were also asked to complete the Short-Form 36, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. Results: A total of 134 (67%) subjects completed the survey from the original cohort. General characteristics included a median age of 46 years (range = 24-73 years), majority were White (91%), BRCA1/2 gene mutation carrier (49%), and prior diagnosis of breast and/or ovarian cancer (30%). Almost all of the patients reported a lifetime prevalence of any HB (97%) and CAM utilization (91%). Subjects also had a high lifetime utilization of exercise (83%), herbs and supplements(72%), and diet programs (58%). All of these HBs declined in utilization after diagnosis of HR-BC by as much as 30%. After diagnosis of a HR-BC, a personal history of breast and/or ovarian cancer was significantly correlated with increased use of CAM (odds ratio [OR] = 5.9, P < .01), herbs and supplements (OR = 4.3, P < .01), and diet program (OR = 4.4, P < .01) in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: HBs such as CAM, diet, and exercise are highly prevalent among women with HR-BC, and the utilization of HB decreases significantly after diagnosis of HR-BC.
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Mehta, Rekha, Eric Lok, Donald Caldwell, Rudolf Mueller, Kamla Kapal, Marnie Taylor, Gerard M. Cooke, and Ivan H. A. Curran. "Mammary Gland Tumor Promotion in F1 Generation Offspring from Male and Female Rats Exposed to Soy Isoflavones for a Lifetime." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 1197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.4.1197.
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Abstract The effect of dietary isoflavones in the form of NOVASOY (NS) was investigated on methylnitrosourea-initiated mammary gland cancer in F1 generation female Sprague Dawley rats from parents who had undergone lifetime exposure to variable levels of dietary NS. In comparison to NS-free dietary groups, lifetime exposure of F1 rats to 40 and 1000 mg/kg diets of NS reduced tumor latency, but did not significantly affect tumor incidence, tumor size, or tumor multiplicity. A significantly lower tumor multiplicity was, however, observed in rats fed the soy-based, NS-free diet compared to the casein-based, NS-free diet. An evaluation of a dose-response relationship pointed towards a biphasic effect, with a trend showing lower tumor incidence, lower tumor multiplicity, and lower tumor size in rats fed 1000 mg/kg diet NS compared to 40 mg/kg diet NS; however, the data failed to achieve statistical significance. Histologically, tumor type significantly differed according to the administered basal diet variety and NS dose. Our data and that of others provide conflicting evidence for chemopreventive effects of soy isoflavones on mammary gland tumor induction. We suggest standardization of interlaboratory experimental approaches for establishing low dose-response relationships for soy and its isoflavones to aid in risk assessment.
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Savory, G. A., C. M. Hunter, M. J. Wooller, and D. M. O’Brien. "Anthropogenic food use and diet overlap between red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska." Canadian Journal of Zoology 92, no. 8 (August 2014): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2013-0283.
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Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes (L., 1758)) recently expanded into the oil fields at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, USA, and we hypothesized that the availability of anthropogenic foods may contribute to their success and persistence there. This study assessed the importance of anthropogenic foods to the diets of red foxes and arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus (L., 1758)), and competition for food resources between the two species in Prudhoe Bay. We used stable isotope analysis of fox tissues to infer diet during summer and winter for both red and arctic foxes, and lifetime diet for red fox. While the contribution of anthropogenic foods in late summer for both species’ diets was low (~10% to 15%), the contribution in late winter was higher and varied between species (red foxes = 49%; arctic foxes = 39%). Estimates of lifetime diet in red foxes suggest consistent use of anthropogenic foods. We found moderate overlap of fox diets, although red foxes appeared to be more specialized on lemmings, whereas arctic foxes had a more diverse diet. Availability and consumption of anthropogenic foods by red foxes, particularly in winter, may partially explain their year-round presence in Prudhoe Bay.
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Collins, C. L., R. S. Morrison, R. J. Smits, D. J. Henman, F. R. Dunshea, and J. R. Pluske. "Interactions between piglet weaning age and dietary creep feed composition on lifetime growth performance." Animal Production Science 53, no. 10 (2013): 1025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12009.
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The influences of creep feed composition and piglet weaning age on apparent creep feed disappearance and post-weaning performance were examined. A total of 24 gilts and 72 multiparous sows were selected at farrowing, and their litters allocated to a 2 by 2 factorial arrangement of treatments with the factors being weaning age (22 or 29 days of age) and the composition of the creep feed [simple (diet based predominately on cereals and animal and vegetable protein sources) or complex (diet based predominately on cereals, animal protein sources and 300 g/kg whey powder)]. Creep feed was offered to all litters from 9 days of age to weaning. While creep feed disappearance did not affect pre-weaning growth performance, there was a greater disappearance of the simple creep feed than the complex creep feed from 9 days of age to weaning (776 versus 461 g/litter, respectively, P = 0.004). Apparent creep feed intake from individual piglets in a subset of litters was assessed at three time points (16 and 19 days of age and at weaning), allowing the characterisation of individual pigs as good, moderate, small or non-eaters. There was no difference between treatment groups (χ2 = 6.27, P = 0.71) in the characterisation of apparent creep feed disappearance by individual piglets, however piglets offered the simple creep diet before weaning consumed more feed (P = 0.004) and gained weight faster (P = 0.007) during the first 5 days after weaning than those animals offered the complex creep diet. Feed intake from weaning to 49 days of age also tended to be greater in pigs offered the simple creep diet before weaning (P = 0.053), with this difference reflected in daily gain from weaning to 49 days of age (P = 0.051). Despite these differences, creep feed composition did not influence lifetime growth performance or carcass composition. Pigs weaned at 22 days of age were heavier midway through the weaner period (49 days of age) than pigs weaned at 29 days of age (15.2 versus 14.3 kg, respectively, P = 0.009), and tended to grow faster from birth to slaughter (616 versus 610 g/day, respectively, P = 0.079). These data suggest that the provision of a complex creep diet during lactation may not improve lifetime growth performance above that of a less expensive creep diet. Weaning age may however influence lifetime performance, with weaning at 29 days of age tending to reduce rate of gain from birth to slaughter.
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Wirfält, Elisabet. "Diet And Breast Cancer: Experiences From The Malmö Diet Cancer Cohort." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences 66, no. 3 (December 1, 2012): 101–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10046-012-0003-2.
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Abstract The Malmö Diet Cancer (MDC) group is a population-based cohort (n = 28 098) among Malmö inhabitants, aged 45-73 years at the time of baseline examinations in 1991-1996. Data collection regarding socio-demography, anthropometry and lifestyle was extensive, and included nonfasting blood samples. A high validity diet history was used to determine the usual diet. Information regarding cancer morbidity and mortality from the Swedish Cancer Registry is assessed yearly. Findings support the accepted hypotheses that a lifetime overexposure to sex hormones (modern reproductive patterns) and obesity promote postmenopausal breast cancer. Also, women with high intakes (compared to low intakes) of fibre, folic acid and fermented milk products have lower risk of postmenopausal breast cancer. High intakes of alcohol and energyadjusted fat are associated with increased risk. Also, high intakes of dried soup-sauce-powders and of fried potatoes are associated with increased breast cancer risk. The MDC has two unique assets: the high validity dietary data and the well maintained bio bank. Since a multitude and diverse processes likely contribute to chronic disease the active use of biomarkers has become increasingly important to nutrition epidemiology. Clear information about the diet-breast cancer link is important to many women, because unlike reproductive factors diet is changeable throughout the lifecycle.
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Lawler, Dennis F., Brian T. Larson, Joan M. Ballam, Gail K. Smith, Darryl N. Biery, Richard H. Evans, Elizabeth H. Greeley, Mariangela Segre, Howard D. Stowe, and Richard D. Kealy. "Diet restriction and ageing in the dog: major observations over two decades." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 4 (December 6, 2007): 793–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507871686.
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This report reviews decade two of the lifetime diet restriction study of the dog. Labrador retrievers (n 48) were paired at age 6 weeks by sex and weight within each of seven litters, and assigned randomly within the pair to control-feeding (CF) or 25 % diet restriction (DR). Feeding began at age 8 weeks. The same diet was fed to all dogs; only the quantity differed. Major lifetime observations included 1·8 years longer median lifespan among diet-restricted dogs, with delayed onset of late life diseases, especially osteoarthritis. Long-term DR did not negatively affect skeletal maturation, structure or metabolism. Among all dogs, high static fat mass and declining lean body mass predicted death, most strongly at 1 year prior. Fat mass above 25 % was associated with increasing insulin resistance, which independently predicted lifespan and chronic diseases. Metabolizable energy requirement/lean body mass most accurately explained energy metabolism due to diet restriction; diet-restricted dogs required 17 % less energy to maintain each lean kilogram. Metabonomics-based urine metabolite trajectories reflected DR-related differences, suggesting that signals from gut microbiota may be involved in the DR longevity and health responses. Independent of feeding group, increased hazard of earlier death was associated with lower lymphoproliferative responses to phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen; lower total lymphocytes, T-cells, CD4 and CD8 cells; lower CD8 percentages and higher B-cell percentages. When diet group was taken into account, PWM responses and cell counts and percentages remained predictive of earlier death.
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Hohenboken, William D., Roger T. Bass II, J. P. Fontenot, and William H. McClure. "Nutritional characteristics of Angus cows differing in lifetime calf production." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 71, no. 2 (June 1, 1991): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas91-074.
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Cows with better versus poorer lifetime calf production did not differ significantly in intake or passage rate of digesta under ad libitum concentrate or roughage feeding. On the concentrate diet, better cows tended towards greater fat accretion than poorer cows. On roughage they maintained, while poorer cows lost fat thickness. Key words: Cows, intake, passage rate, fat thickness
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Clayton, Zachary S., Rachel A. Gioscia-Ryan, Jamie N. Justice, Kara Lubieniecki, Matthew Rossman, Melanie Zigler, and Douglas Seals. "LIFETIME EXERCISE ATTENUATES AGE- AND WESTERN DIET-RELATED DECLINES IN PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN MICE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S104—S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.391.
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Abstract Aging is associated with progressive declines in physical function. However, it is unknown if consumption of a western-style diet (WD; high-fat and sucrose, low fiber), compared with a non-WD (healthy diet), accelerates declines in physical function over the adult lifespan, and whether regular voluntary exercise attenuates age- and WD-associated declines in function. To determine this, we studied 4 cohorts of male C57BL/6 mice that consumed either normal chow [NC] or WD with or without access to voluntary running [VR] wheels beginning at 3 mo of age and assessed strength (grip strength normalized to body mass) and endurance (rota-rod distance) every 3 mo throughout life. WD decreased average lifespan by 30% (WD: 18.6±0.5 vs. NC: 26.7±0.8 mo); therefore, function was compared from 3-18 mo of age in all groups. Age-related declines (% change over 3-18 mo) in physical function were accelerated by WD (strength: WD -61.2±10.1%, NC -43.2±10.2%; endurance: WD -97.4±5.1%, NC -65.1±6.3%; all p<0.05 WD vs. NC). VR attenuated declines in physical function within the same diet group (strength: WDVR -34.7±5.1%, NCVR -18.6±5.2%; endurance: WDVR -48.5±5.2%, NCVR -41.4±4.7%; all p<0.05 versus same diet non-VR group). These unique data obtained from a lifelong study of aging in mice, indicate that: 1) consuming a WD reduces lifespan and accelerates age-related declines in physical function by 40-50% vs. a non-WD; regular voluntary exercise (wheel running) prevents this effect of WD on physical function; and 2) regular voluntary exercise also attenuates the age-associated decline in physical function by ~60-130% when consuming a healthy diet.
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Duxbury, Elizabeth M. L., and Tracey Chapman. "Sex-Specific Responses of Life Span and Fitness to Variation in Developmental Versus Adult Diets in Drosophila melanogaster." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 75, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 1431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glz175.
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Abstract Nutritional variation across the lifetime can have significant and sex-specific impacts on fitness. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we measured these impacts by testing the effects on life span and reproductive success of high or low yeast content in developmental versus adult diets, separately for each sex. We tested two hypotheses: that dietary mismatches between development and adulthood are costly and that any such costs are sex-specific. Overall, the results revealed the rich and complex responses of each sex to dietary variation across the lifetime. Contrary to the first hypothesis, dietary mismatches between developmental and adult life stages were not universally costly. Where costs of nutritional variation across the life course did occur, they were sex-, context-, and trait-specific, consistent with hypothesis 2. We found effects of mismatches between developmental and adult diets on reproductive success in females but not males. Adult diet was the main determinant of survival, and life span was significantly longer on high yeast adult food, in comparison to low, in both sexes. Developing on a high yeast diet also benefited adult female life span and reproductive success, regardless of adult diet. In contrast, a high yeast developmental diet was only beneficial for male life span when it was followed by low yeast adult food. Adult diet affected mating frequency in opposing directions, with males having higher mating frequency on high and females on low, with no interaction with developmental diet for either sex. The results emphasize the importance of sex differences and of the directionality of dietary mismatches in the responses to nutritional variation.
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Sealy, Judith, Richard Armstrong, and Carmel Schrire. "Beyond lifetime averages: tracing life histories through isotopic analysis of different calcified tissues from archaeological human skeletons." Antiquity 69, no. 263 (June 1995): 290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00064693.
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Stable-isotopic analyses of human bone, now an established aid to dietary reconstruction in archaeology, represent the diet as averaged over many years. Separate analysis of different skeletal components enables changes in diet and place of residence to be tracked, giving a fuller life-history for long-dead individuals.
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Hosking, Diane E., Vanessa Danthiir, Ted Nettelbeck, and Carlene Wilson. "P4-312: Lifetime Diet And Cognitive Performance In An Older Community-dwelling Population." Alzheimer's & Dementia 5, no. 4S_Part_17 (July 2009): e22-e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2009.07.091.
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Cook, Linda S., Bevin L. Moon, Yan Dong, and Heather K. Neilson. "Reliability of self-reported sun exposure in Canadian women and estimation of lifetime exposure to vitamin D from sun and diet." Public Health Nutrition 17, no. 4 (July 25, 2013): 747–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136898001300178x.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the inter-method reliability of the Ovarian Cancer in Alberta (OVAL) survey developed to estimate adult vitamin D exposure from sun and diet for every tenth year, against the longer Geraldton Skin Cancer Prevention Survey (the assumed ‘gold standard’). We also estimated total vitamin D exposure using the OVAL survey.DesignA randomized crossover design to assess the inter-method reliability of sun exposure (OVAL v. Geraldton survey), using intra-class correlation and estimated total vitamin D exposure from sun and diet.SettingCalgary, Alberta, Canada.SubjectsRandomly selected women (n 90) aged 40–79 years.ResultsThe average lifetime sun exposure of 13 913 h (average 411 h/year) from the Geraldton survey was not significantly different from the 13 034 h (average 385 h/year) from the OVAL survey for periods with sufficient UV radiation to stimulate vitamin D production. The intra-class correlation coefficient for average lifetime sun exposure was 0·77 (95 % CI 0·69, 0·86); the annual average was 0·60 (95 % CI 0·47, 0·74). Estimated vitamin D from diet and supplements increased with age.ConclusionsOur OVAL survey reliably estimated adult sun exposure relative to the Geraldton survey, suggesting that assessing sun exposure every tenth year is a reliable and efficient method for estimating sun contributions to lifetime vitamin D exposure.
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Simonsson, Otto, Peter S. Hendricks, Richard Chambers, Walter Osika, and Simon B. Goldberg. "Classic psychedelics, health behavior, and physical health." Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology 12 (January 2022): 204512532211353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20451253221135363.
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Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that classic psychedelics may be effective in the treatment of some psychiatric disorders, yet little remains known about their effects on health behavior and physical health. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of lifetime classic psychedelic use and psychological insight during one’s most insightful classic psychedelic experience with health behavior and physical health. Methods: Using data representative of the US population with regard to sex, age, and ethnicity ( N = 2822), this study examined associations of lifetime classic psychedelic use and psychological insight with health behavior and physical health. Results: Lifetime classic psychedelic use was associated with more healthy tobacco-related and diet-related behavior ( β = 0.05 and 0.09, respectively). Among lifetime classic psychedelic users ( n = 613), greater Psychological Insight Questionnaire (PIQ) total scale, PIQ Avoidance and Maladaptive Patterns (AMP) subscale, and PIQ Goals and Adaptive Patterns (GAP) subscale scores were each associated with higher odds of more healthy exercise-related behavior [adjusted odds ratios (aOR) (95% confidence interval, CI = 1.38 (1.13–1.68), 1.38 (1.13–1.68), and 1.32 (1.10–1.60), respectively] and higher odds of having a healthy body mass index (BMI) [aOR (95% CI) = 1.32 (1.07–1.63), 1.36 (1.10–1.69), and 1.23 (1.01–1.50), respectively], and greater GAP subscale scores were associated with more healthy diet-related behavior ( β = 0.10). All PIQ scales were positively associated with some health behavior improvements (overall, diet, exercise) attributed to respondents’ most insightful classic psychedelic experience ( β = 0.42, 0.18, and 0.17; β = 0.40, 0.19, and 0.17; and β = 0.40, 0.15, and 0.15, respectively), but only PIQ total scale and AMP subscale scores were positively associated with alcohol-related health behavior improvements ( β = 0.13 and 0.16, respectively). Conclusion: Although these results cannot demonstrate causality, they suggest that psychological insight during a classic psychedelic experience may lead to positive health behavior change and better physical health in some domains, in particular in those related to weight management.
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Nguyen, Binh. "The effect of diet on the fluctuations of human gut microbiota." MedPharmRes 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 22–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.3.1.22.
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It was previously thought that the establishment of the gut microbiota was completed within the first two years of life, and this community maintains fairly stable throughout the adult lifetime thereafter. However, recent evidence shows that the gut microbiota composition is constantly changing in the gut environment and is heavily influenced by diet. The individual differences responding to diets would root on the fluctuations of gut microbiota if dietary fluctuations affect the composition of gut microbiota so significantly.
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Toledo, Pamela, Edwin J. Niklitschek, Audrey M. Darnaude, Félix P. Leiva, Chris Harrod, Sergio Lillo, Vilma Ojeda, et al. "The trophic ecology of partial migration: insights from Merluccius australis off NW Patagonia." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 5 (June 18, 2020): 1927–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsaa065.
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Abstract Partial migration, where migrant and resident organisms coexist within the same population, has been found in many fishes. Although it seems obvious that different life cycles exploit habitats and food webs differently, few assessments about the trophic consequences of partial migration are available. To unveil part of this complexity, we combined otolith chemistry with stable isotope analyses data for hind-casting Merluccius australis habitat use and diet composition at age. By providing detailed information about lifetime variability in diet, trophic position, and prey demand of four M. australis life-cycle types, we show that these groups feed differentially in estuarine and oceanic habitats throughout their ontogeny. Although trophic positions were similar between habitats for juvenile and subadults, substantial differences between life-cycle types were found regarding lifetime diet and trophic demand. Thus, the more abundant and heavily exploited oceanic stock of M. australis was heavily dependent of estuarine habitats within the Patagonian Fjords System, where it consumes large biomasses of Macruronus magellanicus, Pasiphaea, Sprattus fuegensis, and Euphausiidae at earlier stages. We show ignoring trophic consequences of partial migration and life-cycle diversity may produce highly biased results, both in terms of prey and habitat use, which appears critical for multispecies and ecosystem management approaches.
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Hosking, Diane E., Ted Nettelbeck, Carlene Wilson, and Vanessa Danthiir. "Retrospective lifetime dietary patterns predict cognitive performance in community-dwelling older Australians." British Journal of Nutrition 112, no. 2 (April 8, 2014): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114514000646.
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Dietary intake is a modifiable exposure that may have an impact on cognitive outcomes in older age. The long-term aetiology of cognitive decline and dementia, however, suggests that the relevance of dietary intake extends across the lifetime. In the present study, we tested whether retrospective dietary patterns from the life periods of childhood, early adulthood, adulthood and middle age predicted cognitive performance in a cognitively healthy sample of 352 older Australian adults >65 years. Participants completed the Lifetime Diet Questionnaire and a battery of cognitive tests designed to comprehensively assess multiple cognitive domains. In separate regression models, lifetime dietary patterns were the predictors of cognitive factor scores representing ten constructs derived by confirmatory factor analysis of the cognitive test battery. All regression models were progressively adjusted for the potential confounders of current diet, age, sex, years of education, English as native language, smoking history, income level, apoE ɛ4 status, physical activity, other past dietary patterns and health-related variables. In the adjusted models, lifetime dietary patterns predicted cognitive performance in this sample of older adults. In models additionally adjusted for intake from the other life periods and mechanistic health-related variables, dietary patterns from the childhood period alone reached significance. Higher consumption of the ‘coffee and high-sugar, high-fat extras’ pattern predicted poorer performance on simple/choice reaction time, working memory, retrieval fluency, short-term memory and reasoning. The ‘vegetable and non-processed’ pattern negatively predicted simple/choice reaction time, and the ‘traditional Australian’ pattern positively predicted perceptual speed and retrieval fluency. Identifying early-life dietary antecedents of older-age cognitive performance contributes to formulating strategies for delaying or preventing cognitive decline.
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Larson, Brian T., Dennis F. Lawler, Edward L. Spitznagel, and Richard D. Kealy. "Improved Glucose Tolerance with Lifetime Diet Restriction Favorably Affects Disease and Survival in Dogs." Journal of Nutrition 133, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 2887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.9.2887.
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Toraño, Estela G., María G. García, Juan Luis Fernández-Morera, Pilar Niño-García, and Agustín F. Fernández. "The Impact of External Factors on the Epigenome:In Uteroand over Lifetime." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2568635.
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Epigenetic marks change during fetal development, adult life, and aging. Some changes play an important role in the establishment and regulation of gene programs, but others seem to occur without any apparent physiological role. An important future challenge in the field of epigenetics will be to describe how the environment affects both of these types of epigenetic change and to learn if interaction between them can determine healthy and disease phenotypes during lifetime. Here we discuss how chemical and physical environmental stressors, diet, life habits, and pharmacological treatments can affect the epigenome during lifetime and the possible impact of these epigenetic changes on pathophysiological processes.
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Finch, Emily R., Elizabeth Foley, Geehong Hyun, Chelsea Goodliffe Goodenough, Fang Fang Zhang, Kevin R. Krull, Nickhill Bhakta, et al. "Associations between diet quality and chronic health conditions (CHCs) in adult survivors of childhood cancer in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (SJLIFE)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): 12095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.12095.
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12095 Background: Survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk for early development of CHCs, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), low bone mineral density (LBMD), and gastrointestinal (GI) disease. Dietary modification is often recommended for prevention and/or treatment of these CHCs in non-cancer populations. However, associations between diet quality and severity of CHCs in adult survivors of childhood cancer are not well known. Methods: Adult survivors (≥10 years post-diagnosis) of childhood cancer who completed a clinical evaluation and Block Food Frequency Questionnaire were included. Diet quality was estimated using the Mediterranean diet score (aMED), with scores ranging from 0 to 9 (increased scores represent higher adherence to diet). CHCs were graded (modified CTCAE) and classified as “low” (grade ≤1 for LBMD and GI; grade ≤2 for MetS) or “high” (grade 2-4 for LBMD and GI; grade 3-4 for MetS). A multivariable linear regression model was used to estimate the mean aMED score by “low” or “high” disease category, with adjustment for age at evaluation, sex, race, education, total energy intake, adjusted BMI, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Results: 2,822 survivors of childhood cancer (52.4% male, 83.1% non-Hispanic white) were included. The most prevalent diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (34.1%). Time from primary diagnosis was 24.2±8.5 years and age at recruitment was 32.5±8.7 years. Lower adherence to aMED diet was associated with “high” MetS and LBMD, but not GI disease. See the Table for aMED multivariate-adjusted diet quality scores by CHC. Conclusions: In this cross-sectional analysis, MetS and LBMD were associated with poor adherence to the aMED diet. Although longitudinal investigation of associations between diet quality and CHCs in survivors of childhood cancer are needed to determine causal association between diet quality and CHCs in childhood cancer survivors, dietary interventions in early or late cancer survivors may help prevent development or progression of specific treatment related chronic conditions. [Table: see text]
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Cleghorn, Christine, Nhung Nghiem, and Cliona Ni Mhurchu. "Assessing the Health and Environmental Benefits of a New Zealand Diet Optimised for Health and Climate Protection." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113900.
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Population diets have impacts on both human and planetary health. This research aims to optimise a New Zealand (NZ) version of the EAT-Lancet diet and to model the impact of this diet on population health if it was adopted in NZ. The optimisation methods used mathematical equations in Excel to ensure: population diets met the nutritional recommendations; diet-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions did not exceed the NZ GHG boundary; and diet costs did not exceed baseline costs of the average diet. The EAT-Lancet diet was also directly mapped onto the NZ adult nutrition survey food groups, as another estimate of a NZ EAT-Lancet diet. Both diets were modelled using a DIET multi-state life-table model to estimate lifetime impacts on quality adjusted life years (QALYs), ethnic health inequities and health system costs. The optimised diet differed greatly from baseline intake with large amounts of fruits and vegetables, some fish but no beef, lamb, pork or poultry. Modelling nationwide adoption of the NZ EAT-Lancet diets generated large health savings (approximately 1.4 million QALYs), and health system cost savings (around NZD 20 billion). A healthy, climate-friendly, cost-neutral diet is possible for NZ and, if adopted, could provide large health gain, cost savings and reductions in ethnic health inequities.
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Wrieden, Wendy L., and Annie S. Anderson. "Measurement of food and alcohol intake in relation to chronic liver disease." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 18, no. 3 (November 26, 2008): 285–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280208094694.
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It is well established that the consumption of alcohol is implicated in both the cause and progression of chronic liver disease. The quantity of drink that is consumed, the pattern of drinking and type of alcoholic beverages consumed are all possible factors in disease aetiology. The impact of specific dietary components on the cause and progression of chronic liver disease is unclear although it is known that obesity, and hence the over-consumption of energy, is a predictor of fatty liver. Work to elucidate the role of both diet and alcohol in the aetiology of liver disease is hindered by the methods currently available to measure dietary (including alcohol) intake. The validity and reliability of retrospective methods of assessing diet are limited by their reliance on memory and, for the 24 h recall, the short-time period of intake assessed and its inability to assess variability across the week. Prospective methods which measure food and drink intake at the time of consumption, and include weighed or estimated food diaries, are useful for prospective cohort studies but are expensive and have a high respondent burden. For estimation of alcohol intake retrospectively, the Cognitive Lifetime Drinking questionnaire, which prompts responses using a lifetime calendar, is a useful tool but still depends on memory. More work is required to develop valid, reliable and easily administered tools for measurement of both diet and alcohol.
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Lents, Clay A., China Supakorn, Jeff Vallet, R. Dean Boyd, Ashley DeDecker, and Kenneth J. Stalder. "20 Nutritional strategies to manage gilt growth and optimize lifetime productivity." Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_2 (July 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz122.019.
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Abstract Improving gilt development is key to maximizing sow longevity. How to best manage and feed gilts during development is heavily debated. A series of studies were conducted to determine the optimal feeding program for gilts during development. The hypothesis was that metabolizable energy (ME) and standard ileal digestible lysine could be varied under commercial conditions (ad libitum feeding) to optimize body weight gain and composition, age at puberty, and mammary gland development to support increased productivity of gilts. Studies were conducted in commercial production facilities in Iowa and Utah using large numbers of maternal-line gilts that were monitored, under various dietary treatments from 100 to 200 d of age, for growth, body composition, age at puberty and development of reproductive organs and mammary glands. Varying the dietary Lysine:ME ratio (g:mcal) had modest effects on growth and body composition of gilts. Likewise, development of reproductive organs was minimally affected by diet, but slower growth delayed development of terminal lobular ductal units in mammary glands. Growth rates were slowed by reducing dietary lysine:ME ratio below the requirement and increasing fiber. Gilts still had adequate growth (> 600 g/d) and body composition (≥ 15 mm backfat) for good reproductive performance. Although dietary treatments did not affect the average age of puberty (205 d) or the total number of gilts that reached puberty, a greater percentage of gilts fed higher lysine diets exhibited puberty during the first 40 days of boar exposure. Gilts lost 2 to 3 mm backfat once moved from the development unit to the breeding farms, but pregnancy rates were ≥ 95%. Culling of gilts before first breeding did not vary with diet but was considerably higher than expected. Investigation of how these developmental traits affect productivity through subsequent parities is ongoing.
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Wang, Lu, Mengxi Du, Frederick Cudhea, Christina Griecci, Heesun Eom, Dominique Michaud, Dariush Mozaffarian, and Fang Fang Zhang. "Disparities in Health and Economic Burden of Cancer Attributable to Suboptimal Diet in the United States." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa044_059.
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Abstract Objectives Suboptimal diet contributes to substantial health disparities among low-income and racial and ethnic minorities, but influences on cancer disparities are not well established. We quantified the health and economic burdens of cancer attributable to suboptimal diet among US adults overall and in key demographic subgroups. Methods Using a probabilistic cohort state transition model, we incorporated national representative demographics and dietary data, national cancer incidence and cancer survival, diet-cancer etiologic associations, and cancer-related healthcare costs to estimate new cancer cases, cancer deaths, and cancer costs attributable to suboptimal intakes of 7 dietary factors (fruits, vegetables, dairy, whole grains, processed meats, red meats, sugar sweetened beverages) among US adults aged 20 + years over their lifetime. Uncertainties in inputs were incorporated using probabilistic sensitivity analyses in 1000 simulations. Results Suboptimal intakes of these 7 dietary factors were estimated to jointly cause 1.76 (95% UI: 1.69–1.81) million new cancer cases, representing 4.6% (4.5–4.8%) of total cases of these cancers, 1.04 (1.00–1.08) million cancer death, and $215B (206–223) cancer-related healthcare costs in US adults over their lifetime. The top 3 diet-attributable cancers were colorectal (n = 824,000 new cases, 17% of the total), oral cavity and pharynx (n = 204,000, 8.4%), and endometrial cancer (n = 175,000, 5.8%). Among subgroups, diet-attributable new cancer cases per 100,000 population were 16% higher for men (805 [777–843]) than women, 20% higher for non-Hispanic blacks (939 [901–954]) than non-Hispanic white, 12% higher for below college educated (771[727–817]) than college graduates, 14% higher for lower income individuals (income-to-poverty ratio < 1.3: 810 [771–839]) and 21% higher for SNAP participants (872 [830–920]) compared to high income individuals. Similar patterns were observed for diet-associated cancer death and cancer costs. Conclusions Our novel findings suggest that suboptimal intakes of 7 dietary factors are contributing to substantial cancer burdens and healthcare costs in the US, with major additional disparities among key population subgroups. These results help inform dietary and policy priorities to reduce diet-related cancer and disparities in the US. Funding Sources NIH/NIMHD.
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Savietto, D., E. Martínez-Paredes, and J. J. Pascual. "Influences of environment on the development and lifetime reproductive performance in domestic rabbit females." World Rabbit Science 27, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.11968.
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<p class="MDPI18keywords">Environmental insults of different nature and intensity, such as fluctuation in the air temperature, which can affect access to food, its quality and diseases, are a reality in any livestock system. This is much more important when the insults occur in early life, conditioning the development and adult life of animals. In ecology, for instance, it is widely accepted that high quality offspring are more reactive against predators, occupy better territories and find more mates, resulting in longer lives and greater fitness. It is also a given that adults exposed to famine or disease as juveniles have shorter lives and produce fewer offspring. To determine whether the environment influences the development and lifetime reproductive performance of rabbit females, we designed an experiment combining two factors: nest and pubescent development. Nest development was measured by recording the average daily gain of 864 females during suckling and during their pubescent life (63 to 184 d old), and body development was conditioned by providing animals a high-energy control (C) or a fibre-rich (F) diet. However, in the course of the study, 191 of the 864 pubescent females were exposed to rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD). This unexpected environmental insult was considered as a third experimental factor influencing the reproductive performance of rabbit females. Contrary to expectation, fast suckling gain impairs reproductive lifespan, resulting in fewer newborn kits produced in a female lifetime. Although females on diet F lived 37 d longer than females on diet C, this difference was only perceived in their pubescent life. In addition, the exposure to RHD interacted with suckling gain (SG). Exposed females with a fast SG produced more kits as adults, but in the absence of the virus, high SG females produced fewer newborn kits. These results open new insights into the management of future breeders during nesting and pubescent life.</p>
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Peterson, J. K., and D. M. Jackson. "Influence of Sweetpotato Resin Glycosides on the Life Cycle of the Diamondback Moth." HortScience 33, no. 4 (July 1998): 606a—606. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.4.606a.
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Resin glycosides extracted from sweetpotato skins were bioassayed for their effects on survival, development, and fecundity of diamondback moths, Plutella xylostella (L.). Glycosides were incorporated into an artificial diet (Bio-Serv, Inc.) and fed to diamondback larvae. Neonatals were individually fed artificial diet with 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50, and 2.00 mg·mL-1. There were highly significant negative correlations between glycoside levels and survival as well as weight of survivors after 6 days. A significant positive relationship existed between dosages and development time. Lifetime fecundity was negatively affected at sublethal doses. The glycosides are viewed as contributors to resistance to the wireworm, Diabrotica and Systena insect complex.
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Dunshea, F. R., D. K. Kerton, P. D. Cranwell, R. G. Campbell, B. P. Mullan, R. H. King, G. N. Power, and J. R. Pluske. "Lifetime and post-weaning determinants of performance indices of pigs." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 54, no. 4 (2003): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar02172.
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The present study was designed to determine the interrelationships between sex, weaning age, and weaning weight on subsequent growth performance. Ninety-six Large White × Landrace pigs were used in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment with the respective factors being: age at weaning (14 or 28 days), weight at weaning (heavy or light), and sex (boar or gilt). Eighty pigs were offered a high quality pelleted weaner diet ad libitum while the remaining 16 pigs (2 pigs from each treatment group) were removed from the sow and fasted for 24 h before being euthanased for determination of gut histology and enzymology. The remaining pigs were weaned into individual pens and given an ad libitum diet containing 15.5 MJ DE/kg and 0.95 g available lysine/MJ DE. On Day 6 and 13 after weaning, 2 pigs from each group at each time had their feed removed and, 24 h later, were euthanased. From 3 weeks post-weaning, the remaining pigs were group-penned with contemporary pigs and fed commercial rations until slaughter at 23 weeks of age. In the first week after weaning, the heavy pigs and those weaned at 28 days ate more feed and grew faster, and gilts ate more and grew faster than boars over the same time. Pigs that were heavier at weaning were also heavier at every subsequent age. At slaughter, heavy boars weighed more than heavy gilts (110.5 v. 103.7 kg, P = 0.027), whereas this was not the case for light boars and gilts (94.1 v. 94.4 kg, P = 0.96). Whereas there were no effects of sex or weight at weaning on P2 backfat depth, pigs weaned at 14 days had more backfat at 23 weeks than pigs weaned at 28 days (13.1 v. 10.9 mm, P = 0.009). In conclusion, these data clearly indicate that the greatest determinants of immediate post-weaning performance under the present conditions were the age and weight of the pigs at weaning. However, the key determinant of lifetime growth rate appeared to be weight of pigs at weaning or, by inference, birth. Although age at weaning had no effect on lifetime growth rate, early-weaned pigs were fatter at slaughter.
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Xiao, Rijin, Leah J. Hennings, Thomas M. Badger, and Frank A. Simmen. "Fetal programing of colon cancer in adult rats: correlations with altered neonatal growth trajectory, circulating IGF-I and IGF binding proteins, and testosterone." Journal of Endocrinology 195, no. 1 (October 2007): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0256.
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We examined effects of dietary soy protein isolate (SPI) or genistein (GEN; soy isoflavone) during pregnancy on development of colon cancer in male progeny Sprague–Dawley rats. Four groups of rats were used: a lifetime casein-fed group (CAS; control diet), a lifetime SPI-fed group (positive control for protective effect of diet on colon carcinogenesis), a group whose dams received SPI only during pregnancy and CAS thereafter (SPI/CAS), and a group whose dams received CAS+GEN only during pregnancy and CAS thereafter (GEN/CAS). At 47 and 55 days of age, male progeny were administered the intestinal carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM). Tumors, endocrine status, and colon gene expression were evaluated at 20 week post-AOM. The SPI group had 47% decreased colon tumor incidence compared with the CAS group (P<0.05), whereas SPI/CAS, GEN/CAS, and CAS groups did not differ in this regard. Maternal-only SPI increased the percentage of animals bearing multiple colon tumors (P<0.05), an effect not mimicked by GEN. Serum insulin and leptin concentrations were decreased by lifetime SPI (P<0.05), whereas serum IGF-I was elevated in the SPI/CAS group (P<0.05). The SPI/CAS group had reduced serum testosterone levels (P<0.05) and exhibited a tendency for increased mucosal expression of IGF-I receptor and glucose transporter-1 mRNAs. Results indicate an effect of dietary protein type during pregnancy on colon tumor multiplicity and colon tissue gene expression, and serum IGF-I and testosterone in progeny rats as later adults.
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Li, Yanfeng, Jian Zhang, and Robert E. McKeown. "Cross-sectional assessment of diet quality in individuals with a lifetime history of attempted suicide." Psychiatry Research 165, no. 1-2 (January 2009): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.09.004.
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Price, T. Douglas, Corina Knipper, Gisela Grupe, and Václav Smrcka. "Strontium Isotopes and Prehistoric Human Migration: The Bell Beaker Period in Central Europe." European Journal of Archaeology 7, no. 1 (2004): 9–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461957104047992.
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Human skeletal remains from Bell Beaker graves in southern Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic, and Hungary were analyzed for information on human migration. Strontium isotope ratios were measured in bone and tooth enamel to determine if these individuals had changed ‘geological’ residence during their lifetimes. Strontium isotopes vary among different types of rock. They enter the body through diet and are deposited in the skeleton. Tooth enamel forms during early childhood and does not change. Bone changes continually through life. Difference in the strontium isotope ratio between bone and enamel in the same individual indicates change in residence. Results from the analysis of 81 Bell Beaker individuals indicated that 51 had moved during their lifetime. Information on the geology of south-central Europe, the application of strontium isotope analysis, and the relevant Bell Beaker sites is provided along with discussion of the results of the study.
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Su, Ying, Frank A. Simmen, Rijin Xiao, and Rosalia C. M. Simmen. "Expression profiling of rat mammary epithelial cells reveals candidate signaling pathways in dietary protection from mammary tumors." Physiological Genomics 30, no. 1 (June 2007): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00023.2007.
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The role of diet in the prevention of breast cancer is widely accepted, yet little is known about how its biological effects mitigate susceptibility to this disease. Soy consumption is associated with reduced breast cancer risk in women, an effect largely attributed to the soy isoflavone genistein (Gen). We previously showed reduced incidence of chemically induced mammary tumors in young adult rats with lifetime dietary intake of soy protein isolate (SPI) than in those fed the control diet containing casein (Cas). To gain insight into signaling pathways underlying dietary tumor protection, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of mammary epithelial cells from young adult rats lifetime fed Cas, SPI, or Cas supplemented with Gen. We identified mammary epithelial genes regulated by SPI (79 total) and Gen (96 total) using Affymetrix rat 230A GeneChip arrays and found minimal overlap in gene expression patterns. We showed that the regulated transcripts functionally clustered in biochemical pathways involving metabolism, immune response, signal transduction, and ion transport. We confirmed the differential expression of Wnt (Wnt5a, Sfrp2) and Notch (Notch2, Hes1) signaling components by SPI and/or Gen using quantitative real-time PCR. Wnt pathway inhibition by Gen was supported by reduced cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in mammary ductal epithelium of Gen relative to Cas and SPI groups, despite comparable levels of membrane-localized E-cadherin and β-catenin. Identification of distinct Gen and SPI responsive genes in mammary epithelial cells may define early events contributing to tumor protection by diet relevant to the prevention of breast and other types of cancer.
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Ihsan, Arbab, Khalid Ali Khan, Muhammad Sagir, Ahmad Nawaz, Sajid Fiaz, Farkhanda Yasmin, Majeeda Rasheed, et al. "Diet impacts on the biological aspects of pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under controlled laboratory conditions." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): e0258431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258431.
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Background Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is a native pest of Asia and preferably invasion on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crop as a commendatory host plant. Commercially, G. hirsutum is known as white gold and is an important cash crop all over the globe. Limited studies were published to focus on certain dietary compositions against different cotton pests. Therefore, the present study was undertaken in the laboratory under controlled conditions (temperature: 27 ± 2°C and relative humidity: 60 ± 10%) to determine the impact of three different treatment diets (wheat germ meal, okra, and chickpea) on the biological aspects (lifetime, developmental period) of P. gossypiella. Results Results revealed that the shortest larval time of P. gossypiella was observed on the okra feed diet while the longest period was recorded on the wheat germ diet. Meanwhile, the pupation delay was noted on the wheat germ diet. The dietary influence was also observed on adult stages of female and male P. gossypiella (43.00 and 37.50 days respectively) and compared with a standard diet (56.50 and 52.50 days respectively). Furthermore, larval weighed more on the okra and chickpea diet followed by the wheat germ diet, whereas highest pupal weight was observed on the standard diet followed by the chickpea diet and okra diet. Conclusion Developmental parameters were significantly variant across all treatment diets, whereas the higher significant difference was reported on the okra diet. Therefore, the existing data of this study offers fruitful interventions for the future as a modified diet for large-scale and rapid mass production of P. gossypiella larvae.
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Wahls, Terry L., Catherine A. Chenard, and Linda G. Snetselaar. "Review of Two Popular Eating Plans within the Multiple Sclerosis Community: Low Saturated Fat and Modified Paleolithic." Nutrients 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2019): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11020352.
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The precise etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is unknown but epidemiologic evidence suggests this immune-mediated, neurodegenerative condition is the result of a complex interaction between genes and lifetime environmental exposures. Diet choices are modifiable environmental factors that may influence MS disease activity. Two diets promoted for MS, low saturated fat Swank and modified Paleolithic Wahls Elimination (WahlsElim), are currently being investigated for their effect on MS-related fatigue and quality of life (NCT02914964). Dr. Swank theorized restriction of saturated fat would reduce vascular dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS). Dr. Wahls initially theorized that detailed guidance to increase intake of specific foodstuffs would facilitate increased intake of nutrients key to neuronal health (Wahls™ diet). Dr. Wahls further theorized restriction of lectins would reduce intestinal permeability and CNS inflammation (WahlsElim version). The purpose of this paper is to review the published research of the low saturated fat (Swank) and the modified Paleolithic (Wahls™) diets and the rationale for the structure of the Swank diet and low lectin version of the Wahls™ diet (WahlsElim) being investigated in the clinical trial.
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Pérez-Jiménez, Amalia, Helena Peres, Vera Cruz Rubio, and Aires Oliva-Teles. "The effect of dietary methionine and white tea on oxidative status of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)." British Journal of Nutrition 108, no. 7 (December 12, 2011): 1202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511006556.
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Free radicals are continuously generated during an organism's lifetime. In order to understand the involvement in the oxidative status of fish, methionine and white tea were assayed as antioxidant supplements in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). For the purpose of this study, four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated to contain 45 % of protein and 18 % lipid and 0·3 % methionine (Met diet), 2·9 % white tea dry leaves (Tea diet) and 2·9 % of white tea dry leaves+0·3 % methionine (Tea+Met diet). An unsupplemented diet was used as the control. Key enzymatic antioxidant defences, superoxide dismutase (SOD) isoenzyme profile, total, reduced and oxidised glutathione and oxidative damage markers were determined. The results showed that dietary methionine supplementation increased liver SOD activity, while white tea induced higher hepatic catalase activity. Dietary white tea induced a notable increase in Mn-SOD isoenzyme. This is the first study to provide evidence that dietary tea inclusion in fish feeding could be an important source of Mn with metabolic repercussions on antioxidant mechanisms.
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Stolzenberg-Solomon, Rachael Z., Catherine Schairer, Steve Moore, Albert Hollenbeck, and Debra T. Silverman. "Lifetime adiposity and risk of pancreatic cancer in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 98, no. 4 (August 28, 2013): 1057–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.058123.
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Robinson, Sian M., Leo D. Westbury, Rachel Cooper, Diana Kuh, Kate Ward, Holly E. Syddall, Avan A. Sayer, and Cyrus Cooper. "Adult Lifetime Diet Quality and Physical Performance in Older Age: Findings From a British Birth Cohort." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 73, no. 11 (October 13, 2017): 1532–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glx179.
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Kleinteich, Anja, Shawn M. Wilder, and Jutta M. Schneider. "Contributions of juvenile and adult diet to the lifetime reproductive success and lifespan of a spider." Oikos 124, no. 2 (June 12, 2014): 130–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/oik.01421.
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Drummond, H., C. Rodríguez, and D. Oro. "Natural ‘poor start’ does not increase mortality over the lifetime." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 278, no. 1723 (March 30, 2011): 3421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2569.
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Poor nutrition and other challenges during infancy can impose delayed costs, and it has been proposed that expression of costs during adulthood should involve increased mortality rather than reduced reproduction. Demonstrations of delayed costs come mostly from experimental manipulations of the diet and hormones of captive infants of short-lived species, and we know very little about how natural poor starts in life affect wild animals over their lifetimes. In the blue-footed booby, sibling conflict obliges younger brood members to grow up suffering aggressive subordination, food deprivation and elevated stress hormone, but surviving fledglings showed no deficit in reproduction over the first 5–10 years. A study of 7927 individuals from two-fledgling and singleton broods from 20 cohorts found no significant evidence of a higher rate of mortality nor a lower rate of recruitment in younger fledglings than in elder fledglings or singletons at any age over the 20 year lifespan. Development of boobies may be buffered against the three challenges of subordination. Experimental challenges to neonates that result in delayed costs have usually been more severe, more prolonged and more abruptly suspended, and it is unclear which natural situations they mimic.
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Fleischer, Stacie H., Annalisa K. Freire, Katie Brown, Andrew Creer, Dennis L. Eggett, and Susan Fullmer. "Association of Short-Term Changes in Menstrual Frequency, Medication Use, Weight and Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in College-Aged Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 10363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610363.
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To evaluate if experiencing a short-term exposure (18-months) to factors such as menstrual irregularities, dieting, changes in exercise or body weight, and medication usage is associated with bone mineral density (BMD) in college-aged females. A retrospective survey assessing health behaviors during a recent 18-month time period and a DXA scan were completed in 641 females. A total of 45.5% of participants reported amenorrhea during the 18-month time period. Those who experienced amenorrhea had lower femoral neck BMD (p = 0.018), trochanter (p = 0.018) and spine BMD (p = 0.022) compared to eumenorrheic women. Lifetime oral contraceptive usage longer than six months was negatively associated with BMD at femoral neck (p = 0.018) and total hip (p = 0.021). Women who lost weight trended towards having the lowest BMD at all sites compared to women who gained weight. Following a very-low calorie diet during the time period was negatively correlated with spine BMD (p = 0.001). Time spent in vigorous and very vigorous activity was weakly correlated with some hip BMD sites but time spent in extremely vigorous activity was not. In conclusion, females who experienced weight loss, amenorrhea, or a very low-calorie diet within an 18-month period of time in young adulthood had lower BMD. Additionally, oral contraceptive usage for longer than six months during their lifetime was associated with lower BMD.
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Azarmanesh, Deniz, Elizabeth Bertone-Johnson, Jessica Pearlman, Zhenhua Liu, and Elena Carbone. "Does Inflammation Mediate the Association Between Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and Depression? National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2010." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_004.
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Abstract Objectives Lifetime prevalence of depression in America is 5% among men and 10% among women, with slightly higher rates among premenopausal women. Diet and inflammation are associated with depression. We assessed the mediating role (indirect effect) of inflammation on the association of DII and depression (total effect). Methods We used observations from 3 cycles of the NHANES database (N = 10,022). Diet was measured using 24-hour dietary recalls. We used DII to assess inflammatory potential of diet and categorized it into quartiles (Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4). Continuous and major depression were defined using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Systemic inflammation was measured by C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Our multivariable model was adjusted for age, sex, race, BMI, waist circumference, smoking, diabetes, marital status, education, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. We used structural equation modeling to assess the mediation effect of CRP. Results When comparing Q4 of DII to Q1 in the fully adjusted model, of the 0.55 unit increase in depression (95% CI 0.99–1.44, P < 0.001) only 0.02 units (95% CI 0.006–0.03, P = 0.005) were explained by the indirect effect of CRP. The mediation results were not significant in the sex stratified models. After stratifying our population by menopausal status, when comparing Q4 to Q1, the odds ratio for having major depression in premenopausal women was 6.37 (95% CI 2.27–17.92, P < 0.001) and in postmenopausal women was 2.16 (95% CI 1.09–4.28, P = 0.027). No indirect effect of CRP was observed. Conclusions An anti-inflammatory diet may be effective in lowering the odds of experiencing major depression among premenopausal women, independent of its effect on systemic inflammation. Although our findings suggest a significant mediation role of CRP on the association of DII and depression, we do not believe the indirect association was biologically meaningful. As this was a cross-sectional study, future longitudinal studies should focus on lifetime dietary intake and confirm the temporality of association between DII and depression. Funding Sources None.
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Park, Yikyung, Mei Wang, Tuo Lan, AnnaLynn M. Williams, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Emily R. Finch, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, et al. "Abstract A019: Cancer survivor-specific dietary patterns and risk of premature aging in adult survivors of childhood cancer: St. Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE) Cohort." Cancer Research 83, no. 2_Supplement_1 (January 15, 2023): A019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.agca22-a019.
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Abstract Background: Childhood cancer survivors are a growing population at elevated risk for premature aging and age-related chronic health conditions (CHCs) compared to the general population. In the general population, diet affects many hallmarks of aging, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunctions, and molecular and epigenetic changes. We examined associations between dietary patterns and risk of premature aging in adult survivors of childhood cancer. Methods: Adult survivors (18-65 years old, mean [SD] age 31 [8.4] years) of childhood cancer enrolled in SJLIFE between 2007 and 2017 completed a 110-item food frequency questionnaire at enrollment (n=2,904). Sociodemographic, cancer, cancer treatments, and health history were abstracted from medical records; CHCs were clinically validated. Factor analysis was performed to identify dietary patterns specific to the study population. Premature aging was assessed using the Deficit Accumulation Index (DAI) based on 45 age-related CHCs and categorized into low (<0.2), medium (0.2-0.34), and high (>0.35) aging risk groups. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using multinomial logistic regressions adjusting for potential confounders, such as sociodemographics, health behaviors, and cancer treatments. Individuals’ factor scores of each pattern were grouped into quintiles, and a median score of each quintile was entered as a continuous term in regression models. Results: 20% of survivors were at medium- and 8% were at high-risk for premature aging. Survivors at high-risk for premature aging were more likely to be female, smokers, have low socioeconomic status, and have received radiation therapy to head and neck, chest, spine, or abdomen compared to those at low premature aging risk. Three dietary patterns were identified: 1) plant-based, 2) fast-food, and 3) Western contemporary. A plant-based diet was characterized by greater intakes of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and fish. A higher plant-based diet pattern score was associated with a lower risk of premature aging (OR=0.76, 95% CI: 0.62-0.94 for the high-risk group; OR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.79-1.04 for the medium-risk group). A fast-food diet was characterized by greater intakes of sweets, processed meat, refined grains, potato, high-fat dairy, and soda. A fast-food diet was related to a non-significant increased risk of premature aging (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 0.91-1.57 for the high-risk group; OR=1.18, 95% CI: 0.98-1.43 for the medium-risk group). A Western contemporary diet characterized by greater intakes of meat, pasta/rice, pizza, Mexican food, and fruit juice was associated with an increased risk of premature aging (OR=1.36, 95% CI: 1.05-1.78 for the high-risk group; OR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.87-1.26 for the medium-risk group). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that diet plays a role in aging, and a diet rich in plant-based foods may mitigate the risk of premature aging in childhood cancer survivors. Citation Format: Yikyung Park, Mei Wang, Tuo Lan, AnnaLynn M. Williams, Matthew J. Ehrhardt, Emily R. Finch, Jennifer Q. Lanctot, Shu Jiang, Kevin R. Krull, Gregory T. Armstrong, Melissa M. Hudson, Graham A. Colditz, Leslie Robison, Kirsten K. Ness. Cancer survivor-specific dietary patterns and risk of premature aging in adult survivors of childhood cancer: St. Jude Lifetime (SJLIFE) Cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Aging and Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-20; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_1):Abstract nr A019.
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Crisóstomo, Luís, Romeu Videira, Ivana Jarak, Kristina Starčević, Tomislav Mašek, Luís Rato, João Raposo, Pedro Oliveira, and Marco Alves. "High-Fat Diet Promotes a Pro-Inflammatory Environment in Testis and Inhibits Antioxidant Defenses in the Progeny." Medical Sciences Forum 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cahd2020-08623.
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The adoption of high-fat diets (HFDs) is a major contributor to the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide. Herein, we study the impact of an HFD from early age in testicular physiology and sperm parameters in two generations of mice, with a focus on testicular oxidative status. Mice of the diet-challenged generation (F0; n = 36) were randomly fed after weaning with standard chow (CTRL), a high-fat diet (HFD) for 200 days, or a transient high-fat diet (HFDt) (60 days of HFD + 140 days of standard chow). The offspring generation (F1; n = 36) was obtained by mating normoponderal females with those fed a chow diet 120 days post-weaning. Mice fed an HFD for a lifetime presented impaired insulin tolerance, a trait inherited by their sons. The sons of mice fed HFD inherited decreased catalase activity and displayed lower activities of mitochondrial complexes I and IV. Similar to their progenitors, the sons of HFD mice had a higher prevalence of pinhead and bent neck defects than that of the sons of the CTRL mice. The adoption of HFD impaired testicular antioxidant defenses and mitochondrial function in the progeny, which is detrimental to sperm morphology.
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Zheng, Yuanning, Linjie Luo, Isabel U. Lambertz, Claudio J. Conti, and Robin Fuchs-Young. "Early Dietary Exposures Epigenetically Program Mammary Cancer Susceptibility through Igf1-Mediated Expansion of the Mammary Stem Cell Compartment." Cells 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 2558. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11162558.
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Diet is a critical environmental factor affecting breast cancer risk, and recent evidence shows that dietary exposures during early development can affect lifetime mammary cancer susceptibility. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we used our established crossover feeding mouse model, where exposure to a high-fat and high-sugar (HFHS) diet during defined developmental windows determines mammary tumor incidence and latency in carcinogen-treated mice. Mammary tumor incidence is significantly increased in mice receiving a HFHS post-weaning diet (high-tumor mice, HT) compared to those receiving a HFHS diet during gestation (low-tumor mice, LT). The current study revealed that the mammary stem cell (MaSC) population was significantly increased in mammary glands from HT compared to LT mice. Igf1 expression was increased in mammary stromal cells from HT mice, where it promoted MaSC self-renewal. The increased Igf1 expression was induced by DNA hypomethylation of the Igf1 Pr1 promoter, mediated by a decrease in Dnmt3b levels. Mammary tissues from HT mice also had reduced levels of Igfbp5, leading to increased bioavailability of tissue Igf1. This study provides novel insights into how early dietary exposures program mammary cancer risk, demonstrating that effective dietary intervention can reduce mammary cancer incidence.