Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lifecycle'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Lifecycle.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Lifecycle.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Pourrezajourshari, Saba. "Lifecycle Affordability Decisions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862724/.
Full textAbstract:
SpaceX as aerospace manufacturer and space transport service technology company work along to make reusable rockets, their long term plan is to make spaceflight affordable routine. Elon Musk, as CEO, is involved in every step of decision making as he has mentioned in interviews. The rocket's engine has undergone a number of improvements, and to increase its efficiency and power, a number of parts has been reduced. The redesigning process involves several decisions, such as in-house or out-source production. This research provides a practical framework for contractors, suppliers, and manufacturers to build a more reliable, affordable, and low cost supply chain. As a result, the objective of my dissertation is to explore how managers can extend the useful life of their assets and reduce their total cost of ownership. The main research focus for this dissertation is lifecycle affordability (LCA) for capital intensive products when post production costs are significantly higher than production costs. Lifecycle cost is often not considered by firms in a product, service or asset when making acquisition decisions. Firm's acquisition are mainly based on the initial cost of the product. Decision making without considering the entire lifecycle cost of a product impacts the firm's profitability, revenue, pricing strategies, and competitiveness. Evaluating the trade-offs between all the costs involved in the product lifecycle can help firms to have an estimation of costs before making any acquisition decisions. To address these challenges, lifecycle affordability (LCA) considerations can enable firms to focus their decisions on their long-term investment process rather than trying to save on initial cost of purchasing a product. This dissertation presents the following research question: how has lifecycle affordability been represented in supply chain research to date? And what are constructs of lifecycle affordability? To address this research question, the dissertation is comprised of three separate essays. The first essay conducts literature review method to provide a framework for lifecycle affordability that reduces the total lifecycle cost while maintaining the reliability and efficiency of the capital equipment, and identify existing research gaps and future LCA research ideas. The second essay is constructed on a survey-based method and investigations how homeowners' lack of understanding lifecycle cost, and long-term affordability affects their dissatisfaction with the home purchase. A regression model is developed to study the factors that explain Homebuyers' lack of understanding cost, and affordability considerations. The third essay developed an agent-based model (ABM) to study small medium businesses (SMB) when the business organization and the community is hit by a disaster. The objective of the study is to investigate the resiliency and lifecycle affordability management of the community and the small medium businesses.
2
Shin, Andrew G. "Lifecycle readiness and ship deployment." Monterey California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34744.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedHistorical perspective and previous studies have shown motion sickness has a significant effect on some percentage of ship crews, especially during the early phase of the deployment. This research examined the primary watchstander assignments onboard the Littoral Combat Ship (LCS) platform to ascertain the effects of motion sickness on crew manning, proficiency of work, and indicators of reduced effectiveness in carrying out operations. Potential degradations in performance or in quality of performance due to symptoms of motion sickness were correlated with thirty-six primary watchstander assignments typical of the tasks necessary to carry out the various operational aspects of the LCS. The results were tabulated and formed into a Figure of Merit (FoM). The performance and performance quality were divided into five categories: making decisions, analytical tasks, reading, fine motor, and gross motion, each contributing equally to the FoM considered for manning and operations. By correlating the FoM with the watchstander assignments, the degree of impairment for each watchstander was assessed. Six out of thirty-six watchstations had four different performance or performance qualities affected by motion sickness. The results illustrated the expected and reduced operational effectiveness of watchstander performance qualities based on various sea conditions (calm, moderate, and heavy).
3
Novakova, Lenka. "The lifecycle of storm tracks." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69086/.
Full textAbstract:
Local periodic behaviour of storm tracks is found in the North Atlantic, the North Pacific, and in an aquaplanet global circulation model. Such periodicity is suggested to be a result of baroclinic instability that is characterised by nonlinear interactions between eddy fluxes and the mean-flow structure. This periodicity is associated with different processes at the beginning and end parts of the storm track. The beginning part exhibits maxima in both storm track activity and its growth rate, both of which oscillate temporarily in intensity akin to a predator-prey relationship. A nonlinear oscillator model is proposed to describe this relationship quantitatively, yielding a good agreement with atmospheric observations. It is predicted and observed that on average stronger storm events occur less frequently but are triggered more rapidly. Examination of the associated energetics suggests additional importance of the mean overturning circulation and the transport of mean available potential energy from polar latitudes, neither of which were included in the present model. Towards the end of the storm track, the dynamics are characterised more by variability in eddy momentum fluxes and transient jets, the latter often exhibiting periodic latitudinal fluctuations. It is suggested that the above effect of cycling baroclinicity and heat flux induces changes in eddy anisotropy which are responsible for the periodic jet deflections further downstream. On average, low heat flux is associated with an equatorward deflection of the jet, and vice versa. This jetdeflecting effect is characterised by a transfer of the system to a lower-frequency variability, and a mechanism to explain the observed preferred transitions of the North Atlantic jet is proposed. The oscillations in the storm track activity, baroclinicity and eddy-driven jet are closely linked, and can be viewed as describing the spatio-temporal lifecycle of the storm track.
4
Wang, Ami M. "Lifecycle of viral YouTube videos." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97377.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 28).
YouTube was founded in 2005 as a video-sharing website. Today, it's a powerhouse social media platform where users can upload, view, comment, and share content. For many, it's the first site visited when looking for songs, music videos, TV shows, or just general entertainment. Along with the sharing potential provided by social media like Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr, and more, YouTube videos have the potential to spread like wildfire. A term that has been coined to describe such videos is "viral videos." This comes from the scientific definition of viral, which involves the contagious nature of the spread of a virus. Virality on the Internet is not a new concept. Back when email was the hottest new technology, chain e-mails spreading hoaxes and scams were widely shared by emailing back and forth. As the Internet aged, however, new forms of virality have evolved. This thesis looks at a series of 20 viral videos as case studies and analyzes their growth over time via the Lifecycle Theory. By analyzing viral videos in this manner, it aids in a deeper understanding of the human consciousness's affinity for content, the sociology of online sharing, and the context of today's media culture. This thesis proposes that the phenomenon of virality supports the claim of Internet as heterotopia.
by Ami M. Wang.
S.B.
5
Shackleford, Marie Anna. "Lifecycle of the antibacterial Triclosan." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11944/.
Full textAbstract:
With the rise of liquid soaps, and consumers becoming more environmentally conscious, manufacturers have two duties of care; one being to ensure adequate bug inhibition and the other to ensure that an excessive burden is not placed on the environment by any benefit agent. Recently there have been concerns about the excessive use of certain benefit agents. It is key to deliver the right amount of Triclosan (TC) to the right place at the right time so that at least the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration is delivered but not to over deliver which causes waste. The antibacterial TC has been studied as a model active ingredient in surfactant systems and on its own to contribute to the understanding of the lifecycle of active ingredients when used in soap formulations. The effect of TC in sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium laurate (SL) systems has been investigated using a range of physical chemistry techniques including UV-Vis and NMR to determine the increased solubility of TC in surfactant micelles. The effect of TC on the size and shape of SDS micelles has been examined using small angle neutron scattering. The surface tension of TC/ surfactant mixtures was studied to find the effects of TC on the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant solutions: TC decreases the CMC of SDS and the effect is pH dependant. The partitioning of the poorly water soluble TC is dependent on pH as well as the concentration of surfactant. It is important to understand the partitioning in these soap system to understand factors such as bioavailability and deposition. I have proposed a model for partitioning between free TC and TC in micelles, and between anionic and neutral forms based on an NMR study. The phenol form of TC partitions much more strongly into micelles than the phenolate: when there is 1% SDS, there is 700 times more phenol in the micelles than in the bulk, whereas the proportion of phenolate in bulk and micelles is nearly the same. The partitioning of TC into supported lipid bilayers as models for cell membranes has been investigated by Total Internal Reflection Raman spectroscopy. In these experiments, TC was inserted into the bilayer at high pH and rinsed with low pH buffer. In these conditions TC is very resistant to rinsing from the bilayer. When bilayers with mixtures of lipids close to those found in bacterial cells were treated with TC, the bilayers were removed from the surface. The work described in this thesis has contributed to the investigation of surfactant systems in combination with TC and can be applied to other active ingredients in similar formulations as part of product development. I have investigated the state of the active ingredient TC in surfactant formulations through dilution and to delivery to one of the sites of action using appropriate physical chemistry techniques for each stage of the investigation.
6
Ray, Christopher M. "Implementing a product lifecycle management solution." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2005. http://165.236.235.140/lib/CRay2005.pdf.
Full text
7
Inagaki, Masatomi 1960. "An integrated electronic/paper document lifecycle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80221.
Full text
8
Hines, Erisa K. (Erisa Kimberly). "Lifecycle perspectives on product data management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34141.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-109).
Implementing a new IT system often requires the enterprise to transform in order to maximally leverage the capabilities generated by the new system. The challenge in using IT as an enabler to change arises from the need to synergistically redesign processes, develop and implement a solution using internal talent and external suppliers, and establish adoption by users. Product Data Management (PDM) technology represents a substantial portion of large industry IT investment over the last decade. The ability to manage and deliver product data throughout the lifecycle has become increasingly important to the aerospace enterprise as products become more complex, cost and development cycles shorten, and customer, partner, and supplier relationships evolve. Currently, the aerospace community does not have capability to provide traceability from requirements and design through field maintenance. While initially an attempt to understand the application of PDM in product development, what emerged was a study in how PDM affects and enables lean enterprise transformation. The selection, development, and deployment of PDM solutions were studied in the aerospace industry in order to enable better implementation decisions in varying complex environments. Organizational, technical, and cultural factors were considered as they contribute to a PDM's effectiveness. .
(cont.) A current-state observation of nine aerospace company sites highlights the difficulty in reaching the technology's full potential to deliver customer value. Data show that PDMs are being used primarily to manage design engineering data and are not tightly integrated with other business systems. The data also show a distinct difference between prime and supplier companies' spending on and capability of their respective data management systems. While the value of PDM to product development includes better data quality, traceability and transparency, value to the enterprise is also found beyond the traditional role of PDM. Looking horizontally across the lifecycle and vertically through the hierarchical relationships, PDM provides opportunities for organizational and process change and stakeholder involvement, both important tenets for evolving into a lean enterprise. This conclusion is supported by both the site interviews and the two case studies
by Erisa K. Hines.
S.M.
9
Al-Nuaimi, Mina, and Lina Widegren. "Component remanufacturing for improved lifecycle utilization." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-52845.
Full textAbstract:
Remanufacturing is the process of collecting end-of-life products from customers and then being dissembled, reprocessed and reassembled to create new products to meet the customers’ needs. The economic viability of the implementation of a remanufacturing strategy has being shown among many companies in the automobile industry. Also, the economic profitability of the remanufacturing process has been proven in many industrial case studies. Cummins Scania XPI Manufacturing in Södertälje considers implementing a remanufacturing process for their returned components, but there is a lack of a foundation of whether this process will provide an economic profitability or not. In order to decide whether the remanufacturing is profitable for the company, there are some factors to consider. This research aims to identify the reasons behind implementing a remanufacturing process and the factors that affect the economical profitability of it. In order to answer the research questions, a theoretical investigation as well as several interviews with Cummins Scania XPI Manufacturing in Södertälje and Cummins XPJ in Mexico has been done. The aim with the interviews with Cummins Scania XPI in Södertälje was to identify what factors they want to consider when determining whether the remanufacturing process can be economic beneficial for them. The interview with Cummins XPJ was done in order to get an understanding how their remanufacturing process work. The result shows that there can be three main reasons behind implementing a remanufacturing process: economic benefits, environmental benefits as well as legislation. When it comes to the considered factors when implementing the remanufacturing process, the reverse logistic with the aim to remanufacture is important to consider since the remanufacturing is a fundamental process of it. Thereafter the possible factors that can be occurred are one-time costs such as prices of machines, fixed costs such as operators’ costs and where to implement the process. The results of this research provide a possibility for companies to determine whether the remanufacturing process is economically profitable for them.
10
MARTINEZ, GOMEZ JAVIER MAURICIO. "Visualization Model for Product Lifecycle Management." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2529893.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, new business strategies as the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) are implemented by
manufacturing industries in order to design and build better quality products more effectively. The PLM
contributes to improve the product development process through the efficient administration of all
technical information involved. It operates through multiple software solutions and incorporates all the
information about the product. Up to now most of companies only integrate information from
CAD/CAM/CAE software into a database managed from a PDM system (Product Data Management). As
a matter of fact this way of proceding provides better results for companies, such as time/cost reduction
of product production, Nevertheless important questions raise: are these the products that people really
need? Are these products developed taking into account the final user's viewpoint? Are them sustainable
for the community and the environment? Are social, economical, environmental issues taken into
consideration? The answer is usually 'no'. We must remember that it is important to build the product in a
correct way but it is even more important to build 'the right' product.
The Human Centred Design (HCD) is a methodological approach which aims to develop products that
are easy to use, to understand, and worry-free for the users. The HCD process helps to promote
innovation that starts within the community and promotes the concept of “universal design” to enable
users' participation during the entire product's lifecycle.
Accordingly, it is crucial to combine the benefits of a business strategy, as the PLM, with the advantages
of a design social strategy, as HCD. This work shows a model to incorporate HCD into PLM based on
different methodological approaches, especially those related with the role of Industrial Designer (‘Design
for X’). The model identifies what is done (process areas and activities), when it is done (workflows), who
does what (roles - skills) and how it can be done better (methods and tools) mainly from a designer's
perspective.
With the support of Master of Science students, some case studies have been developed for each single
product lifecycle process' area in order to validate the model. These case studies evaluate the
convenience of the model as processes' design tool and ensured that the information collected from the
users can be deployed in a PLM system. The work has been mainly focused in the process areas of
Requirements Management, Product Design, Product Testing and Product Configuration and Change
Management.
The model elaborated through this work has proven to be a convenient tool for the identification of user's
issues, aims and solutions in order to make on-going improvements to business processes involving the
users themselves. It also applies the principles of the HCD to the PLM promoting the design process and
offering a way to build products based on the physical and cognitive characteristics of human beings.
11
Francese, Mattia <1994>. "The startup lifecycle: a challenging enterprise." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14055.
Full textAbstract:
Startups are innovative companies with a scalable and repeatable business model aiming to create and maintain their market. This type of activity has a high-risk rate: in fact, 90% of start-ups fail according to statistical analysis. Thanks to these data consideration this thesis attempts to understand the reasons often leading to the failure of innovative companies, both at the micro and macro level. The first chapter proposes a definition of Startup which is still open to discussion, together with the analysis of both fundamental aspects of an innovative enterprise and the Italian system. Trough the micro-level analysis, it compares researches made in the last twenty years, the American research delivered by CBS Insights and the interviews collected during the research with professionals in the sector. The chapter concludes with strategical suggestions to avoid the failure during the life cycle. The macro-level analysis is divided into two parts. The first part measures the distance between the Italian context and more developed countries. The second chapter, through a statistical model, shows the importance of the entrepreneur’s background. The thesis aims at demonstrating how the research is understandable both by subjective obstacles and some related to the Italian law issued in 2012. This law has led to an increase in the innovative ventures, but the present external conditions are not favorable yet.
12
Myhill, Carl. "Facilitating the comprehension of human-computer interaction design intent within a software team." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/825.
Full textAbstract:
A large proportion of today’s software development is unsuccessful. One reason for
this is thought to be lack of attention to the user. Maintaining a user-centred focus
during software production is regarded as a major problem. Introducing an HCI
designer role into the software team (they usually function as external advisors) is
thought to be a means of addressing this problem.
Issues surrounding the introduction of an HCI designer role into software teams were
explored by a qualitative investigation. Participant-observation studies were carried out
on two year-long software projects, with the researcher performing the role of HCI
designer within the software teams. Aspects of comprehension within the team were
found to be fundamental to successful collaboration. Prototypes were found to be an
effective means of facilitating team members' comprehension of HCI design intent, and
of maintaining conceptual integrity. However, this use of prototypes was flawed
because they introduced the potential for ambiguity and they were inaccessible.
Focusing on the collaboration of the HCI designer and programmers, requirements for a
prototype-centred explanation tool were specified to exploit the potential of prototyping
to facilitate comprehension, by addressing the flaws discovered. Such a tool, called
‘ProtoTour’, was designed and implemented, based on the requirements specified.
An experiment was conducted with 22 commercial programmers to ascertain whether a
ProtoTour representation of an existing, commercially developed prototype, facilitated
comprehension more effectively and was more accessible than a conventional
prototype. Results of the experiment found that programmers using ProtoTour gained a
significantly better understanding of HCI design intent, than programmers using a
conventional prototype. Those using ProtoTour also asked the HCI designer
significantly fewer questions about the HCI design intent. Results suggest that
prototype-centred explanation tools have the potential to improve programmers’
comprehension of HCI design intent.
Introducing an HCI designer into a software team was found to be an effective way of
improving the user-centred focus of software during production. A prototype-centred
explanation tool appears to have potential as a means of helping programmers
comprehend HCI design intent.
13
Westin, Christer, and Peter Lundgren. "Application Lifecycle Management: : En studie av två Application Lifecycle Management system och deras stöd för systemutveckling i projektform." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59154.
Full textAbstract:
Application Lifecycle Management (ALM) is a genre of computerized systems which allows system development corporations to efficiently and more easily manage, maintain and handle the applications lifecycle. These ALM systems have a wide variety of tools which can be integrated to enable and support collaborative work, while they act at the core of the organisation. Todays ALM systems support flexible system development methods throughout the entire development process. This paper focuses on a case-study of a Swedish business- and technology corporation and their use of two ALM systems with an aim to unravel the differences between these systems and their functionality to serve as a basis for decision making regarding their utilization of best practice with their ALM-Systems. Meanwhile we studied their approach to ALM systems to see if they were using them according to the initial idea of ALM systems. The study is of a qualitative characteristic and both semi-structured interviews with employees and self-gathered data have been used to enable our research and the creation of benchmarks. The results from our study show that the corporation uses both their ALM systems as intended from the initial idea, but we have identified a need to integrate one of the ALM systems with their costumer support portal through a web service. To enable this integration they will raise the amount of affordance to a distinctive degree due to the seamless connection and communication between the ALM system and the customer portal.
14
Widiputri, Diah Indriani. "Incorporating human factors into process plant lifecycle." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-74469.
Full textAbstract:
Major accidents in the process industries occurred mostly as an outcome of multiple failures in different safety barriers and their interrelation with unsafe acts by frontline operators. This has become the reason why safety analyses in terms of plant technical aspects cannot be performed independently from analysing human response to the changing technology. Unsafe acts and errors by operators must be seen as a symptom of system insufficiencies and underlying problems, rather than as the cause of an accident. With this paradigm, the need to optimally configure the system and the whole working condition to understand human’s limitation and requirements becomes very evident. It is too naive to desire that human operators make zero error by asking them to change their behaviour and to perfectly adapt to the system. Human Factors (HF) attempts to cope with the need to understand the interrelation between human operators, the technology they are working with and the management system, with the aim to increase safety and efficiency. In achieving this goal, HF must be incorporated into the whole plant lifecycle, from the earliest design stage to plant operation and modifications. Moreover, HF analysis must comprise all kinds of operators’ activities and responsibilities in operating process plants, which can include manual works in field and supervisory control conducted remotely from a control centre/room. This work has developed techniques that provide systematic way to incorporate HF into process plant lifecycle. The new HF analysis technique, PITOPA-Design, in a combination with the classic PITOPA, is applicable for an implementation during design and operation of a plant. With the awareness that safety analysis and HF cannot be performed separately, an interconnection with HAZOPs is made possible by means of this new technique. Moreover, to provide a systematic analysis of operators’ work in control room, an additional technique, the PITOPA-CR was also developed. This HF technique can as well be integrated into a general HF analysis both during design phase and plant operation. In addition to it, results coming from PITOPA-CR will provide information required to optimally configure control and alarm system, as well as the whole alarm management system to better understand the limitation and requirements of control room operators. The structure of the development can be described as follows: i) Development of HAZOPA (the Hazards and Operator Actions Analysis), which provides the interconnection between HF analysis and HAZOPs, ii) Development of PITOPA-Design, a technique to incorporate HF consideration into design phase, which is differentiated into 3 stages to comprise the conceptual design, the basic engineering and the detail engineering phase, iii) Development of PITOPA-CR, a technique for HF analysis in control room, iv) Integration of PITOPA-CR into alarm management system, development of a technique for alarm prioritizationSchwere Unfälle in der Prozessindustrie erfolgen meist aus einem Zusammenspiel mehrerer verschiedener Fehler und der gleichzeitigen Wechselwirkung mit falschem menschlichem Handeln. Dabei sind diese Fehlhandlungen nicht als Unfallursache anzusehen, sondern sie resultieren aus Fehlern, die in dem System selbst zu finden sind. Aus diesem Grund kann bei der Sicherheitsanalyse die technische Analyse nicht unabhängig von der Betrachtung des Human Factors (HF) durchgeführt werden. Um eine Reduzierung der Fehlhandlungen zu erreichen, müssen das Anlagendesign, die Bedienbarkeit und die Arbeitsumgebung an die menschlichen Fähigkeiten angepasst werden. Human Factors (HF) betrachtet die Interaktion zwischen menschlichen, technischen und organisatorischen Aspekten einer Anlage, mit dem Ziel die Sicherheit und Effektivität der Anlage zu optimieren. Dafür ist eine Einbindung von HF in den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Anlage notwendig. So müssen HF- Analysen nicht nur während des Betriebs einer Anlage und bei Prozessmodifikationen durchgeführt werden, sondern auch während des gesamten Design- Prozesses, da gerade in den frühen Design-Phasen das Optimierungspotential besonders hoch ist. Eine solche Analysemethode muss alle Aufgaben eines Operators erfassen, so dass zwischen manueller Arbeit und der Arbeit in der Leitwarte unterschieden werden muss. In dieser Arbeit wurden Analysentechniken entwickelt, die einen systematischen Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung des HF über den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage darstellen. Mit Hilfe der neuen Analysemethode, PITOPA-Design, können Untersuchungen sowohl während der Designphase als auch während des Betriebs einer Anlage durchgeführt werden. Da solche HF-Analyse immer in Verbindung mit einer klassischen Sicherheitsanalyse erfolgen muss, bindet die neue Methode die HAZOP-Analyse direkt ein. Darüber hinaus wurde ein weiterer Ansatz für die Analyse von Operatorhandlungen in einer Messwartenarbeit entwickelt. Diese neue Analysentechnik, PITOPA-CR, bildet die Grundlage für Verbesserungen im Alarmsystem und wird in das Alarmmanagementsystem eingebunden. Die Arbeit ist wie folgt strukturiert: i) Entwicklung von HAZOPA (the Hazards and Operator Actions Analysis). Diese Methode stellt die Einbindung der HF-Analyse in HAZOP dar. ii) Entwicklung von PITOPA-Design, zur HF-Analyse während des gesamten Designprozesses einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage. Die Methode wurde in 3 Teile eingeteilt, um die drei Designsphasen Conceptual-, Basic-, und Detail-Design zu erfassen. iii) Entwicklung von PITOPA-CR, zur HF-Analyse in der Messwarte. iv) Einbindung von PITOPA-CR in das Alarmmanagementsystem und Entwicklung einer Technik zur Alarmpriorisierung
15
Barresi, John Francis Jr II. "A lifecycle framework for integrated facilities management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23193.
Full text
16
Jallow, Abdou Karim. "Integrated lifecycle requirements information management in construction." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8522.
Full textAbstract:
Effective management of information about client requirements in construction projects lifecycle can contribute to high construction productivity; within budget and schedule, and improve the quality of built facilities and service delivery. Traditionally, requirements management has been focused at the early stages of the construction lifecycle process where elicited client requirements information is used as the basis for design. Management of client requirements does not extend to the later phases. Client requirements often evolve and change dramatically over a facility's life. Changing client requirements is one of the principal factors that contribute to delays and budget overruns of construction projects. This results in claims, disputes and client dissatisfaction. The problems of current requirements management process also include: lack of integrated and collaborative working with requirements; lack of integrated requirements information flow between the various heterogeneous systems used in the lifecycle processes, and between the multiple stakeholders; inefficient and ineffective coordination of changes within the lifecycle processes; manual checking of dependencies between changing requirements to facilitate assessment of cost and time impact of changes. The aim of the research is to specify a better approach to requirements information management to help construction organisations reduce operational cost and time in product development and service delivery; whilst increasing performance and productivity, and realising high quality of built facilities. In order to achieve the aim and the formulated objectives, firstly, a detailed review of literature on related work was conducted. Secondly, the research designed, developed and conducted three case studies to investigate the state-of-the-art of managing client requirements information. A combination of multiple data collection methods was applied which included observations, interviews, focus group and questionnaires. Following this, the data was analysed and problems were identified; the necessity for a lifecycle approach to managing the requirements information emerged. (Continues...).
17
Rea, Tracy. "A talent transfer lifecycle model in sport." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/28842.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis focussed on examining the talent transfer experiences as lived by the athletes whom went through transitions. The purpose was to examine why athletes chose to continue in their pursuit of international competition by switching sports as well as understanding how they managed the process and their own unique experiences. Talent transfer is a process occurring when an athlete ceases or reduces their involvement in a sport in which they have invested significant time and concentrates their efforts in a sport that is new to them but involving similar skills. The process comprises of athletes who might be able to perform if fast tracked into other sports with sporting organisations seeing the benefits of this alternative talent identification (TID) system with specific examples of success. The first study (chapter 3) examined the athletes' experiences through the transition of talent transfer. Ten athletes were interviewed: five from a supported talent transfer programme (UK Sport/National Governing Body: NGB); and five that went through the process of their own accord (informally). The purpose of the second study (chapter 4) was to examine the subjective experiences and one athlete's meaning of the talent transfer process, who moved from judo to cycling and internationally medalled in both. A life history was chosen as the methodology in which to convey the information gathered through the process. The purpose of the third study (chapter 5) was to explore 10 purposeful athletes' experiences of the talent transfer process to understand their unique experiences within a supported NGB programme through unstructured interviews. The results from all three studies are discussed and culminate in a model of the talent transfer process (chapter 6) with limitations and future research directions also discussed. In conclusion, the findings offer a unique examination into athletes' experiences through the Talent Transfer Lifecycle Model.
18
Millette, Lucien. "Improving the Knowledge-Based Expert System Lifecycle." UNF Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/407.
Full textAbstract:
Knowledge-based expert systems are used to enhance and automate manual processes through the use of a knowledge base and modern computing power. The traditional methodology for creating knowledge-based expert systems has many commonly encountered issues that can prevent successful implementations. Complications during the knowledge acquisition phase can prevent a knowledge-based expert system from functioning properly. Furthermore, the time and resources required to maintain a knowledge-based expert system once implemented can become problematic. There are several concepts that can be integrated into a proposed methodology to improve the knowledge-based expert system lifecycle to create a more efficient process. These methods are commonly used in other disciplines but have not traditionally been incorporated into the knowledge-based expert system lifecycle. A container-loading knowledge-based expert system was created to test the concepts in the proposed methodology. The results from the container-loading knowledge-based expert system test were compared against the historical records of thirteen container ships loaded between 2008 and 2011.
19
Bungert, Frederik. "Pattern-basierte Entwicklungsmethodik für Product-lifecycle-Management." Aachen Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/998579483/04.
Full text
20
Gerhard, Detlef, and Touba Rahmani. "PDM based Lifecycle Analysis – A Case Study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-228190.
Full textAbstract:
To facilitate collaborative design in vocational education institutions, we have conducted a project to establish a nationwide PDM platform for four different schools spread all over the country. The particular aim of a follow up project introduced in this paper is to sensitize the participating students to sustainable design and lifecycle assessment (LCA) and provide them with hands-on tools through the PDM platform to accomplish these tasks. As a collaborative case study project, a cordless drill driver was chosen to be re-designed with respect to Ecodesign aspects. Since LCA is truly a holistic task, we focused on the ecological aspects of material and production stage.
Distribution, usage and end-of-life stages were left out as well as economic and social aspects. The drill driver was divided into housing, drill chuck, gear and power unit. Each component was assigned to one of the schools and had to be designed with respect to reduced environmental impacts. Since different CAD systems are used the decision to provide the needed tools and environmental information within the PDM platform rather than CAD environment was easy. Some of the PDM systems on the market do also provide lifecycle analysis modules but it is rather a black box approach than a transparent data and reporting source. Because LCA heavily relies on the method itself and the way analysis is conducted we decided to develop our own tools. Therefore, a new, adapted interface was developed using open source business intelligence software called Pentaho to facilitate on the fly reporting and analytics of the work in progress by the users. Furthermore, the Ecoinvent database was connected to the PDM system to provide required information on carbon footprint and cumulated energy demand. The paper discusses strength and weaknesses of tools and methods with respect to the introduced case study and gives an outlook on ontology representation for the data model for better analysis capabilities.
21
Hefnawy, Ahmed. "Lifecycle-based Modeling of Smart City Ecosystem." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2014.
Full textAbstract:
Le développement, l'exploitation et la maintenance des systèmes urbains intelligents sont des tâches très complexes et impliquent de nombreux acteurs de différentes disciplines et domaines. Dans la plupart des cas, ces systèmes se trouvent à différentes phases de conception, de déploiement et d'exploitation, c'est-à-dire à différentes phases de leur cycle de vie. Par conséquent, les concepts de gestion du cycle de vie sont très importants pour mieux gérer le développement des villes intelligentes en tant qu'écosystème complet à travers les différentes phases du cycle de vie. Cet argument est étayé par les résultats de notre enquête sur les villes intelligentes, où les informations récoltées des parties prenantes interrogées prouvent la pertinence d’une approche cycle de vie pour répondre aux neuf préoccupations identifiées; non alignement sur les objectifs stratégiques, échec réglementaire au niveau des différentes phases, retard dans le «time to market», processus disjoints, partage des connaissances et traçabilité des données difficiles, échange inefficace de données/informations; et utilisation inefficace et inefficiente des infrastructures. Pour répondre aux préoccupations mentionnées ci-dessus, cette thèse propose l'application des éléments fondamentaux du cycle de vie aux villes intelligentes, ce qui nécessite l'introduction de la notion de temps dans la modélisation urbaine intelligente en ajoutant le point de vue « cycle de vie » comme nouvelle dimension de leurs architectures multicouches. L'approche proposée comprend deux éléments. Le premier est le modèle tridimensionnel qui permet aux développeurs de villes intelligentes d'envisager trois points de vue : les couches de l'architecture, le temps (phases du cycle de vie) et les domaines. Le deuxième correspond à la notion d'interaction qui permet l'intégration entre les systèmes de gestion du cycle de vie et les plateformes IoT. Cette approche est validée à travers un cas d'utilisation d’un système de stationnement intelligent « Smart Parking », proposé dans le cadre de la Coupe du Monde™ de la FIFA 2022. Le système de stationnement intelligent proposé est stratégiquement aligné sur les objets Smart Qatar et relie toutes les parties prenantes concernées à travers les différentes phases du cycle de vie. Pour assurer l'interopérabilité sémantique, le système de stationnement intelligent utilise les normes DATEX II pour les données statiques et dynamiques liées au stationnement. Enfin, le cas d'utilisation met l'accent sur l'intégration entre les données liées au cycle de vie et les données IoT à travers l'interaction entre un système de cycle de vie Aras Innovator® (construction de nomenclatures, gestion de configurations, etc.) et une plate-forme d’implémentation de référence IoT O-MI/O-DF (publication peer-to-peer, découverte d'informations liées au stationnement sous une forme agrégée)Smart city system development, operation and maintenance are very complex tasks and involve numerous stakeholders from different disciplines and domains. In most cases, these systems are at different phases of design, deployment and operation, i.e. at different phases of lifecycle. Hence, lifecycle management concepts are very important to better manage smart city development as a complete ecosystem across different phases of lifecycle. This argument is supported by the findings of our smart city survey, where the information gathered from interviewed stakeholders proves the relevance of a lifecycle approach to address the identified nine concerns; non-alignment to strategic objectives, regulatory failure at different phases, delay in “time to market”, disjointed processes, difficult knowledge sharing and data traceability, inefficient and delayed exchange of data/ information, and inefficient and ineffective use of infrastructure.To address the abovementioned concerns, this thesis proposes the application of lifecycle management concepts in smart cities, which requires the introduction of the time notion to smart city modeling by adding the lifecycle viewpoint as a new dimension to the multi-layered architecture. The proposed smart city lifecycle-based approach consists of two components. First, the three-dimensional model that enables smart city developers to consider three viewpoints: Architecture Layers, Time (Lifecycle Phases), and Domains. Second, the interaction approach that enables integration between lifecycle management systems and IoT platforms. This approach is validated through a use-case of Smart Parking System, proposed as part of the FIFA World Cup™ 2022. The proposed smart parking system is strategically aligned to Smart Qatar objectives and connects all relevant stakeholders across the different lifecycle phases. To ensure semantic interoperability, the smart parking system uses the DATEX II standards for static and dynamic parking related data. Finally, the use-case focuses on the integration between lifecycle related data and IoT data through the interaction between Aras Innovator® lifecycle system (BoM construction, configuration management, etc.) and the O-MI/O-DF IoT Reference Implementation Platform (peer-to-peer publication and discovery of parking-related information in an aggregated form)
22
Liu, Chunlu, In-Tae Kim, Saori Tsubouchi, and Yoshito Itoh. "Lifecycle cost and CO2 emission comparison of conventional and rationalized bridges." 土木学会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/18851.
Full text
23
Muir, Michael Christopher. "Lifecycle Assessment for Strategic Product Design and Management." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19878.
Full textAbstract:
With the advent of digital imaging technology, the options available to consumers in consumer imaging have increased tremendously. From image capture through image processing and output, many options have emerged; however, the relative environmental impacts of these different options are not clear cut. Simplistically, one might say that the use of a digital camera has a lesser environmental burden than the use of a reloadable film camera because the image produced as a result of using the digital camera avoids chemicals in film developing. However, digital cameras require electronics and computers that need energy; and, energy production is one of the contributors to greenhouse gasses like CO2. Assessment of the environmental impacts of these different options can help provide feedback to decision makers and insights that will help reduce environmental impact through product system design.
One tool that has been used to relate environmental impacts with functions provide to consumers through products or services is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). LCA, which has been standardized by the International Standards Organization (ISO) in ISO14000, is used here to evaluate both traditional film and digital imaging systems. Data from publicly available databases and both external and internal Eastman Kodak Company studies were utilized to develop LCA modules for the different processes involved. Product and service business models are explored for both technologies through ten different imaging and output scenarios. The functional unit used is the capture, processing and output of one 4 x6 image. Four impact categories (energy use, greenhouse emission, water use and waste generation) across four life cycle phases (upstream, distribution, use, and end of life) are explored for the ten scenarios.
LCA is also evaluated as a tool to help facilitate strategic level environmental performance issues with both new and established business activities. Sensitivity analysis is also performed to evaluate the impact of assumptions made in the course of the assessment and comments are made regarding the effectiveness of LCA for strategic assessment and product service strategies in lowering environmental impact.
Results indicate that the lowest impact scenarios are Digital Capture to LCD Display for Greenhouse Emissions and Energy Use and Film Capture to Wholesale Print for Water Use and Waste Generation. Highest impacts were seen for Greenhouse Emissions in the Film Capture to Retail Print scenario. In the Energy Use and Water Use category, the Digital Capture to CRT Computer Display was the highest scenario. For Waste Generation, the Digital Capture to Inkjet Print was the highest impact scenario.
24
Cheng, Chen, and Dibo Bekindaka Micheal. "SAP Solution Manager: An Application Lifecycle Management tool." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Informatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15968.
Full textAbstract:
The outburst of the application industry leading to the creation of com-plex applications serves as the need for a proactive approach to the implementation and monitoring of applications. Application Life-cycle Management (ALM) thus provides a conceptual framework with pre-defined steps that can help organizations successfully deploy their IT applications and adapt them to meet their changes in business needs. SAP Solution Manager is one of such ALM tools that is widely used by SAP Customers to manage their entire IT landscape, for cross-integration of application platforms thereby securing Return On Investment (ROI). The primary aim of this report is to investigate SAP Solution Manager as an Application Life-cycle Management tool, bringing out its potentials benefits and pre-senting challenges encountered by its users thus far.
25
Gill, Gurvinder Singh. "Probabilistic cost models for lifecycle design of buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61167.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents a collection of numerical models that predict the total lifetime cost of buildings. Different models are developed for different phases in the life of a building, i.e., extraction and manufacturing of materials, construction, operation, hazards, demolition, and recycling. Models forecast direct costs, environmental impact costs, and human health costs related to each such phase. The variability in the parameters that enter the cost models is addressed using random variables. The estimate of the total cost of a building can be used in future work to optimize the structural design.
Despite powerful new optimization algorithms, the answer to what is holistically the optimal choice of materials, dimensions, and configurations is often unanswered in practice. One reason is that developers, architects, users, and societies may have different objectives, ranging from the cost of construction to aesthetic appeal and environmental impact. Another problem is the lack of unbiased models to predict the costs and benefits that matter to private and public stakeholders. Thus, concerns such as environmental impacts and cost of potential earthquakes are rarely quantified in an explicit and comprehensive manner. This issue is addressed in this thesis through the development of a collection of unified probabilistic cost models for a broad range of costs and benefits. The models proposed in this thesis are implemented in a computer program for simulation of building behaviour.Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
26
Markov, Georgi, and Olga Druzhinina. "Towards an industrial ALM (Application Lifecycle) Tool Integration." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för datavetenskap och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-4282.
Full textAbstract:
Context. Application Lifecycle Management refers to the coordination of all aspects of software engineering, through a collection of integrated software development tools. More and more organizations are heavily relying on the ALM tools nowadays. Objectives. In this study we research ALM first as a business strategy, its roots, its advantages and disadvantages. As well as making a theoretical research, we seek out the setbacks of the practical side of ALM in order to find the areas needed for improvement, by investigating the ALM’s existing tools, interviewing ALM’s users, and using gained statistical data to derive practical facts about ALM. The goal of the thesis is to find out how ALM can be improved. Methods. The vast amount of sources, including articles, books, and journals is used to support our arguments and conclusions. A long online survey was carried with many participants to understand the practical side of ALM, as well as gain access to information about ALM’s setbacks. Results. The problems of ALM are recognized and named. Proposals are made in respect of how to deal with these problems. A list of what options need to be studied in the future, in order to improve the overall ALM design, and make it a powerful tool, is presented. A detailed plan for further research regarding this highly important issue is presented. Conclusions. We conclude that there are several ALM tool options on the market, all having their strengths and weaknesses. But in order for ALM to become an industrial solution and to be truly successful and effective in supporting the broader goals of the different organizations using it, the requests of the stakeholders towards deeper semantic integration between the various tool involved in the ALM processes need to be embodied in the current ALM offerings. We conclude that further research is needed in order to assess the proposals, and test the design ideas that are presented in the last chapter of this thesis.This thesis concerns the authors and stakeholders of ALM. With the technological achievements taking place every day, and competition being very high, it is important to get the software product ready for release on time and of good quality. The current tools for managing of the application’s lifecycle are incoherent in terms of tool integration. In this thesis we describe the setbacks of ALM, according to interviewed stakeholders and authors of journals, articles and books. We conclude our thesis with the several proposed design options that may succeed in making ALM strong and consistent in the future. The proposed design mainly concerns the integration problems, and provides several potential solutions, aiming at easy to use and integrate tools. Further research areas are explained, and stated.
27
Zhu, Wenhua. "3D modeling of city building and lifecycle simulation." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2344/document.
Full textAbstract:
Avec la construction et le développement de la ville intelligente, la façon de construire le modèle 3D réaliste des grands bâtiments de la ville rapidement et efficacement devient le hotspot de recherche. Dans cette thèse, une méthode procédurale de modélisation intelligente est proposée pour construire rapidement et efficacement un modèle de construction de ville 3D à grande échelle basé sur la modélisation de la forme de la façade et de la grammaire de forme. La technologie de l'information du bâtiment (BIM) est un moyen technique important pour améliorer l'industrie de la construction, pour la conception du bâtiment de la ville et la construction de la meilleure recherche et l'application de la technologie BIM est la clé, de gérer efficacement les informations du cycle de vie du bâtiment et de réaliser le partage et l'échange. Cette thèse a étudié l'acquisition et le traitement des données de modélisation. Google Earth et le logiciel ArcGIS sont principalement utilisés pour acquérir et traiter des données d'images-cartes et des données de cartes d'élévation de la zone cible, ces deux types de correspondance et de superposition de données, qui peuvent générer des données de terrain urbain 3D avec des informations de localisation géographique. Ensuite OpenStreetMap est utilisé pour acquérir les données routières de la zone cible, et il peut être optimisé pour le réseau routier nécessaire par le logiciel JOSM. La technologie de balayage laser 3D est utilisée pour collecter des images de texture de surface de bâtiment et pour créer le modèle de nuages de points de la modélisation d'architecture cible afin d'obtenir les dimensions de modélisation par mesure. Sur cette base, cette thèse a principalement étudié le principe et le processus de la règle CGA pour créer des modèles de construction, et étudié la méthode qui peut séparer les éléments architecturaux en utilisant la segmentation d'image pour générer automatiquement la règle CGA et de créer ensuite le modèle de construction. Ainsi, des modèles de construction 3D ont été établis dans le logiciel CityEngine en utilisant les règles CGA et la technologie de segmentation des façades. Cette thèse a construit le modèle d'information intégré au bâtiment urbain (CBIIM) basé sur BIM. L'information sur la construction de la ville est classée et intégrée, et le bâtiment et la composante ont été décrits avec la norme IFC, afin de gérer efficacement les informations du cycle de vie du bâtiment. Cette thèse étudie la technologie du modèle d'association d'information intégrée, qui permet de réaliser une conception standardisée des composants avec des caractéristiques associées et une conception intelligente des bâtiments avec des paramètres associés dans les règles de connaissances combinées avec l'IFC. La technologie de simulation de la construction de visualisation est étudiée. Les règles de connaissance dans le modèle d'information intégré fournissent une référence fiable pour la simulation de construction, et la scène de simulation est créée en invoquant le modèle d'information intégré, ainsi le processus de simulation est terminé. En prenant le campus Baoshan de l'Université de Shanghai comme exemple, le processus de modélisation de la scène entière est illustré, et les étapes de modélisation de toutes sortes d'objets 3D sont décrites en détail pour résoudre les problèmes spécifiques dans le processus de modélisation réelle. Ainsi, la faisabilité et la validité de la méthode de modélisation intelligente procédurale sont vérifiées. Prenant comme exemple le dortoir de l'Université de Shanghai, une simulation et le modèle de simulation ont été créés par les informations intégrées, combinées aux informations de construction pertinentes, la simulation de construction a été complétée par le programme. Ainsi, la faisabilité et la validité du CBIIM sont vérifiéesWith the construction and development of the smart city, how to construct the realistic 3D model of the large-scale city buildings quickly and efficiently which becomes the research hotspot. In this thesis, a novel 3D modeling approach is proposed to quickly and efficiently build 3D model of large-scale city buildings based on shape grammar and facade rule modeling. Building Information Model (BIM) is an important technical means to enhance the construction industry, for the city building design and construction, how to better research and application of BIM technology which is the key, in this thesis City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) is specified to manage the information of building lifecycle effectively and realize the information sharing and exchanging. This thesis has studied the acquisition and processing of the modeling data. Google Earth and ArcGIS software are mainly used to acquire and process image-maps data and elevation-maps data of the target area, these two kinds of data match and overlay, which can generate 3D city terrain data with geographic location information. Then OpenStreetMap is used to acquire road data of the target area, and it can be optimal processed to the necessary road network by JOSM software. 3D laser scanning technology is used to collect building surface texture images and create the point clouds model of the target architecture modeling so as to get the modeling dimensions by measurement. On this basis, this thesis mainly has studied the principle and the process of CGA rule to create building models, and studied the method that can separate architectural elements using image segmentation to generate CGA rule automatically and to create building model furtherly. Thus 3D building models have been established in the CityEngine software using CGA rules and facade modeling technology. This thesis has specified the City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) based on BIM. The city building information are classified and integrated, and the building and component was described with the IFC standard, in order to manage the informations of building lifecycle effectively. This thesis studies the integrated information association model technology, that it can realize standardized component design with associated features and intelligent building design with associated parameters in knowledge rules combined with IFC. The construction simulation technology is studied. The knowledge rules in the integrated information model provide a reliable reference for the construction simulation, and the simulation scene is created through the invoking the integrated information model, thus the construction simulation process is completed by the program. Taking Baoshan Campus of Shanghai University as an example, the modeling process of the whole scene is illustrated, and the modeling steps of all kinds of 3D objects are described in detail to solve the specific problems in the actual modeling process. Thus the feasibility and validity of the procedural intelligent modeling approach are verified. Taking the dormitory of Shanghai University as an example, a simulation scene and the simulation model were created by the integrated informations, combined with the relevant construction information the construction simulation was completed by the program. Thus the feasibility and validity of the CBIIM are verified
28
Hallander, Ingrid, and Alexis Stanke. "Lifecycle Value Framework for Tactical Aircraft Product Development." Massachusetts Institute of Technology & Linköping University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7516.
Full textAbstract:
Due to a dramatic reduction in defense procurement, the benchmark for developing new defense systems today is performance at an affordable cost. In an attempt to encircle a more holistic perspective of value, lifecycle value has evolved as a concept within the Lean Aerospace Initiative, LAI. The implication of this is development of products incorporating lifecycle and long-term focus instead of a shortsighted cost cutting focus. The interest to reduce total cost of ownership while still improving performance, availability, and sustainability, other dimensions taken into account within the lifecycle value approach, falls well within this context. Several factors prevent enterprises from having a holistic perspective during product development. Some important aspects are increased complexity of the products and significant technological uncertainty. The combination of complexity in system design and the limits of individual human comprehension typically prevent a best value solution to be envisioned. The purpose of this research was to examine relative contributions in product development and determine factors that significantly promote abilities to consider and achieve lifecycle value. This paper contributes a maturity matrix based on important practices and lessons learned through extensive interview based case studies of three tactical aircraft programs, including experiences from more than 100 interviews.
29
伊藤, 義人, Yoshito Itoh, 徹哉 北川, and Tetsuya Kitagawa. "Using CO2 emission quantities in bridge lifecycle analysis." Elsevier, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/160.
Full text
30
Li, Qing. "Inter-organizational relationships in the programme management lifecycle." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.581793.
Full textAbstract:
The study explores the inter-organizational relationships (IORs) between one of the biggest utility companies in the UK and its first tier contractors in its asset management programme. UK utility companies exist in heavily regulated environments and lack direct market competition, however they still need to work collaboratively with suppliers and partners. The relationships between the utility company and contractors are complex given their and other stakeholders' interests vary. The utility company adopts a programme management approach to deliver thousands of projects with contractors to maintain existing, and establishes new, asset configurations according to a five-year cycle agreed with the lead regulator. The utility company has adopted different approaches to managing groups of projects in the past. Thus the complexity of the context can be rather intensive in terms of the large number of projects and imposed regulatory mechanism. The research question of the study can be addressed as "how do inter-organizational partnerships in a regulated utility's asset management programme evolve over the programme lifecycle?" The main methodology is mixed methods approach, a combination of qualitative (e.g. interview) and quantitative (social network analysis). Interviews help establish context and specify detailed research design. Social network analysis is used to map out IORs using sociograms The study has conducted two case studies. Case study 1 examines the social networks of the utility company's first tier contractor partners and a consulting company and explores the factors and context impeding the speedy closing down of projects. Case study 2 investigates how JORs evolve given organizational change to partner location and project grouping. Programme lifecycle sets the context for the two case studies where case study 2 looks at the definition/planning stage and execution stage of one programme and case study I examines the closure stage of another programme. The nature of programme lifecycle is rarely studied in the programme management literature. The findings show that the utility company's asset management programme faces high levels of complexity in a number of different dimensions including temporally along the programme management lifecycle. In particular, case study 2 also explores changes to the same organisation network over a period of months. The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of asset management programmes with two case studies at the definition/planning stage and execution stage and closure stage. In addition, it sheds light on the evolution of JORs along the programme lifecycle. The study contributes to the theoretical and empirical development of programme management literature, especially in the utility sector. The empirical nature of the research has direct contribution to practice, both for the UK utility sector, regulated industries and programme management practice in general.
31
Vargas-Orellana, Julio. "A Distributed Approach for Global Product Lifecycle Management." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-139105.
Full textAbstract:
Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) is a holistic approach for managing product information throughout its life cycle. It integrates different concepts that have emerged due to changes in the manufacturing process as a result of globalization, increased competition, demand for more innovative products, and other reasons. These changes have leaded to a shift from a model with a single-location for product development to a model in which a complex network of specialized companies collaborate. This global collaborative PLM implies that companies from different parts of the world work together and must share information; hence the underlying PLM system is required to facilitate data management throughout this collaborative process. In addition, it is also necessary to address the challenges due to the new model being a distributed activity, as today this PLM system is a specialized distributed system. Maintaining data consistency can be challenging because collaborators can use heterogeneous PLM systems together with their own databases. The later cannot be shared due to the risks of exposing their knowledge base and business processes. Another consideration in global collaboration is that data is transmitted to remote locations. As a result network latency can be large; this can cause problems particularly when large files are exchanged, such as may be the case for CAD design models. This thesis proposes a solution enabling a global PLM which addresses the challenges described above. The approach consists of connecting collaborators’ nodes in a network that is constructed by grouping them with respect to intra-site latency. Each group implements a coordination mechanism based on the election of a node which is subsequently in charge of coordinating data access. The groups communicate via a publish-subscribe communication pattern, publishing and subscribing to events related to the resources being shared. The integration of the solution is through a Service-oriented Architecture (SOA) implementing web services that can be consumed by a PLM system. A prototype has been implemented and its applicability is analysed by evaluating its functionality in a collaborative scenario based on the Aras Innovator PLM platform. The evaluation was made by simulating the solution proposed and comparing it with a centralized approach. The results particularly showed that the proposed solution could reduce the intra-latency compared to a centralized approach if the collaborators are organized in collaborative groups, that exchange most of the information inside the group rather than intergroup.Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) är en helhetssyn som hanterar produktinformation under deras hela livscykel. PLM integrerar olika koncept som har dykt upp på grund av förändringar i tillverkningsprocessen som en följd av globalisering, stor konkurrens, efterfrågan på mer innovativa produkter, och andra orsaker. Dessa förändringar har blyad till en övergång från en modell med en enda plats för produktutveckling till en modell där ett komplext nätverk av specialiserade företag samarbetar. Detta globala samarbete inom PLM innebär att företag från olika delar av världen arbetar tillsammans och delar information. Det underliggande PLM-systemet krävs att underlätta datahantering hela denna samverkande process. Dessutom är det också nödvändigt att hantera utmaningar beroende på den nya distribuerade modellen som gör PLM -system blir specialiserade distribuerade system. Underhålla uppgifter konsekvens kan vara en utmaning eftersom kollaboratörer kan använda heterogena PLM-system med sina egna databaser som inte kan delas på grund av riskerna för att utsätta sin kunskapsbas och affärsprocesser . En annan faktor i den globala samarbetet är att data överförs till avlägsna platser . Som ett resultat nätverksfördröjningen kan vara stora, vilket kan orsaka problem speciellt när stora filer utbyts, exempelvis CAD-modeller. Detta masterarbete föreslår en lösning för att möjliggöra en global PLM som tar upp de utmaningar som beskrivs ovan. Tillvägagångssättet består av anslutande kollaboratörer noder i ett nätverk som konstrueras genom att gruppera dem i förhållande till intra-site latens. Varje grupp genomför en mekanism för samordning grundas på valet av en nod som därefter ansvarar för samordningen av dataåtkomst. Grupperna kommunicerar via en publiceraprenumerera kommunikationen mönster av att publicera och prenumerera på händelser relaterade till de resurser som delas. Integrationen av lösningen är genom en Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) genomföra webbtjänster som kan konsumeras av ett PLM-system. En prototyp har genomförts och dess användbarhet analyseras genom att utvärdera dess funktionalitet i en kollaborativ scenario baserat på Aras Innovator PLM-plattform. Resultaten visade att den föreslagna lösningen skulle kunna minska intra-latens jämfört med en centraliserad strategi om kollaboratörer är organiserade i kollaborativa grupper, varje grupp är ansvarig för utformningen ett delsystem av produkten och därmed utbyta mesta av informationen inom gruppen snarare än inter-gruppen.
32
Buonfiglio, Vincenza. "Lifecycle analysis for surgery instruments at a hospital." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4282/.
Full textAbstract:
Gli strumenti chirurgici sono importanti “devices” utilizzati come supporto indi-spensabile nella cura di pazienti negli ospedali.
Essi sono caratterizzati da un intero ciclo di vita che inizia convenzionalmente nello “Store”, dove gli strumenti sterilizzati sono prelevati per essere utilizzati all’interno delle sale operatorie, e termina nuovamente nello “Store”, dove gli strumenti vengono immagazzinati per essere riutilizzati in un nuovo ciclo.
Può accadere che le singole fasi del ciclo subiscano ritardi rispetto ai tempi previ-sti, non assicurando, pertanto, nelle sale operatorie, il corretto numero degli stru-menti secondo i tempi programmati.
Il progetto che vado ad illustrare ha come obiettivo l’ottimizzazione del ciclo degli strumenti chirurgici all’interno di un nuovo ospedale, applicando i principi della Lean philosophy ed in particolare i metodi: “Poke Yoke, 5S e tracciabilità”.
Per raggiungere tale scopo, il progetto è stato articolato come segue.
In un primo momento si è osservato l’intero ciclo di vita degli strumenti nei due principali ospedali di Copenhagen (Hervel e Gentofte hospital). Ciò ha permesso di rilevare gli steps del ciclo, nonché di riscontrare sul campo i principali problemi relativi al ciclo stesso quali: bassa flessiblità, decentramento dei differenti reparti di cleaning e di store rispetto alle operation theatres ed un problema nel solleva-mento degli strumenti pesanti.
Raccolte le dovute informazioni, si è passati alla fase sperimentale, in cui sono stati mappati due cicli di vita differenti, utilizzando tre strumenti di analisi:
• Idef0 che consente di avere una visione gerarchica del ciclo;
• Value stream Mapping che permette di evidenziare i principali sprechi del ciclo;
• Simulator Tecnomatix che favorisce un punto di vista dinamico dell’analisi.
Il primo ciclo mappato è stato creato con il solo scopo di mettere in risalto gli steps del ciclo e alcuni problemi rincontrati all’interno degli ospedali visitati.
Il secondo ciclo, invece, è stato creato in ottica Lean al fine di risolvere alcuni tra i principali problemi riscontrati nei due ospedali e ottimizzare il primo ciclo. Si ricordi, infatti, che nel secondo ciclo le principali innovazioni introdotte sono state: l’utilizzo del Barcode e Rfid Tag per identificare e tracciare la posizione degli items, l’uso di un “Automatic and Retrievial Store” per minimizzare i tempi di inserimento e prelievo degli items e infine l’utilizzo di tre tipologie di carrello, per consentire un flessibile servizio di cura. Inoltre sono state proposte delle solu-zioni “Poke-Yoke” per risolvere alcuni problemi manuali degli ospedali.
Per evidenziare il vantaggio del secondo ciclo di strumenti, è stato preso in consi-derazione il parametro “Lead time”e le due simulazioni, precedentemente create, sono state confrontate. Tale confronto ha evidenziato una radicale riduzione dei tempi (nonché dei costi associati) della nuova soluzione rispetto alla prima.
Alla presente segue la trattazione in lingua inglese degli argomenti oggetto di ri-cerca.
Buona lettura.
33
Chenu-Abente, Acosta Ronald. "Knowledge and Artifact Representation in the Scientific Lifecycle." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368068.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis introduces SKOs (Scientific Knowledge Object) a specification for capturing the knowledge and artifacts that are produced by the scientific research processes. Aiming to address the current existing limitations of scientific production this specification is focused on reducing the work overhead of scientific creation, being composable and reusable, allow continuous evolution and facilitate collaboration and discovery among researchers. To do so it introduces four layers that capture different aspects of the scientific knowledge: content, meaning, ordering and visualization.
34
Chenu-Abente, Acosta Ronald. "Knowledge and Artifact Representation in the Scientific Lifecycle." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2012. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/713/1/Kw_and_Artifact_Representation_in_the_Scientific_Lifecycle_.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis introduces SKOs (Scientific Knowledge Object) a specification for capturing the knowledge and artifacts that are produced by the scientific research processes. Aiming to address the current existing limitations of scientific production this specification is focused on reducing the work overhead of scientific creation, being composable and reusable, allow continuous evolution and facilitate collaboration and discovery among researchers. To do so it introduces four layers that capture different aspects of the scientific knowledge: content, meaning, ordering and visualization.
35
Rao, Vijay D. "A Unified Approach to Quantitative Software Lifecycle Modeling." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/94.
Full textAbstract:
An evolutionary process currently taking place in engineering systems is the shift from hardware to software where the role of software engineering is becoming more central in developing large engineering systems. This shift represents a trend from a piece-meal vision of software development to a holistic, system-wide vision. The term "software crisis" of 1960's and 1970's was the observation that most software development projects end up with massive cost overruns and schedule delays. The growing complexity of software projects led to Waterfall, Spiral and other models to depict the software development lifecycle. These models are qualitative and study the product, process and project issues in isolation, and do not provide a quantitative framework to depict the various facets of development, testing, maintenance and reuse.
In this thesis, a generic, unified lifecycle model (ULM) integrating the product, process and project view of software development based on re-entrant lines is proposed. A reentrant line is a multi-class queueing network that consists of several types of artifacts visiting a set of development teams more than once. An artifact is a general term for any object of information created, produced, changed or used by development teams and it includes items such as requirements specification documents, preliminary and detailed module designs and design documents, code, components, test plans and test suites. The artifacts visit the development teams several times before exiting the system, thus making the flow of artifacts non-acyclic. The main consequence of the re-entrant flow is that several artifacts at different stages of completion compete with each other for service by a development team.
The ULM model output is obtained by using the criticality, complexity and usage of artifacts. The model is solved using linear programming and simulation methods. The software development process in a software organisation is represented by the proposed re-entrant line model. The model is used to predict project metrics such as the development time, cost and product quality for any new project to be taken up by the organization. The routing matrix of the artifacts in the ULM can be modified to derive different types of lifecycle models such as Waterfall, Prototyping, Spiral and Hybrid models.
The ULM may be modified to include software reuse and component-based development. We investigate certain issues involved in software reuse. Reuse of components is modeled as an external arrival of artifacts at different stages in the ULM. Two distinct lifecycles in component based software development, namely, 'development for reuse' and 'development with reuse', are distinguished and the development time and cost for projects are estimated using LP bounds and simulation.
The 'development for reuse' lifecycle involves reusable components development that is stored in a reuse library. As the number of components in the reuse library grows over time and with projects, the problem of effective and efficient retrieval of candidate components in order to facilitate systematic reuse becomes the bottleneck. A novel approach where components are stored in a case-base is proposed. The retrieval process is based on a reasoning approach that relies on similar cases (components) in the past to find solutions to the current problem (new software requirements in projects). The selection of candidate components for decisions pertaining to four levels of reuse {reuse as-is, reuse with minor code modifications, reuse of specifications, no reuse or develop afresh} in the current application is modeled using Rough and Fuzzy sets. These methodologies are illustrated with suitable case studies.
Maintenance of legacy systems, representing a massive, long-term business investment, is an important but relatively new research area. The ULM is modified to depict the complex set of activities associated with software maintenance. Quantitative metrics such as release time of versions, cost, time and effort for maintenance are estimated using this model. Some of the specific contributions of this thesis are:
1. A unified quantitative lifecycle model (ULM) depicting the software development process is used to obtain project metrics such as development cost, development time and quality based on the product and process attributes for the Waterfall, Prototyping, Spiral and Hybrid lifecycle models.
2. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology is used to rank order the suitability of different lifecycle models for a new development project at hand, based on the metrics obtained from ULM.
3. The ULM is modified to depict component-based software development and to integrate reuse as an important basis for software development. Two distinct lifecycles for development for reuse and development with reuse are studied. The 'development for reuse' strategy generates reusable components that are organized and stored in a reuse library. The selection-decision regarding candidate components from this library for reuse in the current application is derived using a Rough and Fussy set methodology.
4. The ULM is adapted to represent the various activities associated with software maintenance. Estimates of maintenance metrics for different strategies of maintenance of legacy systems are obtained.
36
Rao, Vijay D. "A Unified Approach to Quantitative Software Lifecycle Modeling." Thesis, Indian Institute of Science, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/94.
Full textAbstract:
An evolutionary process currently taking place in engineering systems is the shift from hardware to software where the role of software engineering is becoming more central in developing large engineering systems. This shift represents a trend from a piece-meal vision of software development to a holistic, system-wide vision. The term "software crisis" of 1960's and 1970's was the observation that most software development projects end up with massive cost overruns and schedule delays. The growing complexity of software projects led to Waterfall, Spiral and other models to depict the software development lifecycle. These models are qualitative and study the product, process and project issues in isolation, and do not provide a quantitative framework to depict the various facets of development, testing, maintenance and reuse.
In this thesis, a generic, unified lifecycle model (ULM) integrating the product, process and project view of software development based on re-entrant lines is proposed. A reentrant line is a multi-class queueing network that consists of several types of artifacts visiting a set of development teams more than once. An artifact is a general term for any object of information created, produced, changed or used by development teams and it includes items such as requirements specification documents, preliminary and detailed module designs and design documents, code, components, test plans and test suites. The artifacts visit the development teams several times before exiting the system, thus making the flow of artifacts non-acyclic. The main consequence of the re-entrant flow is that several artifacts at different stages of completion compete with each other for service by a development team.
The ULM model output is obtained by using the criticality, complexity and usage of artifacts. The model is solved using linear programming and simulation methods. The software development process in a software organisation is represented by the proposed re-entrant line model. The model is used to predict project metrics such as the development time, cost and product quality for any new project to be taken up by the organization. The routing matrix of the artifacts in the ULM can be modified to derive different types of lifecycle models such as Waterfall, Prototyping, Spiral and Hybrid models.
The ULM may be modified to include software reuse and component-based development. We investigate certain issues involved in software reuse. Reuse of components is modeled as an external arrival of artifacts at different stages in the ULM. Two distinct lifecycles in component based software development, namely, 'development for reuse' and 'development with reuse', are distinguished and the development time and cost for projects are estimated using LP bounds and simulation.
The 'development for reuse' lifecycle involves reusable components development that is stored in a reuse library. As the number of components in the reuse library grows over time and with projects, the problem of effective and efficient retrieval of candidate components in order to facilitate systematic reuse becomes the bottleneck. A novel approach where components are stored in a case-base is proposed. The retrieval process is based on a reasoning approach that relies on similar cases (components) in the past to find solutions to the current problem (new software requirements in projects). The selection of candidate components for decisions pertaining to four levels of reuse {reuse as-is, reuse with minor code modifications, reuse of specifications, no reuse or develop afresh} in the current application is modeled using Rough and Fuzzy sets. These methodologies are illustrated with suitable case studies.
Maintenance of legacy systems, representing a massive, long-term business investment, is an important but relatively new research area. The ULM is modified to depict the complex set of activities associated with software maintenance. Quantitative metrics such as release time of versions, cost, time and effort for maintenance are estimated using this model. Some of the specific contributions of this thesis are:
1. A unified quantitative lifecycle model (ULM) depicting the software development process is used to obtain project metrics such as development cost, development time and quality based on the product and process attributes for the Waterfall, Prototyping, Spiral and Hybrid lifecycle models.
2. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) methodology is used to rank order the suitability of different lifecycle models for a new development project at hand, based on the metrics obtained from ULM.
3. The ULM is modified to depict component-based software development and to integrate reuse as an important basis for software development. Two distinct lifecycles for development for reuse and development with reuse are studied. The 'development for reuse' strategy generates reusable components that are organized and stored in a reuse library. The selection-decision regarding candidate components from this library for reuse in the current application is derived using a Rough and Fussy set methodology.
4. The ULM is adapted to represent the various activities associated with software maintenance. Estimates of maintenance metrics for different strategies of maintenance of legacy systems are obtained.
37
坪内, 佐織, Saori Tsubouchi, 義人 伊藤, Yoshito Itoh, 仁泰 金, In-Tae Kim, 進. 守屋, and Susumu Moriya. "塗装に着目した鋼橋のライフサイクルアナリシス." 土木学会, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7470.
Full text
38
Setterberg, Emma. "Lifecycle assessment of a TAT 35A : roller cleaning machine." Thesis, University West, Department of Technology, Mathematics and Computer Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-878.
Full text
39
Sabar, Suneel. "Software Process Improvement and Lifecycle Models in Automotive Industry." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-69640.
Full textAbstract:
The quality of a product depends on the quality of the underlying process is a well known fact. Software development organizations have been struggling to decrease their cost, increase their ROI, reduce time-to-market, and enhance the quality of their products. This all depends upon the improvement in the processes they are following inside their organizations. A number of software process improvement models exist in market, e.g., CMMI, SPICE and Automotive SPICE. But before an organization can improve its development and management processes, it is very important to know whether it is following the right processes. There exist a number of software development process models, mainly categorized into Traditional and Agile, which provide the step-by-step guidance to develop and manage the software projects.The current thesis presents a study of software process improvement models in automotive industry, their weaknesses and strengths and presents a comparison of how do they relate to each other. This thesis also explores some software development models which are more famous in automotive industry, and the applicability of process improvement models in conjunction with the Agile software development models. A case study was performed at an automotive software supplier organization to investigate the experience of combining Agile practices with organization’s company-tailored software development model that was incorporating Automotive SPICE standards.
40
Stewart, Rodney Anthony, and r. stewart@griffith edu au. "Lifecycle Management of Information Technology (IT) Projects in Construction." Griffith University. School of Engineering, 2003. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20030423.122317.
Full textAbstract:
The last twenty years has seen a tremendous change in the way companies do business. Much of this change can be attributed to the so-called information revolution. The integrated interaction between Information Technology (IT) and business processes has changed from its initial function of automating clerical tasks (e.g. payroll, inventory) to providing pertinent information for operational, managerial and executive groups within the organisation. In more recent times, IT has enabled some organisations, including those in the construction industry, to transform or re-engineer their business processes in the face of the rapidly changing business environment. As international competition continues to intensify, significant numbers of construction organisations are investing large amounts of resources into IT as they seek to gain competitive advantage. IT is increasingly being implemented for strategic reasons, so as to enable improved efficiency, better control and enhanced productivity of internal processes. The failure of realising expected IT-induced benefits has led to a growing number of senior executives to question the value of IT investments. Thus, questions like the following are typical: Are we getting our money's worth from our IT investment? ; Are we spending too much or too little on IT? ; What IT projects make the best use of our resources? ; How can we improve the return on our IT investments? This Ph.D. research study was inspired by the perceived lack of a structured framework for the selection, implementation and performance evaluation of IT projects in construction. The development of such a generic framework that could capture the IT project lifecycle management process, and the associated guidelines and procedures for its effective implementation, is a young field of research, still struggling to define its place within the large family of academic disciplines. Being a young branch of science, it might be argued that IT in construction lacks a solid methodological foundation. An IT project lifecycle management process is an integrated approach that provides for the continuous identification, selection, implementation, monitoring and performance evaluation of IT projects. This structured process should provide a systematic method for construction organisations to minimise risks while maximising returns on IT investments. To effectively employ IT in construction, the IT project lifecycle management process should have elements of three essential phases: (1) IT project(s) selection; (2) strategic IT implementation and monitoring; and (3) IT performance evaluation. However, each phase should not be viewed as a separate step. Rather, each is conducted as part of a continuous, interdependent management effort. Information gained from one phase is used to support activities in each of the other two phases. With this in mind, this research study aimed to develop an appropriate framework and associated tools for each phase of the IT project lifecycle. The developed three frameworks are detailed individually in the following paragraphs. The developed IT project(s) selection framework utilised information economics theory to encompass the full spectrum of direct and indirect costs, tangible and intangible expected benefits and the intangible risks associated with IT project proposals, considered for funding by the organisation. To incorporate the uncertainty that normally surrounds quantifying costs, benefits and risks, the framework employed a simple but powerful fuzzy logic technique to integrate all the monetary and non-monetary factors into a form that enabled the ranking of proposals. A case study was undertaken with a large international project management and development organisation to demonstrate the framework's applicability. The case study illustrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach for ranking IT project proposals. Once a portfolio of IT projects is selected for funding by the organisation, it needs to be strategically implemented and monitored over its lifecycle. A strategic IT implementation and monitoring framework was developed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of this phase. The framework is premised on a hybrid analysis utilising the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and SWOT analysis. A case study was undertaken to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework in the strategic implementation and monitoring of a Project Management Information System (PMIS) by a large Australian construction-contracting organisation. The framework application proved to be successful in helping the organisation to develop appropriate strategies for the effective and efficient implementation of the PMIS. An IT performance evaluation framework and method was then developed for the final phase of the lifecycle. This framework was the primary focus of this Ph.D. research study and was structured using the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) principles adapted to the specific requirements of the construction industry. The framework was structured using a hierarchy of IT performance perspectives, indicators and measures. Five definable perspectives were conceptually developed through analysis and synthesis of the 'IT business value' evaluation literature. These are: operational, benefits, technology/system, strategic competitiveness and user orientation. Indicators and measures were extracted from the mainstream IT literature and construction management literature, as well as the emerging literature on information economics. The preliminary list of indicators was initially screened through consultation with construction professionals and conceptual cause-and-effect mapping. The screened list of project-tier indicators was further refined through questionnaire dissemination. The questionnaire was sent to 322 construction project participants from large construction-contracting and project management organisations located within Australia. The five framework perspectives were statistically validated through the principal component factor analysis with varimax rotation. Each perspective and indicator's relative weight was numerically established using the questionnaire survey results as input to the recently developed Performance Measurement Process Framework (PMPF). The reason that the performance measures were not justified through a quantitative analysis was due to their dynamic nature. Most performance measures change, and will continue to change, with new technology. The developed perspectives, indicators and measures were all compiled into a generic 'Construct IT' BSC that can serve as a template for application at other decision-making tiers of a construction organisation. The problem of combining performance measures, with varying metrics, into commensurable units (utiles) was achieved by applying utility theory. Finally, the developed 'Construct IT' BSC was utilised for a project-tier survey to test the interrelationship between framework indicators and perspectives. Using information collected from 82 project professionals, from large construction-contracting and project management organisations, correlation and independent sample t-tests (one-tailed) provided support for the 'Construct IT' BSC. Specifically, findings suggest that the 'Construct IT' BSC can be used as a tool for monitoring the IT-induced value creation process. In addition, it appears that the proposed 'Construct IT' BSC framework and associated performance evaluation method is both flexible in design and can be modified to suit the needs of individual organisations. These characteristics make the framework continuously relevant to the dynamic nature of IT projects. In summary, the proposed IT project lifecycle management process, and its associated frameworks, provides a holistic view of IT implementation in construction and offers significant contributions to current body of knowledge on IT in construction.
41
Akhtar, Sharmin. "Selection of sewer pipe materials : comparing two lifecycle approaches." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43623.
Full textAbstract:
Sewer systems are subjected to deterioration due to aging, aggressive environmental factors, increased demand, inadequate design, improper operation and maintenance activities. As a result their current-state and overall long-term performance are affected, which often requires costly and extensive maintenance, repair and rehabilitation. Therefore, it becomes a challenging task for the decision-makers to make a decision that improves design, construction, operation and maintenance activities.
The main aim of this study is to evaluate different materials of sewer pipes (i.e., concrete, polyvinyl chloride, vitrified clay and ductile iron) and identify sustainable solutions using both an emergy-based lifecycle approach and a traditional lifecycle approach.
Emergy method converts all forms of lifecycle inflows (such as energy, raw resources, labour, money, services and information) to an equivalent form of solar energy, named solar emergy joule (sej), which does not require any multi -criteria method to aggregate non-commensurate values. On the other hand, in traditional lifecycle approach, analytical hierarchical process method has been used to integrate environmental and economic impacts of different pipes. Analysis based on emergy-based LCA approach is useful and more credible, as it measures the contribution of environmental and economic impacts in a common unit which removes the multi-criteria dilemma. The analysis results demonstrate that PVC pipe is the most sustainable option from both environmental and economic points of view and can guarantee a more sustainable sewer system.
42
Balloul, Lama [Verfasser]. "Interface Lifecycle Management on Enterprise Landscape Level / Lama Balloul." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138178527/34.
Full text
43
Simons, Christopher Lloyd. "Interactive evolutionary computing in early lifecycle software engineering design." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2011. http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/15599/.
Full textAbstract:
Design is fundamental to software development. Indeed, early lifecycle software engineering design is crucial and has significant impact of subsequent development activities. Inferior designs can result in deleterious down-stream consequences. Therefore improving the traceability, structural integrity and elegance of software design has significant potential for enhancing software development productivity. However, early lifecycle software design is a demanding and non-trivial task for software engineers to perform and current computational tool support for software engineers is limited. Thus to address this limitation, this thesis investigates the potential of interactive evolutionary search and complementary computational intelligence to enable the exploration and discovery of useful and interesting software designs relating to the design problem at hand. To enable evolutionary search and exploration of possible design solutions, a novel, discrete, object-based representation of both design problem and design solution is proposed. Associated genetic operators including self-adapting mutation are also proposed. Experiments show that this novel representation enables highly effective search and exploration of the software design solution space. Next, software agents are introduced to facilitate an interactive framework for natural collaborative designer / computer interaction. Empirical investigations reveal that colourful visualisation of software designs engages the designer. Furthermore, with enhanced generation of multiple candidate designs, opportunities for periods of designer reflection are presented thus enabling sudden design discovery. Design elegance is an important but complex factor in software design. Four novel quantitative elegance measures are proposed which enhance the interactive design experience by selecting elegant software designs for designer evaluation. Using designer elegance evaluation as reward, reward-based machine learning is exploited to steer a dynamic, multi-objective search according to designer elegance intentions. Designer interactivity is further enhanced by a dynamic, fitness-proportionate interactive interval, which judiciously varies the number of evolutionary generations between interactions to promote search and exploration and further reduce use fatigue. The integration of interactive, dynamic evolutionary search with software agents and reward-based learning is found to produce an engaging, compelling interactive experience for software designers, successfully enabling the search, exploration and discovery of fruitful, interesting and useful early lifecycle software designs.
44
Pekeriçli, Mehmet Koray. "A lifecycle information management solution for built environment facilities." Thesis, University of Reading, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.553659.
Full textAbstract:
A lifecycle information management solution utilising parametric design tools, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags, and mobile computers was proposed for built environment facilities. It is argued that data, information, and performance characteristics of materials and components in a facility in use can be captured and fed back to members of design and construction teams by employing Information Technology (IT) tools. The research follows an inductive approach, and has an exploratory nature. A combination of social and engineering research methods were utilised. For understanding the scope of the problem, literature review and surveying techniques including interviews, workshops, and focus group studies were used. For investigating a technical solution, literature review, brainstorming sessions, prototype development, and demonstration techniques were used. Black box technology was chosen as an analogy to guide and aid developing the solution. Parametric design tools, RFID tags, mobile computers, and networking technologies were identified as candidates for being parts of the solution. Issues pertaining to the implementation of the solution using these technologies were investigated from technical, human, and organisational perspectives. A lifecycle information management solution incorporating the aforementioned technologies was devised and a functional prototype tool combining relevant hardware and software was developed. The main contribution to knowledge is the demonstration of a real need and case for the application of lifecycle information management solutions in UK construction sector. The research has identified a small step in offering a solution. The question is very wide and beyond the scope of any single thesis to provide an operational solution. However, this research has shown that it is possible to link design, production, and maintenance information by using technology from other industry sectors. The research identified that the human and organisational issues were of paramount importance. The temptation is to focus always on a technology solution. The research has shown that the technology solution must be balanced with the human and organisational interface issues.
45
Williams, David R. "Climate change influence on building lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599991.
Full textAbstract:
As a consequence of most building's long lifespan, changing weather conditions driven by climate change, are likely to influence energy demands for heating and cooling, thereby altering lifecycle Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. This research develops a method to allow estimation of these emissions in the early design stage, accounting for potential future weather conditions projected by the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP). The method covers both the operational performance of buildings across a lifecycle, as well as allowing investigation of GHG emissions due to upstream manufacture, transportation and construction of building materials and components. The research has developed a novel method to allow operational OHO emissions to be estimated directly from the outputs of the UKCIP Weather Generator tool. These operational GHG emissions are estimated from projected future temperatures using a model 'calibrated' to building performance through dynamic thermal simulation of a selection of example weather years. The new method has also been developed to allow lifecycle GHG emissions to be estimated using software tools regularly applied for compliance with energy efficiency legislation. The result is a process that can estimate upstream and future GHG emissions quickly to ensure information is readily available to designers. Investigation of a real 'mixed-use' building showed upstream emissions contributed over 20% to total lifecycle GHGs, indicating wider industry focus in this area may be appropriate. The case study also showed annual GHG emissions due to space cooling could increase by between 26 and 70% from 2020 to 2080. Over the same period, emissions due to heating may decrease by between 12 and 42%, giving an overall net increase in GHG emissions from these systems. This research has highlighted the potential significance of climate change on building life cycle performance and provided a tested design framework to allow Parsons Brinckerhoff to limit life cycle GHG emissions from new building designs.
46
Yee, Timothy. "Remote Area Power System (RAPS) Battery Lifecycle Cost Optimisation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Engineering Management, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8952.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this project with Powerco was to identify the cause of premature battery failure and suggest improvements to the Remote Area Power System (RAPS), which is managed by Powerco subsidiary Basepower. An evaluation matrix was used to analyse the most beneficial solution that can be implemented in the RAPS unit.
The issues that have caused the early failure for the RAPS have been determined and improvements to the system are suggested. These have been provided to the Powerco Research and Development team for consideration.
47
Schindler, Christopher M. "Product lifecycle management a collaborative tool for defense acquisitions." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/5133.
Full textAbstract:
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedA 2010 review of 96 defense acquisition programs showed average delivery rates are 22 months behind schedule and the cumulative cost growth exceeded $296 billion. With budget cuts looming, a small window of opportunity exists to enact reforms improving the health and solvency of the defense acquisition portfolio. First, we must leverage the technology investments made into collaborative software suites such as product lifecycle management (PLM) to align the requirements, design, engineering, logistics, maintenance, and operational data environments into one comprehensive activity. Implementing a PLM strategy will present cost-saving opportunities through faster information access, improved data reuse, social networking, and virtual collaboration and testing. PLM systems have the ability to capture and organize vast amounts of data. Because through human interaction data becomes knowledge, lean product design is a philosophy that can change how we think, learn, use, and build up on that knowledge. By going beyond merely attacking waste by finding a balance between waste reduction and value addition, total ownership costs can be reduced drastically. These reforms have the ability to fundamentally change how we design, build, and maintain the fleet, making the defense portfolio solvent and thus continuing to fulfill the needs of the warfighter.
48
Feng, Haibo. "Lifecycle based energy assessment of green roofs and walls." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45120.
Full textAbstract:
The building and construction industry accounts for 30-40% of natural resource and energy consumption on earth, and it also contributes to 30% of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, it is a major cause of environmental pollution. The environmental impact of buildings could be considerably reduced through sustainable building practices. Covering a building envelope with green vegetation, such as a green roof and living walls, is one of these sustainable construction practices. This study conducted a lifecycle assessment to evaluate the sustainability of living walls in air cleaning and energy savings. Furthermore, the energy saving performance of green vegetation in different parameters was analyzed in normal commercial buildings and green buildings. As the first step, a comparative lifecycle assessment of three living wall systems was conducted. Chemical emissions and energy requirements of the living wall materials were evaluated in the full lifecycle, and compared with the chemical absorption and energy savings of operational living walls. The results demonstrated that the felt layer system is not environmentally sustainable in air cleaning and energy saving compared to the indirect greening system and modular panel system.
In the next step, a building energy simulation was executed to assess the energy saving performance of green vegetation in commercial buildings. Parameters such as greening scenario, building type, building vintage, weather condition, and building orientation were considered in the simulation. The energy simulation results demonstrated that all these parameters have a significant influence on the energy saving performance of green vegetation.
Furthermore, the energy saving performance of green vegetation was analyzed in a LEED certified green building. The simulation model was validated with the actual operational energy consumption. The simulation model was used to analyze the energy saving performance of green vegetation under different scenarios. The results showed that the green vegetation could significantly reduce the negative heat transfer through the building façade in a summer and winter typical week. Moreover, the green vegetation not only delayed the start time of heat gain but also extended the period of heat loss in the summer. Based on the above analysis, a green vegetation application guideline was developed to ensure the installation of green vegetation could achieve the best energy saving benefits with the least environmental impact.
49
Batarseh, Feras. "Incremental lifecycle validation of knowledge-based systems through CommonKADS." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4844.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation introduces a novel validation method for knowledge-based systems (KBS). Validation is an essential phase in the development lifecycle of knowledge-based systems. Validation ensures that the system is valid, reliable and that it reflects the knowledge of the expert and meets the specifications. Although many validation methods have been introduced for knowledge-based systems, there is still a need for an incremental validation method based on a lifecycle model. Lifecycle models provide a general framework for the developer and a mapping technique from the system into the validation process. They support reusability, modularity and offer guidelines for knowledge engineers to achieve high quality systems. CommonKADS is a set of models that helps to represent and analyze knowledge-based systems. It offers a de facto standard for building knowledge-based systems. Additionally, CommonKADS is a knowledge representation-independent model. It has powerful models that can represent many domains. Defining an incremental validation method based on a conceptual lifecycle model (such as CommonKADS) has a number of advantages such as reducing time and effort, ease of implementation when having a template to follow, well-structured design, and better tracking of errors when they occur. Moreover, the validation method introduced in this dissertation is based on case testing and selecting an appropriate set of test cases to validate the system. The validation method defined makes use of results of prior test cases in an incremental validation procedure. This facilitates defining a minimal set of test cases that provides complete and effective system coverage. CommonKADS doesn't define validation, verification or testing in any of its models. This research seeks to establish a direct relation between validation and lifecycle models, and introduces a validation method for KBS embedded into CommonKADS.ID: 029810246; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 289-299).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
50
Bungert, Frederik [Verfasser]. "Pattern-basierte Entwicklungsmethodik für Product Lifecycle Management / Frederik Bungert." Aachen : Shaker, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1161301976/34.
Full text