Journal articles on the topic 'Life review processes'
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Korte, Jojanneke, Gerben J. Westerhof, and Ernst T. Bohlmeijer. "Mediating processes in an effective life-review intervention." Psychology and Aging 27, no. 4 (2012): 1172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029273.
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Shriar, Avrum J. "Life and Debt (review)." Journal of Latin American Geography 4, no. 2 (2005): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2005.0048.
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Gilichinsky, D., and S. Wagener. "Microbial life in permafrost: A historical review." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 6, no. 3 (July 1995): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430060305.
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Korte, J., C. H. C. Drossaert, G. J. Westerhof, and E. T. Bohlmeijer. "Life review in groups? An explorative analysis of social processes that facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of life review." Aging & Mental Health 18, no. 3 (October 9, 2013): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.837140.
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Salzano, Francisco M. "Evolutionary change - patterns and processes." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 77, no. 4 (December 2005): 627–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652005000400006.
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The present review considered: (a) the factors that conditioned the early transition from non-life to life; (b) genome structure and complexity in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and organelles; (c) comparative human chromosome genomics; and (d) the Brazilian contribution to some of these studies. Understanding the dialectical conflict between freedom and organization is fundamental to give meaning to the patterns and processes of organic evolution.
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Underwood, John H., and Edward Troiano. "Critical Fracture Processes in Army Cannons: A Review." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1593075.
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Fast fracture in cannons can be well described using elastic-plastic fracture toughness, in combination with comparisons of cannon section size relative to the size required to maintain plane strain fracture. Fatigue fracture of cannon tubes is modeled from results of full-size fatigue tests that simulate cannon firing. These tests are also the basis of fatigue-intensity-factor modeling of fatigue life, which incorporates material strength, initial crack size and Bauschinger-modified autofrettage residual stress into life predictions. Environment-assisted fracture in the thermally damaged near-bore region of fired cannons is shown to be controlled by hydrogen. High strength cannon steels are susceptible to hydrogen; cannon propellant gases provide the hydrogen; and the source of sustained tensile stress is the near-bore thermal damage and compressive yielding. A thermo-mechanical model predicts tensile residual stress of similar depth to that of observed hydrogen cracks. Coating fracture in the thermal-damage region of fired cannons is characterized and modeled. The Evans/Hutchinson slip zone concept is extended to calculate in-situ coating fracture strength from observed crack spacing and hardness in the damaged region.
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Moura, Carla, Rita Santos-Rocha, Susana Franco, Cândida Malça, Cristina Galhano, Marta Henriques, and Pedro Morouço. "A Brief Review on Processes for Cartilage Repair." Applied Mechanics and Materials 890 (April 2019): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.890.229.
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The aim of the present review was to highlight some of the available processes for cartilage repair and regeneration. Considering the high impact that cartilage degeneration has in the quality of life, in an aging society, efforts to promote better treatments are crucial. The current available processes have advantages and drawbacks, that should be further investigated, aiming to obtain tailored and successful repair. Finally, some suggestions for tissue engineering strategies are presented, so that the scientific community can debate pros and cons to be investigated.
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Bennett, K. D. "Book Review: Structure and contingency: evolutionary processes in life and human society." Holocene 9, no. 5 (July 1999): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369900900519.
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Van Rensburg, Melissa L., S’phumelele L. Nkomo, and Ntandoyenkosi M. Mkhize. "Life cycle and End-of-Life management options in the footwear industry: A review." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20908938.
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It is well recognized globally that the footwear industry contributes to a large waste stream throughout its life cycle. This article reviews the literature pertaining to the life cycle of footwear products and their End-of-Life (EoL) management strategies. The review discusses critical aspects of the footwear industry, commencing with a background on the growth and consumption of footwear products across the globe. The review provides an overview of the environmental impacts of different footwear materials across their life cycles. In this regard, leather materials are given intense focus due to their poor environmental performance. The review further examines proactive and reactive approaches to footwear waste management, whilst additionally exploring the challenges facing EoL footwear recovery. Finally, pyrolysis is examined as a thermochemical treatment process with value due to its potential to recover materials from post-consumer footwear. The significant findings in this review paper are as follows: (a) leather footwear materials have the most detrimental environmental impacts across their life cycle; (b) there is limited scientific literature on thermochemical processes (particularly pyrolysis) as waste recovery options for post-consumer footwear; and (c) several challenges face the recovery of post-consumer footwear products, including inefficient reverse logistics, mixed product recycling and difficulties establishing a value recovery chain. This review paper recommends further research on pyrolysis as a potential post-consumer footwear recovery option. Exploring the viability of new avenues for footwear waste recovery is significant due to its potential to divert this waste stream from landfills and allow a progression toward a more circular economy.
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Dannefer, Dale. "Systemic and Reflexive: Foundations of Cumulative Dis/Advantage and Life-Course Processes." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 6 (October 6, 2018): 1249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby118.
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AbstractCumulative dis/advantage has been defined as the systemic tendency for interindividual divergence in a given characteristic to increase with the passage of time. Over recent decades, evidence supporting cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) as a cohort-based process that produces inequalities on a range of life-course outcomes has steadily increased. This paper reviews this growing body of work, grounding the discussion in CDA’s foundation as a general sociological construct with broad relevance. I emphasize the distinction between outcome and process, and then distinguish multiple levels of social analysis at which CDA operates. From this review, I extract two principles, endogenous system dynamics and life-course reflexivity, that can be cross-classified to provide a framework for analyzing contemporary research frameworks and initiatives relevant to CDA. I argue that the full sociological impact and implications of CDA research has been unevenly developed and applied, and conclude by suggesting some possible directions for further building on CDA’s insights.
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BHASKARAN, SANTOSH, SAGAR S. JAGTAP, and PANDIT B. VIDYASAGAR. "LIFE AND GRAVITY." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 04, no. 04 (October 2009): 299–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179304800900106x.
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All organisms on earth have evolved at unit gravity and thus are probably adapted to function optimally at 1 g. However, with the advent of space exploration, it has been shown that organisms are capable of surviving at much less than 1 g, as well as at greater than 1 g. Organisms subjected to increased g levels exhibit alterations in physiological processes that compensate for novel environmental stresses, such as increased weight and density-driven sedimentation. Weight drives many chemical, biological, and ecological processes on earth. Altering weight changes these processes. The most important physiological changes caused by microgravity include bone demineralization, skeletal muscle atrophy, vestibular problems causing space motion sickness, cardiovascular deconditioning, etc. Manned missions into space and significant concerns in developmental and evolutionary biology in zero and low gravity conditions demand a concentrated research effort in space-medicine, physiology and on a larger scale — gravitational biophysics. Space exploration is a new frontier with long-term missions to the moon and Mars not far away. Research in these areas would also provide us with fascinating insights into how gravity has shaped our evolution on this planet and how it still governs some of the basic life processes. Understanding the physiological changes caused by long-duration microgravity remains a daunting challenge. The present concise review deals with the effects of altered gravity on the biological processes at the cellular, organic and systemic level which will be helpful for the researchers aspiring to venture in this area. The effects observed in plants and animals are presented under the classifications such as cells, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates and humans.
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Skowrońska, Monika, and Tadeusz Filipek. "Life cycle assessment of fertilizers: a review." International Agrophysics 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intag-2013-0032.
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Abstract Life cycle assessment has become an increasingly common approach for identifying, quantifying, and evaluating the total potential environmental impact of production processes or products, from the procurement of raw materials (the ‘cradle’), to production and utilization (the ‘gates’) and their final storage (the ‘grave’), as well as for determining ways to repair damage to the environment. The paper describes life cycle assessment of mineral fertilizers. On the basis of results provided by life cycle assessment, it can be concluded that an effective strategy for protecting the environment against the harmful effects of fertilizers is to attempt to ‘seal’ the nutrient cycle on a global, regional, and local scale. Pro-environ- mental measures aim on the one hand to reduce resource utilization, and on the other hand to limit losses of nutrients, during both production and use of fertilizers. An undoubted challenge for life cycle assessment when used in agricultural production is the need for relevance at each scale.
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Kugaevskaya, Elena V., Tatiana A. Gureeva, Olga S. Timoshenko, and Nina I. Solovyeva. "Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator System in Norm and in Life-Threatening Processes (Review)." General Reanimatology 14, no. 6 (December 27, 2018): 61–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15360/1813-9779-2018-6-61-79.
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The multifunctional urokinase-type plasminogen activator system (uPA-system) includes serine proteinase — uPA or urokinase, its receptor (uPAR) and two inhibitors (PAI-1 and PAI-2). The review discusses the structural features and involvement of the system components in the development of life-threatening processes including carcinogenesis, inflammation, neurogenesis and fibrinolysis, in regulation of which the destruction of extracellular matrix (ECM), cell mobility and signaling inside and outside the cell play a decisive role. uPA triggers the processes by activating the plasminogen and its convertion into plasmin involved in the activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in addition to the regulation of fibrinolysis. MMPs can hydrolyze all the major ECM components and therefore play a key role in invasion, metastasis, and cell mobility. MMPs activates a cassette of biologically active regulatory molecules and release them from ECM. uPAR, PAI-1 and PAI-2 are responsible for regulation of the uPA activity. In addition, being a signaling receptor, uPAR along with MMPs lead to the stimulation of a number of signaling pathways that are associated with the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion, growth and migration of cells contributing to tumor progression, inflammation, chemotaxis, and angiogenesis. Effective participation of the uPA system components in ECM destruction and regulation of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways demonstrates that the system significantly contributes to the regulation of various physiological and pathological processes.
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O'Connor, Daryl B., Julian F. Thayer, and Kavita Vedhara. "Stress and Health: A Review of Psychobiological Processes." Annual Review of Psychology 72, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 663–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-062520-122331.
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The cumulative science linking stress to negative health outcomes is vast. Stress can affect health directly, through autonomic and neuroendocrine responses, but also indirectly, through changes in health behaviors. In this review, we present a brief overview of ( a) why we should be interested in stress in the context of health; ( b) the stress response and allostatic load; ( c) some of the key biological mechanisms through which stress impacts health, such as by influencing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation and cortisol dynamics, the autonomic nervous system, and gene expression; and ( d) evidence of the clinical relevance of stress, exemplified through the risk of infectious diseases. The studies reviewed in this article confirm that stress has an impact on multiple biological systems. Future work ought to consider further the importance of early-life adversity and continue to explore how different biological systems interact in the context of stress and health processes.
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Gopal, Gahana, Manikprabhu Dhanorkar, Sharad Kale, and Yogesh B. Patil. "Life cycle assessment of anaerobic digestion systems." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 31, no. 3 (November 28, 2019): 683–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2018-0178.
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Purpose It is well known that sustainability is the ideal driving path of the entire world and renewable energy is the backbone of the ongoing initiatives. The current topic of argument among the sustainability research community is on the wise selection of processes that will maximize yield and minimize emissions. The purpose of this paper is to outline different parameters and processes that impact the performance of biogas production plants through an extensive literature review. These include: comparison of biogas plant efficiency based on the use of a diverse range of feedstock; comparison of environmental impacts and its reasons during biogas production based on different feedstock and the processes followed in the management of digestate; analysis of the root cause of inefficiencies in the process of biogas production; factors affecting the energy efficiency of biogas plants based on the processes followed; and the best practices and the future research directions based on the existing life cycle assessment (LCA) studies. Design/methodology/approach The authors adopted a systematic literature review of research articles pertaining to LCA to understand in depth the current research and gaps, and to suggest future research directions. Findings Findings include the impact of the type of feedstock used on the efficiency of the biogas plants and the level of environmental emissions. Based on the analysis of literature pertaining to LCA, diverse factors causing emissions from biogas plants are enlisted. Similarly, the root causes of inefficiencies of biogas plants were also analyzed, which will further help researchers/professionals resolve such issues. Findings also include the limitations of existing research body and factors affecting the energy efficiency of biogas plants. Research limitations/implications This review is focused on articles published from 2006 to 2019 and is limited to the performance of biogas plants using LCA methodology. Originality/value Literature review showed that a majority of articles focused mainly on the efficiency of biogas plants. The novel and the original aspect of this review paper is that the authors, alongside efficiency, have considered other critical parameters such as environmental emission, energy usage, processes followed during anaerobic digestion and the impact of co-digestion of feed as well. The authors also provide solid scientific reasoning to the emission and inefficiencies of the biogas plants, which were rarely analyzed in the past.
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Meegan, Sean P., and Cynthia A. Berg. "Contexts, functions, forms, and processes of collaborative everyday problem solving in older adulthood." International Journal of Behavioral Development 26, no. 1 (January 2002): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250143000283.
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The present paper reviews the extant literature on collaborative everyday problem solving in older adulthood and explicates the contexts, functions, forms, and processes of collaboration in daily life. In this review, we examine collaboration as it occurs in the daily lives of older adults in addition to the specified intelligence-like tasks more typical of the current literature. Drawing from multiple literatures that have examined collaboration, including sociocultural perspectives within child development, life-span cognition, educational psychology, and social psychology, we illuminate the changing contexts of collaboration across the life span and examine the role of potential collaborators, the multiplicity of forms and functions of collaboration, and the social processes that may facilitate or hinder collaborative performance.
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Mackay, Rosemary J. "Colonization by Lotic Macroinvertebrates: A Review of Processes and Patterns." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-071.
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Ways in which invertebrates colonize lotic habitats are reviewed, tracing patterns in behaviour, trophic ecology, and life history that could lead to predictions concerning resilience of stream communities after disturbance. Patterns are described for small-scale experimental studies using introduced or natural substrates, for large-scale observations of new or rewatered channels, for rivers recovering from pollution, and for unstable rivers with fluctuating discharge. Colonization depends on invertebrate mobility (drift, swimming, crawling, and flight), substrate texture and associated food supplies, competition, and predation. Epilithon-browsers and filter feeders can use the resources of smooth stones; gatherers colonize as fine detritus accumulates; grazers increase as periphyton becomes established; shredders and predators tend to be late arrivals. Propagules for colonization are made more available by asynchronous and aseasonal life cycles, long oviposition periods, and refuges in the streambed or neighbouring waterbodies. Species in frequently disturbed streams benefit from these characteristics. Although disturbance may be due to stochastic factors, recovery is not due to chance. Recurring ecological patterns among early colonizers suggest that knowledge of the hydrologic regime, food resources, and dominant taxa can be used to predict the overall resilience of a stream community.
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Pant, A. D. "A Review of Life Science Studies with Muons." Journal of Nepal Physical Society 7, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnphyssoc.v7i1.36975.
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Positive muon is a spin half elementary particle lies in the second generation leptons in standard model of particles. It has been used as a sensitive magnetic (spin) probe for study of life and materials. Due to its special characteristics – 100% polarization and asymmetric decay to positron, it provides information about local electronic and spin states of material in which it stops. The asymmetry, relaxation of muon and its charge states in materials provide information about the interested phenomena. For life sciences study, muon can probe the dynamics of electron, proton, ions, H, O2, reaction dynamics, catalytic processes, concentration of molecules, magnetic behaviors, etc. in the biosamples. Here, the applications of positive muon to understand the life related phenomena are reviewed.
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Michel, Alexandra, and Nancy K. Lowe. "The Successful Immediate Neonatal Transition to Extrauterine Life." Biological Research For Nursing 19, no. 3 (January 12, 2017): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800416685178.
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Purpose: To define and describe the processes underlying the successful neonatal transition to extrauterine life and methods to assess the transition. Method: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using a combination of the key words neonate, neonatal, newborn, transition, respiratory OR pulmonary, cardiac, metabolic, pH, umbilical cord, and assessment. Articles in English and German were reviewed. The final sample of articles consisted of one randomized controlled trial, 30 observational studies using human neonates, one observational study using rabbit pups, one secondary analysis, three systematic reviews, and 23 review articles. Major Findings: The pertinent findings in regard to normal events in the respiratory, cardiovascular, and metabolic transitions are reviewed and summarized. We address the underlying factors necessary for the transition to extrauterine life, specify the consequences of a successful transition, and review common assessment approaches. Conclusion: Available evidence indicates that the successful immediate transition to extrauterine life should be completed within 1–3 hr after birth, though some adaptive processes can fail as late as 24–48 hr after birth. Further research is necessary to identify a feasible, easily used, noninvasive method to assess the status of a neonate’s transition to extrauterine life.
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Lambrou, George I., Apostolos Zaravinos, Penelope Ioannidou, and Dimitrios Koutsouris. "Information, Thermodynamics and Life: A Narrative Review." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 3897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093897.
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Information is probably one of the most difficult physical quantities to comprehend. This applies not only to the very definition of information, but also to the physical entity of information, meaning how can it be quantified and measured. In recent years, information theory and its function in systems has been an intense field of study, due to the large increase of available information technology, where the notion of bit dominated the information discipline. Information theory also expanded from the “simple” “bit” to the quantal “qubit”, which added more variables for consideration. One of the main applications of information theory could be considered the field of “autonomy”, which is the main characteristic of living organisms in nature since they all have self-sustainability, motion and self-protection. These traits, along with the ability to be aware of existence, make it difficult and complex to simulate in artificial constructs. There are many approaches to the concept of simulating autonomous behavior, yet there is no conclusive approach to a definite solution to this problem. Recent experimental results have shown that the interaction between machines and neural cells is possible and it consists of a significant tool for the study of complex systems. The present work tries to review the question on the interactions between information and life. It attempts to build a connection between information and thermodynamics in terms of energy consumption and work production, as well as present some possible applications of these physical quantities.
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González-Barrio, Haizea, Amaia Calleja-Ochoa, A. Lamikiz, and L. N. López de Lacalle. "Manufacturing Processes of Integral Blade Rotors for Turbomachinery, Processes and New Approaches." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (April 28, 2020): 3063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093063.
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Manufacturing techniques applied to turbomachinery components represent a challenge in the aeronautical sector. These components are commonly composed of high resistant super-alloys; in order to satisfy the extreme working conditions, they have to support during their useful life. Besides, in the particular case of Integrally Bladed Rotors (IBR), they usually present complex geometries that need to be roughed and finished by milling and grinding processes, respectively. Thermoresistant superalloys present many challenges in terms of machinability what leads to find new alternatives to conventional manufacturing processes. In order to face this issue, this work presents a review of the last advances for IBR manufacturing and repairing processes.
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Miles, Rebecca. "Book review: Lee NM, Childhood and Biopolitics: Climate Change, Life Processes and Human Futures." Global Studies of Childhood 9, no. 1 (November 7, 2017): 97–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043610617741036.
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Ginaldi, Lia, Lucia Paola Mengoli, and Massimo De Martinis. "Review on immunosenescence." Reviews in Clinical Gerontology 17, no. 3 (August 2007): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959259808002487.
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The improvements of socio-environmental conditions, medical care and quality of life have caused a general improvement in the health status of the population and a consequent reduction of morbidity and mortality, resulting in an overall increased life-expectancy. The role of immunosenescence was negligible in the past, when the human lifespan was 40–50 years, and its impact on morbidity and mortality has emerged in combination with the extension of lifespan. Immunosenescence results from multifactorial processes that act on all components of the immune system. The changes associated with immunosenescence are playing an increasingly important role in the emergence of a series of age-related pathologies, conditioning the present epidemiology of old people.
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Stillitano, Teodora, Emanuele Spada, Nathalie Iofrida, Giacomo Falcone, and Anna Irene De Luca. "Sustainable Agri-Food Processes and Circular Economy Pathways in a Life Cycle Perspective: State of the Art of Applicative Research." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 25, 2021): 2472. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052472.
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This study aims at providing a systematic and critical review on the state of the art of life cycle applications from the circular economy point of view. In particular, the main objective is to understand how researchers adopt life cycle approaches for the measurement of the empirical circular pathways of agri-food systems along with the overall lifespan. To perform the literature review, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was considered to conduct a review by qualitative synthesis. Specifically, an evaluation matrix has been set up to gather and synthesize research evidence, by classifying papers according to several integrated criteria. The literature search was carried out employing scientific databases. The findings highlight that 52 case studies out of 84 (62% of the total) use stand-alone life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the benefits/impacts of circular economy (CE) strategies. In contrast, only eight studies (9.5%) deal with the life cycle costing (LCC) approach combined with other analyses while no paper deals with the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) methodology. Global warming potential, eutrophication (for marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems), human toxicity, and ecotoxicity results are the most common LCA indicators applied. Only a few articles deal with the CE assessment through specific indicators. We argue that experts in life cycle methodologies must strive to adopt some key elements to ensure that the results obtained fit perfectly with the measurements of circularity and that these can even be largely based on a common basis.
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Sousa, Vitor F. C., and Francisco J. G. Silva. "Recent Advances in Turning Processes Using Coated Tools—A Comprehensive Review." Metals 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2020): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020170.
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Turning continues to be the largest segment of the machining industry, which highlights the continued demand for turned parts and the overall improvement of the process. The turning process has seen quite an evolution, from basic lathes using solid tools, to complex CNC (Computer Numerical Control) multi-process machines, using, for the most part, coated inserts and coated tools. These coatings have proven to be a significant step in the production of high-quality parts and a higher tool life that have captivated the industry. Continuous improvement to turning coated tools has been made, with many researches focusing on the optimization of turning processes that use coated tools. In the present paper, a presentation of various recently published papers on this subject is going to be made, mentioning the various types of coatings that have recently been used in the turning process, the turning of hard to machine materials, such as titanium alloys and Inconel, as well as the interaction of these coatings with the turned surfaces, the wear patterns that these coatings suffer during the turning of materials and relating these wear mechanisms to the coated tool’s life expectancy. Some lubrication conditions present a more sustainable alternative to current methods used in the turning process; the employment of coated tool inserts under these conditions is a current popular research topic, as there is a focus on opting for more eco-friendly machining options.
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Ristau, Patrick, Claudia Oetting-Roß, and Andreas Büscher. "Mapping the Knowledge on Coping Processes in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer." Social Science Protocols 3 (November 8, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7565/ssp.v3.4507.
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Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the malignant diseases with the highest cancer-specific mortality. At the time of diagnosis, life expectancy is often already very limited, as it is usually discovered late and in an advanced stage. Coping with cancer is a complex process. Coping strategies of patients with pancreatic cancer probably differ from those of other malignancies. Yet to date, there exists no pancreatic cancer-specific coping model.
Objective: The objective of this scoping review is to explore and characterize the academic literature related to coping processes in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Methods/Design: The JBI's three-step search strategy, combined with the Arksey and O'Malley framework, will be used to identify articles via PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CAMbase, CareLit, CC Med, Scopus, and PsycARTICLES (Arksey & O'Malley, 2005; Peters et al., 2017). It follows the PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews (Tricco et al., 2018). Primary and secondary studies and reviews which report on coping with pancreatic cancer (adenocarcinoma) in adults in English or German language will be included in this scoping review, regardless of publication date or study design.
Discussion: This scoping review will add new insights on coping with pancreatic cancer by summarizing current knowledge, and identifying research
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Latham, Alan, Tim Edensor, Debbie Hopkins, Helen Fitt, Michele Lobo, Juliana Mansvelt, Donald McNeill, and David Bissell. "Commuter lives: a review symposium on David Bissell's Transit Life." Geographical Research 58, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1745-5871.12382.
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Antunes, Lucas, Enedir Ghisi, and Liseane Thives. "Permeable Pavements Life Cycle Assessment: A Literature Review." Water 10, no. 11 (November 3, 2018): 1575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111575.
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The number of studies involving life cycle assessment has increased significantly in recent years. The life cycle assessment has been applied to assess the environmental performance of water infrastructures, including the environmental impacts associated with construction, maintenance and disposal, mainly evaluating the amount of greenhouse gas emissions, as well as the consumption of energy and natural resources. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of permeable pavements and show studies of life cycle assessment that compare the environmental performance of permeable pavements with traditional drainage systems. Although the studies found in the literature present an estimate of the sustainability of permeable pavements, the great heterogeneity in the evaluation methods and results is still notable. Therefore, it is necessary to homogenize the phases of goal and scope, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation. It is also necessary to define the phases and processes of the evaluation, as well as the minimum amount of data to be considered in the modelling of life cycle assessment, in order to avoid heterogeneity in the functional units and other components. Thus, more consistent results will lead to a real evaluation of the environmental impacts caused by permeable pavements. Life cycle assessment studies are essential to guide planning and decision-making, leading to systems that consider increasing water resources and reducing natural disasters and environmental impacts.
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O'Hara, Kieron, Richard Morris, Nigel Shadbolt, Graham J. Hitch, Wendy Hall, and Neil Beagrie. "Memories for life: a review of the science and technology." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 3, no. 8 (April 13, 2006): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2006.0125.
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This paper discusses scientific, social and technological aspects of memory. Recent developments in our understanding of memory processes and mechanisms, and their digital implementation, have placed the encoding, storage, management and retrieval of information at the forefront of several fields of research. At the same time, the divisions between the biological, physical and the digital worlds seem to be dissolving. Hence, opportunities for interdisciplinary research into memory are being created, between the life sciences, social sciences and physical sciences. Such research may benefit from immediate application into information management technology as a testbed. The paper describes one initiative, memories for life, as a potential common problem space for the various interested disciplines.
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Moradi, Masoud, Yasser Vasseghian, Alireza Khataee, Mehmet Kobya, Hossein Arabzade, and Elena-Niculina Dragoi. "Service life and stability of electrodes applied in electrochemical advanced oxidation processes: A comprehensive review." Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 87 (July 2020): 18–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2020.03.038.
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Daniels, Michael A., and Sandra L. Robinson. "The Shame of It All: A Review of Shame in Organizational Life." Journal of Management 45, no. 6 (January 23, 2019): 2448–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206318817604.
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Shame is a powerful and relevant discrete emotion in the workplace, as organizations are rife with potential to induce shame, and reactions to shame relate to important organizationally relevant outcomes. In this article, we review shame-related research from a variety of disciplines, integrating and identifying common patterns to better understand the shame process as it relates to organizational life. In doing so, we develop a framework that outlines the more internal psychological processes at the heart of the emotion of shame and situates these processes within the context of organizations. This framework highlights the organizational factors that help instigate shame in employees (i.e., unintentional shame triggers and purposeful shaming behaviors) as well as the behavioral outcomes important to organizations (i.e., prosocial, withdrawal, and aggressive behaviors) and provides insights regarding moderators that likely impact this process. In addition, we discuss future research implications as they pertain to each of the components in our framework, hoping that our article not only improves our understanding of organizational shame but encourages much-needed future research on it.
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K. Dixit, Manish, Charles H. Culp, Sarel Lavy, and Jose Fernandez-Solis. "Recurrent embodied energy and its relationship with service life and life cycle energy." Facilities 32, no. 3/4 (February 25, 2014): 160–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/f-06-2012-0041.
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Purpose – The recurrent embodied energy (REE) is the energy consumed in the maintenance, replacement and retrofit processes of a facility. The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relationship of REE with the service life and life cycle embodied energy. The amount of variation in the reported REE values is also determined and discussed. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative approach that is known as the literature based discovery (LBD) was adopted. Existing literature was surveyed to gather case studies and to analyze the reported values of REE. Findings – The reported values of REE showed considerable variation across referred studies. It was also found that the reported REE values demonstrated a moderate positive correlation with the service life but a very strong positive correlation with the life cycle embodied energy of both the residential and commercial facilities. Research limitations/implications – This review paper pointed out the importance of the maintenance and replacement processes in reducing the life cycle energy use in a facility. Future research could focus on performing case studies to evaluate this relationship. Practical implications – The findings highlight the significance of REE in reducing the life cycle energy impacts of a facility. As facility managers routinely deal with maintenance and replacement processes, they hold an important responsibility of reducing the life cycle energy. Originality/value – The findings of the paper would motivate the facilities management professionals to prefer long service life materials and components during the postconstruction phases of a built facility.
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John, Merbin, Prasad Rao Kalvala, Manoranjan Misra, and Pradeep L. Menezes. "Peening Techniques for Surface Modification: Processes, Properties and Applications." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143841.
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Surface modification methods have been applied to metals and alloys to change the surface integrity, obtain superior mechanical properties, and improve service life irrespective of the field of application. In this review paper, current state-of-the-art of peening techniques are demonstrated. More specifically, classical and advanced shot peening (SP), ultrasonic impact peening (UIP), and laser shock peening (LSP) have been discussed. The effect of these techniques on mechanical properties, such as hardness, wear resistance, fatigue life, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance of various metals and alloys, are discussed. This study also reports the comparisons, advantages, challenges, and potential applications of these processes.
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Chambers, F. M. "Book Review: Evolution and ecology: the pace of life." Holocene 8, no. 4 (May 1998): 497. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/095968398673928783.
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Coutinho de Paula, Eduardo, and Míriam Cristina Santos Amaral. "Extending the life-cycle of reverse osmosis membranes: A review." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 35, no. 5 (January 18, 2017): 456–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x16684383.
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The reverse osmosis (RO) technology for desalination and demineralization serves the global water crisis context, both technically and economically, and its market is growing. However, RO membranes have a limited life-cycle and are often disposed of in landfills. The impacts caused by the disposal of thousands of tonnes per annum of RO membranes have grown dramatically around the world. Waste prevention should have a high priority and take effect before the end-of-life phase of a product is reached. In this review, a summary is presented of the main advances in the performance of the RO technology and the membrane lifespan. Afterwards, this paper reviews the most important relevant literature and summarizes the key findings of the research on reusing and recycling the discarded modules for the purpose of extending the life-cycle of the RO membranes. In addtion, there are some recent researches that indicated recycling RO membranes for use by the microfiltration or ultrafiltration separation processes is a promising solution to the disposal problem. However, there are many gaps and differences in procedures and results. This article also discusses and brings to light key parameters involved and controversies about oxidative treatment of discarded RO membranes.
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Guo, Wan Qian, Hai Chao Luo, Shan Shan Yang, Qing Lian Wu, and Si Mai Peng. "Emerging Technologies for Phosphorus Removal and Recovery: A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 507 (January 2014): 702–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.507.702.
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Phosphorus is an essential element for life. But the release of phosphorus from wastewater effluents has identified as the major causes of eutrophication in aquctic environment and the effluent standards are becoming more and more stringent. Thus, both biological and chemical phosphorus remove processes have been widely used to remove phosphorus from wastewater, as well as combined phosphorus removal and recovery processes. This review presents the current and emerging investigation on phosphorus removal and recovery. The purpose of this paper is to guide or inspire researchers who are seeking feasible and efficient systems and processes for phosphorus removal and recovery.
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Wilson, Sherryl. "The Life Review and the (Alternative) Politics of Ageing." Journal of British Cinema and Television 14, no. 2 (April 2017): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2017.0363.
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Referencing Diana Athill's memoir, Alive, Alive Oh! And Other Things That Matter (2015), this article organises an analysis of the BBC television dramas A Cream Cracker under the Settee (1988) and She's Been Away (1989) through the frame of Robert Butler's concept of the life review (1975) which, he argues, is a process through which unresolved conflicts and past experiences return to reflective consciousness, thus enabling resolution and recalibration of relationships and past events in the elderly. Viewed in the light of Butler's ideas, Athill and the 75-year-old female protagonist of each narrative suggest rarely depicted levels of agency and ongoing identity formation in the elderly. Although very different in tone, aesthetic appeal, narrative structure and class location, each drama similarly explores the inner lives of elderly women and reveals personal truths hitherto unacknowledged by them which also offer a reflection on wider society. In each case, the elderly protagonist can be seen as a subject in process with an identity formation that does not end in late life, while the life review also works to lift the veil between the dominant culture that largely wants to deny processes of ageing, and therefore death, and the lived experience of those undergoing the process.
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Perkins, Harold A. "A Review of: “Loose Space: Possibility and Diversity in Urban Life”." Professional Geographer 60, no. 1 (January 2008): 154–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00330120701724475.
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Ekundayo, Ariwadun Martha. "The Role of Hydrologic Processes in Catchments." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (September 8, 2020): 1216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug571.
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Hydrological processes within a catchment perform an important role in the functioning of the ecosystem, by incorporating the complex processes (physical, chemical and biological) that sustain life. Water is a very vital factor that determines the efficiency of the ecosystem, species composition and biodiversity, hence the imperativeness of a review of the catchment hydrological processes causing runoff. Some of the models, such as the Stochastic and the Physical and Probability Distribution Models, will be reviewed. The factors affecting these hydrological processes, determining their functioning within the catchment will be reviewed to examine their effects on the productivity of the basin. For proper catchment management, this review is important for examining integration and understanding the important challenges of the interaction between economic, environmental, and productivity values of catchments as complex socioecological systems. Catchments have common hydrological characteristics but vary in their runoff response within the basin which is subject to the dominant hydrological factor controlling the catchment
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Kanitz, W. "Follicular dynamic and ovulation in cattle – a review." Archives Animal Breeding 46, no. 2 (October 10, 2003): 187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-46-187-2003.
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Abstract. A review is given about follicular populations and aspects of follicular development in cattle. Ovaries of cattle contain two different pools of follicles, the non-growing pool and the growing pool. Entry of primordial follicles into the growth phase occurs throughout the reproductive life. Once follicles are recruited to grow, they are destined to undergo atresia or ovulation. Growth of obligatory gonadotropin-dependent follicles occurs in a wave like pattern. The growth waves are characterised by the processes of recruitment, selection and dominance. The known mechanisms responsible for these three processes are discussed.
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Hupkens, Susan, Anja Machielse, Marleen Goumans, and Peter Derkx. "Meaning in life of older persons: An integrative literature review." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 8 (December 21, 2016): 973–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016680122.
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Background: Meaning in life of older persons is related to well-being, health, quality of life, and “good life.” However, the topic is scarcely covered in nursing literature. Objective: The aim of this integrative review for nurses is to synthesize knowledge from scholarly literature to provide insight into how older persons find meaning in life, what are influencing circumstances, and what are their sources of meaning. The review serves as a starting point for including meaning in life of older persons as a major concern for nurses in their role as health promoters. Method: An integrative review was performed including empirical research literature and texts on theoretical perspectives. Ethical consideration: Researches agree with ethical codes for research of universities in the Netherlands. For literature reviews no additional procedures are necessary according to Dutch law. Findings: A total of 44 heterogeneous texts were included in this review. Finding meaning in life is challenging for older persons. Older persons find meaning through a developmental process, by creating and discovering. Meaning in life is found in connection with self and others. Health, living together, high socio-economic status, social relations, activities, and religion are associated with experiencing meaning in later life. The main source of meaning in life of older persons is human relationships. Other sources of meaning in life vary by age and culture. Discussion: The review provides insight into meaning in life of older persons. There are several gaps in knowledge: literature is culturally biased, research on discovery of meaning and daily meaning is limited, and research from a nursing perspective is lacking. In practice, nurses have many opportunities to attune to meaning in life of patients. Further development of competence and training are needed. Conclusion: Older persons find meaning in life through different processes. Meaning in life is associated with the circumstances old persons live in. Human relationship is the major source of meaning. The knowledge from this review is a necessary knowledge base for nurses to include meaning in life of older patients in care. Further research is needed to explore the role of nurses.
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Hawryluk, Marek. "Review of selected methods of increasing the life of forging tools in hot die forging processes." Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 4 (September 2016): 845–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2016.06.001.
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Smith, George Davey. "Life-course approaches to inequalities in adult chronic disease risk." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 66, no. 2 (April 30, 2007): 216–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665107005460.
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A life-course approach to chronic-disease epidemiology uses a multidisciplinary framework to understand the importance of time and timing in associations between exposures and outcomes at the individual and population levels. Such an approach to chronic diseases is enriched by specification of the particular manner in which timing in relation to physical growth, reproduction, infection, social mobility, behavioural transitions etc. can influence various adult chronic diseases in different ways, and more ambitiously by how these temporal processes are interconnected and manifested in health inequalities within a population and in population-level disease trends. The paper will discuss some historical background to life-course epidemiology and theoretical models of life-course processes, and will review some of the empirical evidence linking life-course processes to CHD, haemorrhagic stroke, stomach cancer and other chronic diseases in adulthood. It will also underscore that a life-course approach offers a way to conceptualize how underlying socio-environmental determinants of health, experienced at different life-course stages, can differentially influence the development of chronic diseases, as mediated through proximal specific biological processes.
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Zhou, Wenjuan. "Book review of Bogusławska-Tafelska, M. 2016. Ecolinguistics: communication processes at the seam of life. New York: Peter Lang." Scripta Neophilologica Posnaniensia, no. 18 (February 7, 2019): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/snp.2018.18.26.
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Ravn, Maiken B., Kirsten S. Petersen, and Jette Thuesen. "Rehabilitation for People Living with Dementia: A Scoping Review of Processes and Outcomes." Journal of Aging Research 2019 (June 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4141050.
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Objectives. The aim of this scoping review was to map intervention studies of rehabilitation for people living with dementia regarding processes and outcomes, with a particular focus on whether the intervention is person-centred, home-based, or organised adopting a multidisciplinary approach and measures outcomes relating to everyday functioning and well-being. Methods. A systematic search of electronic databases was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane. Studies from 2005 to November 2018 were collected and screened for relevance and quality. Randomised control trials and prospective cohort trials reporting a statistically significant effect on one or more outcome measures were included. Included studies were mapped according to selected processes and outcome measures. Results. Twenty-six intervention studies were included and mapped. Nineteen of the interventions were person-centred, nine were home-based, and 14 reported a multidisciplinary approach. Twelve of the interventions had activities of daily living as an outcome measure, and 14 had quality of life as an outcome measure. Conclusion. Person-centredness appears in most rehabilitation interventions for people living with dementia. Other processes and outcomes are heterogeneously described in the research literature. Rehabilitation programmes can be home-based or take place at a centre. Although not exclusive, the organisation of rehabilitation can be multidisciplinary. Fewer than half of the intervention studies measure the impact on activities of daily living and quality of life. Future guidelines must take into account the weak evidence regarding these aspects.
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Ahmed, Mukhtar, Shakeel Ahmad, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Qadir, Rifat Hayat, Farid Asif Shaheen, and Muhammad Ali Raza. "Innovative Processes and Technologies for Nutrient Recovery from Wastes: A Comprehensive Review." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (September 10, 2019): 4938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11184938.
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Waste management is necessary for environmental and economic sustainability, but it depends upon socioeconomic, political, and environmental factors. More countries are shifting toward recycling as compared to landfilling; thus, different researchers have presented the zero waste concept, considering the importance of sustainability. This review was conducted to provide information about different well established and new/emerging technologies which could be used to recover nutrients from wastes and bring zero waste concepts in practical life. Technologies can be broadly divided into the triangle of nutrient accumulation, extraction, and release. Physicochemical mechanisms, plants, and microorganisms (algae and prokaryotic) could be used to accumulate nutrients. Extraction of nutrient is possible through electrodialysis and crystallization while nutrient release can occur via thermochemical and biochemical treatments. Primary nutrients, i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, are used globally and are non-renewable. Augmented upsurges in prices of inorganic fertilizers and required discharge restrictions on nutrients have stimulated technological developments. Thus, well-proven technologies, such as biochar, composting, vermicomposting, composting with biochar, pyrolysis, and new emerging technologies (forward osmosis and electro-dialysis) have potential to recover nutrients from wastes. Therefore, reviewing the present and imminent potential of these technologies for adaptation of nutrient recycling from wastes is of great importance. Since waste management is a significant concern all over the globe and technologies, e.g., landfill, combustion, incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification, are available to manage generated wastes, they have adverse impacts on society and on the environment. Thus, climate-friendly technologies, such as composting, biodegradation, and anaerobic decomposition, with the generation of non-biodegradable wastes need to be adopted to ensure a sustainable future environment. Furthermore, environmental impacts of technology could be quantified by life cycle assessment (LCA). Therefore, LCA could be used to evaluate the performance of different environmentally-friendly technologies in waste management and in the designing of future policies. LCA, in combination with other approaches, may prove helpful in the development of strategies and policies for the selection of dynamic products and processes.
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Kleinekorte, Johanna, Lorenz Fleitmann, Marvin Bachmann, Arne Kätelhön, Ana Barbosa-Póvoa, Niklas von der Assen, and André Bardow. "Life Cycle Assessment for the Design of Chemical Processes, Products, and Supply Chains." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 11, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 203–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011520-075844.
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Design in the chemical industry increasingly aims not only at economic but also at environmental targets. Environmental targets are usually best quantified using the standardized, holistic method of life cycle assessment (LCA). The resulting life cycle perspective poses a major challenge to chemical engineering design because the design scope is expanded to include process, product, and supply chain. Here, we first provide a brief tutorial highlighting key elements of LCA. Methods to fill data gaps in LCA are discussed, as capturing the full life cycle is data intensive. On this basis, we review recent methods for integrating LCA into the design of chemical processes, products, and supply chains. Whereas adding LCA as a posteriori tool for decision support can be regarded as established, the integration of LCA into the design process is an active field of research. We present recent advances and derive future challenges for LCA-based design.
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Khan, Rana Muhammad Awais, Umair-ul Hassan, Shafiq-ur Rehman, and Nayab Tahir. "An Updated Review on Biological Half-Life & Volume of Distribution." Global Pharmaceutical Sciences Review III, no. I (December 30, 2018): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gpsr.2018(iii-i).03.
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Biological half-life and volume of distribution of the drug are the key parameters in understanding the pharmacokinetics of the drugs within the body as they affect all the pharmacokinetic processes including absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs and also associated with each other, ultimately effecting the Pharmacological action of the drug on its target site. Given study elaborates the various aspects of half-life, i.e., Alpha & beta half-lives, the contribution of Zero-order and first-order kinetics in ADME and interrelation among the volume of distribution & half-life along with the distribution & redistribution of the drug within the body. Moreover, the importance of half-life & Vd and the idea of Steady-state concentration is also discussed. Various types of physiological barriers, including the blood-brain barrier, placental barrier, blood-CSF barrier, affect the distribution of drugs.
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Font-Palma, Carolina. "Methods for the Treatment of Cattle Manure—A Review." C 5, no. 2 (May 15, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c5020027.
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Environmental concerns, caused by greenhouse gases released to the atmosphere and overrunning of nutrients and pathogens to water bodies, have led to reducing direct spread onto the land of cattle manure. In addition, this practice can be a source of water and air pollution and toxicity to life by the release of undesirable heavy metals. Looking at the current practices, it is evident that most farms separate solids for recycling purposes, store slurries in large lagoons or use anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The review explores the potential for cattle manure as an energy source due to its relatively large calorific value (HHV of 8.7–18.7 MJ/kg dry basis). This property is beneficial for thermochemical conversion processes, such as gasification and pyrolysis. This study also reviews the potential for upgrading biogas for transportation and heating use. This review discusses current cattle manure management technologies—biological treatment and thermochemical conversion processes—and the diverse physical and chemical properties due to the differences in farm practices.
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Sousa, Vitor F. C., and Francisco J. G. Silva. "Recent Advances on Coated Milling Tool Technology—A Comprehensive Review." Coatings 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030235.
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The milling process is one of the most used processes in the manufacturing industry. Milling, as a process, as evolved, with new machines and methods being employed, in order to obtain the best results consistently. Milling tools have also seen quite an evolution, from the uncoated high-speed steel tool, to the now vastly used, coated tools. Information on the use of these coated tools in recent scientific researches was collected. The coatings that are currently being researched are going to be presented, highlighting some novel advances in the nanocomposite and diamond coatings area, as these coatings are seeing a growing use in the industry, with very satisfactory results, with performance and tool-life increase. Wear mechanism of various types of coatings are also a popular topic on recent research, as the cutting behavior of these coated tools provides valuable information on the tool’s-life. Furthermore, analysis of these mechanisms enables for the selection of the best coating type for the correct application. Recently, the employment of coated tools paired with sustainable lubrication methods as seen some use. As this presents the opportunity to enhance the coated tool’s and the process’s performance, obtaining better results, in terms of better tool-life and better surface finish quality, in a more sustainable fashion.