Academic literature on the topic 'Life review processes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Life review processes"
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Korte, Jojanneke, Gerben J. Westerhof, and Ernst T. Bohlmeijer. "Mediating processes in an effective life-review intervention." Psychology and Aging 27, no. 4 (2012): 1172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029273.
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Shriar, Avrum J. "Life and Debt (review)." Journal of Latin American Geography 4, no. 2 (2005): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2005.0048.
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Gilichinsky, D., and S. Wagener. "Microbial life in permafrost: A historical review." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 6, no. 3 (July 1995): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430060305.
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Korte, J., C. H. C. Drossaert, G. J. Westerhof, and E. T. Bohlmeijer. "Life review in groups? An explorative analysis of social processes that facilitate or hinder the effectiveness of life review." Aging & Mental Health 18, no. 3 (October 9, 2013): 376–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2013.837140.
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Salzano, Francisco M. "Evolutionary change - patterns and processes." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 77, no. 4 (December 2005): 627–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652005000400006.
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The present review considered: (a) the factors that conditioned the early transition from non-life to life; (b) genome structure and complexity in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and organelles; (c) comparative human chromosome genomics; and (d) the Brazilian contribution to some of these studies. Understanding the dialectical conflict between freedom and organization is fundamental to give meaning to the patterns and processes of organic evolution.
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Underwood, John H., and Edward Troiano. "Critical Fracture Processes in Army Cannons: A Review." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 125, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1593075.
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Fast fracture in cannons can be well described using elastic-plastic fracture toughness, in combination with comparisons of cannon section size relative to the size required to maintain plane strain fracture. Fatigue fracture of cannon tubes is modeled from results of full-size fatigue tests that simulate cannon firing. These tests are also the basis of fatigue-intensity-factor modeling of fatigue life, which incorporates material strength, initial crack size and Bauschinger-modified autofrettage residual stress into life predictions. Environment-assisted fracture in the thermally damaged near-bore region of fired cannons is shown to be controlled by hydrogen. High strength cannon steels are susceptible to hydrogen; cannon propellant gases provide the hydrogen; and the source of sustained tensile stress is the near-bore thermal damage and compressive yielding. A thermo-mechanical model predicts tensile residual stress of similar depth to that of observed hydrogen cracks. Coating fracture in the thermal-damage region of fired cannons is characterized and modeled. The Evans/Hutchinson slip zone concept is extended to calculate in-situ coating fracture strength from observed crack spacing and hardness in the damaged region.
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Moura, Carla, Rita Santos-Rocha, Susana Franco, Cândida Malça, Cristina Galhano, Marta Henriques, and Pedro Morouço. "A Brief Review on Processes for Cartilage Repair." Applied Mechanics and Materials 890 (April 2019): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.890.229.
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The aim of the present review was to highlight some of the available processes for cartilage repair and regeneration. Considering the high impact that cartilage degeneration has in the quality of life, in an aging society, efforts to promote better treatments are crucial. The current available processes have advantages and drawbacks, that should be further investigated, aiming to obtain tailored and successful repair. Finally, some suggestions for tissue engineering strategies are presented, so that the scientific community can debate pros and cons to be investigated.
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Bennett, K. D. "Book Review: Structure and contingency: evolutionary processes in life and human society." Holocene 9, no. 5 (July 1999): 641–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095968369900900519.
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Van Rensburg, Melissa L., S’phumelele L. Nkomo, and Ntandoyenkosi M. Mkhize. "Life cycle and End-of-Life management options in the footwear industry: A review." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 599–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20908938.
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It is well recognized globally that the footwear industry contributes to a large waste stream throughout its life cycle. This article reviews the literature pertaining to the life cycle of footwear products and their End-of-Life (EoL) management strategies. The review discusses critical aspects of the footwear industry, commencing with a background on the growth and consumption of footwear products across the globe. The review provides an overview of the environmental impacts of different footwear materials across their life cycles. In this regard, leather materials are given intense focus due to their poor environmental performance. The review further examines proactive and reactive approaches to footwear waste management, whilst additionally exploring the challenges facing EoL footwear recovery. Finally, pyrolysis is examined as a thermochemical treatment process with value due to its potential to recover materials from post-consumer footwear. The significant findings in this review paper are as follows: (a) leather footwear materials have the most detrimental environmental impacts across their life cycle; (b) there is limited scientific literature on thermochemical processes (particularly pyrolysis) as waste recovery options for post-consumer footwear; and (c) several challenges face the recovery of post-consumer footwear products, including inefficient reverse logistics, mixed product recycling and difficulties establishing a value recovery chain. This review paper recommends further research on pyrolysis as a potential post-consumer footwear recovery option. Exploring the viability of new avenues for footwear waste recovery is significant due to its potential to divert this waste stream from landfills and allow a progression toward a more circular economy.
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Dannefer, Dale. "Systemic and Reflexive: Foundations of Cumulative Dis/Advantage and Life-Course Processes." Journals of Gerontology: Series B 75, no. 6 (October 6, 2018): 1249–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gby118.
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AbstractCumulative dis/advantage has been defined as the systemic tendency for interindividual divergence in a given characteristic to increase with the passage of time. Over recent decades, evidence supporting cumulative dis/advantage (CDA) as a cohort-based process that produces inequalities on a range of life-course outcomes has steadily increased. This paper reviews this growing body of work, grounding the discussion in CDA’s foundation as a general sociological construct with broad relevance. I emphasize the distinction between outcome and process, and then distinguish multiple levels of social analysis at which CDA operates. From this review, I extract two principles, endogenous system dynamics and life-course reflexivity, that can be cross-classified to provide a framework for analyzing contemporary research frameworks and initiatives relevant to CDA. I argue that the full sociological impact and implications of CDA research has been unevenly developed and applied, and conclude by suggesting some possible directions for further building on CDA’s insights.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life review processes"
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Morgan, Sarah. "The impact of a structured life review process on people with memory problems living in care homes." Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-a-structured-life-review-process-on-people-with-memory-problems-living-in-care-homes(425100b2-a328-4838-8ae3-b566c44b0085).html.
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The following study describes an investigation into the impact of a life review intervention on individuals experiencing cognitive impairment who were living in care homes. Previous research into the effect of life review and reminiscence has been inconclusive. Various studies have found improvements in depression, selfesteem, and life satisfaction in individuals without cognitive impairment who have participated in these activities. Relatively little research has been carried out with people with cognitive impairment. Seventeen individuals took part in the study and were randomly allocated to one of two groups. Eight individuals entered the experimental group and participated in a structured, individual, life review intervention that culminated in the creation of a life story book. Nine individuals entered a no treatment control group and took part in the pre, post and follow up assessments only. Using four psychometric assessment scales, the two groups were compared on levels of depression, selfesteem, life satisfaction and autobiographical memory prior to, immediately after and at six weeks following completion of the life review. The quantitative results indicated a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group in depression and also in a particular aspect of autobiographical memory relating to the recall of personal factual information. Life satisfaction and self-esteem remained relatively stable throughout the study. Various limitations and strengths of the project anfl intervention model are discussed, as are a number of issues to consider when car7ing out this form of intervention with this population.
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Acimovic, Aleksandar, and Aleksandar Bajceta. "Test script design approaches supporting reusability, maintainability and review process." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44724.
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Software testing is widely considered to be one of the most important parts of software development life-cycle. In this research, we investigated potential improvements in the testing process and design of automated test scripts inside Bombardier Transportation. For the creation of automated test scripts BT is using a group of programs called TAF (Test Automation Framework). These scripts are used for testing Train Control Management System (TCMS), software that is used for managing the train. TAF can export its test scripts in XML format. XML scripts are analyzed in order to identify the most frequent changes. To better understand the life cycle of automated Test scripts official documentation that defines the Verification and Validation process inside BT was analyzed. Also, an interview was conducted with one of the responsible persons for testing. We believe that we have found a possible solution for improving testing process and creation of automated test scripts in BT, and to evaluate it proof of concept tool was developed. The main idea behind the tool is to write the test script using keywords which are based on analysis that was conducted on test specification documentation. These keywords represent frequent actions that are being tested on the train. By storing those actions in keywords re-usability of test script is being increased. Also, because they are based on naturally language, they are having positive effect on readability and maintenance of the test script.
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Strand, Anton. "Continuous Integration Pipelines to Assess Programming Assignments : Test Like a Professional." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96713.
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Examiners of programming assignments in higher education and people in the software industry both need to test and review code. However, the assessing techniques used are often quite different. The IT industry often uses agile work methods like continuous integration and automated tests, while examiners either do manual assessments or rely on code grading tools. The students will most likely become developers and work using agile processes. Therefore, there are possible benefits of universities trying to imitate the work processes of the software industry. The purpose of this study was to develop a workflow for programming assignments inspired by continuous integration, Scrum, and GitLab flow. The workflow was developed based on the requirements of Linnaeus University and tested on one of their programming assignments. It showed that a simplified agile work process is suitable for programming assignments since the demonstration fulfilled all of the predefined requirements. However, examiners might miss some of the workflow’s benefits if the programming assignment can not be tested automatically since it will require more manual work while grading.
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Esteso, Álvarez Ana. "Operations research models for the management of supply chains of perishable and heterogeneous products in uncertain contexts. Application to the agri-food and ceramic sectors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/141099.
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Tesis por compendio[ES] Algunos productos se caracterizan por su falta de homogeneidad, lo que significa que productos con diferentes características pueden ser obtenidos de un mismo proceso de producción debido a factores incontrolables como la naturaleza de las materias primas o las condiciones ambientales durante la producción. Hay cuatro aspectos que caracterizan la falta de homogeneidad en el producto: los subtipos homogéneos que se obtienen de un mismo lote de producción, la cantidad de productos que componen cada subtipo, el valor de cada uno de los subtipos, y el estado de los productos. La falta de homogeneidad en el producto dificulta la gestión de los procesos de las empresas y cadenas de suministro en el momento en el que los clientes requieren homogeneidad entre las unidades de producto que adquieren. Un ejemplo de esto se produce en el sector de la cerámica, en el que los clientes requieren que todas las unidades que van a ser ensambladas juntas tengan el mismo color, espesor y calidad por razones estéticas y de seguridad. Otro ejemplo es el extraído del sector agroalimentario, en el que el mercado final requiere productos que cumplan con un tamaño mínimo, un color particular, o sabor en el caso de las frutas. Además, el sector agroalimentario tiene la complejidad añadida producida por el deterioro de los productos a lo largo del tiempo, y la necesidad de los mercados de ofrecer a los clientes productos con una mínima duración tras su venta. En esta Tesis, se define como productos heterogéneos a aquellos productos que se pueden clasificar en subtipos homogéneos con una cantidad variable, mientras que los productos perecederos son aquellos que, además de ser heterogéneos, tienen falta de homogeneidad en su estado. De acuerdo con estos conceptos, el sector cerámico comercializa productos heterogéneos mientras que el sector agroalimentario comercializa productos perecederos. Esta Tesis propone marcos conceptuales y modelos de Investigación Operativa que soporten la gestión de cadenas de suministro con productos heterogéneos y perecederos en la toma de decisiones centralizada y distribuidas relacionadas con los niveles de decisión estratégica, táctica y operativa. El objetivo es mejorar la competitividad, sostenibilidad y flexibilidad de la cadena de suministro para adaptarse a los requerimientos del mercado bajo condiciones de incertidumbre. Para esto, se han propuesto modelos de Investigación Operativa deterministas e inciertos, cuyos resultados se comparan concluyendo que los resultados obtenidos con los modelos inciertos se adaptan mejor al comportamiento real de las cadenas de suministros.Los modelos de Investigación Operativa propuestos han contribuido a tres áreas de investigación: problemas operativos en el sector cerámico, problemas estratégicos en el sector agroalimentario y problemas de planificación en el sector agroalimentario. Las principales novedades en los problemas operativos en el sector cerámico son el modelado de las características de las baldosas cerámicas, la consideración de los requerimientos de homogeneidad entre unidades de diferentes líneas de pedido, y la posibilidad de realizar entregas parciales y entregas con retraso. Esta Tesis contribuye a los problemas estratégicos en el sector agroalimentario al diseñar una cadena de suministro completa de productos agroalimentarios frescos considerando el aspecto perecedero de los productos e integrando decisiones tácticas, y determinando el impacto real que tiene considerar el aspecto perecedero de los productos durante el diseño de la cadena de suministro ...
[CA] Alguns productes es caracteritzen per la seua falta d'homogeneïtat, el que significa que productes amb diferents característiques poden ser obtinguts d'un mateix procés de producció degut a factors incontrolables com la naturalesa de les matèries primeres o les condicions ambientals durant la producció. Hi ha quatre aspectes que caracteritzen la falta d'homogeneïtat en el producte: els subtipus homogenis que s'obtenen d'un mateix lot de producció, la quantitat de productes que componen cada subtipus, el valor de cada un dels subtipus, i l'estat dels productes. La falta d'homogeneïtat en el producte dificulta la gestió dels processos de les empreses i cadenes de subministrament en el moment en què els clients requerixen homogeneïtat entre les unitats de producte que adquirixen. Un exemple d'açò es produïx en el sector de la ceràmica, en el que els clients requerixen que totes les unitats que seran acoblades juntes tinguen el mateix color, grossària i qualitat per raons estètiques i de seguretat. Un altre exemple és l'extret del sector agroalimentari, en el que el mercat final requerix productes que complisquen amb una grandària mínima, un color particular, o sabor en el cas de les fruites. A més, el sector agroalimentari té la complexitat afegida produïda pel deteriorament dels productes al llarg del temps, i la necessitat dels mercats d'oferir als clients productes amb una mínima duració després de la seua venda. En aquesta Tesi, es definix com a productes heterogenis a aquells productes que es poden classificar en subtipus homogenis amb una quantitat variable, mentres que els productes peribles són aquells que, a més de ser heterogenis, tenen falta d'homogeneïtat en el seu estat. D'acord amb aquests conceptes, el sector ceràmic comercialitza productes heterogenis mentres que el sector agroalimentari comercialitza productes peribles. Aquesta Tesi proposa marcs conceptuals i models d'Investigació Operativa que suporten la gestió de cadenes de subministrament amb productes heterogenis i peribles en la presa de decisions centralitzada i distribuïdes relacionades amb els nivells de decisió estratègica, tàctica i operativa. L'objectiu és millorar la competitivitat, sostenibilitat i flexibilitat de la cadena de subministrament per adaptar-se als requeriments del mercat sota condicions d'incertesa. Per a açò, s'han proposat models d'Investigació Operativa deterministes i incerts, els resultats es comparen concloent que els resultats obtinguts amb els models incerts s'adapten millor al comportament real de les cadenes de subministraments. Els models d'Investigació Operativa proposats han contribuït a tres àrees d'investigació: problemes operatius en el sector ceràmic, problemes estratègics en el sector agroalimentari i problemes de planificació en el sector agroalimentari. Les principals novetats en els problemes operatius en el sector ceràmic són el modelatge de les característiques de les rajoles ceràmiques, la consideració dels requeriments d'homogeneïtat entre unitats de diferents línies de comanda, i la possibilitat de realitzar lliuraments parcials i lliuraments amb retard. Aquesta Tesi contribueix als problemes estratègics en el sector agroalimentari al dissenyar una cadena de subministrament completa de productes agroalimentaris frescos considerant l'aspecte perible dels productes, integrant decisions tàctiques, i determinant l'impacte real que té considerar l'aspecte perible dels productes durant el disseny de la cadena de subministrament ...
[EN] Some products are characterised by their lack of homogeneity, what means that products with different characteristics can be obtained from the same production process due to uncontrollable factors such as the nature of raw materials or the environmental conditions during production. There are four aspects that characterize the lack of homogeneity in the product: the homogeneous subtypes to be obtained from a production lot, the quantity of products that belong to each subtype, the value related to each of the subtypes and the state of the products. The lack of homogeneity in the product hinders the management of the supply chain or company's processes at the time customers require the homogeneity among the acquired units of product. An example of this is produced in the ceramic tile sector, in which customers need all acquired ceramic tiles that are going to be jointly assembled to have the same colour, thickness and quality for aesthetic and safety reasons. Another example is the extracted from the agri-food sector, in which final markets require products that meet some characteristics such as a minimum size, a particular colour or flavour in the case of fruits. In addition, the agri-food sector has the added complexity produced by the deterioration of products over time, and the need of markets to offer to end consumers products with a minimum durability after sale. In this Thesis, heterogeneous products are defined as products for which different subtypes can be obtained in a variable quantity while perishable products are those that, apart from being heterogeneous, have a lack of homogeneity in their state. According to these concepts, ceramic sectors would commercialize heterogeneous products while the agri-food sector would do so with perishable products. This Thesis proposes conceptual frameworks and Operations Research models to support the management of supply chains with heterogeneous and perishable products in centralized and distributed decision-making processes related to strategic, tactical and operative decisional levels. The objective is to improve the supply chain competitiveness, sustainability and flexibility to adapt to market requirements under uncertain conditions. For this, both deterministic and uncertain Operations Research models have been proposed, whose results are compared concluding that results obtained with uncertain models better fit with the behaviour of real supply chains. The proposed Operations Research models have contributed to three research areas: operational problems in the ceramic sector, strategic problems in the agri-food sector and planning problems in the agri-food sector. Main novelties in the ceramic operational problems are the modelling of the characteristics of ceramic tile products, the consideration of homogeneity requirements between units from different order lines, and the possibility of making partial deliveries and delayed deliveries. This Thesis contributes to strategic problems in agri-food products by designing an entire fresh agri-food supply chain considering the perishability of products and integrating tactical decisions, and by determining the real impact that considering the products' perishability has on the supply chain design process ...
This Thesis has been developed in the Research Centre of Management and Production Engineering (CIGIP, for its acronym in Spanish “Centro de Investigación en Gestión e Ingeniería de Producción”) of the Universitat Politècnica de València with the support of the predoctoral grant Programme of Formation of University Professors (FPU, for its acronym in Spanish “Formación de Profesorado Universitario”) from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Ref. FPU15/03595). The supervisors of this Thesis are Dr. Angel Ortiz, and Dra. María del Mar Alemany Diaz that are Professors in the Research Centre of Management and Production Engineering (CIGIP) of the Universitat Politècnica de València. The FPU grant has been endorsed by the supervisor Dr. Ángel Ortiz. This Thesis has also been supported by the project ‘RUC-APS: Enhancing and implementing Knowledge based ICT solutions within high Risk and Uncertain Conditions for Agriculture Production Systems’ (Ref. 691249) funded by the EU under its funding scheme H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015, the project ‘Methods and models for operations planning and order management in supply chains characterised by uncertainty in production due to the lack of product uniformity’ (PLANGES-FHP) (Ref. DPI2011- 23597) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. The projects RUC-APS and PLANGES-FHP have been led by the one of the supervisors of this Thesis Dr. María del Mar Eva Alemany. In order to obtain the international mention for this Thesis, three months of research stages have been made in the research agency Agenzia Lucana di Sviluppo e di Innovazione in Agricoltora, located in Metaponto (Italy)
Esteso Álvarez, A. (2020). Operations research models for the management of supply chains of perishable and heterogeneous products in uncertain contexts. Application to the agri-food and ceramic sectors [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/141099
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Mallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. "Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
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Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
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Foster, Sandra Joan. "Crystallising meaning: attitudes of listening to illness narratives." 2008. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/3289.
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This study involves listening to illness narratives embedded in in-depth life review processes. The method of multiple interview and multi-modal analysis and reflective responding utilised in the study aims to add to the existing field of research by expanding the understanding of what it is like to be heard or not heard, for people who are either patients, or family members. The study also aims to demonstrate how self-aware ,compassionate and reflective listening, particularly in healthcare relationships, can allow meaning to emerge from within the illness experience, thus enriching the wellbeing of patients, family members and their various healthcare professionals.Stories of disruption arising within healthcare settings often confronted me during more than forty years of nursing experience and also resonated within my personal experiences. These stories express a gulf between patients, family members, or residents in healthcare institutions, and the healthcare organization and its staff. A recurring theme was that these people felt that they had not been listened to by those they trusted to give them care, with a lasting sense of disruption to their wellbeing. In focusing on the dimensions of reflective listening and intersubjective responding, the implications of being heard on the well being of both narrator and listener can be elucidated. An objective of the research became to articulate the attributes and values of compassionate, reflective listening and elucidate the complex nature of the narrating and listening relationship. (For complete abstract open document)
Books on the topic "Life review processes"
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Ciofalo, Michele. Nanoscale fluid dynamics in physiological processes: A review study. Southampton, England: WIT Press, 1999.
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French, Tom. Judicial review: A guide for people serving a life sentence, 15-25. Ottawa: Correctional Service Canada, 2002.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations. Administration efforts on line-by-line budget review: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, first session, October 5, 2011. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.
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Serafimova, Vera. History of Russian literature of XX-XXI centuries. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1138897.
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The textbook consists of review and monographic chapters, presents a modern view of the literary process of the XX-beginning of the XXI century, examines the work of poets, prose writers, playwrights who caused an extraordinary rise in spirituality and culture of the period under consideration. The analysis of the top works of Nobel prize winners: I. Bunin, B. Pasternak, M. Sholokhov, A. Solzhenitsyn, V. Shalamov, I. Brodsky, writers-front — line poets and prose writers is given. Attention is paid to the work of writers of Russian emigration. The section "Modern prose" includes materials about philosophical and aesthetic searches in the works of such writers As V. Rasputin, L. Borodin, Yu. Polyakov, B. Ekimov, A. Bitov, V. Makanin, A. Kabakov, V. Tokareva, etc. It offers questions and tasks for independent work, topics of essays, term papers and theses, a list of bibliographic sources. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for students of higher educational institutions.
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Beeghly, Marjorie, Bruce D. Perry, and Edward Tronick. Self-Regulatory Processes in Early Development. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.3.
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In this chapter, we focus on the emergence of self-regulatory processes during infancy, as framed in biopsychosocial context. We begin with a brief review of the neurobiological underpinnings of early self-regulatory processes and how self-regulatory systems develop in early childhood. Next, given that infants come into the world highly dependent on caregiver support for their survival, we argue that the emergence of self-regulation occurs primarily in a relational context, and that the capacity for self-regulation reflects both self- and parent–infant co-regulatory processes. We also provide evidence to show that variations in these early self- and parent–infant regulatory processes are linked to children’s resilient or maladaptive functioning in later life. We illustrate our arguments with findings from developmental research on self-regulation in at-risk populations and in diverse contextual–cultural settings. After a brief discussion of the implications of this literature for practice, we conclude that the Mutual Regulation Model provides a useful framework for practitioners attending to the quality of the parent–infant relationship.
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Bachman, Ronet, and Ray Paternoster. Understanding Offender Decision Making Using Surveys, Interviews, and Life Event Calendars. Edited by Wim Bernasco, Jean-Louis van Gelder, and Henk Elffers. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199338801.013.24.
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Research has increasingly utilized surveys and intensive interviews to investigate the cognitive processes inherent in offenders’ decision making. Moreover, these methods have often been included in mixed-methods approaches that include life events calendars to enhance recall of past events and thought processes, or they have been included as part of experimental designs to elucidate causal mechanisms. This chapter provides a review of research that investigates offender decision making using samples from the general population of adolescents or young adults as well as samples of adolescents at a higher risk of offending. Survey research utilizing samples of adolescent and young adult offenders, called the Pathways to Desistance study, is also reviewed, along with survey research of adult offenders in specific correctional settings. Finally, recent inductive research that relies on intensive interviews is reviewed.
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Peach, Ken. Reviewing Research, Making Proposals and Evaluating Science. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796077.003.0011.
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This chapter focuses on the review process, the process of writing a proposal and the evaluation of science. The usual way that science is funded these days is through a proposal to a funding agency; if it satisfies peer review and there are sufficient resources available, it is then funded. Peer review is at the heart of academic life, and is used to assess research proposals, progress, publications and institutions. Peer review processes are discussed and, in light of this discussion, the art of proposal writing. The particular features of making fellowship proposals and preparing for an institutional review are described. In addition, several of the methods used for evaluating and ranking research and research institutions are reviewed, including the Research Assessment Exercise and the Research Excellence Framework.
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Wurmser, Rachel. Development Through the Life Cycle. Edited by Isis Burgos-Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265557.003.0001.
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In this chapter the essential aspects of personality development, developmental processes from infancy through adolescence and the environmental influences on growth and development are reviewed. Also, are topics on psychosocial influence on growth and development including deprivation. Additionally, issues related to personality adaptation during adulthood and late life along with developmental processes are reviewed. Furthermore there are reviews on psychosocial influences on adulthood and late life. Topics on acquisition and loss of specific capacities like menopause, cognition and endurance during adult will also be reviewed
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Poelmans, Steven, and Elena O. Stepanova. A Neuroscience Perspective of the Work–Family–Life Interface. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.31.
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This chapter offers a review of neuroscientific principles and findings that inform the understanding of the intraindividual and interindividual experience of work–life conflict and enrichment. Advances in neuroscientific research have generated a better understanding of different basic processes that underlie role conflict, such as expectations, attention, multitasking, and stress. In the tradition of positive psychology we have seen a significant shift in work–family research toward a positive approach, complementing a conflict perspective with a focus on facilitation, enrichment, and balance. In this chapter we highlight two resources that are key for understanding positive spillover effects: energy/dopaminergic levels and social support. Inspired by insights, theories, and methods in neuroscience, we formulate recommendations for future interdisciplinary research in the work–family research domain.
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Leadbeater, Bonnie, and Clea Sturgess. Relational Aggression and Victimization and Psychopathology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491826.003.0007.
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Reviews of the cross-sectional research support the associations between relational victimization and relational aggression and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems. We review longitudinal research examining these associations and processes that may explain how relational victimization becomes linked to the development of psychopathology, particularly in late childhood and early adolescence. Longitudinal research is reviewed that locates mediators of the association between relational victimization and psychopathology in either faulty cognitive processes or problematic peer behaviors. Little research focuses on the longitudinal associations between relational aggression and psychopathology; however, research has begun to demonstrate considerable overlap of this type of aggression with other antisocial behaviors. We propose a conceptual framework that integrates the personal and social aspects of identity development in late childhood and early adolescence. We aim to advance our understanding of why peer victimization is associated with internalizing problems, and why, indeed, this association can become life threatening.
Book chapters on the topic "Life review processes"
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Li, Wen. "Review on the State of the Research in Energy and Eco-efficiency of Manufacturing Processes." In Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management, 5–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17365-8_2.
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Meireles, José Eduardo, Brian O’Meara, and Jeannine Cavender-Bares. "Linking Leaf Spectra to the Plant Tree of Life." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 155–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_7.
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AbstractEvolutionary trees recount the history of how biological diversity came to be and how evolution gave rise to the incredible variation in plant form and function that can be captured by spectral reflectance. Understanding plant spectra in light of evolution is thus important for assessing biodiversity and critical for explaining how spectral diversity is generated. Here, we focus on leaf spectra and how they are linked to the plant tree of life. We review what evolutionary trees (phylogenies) are and how to interpret them. We then describe how to model the evolution of quantitative traits, discuss which evolutionary processes are involved, and explain specific concepts and metrics, such as phylogenetic signal and evolutionary rates, and how they can be applied to reflectance spectra. Next, we describe a framework that links phylogenies and leaf spectra by coupling models of evolution and radiative transfer models. In doing so, we review some of the challenges of subjecting spectra to evolutionary analyses. We then discuss how spectra can help us to understand leaf evolution and to differentiate plant taxa at different phylogenetic scales from populations to lineages, advancing our potential to remotely detect biodiversity.
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Zilincik, Samuel, and Isabelle Duyvesteyn. "Deterrence: A Continuation of Emotional Life with the Admixture of Violent Means." In NL ARMS, 455–74. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_24.
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AbstractDeterrence is more than anything a psychological mechanism. It depends on emotions that orchestrate processes across organisms to deal with the challenges of the present and the future. However, deterrence scholarship has had a turbulent relationship with emotions. The main aim of this chapter is to review what we know and what we do not know about emotions and deterrence. The secondary aim is to develop a dynamic and interactive emotion-centric model of deterrence to explain where and how emotions play a role in such a mechanism. We combine the methods of theoretical analysis and literature review to achieve these aims. Our findings indicate that emotions give a new meaning to deterrence by changing the nature of the theory and by highlighting problems of practice. More specifically, scholars should reconsider both the means and the ends of deterrence. Practitioners should be aware that deterrence efforts are hard to sustain and may produce emotional effects detrimental to their original purpose.
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Oris, Michel, Marie Baeriswyl, and Andreas Ihle. "The Life Course Construction of Inequalities in Health and Wealth in Old Age." In Handbook of Active Ageing and Quality of Life, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58031-5_5.
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AbstractIn this contribution, we will mobilize the interdisciplinary life course paradigm to consider the processes through which individual heterogeneity in health and wealth is constructed all along life, from the cradle to old age. Considering altogether historical, family and individual times, the life course perspective has been developed in sociology, (lifespan) psychology and epidemiology, and has framed many important studies during the last four decades. The theory of cumulative disadvantage is for sure the most popular in social sciences, explaining how little inter-individual differences early in life expand all along life to reach maximal amplitude among the “young old” (before the selection by differential mortality at very old age). In lifespan psychology, the theory of cognitive reserve (educational level being a proxy) and its continuation, the theory of use or disuse (of cognition during adult life) have more or less the same explanatory power, cognition being a decisive precondition for active ageing and quality of life in old age. However, in spite of the success of those theoretical bodies, a prominent figure in the field, Glen Elder, recently observed that there is surprisingly little evidence for cumulative processes and that a wide variety of model specifications remain completely untested. This finding makes even more important a critical review of the literature which summarize several robust evidences, but also discuss contradictory results and suggest promising research tracks. This exercise considers the life course construction of inequalities in the distribution of objective resources older adults have (or not) “to live the life they own value” (to quote A. Sen 2001). But it is also crucial to consider the subjective component that is inherent to the understanding of well-being.
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Cummings, Christopher L., Kaitlin M. Volk, Anna A. Ulanova, Do Thuy Uyen Ha Lam, and Pei Rou Ng. "Emerging Biosecurity Threats and Responses: A Review of Published and Gray Literature." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 13–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-2086-9_2.
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AbstractThe field of biotechnology has been rigorously researched and applied to many facets of everyday life. Biotechnology is defined as the process of modifying an organism or a biological system for an intended purpose. Biotechnology applications range from agricultural crop selection to pharmaceutical and genetic processes (Bauer and Gaskell 2002). The definition, however, is evolving with recent scientific advancements. Until World War II, biotechnology was primarily siloed in agricultural biology and chemical engineering. The results of this era included disease-resistant crops, pesticides, and other pest-controlling tools (Verma et al. 2011). After WWII, biotechnology began to shift domains when advanced research on human genetics and DNA started. In 1984, the Human Genome Project (HGP) was formerly proposed, which initiated the pursuit to decode the human genome by the private and academic sectors. The legacy of the project gave rise to ancillary advancements in data sharing and open-source software, and solidified the prominence of “big science;” solidifying capital-intensive large-scale private-public research initiatives that were once primarily under the purview of government-funded programs (Hood and Rowen 2013). After the HGP, the biotechnology industry boomed as a result of dramatic cost reduction to DNA sequencing processes. In 2019 the industry was globally estimated to be worth $449.06 billion and is projected to increase in value (Polaris 2020).
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Lundell, Björn, Jonas Gamalielsson, Andrew Katz, and Mathias Lindroth. "Perceived and Actual Lock-in Effects Amongst Swedish Public Sector Organisations When Using a SaaS Solution." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 59–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84789-0_5.
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AbstractWhen a public sector organisation (PSO) uses a software as a service (SaaS) solution from a global provider this imposes risks for different types of lock-in effects. In turn, use of such solutions by PSOs may prevent full control of digital assets that need to be created, processed, maintained, and archived for use and reuse over long life-cycles. This paper addresses perceived and actual lock-in effects related to use of SaaS solutions in the public sector. We review perceptions of lock-in amongst government agencies and investigate how 46 PSOs have addressed challenges related to obtaining licences and an effective exit plan related to use of the Microsoft Office 365 SaaS solution. Through a review of responses to a survey conducted by the Swedish Government Offices we find significant misconceptions concerning lock-in effects. We find that every one of the 46 PSOs investigated neither obtained necessary licences nor established an effective exit strategy to allow the PSO to independently access, process and maintain digital assets processed by the SaaS solution after decommissioning. We present recommendations for any PSO considering use of a SaaS solution.
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RINALDI, SERGIO, and ALESSANDRA GRAGNANI. "MINIMAL MODELS FOR DYADIC PROCESSES: A REVIEW." In Studies of Nonlinear Phenomena in Life Science, 87–104. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812812735_0005.
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Viney, Linda L., Yvonne N. Benjamin, and Carol Preston. "Mourning and Reminiscence: Parallel Psychotherapeutic Processes for Elderly People." In The Meaning of Reminiscence and life Review, 205–16. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315227269-14.
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Ghosh, Pooja, Subhanjan Sengupta, Lakhveer Singh, and Arunaditya Sahay. "Life cycle assessment of waste-to-bioenergy processes: a review." In Bioreactors, 105–22. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821264-6.00008-5.
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Gallagher-Thompson, Dolores, and Larry W. Thompson. "Module 7: Termination." In Treating Late Life Depression, edited by Dolores Gallagher-Thompson and Larry W. Thompson, 205–12. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780195383690.003.0010.
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This chapter describes the seventh module of CBT for late-life depression, which covers termination and the therapy ending processes. It includes scheduling the therapy conclusion process, maintenance of achievements, review of skills learned, planning for future stressful situations, and warning signs.
Conference papers on the topic "Life review processes"
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Al-Mutairi, Fahad M. "Certain investigations on water treatment processes for healthy life-review." In 2017 International Conference on Innovations in Green Energy and Healthcare Technologies (IGEHT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igeht.2017.8093977.
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DellaVilla, Salvatore A., and Robert F. Steele. "Parts Life Management: Essential for Minimizing Life Cycle Costs." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88010.
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This paper will review the issues associated with parts tracking and critical parts life management, discussing the need to implement accurate and efficient processes to develop meaningful and accurate empirical observations.
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DellaVilla, Salvatore A., and Robert F. Steele. "Parts Life Management: Essential for Minimizing Life Cycle Costs." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90219.
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This paper will review the issues associated with parts tracking and critical parts life management, discussing the need to implement accurate and efficient processes to develop meaningful and accurate empirical observations.
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Nguyen, Christy, Marshall Laminen, and Durul Ulutan. "A Review of Assisted / Augmented Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-3030.
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Abstract Manufacturing has a history almost as long as the humankind, but as materials get more and more complex due to material science technology, manufacturing them becomes increasingly difficult. Using processes in combination has been a common practice. Similarly, using a simple process to aid a more complex process has often been employed. However, more advanced technologies have been developed to manufacture difficult-to-manufacture materials, as well as advanced auxiliary techniques to aid the main manufacturing process. In most of these processes, the aim is to improve the manufacturability of the part. Initial considerations to improve manufacturability were focused on being able to produce the part in ways aligning with the design. For example, in hot forging, it was not possible to achieve the right product without the aid of the secondary process (heating). As the manufacturing field evolved, needs of the industry changed to improving part quality and lowering manufacturing costs. Modern methods of assisting main manufacturing processes focus on ensuring (1) an extended use of the tool quantified by lower tool wear and higher tool life, (2) improved machine capabilities quantified by lower maintenance times and higher automation, (3) improved final product quality quantified by dimensional accuracy and surface, subsurface, and bulk material quality, and (4) increased sustainability of the process quantified by lower resource use such as machine power and lubrication. In this study, an overview of the use of assistance in manufacturing processes is provided. The review is focused on more modern techniques such as laser, electrical, magnetic field, and ultrasonic assistance, more modern materials that are difficult-to-manufacture such as hardened steels and titanium and nickel-based alloys, and on machining processes that are more imminent for the critical industries such as automotive, aerospace, energy production, and biomedical industries.
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Malik, M. Afzaal, Shahab Khushnood, Muddasar Khan, Badar Rashid, and Musarrat Khan. "Hydraulic Autofrettage Technology: A Review." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48626.
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Thick-walled cylinders play a unique role in military, automobiles, aircraft and oil fields. The autofrettage method is used to increase the fatigue life of thick-walled components like gun barrel, titanium alloy tubes, nuclear reactor vessels, high pressure oil field pipes and LDPE. There are three types of autofrettage processes and hydraulic is the one applied mostly. The autofrettage process uses a pressure that is high enough to plastically deform the bore of the part but not so high that it bursts the component, is applied to the inside of tube. The result is that after the pressure is removed, the elastic recovery of the outer wall put the inner wall into compression, providing a residual compressive stress. In this research paper a study has been carried out to investigate the progress made in different fields by the hydraulic technique and proposals are sought for future work.
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Seerangan, Murugesan, Jalindar Walunj, and Somayajula Kishore Kumar. "Review of the State of Art in the Life Evaluation Technologies of Gas Turbine Parts." In ASME 2012 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2012-9587.
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Gas turbine parts used in today’s aircraft and power generation applications are experiencing one of the most challenging mechanical and thermal operating environments. While there is a compelling need for more realistic life predictions of turbine components for safer operation, it is important from contractual service costing perspective as well. Therefore, design engineers should strike a balance between component safety and life cycle cost by carefully incorporating design conservatism in life estimation processes and tools used in the design of these components. This paper outlines some of the unique challenges encountered in life predictions of gas turbine components and a brief review on the current methods and trends. The predominant failure modes discussed are: airfoil corrosion fatigue due to Foreign Object Damage (FoD) and subsequent erosion, cyclic failure modes like high cycle fatigue (HCF), fretting fatigue and low cycle fatigue (LCF), high temperature failure mechanisms like creep, oxidation, hot corrosion and spallation. Also, the challenges in the prediction of crack propagation life due to fatigue initiated cracks and defects due to material impurities are discussed. The interaction effects between creep and fatigue and those between LCF and HCF are also outlined in this paper.
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Linke, Barbara S. "Review on Grinding Tool Wear in Terms of Sustainability." In ASME 2014 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME 2014 International Conference on Materials and Processing and the 42nd North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2014-3921.
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Products and manufacturing processes need to become more sustainable. Grinding tools and grinding processes are no exception. The wear of grinding tools is an important factor in their grinding performance and affects the grinding process outcome strongly. Different wear mechanisms on the grit and bond level lead to a change in tool profile and sharpness. This paper discusses and defines common terms used in the literature. Wheel wear occurs in three phases, initial wear, steady-state wear, and wheel collapse. In multi-layer tools, a steady self-sharpening state is preferable. This means that tool material loss is intrinsic to grinding processes and needed for the process to function. The G-ratio is a common parameter to evaluate tool life but not exhaustive. Economic, environmental and social sustainability of tool wear touches many different aspects which are sometimes contrary, e.g. in terms of economic sustainability tool manufacturers need tool wear to sell replacements, but tool wear leads to more waste and reduces environmental sustainability.
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Haapala, Karl R., Fu Zhao, Jaime Camelio, John W. Sutherland, Steven J. Skerlos, David A. Dornfeld, I. S. Jawahir, Hong Chao Zhang, and Andres F. Clarens. "A Review of Engineering Research in Sustainable Manufacturing." In ASME 2011 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2011-50300.
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Sustainable manufacturing has been defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce as the creation of manufactured products using processes that minimize negative environmental impacts, conserve energy and natural resources, are safe for employees, communities, and consumers, and are economically sound. Thus, it requires simultaneous consideration of economic, environmental, and social implications associated with production and delivery of goods. Research in sustainable manufacturing is an important activity that informs product development from a life cycle perspective. At the process level, sustainable manufacturing research addresses issues related to planning, analysis and improvement, and the development of processes. At a systems level, sustainable manufacturing research addresses challenges relating to supply chain design, facility design and operations, and production planning. Though economically vital, manufacturing processes and systems have retained the negative image of being inefficient, polluting, and dangerous. Through strategic activities focused on sustainable processes and systems, industrial and academic engineering researchers are re-imagining manufacturing as a source of innovation to meet society’s future needs. Recent research into concepts, methods, and tools for sustainable manufacturing are highlighted at the systems level, and explored more deeply as they relate to discrete manufacturing process development and analysis. Despite recent developments in decision making, and process- and systems-level research, many challenges and opportunities remain. Several of these in manufacturing research, development, implementation, and education are highlighted.
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Nuzzo, Frank, and Ki-Sig Kang. "Comparison of Plant Life Management Approaches for Long Term Operations." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78854.
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Many Member States of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) have given high priority to long term operation of nuclear power plants beyond the timeframe originally anticipated (e.g. 30 or 40 years). Out of a total of 445 (369 GWe) operating nuclear power plants, 349 units (297 GWe) have been in operation for more than 20 years (as of November 2011) and many are engaged in investigations and studies aimed at prolonging the plant service life. The need for engineering support to operation, maintenance, safety review and life management for long term operation as well as education and training on LTO issues is increasingly evident. Plant life management (PLiM) techniques that can be defined as the integration of ageing and economic planning, have been used in operating nuclear power plants to maintain a high level of safety, optimize performance and justify long term operation (LTO) beyond the plant design life. In addition, as a follow up to the Fukushima accident, operators have become even more attentive to beyond design basis measures in the preparation of their plants for operation beyond their design life. In many countries, the safety performance of NPPs is periodically assessed and characterized via the periodic safety review (PSR) process. Regulatory review and acceptance of PSRs constitutes for these countries the licensing requirement for continued operation of the plant to the following PSR cycle (usually 10 years). In the USA and in other countries operating US designed plants, instead of a PSR process, a license renewal application (LRA) process is followed, which requires certain pre-requisites such as ageing management programmes, particularly for passive irreplaceable systems structures and components (SSCs). Active components are normally addressed via the maintenance rule (MR) requirements and other established regulatory processes. A third group of Member States have adopted a combined approach that incorporates elements of both the PSR process and selected LRA specific requirements, such as time limited ageing analysis. Taking into account this variety of approaches, the IAEA initiated work to collect and share information among Member States on good practices in plant life management for long term operation in nuclear power plants, by comparing the various approaches to the PSR reference and by drawing lessons learned from relevant applications and experiences.
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Cheung, Wai M., Linda B. Newnes, Antony R. Mileham, Robert Marsh, and John D. Lanham. "A Study of Life Cycle Costing in the Perspectives of Research and Commercial Applications in the 21st Century." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34425.
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This paper presents a review of research in the area of life cycle costing and offers a critique of current commercial cost estimation systems. The focus of the review is on relevant academic research on life cycle cost from 2000 onwards. In addition to this a comparison of the current cost estimation systems is presented. Using the review findings and industrial investigations as a base, a set of mathematical representations for design and manufacturing costs and the introduction of the critical factors is proposed. These are considered in terms of the operational, maintenance and disposal costs to create a method for ascertaining the life cycle cost estimate for complex products. This is presented using as an exemplar, research currently being undertaken in the area of low volume and long life electronic products in the UK defence sector. The benefit of the method proposed is that it aims to avoid the inflexibility of traditional approaches which usually require historical and legacy data to support the cost estimation processes.
Reports on the topic "Life review processes"
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GEORGETOWN UNIV WASHINGTON DC MEDICAL CENTER. Automated Information System (AIS) Life-Cycle Management (LCM) Process, Review and Milestone Approval Procedures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385514.
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Revill, James, Alisha Anand, and Giacomo Persi Paoli. Exploring Science and Technology Review Mechanisms Under the Biological Weapons Convention. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/sectec/2021/sandtreviews/01.
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Since the Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) opened for signature in 1972, biology and other converging disciplines have advanced considerably. These changes could have profound implications for a science-based disarmament agreement like the BWC. To address changes in biology and biotechnology, BWC States Parties have established processes to review developments in science and technology (S&T), including annual expert meetings on this topic. However, shortcomings are evident in the current approaches and many BWC States Parties have expressed support for a more systematic review of science and technology under the Convention. This study seeks to inform discussions on establishing a dedicated and systematic S&T review process under the BWC through an examination of existing S&T review-type mechanisms employed in different regimes beyond the BWC, a survey of States Parties views on a possible review mechanism and a study of past and present discourse on this issue in the BWC. Based on the analysis conducted, this study also presents options for BWC States Parties to consider ahead of the Ninth BWC Review Conference.
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Cairo, Jessica, Iulia Gherman, and Paul Cook. The effects of consumer freezing of food on its use-by date. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ret874.
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The current Food Standards Agency consumer guidance states that consumers can freeze pre-packed food right up to the “use-by” date and, once food has been defrosted, it should be consumed within 24 hours. This strategic review has collated relevant data to determine whether there is an increased risk in relation to freezing ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods on the use-by date compared to the day before the use-by date. The review has focused on how the shelf-life of a food is determined and the effects of freezing, thawing and refrigeration on foodborne pathogens, including Bacillus spp., Campylobacter spp., Clostridium botulinum, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. In the UK, food business operators are responsible for setting the safe shelf-life of a food which, in practice, should take into consideration the consumer habits, as well as the factors affecting shelf-life, such as food product characteristics, food processing techniques, transport, retail and domestic food storage temperatures, and type of packaging. Some countries, such as Ireland, New Zealand and Canada specifically recommend including safety margins within shelf lives. This is used to maintain brand integrity because it ensures that the food is consumed in its optimum condition. The FSA has collaborated with other organisations in the production of several guidance documents; however, there is no explicit requirement for the consideration of a margin of safety when setting shelf-life. There is also no legal requirement in the UK to consider a safety margin when setting shelf-life. According to regulations, pathogens should not be present in sufficient levels to cause foodborne illness on the use-by date, as food should still be safe to eat on that day. Given that these requirements are met, the risk assessed in this report arises from the processes of freezing, thawing and subsequent refrigerated storage for a further 24 hours, and the potential for these to increase pathogen levels. In this review, it was found that there is a risk of additional growth of certain pathogens during the refrigerated storage period although the impact of freezing and thawing on the extent of this growth was not readily evident. This risk would relate specifically to ready-to-eat foods as cooking of non-ready-to-eat foods after defrosting would eliminate pathogens. This report explores the potential issues related to consumer freezing on the use-by date and identifies additional information or research required to understand the risks involved. Overall, there is little evidence to suggest a significant change in risk between consumers freezing ready-to-eat food on the use-by date compared to freezing the food on the day before the use-by date. Specific areas that merit further research include the risks due to low temperature survival and growth of L. monocytogenes. There is also a lack of research on the effects of freezing, defrosting and refrigeration on the growth and toxin production of non-proteolytic C. botulinum, and the growth of Salmonella during domestic freezing and thawing. Finally, more information on how food business operators set shelf-life would enable a better understanding of the process and the extent of the safety margin when determining shelf-life of ready-to-eat and non-ready-to-eat foods.
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Jung, Jacob, Stephanie Hertz, and Richard Fischer. Summary of Collaborative Wildlife Protection and Recovery Initiative (CWPRI) conservation workshop : Least Bell’s Vireo. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42102.
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This special report summarizes the regional workshop held 24–26 April 2018 at the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Ecological Services Office in Carlsbad, California on the importance of collaboration among federal, state, and nongovernmental agencies to facilitate the recovery of threatened and endangered species (TES). This workshop focused primarily on one species, the least Bell’s vireo (LBVI), and how to achieve full recovery and eventual delisting through agency partnerships. A major theme of the workshop was applying the Endangered Species Act (ESA) Section 7(a)(1) conservation planning process as a building block towards recovery of LBVI—as well as other threatened, endangered, and at-risk riparian species within the Southwest. The main objective of this workshop was to assemble an interagency and interdisciplinary group of wildlife biologists and managers to detail how the Section 7(a)(1) conservation planning approach, in consultation with the USFWS, can assist in the recovery of LBVI primarily on federal lands but also other public and private lands. Goals of this workshop were to (1) review Section 7(a)(1); (2) outline LBVI ecosystem processes, life history, threats, and conservation solutions; and (3) develop and organize agency commitments to collaborative conservation practices.
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Bobashev, Georgiy, John Holloway, Eric Solano, and Boris Gutkin. A Control Theory Model of Smoking. RTI Press, June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0040.1706.
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We present a heuristic control theory model that describes smoking under restricted and unrestricted access to cigarettes. The model is based on the allostasis theory and uses a formal representation of a multiscale opponent process. The model simulates smoking behavior of an individual and produces both short-term (“loading up” after not smoking for a while) and long-term smoking patterns (e.g., gradual transition from a few cigarettes to one pack a day). By introducing a formal representation of withdrawal- and craving-like processes, the model produces gradual increases over time in withdrawal- and craving-like signals associated with abstinence and shows that after 3 months of abstinence, craving disappears. The model was programmed as a computer application allowing users to select simulation scenarios. The application links images of brain regions that are activated during the binge/intoxication, withdrawal, or craving with corresponding simulated states. The model was calibrated to represent smoking patterns described in peer-reviewed literature; however, it is generic enough to be adapted to other drugs, including cocaine and opioids. Although the model does not mechanistically describe specific neurobiological processes, it can be useful in prevention and treatment practices as an illustration of drug-using behaviors and expected dynamics of withdrawal and craving during abstinence.
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Bibler, N. E. Radiolytic hydrogen production from process vessels in HB line - production rates compared to evolution rates and discussion of LASL reviews. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10161124.
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Bolton, Laura. Lessons for FCDO Climate Change Programming in East Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.085.
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This rapid review synthesises evidence on FCDO climate projects across the East African region in the following countries; Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania. This review established that sector stakeholders in countries like Rwanda lacked climate impact information. This highlights the need of providing the right information in the right form to meet the end users need. The above case studies have shown the need for consistent and harmonised future climate projections that are country specific. According to a study undertaken in Tanzania and Malawi, understanding the likely future characteristics of climate risk is a key component of adaptation and climate-resilient planning, but given future uncertainty it is important to design approaches that are strongly informed by local considerations and robust to uncertainty. According to the findings from the research, policy incoherence, over-reliance on donor funding, change in leadership roles is a barrier to adaptation. There is also an urgent need for mechanisms for sharing experience and learning from methodologies, technologies, and challenges. Further, Stakeholder dialogue and iterative climate service processes need to be facilitated. This review also explores approaches to communicating climatic uncertainties with decision-makers. Particularly, presentation of data using slide-sets, and stories about possible futures.
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Sinton, R. A. Development of an In-Line Minority-Carrier Lifetime Monitoring Tool for Process Control during Fabrication of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells: Annual Subcontract Report, June 2003 (Revised). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15007016.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Thompson, Marshall, and Ramez Hajj. Flexible Pavement Recycling Techniques: A Summary of Activities. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-022.
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Cold in-place recycling (CIR) involves the recycling of the asphalt portions (including hot-mix asphalt and chip, slurry, and cape seals, as well as others) of a flexible or composite pavement with asphalt emulsion or foamed asphalt as the binding agent. Full-depth reclamation (FDR) includes the recycling of the entire depth of the pavement and, in some cases, a portion of the subgrade with asphalt, cement, or lime products as binding agents. Both processes are extensively utilized in Illinois. This project reviewed CIR and FDR projects identified by the Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) from the Transportation Bulletin and provided comments on pavement designs and special provisions. The researchers evaluated the performance of existing CIR/FDR projects through pavement condition surveys and analysis of falling weight deflectometer data collected by IDOT. They also reviewed CIR/FDR literature and updated/modified (as appropriate) previously provided inputs concerning mix design, testing procedures, thickness design, construction, and performance as well as cold central plant recycling (CCPR) literature related to design and construction. The team monitored the performance of test sections at the National Center for Asphalt Technology and Virginia Department of Transportation. The researchers assisted IDOT in the development of a CCPR special provision as well as responded to IDOT inquiries and questions concerning issues related to CIR, FDR, and CCPR. They attended meetings of IDOT’s FDR with the Cement Working Group and provided input in the development of a special provision for FDR with cement. The project’s activities confirmed that CIR, FDR, and CCPR techniques are successfully utilized in Illinois. Recommendations for improving the above-discussed techniques are provided.