Relevant bibliographies by topics / Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)

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Academic literature on the topic 'Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)"

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Gadioli, Monica Castoldi Borlini, Nuria Fernández Castro, Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro Wandermurem, and Ualisson Donardelli Bellon. "Life Cycle Inventory of Brazilian Natural Stones." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.109.

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Brazil is one of the main producers and exporters of natural stones in the world. Aiming to contribute to environmental improvements, the life cycle inventory of Brazilian natural stones – LCI Stones was elaborated. This paper presents the results obtained along the LCI Stones project. The project was carried out according to the Brazilian methodology for the elaboration of inventories and to the 14040 and 14044 ISO standards. The study consists of two product systems: quarrying and processing (which is divided in two other subsystems: sawing and polishing), being the last one the main system of this study. The product considered is the polished slab. The data were collected within producing companies, comprising a representative time period for the inventory validation. All inputs and outputs of mass, water and energy as well as products and emissions, within the boundaries, were identified and quantified. The main difficulty found in the data collection was the lack of data control by the companies, mainly the water and energy consumption and polishing inputs. The results of the study showed that, among the stone production processes, gang saw cutting was the one with the most relevant impacts. On account of the rapid technological improvements during the last years, the LCI-Stones is being updated by CETEM.
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Postlethwaite, Dennis. "Open Forum on Surfactants Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2, no. 2 (September 1995): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02986740.

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Bianco, Isabella, and Gian Andrea Blengini. "Production Chains of Soft-Weak Stones: Life Cycle Inventory of Techniques and Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.137.

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The dimension stone sector is more and more active in developing new solutions to improve the sustainability of its supply chain, partly as a consequence of the current EU policies on Circular Economy and Raw Materials. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a recognized scientific tool for evaluating environmental impacts of the processes. Nevertheless, in the stone sector, LCA is hindered by the scarce availability of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the specific processes of the stone supply chain. This paper provides LCI datasets of the most common and widespread techniques and related technologies for quarrying, cutting and finishing soft-weak stones. To this aim primary data were collected in Italian marble quarries and processing plants and in companies producing cutting tools. When necessary, industry data were complemented with secondary data from literature. High replicability and flexibility of the datasets is obtained through the provision of Unit process inventories for each technology/technique and through the set of parameters. In addition, the uncertainty of the resulting LCI datasets has been evaluated with the well-established procedure of Ecoinvent pedigree matrix. The availability of these datasets contributes to the population of Life Cycle databases and is expected to boost the measurement and enhancement of the key aspects of sustainability in the stone sector.
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Brandtner, Michal. "NEGRAFICKÁ DATA A JEJICH STRUKTURA PRO VYUŽITÍ LCA V BIM." Czech Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 01 (July 31, 2021): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.51704/cjce.2021.vol7.iss01.pp16-26.

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The article deals with the data structure for the purpose of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of buildings using the Building Information Model (BIM). LCA is a method that can be used to demonstrate the suitability of proposed materials, structures, or buildings in terms of their whole life cycle and its environmental impact. For the LCA evaluation it is crucial to obtain life cycle inventory (LCI) input data. The aim of the article is to define a BIM data structure for LCI purposes. The new methodology is based on standardization of non-graphic information model data structure called SNIM. Advantages of the proposed methodology have been demonstrated on the case study. These results are useful for expanding the BIM model with new data necessary for further LCA calculations.
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Zhu, Lingyun, and Ming Chen. "Research on Spent LiFePO4 Electric Vehicle Battery Disposal and Its Life Cycle Inventory Collection in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 8828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238828.

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The main research direction for the disposal of spent lithium-ion batteries is focused on the recovery of precious metals. However, few studies exist on the recycling of LiFePO4 electric vehicle (EV) batteries because of their low recycling value. In addition, a detailed life cycle inventory (LCI) of waste plays a significant role in its life cycle assessment (LCA) for an environmental perspective. In this study, an end-of-life (EOL) LiFePO4 EV battery is disposed to achieve the LCI result. The approach comprises manual dismantling of the battery pack/module and crushing and pyrolysis of cells. The authors classify the dismantling results and use different disposal methods, such as recycling or incineration. Regarding the environmental emissions during pyrolysis, the authors record and evaluate the results according to the experimental data, the bill of materials (BOM), the mass conservation, and the chemical reaction equations. In addition, the electricity power demand is related to the electricity mix in China, and the waste gases and solid residue are treated by using neutralization and landfill, respectively. Finally, the authors integrate the LCI data with analysis data and a background database (Ecoinvent). After the integration of the total emission and consumption data, the authors obtained the total detailed LCI resulting from the disposal of the LiFePO4 vehicle battery. This LCI mainly includes the consumption of energy and materials, and emissions to air, water, and soil, which can provide the basis for the future LCA of LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries. Furthermore, the potential of industrial scale process research on the disposal of spent LiFePO4 batteries is discussed.
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Meng, Xian Ce, Chen Li, Zhi Hong Wang, Xian Zheng Gong, Yu Liu, and Bo Xue Sun. "A Life Cycle Inventory Case Study for Marble Mining in China." Materials Science Forum 787 (April 2014): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.787.171.

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The goal of this paper is to conduct a life cycle inventory (LCI) case study for marble mining in China. The scope focuses on the whole life of marble mining. The functional unit is “per cubic meter of marble block”. The LCI data, including the input of energy and natural resources and the output of pollutant emissions, were collected on-site. The LCI results show that if the waste quarries could be recovered after the exploration, the environmental damages from the marble decorative materials would be much less. The environmental impacts of fresh water consumptions are also discussed. Some suggestions and recommendations on how to improve the environmental performance, at the same time the marble materials can be produced to support the increasing sales, are made. In the future, the land use and the mine recovery should be discussed.
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Zhang, Yu Rong, Ming Hui Liu, and Yuan Feng Wang. "Comparative Analysis of Existing Life Cycle Inventories of Cement in China." Advanced Materials Research 1051 (October 2014): 721–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1051.721.

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Life cycle inventory (LCI) involves creating an inventory of flows from and to nature for a product system, which is a prerequisite of life cycle assessment (LCA). This paper conducts a comparative analysis of available inventories of cement produced in China and points out the reliability of these inventory results. 1 ton cement was chosen to be the functional unit, and the system boundary was defined from cradle to gate. In the process of cement production, many pollutants will be emitted, so only the four main emissions (CO2, NOX, SO2 and dust) are considered. The analysis showed that the reliability of cement inventories is affected by inaccurate or non-representative data, and all results are difficult to compare due to the varying system boundaries.
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Olea, R., J. H. Guy, H. Edge, and S. A. Edwards. "The pigmeat supply chain: pre-assessment for a Life Cycle Inventory." Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 2009 (April 2009): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752756200029653.

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Formulating the inventory of relevant commodities to assess the life cycle of goods or services (LCI) is highly demanding on time and resources (Suh et al., 2004). Collected information is not always satisfactory to take account of all possible sources of environmental burdens (E-burdens) produced in the commodity supply chain. Several pre-assessment methods have been proposed to serve this function, although these have identified limitations; lack of previous experience and use of subjective cut off criteria are the most frequent weaknesses found (Suh, 2006). An objective pre-assessment method was developed as part of a life cycle analysis (LCA) for different pigmeat supply chain (PSC) scenarios.
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Zhai, Qiang, Linsen Zhu, and Shizhou Lu. "Life Cycle Assessment of a Buoy-Rope-Drum Wave Energy Converter." Energies 11, no. 9 (September 13, 2018): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092432.

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This study presents a life cycle assessment (LCA) study for a buoy-rope-drum (BRD) wave energy converter (WEC), so as to understand the environmental performance of the BRD WEC by eco-labeling its life cycle stages and processes. The BRD WEC was developed by a research group at Shandong University (Weihai). The WEC consists of three main functional modules including buoy, generator and mooring modules. The designed rated power capacity is 10 kW. The LCA modeling is based on data collected from actual design, prototype manufacturing, installation and onsite sea test. Life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis and life cycle impact analysis (LCIA) were conducted. The analyses show that the most significant environmental impact contributor is identified to be the manufacturing stage of the BRD WEC due to consumption of energy and materials. Potential improvement approaches are proposed in the discussion. The LCI and LCIA assessment results are then benchmarked with results from reported LCA studies of other WECs, tidal energy converters, as well as offshore wind and solar PV systems. This study presents the energy and carbon intensities and paybacks with 387 kJ/kWh, 89 gCO2/kWh, 26 months and 23 months respectively. The results show that the energy and carbon intensities of the BRD WEC are slightly larger than, however comparable, in comparison with the referenced WECs, tidal, offshore wind and solar PV systems. A sensitivity analysis was carried out by varying the capacity factor from 20–50%. The energy and carbon intensities could reach as much as 968 kJ/kWh and 222 gCO2/kWh respectively while the capacity factor decreasing to 20%. Limitations for this study and scope of future work are discussed in the conclusion.
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Yu, Xi, Haiqing Zhang, Hongping Shu, Weidong Zhao, Tao Yan, Yonghong Liu, and Xie Wang. "A Robust Eco-Design Approach Based on New Sensitivity Coefficients by Considering the Uncertainty of LCI." Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Systems 16, no. 03 (August 2017): 185–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219686717500123.

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It is urgent to introduce life cycle assessment (LCA) into eco-design in order to conduct eco-design in the quantitative and systematic era. In the design phase, various uncertainties in product life cycle inventory (LCI) are emerged. In practice, the real value of LCI calculated in the product end-of-life phase may be much different from the target LCI value predicted in the design phase. The aim of this research is to propose a robust design method to overcome the uncertainty issue. Regarding the scope of LCI analysis, this paper focused on the product manufacturing phase and its end-of-life phase. In this paper, the design problem of robust eco-design is modeled in a mathematical way, the novel sensitivity coefficient of LCI with uncertainty is proposed to solve the robust eco-design problem from mathematical perspective, and a guideline-based approach for robust design is proposed based on the new sensitivity coefficients. A case study is provided to illustrate the application of this research and validate our methods.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)"

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Roberts, Michael John, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "A Modified Life Cycle Inventory of Aluminium Die Casting." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040825.110759.

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Aluminium die casting is a process used to transform molten aluminium material into automotive gearbox housings, wheels and electronic components, among many other uses. It is used because it is a very efficient method of achieving near net shape with the required mechanical properties. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a technique used to determine the environmental impacts of a product or process. The Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) is the initial phase of an LCA and describes which emissions will occur and which raw materials are used during the life of a product or during a process. This study has improved the LCI technique by adding in manufacturing and other costs to the ISO standardised methods. Although this is not new, the novel application and allocation methods have been developed independently. The improved technique has then been applied to Aluminium High Pressure Die Casting. In applying the improved LCI to this process, the cost in monetary terms and environmental emissions have been determined for a particular component manufactured by this process. A model has been developed in association with an industry partner so this technique can be repeatedly applied and used in the prediction of costs and emissions. This has been tested with two different products. Following this, specialised LCA software modelling of the aluminium high pressure die casting process was conducted. The variations in the process have shown that each particular component will have different costs and emissions and it is not possible to generalise the process by modelling only one component. This study has concentrated on one process within die casting but the techniques developed can be used across any variations in the die casting process.
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Spivak, Alexander. "A Theoretical Model for Life Cycle Inventory Analysis using a Disaggregated Hybrid Methodology." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1310035001.

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Dolfato, Edoardo. "Life Cycle Assessment of railway infrastructure: definition of the methodology, elaboration of environmental data and development of life cycle inventory datasets." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Sustainability is now a key concept in the infrastructure sector, and an increasing number of projects are being developed with this view. For this reason, sustainability in the construction must be pursued by analyzing the multiple impacts on economic, social and environmental levels during all processes of the life cycle of the infrastructure. It is necessary, therefore, that the decision-making process at the basis of the project design is informed by data on impacts determined by the choices that are made. This thesis work promotes the use of life cycle assessment data in the design phase of railways infrastructures, being part of the BIM for Rail-LCA project with the aim of defining a methodological framework for the assessment of the environmental footprint of railway infrastructures and developing specific inventories and datasets. The methodological framework identified is compliance with the ISO 14040-44 and to the EN 15804. Furthermore, the PCR Railways 2013, the PEF methodology and the PEFCR Guidance are identified as additional references to further specify some methodological aspects. The development of the inventories was carried out in accordance with the defined framework. For the development of the datasets, the ILCD format is used, considering the ILCD Entry level requirements as a reference for data quality. The development of the inventories and datasets was made possible by means of a data collection carried out with an analysis of the scientific literature and with a series of meetings held with the designers of the Italferr company. Using this information and data, it was possible to develop 8 different inventories and related LCIA, and 3 specific datasets for the trench, embankment and track structures. The data collection activities allowed a good level of information to be revealed and, also, several gaps were identified, which deserve further activities in terms of data and information collection and development.
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Guidosh, Jacob Andrew. "The use of Life Cycle Assessment through an Objective Framework Constructed by Simulation." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1252941644.

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Sundin, Mårten. "Från vaggan till grinden, en livscykelinventering på ett par bomullsbyxor." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1633.

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Our common future involves many important challenges. People and nature need to improve the relationship in order to reach an ecologically sustainable development. In a society where consumption of products steadily increases, the consumer awareness about social and environmental issues connected to the products becomes an importent factor. More and more companies choose to work more actively with these issues and more and more products get labelled by some of the eco labelling organisations. From the cradle to the gate means that a study has been done on a part of a products life cycle. In this master thesis a pair of cotton trousers has been followed from the cotton field and through the manufacturing chain in order to sees how much resource that are connected to the cultivation and to the production. Methological approach has been Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) according to ISO 14040. The empirical material is collected in South India, in an area known for its intense cotton manufacturing.

Studies like this can be a good way of showing the environmental impacts of a certain product. LCI can for example work as a criterion for eco labelling, but the methodology could also support the overall environmental work in companies.

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Facibeni, Gabriele. "Emissioni da uso dei pesticidi negli studi di Life Cycle Assessment: calcolo dell’inventario." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.

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Questo lavoro di tesi si inserisce nell'ambito del progetto LIFE+ AGRICARE, il cui obiettivo è quello di dimostrare come l’applicazione di avanzate tecniche di agricoltura di precisione, abbinate a diversi tipi di coltivazione conservativa, possa avere un effetto importante in termini di riduzione di gas climalteranti e di protezione del suolo. In particolare la tesi aveva come obiettivo quello di studiare come il software PestLCI risponde quando varia la lavorazione del terreno, informazione che è inserita fra le variabili di input. Il software PestLCI calcola il frazionamento fra i diversi comparti ambientali (aria, suolo, acque sotterranee) di un pesticida sparso su un campo coltivato. Per tale motivo PestLCI può essere definito un software di supporto al calcolo dell’inventario nell’applicazione della metodologia Life Cycle Assessment. I risultati di questo studio hanno evidenziato come PestLCI vari le frazioni di pesticida emesse nei diversi comparti ambientali in base alla lavorazione del terreno. In particolare, considerando gli scenari in cui viene applicata la Terbutilazina, è stato possibile mostrare come le frazioni emesse nelle acque sotterranee siano strettamente collegate alla lavorazione del campo. Infatti queste emissioni aumentano se diminuisce la lavorazione del campo; ciò è causato principalmente dall’incremento dei macropori presenti nel suolo dato dalla minor lavorazione del terreno, i quali permettono un collegamento diretto verso le acque sotterranee e quindi facilitano le emissioni in questo comparto ambientale.
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Nord, Iza. "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Through the Use of Free Shops : A Case Study of Two Free Shops in Gothenburg." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-33920.

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Products, throughout their life cycle from production to waste management, create emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). This leads to environmental impacts on the climate (Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, 2016). The consumed products from households are increasing (World Wildlife Fund, 2008) and so is the waste generated from them (Avfall Sverige, n.d.). A more sustainable development generating from circular economy should be focused on to increases the reuse of products and by so reduce the amount of waste generated (Göteborgs Stad, n.d.a.) This study have examined if the use of Free Shops can help the city of Gothenburg to reach higher up the waste management hierarchy towards reuse and prevention, and if carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2e) can be avoided by using Free Shops.    Two Free Shops with the purpose to increase reuse in Gothenburg have been studied and their effect on GHG emissions, presented as CO2e, have been analysed. A Life Cycle Inventory Study (LCI) has been conducted on all, but two, different materials entering the Free Shops for four weeks, including the production, waste management, transportation and storage. The result of the study shows that a mean of 10 ton CO2e per Free Shop per year can be avoided when reusing at a Free Shop instead of buying new products. This equals leaving a low energy lamp on for approximately 590 years (World Wildlife Fund, 2009) based on a low energy lamp using 0,007 kWh (Eon, 2007). To examine if the Free Shops can reduce the amount of waste disposed of by households in Gothenburg the material entering the Free Shops was weight and analysed to estimate how it corresponded to the amount of waste disposed of. The result shows that the material entering a Free Shop only corresponds to 0.0025 percent of the household waste disposed of in the city. This indicates that Free Shops by themselves will not solve the problem with increasing amounts of waste and emissions from increasing production. However, they can help in a small scale.

20180625

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Åker, Zeander Jonas. "Från Bomull till Byxor Livscykel Inventering och Ansvarsfullt Företagande En MFS i Södra Indien." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Thematic Studies, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1634.

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A growing number of companies realise that to achieve their environmental goals and satisfy stakeholder expectations, they need to look beyond their own facilities and to involve their suppliers in environmental initiatives. A life cycle approach means that the production system should be optimised as whole, across national boarders and individual organisations taking part all the way from extraction to disposal. This study is a Life Cycle Inventory of resources used when producing a piece of cotton garment and the method is based on the standardisation series of ISO 14040-43. The area of study, Tamil Nadu the most southern state of India, accounts for more than 90% of India’s knitwear exports to Western Europe. The main conclusion is that the Life Cycle Inventory could bean appropriate method to be used within the textile industry but the main advantage may not be in solving problems but instead framing them in a distinctive way and making people aware of them. An approach that combines life cycle and sustainability concepts could be a way towards enhanced corporate responsibility.

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Shimako, Allan. "Contribution to the development of a dynamic Life Cycle Assessment method." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAT0014/document.

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L'analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) est une méthode très utilisée pour l'évaluation environnementale d'un système anthropique. Les spécialistes ont souligné l'absence de dimension temporelle comme une limitation. Les procédés de la technosphère sont dynamiques, ce qui conduirait à un inventaire de cycle de vie (ICV) dépendant du temps. Les mécanismes environnementaux impliqués dans la génération des impacts ont des caractéristiques dynamiques variées déterminant une manifestation temporelle spécifiques des impacts. Cependant, l’impact du cycle de vie (EICV) actuelles considère des modèles en conditions stationnaires et des horizons de temps arbitrairement fixés. L'objectif de cette thèse est de contribuer au développement d'une méthodologie opérationnelle et des outils adaptés pour la prise en compte du temps dans l'ACV, en accordant une importance au développement d'une approche de modélisation intégrée pour l’ICV et l’EICV. La première contribution de cette thèse concerne le développement d'une base de données temporelle, en s'appuyant sur la base de données ecoinvent, dans laquelle les paramètres temporels ont été attribués aux sets de données. Des indicateurs dynamiques pour le changement climatique et la toxicité ont été développés en adaptant les modèles disponibles et ils ont été mis en place dans un outil de calcul propre. L'approche de modélisation tient compte de la nature fluctuante des émissions des substances en fonction du temps calculées par le modèle d’ICV temporel DyPLCA
Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a widely used method for the environmental evaluation of an anthropogenic system. However, LCA scholars pointed out the lack of a temporal dimension as a limitation. The processes of technosphere are dynamic which leads to a time dependent life cycle inventory (LCI). Environmental mechanisms involved in impact developments have distinct dynamic behaviors determining specific temporal occurrence. However, the current life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) methods consider arbitrarily fixed time horizons and/or steady state conditions. The objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of an operational methodology and adapted tools for the consideration of time dependency in LCA, with emphasis on the development of an integrated modelling solution for both the life cycle inventory and the life cycle impact assessment phases. The first contribution of this thesis concerns the development of a temporal data base, leaning against ecoinvent data base, in which temporal parameters have been attributed to the data sets. Dynamic climate change and toxicity impacts were developed by adapting available models and were implemented in a homemade computational tool. The modelling approach takes into account the noisy nature of substance emissions in function of time as calculated by DyPLCA temporal LCI model
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Vinhal, Laís David. "Estudo de indicadores ambientais de blocos cerâmicos com base em avaliação do ciclo de vida, considerando o contexto brasileiro." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8703.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The construction sector is one of the sectors that most require natural resources and generate waste throughout the production chain. In this sense, given the need to preserve the environment and natural resources for future generations, the industry needs to improve the environmental performance of its operations chain. In order to achieve effective improvements by the actions developed by the sector, these actions need to be based on information about the environmental performance that are objective and verifiable. One of the methods that allow the collection of environmental information is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is one of the main tools of environmental impact assessment for the lifecycle of products and systems. The LCA allows to evaluate the impacts of raw material extraction, manufacturing process, use and disposalt. In this context, a study of the manufacturing process of structural ceramic blocks (cradle to factory gate) was conducted, aiming to analyze its main impacts and processes that contribute most to these environmental impacts. To conduct this study data collection was performed in two plants located in the State of São Paulo. Based on data collected locally and on the international database Ecoinvent®, the life cycle inventory (LCI) was drawn up with the necessary adaptations to represent the local context. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) was carried out using the following methods: CML 2002, Edip 97, USEtox and IPCC 2013. Based on the LCIA results, it was possible to identify the processes that contributed to each of the impacy categories analyzed, with the electricity being the process that most contributed to all categories. But the fuel used in the burning of the blocks, in turn, did not generate significant environmental impacts due to factories studied using biomass. Therefore, this study allowed to evaluate the magnitude and importance of the environmental impacts generated by the manufacture of ceramic bricks and also to characterize the environmental performance of ceramic bricks based on LCA.
A construção civil é um dos setores que mais consome recursos naturais e gera resíduos na sua cadeia de produção. Neste sentido, diante da necessidade de preservar o meio ambiente e os recursos naturais para as futuras gerações, é fundamental que o setor melhore o desempenho ambiental de suas operações. Para que as ações desenvolvidas pelo setor resultem em melhorias efetivas, é necessário que elas sejam subsidiadas por informações sobre o desempenho ambiental, que sejam objetivas e verificáveis. Um dos métodos que permite a compilação de informações ambientais é a Avaliação de Ciclo de Vida (ACV), que se apresenta como um dos principais instrumentos de avaliação dos impactos ambientais gerados durante o ciclo de vida de produtos e sistemas. A ACV permite avaliar os impactos desde a extração de recursos naturais, processamento de matéria-prima, manufatura até o uso e descarte dos mesmos. Neste contexto, foi realizado um estudo do processo de fabricação de blocos cerâmicos estruturais (do berço ao portão da fábrica) com o intuito de averiguar seus principais impactos ambientais e os processos que mais contribuem para estes impactos. Para realizar este estudo, foi feita a coleta de dados em duas fábricas localizadas no Estado de São Paulo. Com base nos dados coletados in-loco e na base de dados internacional Ecoinvent®, o inventário do ciclo de vida (ICV) foi elaborado com as devidas adaptações para que representasse o contexto local. A partir do ICV, foi realizada a avaliação dos impactos do ciclo de vida (AICV) por meio dos métodos CML 2002, EDIP 97, USEtox e IPCC 2013. Com base nos resultados da AICV, foram identificados os processos que mais contribuíram para cada uma das categorias de impacto analisadas, sendo a eletricidade o processo que colaborou de forma mais significativa para todas as categorias. Já o combustível utilizado na queima dos blocos, por sua vez, não gerou impactos ambientais significativos, devido às fábricas estudadas utilizarem biomassa. Portanto, o presente estudo permitiu avaliar a magnitude e significância dos impactos ambientais gerados pela fabricação de blocos cerâmicos, bem como caracterizar o desempenho ambiental de blocos cerâmicos com base em ACV.
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Books on the topic "Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)"

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Ciroth, Andreas, and Rickard Arvidsson, eds. Life Cycle Inventory Analysis. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1.

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McCurry, Larry. Managing inventory through the product life cycle. [s.l: The Author], 1993.

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Inc, Roy F. Weston. Life cycle inventory report for the North American aluminum industry. Washington, D.C: Aluminum Association, 1998.

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Institute, Athena Sustainable Materials, and National Renewable Energy Laboratory (U.S.), eds. U.S. LCI database project: Quarterly progress reports, 2003. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2004.

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(Society), SETAC. Code of Life-Cycle Inventory Practice. Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemist, 2003.

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Beaufort-Langeveld, Angeline S. H. de 1947- and SETAC (Society), eds. Code of life-cycle inventory practice. Pensacola, Fla: Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2003.

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Curran, Mary Ann, and Battelle Memorial Battelle Memorial Institute. Life-Cycle Assessment: Inventory Guidelines and Principles. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Curran, Mary Ann, and Battelle Memorial Battelle Memorial Institute. Life-Cycle Assessment: Inventory Guidelines and Principles. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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In, Battelle Memorial, and Mary Ann Curran. Life-Cycle Assessment: Inventory Guidelines and Principles. CRC, 1994.

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W, Vigon B., ed. Life-cycle assessment, inventory guidelines and principles. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)"

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Zimmermann, Peter, Rolf Frischknecht, and Martin Ménard. "Background Inventory Data." In Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) — Quo vadis?, 39–49. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9022-9_4.

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Arvidsson, Rickard, and Andreas Ciroth. "Introduction to “Life Cycle Inventory Analysis”." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_1.

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Ciroth, Andreas, and Salwa Burhan. "Life Cycle Inventory Data and Databases." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 123–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_6.

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Arvidsson, Rickard. "Inventory Indicators in Life Cycle Assessment." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 171–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_8.

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Srocka, Michael, and Flavio Montiel. "Algorithms of Life Cycle Inventory Analysis." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 149–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_7.

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Rodrigues, Thiago Oliveira, Fernanda Belizario-Silva, Tiago Emmanuel Nunes Braga, and Marília Ieda da Silveira Folegatti Matsuura. "LCA—Life Cycle Inventory Analysis and Database." In Life Cycle Engineering and Management of Products, 71–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78044-9_4.

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Hildenbrand, Jutta, and Rickard Arvidsson. "The Link Between Life Cycle Inventory Analysis and Life Cycle Impact Assessment." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 191–204. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_9.

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Guinée, Jeroen, Reinout Heijungs, and Rolf Frischknecht. "Multifunctionality in Life Cycle Inventory Analysis: Approaches and Solutions." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 73–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_4.

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Wu, You, and Daizhong Su. "Review of Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Methods and Inventory Databases." In Sustainable Product Development, 39–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39149-2_3.

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Ciroth, Andreas, Francesca Recanati, and Rickard Arvidsson. "Principles of Life Cycle Inventory Modeling: The Basic Model, Extensions, and Conventions." In LCA Compendium – The Complete World of Life Cycle Assessment, 15–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62270-1_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)"

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Campanelli, Mark, Jonatan Berglund, and Sudarsan Rachuri. "Integration of Life Cycle Inventories Incorporating Manufacturing Unit Processes." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48500.

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Sustainable manufacturing (SM) concerns the manufacture of products with regard to environmental, social, and economic impacts over the entire life cycle. With a primary focus on environmental concerns, life cycle assessment (LCA) can support SM practices. The life cycle inventory (LCI) is a key phase of LCA, and this paper considers the integration of manufacturing unit processes (MUPs) into system-level LCIs, which requires consideration of process flow diagrams at different levels of abstraction. Furthermore, uncertainty quantification is an important component of LCA interpretation, and this paper proposes a method to synthesize LCIs from the process-level to the system-level that consistently quantifies uncertainty in the inventories. The method can incorporate MUP data derived from measurements and/or modeling and simulation. Further development towards a complete methodology is discussed.
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Raibeck, Laura, John Reap, and Bert Bras. "Life Cycle Inventory Study of Biologically Inspired Self-Cleaning Surfaces." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49848.

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In this paper, self-cleaning surfaces are investigated as an environmentally benign design option. These surfaces are a biologically inspired concept; first discovered on the lotus plant, micro- and nano-scale surface features aid in contaminant removal. Self-cleaning surfaces have been successfully recreated for engineering applications and appear on a variety of products. Because they can be cleaned with water alone, the use of such a surface could lead to less resource consumption during cleaning, if used in place of more resource intensive current industrial cleaning methods. A screening Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) study is used to determine if environmental benefits are obvious from the use of a self-cleaning surface over the entire life cycle. The study is performed on a chemical self-cleaning coating, selected for its durability, transparency and ease of use. The results of the LCI study are compared to current industrial cleaning practices of aqueous spray or ultrasonic cleaning, including solvent production and use of the cleaning machines. The LCI study reveals that environmental benefits are present in the use (cleaning) phase of a self-cleaning surface. However, when also considering the production of the self-cleaning surface, no clear environmentally superior choice exists. More analysis and evaluation of the production of self-cleaning surfaces is needed to select the more sustainable choice.
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Pradhan, Anup, and Charles Mbohwa. "Development of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) for Sugarcane Ethanol Production in South Africa." In 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2017.8477418.

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Tao, Jing, Zhaorui Chen, Suiran Yu, and Qingjin Peng. "Study on UGNX-LCA Integration for Sustainable Product Development." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-60463.

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It is beneficial to conduct LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) during early stages of product development, as the earlier the environmental problems associated with the product life cycle are discovered, the less costly and more effective the preventing measures are. However, due to the lack of data communication tools between CAD and LCA systems, life cycle data collection during design stage is difficult. This paper presents a feature-based method of UGNX-LCA integration for sustainable product development. A feature-based multi-view life cycle model for integrating product-process-LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) data is developed based on mapping mechanism between engineering domains of product design, process planning and LCA. Data migration from UGNX models to LCA, including UG modeling feature identification, UG-LC(Life Cycle) feature transformation and LC feature model output are realized by embedded integrator. A case study of data migration from UGNX to LCA is presented to demonstrate the proposed approach.
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Poritosh Roy, Daisuke Nei, Hiroshi Okadome, Nobutaka Nakamura, and Takeo Shiina. "Effects of cultivation, transportation and distribution methods on the life cycle inventory (LCI) of fresh tomato." In ASABE/CSBE North Central Intersectional Meeting. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.22363.

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Sawyer-Beaulieu, Susan S., and Edwin K. L. Tam. "Constructing a Gate-to-gate Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of End-of-Life Vehicle (ELV) Dismantling and Shredding Processes." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-1283.

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Fricke, Kilian, Sascha Gierlings, Philipp Ganser, Martin Seimann, and Thomas Bergs. "A Cradle to Gate Approach for Life-Cycle-Assessment of Blisk Manufacturing." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59479.

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Abstract The aviation industry has been growing continuously over the past decades. Despite the current Covid-19 crisis, this trend is likely to resume in the near future. On an international level, initiatives like the Green Recovery Plan promoted by the European Union set the basis towards a more environmentally friendly future approach for the aero-industry. The increasing air traffic and the focus on a more sustainable industry as a whole lead to an extensive need for a more balanced assessment of a products life cycle especially on an ecological level. Blisks (or IBRs) remain a central component of every current and very possible every future aero engine configuration. Their advantages during operation compared to conventional compressor rotors are met with a considerably complex manufacturing and production process. In the high-pressure compressor segment of an engine, the material selection is limited to Titanium alloys such as Ti6Al4V and heat-resistant Nickel-alloys such as Inconel718. The corresponding process chains consist of numerous different process steps starting with the initial raw material extraction and ending with the quality assurance (cradle to gate). Especially the central milling process requires a highly qualified process design to ensure a part of sufficient quality. Life-Cycle-Assessments enable an investigation of a products overall environmental impact and ecological footprint throughout its distinct life-cycle. Formal LCAs are generally divided by international standards into four separate steps of analysis: the goal and scope definition, the acquisition of Life Cycle-Inventory, the Life-Cycle-Impact-Assessment and the interpretation. This content of this paper focuses on a general approach for Life-Cycle-Assessment for Blisk manufacturing. • Firstly, the goal and scope is set by presenting three separate process chain scenarios for Blisk manufacturing, which mainly differ in terms of raw material selection and individual process selections for blade manufacturing. • Secondly, the LCI data (Life-Cycle Inventory) acquisition is illustrated by defining all significant in- and outputs of each individual process step. • Thirdly, the approach of a Life-Cycle-Impact-Assessment is presented by introducing the modelling approach in an LCA-software environment. • Fourthly, an outlook and discussion on relevant impact-indicators for a subsequent interpretation of future results are conducted.
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Buis, Jennifer J., John W. Sutherland, and Fu Zhao. "Unit Process Life Cycle Inventory Models of Hot Forming Processes." In ASME 2013 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the 41st North American Manufacturing Research Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2013-1054.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a widely used tool to evaluate the environmental profile of a product or process, and can serve as a starting point for product and process improvement. Using LCA to support sustainable product design and sustainable manufacturing has recently attracted increasing interest. Unfortunately, the available life cycle inventory databases have very limited coverage of manufacturing processes. To make matters worse, the available datasets are either highly aggregated or consider only selected processes and process conditions. In addition, in the case of the latter, the data provided may be based on limited measurements or even just estimates. This raises questions on applicability of these databases to manufacturing process improvement where different operating parameters and conditions are adopted. Recently a novel methodology called “unit process life cycle inventory” or “uplci” has been proposed to address these issues, and models for several machining processes (e.g., turning, milling, and drilling) and joining (e.g, submerged arc welding) have been developed. This paper follows the uplci approach and develops models for a series of hot forming processes, including billet heating, performing, and indirect extrusion. It is shown that the model predictions on energy consumption are in good agreement with data measured on a production line. For hot forming processes, the results suggest that billet heating dominates the overall energy consumption and the carbon footprint relative to the deformation steps.
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Deru, Michael. "Establishing Standard Source Energy and Emission Factors for Energy Use in Buildings." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36105.

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Energy use in buildings is most commonly analyzed by using the energy measured at the site. Some analysts also calculate the source energy and emissions from the site energy. Source energy use and emission profiles offer better indicators of the environmental impact of buildings and allow other metrics for comparison of performance. However, there are no standard factors for calculating the source energy and emissions from the site energy. The energy and emission factors used are derived from different data using different methods resulting in wide variations, which makes comparisons difficult. In addition, these factors do not include the full life cycle of the fuels and energies, but only the combustion and transmission portions of the life cycle. The recently available U.S. Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Database provides LCI data for energy, transportation, and common materials. The LCI data for fuels include all the energy and emissions associated with the extraction, transportation, and processing of the fuels. This paper describes how the LCI data, along with other emissions data and energy consumption data from the Energy Information Administration, were used to generate source energy and emission factors specifically for energy use in buildings. The factors are provided on national, interconnect, and state levels. This effort was part of the U.S. Department of Energy Performance Metrics Project, which worked to establish standard procedures and performance metrics for energy performance of buildings.
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Heath, Garvin, Craig Turchi, Terese Decker, John Burkhardt, and Chuck Kutscher. "Life Cycle Assessment of Thermal Energy Storage: Two-Tank Indirect and Thermocline." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90402.

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In the United States, concentrating solar power (CSP) is one of the most promising renewable energy (RE) technologies for reduction of electric sector greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and for rapid capacity expansion. It is also one of the most price-competitive RE technologies, thanks in large measure to decades of field experience and consistent improvements in design. One of the key design features that makes CSP more attractive than many other RE technologies, like solar photovoltaics and wind, is the potential for including relatively low-cost and efficient thermal energy storage (TES), which can smooth the daily fluctuation of electricity production and extend its duration into the evening peak hours or longer. Because operational environmental burdens are typically small for RE technologies, life cycle assessment (LCA) is recognized as the most appropriate analytical approach for determining their environmental impacts of these technologies, including CSP. An LCA accounts for impacts from all stages in the development, operation, and decommissioning of a CSP plant, including such upstream stages as the extraction of raw materials used in system components, manufacturing of those components, and construction of the plant. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is undertaking an LCA of modern CSP plants, starting with those of parabolic trough design. Our LCA follows the guidelines described in the international standard series ISO 14040-44 [1]. To support this effort, we are comparing the life-cycle environmental impacts of two TES designs: two-tank, indirect molten salt and indirect thermocline. To put the environmental burden of the TES system in perspective, one recent LCA that considered a two-tank, indirect molten salt TES system on a parabolic trough CSP plant found that the TES component can account for approximately 40% of the plant’s non-operational GHG emissions [2]. As emissions associated with plant construction, operation and decommissioning are generally small for RE technologies, this analysis focuses on estimating the emissions embodied in the production of the materials used in the TES system. A CSP plant that utilizes an indirect, molten salt, TES system transfers heat from the solar field’s heat transfer fluid (HTF) to the binary molten salts of the TES system via several heat exchangers. The “cold tank” receives the heat from the solar field HTF and conveys it to the “hot tank” via another series of heat exchangers. The hot tank stores the thermal energy for power generation later in the day. A thermocline TES system is a potentially attractive alternative because it replaces the hot and cold tanks with a thermal gradient within a single tank that significantly reduces the quantity of materials required for the same amount of thermal storage. An additional advantage is that the thermocline design can replace much of the expensive molten salt with a low-cost quartzite rock or sand filler material. This LCA is based on a detailed cost specification for a 50 MWe CSP plant with six hours of molten salt thermal storage, which utilizes an indirect, two-tank configuration [3]. This cost specification, and subsequent conversations with the author, revealed enough information to estimate weights of materials (reinforcing steel, concrete, etc.) used in all components of the specified two-tank TES system. To estimate embodied GHG emissions per kilogram of each material, two life cycle inventory (LCI) databases were consulted: EcoInvent v2.0 [4], which requires materials mass data as input, and the US Economic Input-Output LCA database [5], which requires cost data as input. IPCC default global warming potentials (GWPs) give the greenhouse potential of each gas relative to that of carbon dioxide [6]. Where certain materials specified in Kelly [3] were not available in the LCI databases, the closest available proxy for those materials was selected based on such factors as peak process temperature, and similar input materials and process technology. The thermocline system was modeled using the two-tank system design as the foundation, from which materials were subtracted or substituted based on the differences and similarities of design [7]. Table 1 summarizes the results of our evaluation. Embodied emissions of GHGs from the materials used in the 6-hour, 50 MWe two-tank system are estimated to be 17,100 MTCO2e. Analogous emissions for the thermocline system are less than half of those for the two-tank: 7890 MTCO2e. The reduction of salt inventory associated with a thermocline design thus reduces both storage cost and life cycle greenhouse gas emissions. While construction-, operation- and decommissioning-related emissions are not included in this assessment, we do not expect any differences between the two system designs to significantly affect the relative results reported here. Sensitivity analysis on choices of proxy materials for the nitrate salts and calcium silicate insulation also do not significantly affect the relative results.
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Reports on the topic "Life Cycle Inventory (LCI)"

1

Littlefield, James, Joe Marriott, and Timothy J. Skone. LCA XII Presentation: Life Cycle GHG Inventory Sensitivity to Changes in Natural Gas System Parameters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526718.

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none,. U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database Roadmap. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219123.

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Deru, M. U.S. Life Cycle Inventory Database Roadmap (Brochure). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/963563.

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Stolz, Philippe, Rolf Frischknecht, Karsten Wambach, Parikhit Sinha, and Garvin A. Heath. Life Cycle Inventory of Current Photovoltaic Module Recycling Processes in Europe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561521.

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Wambach, Karsten, Garvin A. Heath, and Cara Libby. Life Cycle Inventory of Current Photovoltaic Module Recycling Processes in Europe. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561522.

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FTHENAKIS, V. M., H. C. KIM, and W. WANG. LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY ANALYSIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF METALS USED IN PHOTOVOLTAICS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/909957.

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Skone, Timothy J., James Littlefield, and Joe Marriott. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Inventory of Natural Gas Extraction, Delivery and Electricity Production. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1515238.

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Littlefield, James, Joe Marriott, and Timothy J. Skone. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Inventory Sensitivity to Changes in Natural Gas System Parameters. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526719.

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Sheehan, John, Vince Camobreco, James Duffield, Michael Graboski, Michael Graboski, and Housein Shapouri. Life Cycle Inventory of Biodiesel and Petroleum Diesel for Use in an Urban Bus. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1218369.

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Cooney, Greg, James Littlefield, Joe Marriott, Matt Jamieson, Robert E. James III PhD, and Timothy J. Skone. Gate-to-Gate Life Cycle Inventory and Model of CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery (Presentation). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1526697.

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