Relevant bibliographies by topics / Life-cycle emission

Academic literature on the topic 'Life-cycle emission'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Life-cycle emission"

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Huang, Wei, Xin Zhang, and Zhun Qing Hu. "Selection of New Energy Vehicle Fuels and Life Cycle Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1695–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1695.

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Life cycle energy consumption and environment emission assessment model of vehicle new energy fuels is established. And life cycle energy consumption and environmental pollutant emissions of new energy fuels are carried out. Results show that the full life cycle energy consumption of alcohol fuels is highest, and the full life cycle energy consumption of the fuel cell is lowest, and the fuel consumption is mainly concentrated in the use stage, and that is lowest in the raw material stage. And the full life cycle CO2 emission of methanol is highest, and the full life cycle CO2 emission of Hybrid is lowest. The full life cycle VOCHCNOXPM10 and SOX emissions of alcohol fuels is highest, and the fuel cell is lowest.
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Shang, Mei, and Haochen Geng. "A study on carbon emission calculation of residential buildings based on whole life cycle evaluation." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 04013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126104013.

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The whole life cycle carbon emission of buildings was calculated in this paper. Based on the whole life cycle evaluation theory, a carbon emission calculation model was established by using a single urban building as an example. The whole life cycle building of carbon emission calculation includes five stages: planning and design, building materials preparation, construction, operational maintenance, as well as dismantlement. It provides a reference for standardizing the calculation process of building carbon emissions by analyzed the carbon emissions and composition characteristics of each stage of the life cycle of the case house. The calculation results demonstrate that the carbon emission during the operational maintenance and building materials preparation stages in the whole life cycle of the building account for 78.05% and 20.59% respectively. These are the two stages with the greatest emission reduction potential.
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Yim, Stephen, S. Ng, M. Hossain, and James Wong. "Comprehensive Evaluation of Carbon Emissions for the Development of High-Rise Residential Building." Buildings 8, no. 11 (October 23, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings8110147.

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Despite the fact that many novel initiatives have been put forward to reduce the carbon emissions of buildings, there is still a lack of comprehensive investigation in analyzing a buildings’ life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially in high-density cities. In addition, no studies have made attempt to evaluate GHG emissions by considering the whole life cycle of buildings in Hong Kong. Knowledge of localized emission at different stages is critical, as the emission varies greatly in different regions. Without a reliable emission level of buildings, it is difficult to determine which aspects can reduce the life cycle GHG emissions. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the life cycle GHG emissions of buildings by considering “cradle-to-grave” system boundary, with a case-specific high-rise residential housing block as a representative public housing development in Hong Kong. The results demonstrated that the life cycle GHG emission of the case residential building was 4980 kg CO2e/m2. The analysis showed that the majority (over 86%) of the emission resulted from the use phase of the building including renovation. The results and analysis presented in this study can help the relevant parties in designing low carbon and sustainable residential development in the future.
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Meister, Julia A., Jack Sharp, Yan Wang, and Khuong An Nguyen. "Assessing Long-Term Medical Remanufacturing Emissions with Life Cycle Analysis." Processes 11, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010036.

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The unsustainable take-make-dispose linear economy prevalent in healthcare contributes 4.4% to global Greenhouse Gas emissions. A popular but not yet widely-embraced solution is to remanufacture common single-use medical devices like electrophysiology catheters, significantly extending their lifetimes by enabling a circular life cycle. To support the adoption of catheter remanufacturing, we propose a comprehensive emission framework and carry out a holistic evaluation of virgin manufactured and remanufactured carbon emissions with Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). We followed ISO modelling standards and NHS reporting guidelines to ensure industry relevance. We conclude that remanufacturing may lead to a reduction of up to 60% per turn (−1.92 kg CO2eq, burden-free) and 57% per life (−1.87 kg CO2eq, burdened). Our extensive sensitivity analysis and industry-informed buy-back scheme simulation revealed long-term emission reductions of up to 48% per remanufactured catheter life (−1.73 kg CO2eq). Our comprehensive results encourage the adoption of electrophysiology catheter remanufacturing, and highlight the importance of estimating long-term emissions in addition to traditional emission metrics.
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Shoaib-ul-Hasan, Sayyed, Malvina Roci, Farazee M. A. Asif, Niloufar Salehi, and Amir Rashid. "Analyzing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13010344.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used frequently as a decision support tool for evaluating different design choices for products based on their environmental impacts. A life cycle usually comprises several phases of varying timespans. The amount of emissions generated from different life cycle phases of a product could be significantly different from one another. In conventional LCA, the emissions generated from the life cycle phases of a product are aggregated at the inventory analysis stage, which is then used as an input for life cycle impact assessment. However, when the emissions are aggregated, the temporal variability of inventory data is ignored, which may result in inaccurate environmental impact assessment. Besides, the conventional LCA does not consider the environmental impact of circular products with multiple use cycles. It poses difficulties in identifying the hotspots of emission-intensive activities with the potential to mislead conclusions and implications for both practice and policy. To address this issue and to analyze the embedded temporal variations in inventory data in a CE context, the paper proposes calculating the emission intensity for each life cycle phase. It is argued that calculating and comparing emission intensity, based on the timespan and amount of emissions for individual life cycle phases, at the inventory analysis stage of LCA offers a complementary approach to the traditional aggregate emission-based LCA approach. In a circular scenario, it helps to identify significant issues during different life cycle phases and the relevant environmental performance improvement opportunities through product, business model, and supply chain design.
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Lu, Qiang, Peng Fei Wu, Wan Xia Shen, Xue Chao Wang, Bo Zhang, and Cheng Wang. "Life Cycle Assessment of Electric Vehicle Power Battery." Materials Science Forum 847 (March 2016): 403–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.847.403.

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Based on Life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, this paper analyzes the total energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHGs), NOx, SOx and PM emissions during material production and battery production processes of nickel-metal hydride battery (NiMH), lithium iron phosphate battery (LFP), lithium cobalt dioxide battery (LCO) and lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) battery, assuming that the batteries have same energy capacity. The results showed that environmental performance of LFP battery was better than the other three, and that of NiMH battery was the worst. The experimental results also showed the total energy consumption of LFP battery was 2.8 times of NiMH battery and GHGs emission was 3.2 times during material production, and the total energy consumption was 7.6 times of NIMH battery and GHGs emission was 6.6 times during battery production
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Agung Wibowo, Mochamad, Subrata Aditama K. A. Uda, and Zhabrinna. "Reducing carbon emission in construction base on project life cycle (PLC)." MATEC Web of Conferences 195 (2018): 06002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819506002.

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The construction sector accounts for nearly 40% of global energy annually where 1/3 of it will produce emissions of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere [1]. Carbon Emissions (CO2) are a major cause of the greenhouse effect, for example, that which is produced from the combustion process of fossil fuels. Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere will lead to rising temperatures trapped in the atmosphere causing global warming. There is a lot of literature on carbon emission (discussions) using multiple analytical approaches, but some are reviewing the Project Life Cycle (PLC) approach. This paper will discuss carbon emission mitigation during the life cycle of a construction project (Project Life Cycle (PLC)). Reduction of carbon emissions can be done during the initiation, design and construction phase of the Project Life Cycle (PLC). This literature study will produce a strategy that can have a significant impact on reducing the amount of carbon occurring in any construction project activity.
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Nagarkatti, Arun, and Ajit Kumar Kolar. "Assessment of Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Coal Fired Power Plants in India." Applied Mechanics and Materials 704 (December 2014): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.704.487.

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More than two third share of electricity come from coal fired power plants in India. Coal fired power plants are the largest source of anthropogenic CO2 emissions per unit of electricity generation among all fossil fuel based power plants. There has been climate change and global warming globally due to increasing anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) into the atmosphere. This paper examines life cycle GHG emission such as CH4, CO2 and N2O of a National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Limited power plant using life cycle approach. The various stages involved in the assessment of life cycle GHG emissions in the present study include coal mining, transportation of coal to the power plant and coal combustion for electricity generation. The results show that direct CO2 emission from coal combustion is about 890 g CO2-e/kWh, whereas life cycle GHG emissions amount to 929.1 g CO2-e/kWh. Indirect GHG emissions add up to 4.2% of total emissions. Coal mine methane leakage into atmosphere in India is low since more than 90% of the coal mining is surface mining.
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Betten, Thomas, Shivenes Shammugam, and Roberta Graf. "Adjustment of the Life Cycle Inventory in Life Cycle Assessment for the Flexible Integration into Energy Systems Analysis." Energies 13, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 4437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13174437.

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With an increasing share of renewable energy technologies in our energy systems, the integration of not only direct emission (from the use phase), but also the total life cycle emissions (including emissions during resource extraction, production, etc.) becomes more important in order to draw meaningful conclusions from Energy Systems Analysis (ESA). While the benefit of integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) into ESA is acknowledged, methodologically sound integration lacks resonance in practice, partly because the dimension of the implications is not yet fully understood. This study proposes an easy-to-implement procedure for the integration of LCA results in ESA based on existing theoretical approaches. The need for a methodologically sound integration, including the avoidance of double counting of emissions, is demonstrated on the use case of Passivated Emitter and Rear Cell photovoltaic technology. The difference in Global Warming Potential of 19% between direct and LCA based emissions shows the significance for the integration of the total emissions into energy systems analysis and the potential double counting of 75% of the life cycle emissions for the use case supports the need for avoidance of double counting.
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Norris, Gregory A. "Life Cycle Emission Distributions Within the Economy: Implications for Life Cycle Impact Assessment." Risk Analysis 22, no. 5 (October 2002): 919–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1539-6924.00261.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life-cycle emission"

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Dodoo, Ambrose. "Life cycle primary energy use and carbon emission of residential buildings." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-14942.

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In this thesis, the primary energy use and carbon emissions of residential buildings are studied using a system analysis methodology with a life cycle perspective. The analysis includes production, operation, retrofitting and end-of-life phases and encompasses the entire natural resource chain. The analysis  focuses, in particular, on to the choice of building frame material; the energy savings potential of building thermal mass; the choice of energy supply systems and their interactions with different energy-efficiency measures, including ventilation heat recovery systems; and the effectiveness of current energy-efficiency standards to reduce energy use in buildings. The results show that a wood-frame building has a lower primary energy balance than a concrete-frame alternative. This result is primarily due to the lower production primary energy use and greater bioenergy recovery benefits of wood-frame buildings. Hour-by-hour dynamic modeling of building mass configuration shows that the energy savings due to the benefit of thermal mass are minimal within the Nordic climate but varies with climatic location and the energy efficiency of the building. A concrete-frame building has slightly lower space heating demand than a wood-frame alternative, because of the benefit of thermal mass. However, the production and end-of-life advantages of using wood framing materials outweigh the energy saving benefits of thermal mass with concrete framing materials. A system-wide analysis of the implications of different building energy-efficiency standards indicates that improved standards greatly reduce final energy use for heating. Nevertheless, a passive house standard building with electric heating may not perform better than a conventional building with district heating, from a primary energy perspective. Wood-frame passive house buildings with energy-efficient heat supply systems reduce life cycle primary energy use. An important complementary strategy to reduce primary energy use in the building sector is energy efficiency improvement of existing buildings, as the rate of addition of new buildings to the building stock is low. Different energy efficiency retrofit measures for buildings are studied, focusing on the energy demand and supply sides, as well as their interactions. The results show that significantly greater life cycle primary energy reduction is achieved when an electric resistance heated building is retrofitted than when a district heated building is retrofitted. For district heated buildings, the primary energy savings of energy efficiency measures depend on the characteristics of the heat production system and the type of energy efficiency measures. Ventilation heat recovery (VHR) systems provide low primary energy savings where district heating is based largely on combined heat and power (CHP) production. VHR systems can produce substantial final energy reduction, but the primary energy benefit largely depends on the type of heat supply system, the amount of electricity used for VHR and the airtightness of buildings. Wood-framed buildings have substantially lower life cycle carbon emissions than concrete-framed buildings, even if the carbon benefit of post-use concrete management is included. The carbon sequestered by crushed concrete leads to a significant decrease in CO2 emission. However, CO2 emissions from fossil fuels used to crush the concrete significantly reduce the carbon benefits obtained from the increased carbonation due to crushing. Overall, the effect of carbonation of post-use concrete is small. The post-use energy recovery of wood and the recycling of reinforcing steel both provide higher carbon benefits than post-use carbonation. In summary, wood buildings with CHP-based district heating are an effective means of reducing primary energy use and carbon emission in the built environment.
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Belcastro, Elizabeth Lynn. "Life Cycle Analysis of a Ceramic Three-Way Catalytic Converter." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32342.

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The life cycle analysis compares the environmental impacts of catalytic converters and the effects of not using these devices. To environmentally evaluate the catalytic converter, the emissions during extraction, processing, use of the product are considered. All relevant materials and energy supplies are evaluated for the catalytic converter. The goal of this life cycle is to compare the pollutants of a car with and without a catalytic converter. Pollutants examined are carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The main finding is that even considering materials and processing, a catalytic converter decreases the CO, HC and NOx pollutant emissions. The CO2 emissions are increased with a catalytic converter, but this increase is small relative to the overall CO2 emissions. The majority of catalytic converter pollutants are caused by the use phase, not extraction or processing. The life cycle analysis indicates that a catalytic converter decreases damage to human health by almost half, and the ecosystem quality damage is decreased by more than half. There is no damage to resources without a converter, as there are no materials or energy required; the damages with a converter are so small that they are not a significant factor. Overall, catalytic converters can be seen as worthwhile environmental products when considering short term effects like human health effects of smog, which are their design intent. If broader environmental perspectives that include climate change are considered, then the benefits depend on the weighting of these different environmental impacts.
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Näslund, Eriksson Lisa. "Forest-Fuel Systems : Comparative Analyses in a Life Cycle Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-206.

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Forest fuels can be recovered, stored and handled in several ways and these different ways have different implications for CO2 emissions. In this thesis, comparative analyses were made on different forest-fuel systems. The analyses focused on the recovery and transport systems. Costs, primary energy use, CO2 emissions, storage losses and work environment associated with the use of forest fuel for energy were examined by using systems analysis methodology in a life cycle perspective. The bundle system showed less dry-matter losses and lower costs than the chip system. The difference was mainly due to more efficient forwarding, hauling and large-scale chipping. The potential of allergic reactions by workers did not differ significantly between the systems. In difficult terrain types, the loose material and roadside bundling systems become as economical as the clearcut bundle system. The stump and small roundwood systems showed the greatest increase in costs when the availability of forest fuel decreased. Stumps required the greatest increase in primary energy use. Forest fuels are a limited resource. A key factor is the amount of biomass recovered per hectare. Combined recovery of logging residues, stumps and small roundwood from thinnings from the same forest area give a high potential of reduced net CO2 emissions per hectare of forest land. Compensation fertilization becomes more cost-effective and the primary energy use for ash spreading becomes low – about 0,25‰. The total amount of available forest fuel in Sweden is 66 TWh per year. This would cost 1 billion €2007 to recover and would avoid 6.9 Mtonne carbon if fossil coal were replaced. In southern Sweden almost all forest fuel is obtainable in high-concentration areas where it is easy to recover. When determining potential CO2 emissions avoidance, the transportation distance was found to be less important than the other factors considered in this work. The type of transportation system did not have a significant influence over the CO2 avoided per hectare of forest land. The most important factor analysed here was the type of fossil fuel (coal, oil or natural gas) replaced together with the net amount of biomass recovered per hectare of forest land. Large-scale, long-distance transportation of biofuels from central Sweden has the potential to be cost-effective and also attractive in terms of CO2 emissions. A bundle recovery system meant that more biomass per hectare could be delivered to end-users than a pellet system due to conversion losses when producing pellets.
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Andrews, Susan Deborah. "Life cycle assessment and the design of ultra-low and zero-emission vehicles in the UK." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8898.

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Hosseinzadeh, zaribaf Behnaz. "Life cycle energy and GHG emission of renewable diesel production from cornstover and switchgrass in U.S." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118235.

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Gendre, Laura. "A study of emission of nanoparticles during physical processing of aged polymer-matrix nanocomposites." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2016. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/12381.

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Nanotechnology research and its commercial applications have experienced an exponential rise in the recent decades. Although there are a lot of studies with regards to toxicity of nanoparticles, the exposure to nanoparticles, both in terms of quality and quantity, during the life cycle of nanocomposites is very much an unknown quantity and an active area of research. Unsurprisingly, the regulations governing the use and disposal of nanomaterials during its life cycle are behind the curve. This work aims to assess the quantity of nanoparticles released along the life cycle of nanocomposites. Machining operations such as milling and drilling were chosen to simulate the manufacturing of nanocomposites parts, and impact testing to recreate the end-of-life of the materials. Several studies have tried to simulate different release scenarios, however these experiments had many variables and in general were not done in controlled environments. In this study, a reliable method was developed to assess the release of nanoparticles during machining and low velocity impact of nanocomposites. The development and validation of a new prototype used for measurement and monitoring of nanoparticles in a controlled environment is presented, as along with release experiments on different nanocomposites. Every sample tested was found to release nanoparticles irrespective of the mechanical process used or the type of material tested. Even neat polymers released nanoparticles when subjected to mechanical forces. The type of matrix was identified to play a major role on the quantity of nanoparticles release during different process. Thermoset polymers (and especially polyester) were found to release a higher number concentration of particles, mainly due to their brittle properties. A polyester sample was found to release up to 48 times more particles than a polypropylene one during drilling. The nanofiller type and percentage used to reinforce the polymer is also a key point. For example, the addition of 2 wt.% of nano-alumina into polyester increases the number concentration of particles by 106 % following an impact. The nanofiller chosen and its quantity affect the mechanical properties and machinability of the composites and therefore its nanoparticles release potential. The mechanical process and the process parameters chosen were also found to be crucial with regards to the nanoparticles released with different trends observed during drilling and impact of similar materials. Finally, thermal ageing of nanocomposites increases the number concentration of nanoparticles released (by 8 to 17 times after 6 weeks).
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Krbalová, Maria. "Posuzování vlivu na životní prostředí při konstrukci výrobních strojů z pohledu emise vybraných skleníkových plynů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-256573.

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The presented doctoral thesis is focused on environmental impact assessment of basic engineering materials used in a production machine construction. Ecological profile of the machine itself develops already in the phase of its design. It is not only about the choice of future machine parameters and materials that it is built from, but also about technologies used for its manufacture and operation conditions of the finished machine (consumption of energy and service fluids). The thesis occupies in detail with environmental impact analysis of the production machine design from the viewpoint of material production that mentioned machine consists of. The output from the performed analysis is methodology for evaluating of machine design from the viewpoint of greenhouse gas emissions. Created methodology enables evaluating of machine ecological profile and its possible adjustments even during pre-production stage. In the first part of the thesis the analysis of current legislation in the field of fighting against climate changes, reducing of products energy consumption and increasing of production machines energy efficiency is presented. Also in this part of the thesis description of methods that were used to achieve thesis goals is stated. Furthermore analysis of production machine as a system of structural components that fulfil the certain functions and description of used basic engineering materials are presented. The second part of the thesis is devoted to environmental impact analysis of the production machine design process. There the design process and environmental impact of machine design are described. This is followed by description of production machine life cycle and detailed analysis of undesirable substances emissions emitted during pre-production phases of machine life cycle (i.e. during the raw materials extraction and materials production). From this analysis the particular constituents’ pre-production phases which are sources of undesirable substances emissions (e.g. greenhouse gas emissions) were derived. The thesis also includes analysis of these constituents’ life cycles and description of electric power generation as a basic constituent of any phase of product life cycle. In this part of the thesis calculations of particular fuel type’s amounts that is required to produce 1 MWh of electric power and carbon dioxide amount produced during electric power generation are presented. The third part of the thesis contains created models of manufacturing processes of basic engineering materials and calculations of related emissions of selected greenhouse gases. The practical output from this part of the thesis is methodology that enables environmental impact assessment of machine design from the viewpoint of engineering materials used in its construction.
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Sharma, Sabita. "Life Cycle Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management regarding Green House Gas Emission: A Case Study of Östersund Municipality, Sweden." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för teknik och hållbar utveckling, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-17409.

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This study aims to undertake a comprehensive analysis of different waste management systems for the wastes produced in Östersund municipality of Sweden with an impact assessment limited to greenhouse gas emissions and their total environmental effects in terms of global warming potential, acidification potential, and eutrophication potential. A life cycle assessment methodology is used by integrating knowledge from waste collection, transportation, waste management processes and the product utilization. The analytical framework included the definition of functional unit, system boundaries, complimentary system design, waste management, and partial use of the energy. Three different municipal solid waste management scenarios, incineration, composting, and digestion were considered for the study. All wastes from Östersund municipality were classified into biodegradable and combustible and thereafter treated for energy and compost production. Greenhouse gas emissions and total environmental impacts were quantified and evaluated their corresponding benefits compared to three different types of marginal energy production system. The results showed that the major greenhouse gas carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions are greater in composting scenario, whereas methane emission is greater in digestion scenario. Composting scenario that uses additional coal fuel has greater global warming potential and acidification potential compared to other scenarios. Composting scenario using wood fuel additional energy has greater eutrophication potential. The highest reduction in global warming potential is achieved when digestion scenario replace coal energy. The greater reduction in acidification and eutrophication potential achieved when digestion scenario replaced coal energy, and wood fuel respectively. Based on the assumptions made, digestion scenario appears to be the best option to manage solid waste of Östersund municipality if the municipality goal is to reduce total environmental impact. Although there may have plentiful of uncertainties, digestion and incineration scenario results are competitive in reducing environmental effects, and based on the assumptions and factors used for the analysis, the results and conclusions from this study appear to be strong. Key words: Solid waste, incineration, composting, digestion, total environmental effect, wood fuel, biogas.
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Fredén, Johanna. "Analys och beräkning av emissionsfaktorer för växthusgaser." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-134385.

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An increased awareness about the global warming has created a demand for more information on how the climate is affected by different activities.This master thesis was initiated by Tricorona, a Swedish company that offers its customers analysis and calculation of their climate impact. Tricorona also supplies climate neutralisation with CERs, in accordance with the Kyoto protocol and controlled by the UN. This work demands updated emission factors for greenhouse gases. An emission factor gives information about the greenhouse gasintensity of a service or a product [kg CO2-eq./ functional unit].The purpose of this thesis is to examine how electricity, district heating, hotels, taxis, food and materials affect the climate and how emission factors for these areas can be calculated.This was done by reviewing and comparing different studies and by interviewing experts. The information was evaluated and recommendations on calculations and emission factors were made.The consumption of energy is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions for district heating, electricity, hotels, taxis and materials. For food production the biogenic greenhousegas emissions are also important, such as the emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide from land use and the methane emissions from ruminants.For climate impact assessment of electricity, district heating, hotels and taxis it is recommended that the calculations should be based on an average consumption of energy. All types of energy carriers should be included in the calculations and the emission factors used should be based on Life Cycle Assessments. Climate impact assessments based on energy consumption is a simplification that underestimates the real greenhouse gas emissions. The recommended emission factors are associated with some uncertainties that originate from the quality of the data used, the assumptions made and the system boundaries that were chosen.Despite that, the recommended emission factors can be considered representative since they are based on the best available data. For food and materials it is recommended that emissionfactors from Life Cycle Inventories should be used.
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Pontarollo, Gianni. "Environmental life cycle cost analysis, a review of economic, energy and green house gas emission impacts of asphalt and concrete pavements." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0025/MQ50363.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Life-cycle emission"

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Minnesota Office of Environmental Assistance. Assessment of the effect of MSW management on resource conservation and greenhouse gas emissions. Minnesota?]: R.W. Beck, 1999.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE World Congress (2006 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Emission: Measurement, testing & modeling. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2006.

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Sadiq, Rehan, Kasun Hewage, Rajeev Ruparathna, and Hirushie Karunathilake. Life Cycle Thinking for Net-Zero Energy and Emission Transformation. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2020.

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Environmental life cycle cost analysis: A review of economic, energy and green house gas emission impacts of asphalt and concrete pavements. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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Paulson, CAJ. Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies. Edited by RA Durie, DJ Williams, AY Smith, and P. McMullan. CSIRO Publishing, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643105027.

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The control of greenhouse gas emissions continues to be a major global problem. It is inter-disciplinary, both in substance and approach, and covers technical, political and economic issues involving governments, industry and the scientific community. These proceedings contain 220 papers presented at the 5th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-5) held in August 2000 at Cairns, Queensland, Australia. The papers cover the capture of carbon dioxide, geological storage of carbon dioxide, ocean storage of carbon dioxide, storage of carbon dioxide with enhanced hydrocarbon recovery, utilisation of carbon dioxide, other greenhouse gases, fuel cells, alternative energy carriers, energy efficiency, life cycle assessments and energy modelling, economics, international and national policy, trading and accounting policy, social and community issues, and reducing emission from industry and power generation.
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Horne, Ralph E., Tim Grant, and Karli Verghese. Life Cycle Assessment. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643097964.

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Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has developed in Australia over the last 20 years into a technique for systematically identifying the resource flows and environmental impacts associated with the provision of products and services. Interest in LCA has accelerated alongside growing demand to assess and reduce greenhouse gas emissions across different manufacturing and service sectors. Life Cycle Assessment focuses on the reflective practice of LCA, and provides critical insight into the technique and how it can be used as a problem-solving tool. It describes the distinctive strengths and limitations of LCA, with an emphasis on practice in Australia, as well as the application of LCA in waste management, the built environment, water and agriculture. Supported by examples and case studies, each chapter investigates contemporary challenges for environmental assessment and performance improvement in these key sectors. LCA methodologies are compared to the emerging climate change mitigation policy and practice techniques, and the uptake of ‘quick’ LCA and management tools are considered in the light of current and changing environmental agendas. The authors also debate the future prospects for LCA technique and applications.
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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE World Congress (2007 : Detroit, Mich.), eds. Life cycle analysis and energy or emissions modeling. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2007.

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Le, Khoa N., Vivian W. Y. Tam, and Cuong N. N. Tran. Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Commercial Buildings. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Life cycle analysis and energy or emissions modeling. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2007.

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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Aquaculture: A Life Cycle Assessment of Three Asian Systems. Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2017.

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Book chapters on the topic "Life-cycle emission"

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Holst, Jens-Christian, Katrin Müller, Florian Ansgar Jaeger, and Klaus Heidinger. "City Air Management: LCA-Based Decision Support Model to Improve Air Quality." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 39–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_4.

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AbstractSiemens has developed an emission model of cities to understand the root cause and interactions to reduce air emissions. The City Air Management (CyAM) consists of monitoring, forecasting and simulation of measures. CyAM model aims to provide formation on air pollution reduction potential of short-term measures to take the right actions to minimize and avoid pollution peaks before they are likely to happen. The methodology uses a parameterized life cycle assessment model for transport emissions and calculates the local impact on air quality KPIs of individual transport measures at the specific hotspot. The system is able to forecast air quality and by how it is expected to exceed health or regulatory thresholds over the coming 5 days.In this paper, the LCA model and results from selected cities will be presented: Case studies show how a specific combination of technologies/measures will reduce the transport demand, enhance traffic flow or improve the efficiency of the vehicle fleet in the vicinity of the emission hotspot/monitoring station.
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Lambrechts, Wynand, and Saurabh Sinha. "Characterization of Industrial GHG Emission Sources in Urban Planning." In Carbon Footprint and the Industrial Life Cycle, 447–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54984-2_20.

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Kurian, Rosaliya, Kulkarni Kishor Sitaram, and Prasanna Venkatesan Ramani. "Life Cycle Carbon Emission Assessment for a Residential Building." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 115–21. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8496-8_14.

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Cha, Junhee, Youn Yeo-Chang, and Jong-Hak Lee. "Life Cycle Carbon Dioxide Emission and Stock of Domestic Wood Resources using Material Flow Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment." In Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management, 451–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1899-9_44.

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Kim, Heetae, and Tae Kyu Ahn. "Analysis on Correlation Relationship Between Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission and Life Cycle Cost of Electricity Generation System for Energy Resources." In Towards Life Cycle Sustainability Management, 459–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1899-9_45.

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Kobayashi, Y., K. Nakamura, and K. Oda. "New algorithm of Acoustic Emission Tomography that considers change of emission times of AE events during identification of elastic wave velocity distribution." In Bridge Safety, Maintenance, Management, Life-Cycle, Resilience and Sustainability, 213–21. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003322641-22.

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Regett, Anika, Constanze Kranner, Sebastian Fischhaber, and Felix Böing. "Using Energy System Modelling Results for Assessing the Emission Effect of Vehicle-to-Grid for Peak Shaving." In Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management, 115–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92237-9_13.

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Lotrakul, Pitchapa, Wimol San-Um, and Masaaki Takahashi. "The Monitoring of Three-Dimensional Printer Filament Feeding Process Using an Acoustic Emission Sensor." In Sustainability Through Innovation in Product Life Cycle Design, 499–511. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0471-1_34.

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Huang, Zujian, and Wenyu Zhang. "Study on Carbon Emission of Laminated Bamboo Based on Life Cycle Assessment Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 84–96. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4293-8_10.

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Aggarwal, Neeraj K., Naveen Kumar, and Mahak Mittal. "Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) in GHG Emission and Techno-economic Analysis (TEA) of Bioethanol Production." In Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 179–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05091-6_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Life-cycle emission"

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Wang, Michael, and Dongquan He. "Full Fuel–Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emission Impacts of Transportation Fuels Produced from Natural Gas." In Total Life Cycle Conference and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2000-01-1505.

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Tang, Jie, Yanping Yang, Yifan Tong, and Shuhan Hu. "Life Cycle Assessment of Traffic Emission Reduce." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-0321.

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Zeng, Jun, Zhenjun Zhu, and Jiaqi Meng. "Urban Commuter Traffic Carbon Emission Model Based on Life Cycle." In 14th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413623.288.

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Rabbi, Ehtesam, and Cai Xia Yang. "Fuel Economy, Emission and Life Cycle Costing Generation From Database." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71794.

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The selection process and procurement of right transit bus with fuel and powertrain technology is vital for any cost-effective transit service. There are cities in which conventional diesel fueled bus is used for transit service. It is not always viable to replace the whole or part of the fleet with a vehicle with a different powertrain. Every city are unique in its road type, road grade, service routes, meteorological aspects and traffic population. Since, each of the powertrain technology offers a different combination of advantages and disadvantages, we need to study and analysis each drivetrain technology to find out the best match for our city. There is a variation in transit bus types that are suitable for distinct types of cities, services, and operations. Fuel consumption is directly related to the bus size, engine technology and powertrain. Evaluating fuel consumption correctly, predicting detailed emission for the greenhouse gases and analyzing life cycle costing could be a daunting task and often needs expensive on-board equipment and intricate simulation testing. Lacking this kind of amenities makes it impossible for transit service on a county scale and project level research. In this study, a local database of transit service generated from the well documented database to provide a detailed analysis of fuel consumption, emission and life cycle costing. The integral part of evaluating fuel consumption accurately is to compare test data over a relevant drive cycle. This research also discusses drive cycle and how to select from standard drive cycle for urban city transit network.
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Zaili Zhao, DanYang, Tianqin Kang, Zhaofeng Yuan, and Hang Zheng. "Carbon emission estimation of a chemical tanker in the life cycle." In 2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering (ICEICE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceice.2011.5777175.

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Jabiri, Zahra N., and Dean Sharafi. "Reducing SF6 Emission from HV Circuit Breakers - A Life Cycle Approach." In 2010 Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/appeec.2010.5448997.

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Xinghua Li, Jianchang Liu, Honglei Xu, Ping Zhong, Xuewen Zheng, Fan Zhang, and Jianxun Zhao. "Counting methodologies of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission in highway life cycle." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893717.

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Ueta, Toshiya. "Probing Ancient Mass Loss with AKARI's Extended Thermal Dust Emission Objects." In The Life Cycle of Dust in the Universe: Observations, Theory, and Laboratory Experiments. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.207.0102.

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Stock, David. "The PAH emission properties of an ensemble of UCHII regions in W49A." In The Life Cycle of Dust in the Universe: Observations, Theory, and Laboratory Experiments. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.207.0130.

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Chen, Chao-Lung, and Rui-Rung Lin. "An Overview of Life-cycle Exhaust Emission Control for Motorcycles in Taiwan." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2006-32-0088.

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Reports on the topic "Life-cycle emission"

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Shen, Bo, and Zhenning LI. Perform Life Cycle Energy and GHG Emission Analysis, Select Candidate Refrigerant(s). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1819592.

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Linan, Dun. Research on carbon emission of urban residents’ three types of dining based on the whole life cycle. Envirarxiv, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55800/envirarxiv276.

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Author, Not Given. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Electricity Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338444.

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Skone, Timothy J., and James Littlefield. Life Cycle Analysis of ONE Future's Supply Chain Methane Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1513821.

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Eberle, Annika, Garvin A. Heath, Alberta C. Carpenter Petri, and Scott R. Nicholson. Systematic Review of Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Geothermal Electricity. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1398245.

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Lee, Dong-Yeon, Amgad A. Elgowainy, and Qiang Dai. Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of By-product Hydrogen from Chlor-Alkali Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1418333.

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Skone, Timothy J., and William E. Harrison, III. Case Study: Interagency Workgroup on Life Cycle GHG Emissions of Alternative Aviation Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1523644.

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Sminchak, Joel, and Sanjay Mawalkar. Life Cycle Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions for the Niagaran Reef Complex CO2-EOR Operations. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1773373.

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Bergman, Richard D., Robert H. Falk, Hongmei Gu, Thomas R. Napier, and Jamie Meil. Life-Cycle Energy and GHG Emissions for New and Recovered Softwood Framing Lumber and Hardwood Flooring Considering End-of-Life Scenarios. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-rp-672.

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Al-Qadi, Imad, Hasan Ozer, Mouna Krami Senhaji, Qingwen Zhou, Rebekah Yang, Seunggu Kang, Marshall Thompson, et al. A Life-Cycle Methodology for Energy Use by In-Place Pavement Recycling Techniques. Illinois Center for Transportation, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-018.

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Worldwide interest in using recycled materials in flexible pavements as an alternative to virgin materials has increased significantly over the past few decades. Therefore, recycling has been utilized in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Three types of in-place recycling technologies have been introduced since the late 70s: hot in-place recycling, cold in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation. The main objectives of this project are to develop a framework and a life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate maintenance and rehabilitation treatments, specifically in-place recycling and conventional paving methods, and develop a LCA tool utilizing Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to help local and state highway agencies evaluate environmental benefits and tradeoffs of in-place recycling techniques as compared to conventional rehabilitation methods at each life-cycle stage from the material extraction to the end of life. The ultimate outcome of this study is the development of a framework and a user-friendly LCA tool that assesses the environmental impact of a wide range of pavement treatments, including in-place recycling, conventional methods, and surface treatments. The developed tool provides pavement industry practitioners, consultants, and agencies the opportunity to complement their projects’ economic and social assessment with the environmental impacts quantification. In addition, the tool presents the main factors that impact produced emissions and energy consumed at every stage of the pavement life cycle due to treatments. The tool provides detailed information such as fuel usage analysis of in-place recycling based on field data.
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