Academic literature on the topic 'Life Cycle AssessmentThe application'

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Journal articles on the topic "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"

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Vagrani, Anushruti, Niraj Kumar, and P. Vigneswara Ilavarasan. "Decline in Mobile Application Life Cycle." Procedia Computer Science 122 (2017): 957–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.460.

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Weidema, Bo. "Application typologies for life cycle assessment." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 3, no. 4 (July 1998): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02977574.

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Hafizan, C., N. Hussein, and Z. Z. Noor. "Life Cycle Assessment Framework Application in Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1051, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1051/1/012101.

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van der Giesen, C., R. Kleijn, G. J. Kramer, and J. Guinée. "Towards application of life cycle sustainability analysis." Revue de Métallurgie 110, no. 1 (2013): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2013058.

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Milà, Llorenç, Xavier Domènech, Joan Rieradevall, Pere Fullana, and Rita Puig. "Application of life cycle assessment to footwear." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 3, no. 4 (July 1998): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02977570.

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Martínez-Blanco, Julia, Annekatrin Lehmann, Pere Muñoz, Assumpció Antón, Marzia Traverso, Joan Rieradevall, and Matthias Finkbeiner. "Application challenges for the social Life Cycle Assessment of fertilizers within life cycle sustainability assessment." Journal of Cleaner Production 69 (April 2014): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.01.044.

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Barbosa Júnior, Afonso Frazão, Rafael Meira de Morais, Sebastião Virgínio Emerenciano, Handson Cláudio Dias Pimenta, and Reidson Pereira Gouvinhas. "Life Cycle Assessment Concepts and Application in Brazil." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 7, no. 1 (March 18, 2009): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v7i1.972.

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This article is based on an exploratory research regarding Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), an environmental management tool towards product system. It was analyzed its origin, concepts, benefits, barriers, methodology and its implementation in Brazil during the last decades. Based on the results, it was observed that in order to apply this tool in Brazil it is necessary to acquire more experience in its use. Besides that, it is essential that there be a standardization of its methodology and government incentives. Therefore, it is observed that the LCA adoption represents an important strategic change, which can assist both in the environmental management system of the company and in the productivity profits of the system.
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Manjare, Sampatrao, and Rajendra Mohite. "Application Life Cycle Assessment to Diammonium Phosphate Production." Advanced Materials Research 354-355 (October 2011): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.354-355.256.

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Abstract Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) is an important crop nutrient for plants and its use is increasing day by day with increase in population. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an important tool in the evaluation of the environmental performance of the product/ system throughout the life cycle. In this paper, LCA has been used to evaluate the performance of the Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizer production. The system investigated includes DAP production process. The quantification of environmental emissions, material and energy usage are quantified and environmental effects are assessed. The impact categories most affected by the DAP production, are respiratory inorganics and terrestrial acid/nitrification. Interpretations have been made and recommendations are given for operational improvements in DAP production
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Patrick Pigott, J., John Gammack, Diarmuid Pigott, and Val Hobbs. "Practical application of a knowledge development life cycle." VINE 39, no. 2 (June 19, 2009): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03055720910988869.

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Woodward, David G. "Life cycle costing—Theory, information acquisition and application." International Journal of Project Management 15, no. 6 (December 1997): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0263-7863(96)00089-0.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"

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Cossutta, Matteo. "Life cycle analysis of graphene in a supercapacitor application." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33411/.

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The aim of this thesis is to undertake a life cycle analysis to identify the environmental impact of using graphene to manufacture supercapacitors. It was part of a larger project to develop supercapacitors using graphene in place of activated carbon. The first part of this work focuses on production of graphene in the laboratory. Data were directly measured in different laboratories to perform a comparative life cycle analysis in order to evaluate the environmental performance of several graphene synthesis methods including graphite electrochemical exfoliation, graphite chemical oxidation with subsequent chemical or thermal reduction and chemical vapour deposition. One electrochemical exfoliation technique, one chemical oxidation followed by two different reduction routes were selected on the base of their environmental performance and their measured specific capacitance and used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The second part of the thesis is a comparative life cycle assessment involving three supercapacitors having the electrodes made of graphene synthesised via the three shortlisted production routes and one state of the art activated carbon based supercapacitor commercially available. A commercial-scale graphene production process is simulated using a process simulation tool in order to minimise the process inefficiencies inherent to laboratory processes and to compare it with a commercial-scale activated carbon production process. The results showed a large reduction of the graphene environmental impact of around 50% in most of the environmental impact categories analysed but also proved that the activated carbon supercapacitor is currently the technology with the lowest impact for all categories. They also showed that graphene production needs more research to improve its efficiency and efficacy as it is the operation with the highest environmental impact in the supercapacitor manufacturing for most of the analysed impact categories. In the third part of this study the use-phase and end-of-life of supercapacitors is evaluated in which the supercapacitors are used to power a car door mirror and are finally recycled. The results showed that over the lifetime of a vehicle (150,000 km), the graphene based supercapacitors have a lower impact (10% less) during the use-phase as they are lighter. The recycling process is also simulated to be scaled up to a commercial-scale with minimised heat losses for both graphene and activated carbon based supercapacitors. Recycling proved to be the key to reduce the environmental impact of the graphene supercapacitor. As graphene proved to be the most problematic material for the environment and the recycled graphene proved to be of a quality similar to pristine material, its recovery generates an environmental credit that is 90% of the production burden for all categories by displacing the production of new graphene for polymer reinforcement applications. Sensitivity analysis is performed and various scenarios generated to evaluate potential variations in specific capacitance of all active materials and subsequently the impact of these variations on the manufacture of supercapacitors. The results are normalised and weighted according to the latest EU requirements. Aggregating the weighted results proved that the activated carbon and the graphene based supercapacitors could have similar impacts. This is a very encouraging result considering that the graphene synthesis process is still at its infancy while the activated carbon production is a well-established industrial process. When a more efficient graphene production can be industrialised, graphene supercapacitors will have the potential to become the future technology with the lowest environmental impact.
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Chan, Wah-man, and 陳華民. "Application of life cycle analysis (LCA) to consumer product development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255140.

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Taneda, Makoto. "Application of life cycle costing method to a renovation project." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70276.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-116).
In this study, we have examined the application of Lee analysis method to the construction and renovation stages of a building project. The application of the Lee analysis is currently limited to the very early stages of a project life, namely at the concept and design stages. We propose application of the Lee method, with several modifications, to the construction and renovation stages. The simplified Lee method is proposed and examined in the first two case studies. The simplified method limits the range and complexity of data inputs, and is intended to be an Lee used by engineers practicing in the construction industry. In the third case study, the "Lee per square-foot", which implements the concept of the "square-foot" cost estimating, is proposed. This method is intended to be used to assess the residual value and to estimate running costs of an existing building. Necessary modifications of the Lee, as well as the accuracy and limits of these new methods are examined through three case studies.
by Makoto Taneda.
M.S.
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Shetye, Nitish. "Life-Cycle Energy Analysis of a High Strength Steel Application." Thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-290157.

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Steel is one of the most important engineering and construction material. It is used everywhere around us from making tiny nuts and bolts to massive cargo ships. It is a basic component in building societies and the development of mankind. The demand of steel is influenced by the population of the world and the per-capita consumption.
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Chan, Wah-man. "Application of life cycle analysis (LCA) to consumer product development /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2543889x.

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King, Barbara M. "A Software Development Life-Cycle Model for Web-Based Application Development." NSUWorks, 2004. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/636.

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Software development life cycle models were believed to play a critical role in improving software quality by guiding tasks in the software development processes since being formally introduced and embraced in the 1970s. Many organizations attempted to deploy software development life cycle methodologies with the intent to improve the software development process from conception through implementation to delivery. Numerous established software development models exist, including the classic waterfall life cycle model, Spiral model, Prototyping, Evolutionary, (e.g., Staged, Phased, and Timebox models), object-oriented design (OOD) (e.g., Rational Unified Process), and agile processes (e.g., eXtreme Programming [XP]). The design and development of web-based applications introduced new problems and requirements that did not exist when traditional software development life-cycle models were being put into practice. This research presents empirical software development practice data pertaining to web-based application development. The goal of this project was to answer the question, "What is the general paradigm of an SDLC model for web-based application development?" The focus of the project was to derive an empirical SDLC model for web-based application development. Data from current practices was collected via a web-based application. Study participants used the web-based application to input data concerning the SDLC model of their web-based application development process. The empirical model was derived from the data provided by participants on current professional web-based application development practices. The results of this research showed that although web-based application development life-cycle does parallel traditional SDLCs in some phases, there were enough differences that an exact fit to an existing model does not exist. A modified version of the Classic Waterfall with some repetitiveness of the Spiral model with the addition of optional phases best met the situational requirements of web-based application development.
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Taylor, Tracy A. "Optimal Control and Its Application to the Life-Cycle Savings Problem." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4288.

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Throughout the course of this thesis, we give an introduction to optimal control theory and its necessary conditions, prove Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, and present the life-cycle saving under uncertain lifetime optimal control problem. We present a very involved sensitivity analysis that determines how a change in the initial wealth, discount factor, or relative risk aversion coefficient may affect the model the terminal depletion of wealth time, optimal consumption path, and optimal accumulation of wealth path. Through simulation of the life-cycle saving under uncertain lifetime model, we are not only able to present the model dynamics through time, but also to demonstrate the feasibility of the model.
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Cronje, Danie. "Risk management in the application of the systems development life cycle." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28259.

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The purpose of this report is to make a contribution to the South African Post Office Technology division. This is achieved by starting with a number of fundamental theoretical principles in related disciplines. Risk management is proposed to the management in an attempt to increase the success rate of information technology projects. Concentrating on methodology is not the only answer. Management should accept that risks are part of the development process and should be managed. Even though risks appear throughout the development life cycle, management should realise that the starting phase of any systems development life cycle is one of the most crucial events. There is a saying in Afrikaans: "Goed begin is half gewin". Meaning that if a project starts on a healthy basis, the rest should be clean sailing. This report should provide a useful starting point for further empirical analysis since it provides an overall theoretical framework for the systems development life cycle.
Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Graduate School of Management
unrestricted
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曾伯裕 and Pak-yu Tsang. "Application of life cycle costing (LCC) technique in Hong Kong warehouse industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31251626.

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Storey, Stefan. "Application of life-cycle approaches for the evaluation of high performance buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46591.

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The market shift towards high performance buildings is posing a major challenge to decision- makers, designers and developers. They need to know what constitutes high performance design and practice, what the environmental consequences of decisions are, and how buildings are performing relative to anchored benchmarks. This doctoral dissertation provides building designers and operators methods on how to use life-cycle approaches to inform design and track performance. The research focuses on a case-study of the lifecycle impacts of advanced buildings at UBC, built to various standards of performance including the current best-practices (LEED standards) and the currently emerging ‘regenerative’ standard. Life-cycle approaches are used to explore simulated impact over time in terms of quantified financial and environmental metrics. The research novelty is in the integration of life-cycle models; the aggregation of compatible separate studies to provide a larger overview of building performance. Additionally, the analysis leverages the benchmarking capabilities of the UBC Life-cycle Analysis database - a high-resolution survey of 30 UBC buildings – to show that the contribution of rapid churn building products, such as information technology, contributes a disproportionally high amount to embodied impacts. The study also analyses operational impacts based on utility consumption data for 70 conventional buildings versus 10 best practices (LEED Gold) buildings at UBC with respect to building age and building type. The results show that, in contrast to previous studies, older buildings often outperform new buildings. The dissertation concludes that benchmarking and multi-stakeholder modeling life-cycle approaches are critical for informing expert opinion during decision-making. Attention to modeling construction, and ensuring broad participation is key to ‘useful’ modeling. The process of creating a life-cycle model is often more informative than modeled final results; collective understanding and communication – the basis of good decision-making – improve through participation and stakeholder interaction.
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Books on the topic "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"

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United States. Department of Agriculture. Office of Information Resources Management. Application systems life cycle management manual. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Office of Information Resources Management, 1988.

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Hoffman, Mark. Application development: Managing the project life cycle. Carlsbad, CA: Midrange Computing, 1997.

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United States. Dept. of the Interior. Office of the Secretary. A Project manager's guide to application systems life cycle management. [Washington, D.C.]: The Department, 1985.

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Secretary, U. S. Dept of the Interior Office of the. Application systems life cycle management departmental manual handbook (376 DM10). Washington, D.C: Office of the Secretary, United States Dept. of the Interior, 1985.

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Lee, Jonathan. Service life cycle tools and technologies: Methods, trends, and advances. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference, 2011.

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Anderton, Bill. Life cycles: The astrology of inner space & its application to the rhythms of life. London: Quantum, 1990.

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Life cycles: The astrology of inner space & its application to the rhythms of life. St. Paul, Minn., U.S.A: Llewellyn Publications, 1990.

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Anne-Marie, Tillman, ed. The hitch hiker's guide to LCA: An orientation in life cycle assessment methodology and application. Lund, Sweden: Studentlitteratur, 2004.

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Nigge, Karl-Michael. Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Gas Vehicles: Development and Application of Site-Dependent Impact Indicators. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000.

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Life, Cycle Assessment Symposium (1996 Atlanta GA). TAPPI/AF&PA/NCASI Life Cycle Assessment Symposium: Methods and application for the forest products industry. Atlanta, GA: TAPPI Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"

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Liberty, Jesse, Philip Japikse, and Jon Galloway. "Application Life Cycle." In Pro Windows 8.1 Development with XAML and C#, 261–75. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4048-8_10.

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Basu, Samidip. "Application Life-Cycle Management." In Real World Windows 8 Development, 147–72. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-5026-5_9.

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Dawes, Adam. "The Application Life Cycle." In Windows Phone 7 Game Development, 333–49. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3307-7_10.

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van der Aalst, W. M. P., and T. Basten. "Life-cycle inheritance." In Application and Theory of Petri Nets 1997, 62–81. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63139-9_30.

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Abramovici, M., D. Gerhard, and L. Langenberg. "Application of PDM technology for Product Life Cycle Management." In Life Cycle Networks, 17–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6381-5_2.

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Rosenbaum, Ralph K. "Introduction to Part III: Application of LCA in Practice." In Life Cycle Assessment, 425–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56475-3_17.

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Norberg, Scott. "Secure Application Life Cycle Management." In Advanced ASP.NET Core 3 Security, 373–96. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6014-2_11.

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Garofalo, Emanuele, Antonio Liccardi, and Michele Aponte. "Managing the Application Life Cycle." In Building Windows 8.1 Apps from the Ground Up, 129–42. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4702-9_5.

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Krause, F. L., Chr Kind, and K. Martini. "Application of Feature Technology in a Disassembly-Oriented Information Technology Infrastructure." In Life Cycle Networks, 345–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6381-5_29.

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Schönemann, Malte. "Exemplary Application." In Sustainable Production, Life Cycle Engineering and Management, 149–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49367-1_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"

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Anugs Jeang, Chien-Ping Chung, and Chiao-Ju Hung. "Process capability analysis for life cycle application." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2008.4737977.

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Tekin, Oner, and Gulsah Bayram Cetin. "Application test process in product life cycle." In 2012 6th International Conference on Application of Information and Communication Technologies (AICT). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icaict.2012.6398483.

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Yamato, Masako. "A Study of EMS and LCA Application in Automobile Eco Design." In Total Life Cycle Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982203.

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Kobayashi, Osamu, Helene Teulon, Philippe Osset, and Yasuhiko Morita. "Life Cycle Analysis of a Complex Product, Application of ISO 14040 to a Complete Car." In Total Life Cycle Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982187.

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Tan, Xincai, Yuchun Yu, Jian Wang, Ricky Curran, Raghu Raghunathan, David Gore, and John Doherty. "Life Cycle Assessment of Aluminium for Engineering Application." In The 26th Congress of ICAS and 8th AIAA ATIO. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-8906.

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Gregor, Frank E., and Daniel E. Hromyak. "Life Cycle Management Application at the STARS Plants." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49493.

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Six of the southwest and western nuclear plants have formed an alliance to jointly apply and share in new technologies to increase plant reliability. Life cycle management (LCM) is an EPRI developed process to evaluate and select the best long-term maintenance strategies for important plant systems, structures and component groups. Both, technical and economic assessments are made to arrive at a strategy that provides the highest reliability at the least cost. Among those SSCs chosen for LCM are the Station Transformers, the Main Generator, Turbine Controls, Underground Piping and the Circulating Water System (CWS). The application of the LCM process to the STARS plants is demonstrated for the CWS. The process steps from information gathering, establishing component maintenance and performance history, failure rates and current maintenance practices to aging and technical obsolescence assessment are reviewed. Information sources for generic failure rates, best industry practices, PM and PdM technologies, aging/degradation and performance trending are discussed. Lastly, methods for the modeling and analysis of the economic parameters are presented. The results of the CWS LCM plans for four of the STARS plants are compared and conclusions are summarized.
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Ernzer, M., and K. Kopp. "Application of Kano method to life cycle design." In 2003 IEEE 58th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC 2003-Fall (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37484). IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecf.2003.239863.

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Ernzer and Kopp. "Application of Kano method to life cycle design." In 2003. 3rd International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing - EcoDesign'03. IEEE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.2003.1322697.

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Mazhandu, Zvanaka S., Edison Muzenda, Mohamed Belaid, and Trust Nhubu. "Application of Life Cycle Assessments in Waste Management." In 2021 9th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irsec53969.2021.9741124.

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Marheineke, Torsten, Rainer Friedrich, and Wolfram Krewitt. "Application of a Hybrid-Approach to the Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of a Freight Transport Task." In Total Life Cycle Conference & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982201.

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Reports on the topic "Life Cycle AssessmentThe application"

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Wang, Donghai, Arumugam Manthiram, Chao-Yang Wang, Gao Liu, and Zhengcheng Zhang. High Energy, Long Cycle Life Lithium-ion Batteries for PHEV Application. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1356813.

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Fallon, Kristine K., Robert A. Feldman, Gregory Williams, Omobolawa Fadojutimi, and Tim Chipman. Ontology for Life-Cycle Modeling of Electrical Distribution Systems: Application of Model View Definition Attributes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada582294.

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Fallon, Kristine K., Robert A. Feldman, Gregory Williams, Omobolawa Fadojutimi, and Tim Chipman. Ontology for Life-Cycle Modeling of Water Distribution Systems: Application of Model View Definition Attributes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589613.

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Klenke, Scott Edward, George Charles Novotny, Jr Paulsen Robert A., Kathleen V. Diegert, Timothy Guy Trucano, and Martin M. Pilch. Toward a more rigorous application of margins and uncertainties within the nuclear weapons life cycle : a Sandia perspective. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/933214.

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Guo, Xingzhou, Chi Tian, Jinwu Xiao, Yunfeng Chen, and Jiansong Zhang. Life Cycle Integration of Building Information Modeling in Infrastructure Projects. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317356.

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Building Information Modeling (BIM) can provide solutions to many challenges of asset management, such as missing data, incompatible software, and an unclear business process. However, current implementation of BIM in infrastructure projects has only considers limited factors, such as technology application and digital information delivery, while issues of system compatibility and information needs are still missing. Different aspects of a business are interdependent and an incompatible development of various factors might result in different levels of BIM implementation or even project failure. Comprehensive research is needed to explore the key factors and challenges of BIM implementation in infrastructure projects. This study conducted interviews and surveys with key stakeholders of infrastructure projects to explore the challenges and potential solutions of BIM implementation. Interviews were conducted with 37 professionals and surveys were conducted with 102 professional stakeholders, including owners, designers, contractors, and software vendors. Four main factors, challenges, and potential solutions were identified from content analysis of the interviews and further validated by the surveys. These factors include process factor (when), technology factor (how), people factor (who), and information factor (what). Corresponding solutions are proposed to refine the current workflow and practices.
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Ji, Yi, Bob McCullouch, and Zhi Zhou. Evaluation of Anti-Icing/De-Icing Products Under Controlled Environmental Conditions. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317253.

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Snow and ice removal are important tasks during the winter season and large amounts of anti-icing and de-icing chemicals are used and there is a critical need to review and synthesize information from the literature to compare and contrast anti-icing and de-icing chemicals to understand their environmental impact and support decision making. The effectiveness, costs, and environmental impact of commonly used and alternative anti-icing and de-icing chemicals were reviewed in this study. Application of anti-icing and de-icing chemicals may increase ion concentrations in soils and change nitrogen cycle, soil pH, and trace metal concentrations, affect surface water and groundwater, and increase public health risks. Life cycle assessment was conducted to quantitively evaluate environmental impact of selected anti-icing and de-icing chemicals. A decision support tool on environmental impact was developed to evaluate environmental impact of anti-icing and de-icing chemicals in ten different environmental impact categories. The results showed the environmental life cycle assessment tool developed in this study can be used to compare multiple environment impacts to support decision making for winter operation chemicals.
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Bell, Matthew, Rob Ament, Damon Fick, and Marcel Huijser. Improving Connectivity: Innovative Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Structures for Wildlife, Bicyclists, and/or Pedestrians. Nevada Department of Transportation, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/ndot2022.09.

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Engineers and ecologists continue to explore new methods and adapt existing techniques to improve highway mitigation measures that increase motorist safety and conserve wildlife species. Crossing structures, overpasses and underpasses, combined with fences, are some of the most highly effective mitigation measures employed around the world to reduce wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs) with large animals, increase motorist safety, and maintain habitat connectivity across transportation networks for many other types and sizes of wildlife. Published research on structural designs and materials for wildlife crossings is limited and suggests relatively little innovation has occurred. Wildlife crossing structures for large mammals are crucial for many highway mitigation strategies, so there is a need for new, resourceful, and innovative techniques to construct these structures. This report explored the promising application of fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to a wildlife crossing using an overpass. The use of FRP composites has increased due to their high strength and light weight characteristics, long service life, and low maintenance costs. They are highly customizable in shape and geometry and the materials used (e.g., resins and fibers) in their manufacture. This project explored what is known about FRP bridge structures and what commercial materials are available in North America that can be adapted for use in a wildlife crossing using an overpass structure. A 12-mile section of US Highway 97 (US-97) in Siskiyou County, California was selected as the design location. Working with the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) and California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), a site was selected for the FRP overpass design where it would help reduce WVCs and provide habitat connectivity. The benefits of a variety of FRP materials have been incorporated into the US-97 crossing design, including in the superstructure, concrete reinforcement, fencing, and light/sound barriers on the overpass. Working with Caltrans helped identify the challenges and limitations of using FRP materials for bridge construction in California. The design was used to evaluate the life cycle costs (LCCs) of using FRP materials for wildlife infrastructure compared to traditional materials (e.g., concrete, steel, and wood). The preliminary design of an FRP wildlife overpass at the US-97 site provides an example of a feasible, efficient, and constructible alternative to the use of conventional steel and concrete materials. The LCC analysis indicated the preliminary design using FRP materials could be more cost effective over a 100-year service life than ones using traditional materials.
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Führ, Martin, Julian Schenten, and Silke Kleihauer. Integrating "Green Chemistry" into the Regulatory Framework of European Chemicals Policy. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627727.

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20 years ago a concept of “Green Chemistry” was formulated by Paul Anastas and John Warner, aiming at an ambitious agenda to “green” chemical products and processes. Today the concept, laid down in a set of 12 principles, has found support in various arenas. This diffusion was supported by enhancements of the legislative framework; not only in the European Union. Nevertheless industry actors – whilst generally supporting the idea – still see “cost and perception remain barriers to green chemistry uptake”. Thus, the questions arise how additional incentives as well as measures to address the barriers and impediments can be provided. An analysis addressing these questions has to take into account the institutional context for the relevant actors involved in the issue. And it has to reflect the problem perception of the different stakeholders. The supply chain into which the chemicals are distributed are of pivotal importance since they create the demand pull for chemicals designed in accordance with the “Green Chemistry Principles”. Consequently, the scope of this study includes all stages in a chemical’s life-cycle, including the process of designing and producing the final products to which chemical substances contribute. For each stage the most relevant legislative acts, together establishing the regulatory framework of the “chemicals policy” in the EU are analysed. In a nutshell the main elements of the study can be summarized as follows: Green Chemistry (GC) is the utilisation of a set of principles that reduces or eliminates the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture and application of chemical products. Besides, reaction efficiency, including energy efficiency, and the use of renewable resources are other motives of Green Chemistry. Putting the GC concept in a broader market context, however, it can only prevail if in the perception of the relevant actors it is linked to tangible business cases. Therefore, the study analyses the product context in which chemistry is to be applied, as well as the substance’s entire life-cycle – in other words, the six stages in product innovation processes): 1. Substance design, 2. Production process, 3. Interaction in the supply chain, 4. Product design, 5. Use phase and 6. After use phase of the product (towards a “circular economy”). The report presents an overview to what extent the existing framework, i.e. legislation and the wider institutional context along the six stages, is setting incentives for actors to adequately address problematic substances and their potential impacts, including the learning processes intended to invoke creativity of various actors to solve challenges posed by these substances. In this respect, measured against the GC and Learning Process assessment criteria, the study identified shortcomings (“delta”) at each stage of product innovation. Some criteria are covered by the regulatory framework and to a relevant extent implemented by the actors. With respect to those criteria, there is thus no priority need for further action. Other criteria are only to a certain degree covered by the regulatory framework, due to various and often interlinked reasons. For those criteria, entry points for options to strengthen or further nuance coverage of the respective principle already exist. Most relevant are the deltas with regard to those instruments that influence the design phase; both for the chemical substance as such and for the end-product containing the substance. Due to the multi-tier supply chains, provisions fostering information, communication and cooperation of the various actors are crucial to underpin the learning processes towards the GCP. The policy options aim to tackle these shortcomings in the context of the respective stage in order to support those actors who are willing to change their attitude and their business decisions towards GC. The findings are in general coherence with the strategies to foster GC identified by the Green Chemistry & Commerce Council.
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Splitter, Gary, and Menachem Banai. Microarray Analysis of Brucella melitensis Pathogenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7709884.bard.

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Original Objectives 1. To determine the Brucella genes that lead to chronic macrophage infection. 2. To identify Brucella genes that contribute to infection. 3. To confirm the importance of Brucella genes in macrophages and placental cells by mutational analysis. Background Brucella spp. is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular bacterium that infects ruminants causing abortion or birth of severely debilitated animals. Brucellosis continues in Israel, caused by B. melitensis despite an intensive eradication campaign. Problems with the Rev1 vaccine emphasize the need for a greater understanding of Brucella pathogenesis that could improve vaccine designs. Virulent Brucella has developed a successful strategy for survival in its host and transmission to other hosts. To invade the host, virulent Brucella establishes an intracellular niche within macrophages avoiding macrophage killing, ensuring its long-term survival. Then, to exit the host, Brucella uses placenta where it replicates to high numbers resulting in abortion. Also, Brucella traffics to the mammary gland where it is secreted in milk. Missing from our understanding of brucellosis is the surprisingly lillie basic information detailing the mechanisms that permit bacterial persistence in infected macrophages (chronic infection) and dissemination to other animals from infected placental cells and milk (acute infection). Microarray analysis is a powerful approach to determine global gene expression in bacteria. The close genomic similarities of Brucella species and our recent comparative genomic studies of Brucella species using our B. melitensis microarray, suqqests that the data obtained from studying B. melitensis 16M would enable understanding the pathogenicity of other Brucella organisms, particularly the diverse B. melitensis variants that confound Brucella eradication in Israel. Conclusions Results from our BARD studies have identified previously unknown mechanisms of Brucella melitensis pathogenesis- i.e., response to blue light, quorum sensing, second messenger signaling by cyclic di-GMP, the importance of genomic island 2 for lipopolysaccharide in the outer bacterial membrane, and the role of a TIR domain containing protein that mimics a host intracellular signaling molecule. Each one of these pathogenic mechanisms offers major steps in our understanding of Brucella pathogenesis. Strikingly, our molecular results have correlated well to the pathognomonic profile of the disease. We have shown that infected cattle do not elicit antibodies to the organisms at the onset of infection, in correlation to the stealth pathogenesis shown by a molecular approach. Moreover, our field studies have shown that Brucella exploit this time frame to transmit in nature by synchronizing their life cycle to the gestation cycle of their host succumbing to abortion in the last trimester of pregnancy that spreads massive numbers of organisms in the environment. Knowing the bacterial mechanisms that contribute to the virulence of Brucella in its host has initiated the agricultural opportunities for developing new vaccines and diagnostic assays as well as improving control and eradication campaigns based on herd management and linking diagnosis to the pregnancy status of the animals. Scientific and Agricultural Implications Our BARD funded studies have revealed important Brucella virulence mechanisms of pathogenesis. Our publication in Science has identified a highly novel concept where Brucella utilizes blue light to increase its virulence similar to some plant bacterial pathogens. Further, our studies have revealed bacterial second messengers that regulate virulence, quorum sensing mechanisms permitting bacteria to evaluate their environment, and a genomic island that controls synthesis of its lipopolysaccharide surface. Discussions are ongoing with a vaccine company for application of this genomic island knowledge in a Brucella vaccine by the U.S. lab. Also, our new technology of bioengineering bioluminescent Brucella has resulted in a spin-off application for diagnosis of Brucella infected animals by the Israeli lab by prioritizing bacterial diagnosis over serological diagnosis.
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LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL S30408 UNDER LARGE PLASTIC STRAIN AMPLITUDE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.10.

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The application of stainless steel materials in civil structures for seismic protection lies in its low-cycle fatigue characteristic. However, the data of existing research are mainly based on the low-cycle fatigue in small strain amplitudes. To this end, we perform low-cycle fatigue testing of Austenitic stainless steel S30408, which has low yield point and good elongation performance, under the cyclic load with a maximum strain amplitude reaching up to 5%, to fill the gap. The stress-strain response characteristics of the stainless steel material under the cyclic load are analyzed; then, the parameters of the strain-fatigue life relationship and the cyclic-plastic constitutive model used for FEA simulation are extracted. Results show that the stainless steel’s stress-strain curve is nonlinear without a yield plateau, thus presenting a high strength yield ratio and ductility. The hysteresis loops of the material are plump with a shuttle shape and are symmetric to the origin, indicating a fine energy dissipation capacity. The skeleton curve under cyclic loading with cyclic hardening can be significantly reflected by the Ramberg Osgood model, which is affected by the strain amplitude and loading history; it is also different from the monotonic tensile skeleton curve. The strain-fatigue life curve fitted by the Baqusin Manson Coffin model can predict the materials’ fatigue life under different strain amplitudes. The mixed hardening model, including isotropic and kinematic hardening, based on the Chaboche model, is able to simulate the cyclic stress-strain relationship. Further, its parameters can provide basic data information for the seismic design of civil structures when Austenitic stainless steel S30408 is used.
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