Academic literature on the topic 'Life (Biology) – Study and teaching (Elementary) – United States'

In the United States, beginning teacher retention rates are extraordinarily low; only 50% of teachers remain in the classroom after five years. In particular, the State of Arizona has been recruiting significant numbers of teachers from out of state and attempting to retain them with minimal success. This persistent problem has led the neediest of students to have teachers with lower levels of professional experience, leaving those students with continually lower achievement gains. Drawing on integrated action research and grounded theory methodology, this study’s took place in a large kindergarten to eighth grade elementary school district located in a high-poverty neighborhood in Arizona. The study invited six new teachers in their first year of teaching to explore innovative strategies to increase these teachers’ retention in the profession. The ultimate goal was to understand how such support might alter a beginning teacher’s perceptions of their own persistence and resilience in dealing with the challenges of first-year teaching, thereby reducing beginning teacher attrition. The study finds that teachers must be nurtured and cared for in order for them to fully devote their time and energy to effectively care for the students in their classroom. Increasing self-awareness and resiliency has the potential to create a ripple effect to retain more beginning teachers, as they become more likely to persevere, ask for help, connect with others, and achieve a healthy life/work balance while positively impacting students and their community.

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Patients with hemophilia are prone to life threatening bleeds and central line associated morbidities. It is pivotal that emergency departments (ED) are both equipped and trained to address these complications with acuity. The purpose of this study is to determine the utilization of ED for hemophilia related complaints. METHODS: Retrospective review of information collected from the National Emergency Department Database Sample (NEDS) was performed. The NEDS is a stratified sample of hospital-based ED visits and publically available for purchase as a component of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. We are presenting the results of comparative analysis and frequencies computed from the database. The ED visits with hemophilia, listed as one of the diagnoses, were selected. Patient demographics and hospital stratification variables were recorded. A snapshot of these variables from years 2006 to 2013 was obtained but due to large sample size, we elected to perform detailed analysis on data from the year 2012. Hospital charges and other variables were computed from the database and projected to national levels using the discharge weighted variables. Study was funded by "Bayer Healthcare, Investigator Initiated Research Grant". RESULTS: During the 8 years period studied, ~163,000 ED visits were made by hemophilia patients. This represented 0.016% of total visits to EDs nationwide. The two age groups that were most likely to utilize ED were children under 18 years and adults under 45 years (37% each). More than half of these patients resided in large metropolitan cities or their suburbs. Interestingly 20% of patients had annual household income greater than $63,000. Although Medicaid and Medicare were the largest primary payers (54%), 30% had private insurance listed as primary payer. About 45% of the ED visits were at a non-teaching hospital. As a snap shot of frequencies the trends in above mentioned results had remained unchanged from 2006 to 2013. Detailed analysis of the purchased database for the year 2012 was performed. Out of 31 million ED visits in the year 2012; 4,488 visits were made by patients with hemophilia and 84% of them had hemophilia A (Sample representing 20% of target universe). Mean age at presentation was 29 years. There was not a significant difference in the number of ED visits among different months of the year or days of the week. Most visits were made in June (358) and least visits during February (294). Average charge per visit was $4,000; the highest charge for a single ED visit was $150,000. National estimate of total charges for ED visits by patients with hemophilia in the year 2012 was over 60 million dollars. Average charge for ED visits at a private hospital was $2,988 compared to $2,254 at a public hospital (p=0.03). The cost of ED utilization by lower income group patients was greater than patients from higher income group; however the difference in average charges was not statistically significant. There were over 21,000 diagnoses codes recorded during 4,488 ED visits by hemophilia patients. Cardiovascular complaints (n=2060) were the most frequently reported, followed by injuries and poisoning (n=2038). Hemorrhage was the presenting complaint 32% (n=1452) of times. The breakdown of bleeds included 682 contusions, 317 hemarthrosis, 163 gastrointestinal bleeds, 96 hematuria, 83 epistaxis, 47 intracranial bleeds and 18 menstrual bleeds. Injuries were reported as primary diagnosis, 26% of times. Septicemia was diagnosed during 147 visits. Around 70% of patients were treated and released from the ED. Two patients reportedly died in the ED while 35 died after being admitted to the hospital. Cause of death included Sepsis and brain hemorrhage in 26 and 4 patients respectively. In pediatric patients only, injuries were the most frequent complaints (n=870) followed by joint and soft tissue disorders (n=366); fever (n=92) and central line complications (n=63). CONCLUSION: Hemophilia is a rare hematologic disease but patients with hemophilia have a high tendency to utilize ED. Proper education of patients and ED staff could help reduce the economic burden and ensure optimum care delivery in the ED. To our knowledge this is the first study to analyze ED utilization by hemophilia patients from a national database. Based on our study results, patients were evenly distributed in low and high income groups and utilized teaching and non-teaching hospital EDs alike. Disclosures Zakieh: Bayer Healthcare Investigator Initiated research Grant: Research Funding. Al-Ghafry:Bayer Healthcare Investigator Initiated research Grant: Research Funding. Siddiqui:Bayer Healthcare Investigator Initiated research Grant: Research Funding.

In this study, we developed and applied SSI writing teaching-learning lesson plans for middle school biology gifted students on the subject of plastic waste problem, seed war, etc. In this process, we aimed to solve students’ given problems creatively. In this study, a systematic teaching-learning process was presented through the development of a teaching plan, and a series of curriculums such as teaching-learning-evaluation were carried out by performing SSI writing in the evaluation process. The theme of the first teaching-learning lesson plan is ‘Plastic Age, How to solve it’, and the reason for the selection is to recognize the seriousness of environmental pollution caused by discarded plastic through the recognition of the problem of plastic items that are easily used and discarded, and to seek experimental and social countermeasures to solve them. The class was conducted by exploring the current status of plastic appliances, starting with plastic, and finding ways to solve problems through the study of larva eating plastic. The learning objectives were to recognize environmental and social problems caused by plastic, to find ways to reduce plastic waste, and to present scientific methods for problem solving through argumentation. The second subject of the teaching-learning lesson plan was selected as ‘Seeds, Dominate the World’, and the reason for the selection is to examine the seed patent rights of multinational corporations and analyze the problems caused by them, and ultimately to think about why biodiversity is important between the universal interests of mankind and the interests of specific companies. The class established the concepts of species diversity, biodiversity, seed banks, and life patents, identified the current status and problems of agriculture around the world due to patented seeds, and established their own claims through advocacy or refutation of seed bank establishment. The purpose of the study was to identify the current status and problems of the cotton industry in India, identify the seed industry in Korea, identify the status of GMO seeds in the United States, and identify the problems of life patents in multinational companies such as Monsanto. In SSI writing, or evaluation after teaching-learning, students were aware of given social science problems, sought ways to solve problems, and presented scientific methods for problem solving through argumentation.

The aim of this study is to reveal the content analysis and trends of studies on misconceptions in biology education. Within the scope of the research, articles containing misconceptions about biology were accessed from the Scopus database. “Biology and misconception” was searched in the title, abstract and keywords in the Scopus database on September 13, 2022. A total of 410 publications about misconceptions in biology education were found in the search. The years of accessed publications were determined between 1970 and 2022. A total of 410 publications were analyzed in the research, regardless of language. According to the data obtained, 53 countries and 143 journals published articles on misconceptions in biology. However, in order to obtain clearer data, 3 articles were determined as the minimum number of articles for a country, and 31 countries and 27 journals were considered in this research. According to this research, in terms of the number of documents, the USA is the most published country with 199 articles, and Turkey is the second most published country with 39 studies. It was also revealed that the most cited countries were the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom, respectively. “CBE Life Sciences Education” and “American Biology Teacher” journals were determined as the journals with the most publications on the subject. In addition, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, CBE Life Sciences Education, International Journal of Science Education, Journal of Biological Education, Evolution: Education and Outreach were identified as the most cited journals in the studies. The results of this study are thought to be important for the future development of studies on misconceptions in biology education.

Abstract Introduction: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a group of clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, cytopenias, dysplasia in ≥ 1 cell line, cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities, and variable risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Treatment goals for MDS classified as lower-risk (LR-MDS) include transfusion independence, improvement in hemoglobin (Hb) levels, and maintenance of or improvement in quality of life. Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) are the first-line (1L) treatment for anemia in most patients with LR-MDS lacking del(5q), but a proportion of patients do not respond to ESA treatment, or experience progression of anemia despite ESA treatment. The objective of this real-world analysis was to describe patient characteristics, treatment patterns (including ESA use), and outcomes in patients with LR-MDS. Methods: A retrospective, observational, US multisite, cohort study was conducted among adult patients initially diagnosed with LR-MDS between January 1, 2017 and June 25, 2020. Eligible patients had ≥ 1 year of follow-up after diagnosis (unless the patient died during this time) and did not receive luspatercept or any MDS treatment as part of a randomized, controlled trial. Community oncologists abstracted data from medical records, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes. Data presented are from an interim analysis of an ongoing study; the last date of data collection for this analysis was July 6, 2021. Results: Among 125 eligible patients with LR-MDS, median follow-up time was 16 months, and 83% of patients were still alive at the time of data collection. In the 8 weeks prior to diagnosis, 54% of patients did not receive any red blood cell (RBC) or platelet transfusions, while 42% and 4% had low or moderate transfusion burden, respectively. Overall, 75% of patients were negative for del(5q), and 80% of patients were negative for ring sideroblasts (RS). At diagnosis of LR-MDS, serum erythropoietin levels were < 200 U/L in 49% of patients, ≥ 200 U/L in 25%, and unknown in 26%. In terms of disease management, 35% of patients did not receive any systemic therapy or transfusions, 14% received RBC and/or platelet transfusions, but no systemic therapy for MDS, and 50% were reported to have received ≤ 2 lines of systemic therapy following LR-MDS diagnosis (Table). Of the 42% of patients who received an ESA, 70% received an ESA for MDS as a single agent (SA) only, 15% as combination therapy only, and 8% as both SA and combination therapy. A further 8% received SA ESA followed by a non-ESA-based regimen. Among 45 patients who received SA ESA as 1L treatment, 18% went on to receive a hypomethylating agent (HMA) or immunomodulatory imide drug as an SA, or ESA combined with HMA or a granulocyte or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF/GM-CSF) in a subsequent line. Among patients who received an ESA, 72% were still on ESA-based therapy at the time of data collection. Abstracting physicians reported that 17% of patients who received an ESA failed ESA treatment. Among these patients, physicians' determination of ESA failure was based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines/International Working Group 2006 response criteria for 78% of patients, and on physicians' own clinical judgement for 22%. At data collection, ESA was still being administered to 22% of patients considered to have failed ESA treatment. Finally, 34% of those who received an ESA also received RBC transfusion(s) during ESA-based treatment and therefore were not transfusion independent for the entire duration of ESA-based treatment (Table). Conclusions: Results from this real-world cohort study indicate that over a third of patients with LR-MDS have been managed using watchful waiting only, with no systemic treatment or transfusions received; among those patients who received treatment, most received an ESA. Nearly one-fifth of patients in this study treated with an ESA were considered to have failed ESA treatment by abstracting physicians, though this proportion is likely to be higher with extended follow-up; 2 of 9 patients who failed ESA treatment were still receiving an ESA. Further research including longer follow-up is warranted to understand how patients with LR-MDS respond to different treatment regimens. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Zimmerman Savill: Cardinal Health: Current Employment; Roche/Genentech: Ended employment in the past 24 months. Gajra: Cardinal Health: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Price: Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Kish: Cardinal Health: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Research Funding. Brown-Bickerstaff: Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Falkenstein: Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Miller: Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Laney: Cardinal Health: Current Employment. Mukherjee: Acceleron: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research/Independent Contractor, Research Funding; McGraw Hill: Honoraria, Other: Editor of Hematology Oncology Board Review (ongoing); Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Research/Independent Contractor, Research Funding; AbbVie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AAMDS in Joint Partnership with Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute: Honoraria; Eusa Pharma: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Teaching and Speaking; Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Bristol-Myers Squibb Co.: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BioPharm: Consultancy; Partnership for Health Analytic Research: Honoraria; Blueprint Medicines: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

Introduction: In both high and low income countries, life span in sickle cell disease (SCD) is increasing and quality of life is improving. Recent research activities have focused on decreasing SCD-related morbidities. However, limited research has been done on clinical epidemiology of priapism, sexual dysfunction and libido in men with SCD. As part of our ongoing Priapism in Nigeria (PIN) cohort to assess knowledge gap in clinical epidemiology of priapism and sexual dysfunction in men with SCD, we tested the hypothesis that sexual dysfunction is high in men with SCD compared to age/race matched men without SCD. Methods: We utilized a mixed method study design (cross-sectional survey and focus group discussions) in men, aged 18-40 years, with confirmed SCD and men without SCD as comparators for the survey. Participants were recruited from the adult sickle cell clinic and general outpatients department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH) and Murtala Mohammed Specialists Hospital (MMSH) in Kano, Nigeria from February to July 2019. Priapism is defined as a purposeless painful erection, unrelated to sexual desire; and mostly occurs in the stuttering or recurrent ischemic form, which lasts less than 4 hours. We used the validated International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire to assess erectile dysfunction in this population. Additionally, we conducted 6 focus group discussions in Nigeria (3 sessions) and United States (3 sessions), respectively; in which we asked open ended questions about symptoms, experiences, beliefs and life impacts of priapism. Data were presented as means ± standard deviation or proportions with 95% Confidence Intervals. The t-test and Chi square test were used to compare demographic data. Similarly, domain-specific scores, which included: 1) erectile function, 2) sexual desire, 3) orgasmic function, 4) overall satisfaction with sex life, and 5) intercourse satisfaction- were compared between the two groups using t-test; where higher scores indicate better sexual function. Erectile domain was further sub-classified into normal (26-30), mild ED (22-25), mild-moderate ED (17-21), moderate ED (11-16) and severe ED (0-10). We considered alpha level of significance to be <0.05. The focus group data was analyzed using an iterative inductive/deductive approach. Results: A total of 353 men with SCD and 250 men without SCD were evaluated; for the demographic features the only significant difference was in monthly income (p 0.007) with SCD being higher, table 1. The prevalence of any priapism episode (major or stuttering) in men with and without SCD was 31.72% (112 of 353) and 2% (5 of 250). Among men with SCD, 25.9% (29 of 112) and 74.1% (83 of 112) had major and stuttering priapism episodes, respectively. Based on the IIEF, the men with SCD when compared to men without SCD had significantly lower total mean scores (24.9 vs 29.6, p 0.0002), erectile function (9.9 vs 11.5, p 0.005), sexual desire (5.8 vs 7.1, p<0.0001), and overall satisfaction with sex life (2.3 vs 3.5, p<0.0001). No significant difference in orgasmic function (p=0.29) and intercourse satisfaction (p=0.12) was observed. Among the married men with and without SCD, 55% (21 of 38) and 84% (22 of 26) had normal erectile function, and 26.3% (10 of 38) and 11.5% (3 of 26) had severe erectile dysfunction, respectively. Based on the data from our focus groups with a total of 28 and 7 participants (n=35), in Nigeria and United States respectively, we were guided by biopsychosocial and socio-ecological models to develop a conceptual framework (not shown). We identified themes on cultural context, priapism (triggers, schema, episodes and coping strategies), emotional and sexual function impacts, with respective quotes (results not shown). Conclusions: In the largest cross-sectional and qualitative study of priapism in men with SCD to date, we demonstrated that priapism and sexual dysfunction are significant cause of morbidity when compared to men without SCD. Married participants with SCD have 2-fold greater proportion of severe erectile dysfunction than those without SCD. Our qualitative results revealed tremendous impact of priapism and sexual dysfunction in men with SCD. Participants with priapism experience shame, anxiety and depression, and declined sexual function. There was diversity in causal attribution and coping strategies of priapism. Disclosures Idris: Fogarty International Center: Research Funding.

Language skills are essential for early childhood, being able to speak clearly and process speech sounds, understand others, express ideas, and interact with others are the building blocks for a child's development. Therefore, this study will examine the effect of the Inside Outside Circle (IOC) instructional strategies with media images on children's language skills. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a posttest only and using a control group. The sample in this study were children in two kindergartens in the village of Banjar Tegal. Data analysis in this study was carried out by quantitative descriptive methods using t-test analysis techniques. The results of this study in kindergarten students in Banjar Tegal Village show that there is an influence of the IOC learning model with picture media on children's language skills (tcount = 6.28> ttable = 2.00). This shows that language skills achieved by groups of children participating in learning with the IOC model with drawing media are better than groups of children who attend learning without the IOC model. The implication is that further research is expected to develop other aspects of child devel- opment through the IOC model. Keywords: Children Language skills, Image media, Inside-Outside Circle Instructional Strategies Reference: Afrida, Ni., & Mahriza, R. (2019). Visual and Cognitive Media : The Language Acquisition of Children With Dyslexia in Aceh. IJLRES - International Journal on Language , Research and Education Studies, 3(1), 112–126. https://doi.org/10.30575/2017/IJLRES-2019010409 Al Otaiba, S., & Fuchs, D. (2006). Who are the young children for whom best practices in reading are ineffective? An experimental and longitudinal study. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(5), 414–431. https://doi.org/10.1177/00222194060390050401 Asrifan, A. (2015). 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Jurnal English Language Teaching (ELT), 1(2), 17–29. Walter, O., Gil-Glazer, Y., & Eilam, B. (2019). ‘Photo-words’: promoting language skills using photographs. Curriculum Journal, 30(3), 298–321. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2019.1568270 Zenkov, K., Ewaida, M., Bell, A., & Lynch, M. (2012). Seeing How to Ask First: Photo Elicitation Motivates English Language Learners to Write: Photos Prompt Middle Grades English Language Learners to Reflect upon and Write about Their Lives. Middle School Journal, 44(2), 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2012.11461842 Zulminiati, & Hartati, S. (2019). Significant Sensory Stimulation Program Through the Use of Flash Card as Media of Toddler Language Development at Pre-Kindergarten. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 293(Nfeic 2018), 168–171. https://doi.org/10.2991/nfeic-18.2019.35

Aim/Purpose: In this study, the authors examine how an online word processing tool can be used to encourage participation among students of different language back-grounds, including English Language Learners. To be exact, the paper discusses whether student participation in anonymous collaborative writing via Google Docs can lead to more successful products in a linguistically diverse eighth-grade English Language Arts classroom. Background: English Language Learners (ELLs) make up a considerable portion of elementary and secondary public school students, as language and ethnic diversity has become the norm in the United States. The research literature finds that ELLs are statistically behind their monolingual peers on such key language and academic development indicators as writing. Educators and researchers then turn to collaborative writing with the assistance of online technology. Although it is shown in literature to be a worthwhile endeavor for students of all ages and ability levels, no studies have investigated the differences it makes, namely, in comparison to traditional face-to-face collaboration in the classroom, and to anonymous online collaboration in the virtual space. Methodology: Through face-to-face, online, and anonymous writing activities, a rubric, and a survey, this quantitative study asks if anonymous collaborative writing, com-pared to other modalities, equalizes participation among students of varying language fluencies, and if anonymous collaborative writing, compared to other modalities, affect student comfort levels. Contribution: This builds on research of online collaborative writing tools and suggests that using such tools (Google Docs in particular) is beneficial, especially for students who are building their language abilities. The study further reveals varied degree of success and student comfort level in participating writing tasks in three modalities. Findings: We ascertain that students of varying language fluencies participated more equally when they were able to remain anonymous. Face-to-face writing exhibited the highest overall scores, and students enjoyed working on Google Docs. Recommendations for Practitioners: Future and current teachers are encouraged to be open to new technologies and be creative in the use of technology to facilitate student learning. They should have the opportunity to participate in the discussion on how, not if, integrating technology impacts the cognitive, social, and cultural dimensions of teaching. Recommendation for Researchers: After this initial quantitative study on students’ reactions to various modalities of technology-supported writing formats, the next questions to ask may be how students were engaging in dialogues during face-to-face sessions or chat features of Google Docs trials, and what types of edits students are making. Researchers should turn their focus on secondary school classrooms where there is an increasing impact of technology-assisted collaborative writing on student learning and teaching pedagogy. Impact on Society: As online technology has become an integral part of daily life, it is beneficial to educators, policy makers, and classroom teachers to understand how technology can be integrated in writing programs and to what extent the integration can help boost student motivation and participation. Future Research: More longitudinal research on online assisted collaborative writing and addi-tional quantitative data are needed to further understand the complexities of the writing process in-group online writing and the nature of collaboration.

Background: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) developing in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) has been reported infrequently in case studies to date (1). Prevalent thought relates its infrequency to the shortened life expectancy in the SCD population. However, with advancements in medical care, longevity of these patients has been increasing. Resultingly, risk factors for CML related to their disease and its treatments may accumulate, including chronic inflammation, heightened cell turnover, iron overload, immunomodulation from frequent transfusions, blood and marrow transplantation, and hydroxyurea use (2,3). Most specifically, the elevated and continuous inflammatory cell stimulation due to vaso-occlusion may enhance changes in granulocytic cell differentiation, increasing the risk for CML (3). By leveraging a nationwide database, we aim to describe characteristics associated with the development of CML in SCD patients. Methods: Hospitalizations for SCD and CML were identified using ICD-10 coding from the 2020 National Inpatient Sample (NIS). Those hospitalizations with a co-diagnosis of SCD and CML were included in this study, and further evaluated for demographics, comorbidities, transfusion status, length of stay, mortality, and charges during admission. The NIS is the largest all-payer inpatient database in the US and approximates a 20% stratified sample of inpatient discharges from &gt;5000 hospitals across 48 states (98% of U.S. population). Sampling weights were applied to generate nationally representative estimates. Results: In the 2020 NIS sample upon weighting, there were 60 hospitalizations with a co-diagnosis of SCD and CML. The vast majority of these patients presented with active CML (92%) and in sickle cell crisis (83%). Overall, half of the sample comprised those patients who were between the ages of 29.5-49 years old, with a median age of 40.5. Fifty percent (n=30) of the hospitalizations were female; 92% (n=55) were African American; 58% were hospitalized in the Southern region; 25% in the West, and 17% in the Northeastern United States. The majority of hospitalizations (92%) occurred in teaching hospitals and 83% were in large-bed size hospitals. Common comorbidities were similar to that expected in the general SCD population, including history of transient ischemic attack (42%), history of pulmonary embolism/venous thromboembolism (42%), chronic kidney disease (33%), anemia (33%), and pulmonary hypertension (33%). Seventeen percent of patients had a transfusion during the hospitalization (n=15). The mean length of stay among these hospitalizations was 4.25 days. There were no deaths during these hospitalizations. Mean charges during hospitalization were $53,973. Conclusion: Previously observed in rare case studies, here we present an exploratory analysis from a national inpatient database demonstrating a population of 60 adult patients with SCD and a co-diagnosis of CML. Specifically, we observe concomitant development of CML in the SCD patient population correlated with a younger age (median age 40.5) than expected compared to traditional CML patients (median age 64). There is some evidence to suggest that chronic inflammation associated with sickle cell with extended life expectancies and treatment burden may be associated with myeloid cancers. These studies will need to be followed up with prospective analyses to investigate a potential increased risk of CML in the SCD population. Literature Cited: 1. Chen L et al., Chronic myelogenous leukemia in sickle cell anemia. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129(3):423-424. doi:10.5858/2005-129-423-CMLISC 2. Brunson A et al., Increased risk of leukemia among sickle cell disease patients in California. Blood. 2017;130(13):1597-1599. doi:10.1182/blood-2017-05-78323. 3. Stankovic et al., Chronic myeloid leukaemia and sickle cell disease: could imatinib prevent vaso-occlusive crisis?. Br J Haematol. 2011;155(2):271-272. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2011.08670.x

Ocean literacy is currently at the forefront of the development of the notion of marine environmental sustainability. It is critical to compare ocean literacy ideas in curriculum standards. Comics Convey various messages of maritime insight content on integrated, contextual, and meaningful learning. This study aims to design STEAM (to R-SLAMET; Religion, Science, Literacy, Art, Math, Engineer, and Technology) learning that contains ocean literacy messages in a comic media. Through the qualitative research method with study case type, researchers seek to aid early childhood education (ECE) educators in designing R-SLAMET learning through the media to overcome maritime cultural literacy problems. The participants of this study consisted of three educators and 43 children. The findings show that the natural play experience of early childhood can be a source of inspiration to find ocean literacy through R-SLAMET learning activities. Contextual play by children becomes a reference for designing comic-based R-SLAMET learning. Comic media can integrate R-SLAMET learning in improving children's ocean literacy. Keywords: children ocean literacy, comic media, STEAM to R-SLAMET learning design References: Arthur, J. (1990). Cultural Literacy. College English, 52(3), 281–281. JSTOR. https://doi.org/10.2307/377758 Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (2015). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Ravenio Books. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=KCTrCgAAQBAJ Castek, E. J., Hagerman, M. S., Woodard, R., Bonine, K., Coiro, J., Graville, C., Jordan, M., Mencher, R., Olivares, M., Smith, B. E., Stornaiuolo, A., Sult, L., Tan, E., Tucker-raymond, E., & Wen, W. (2019). Principles for Equity-centered Design of STEAM Learning-through-Making. 34–35. Chang, C.-C., Hirenkumar, T. C., & Wu, C.-K. (2021). The Concept of Ocean Sustainability in Formal Education—Comparative Ocean Literacy Coverage Analysis of the Educational Standards of India and the USA. Sustainability, 13(8), 4314. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13084314 Chujan, W., Kilenthong, W. T., Patricia, A., Robert, J., Richard, C., Charles, D., John, D., Jere, E., Leslie, A., Jerome, S., Robert, C., Bancroft, K., Lee, J., Carol, S., Lees, N., Mills, R., Haley, S., Eleanor, E., Robert, P., … Erden, F. T. (2019). An early evaluation of a HighScope-based curriculum intervention in rural Thailand. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(103), 17–25. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.604939 Creswell, J. W. (2015). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (Fifth edition). Pearson. Fortner, R. W., & Mayer, V. J. (1989). Marine and aquatic education – a challenge for science educators. Science Education, 73(2), 135–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730730203 Hapidin, Gunarti, W., Pujianti, Y., & Siti Syarah, E. (2020). STEAM to R-SLAMET Modification: An Integrative Thematic Play Based Learning with R-SLAMETS Content in Early Child-hood Education. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 14(2), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.05 Hapidin, Nurjannah, S. H. (Universitas N. J. (2018). Pengembangan Model Pembelajaran Tematik Seribu. Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(Marine Education), 51–65. https://doi.org/10.21009/JPUD.121 Hartley, B. L., Thompson, R. C., & Pahl, S. (2015). Marine litter education boosts children’s understanding and self-reported actions. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 90(1), 209–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.10.049 Hawthorne, M., & Alabaster, T. (1999). Citizen 2000: Development of a model of environmental citizenship. Global Environmental Change, 9(1), 25–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0959-3780(98)00022-3 Hermawanti, O., & Susilaningsih, S. (2020). Development of Educational Comic Media Based on PowerPoint Class III Indonesian Language Content. Elementary School Teacher, 4(2), 5. https://doi.org/10.15294/est.v4i2.29027 Hidayat, S., & Ridwan. (2017). Kebijakan poros maritim dan keamanan nasional indonesia: Tantangan dan harapan. Pertahanan & Bela Negara, 7(3), 107–121. Koutníková, M. (2018). The Application of Comics in Science Education. Acta Educationis Generalis, 7(3), 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1515/atd-2017-0026 Melliou, K., Moutafidou, A., & Bratitsis, T. (2014). Digital Comics Use to Develop Thinking Dispositions in Early Childhood Education. 2014 IEEE 14th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies, 502–504. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICALT.2014.148 Mogias, A., Boubonari, T., Realdon, G., Previati, M., Mokos, M., Koulouri, P., & Cheimonopoulou, M. Th. (2019). Evaluating Ocean Literacy of Elementary School Students: Preliminary Results of a Cross-Cultural Study in the Mediterranean Region. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6, 396. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00396 Mokos, M., Realdon, G., & Zubak Čižmek, I. (2020). How to Increase Ocean Literacy for Future Ocean Sustainability? The Influence of Non-Formal Marine Science Education. Sustainability, 12(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410647 Ntobuo, N. E., Arbie, A., & Amali, L. N. (2018). The Development of Gravity Comic Learning Media Based on Gorontalo Culture. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(2), 246–251. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i2.14344 Oliver, K. L. (1998). A Journey into Narrative Analysis: A Methodology for Discovering Meanings. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17(2), 244–259. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.17.2.244 Pramitasari, M., Yetti, E., & Hapidin, H. (2018). Pengembangan Media Sliding Book Untuk Pengenalan Sains Kehidupan (Life Science) Kelautan Untuk Anak Usia 6-7 Tahun. JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini, 12(2), 281–290. https://doi.org/10.21009/jpud.122.09 Puspitorini, R., Prodjosantoso, A. K., Subali, B., & Jumadi, J. (2017). Penggunaan Media Komik Dalam Pembelajaran Ipa Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Dan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Dan Afektif. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v3i3.2385 Rahmatullah, R., Inanna, I., Rakib, M., Mustari, M., & Rabania, R. (2020). Developing Tematic Economic Comic with Characters for Early Childhood. Journal of Educational Science and Technology (EST), 293–300. https://doi.org/10.26858/est.v6i3.14949 Rina, N., Suminar, J. R., Damayani, N. A., & Hafiar, H. (2020). Character education based on digital comic media. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(3), 107–127. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v14i03.12111 Santoro, F., Santin, S., Gail, S., Fauville, G., & Tuddenham, P. (2017). Ocean Literacy for All; A toolkit. UNESCO United Nations Educational. Steel, B. S., Smith, C., Opsommer, L., Curiel, S., & Warner-Steel, R. (2005). Public ocean literacy in the United States. Ocean & Coastal Management, 48(2), 97–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.01.002 Syarah, E. S., Yetti, E., Fridani, L., Yufiarti, Hapidin, & Pupala, B. (2019). Electronic comics in elementary school science learning for marine conservation. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 8(4), 500–511. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v8i4.19377 Tatalovic, M. (2009). Science comics as tools for science education and communication: A brief, exploratory study. Journal of Science Communication, 8(4). Tuddenham, P., Schoedinger, S., Cava, F., & Strang, C. (2005). Science Content and Standards for Ocean Literacy: A Report on Ocean Literacy. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.12126.84804 Visbeck, M. (2018). Ocean science research is key for a sustainable future. Nature Communications, 9(1), 690. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03158-3 Yulianti, D., Khanafiyah, S., & Sulistyorini, S. (2016). Inquiry-Based Science Comic Physics Series Integrated with Character Education. 7. Yunandar, Y. (2018). Budaya Bahari Dam Tradisi Nelayan di Indonesia. Sabda: Jurnal Kajian Kebudayaan, 1(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.14710/sabda.v1i1.13243

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Este estudio analiza las percepciones de mejoría en el español y de conocimiento cultural de los participantes en un programa de ayudantes de inglés, Auxiliares de Conversación, mientras trabajaron en escuelas primarias y secundarias en varias regiones de España. Los participantes provenían de varios países anglófonos, entre ellos los Estados Unidos, el Reino Unido, Canadá, Nueva Zelanda, Australia. Varios participantes rellenaron encuestas a través de internet para evaluar su crecimiento lingüístico y cultural durante el programa, experiencia en los centros educativos y alojamiento. Además, plantearon varias sugerencias para el programa para futuros auxiliares y profesores. Seis auxiliares fueron entrevistados sobre los mismos temas en mayor profundidad.