Journal articles on the topic 'Life and times of a very british man'
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1
Ferguson, Frank. "Northern Soulscapes: Writing through Brexit in the work of Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham and Dara McAnulty." Porównania 30, no. 3 (December 27, 2021): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/por.2021.3.3.
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At a time of when the global crises of pandemic and climate change could be said to offer sufficient challenges to life in the British and Irish Isles, the implementation of Brexit provides a further gargantuan difficulty. Borders, bureaucracies and belief systems dissolve like the certainty that subjects once felt to their connection to states or Unions. Or new borders and systems appear, bringing with them unwieldy new protocols and practices. Shelves empty, goods sit locked in containers; caught up in the holding pattern of another new normal of online retail inertia. Dislocation, fear and anger rise. The epicentre of the Brexit shambles can be said to be located in the ever betwixt and between location of Northern Ireland. Here with its newly imposed sea border with Great Britain and its maintenance of European Union relations with the Republic of Ireland we see a fractured and fractious society struggling as ever to come to terms with how to balance the aspiration of opposing ideologies and national ambitions with an additional level of chaos. In a time of catastrophe what can literature do? This question, often posed during “The Troubles” has very much come back to be painfully reiterated to writers, readers and critics at a time of multiple lockdowns. However, if an examination is made of publishing in Ireland in the last couple of years, we see a buoyant press offering a number of intriguing responses to the significance and efficacy of literature to respond to the current human predicament. In this article I will examine the work of three contemporary writers, Gerald Dawe, Angela Graham, and Dara McAnulty. I will argue that their use of genre (memoir, short story, nature diary) provides a fresh and robust response to the chaotic present of Northern Irish political life. In their separate ways they contest the fixed, static and impermeable political echo chamber of Northern Ireland. Dawe, I contend, seeks a means through his autobiographical work to retrace time and space in the history of the province and articulate alternative ways of interpreting the past. He is able to draw sustenance and restoration from often overlooked times of possibility in his own and the wider story of Belfast. In Graham’s case, I would suggest that her bold and assertive first collection of short stories provides an acerbic and raw inspection of the past but one that also provides glimpses of reconciliation and genuine hope in the face of trauma. I conclude by exploring the work of McAnulty. Ostensibly a diary that traces his engagements with nature, his book is a tour de force that reimagines Ireland as a location gripped in the ravages of the Anthropocene startlingly brought to life by a young man faced with the challenges of autism. Part memoir, part praise poem to nature, it is a remarkable coming of age non-fiction work, which along with Dawe’s and Graham’s writing suggests that Northern Irish literature offers a broad and brilliant retort to the current local and global calamities that we face.
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Yates, I. R. "Sir Frederick William Page CBE FREng. 20 February 1917 — 29 May 2005." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 52 (January 2006): 231–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2006.0017.
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Sir Frederick Page was all round the most able member of the British aeronautical industry, a man of exceptional ability and integrity. Promoted rapidly in early life, he developed into a very progressive and innovative company manager, mastering all aspects as the industry went through a succession of painful mergers. Finally, as Chief Executive of the Aircraft Group of British Aerospace he developed very perceptive industrial strategies with excellent financial and risk management. The sum total of his contribution to the British aerospace community over a period of 45 years until his retirement in 1983 was greater than that of any other individual.
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Chen, Zhaohe. "THE ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT AND ENLIGHTENMENT –THE “UNITY BETWEEN HEAVEN AND MAN”." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 12 (December 31, 2015): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i12.2015.2886.
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In the process of the development of more than five thousand years, the Chinese nation has created a glorious history of civilization, gradually forms the traditional values with The “Unity between Heaven and Man” as the core. It systematically expounds the relationship among “Heaven, Earth and Man”, establishing the ecological concept that “Heaven, Earth and Man” must be in harmonious coexistence, “Humanity” must abide by “Providence”, and Man must treat Nature with the heart of “benevolence”. It is a kind of brand-new universe view, world view, life view and moral values, and also a kind of lofty ideals pursued by the human society since ancient times. It has very important practical significance and enlightened function for the construction of contemporary ecological civilization, and the maintenance of human overall interests.
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Prysuhin, Sergiy. "The phenomenon of human death in the light of the teachings of the Second Vatican Council (Christian-theological vision of the problem)." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 66 (February 26, 2013): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2013.66.295.
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It is known that modern philosophy understands death as a denial of the reality of life (human being) and, on the contrary, the establishment of non-being. Death fixes the existence of specific manifestations of life on Earth (nature, society, man as an individual). For a long time (from ancient culture to modern times), the explanation of the phenomenon of human death was dominated by a religious point of view, which presented death not as an end but as a prerequisite for the further transformation of life (immortality). In the future, we present the very Christian-theological vision of the problem.
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M, Kayalvizhy. "Biological virtue embodied in Mayuram Munsif Vedanayakar's book of justice." Indian Journal of Tamil 3, no. 2 (May 19, 2022): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54392/ijot2223.
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Morality is one of the fundamentals of human life. It is this morality that separates man and animals. When an individual is ethical, the society and country that are dependent to him become moral. But human beings do not follow the moral code at all times and in all circumstances. Murder, robbery, rape, alcohol, prostitution, lying, and fraud have been indelibly imprinted on mankind since time immemorial. Our forefathers have long sought to make man aware of their evils and to bring him to the right path. In that sense Munseep Mayuram Vedanayakam Pillai (1826-1889 AD) wrote a book of justice, that was a magnificent book that taught the Tamils the morals of human life. He is the celebrated son of Goddess Tamil. He was the great person who introduced new literary techniques in the world of Tamil literature after the arrival of the British. Until today, it seems that whole-hearted recognition has not been bestowed for the contributions he has made Goddess Tamil. The reason for this is still not understood till today. The book of justice written by that great person with social concern is a wonderful book that teaches the Tamils, social morals, virtues and well-being. This article explores the virtues of human life that it embodies.
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McCaskie, Tom. "‘History has many cunning passages’: Kwasi Apea Nuama between the Asante and the British." Africa 88, no. 2 (May 2018): 222–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972017000894.
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AbstractThis article, a companion piece to that on Kwame Tua, traces the life history of his elder full brother Kwasi Apea Nuama (c.1862–1936) as he too sought purchase and place in the new colonial order in Asante. Temperamentally a very different man from his brother, Kwasi Apea Nuama set out to make himself indispensable as the interpreter of Asante history and custom to the uncomprehending British. Both brothers, then, were mediators or translators between the old and new worlds in which they found themselves. Their heyday was the often anarchic early colonial period. Thereafter, and most especially after the British restored the office and some of the prerogatives of Asante kingship, their influence fell away. They found themselves caught between a colonial order that had little further need of their services, and a restored Asante polity that demonized them as collaborators.
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Buisman, Jan Wim. "Onweer." De Moderne Tijd 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2020): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/dmt2020.3-4.006.buis.
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Abstract Thunderstorms A disaster, a divine punishment, or a sublime spectacle? Thunderstorms often had disastrous consequences in former times, especially when gun powder magazines were struck. After the invention and implementation of Franklin’s lightning rod, the interpretation of these disasters as divine punishments seemed less obvious. Technology and science changed relations between the concepts of God, nature, and man. Very generally speaking, a religion of fear gave way to a religion of love. Nature was considered less a menace than a friend, a shift subtly foreshadowing the Romantic period. Put in more safe life conditions, man tended to hold more optimistic views of himself and dared to play artistically even with dangerous, sublime subjects such as thunderstorms.
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Stack, John A. "Catholic Members of Parliament who Represented British Constituencies, 1829–1885: A Prosopographical Analysis." Recusant History 24, no. 3 (May 1999): 335–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034193200002557.
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In an 1885 article on ‘Roman Catholics and Parliamentary Representation,’ The Times suggested ‘it is a strange thing that although the Catholic Emancipation Bill was passed in 1829, very few members of that faith have succeeded in holding seats for English constituencies.’ During the past few decades a number of historians have published important studies of the electoral influence of Catholics in the nineteenth century, but most of these works have paid little attention to the Catholics who were Members of Pariliament. But any attempt to understand the Catholic contribution to public life in the nineteenth century surely requires an analysis of the Catholic M.P.s.
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Szymkowska-Bartyzel, Jolanta. "Successful Against All Odds? – Margaret Fuller: The Self-Made Woman in the Nineteenth Century." Ad Americam 19 (February 8, 2019): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/adamericam.19.2018.19.10.
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Margaret Fuller was an American philosopher, writer, journalist and one of the first gender theorists. The article examines Fuller’s work and life in the context of 19th century American culture and social determinants influencing women’s lives. From a very early age, Fuller perceived her role in society different from the role designed for her as a biological girl by the cultural model of the times she lived in. The article focuses on Fuller’s achievements in the context of the self-made man/woman concept.
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Christodoulou, I., F. Tsiompanou, N. Peitsidis, G. Dounias, I. Tsakiridis, V. Kelesidou, and A. Paraskevas. "The very special way of eating for a man with a very short bowel syndrome and an ileostomy." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.531.
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Aim of this study is to present the extraordinary case of a 45-year-old man with very short bowel syndrome and ileostomy, who is currently engaged in a long hospitalization module of life because of the constant need for parenteral nutrition which he has developed due to Crohn's disease treatments. Case presentation: A Russian young man, with low education, a borderline intellectual functioning and a low socio-economic status, was operated numerous times due to breakouts of Crohn's disease. For the last year, he stays mostly in the hospital. Practically he needs constant intravenous parenteral nutrition due to his very short bowel syndrome, otherwise he cannot live outside the hospital. The patient was advised by his surgeon to eat any kind of food but had the limitation to drink not more than 500 ml of water per day, (the rest of water was taken IV). During the first months, the patient seemed willing to do anything needed, but when he started to get tired, he started to drink more than 2 litres of water per day, ignoring his doctor's advice. One of his main problems was that he was able to see that eggs, meat and other food he was eating were very soon appearing in the ileostomy bag and this led him to think that he would die soon. Neither the patient himself nor his wife and relatives asked for help from supervisory bodies of the National Health System and are not at all aware of his need for transplantation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Wilson, Fiona. "May the best man win." Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal 33, no. 4 (May 13, 2014): 361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/edi-11-2013-0095.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how female bank lenders are locked into a position of disadvantage in a UK bank. The work of Bourdieu is used to explore women's position of disadvantage and inequality. As Bourdieu helps us predict, the women are symbolically constructed as different, and face different problems to men. Women's social capital is not perceived as the same as men's. Design/methodology/approach – The research method involved preliminary research interviews with seven key senior staff in the bank followed by focus group discussions with 35 male and female bank loan officers on bank premises within a nine-month period. Six focus groups were held – three with men and three with women in four British cities – London, Manchester, Bristol and Edinburgh. All the interviews were tape-recorded and analysed. The participants were told that the discussion was completely confidential, and that we were interested in the role gender played in entrepreneurial and corporate life. Findings were verified by taking them back to a selection of those who had been involved in the focus groups. Findings – The findings show how the power dynamics are played out within the immediate workplace environment and influenced by the wider macro systems of society. The women differed in their views as to whether gender mattered. Despite the evident inequities these women face, some wished to deny or resist being seen as unequal or wanted to acknowledge inequity. The paper explains how and why this might be the case. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited by its sample size to 35 bank loan officers. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates some of the difficulties faced by those who wish to implement equality of opportunity in the face of women's denial of inequality. Social implications – The paper clearly illustrates the difficulties and challenges faced by female bank loan officers in banking. Originality/value – This paper discusses the subjective experience of equality, inequality and exclusion among female bankers showing how they are not a homogenous group, as they say they experience equality/inequality differently. These women face ideological dilemmas that are not widely discussed in the research literature. It is very unlikely that as a divided, heterogeneous group who find themselves in a very small minority in this bank, that greater equality for them is likely to come about.
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Holm, Nils. "Mysticism and spirituality." Scripta Instituti Donneriani Aboensis 21 (January 1, 2009): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30674/scripta.67344.
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How does the popular correspond to the grand terms of the title? Are not mysticism and spirituality something very exclusive, reserved for a few individuals? No they are not, as this presentation of both the author's own studies and the research of others will provide a different picture of these two concepts. Mysticism and spirituality are notions that are very difficult to define. Traditionally mysticism has been regarded as a way to reach the inner dimensions of human life, dimensions where man even achieves unity with the Divine Being. Such traditions have been found in all the major religions, and since the times of William James a hundred years ago, the features of mysticism in various religions have been analysed. Spirituality is a concept that can hold various meanings. It has often been associated with religious traditions where inner life and its growth are emphasized. These include, in particular, various schools, orders and movements that aim at cultivating a deeper spiritual life. In its more recent use, the term spirituality has, to a fairly large extent, been dissociated from religion and has become a notion that seeks to grasp the searching of modern man for ethics and norms in a globalised world, where pollution is accelerating and where stress and entertainment disrupt the inner harmony of people.
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Mondal, Sharleen. "WHITENESS, MISCEGENATION, AND ANTI-COLONIAL REBELLION IN RUDYARD KIPLING’S THE MAN WHO WOULD BE KING." Victorian Literature and Culture 42, no. 4 (September 19, 2014): 733–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150314000278.
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In 1827, Josiah Harlan, a Quaker from Chester County, Pennsylvania, set up camp just south of the border of the Punjab region of India. He rummaged up a ragtag army of Muslim, Hindu, Afghan, and Akali Sikh mercenaries, and with Old Glory flying above him, he and his army started their journey, along with a caravan of saddle horses, camels, carriage cattle, and a royal mace bearer to announce the coming of the would-be American king. With Alexander the Great's march through the same lands twenty-one centuries earlier very much on his mind (Macintyre 40), Harlan set out – under the auspices of restoring the exiled Afghan monarch Shah Shujah to the throne – determined to win power and fame for himself. Disguising himself as a Muslim holy man and at times using brute force, he crossed the Afghan border and ultimately became the Prince of Ghor under secret treaty (227). By 1839, loyal not to Shah Shujah but to his enemy, Dost Mohammed Khan, Harlan returned to his Kabul home to find that the British had seized his property “by right of conquest” (252). Harlan left Kabul, fully intending to return and reclaim his princely title. Once back in the United States, Harlan proposed various schemes to the U.S. government (for which he would be the emissary, of course), including an Afghanistan-U.S. camel trade and grape trade, neither of which succeeded. Harlan penned a memoir that the British lambasted – unsurprisingly, for it sharply criticized the British presence in Afghanistan. In 1862, at the age of sixty-two, with no formal rank or U.S. military experience, Harlan became the colonel of Harlan's Light Cavalry, fighting on the side of the Union in the Civil War (Macintyre 275). Too weak to perform his duties, he left the army the same year, wandered the U.S. aimlessly, and died in 1871, buried “after a funeral without mourners” (286).
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Jurkiewicz, Jerzy. "Kiedy w starożytności rozpoczynała się starość?" Vox Patrum 56 (December 15, 2011): 185–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4215.
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When does man begin to be old: when he is sixty, sixty-five and perhaps seventy? Nothing is more uncertain than the beginning of the old age. Is man`s age the matter of his heart, brain, mood, or chronological time? In the ancient world, there was no clear understanding regarding the beginning of the old age. We have different classifications of the stages of human life, but there was no specified year, which would mark the old age. It was a year between 46 and 60 years of age. Today the age of 46 is not the beginning of the old age. In the ancient world, life was much shorter, so it is not surprising that 46 years old was regarded as the beginning of old age. There were two trends in ancient Greece and Rome. One represented by Plato and Cicero: older people are wise, experienced, worthy of reverence and respect. The second trend represented by Aristotle: older people are quarrelsome, greedy, cowardly. The life of old people was different. The rich lived very well, but in general the old age in ancient times was a difficult time.
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Udoh, Emmanuel Williams. "Modern Religious Slavery in Nigeria: The Christian Perspective." PINISI Discretion Review 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/pdr.v4i1.14525.
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Gandhi's concept of nonviolence has a humanistic approach. He tried to change the very character of every Indian in the society where he lived. He said that man is basically a violent being, but gradually he can become non-violent if he desires. He recognizes that man is a conditional being and as such subject to the determination of the physical world. The ultimate end in man's life for Gandhi is realizing the Absolute. Pertinent to note that, Gandhi had spent quite some time in his tutelage in Southern Africa where his experiences impelled him to adopt non-violence as the only paradigm to overcome oppression and domination in his country India. British oppression and inhumanity were so severe and intensive that Gandhi was cautious about the use of violence, alternatively, he adopted non-violence to be the only imperative paradigm to dislodge the domination and inhumane treatment of the British against the Indians in South Africa. In this respect, I recommend Gandhi's non-violence principles as a fundamental paradigm towards peace in Africa. Peace in Africa is imperative for human and societal development especially as one sees Africa grappling with instabilities, insurgencies, terrorism, xenophobia, political upheavals, nepotism and gender agitations. In this article, I recognize Gandhi’s postulations on non-violence as an initiative which if adopted and its dictates are adhered to, could enhance peace in Africa.
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Ulafor, Onoh John. "Gandhi’s philosophy of non-violence: towards conflict resolution and peace in Africa." International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI) 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33750/ijhi.v3i2.75.
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Gandhi's concept of nonviolence has a humanistic approach. He tried to change the very character of every Indian in the society where he lived. He said that man is basically a violent being, but gradually he can become non-violent if he desires. He recognizes that man is a conditional being and as such subject to the determination of the physical world. The ultimate end in man's life for Gandhi is realizing the Absolute. Pertinent to note that, Gandhi had spent quite some time in his tutelage in Southern Africa where his experiences impelled him to adopt non-violence as the only paradigm to overcome oppression and domination in his country India. British oppression and inhumanity were so severe and intensive that Gandhi was cautious about the use of violence, alternatively, he adopted non-violence to be the only imperative paradigm to dislodge the domination and inhumane treatment of the British against the Indians in South Africa. In this respect, I recommend Gandhi's non-violence principles as a fundamental paradigm towards peace in Africa. Peace in Africa is imperative for human and societal development especially as one sees Africa grappling with instabilities, insurgencies, terrorism, xenophobia, political upheavals, nepotism, and gender agitations. In this article, I recognize Gandhi’s postulations on non-violence as an initiative which if adopted and its dictates are adhered to, could enhance peace in Africa.
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Chandler, David. "New Zealand in Great Famine Era Irish politics: The strange case of A Narrative of the Sufferings of Maria Bennett." Journal of New Zealand & Pacific Studies 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nzps_00068_1.
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A Narrative of the Sufferings of Maria Bennett, a crudely printed, eight-page pamphlet, was published in Dublin in spring 1846. It has been interpreted as an early fiction concerning New Zealand, or alternatively as a New Zealand ‘captivity narrative’, possibly based on the author’s own experiences. Against these readings, it is argued here that Maria Bennett, more concerned with Ireland than New Zealand, is a piece of pro-British propaganda hurried out in connection with the British Government’s ‘Protection of Life (Ireland) Bill’ ‐ generally referred to simply as the ‘Coercion Bill’ ‐ first debated on 23 February 1846. The Great Famine had begun with the substantial failure of Ireland’s staple potato crop in autumn 1845. This led to an increase in lawlessness, and the Government planned to combine its relief measures with draconian new security regulations. The story of Maria Bennett, a fictional young Irishwoman transported to Australia but shipwrecked in New Zealand, was designed to advertise the humanity of British law. Having escaped from the Māori, she manages to get to London, where she is pardoned by Sir James Graham, the Home Secretary, the man responsible for the Coercion Bill. New Zealand, imagined at the very beginning of the British colonial era, functions in the text as a dark analogy to Ireland, a sort of pristine example of the ‘savage’ conditions making British rule necessary and desirable in the first place. A hungry, lawless Ireland could descend to that level of uncivilization, unless, the propagandist urges, it accepts more British law.
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Trussler, Simon. "Remembering Arnold Wesker: Loose Connections from Left Field." New Theatre Quarterly 32, no. 4 (October 14, 2016): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x16000452.
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Arnold Wesker, who died in April 2016, denied having been an ‘angry young man’ and, though the cliché clung, he declared, ‘But I am an angry old man.’ In this memoir, Simon Trussler, while reflecting on causes for the anger, does not attempt an analysis of the life and works, but recollects the times when their shared interests and intentions brought them into contact, and explores some of the reasons why the youthful climb to a peak of success was followed by a slow decline not in output or activity but in the critical response to a writer perceived as having gone out of fashion. NTQ's former co-editor, the late Clive Barker, was closely involved with Wesker in the early Centre Forty-Two project and its aim to open wider access to the arts, while Trussler helped to initiate Wesker's later involvement in the International Theatre Institute. Other ‘loose connections’ with Wesker's life and career here flesh out the facts and received opinions of the formal obituaries. Simon Trussler was one of the founding editors of the old Theatre Quarterly , as later of New Theatre Quarterly. He conducted two major interviews with Wesker in the original TQ, both later reprinted in book form, and with Glenda Leeming co-authored the first full-length study of Wesker's plays (Gollancz, 1981). Among many other publications, he is author of the award-winning Cambridge Illustrated History of British Theatre (1994).
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Avakyan-Forer, Armina Genrikhovna. "Philosophical problems of economics in the Modern Era." Философская мысль, no. 6 (June 2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2022.6.38154.
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The economy has been an integral part of the life of all mankind since the most ancient times. The development of this science is directly related to the activities of people in a particular historical period. Various spheres and areas of life have undergone numerous changes under the influence of numerous factors, such as the formation of states, changes in political regimes, scientific discoveries and many others. Very few works are devoted to philosophical issues of Modern economics. As a result, the main concepts of socio-economic issues in the philosophical thought of the Modern era became the subject of the study. The author examines in detail the reasons and prerequisites for the formation of economic science. In Modern times, it is being formed into an autonomous system. Special attention is paid to the transformation of such basic economic categories as economy, labor, interests, and need. Economic problems during this period are permeated with a new philosophical meaning. The main conclusions of the philosophical analysis are the identification of new human relationships, both to himself and to society. There are new attitudes to man, to nature, to work, to trade, to wealth. Analyzing their contents, the author reveals a general idea of the nature of economic activity of this era. As a result, it turns out that the economic ideas of the philosophers of this period, in particular T. Hobbes, A. Smith and B. Mandeville, affect a number of very important aspects of the essence of man and influence the further development of economic theory as a whole. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that generalizing the ideas of philosophers about economic issues, the author combines them into three approaches.
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P, Kalaiselvan. "Thol tamil samugathil Palli Sol Keatal." International Research Journal of Tamil 3, S-1 (June 19, 2021): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt21s130.
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Different beliefs and practices are found in human life from birth to death. These beliefs are created by the people and are followed and protected by the mother’s community. Man has been living with nature since ancient times. Beliefs appeared in natural human life. Hope can be traced back to ancient Tamils and still prevails in Tamil Nadu today. The hope of seeing the omen in it is found all over the world. Proverbs show that people have faith in omens. Our ancestors wrote the book 'Gauli Shastri' because the lizard omen is very important in our society. The word lizard played a major role in Tamil life during the Sangam period. It is possible to know that people have lived by the benefit of the lizard. There is hope from the public that the sound of the lizard will predict what will happen next. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the lizard word that has been around for a long time in folklore.
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Jacobsen, Michael Hviid, and Anders Petersen. "The Return of Death in Times of Uncertainty—A Sketchy Diagnosis of Death in the Contemporary ‘Corona Crisis’." Social Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci9080131.
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For most parts of human history, death was an integral part of life, something that prehistoric and premodern man had no other option than to live with as best as possible. According to historians, death was familiar and tamed, it was at the center of social and cultural life. With the coming of modern secular society, death was increasingly sequestrated and tabooed, moved to the outskirts of society, made invisible and forbidden. Death became a stranger, and the prevalent attitude towards death was that of alienation. At the threshold of the 21st century, the topic of death again began to attract attention, becoming part of a revived death attitude described as ‘Spectacular Death’. In the article, the authors diagnose, analyze, and discuss the impact of the return of death during the current ‘Corona Crisis’, arguing that despite the fact that the concern with death is at the very core of the management of the crisis, death as such remains largely invisible. In order to provide such a diagnosis of the times, the authors initially revisit the prevailing death attitudes in the Western world from the Middle Ages to the present day.
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Kajtez, Ilija. "Saint Nicholai Velimirovich: Understanding of War and Peace." Nicholai Studies: International Journal for Research of Theological and Ecclesiastical Contribution of Nicholai Velimirovich I, no. 2 (July 26, 2021): 435–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.46825/nicholaistudies/ns.2021.1.2.435-474.
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Abstract: The author addresses two important issues in this paper. First, what is a man, and what makes a man great and globally-historically important? In the light of this issue, he writes about Saint Nicholai. The author asserts that the attributes of a great man are intellectual depth, the width of knowledge, the ability to reach God and ontological depths of the world, vails of time and historical human destiny through his action, creation, and writing. All men who are great deal with the issue of man, meaning of life, and inevitability of death. Great men dreamt of immortality in their own glorious ways. What is left behind these giants are permanent unsurpassed deeds and the power of ideas accepted in all ages. The author aims to highlight what makes a man great for his people and for humanity in total, and to what extent does St. Nicholai meet these strict and demanding conditions and criteria to be viewed as a great man; is he great for his people or even outside of these limits. In the second, main issue and part of the paper, the author examines the understanding of war and peace in Bishop Nicholai’s work War and the Bible. The focal point of the examination is the phenomenon of war and peace, and especially the perception of the Bishop’s biblical study of war and peace which differentiates his approach from many other approaches to the phenomenon of war. The theological perspective of the phenomenon of war and peace always implies that good and evil clash in war and peace, and that this conflict is planetary and omnipresent; some individuals are on the side of justness, providence, light, and sanctity of life, while others side with the dark line of life which signifies the rule of evil in our world. According to the author, war is God’s will, just as peace among men. Conflict and peace between nations, as well as spiritual harmony and dissonance in human souls, depend primarily on faith in the Lord. If one is in God’s grace victory is secure. We ought to be reminded of the Christian understanding that the support of all people to one man is futile if he stands against God — on the other hand, he fears nothing if the will of God is on his side, even if all people are against him. In his book, War and the Bible, Bishop Nicholai claims that even in modern times the Lord of Armies decides the victor of every war, just as it was in ancient times. He claims that in modern war, just like in old times, the sinfulness of nations and national leaders and deviation from God’s Laws inevitably brings defeat; in today’s wars, just like in ancient conflicts, justfulness of nations and their leaders brings victory. Bishop Nicholai’s key conclusion is that all wars, both ancient and modern, can only be understood and explained in a biblical light. He devoted his entire very valuable and useful work to this idea, over a hundred years ago.
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Nicol, D. M. "A Layman’s Ministry in the Byzantine Church: The Life of Athanasios of the Great Meteoron." Studies in Church History 26 (1989): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400010925.
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The line between things spiritual and things temporal, between religious and secular, was never very precisely drawn in the Byzantine world. It was not unusual that a man of affairs should be an erudite theologian, that a priest should be a a married man with a family, that a holy man should remain unordained, or that a layman should be appointed as Patriarch of Constantinople. Thirteen of the 122 Byzantine patriarchs were elevated from the laity, four of them in the eighth and ninth centuries. Among them were the Patriarch Tarasios in 784 and his formidably learned nephew Photios in 858, Neither was a priest. Both were high-ranking civil servants and scholars. The popes disapproved of this practice and said so rather forcibly in the case of Photios; but the Byzantines saw nothing odd in it. They continued, from time to time, to appoint a layman rather than a priest to the highest office in their Church. The tenth canon of the Council of Sardica in 343 had recommended that laymen should not be made bishops until they had been ordained and moved up the various rungs of the hierarchical ladder to the top. This, according to the later Greek canonists, required a minimum of seven days on each rung. In later times, Gregory of Cyprus, an admirable lay scholar and theologian, was ordained and elevated to the patriarchal throne in 1283, though he claims in his autobiography that he was ‘pushed’ on to it against his will. John XIII Glykys, who was made patriarch in 1315, had been a distinguished civil servant with an academic turn of mind and a teacher of philology. The facts of his preferment are outlined by his learned friend Nikephoros Gregoras. Not only was John amarried man with sons and daughters; he also suffered from an ailment which, his doctors declared, required him to eat meat. He was therefore excused the customary tonsure as a monk before his ordination. A carnivorous monk would not do; a carnivorous patriarch was all right. John’s wife, in accordance with the canons, obligingly left him and entered a convent.
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Cavell, Janice. "Going native in the north: reconsidering British attitudes during the Franklin search, 1848–1859." Polar Record 45, no. 1 (January 2009): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0032247408007511.
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ABSTRACTThis article critically examines the assumption that the men of Sir John Franklin's last Arctic expedition died because, influenced by the characteristic British cultural prejudices of their time, they refused to employ Inuit survival skills. Since no detailed records from this expedition have ever been found, there is no direct evidence about the attitudes held or actions taken by its members. The article therefore draws on another source: the very extensive British periodical and newspaper coverage of the Franklin search. The writers who contributed to this literature knew even less than is now known about the events of the last Franklin expedition, but their speculations about the probable fate of the lost explorers reflect the beliefs about the Arctic and its people that prevailed at the time. Especially during the early 1850s, the great majority of periodical writers believed that Franklin and his men had gone native in order to survive. It is therefore evident that there was no cultural stigma attached to adopting the Inuit way of life in times of need.
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Anderson, William S. "Juvenal Satire 15: Cannibals and Culture." Ramus 16, no. 1-2 (1987): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00003325.
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Pliny, Tacitus, and Juvenal were all released by the death of Domitian in A.D. 96 and the succession of Nerva, then of Trajan in 98 to embark on their separate careers of public and literary life. While Pliny reflects a happy present time, Tacitus and Juvenal look back on earlier times with disgust and indignation. But that, too, could well imply that, secure with the Trajanic Era, they were seeking more dramatic material for their comfortable audiences. When Trajan died in 117, Juvenal had published two books of poems consisting of what we call Satires 1 to 6. Trajan's successor, Hadrian, was a considerably different man, not only a capable soldier and administrator but a person of culture, widely travelled, fond of architectural experimentation, with a life-style that included both a wife and a handsome Bithynian named Antinous. Life was not so predictable under Hadrian for anybody. Pliny had already died, and Tacitus may not have survived very long into the new reign, but Juvenal was still alive and writing after 127.
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Lähde, Ville. "Rousseau’s Natural Man as the Critic of Urbanised Society." Sjuttonhundratal 6 (October 1, 2009): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/4.2761.
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Rousseau’s description of the pure state of nature and the natural man in his <em>Discours<br />sur l’Origine et les Fondements de l’Inégalité parmi les Hommes</em> (1755) has been a controversial topic in Rousseau studies. Natural man has no stable human relationships, language or developed reason, and does not recognise other humans as akin to him. How is it possible to reconcile Rousseau’s views on the pure state of nature with his speculative history of humanity? How could mankind even begin to develop? Why did Rousseau create such a seemingly disharmonious and disagreeable construct? This article introduces a new strategy of interpretation. Instead of proposing a single interpretation of the pure state of nature, it proposes to view Rousseau’s understanding of human nature as a literary device which allowed him to address many questions at once. His insistence on the solitude and ignorance of natural human beings is examined as a part of his critique of other philosophers. This, however, does not explain another tension within the depiction of the pure state of nature. Sometimes natural human beings are ignorant, incapable of learning or surpassing their instincts, but, at other times, they seem very smart and resourceful. This article shows that the latter sections of his work imply a critique of contemporary societies. In these sections, Rousseau introduces his analysis of urban life.
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Tulloch, Alexander. "Water, water everywhere…" English Today 24, no. 3 (September 2008): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607840800031x.
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ABSTRACTIt is such a simple word for so versatile and important a liquid. We drink it, cook with it, wash in it, sail across it, swim in it, sprinkle it on our flowers and, when the need arises, we put fires out with it. In some parts of the world there is too much of it and in other parts it is so scarce that it is more precious than gold. It is older than life itself, it predates human existence and it flowed over the land aeons before man learned to speak. So it should not come as a surprise, then, that when we start looking at the etymology of the word ‘water’ we soon find ourselves travelling back to prehistoric times and making contact with very ancient civilizations. Nor is it very long before we find ourselves going round and round in circles as the twists and turns of the word's evolution reveal connections which the vast majority of us have probably never suspected.
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Augustynowicz, Anna, Janusz Opolski, and Michał Waszkiewicz. "Resilient Health and the Healthcare System. A Few Introductory Remarks in Times of the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 3603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063603.
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People across the globe are facing increasingly complex public health emergencies that are responsible for the loss of life, economic and social problems with unprecedented damage and costs. For some sociologists, our society is even “a risk society” and our time is highly violative. Emergencies of different origin: stemming from natural environmental disasters, such as floods, hurricanes, intense drought, technical accidents, social unrest and last but not least—outbreaks of infectious diseases. This decade started with one of the most significant pandemics in the history of man-kind—COVID-19. Hence, the problems of resilient health and healthcare systems have become urgent. Especially since SARS-CoV-2 may cause long-term health threats and recurrent crises. It is very important to have a common language. So far, definitions and concepts of health and healthcare resilience differ substantially and are seldom clearly defined. The aim of this paper is to describe how health and healthcare system resilience is defined to either uncover, recall, or in combination, its concept and prepare an introductory conceptual review as a preliminary step for further studies.
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Stiebel, Lindy. "‘A quintessentially English designer’ from Durban: Victor Stiebel’s South African Childhood (1968)." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 00, no. 00 (February 16, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00061_1.
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Victor Stiebel (1907–76), in his obituary in The Times, was described as a well known and highly esteemed British couturier. Yet, for the first eighteen years of his life, Stiebel lived unremarkably in Durban, South Africa, with his middle-class colonial family. In an article written by a fashion historian who appraised his importance within the British fashion industry, Stiebel is described as the quintessential English designer. How did this ‘Englishness’ develop and what evidence do we see of this quality in his autobiography South African Childhood (1968) that covers his childhood years? The leap from Durban to London and his subsequent career as a court dressmaker and couturier, plus designer for Hollywood stars including Vivien Leigh and Katherine Hepburn, is vast, but it is one that Stiebel eagerly made. The bridge, this article argues, is the very ‘Englishness’ that Stiebel encountered in his home and the colonial society of Durban in the Edwardian era in which he grew up. Life in the colonies concentrated this quality in its settlers probably because of their distance from the metropole rather than their proximity. This article sets out to examine what form this ‘Englishness’ took in Stiebel’s life and work, evident visually in his dress designs according to fashion historians, but also, from a literary historian’s point of view, in his autobiographical writing and written correspondence, particularly that with the actress Vivien Leigh.
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Tutsch, Matthew, Wolfgang Haider, Ben Beardmore, Kenneth Lertzman, Andrew B. Cooper, and Robert C. Walker. "Estimating the consequences of wildfire for wildfire risk assessment, a case study in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 40, no. 11 (November 2010): 2104–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x10-159.
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Wildfire risk assessment research has made considerable progress towards estimating the probability of wildfires but comparatively little progress towards estimating the expected consequences of potential fires. One challenge with estimating wildfire consequences has been to identify a common metric that can be applied to consequences measured in different units. In this paper, we use the preferences of representatives of local fire management agencies as the common consequences metric and apply it to a case study in the southern Gulf Islands, British Columbia, Canada. The method uses an expert survey and a maximum-difference conjoint analysis to establish the relative importance of specific fire consequences. A fire with a major potential for loss of life was considered to be about three times worse than major damage to houses and 4.5 times worse than loss of a rare species. Risk ratings were very sensitive to changes in fire consequences ratings. As the complexity of values at risk and number of stakeholders increase, the most efficient allocation of wildfire prevention, protection, and suppression resources becomes increasingly challenging to determine. Thus, as the complexity of stakeholder representation and values at risk increases, we need to pay increasing attention to quantitative methods for measuring wildfire consequences.
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Lambert, Nicholas A. "On Standards: A Reply to Christopher Bell." War in History 19, no. 2 (April 2012): 217–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344511432977.
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During his first term as first sea lord (1904–10), Admiral Sir John Fisher set in motion the intellectual, organizational, and technological forces that, in very rapid order, combined and recombined to generate new approaches to British naval policy. Like most if not all ‘revolutions’ in technology and warfare, this one did not start and end neatly under one man’s control, but took on a life of its own. Not all elements of his original vision advanced as far as others. Yet, however variable the direction and extent of the revolution at particular times, in retrospect we can say indubitably that it was Fisher who launched it. This essay is a response to Professor Christopher Bell’s July 2011 article: ‘Sir John Fisher’s Naval Revolution Reconsidered: Winston Churchill at the Admiralty, 1911–1914’.
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Gómez-Segura, Lidia, Antoni Boix-Montañes, Mireia Mallandrich, Alexander Parra-Coca, José L. Soriano-Ruiz, Ana Cristina Calpena, Álvaro Gimeno, David Bellido, and Helena Colom. "Swine as the Animal Model for Testing New Formulations of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Carprofen Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the Intramuscular Route." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14051045.
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Carprofen (CP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) frequently used to treat respiratory diseases in numerous small animals, but also in large species. CP is a formidable candidate for further therapeutic research of human inflammatory diseases using the pig as an animal model. However, CP administration in swine is very uncommon and respective pharmacokinetics/bioavailability studies are scarce. A simultaneous population pharmacokinetic analysis after CP intravenous and intramuscular administrations in pigs has shown high extent and rate of absorption and a similar distribution profile with respect to man and other mammals. However, clearance and half-life values found in swine suggest a slower elimination process than that observed in man and some other animal species. Although not reported in other species, liver and kidney concentrations achieved at 48 h post-intramuscular administration in pigs were ten times lower than those found in plasma. Simulations pointed to 4 mg/kg every 24 h as the best dosage regimen to achieve similar therapeutic levels to those observed in other animal species. All these findings support the use of pig as an animal model to study the anti-inflammatory effects of CP in humans.
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Steeger, Christoph, Hans Esselink, and Ronald C. Ydenberg. "Comparative feeding ecology and reproductive performance of ospreys in different habitats of southeastern British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Zoology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 470–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z92-071.
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We compared the general breeding and feeding ecology of ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in the Creston and Nelson areas of southeastern British Columbia. In the Creston Valley, ospreys nested atop tall trees surrounding a shallow and productive warm-water marsh. Prey species taken by male ospreys included black bullhead (Ictalurus melas), pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus), and yellow perch (Perca flavescens). In contrast, near Nelson, ospreys nested on man-made structures along the narrow West Arm of Kootenay Lake. Osprey prey species in the Nelson area included longnose sucker (Catostomus catostomus), largescale sucker (Catostomus macrocheilus), and mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni). Prey captured at Nelson were larger and contained significantly more energy than at Creston Valley, and hunting from a perch was used for 26% of all captures. All Creston Valley prey were caught by flight hunting. The strike success of foraging ospreys at Nelson was significantly higher than at Creston, and the net yield of flight hunting was 3 times higher. In spite of these differences, the breeding performance of ospreys in the two areas was very similar. Average clutch size was 2.8, brood size at hatching was 2.0, and the average pair fledged 1.4 young. The nest failure rate did not differ between the two areas. Most clutches were initiated in early May, with Nelson-area ospreys laying, on average, 4–7 days later. Egg volumes were smaller at Nelson (66.6 vs. 69.1 cm3). However, the rate at which nestlings gained mass was significantly greater at Nelson. We discuss reasons why the breeding performance varies so little in spite of the great differences in feeding regime.
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Aman Ullah Khan, Muhammad. "Study of Post – Colonial Theory According the thoughts of Rumi and Allama Muhammad Iqbal." Negotiations 2, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54064/negotiations.v2i1.37.
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نظریاتِ اقبال میں نظریہ پس نوآبادیت اور فکر رومی کا جائزہ
Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal is one of the persons known as a Thinker, Poet and Idealist of the Muslim Nation. He was born at Sialkot on 9th of November 1877. He is the man who gave an idea of living with new spirit of life. His philosophy of human being is a new theory of human life. He spent his life under British rule and saw the life so close that nobody could seek the true meaning of life under slavery of European ruler. So, he gave some new ideas which are the basic subject of this article. His theory of Selflessness, the basic right of a woman and many other can see in his poetry. His poetry is the basic thing that has given a new spirit to Muslim Nation. So, he is placed as a thinker and Philosopher of this nation. Allama Muhammad Iqbal was a poet, philosopher and politician, whose poetry in Persian and Urdu is regarded as among the greatest in modern times. He is also famous for his work on religious and political philosophy in Islam. The poet was a strong promoter of the political and spiritual revival of Islamic civilization across the world, a series of famous lectures he delivered to this effect were published as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. Allama Iqbal was a poet and a philosopher; he was always concerned about the thoughts and ideas. His words and ideas inspired many poets and thinkers. This article represents an analysis of the thoughts of Iqbal According the life of Iqbal. This article represents an analysis of the Post-Colonial Impact ،Theory of Selflessness and Place of Woman according the life of Iqbal.
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Zittoun, Tania, and Paul Stenner. "Vygotsky’s Tragedy: Hamlet and the Psychology of Art." Review of General Psychology 25, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10892680211013293.
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Lev S. Vygotsky is one of the major figures of psychology; however, his deep engagement with the arts is less known. This is surprising, given the fact that the arts, and especially Shakespeare’s Hamlet, are present throughout his career. In this article, we argue, first, that Hamlet was a major symbolic resource for Vygotsky in times of liminal transitions, and second, that it is this very deep experience of having been transformed by means of Hamlet that grounds his psychology of art, which aims precisely to show how Hamlet works as a “technique of emotions.” Our demonstration is organized into three main movements. In Part 1, we retrace the historical and cultural context in which Vygotsky grew up as a young man. We emphasize his experiences of liminality and transitions, due to transformations of the social world and his own life. In Part 2, we examine Vygotsky’s proposition itself through a close analysis of his Psychology of art. Finally, in Part 3, we further explicate the relation between art and life at play in Vygotsky’s approach and relate this to Vygotsky’s broader psychology.
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Freeman, Robin. "Tanmatras: The Life and Work of Giacinto Scelsi." Tempo, no. 176 (March 1991): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298200013048.
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Giacinto Scelsi, last Count of Dayala Valva and one of the most extraordinary composers of this century, died in Rome on 9 August 1988 at the age of 85 in the Policlinico Gemelli after an attack brought on by the sweltering Roman summer: he who never went to the mountains to avoid it, thinking that warmth could do him only good. After the Naples earthquake of 1980, which flattened the mediaeval hill town of Valva and with it the family castle and its library, Scelsi said: crolla il castello, crolla il padrone. The castle falls to bits and so does its master. Those of us who knew him in his last years remember above all the frail figure sitting on a couch below the two portraits that Dali had given the Eluards for a wedding present, doing ironic and at times testy battle with the world and old age, there in his overheated house across from the Roman Forum. With such a view, he used to say, what one does must be quite splendid or else a very bad joke. During his lifetime Scelsi refused to be photographed, did his best to avoid programme notes, and gave information about his life only when he chose to forget himself in conversation. Few of us cared to violate these rules, knowing that for a man who had dictated the mémoires of his future life they represented a kind of defence against a finality imposed from without. He sought something like this in his music as well, hoping it would seem only a snatch of what had been going on long before, of what would be going on long after.
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Devi, Dr S. Jayalaxmi, Dr Oinam Ranjit Singh, and Dr Th Mina Devi. "Mortuary Customs Of The Meiteis Of Manipur: A Historical Study." History Research Journal 5, no. 5 (September 26, 2019): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/hrj.v5i5.8051.
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The rites of passage are the rites and ceremonies that mark a critical transition in the life cycle of an individual from one status to another in a given society. It covers birth, marriage and death. Death is the last crisis in the lifecycle of an individual. Siba means death in local dialect. It is believed that when the soul leaves the body permanently the man dies. The paper is an attempt to throw light on death and related customs of the Meiteis. There were four kinds of funeral systems such as disposal of dead body in the wild place, in the fire, in the earth (burial) and into the water (river). Disposal of dead in the fire (cremation) in Meitei society commenced from the time of Naophangba. But, the practice of cremation was prevalent among the Chakpas from the very early times. In ancient times, dead body was exposed; the dead body was kept throwing about in the Sumang (the space in front of the house) in the Khangenpham and a bird called Uchek Ningthou Lai-oiba which took away the dead body to a river called Thangmukhong in Heirok. Usually, funeral rites were considered as unclean; therefore, the performers had to wash and cleanse their body. They believe in a future life and in the survival of the soul. The data are based on available primary and secondary sources.
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Iefremenkova, Nadiia, and Nataliіa Babina. "ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH IN PRODUCT DESIGN." Problems and prospects of economics and management, no. 4(28) (2021): 121–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5215-2021-4(28)-121-127.
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Environmental safety of man and society is formed in the process of product design. The goal of the article is to identify the factors of ecological safety of product creation. The study of the ways of achieving high levels of ecological safety is con-ducted by applying both general scientific methods, such as observation and description, and theoretical methods, such as analysis, generalization, systematization and classification. The ecological component of the product affects the state of hu-man health and society as a whole. Designers provide foundation for environmental component of products in the design process. Designers influence all spheres of human life due to the specifics of the profession. They take into account the fac-tors of using alternative energy sources in product design. Safe materials and constructions are very important factors in ensuring human safety. Specialists from all industries should strive to achieve a high level of environmental safety of prod-ucts. They must take into account factors that ensure an adequate level of security. Design activities have a direct impact on improving the environmental situation. The life cycle assessment method is the leading tool for influencing the management of environmental processes in modern times. It is emphasized that ergonomic product requirements are essential. They pro-vide a high level of product quality. Technologies are improving very quickly at the present stage. The use of enhanced atten-tion to materials science, ergonomics, quality management in the process of training designers, taking into account the con-ditions of rapid change in technology. The economic efficiency of a business is measured by the return on investment. The usefulness of ergonomics is determined by the rate of return on investment. Businesses are interested in the introduction of technologies that help improve the environment, the introduction of resource-saving technologies, environmentally friendly materials and ergonomic designs.
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Maclauchlan, Lorraine E., Arthur J. Stock, and Julie E. Brooks. "Infestation Phases and Impacts of Dryocoetes confusus in Subalpine Fir Forests of Southern British Columbia." Forests 14, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14020363.
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Subalpine fir mortality and stand decline are increasingly evident in British Columbia (B.C.). This long-term study confirmed Dryocoetes confusus to be the major disturbance agent in high-elevation subalpine forests, killing over two-thirds of subalpine fir in eleven one-hectare study plots. D. confusus infestations in mature stands can be described as early-, mid-, or late-phase. The transition from the early- through late-phase is characterized by a lowered stem density as high levels of D. confusus attack and remove the largest trees, while other mortality factors kill smaller trees. Initially, live subalpine fir density and D. confusus activity varied among plots. By a final assessment, very little difference was observed in live stems per hectare. Mortality from all factors ranged from 0.5% to 5% annually, reaching as high as 80% in-stand mortality with >6 times more dead than live volume. When subalpine fir density was reduced to <400 sph, the D. confusus attack rate declined. Cumulative mortality increased the average gap size in plots from 11 m2 to 18 m2. Our study also showed that D. confusus might be able to switch to a univoltine life cycle, taking advantage of warmer and longer growing seasons that, in part, could explain the rapid increase in mortality in stands.
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Potofsky, Allan. "Paine’s Debt to Hume?" Journal of Early American History 6, no. 2-3 (November 16, 2016): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00603008.
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It has been famously argued that Tom Paine was not much of an economic thinker. Indeed, in his published work, we see relatively scarce systematic commentary on the subject. But, as befitting his origins in a mercantile family, Paine as a young man had prepared for a career as an excise officer. He later fully participated in a broader Enlightenment conversation about the new world of credit, trade, commercial and monetary policies, among other fiscal issues of early globalization. In particular, Paine formulated a systematic critique of public debt as a compelling way to discuss political sovereignty, the social contract, and the true wealth of nations – among other issues. In 1796, in France, Paine published a critique of wartime funding of the British economy with the publication of The Decline and Fall of the English System of Finance inspired by the title of Gibbon’s The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776). Paine’s denunciation of the economic self-mutilation caused by British wartime expansionism focused on a reform by the Prime Minister, William Pitt the Younger, who partially privatized the public debt of Britain. The British pound sterling was henceforth sustained by mysterious private loans whose very terms were obscured from public opinion. This article argues that the pamphlet had many parallels to David Hume’s 1752 essay Of Public Debt which Hume revised after the Seven Years War with a radical critique of public debt. The Humean origins of many of Paine’s arguments are manifest in the corrupting nature of public debt tied to military expenditure. To Hume and Paine, gimmicky forms of state borrowing in times of war lead to the bankruptcy of expansionist absolutism and to the eventual “decline and fall” of belligerent empires.
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Mishchenko, Maryna. "Dependence on the Screen in the Life-creation of a Modern Person." Culturology Ideas, no. 15 (1'2019) (2019): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37627/2311-9489-15-2019-1.169-176.
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The article represents the investigation of such a common phenomenon as screen dependency and its impact on the life-creativity of a modern man. In a modern changing world, it is difficult to avoid humanity's interaction with various advances in the field of modern technology and new information technologies - mobile communications, personal desktops and laptops, services of the global Internet. It constantly occurs at different times of the day, in varying degrees, without a specific place or sphere of human activity. Screen dependency is the acute obsessive need of a person to use devices, the design feature of which is a screen availability, through which various types of information represent real life and which make modern Internet technologies material. While researching, it was discovered that the screen dependency actually covers a number of other well-known destructive human dependencies, in particular, dependence on the computer, television, mobile communications, and the global Internet network. It is determined and argued that the screen devices as a powerful source of information and a significant resource of social development can enrich the artist with the latest creative ideas. At the same time, excessive enthusiasm in screen products may not only have a negative impact on the physical and mental health of a person, but also lead to very negative consequences for the culture, in particular, the numerous borrowings of other artistic ideas, the depreciation of traditional culture and its components, the loss of one’s own creative personality.
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Mills, Amy. "THE PLACE OF LOCALITY FOR IDENTITY IN THE NATION: MINORITY NARRATIVES OF COSMOPOLITAN ISTANBUL." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 3 (August 2008): 383–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743808080987.
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These words of an elderly Jewish man in Istanbul relate his memory of neighborhood life with Greeks, Armenians, and Muslims in the neighborhood of Kuzguncuk. In this place, there were no arguments between people of different religious backgrounds; Muslims shared “his” language, and he, as a Jew, knew Greek. As I examine his narrative for what it emphasizes and for the silences in between, I read Kuzguncuk as exceptional: describing an absence of argument in the past suggests that tension exists today; sharing multiple ethnic languages is understood now to be an old-fashioned rarity. His statement “Because we are Kuzguncuklu Jews, our Muslims over there loved us very much” suggests that in Kuzguncuk, he and his Muslim neighbors shared a common tie to place, a unique identity as Kuzguncuklu (of Kuzguncuk) that superseded any difference based on religion or ethnicity. As he describes a culture that remained from Ottoman times, his story illuminates indirectly the current Turkish national context that conditions the telling of his narrative.
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M, Sudhakar, and Kathiresan Pon. "Communication in Purananuru." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-18 (December 8, 2022): 250–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s1833.
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Communication through literature has been growing from time to time. Communication developed among people by sharing information. Communication is a flexible form of imparting or exchanging an information. It is the process of exchanging ideas between both sender and receiver. These kinds of exchanging or sharing an information is very famous in Purananuru. Through Purananuru we can notice that messages, thoughts, emotions and skills of a person can be known through symbols, speech, writings, images, numbers, maps, and messengers. Since prehistoric times, man has been living a communal life by exchanging messages through various types of communication tools. Before language appeared, man communicated through body movements and signs. Man expressed his views verbally. He learned the concepts through symbols. In particular, he conveyed the message through symbols such as trumpets, fire, smoke and arrows. Among the 10 musical organs, there was a musical instrument called drum in the Sangam period. Ancient Tamils used to convey good news through musical instruments such as in festivals, weddings and in battlefield invasions. The king announces the news to the people by using a musical instrumental called Drum. King exchanges the news from one country to another through messengers, spies and sages. Ottadal is the 59th chapter in Thirukkural and in this chapter Thiruvalluvar clearly shows up the excellence of Spies. Ancient Tamil people used nearby objects as communication devices to know various messages from kings and poets. They lived by receiving and giving opinions through various languages. Therefore, the communication ideas are specified, classified and explained in Purananuru.
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Vujović, Miroslav, and Jasna Vuković. "Yours ever... ili ko je bila Ketrin Braun? Istraživanja praistorijske Vinče i britanski uticaji za vreme i posle I svetskog rata." Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 11, no. 3 (November 2, 2016): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v11i3.8.
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As the 110th anniversary of the beginning of the excavations at Vinča is nearing, the question arises as to how much we really know about the role and motives of a number of British subjects who in various ways played decisive roles in the research and the international affirmation of this important Late Neolithic site. It is possible, on the basis of archives and personal correspondence of Miloje M. Vasić, to view the investigations of Vinča in the wider context of political and military relations, influencing the general situation in the Kingdom of The Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, later Yugoslavia. John Lynton Myres was a professor at the universities in Oxford and Liverpool, the founder and editor of the Journal Man and the director of the British Archaeological School in Athens. During the World War I, between 1916 and 1919, he was an officer of the Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, first in the Navy Intelligence Service, and then in Military Control Office in Athens. The Browns, Alec and Catherine, also played an important role. Alec Brown, a left-oriented writer, translator and correspondent, arrived to Serbia as a Cambridge graduate, aiming at the post of an English language teacher in high schools. In the period from 1929 to 1931 he took part in the excavations at Vinča, taking this setting as the base for the plot of one of his books. His wife, Elsie Catherine Brown, whose life is very poorly documented, served in the British Embassy in Belgrade between the wars. Vasić dedicated the third volume of Prehistoric Vinča to her, for her devoted work in the British medical mission and the care she took of the Serbian soldiers near Thessalonica, but also for her part played in the establishment of the initial contact with Sir Charles Hyde. The life of Catherine Brown may be seen as one of the many exceptional stories about the noble British ladies, celebrated in Serbia for over a century. However, one should bear in mind that the events and characters (Myres, Hyde, the Browns) linked to the research in Vinča may be a part of a larger scene, and a consequence of other, equally important circumstances of a more direct involvement of Great Britain in the political situation in Yugoslavia between the wars. Myres, a man close to the scientific, intelligence and diplomatic circles, is the key person in the initial contact between Vasić and Catherine Brown. Since his first encounter with Vasić in 1918 in Athens, on the occasion of his return from France to Serbia, Myres himself or through Catherine Brown, worked to establish the collaboration and keep the contact with Vasić. It is possible that the Athens meeting, initiated by Myres, was a consequence not only of the scholarly interest, but also the growing British involvement in the Balkans. After the same line of reasoning, the arrival of Alec Brown in Belgrade cannot be understood solely as a consequence of the individual ambition of a young Slavic scholar, but as well as a part of the strategy of deepening the British influences over the region traditionally more inclined towards France, due to the political and cultural ties and military alliances. After the war, many Serbian linguists were posted as teachers of the language at the most prestigious British universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge, where Alec Brown earned his degree. His application to the post of English teacher in Serbia is closely preceded by the recommendation of Earl Curzon of Kedleston, British Foreign Secretary, to secure teaching English in the Yugoslav schools, and not only French, as it was previously the case. The collaboration between British and Serbian intellectuals was surely a very suitable context for the establishment of intimate contacts and spreading of cultural and political influences. As illustrated by the case of the Near East, archaeology and archaeologists are particularly useful in this respect. Their long sojourns and mobility in the field, command of the language, enabled them to gain the confidence of the locals, learn about the customs, and gain information, just like Myres the Blackbeard did, and more or less successfully Catherine and Alec Brown as well. Regardless of the real or clandestine motifs, in the case of the investigations of Vinča, this collaboration made possible the publication the four-volume work of Vasić – Prehistoric Vinča, exceptional in many respects, and the international recognition of Vinča as one of the most important Late Neolithic settlements in South-eastern Europe.
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Trussler, Simon. "Charles Marowitz in London: Twenty-Five Years Hard: Marowitz in the Sixties." New Theatre Quarterly 30, no. 3 (August 2014): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x14000402.
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Charles Marowitz, who died on 2 May this year, arrived in England from his native New York in 1956, on a scholarship earned for service in Korea. He immediately found in Unity Theatre a venue for his first London production, and in the following year opened his own theatre – an attic in the headquarters of the British Drama League known as In-Stage. In 1981, after the closure of his last and longest London base, the Open Space Theatre in Tottenham Court Road, he left, disillusioned with his adopted country, to settle in California, creating companies in Los Angeles and in his new home of Malibu. But during the momentous decade of the sixties it was British theatre that Marowitz helped to reshape – not least in developing London's still flourishing ‘fringe’. In this feature, NTQ co-editor Simon Trussler celebrates not only Marowitz's directing career, on which many obituarists have written, but also – through personal recollections of the man in those early years – the many other ‘hats’ he wore: as theatre critic, editor, playwright, and cultural entrepreneur. Marowitz's long-term professional partner, Thelma Holt, shares her own memories of the twelve years when together they formed and ran the Open Space. Marowitz contributed to the old TQ and to New Theatre Quarterly, but here we include some of the articles he wrote in later life for the online Swans Commentary, to which we are most grateful for permission to reprint. All are from 2012, when Parkinson's disease was tightening its hold, and so are among the very last pieces he wrote.
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Branagan, D. "Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink (1864-1934): The Man Who Claimed to be the First to Set Foot on Antarctica." Earth Sciences History 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 67–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.33.1.a0768366584n23vv.
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Carsten Borchgrevink continues to be one of the most enigmatic Antarctic explorers. He made two visits to Antarctica, briefly in 1895, and much longer in 1898-1900. Today it is acknowledged that he made significant contributions to Antarctic exploration. He made a claimed first discovery of terrestrial plant life in 1895. He led the first party to winter on Antarctica in 1899 in very difficult weather conditions. His expedition made a year-long continuous record of weather conditions, and glacier movement was briefly measured. Useful zoological data were obtained, but the death of Hanson, the zoologist and loss of some of his records, lessened their possible value. New plants, some insects, and shallow sea-water fauna were discovered. Extensive photographic records were obtained. The 1898-1900 expedition noted the reduction in the seaward extent of the Ross Ice Sheet. It discovered what later became known as the Bay of Whales, and there made the first ascent onto the Ross Sea Barrier, showing that travel inland was feasible in that region, ‘opening the way to the South’. A reasonable estimate of the then position of the South Magnetic Pole was made. In addition Borchgrevink showed the effectiveness of kayaks for local water transport, and dogs with trained dog-handlers for land travel (and companionship). His expedition was underpinned by good planning for housing, equipment (including use of the recently invented Primus Stove), clothing (notably shoes lined with sennegrass) and food. His scientific party was well-chosen for their abilities, but national and social differences played a part in periods of tension with the leader, who was inclined to overestimate his own scientific ability. The achievements of the expedition were given little recognition for most of his life, particularly in Britain, in part because of his initial success, over a period of some years, in gaining financial support for his expedition in the face of strong opposition from ‘official’ British scientific bodies. In addition his rather brash and abrasive personality, some public quarrels and perhaps a rather quirky sense of humour did not make him popular. His achievements have been obscured to some extent by inaccurate and exaggerated criticisms of his activities.
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Alikadić, Samir, Mirza Dautbašić, Osman Mujezinović, and Kenan Zahirović. "ANALYSIS OF THE FOREST FIRES IN THE KONJIC MUNICIPALITY IN THE PERIOD OF 2009 - 2013 YEAR." Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2016.v46.i1.78.
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UDK: 630*43(497.6 Konjic)“2009/2013“
Forests as one of the largest renewable sources in nature, are extremely important for human survival. They cover about a quarter of the Earth's surface and are the lungs of all living beings. Rapid technological development has significantly improved the life of a man, but also made a great contribution to the destruction of the natural balance, and reducing biodiversity.
They represent a significant social wealth not only by producing precious and for its quality values in many ways irreplaceable wood material, edible and medicinal plants, but also because its existence is a very positive impact on the protection and improvement of the environment, regulation of climate and water regime, reducing damage from erosion, flood and spate, development of recreation, tourism, hunting and many other economic activities. Fires are one of the strongest and most dangerous agents that man were served in suppressing forest since ancient times, but unfortunately still used today. In many parts of world man suppresses forest and brush with fires, creating a short-term favorable conditions for its economy.
Research that are the subject of this paper is an analysis of the volume of forest fires in the period 2009-2013 year in the municipality of Konjic. The conducted analysis in this area in the period 2009-2013 year recorded 37 fires. Of that number, 20 fires were in the category of crown-fires and 17 ground-fires. The largest number of fires was 14 in 2011, with 310 hectares of fire-affected areas, while the lowest number was recorded in 2010, only three fires and burnt area amounted to 7 ha.
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DellaNeva, JoAnn. "Reflecting Lesser Lights: The Imitation of Minor Writers in the Renaissan*." Renaissance Quarterly 42, no. 3 (1989): 449–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2862079.
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In a probing article that appeared not very long ago in this journal, G. W. Pigman III called attention to the following passage from Petrarch's Familiares which deals with the Italian author's unconscious reminiscence from well-known and often-read authoritative works:I have read Virgil, Flaccus, Severinus, Tullius not once but countless times … . I ate in the morning what I would digest in the evening, I swallowed as a boy what I would ruminate upon as an older man. I have thoroughly absorbed these writings, implanting them not only in my memory but in my marrow, and they have so become one with my mind that were I never to read them for the remainder of my life, they would cling to me, having taken root in the innermost recesses of my mind. But sometimes I may forget the author, since through long usage and continual possession I may adopt them and for some time regard them as my own; and besieged by the mass of such writings, I may forget whose they are and whether they are mine or others'.
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Srivastava, Mahendra P. "Plant Clinic Towards Plant Health and Food Security." International Journal of Phytopathology 2, no. 3 (December 30, 2013): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.002.03.0327.
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Ever-growing population, climatic changes and unprecedented losses due to pests and diseases pose serious threat to food security. Precisely food security implies availability of adequate food to everyone in all times to come. Food and Agriculture Organization of united Nations (FAO) defines “food security” as a state of affairs where all people at all times have access to safe and nutritious food to maintain healthy and active life. Food is one of the three basic needs of man, without which his survival is at stake. Plants constitute the basic source of food and as such, plant health management is crucial to food security, which is jeopardized due to unprecedented threat by large number of insect-pests, diseases, weeds and several edaphic and environmental stresses. Srivastava (2008, 2009) has very well highlighted the importance of plant heath security through phytomedicines/pesticides and plant health clinic in order to prevent 40 per cent losses occurring from field to fork globally. Due to unabated rise in population, reduction in arable land will be an ongoing process, hence we may have to strive hard to grow more food from limited land employing innovative strategies and more importantly adopting multipronged initiative and timely diagnostic and management strategies from plant health clinic to combat attack from pests and environmental stress, manage plant health mitigate losses.
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Pochwat, Józef. "Obraz Maryi u św. Hieronima w jego "Komentarzu do Ewangelii według św. Mateusza"." Vox Patrum 57 (June 15, 2012): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4149.
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According to St Jerome (347-420) there is an unbreakable link between Mary and life, as well as the plans of Jesus Christ, the Son of God. She is chosen by God for the role that he has assigned her. St Jerome presents Mary as a woman and a virgin. He shows the fatherhood of God in relation to Jesus and excludes the physical fatherhood of Joseph. While giving to Mary the task that is beyond human abilities, God provides help in the person of a righteous man to be her husband and the foster father of His Son, Jesus. Jerome also shows God’s concern for the dignity of marriage and the family, in their natural dimension (the union between a man and a woman only). Basing this on the Scripture and the way of expression in Hebrew, he rejects the hypothesis of the brothers and sisters of Jesus. St. Jerome knows very well the results of Scripture research as well as other writings - Apocrypha. He rejects the opinions of the Marcionites and the Manicheans. He stresses the reality of the incarnation of Jesus, the Son of God and emphasizes the virginity of Mary. In modern times, the Commentary on the gospel according to Mathew by St Jerome invites us to a deeper reflection on engagement, marriage and virginity, maternity and paternity as well as trust in God and confidence between spouses.