Journal articles on the topic 'Liens de selle'
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de Notaris, Matteo, Domenico Solari, Luigi M. Cavallo, Alfonso Iodice D'Enza, Joaquim Enseñat, Joan Berenguer, Enrique Ferrer, Alberto Prats-Galino, and Paolo Cappabianca. "The “suprasellar notch,” or the tuberculum sellae as seen from below: definition, features, and clinical implications from an endoscopic endonasal perspective." Journal of Neurosurgery 116, no. 3 (March 2012): 622–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.11.jns111162.
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Object The tuberculum sellae is a bony elevation ridge that lines up the anterior aspect of the sella, dividing it from the chiasmatic groove. The recent use of the endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum approach has provided surgeons with a method to reach the suprasellar area, offering a new surgical point of view somehow “opposite” of this area. The authors of this study aimed to define the tuberculum sellae as seen from the endoscopic endonasal view while also providing CT-based systematic measurements to objectively detail the anatomical features of such a structure, which was renamed the “suprasellar notch.” Methods The authors analyzed routine skull CT scans from 24 patients with no brain pathology or fractures and measured the interoptic distance at the level of the limbus sphenoidale, the chiasmatic groove sulcal length and width, and the angle of the suprasellar notch. Indeed, the suprasellar notch was defined as the angle between 2 lines, the first passing through the tuberculum sellae midpoint and perpendicular to the cribriform plate, and a second line passing between 2 points, the midpoints of the limbus sphenoidale and the tuberculum sellae. Moreover, the authors performed on 15 cadaveric heads an endoscopic endonasal transplanum transtuberculum approach with the aid of a neuronavigator to achieve a step-by-step comparison with the radiological data. The whole CT scanning set was statistically analyzed to determine the statistical interdependency of the suprasellar notch angle with the other 3 measurements, that is, the sulcal length at the midline, the interoptic distance at the optic canal entrance, and the interoptic distance at the limbus. Results Based on the endoscopic endonasal view and CT imaging analysis, the authors identified a certain anatomical variability and thus introduced a new classification of the suprasellar notch: Type I, angle < 118°; Type II, angle of 118°–138°; and Type III, angle > 138°. They then analyzed the surgical implications of the endoscopic endonasal approach to the suprasellar area, which could be affected by each of these structural types. Conclusions The new classification identifies 3 different types of suprasellar notch and, accordingly, their surgical relevance. Above all, the authors found that the different types of suprasellar notch can affect the osteodural defect reconstruction technique, namely the positioning/wedging of the buttress in the extradural space. A precise endoscopic anatomical knowledge of the neurovascular and bony relationships—especially in cases of a less pneumatized sphenoid sinus—is crucial when approaching the anterior skull base via a transtuberculum transplanum route.
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Marr, John. "History as lunch: Aristophanes, Knights 810–19." Classical Quarterly 46, no. 2 (December 1996): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/46.2.561.
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In this passage the Sausage-Seller is commenting disparagingly on the boast of Paphlagon/Cleon that he has done far more good for Athens (‘the city’) than Themistocles ever did. In lines 814–16 the Sausage-Seller seems to allude to certain laudable actions on the part of Themistocles, which greatly benefitted the city, and in 817–18, by contrast, he sets against these an allegedly deleterious recent proposal/ activity of Paphlagon/Cleon.
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Szuhanek, Camelia-Alexandrina, Anca-Patricia Uzun, Atena Galuscan, Vlad Tiberiu Alexa, Liviu-Cristian Romanec, and Dana-Gabriela Feştilă. "Radiological Measurement of Sella Turcica Dimensions in Different Skeletal Patterns in Romanian Patients." Applied Sciences 14, no. 5 (March 5, 2024): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14052164.
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(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphology and linear dimensions of sella turcica in Romanian participants from all three skeletal classes to see whether there were any differences. (2) Method: We examined 90 lateral cephalometric radiographs of patients aged 12 and older and divided them into skeletal classes I, II, and III (30 participants in each). Sella turcica linear measurements such as length, depth, and anteroposterior diameter were measured and studied. To see the nature of our data, Q–Q plots tests were performed. By examining these tests performed for each variable belonging to a particular class, it can be noted that the points are fairly well distributed along some lines, meaning that the data are normally distributed. An Anova test with Bonferroni correction was used to compare the mean values of the examined parameters between the classes. Also, to observe the correlation between our experimental data, the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. (3) Results: In all three skeletal classes, the average length of the sella was 8.98 mm ± 1.470, the average depth was 7.99 mm ± 1.081, and the average diameter was 10.29 mm ± 1.267. For all examined linear dimensions, there was a statistically significant difference between class I and class III subjects and between class II and class III subjects (p < 0.001). The morphology of sella turcica was found to be normal in 51.1% of instances, representing the majority across all skeletal classes. In the Romanian population, sella turcica has shown a significant amount of variation. Class III subjects had larger sella dimensions, whereas class II subjects had smaller values. (4) Conclusions: The measurements and morphology of the sella analysed in the present research can serve as standards for subsequent research concerning the sella turcica region in individuals from Romania.
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Černohorská, Hana, Eva Sobotková, Martina Kosťuková, Iveta Bihuncová, and Ivana Oravcová. "Analysis of lines and breeds of sires in the breeding of the Czech warmblood horses based on grading their offspring in rearing facilities for testing young horses (RFT)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 6 (2013): 1605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361061605.
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The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the breed of sire and line of sire on grading of the body conformation and performance of colts of warmblood horses in rearing facilities for testing young horses (RFT). The groundwork database contained data from 2001 to 2011 from nine RFT’s. The database was processed statistically using the GLM method to assess the statistical significance of the effect of the breed of the sire and line of the sire on body conformation and performance of the colts. By multiple comparisons of the individual effects using the Tukey-B method we discovered statistically significant differences in the body conformation and performance of colts of sires among the respective breeds and lines. The performance of the offspring of Dutch warmblood, Hanoverian horse and Holsteiner horse sires is better than of the offspring of sires of the Thoroughbred, Czech warmblood and Selle Francais. The conformation of the offspring by sires of the Holsteiner horse and Hanoverian horse breeds is superior to that of offspring by sires of the Selle Francais and Czech warmblood. The mechanics of movement of the offspring of the 2300 Shagya XVIII-Báb. line is inferior to the offspring of the following lines: 3100 Adeptus xx, 67 Dark Ronald, 1000 Der Lowe xx, 3250 Dwinger 3257, 4800 Ladykiller xx, Orange Peel xx – Alme Z, 1100 Przedswit VI-Rad., 4900 Rantzau xx – Cor De La Bryere, 4600 Rittersporn xx – Ramzes 4028, 60 St. Simon and 88 Teddy. The effect of the line of the sires on the body conformation of colts has not been proved.
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Deb, Rahul, and Mallesh M. Pai. "Discrimination via Symmetric Auctions." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 275–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20150121.
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Discrimination (for instance, along the lines of race or gender) is often prohibited in auctions. This is legally enforced by preventing the seller from explicitly biasing the rules in favor of bidders from certain groups (for example, by subsidizing their bids). In this paper, we study the efficacy of this policy in the context of a single object: independent private value setting with heterogeneous bidders. We show that restricting the seller to using an anonymous, sealed bid auction format (or, simply, a symmetric auction) imposes virtually no restriction on her ability to discriminate. Our results highlight that the discrepancy between the superficial impartiality of the auction rules and the resulting fairness of the outcome can be extreme. (JEL D44, D82)
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Shelton, Ashleigh K. "Defining the lines between virtual and real world purchases: Second Life sells, but who’s buying?" Computers in Human Behavior 26, no. 6 (November 2010): 1223–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.019.
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Argyle, Nolan J., and Gerald A. Merwin. "Fuzzy Lines: Using the Best-Selling Novel to Illustrate the Blurring Boundaries of “Public”." Public Voices 9, no. 2 (January 5, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22140/pv.216.
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Privatization, contracting out, and a host of other current trends blur the line between public and private—they create what at best is a fuzzy line. This study examines yet one additional area where the lines between public and private have gotten even fuzzier—the best selling novel. It uses the writings of Tom Clancy and Clive Cussler,two authors whose names on a novel guarantee best-seller status. It will do so in the context of what a civic community and civil society are, and how they relate to the public-private question, a question that has renewed life in public administration.
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Confavreux, Joseph. "Yoram Hazony, l’éminence grise." Revue du Crieur N° 24, no. 2 (October 19, 2023): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/crieu.024.0040.
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Il entend peser sur l’élection présidentielle étatsunienne à travers son activisme politique et intellectuel destiné à forger une doctrine pour le trumpisme. Il a été le pionnier d’une alliance alors souterraine entre les suprématistes juifs et Benyamin Netanyahou. Giorgia Meloni a promis de faire résonner sa pensée dans toute l’Italie. Viktor Orban en fait un des inspirateurs de sa « démocratie illibérale ». Nationalisme, religion, propriété privée, frontières, liens du sang et exclusion de l’autre… Yoram Hazoni, l’auteur du best-seller Les Vertus du nationalisme , se démultiplie sous toutes les latitudes pour chanter les louanges de son « conservatisme national », une reconfiguration à peine voilée de la pensée de Charles Maurras.
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Rogers, Justine. "Representing the Bar: how the barristers' profession sells itself to prospective members." Legal Studies 32, no. 2 (June 2012): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2011.00213.x.
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The barristers' profession of England and Wales no longer relies on its special reputation to attract the next generation of practitioners. Today, the Bar deliberately sells itself to prospective members. This activity is designed to construct and communicate an appealing self-identity, and to tacitly sort out desirable recruits. It is a significant component of the Bar's enduring status ‘project’. Nonetheless, these processes take place within a complex wider environment, one which calls on the Bar to be competitive and distinct, as well as rational and inclusive. This paper is a unique, qualitative examination of the ways in which the barristers' profession markets itself within this context. It is the product of an investigation of the recruitment initiatives of one of the Inns of Court, targeted at law students. This paper identifies four main strands of the Bar's professional identity at this stage of entry: the Bar as traditional community; profession of excellence; inclusive profession; and a group facing certain challenges to its commanding position. The analysis shows how these multiple, sometimes conflicting, and often ambiguous themes are conveyed and handled. In the process, it reveals areas where the Bar is taking advantage of the current climate, and others where serious fault-lines in the Bar's identity have emerged. Finally, this analysis identifies the sorts of demands these images make of potential members if they want to be accepted into this old and sought-after profession.
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Wafaa Sahib Mehdi, Wafaa Sahib Mehdi, Hanan Abdul-kareem Kadhim, and Rana Yousif Abdulateef. "A Critical Pragmatic Approach to Aggression in Moriatry's Big Little Lies." Journal of the College of languages, no. 47 (January 2, 2023): 126–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2023.0.47.0126.
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People are supposed to use language harmoniously and compatibly. However, aggression may characterize much of human communication. Aggression has long been recognized as a negative anti-social issue that prevails in most personal interactions. If it abounds in familial communications, it is more dangerous due to its harmful effects on individuals, and consequently on societies. Aggression refers to all the instances in which we try to get our way without any consideration for others. Moriarty’s novel (2014), Big Little Lies, is argued to represent the patterns of aggressive communications. This study aims to find out the motivations behind aggressive language in familial communication in this best-seller novel. It aims to identify the pragmatic strategies that are utilized to convey aggression in the data under scrutiny. As aggression is a critical social issue, it is studied in terms of the critical pragmatic paradigm. It is hypothesized that aggression is motivated by psychological factors and negative speech acts as well as impoliteness characterize all instances of aggressive communications. The analysis of data verified the two set hypotheses.
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Kowalczyk, Magdalena. "Contentious issues regarding the betterment levy." Nieruchomości@ IV Wydanie elektroniczne (December 19, 2023): 153–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1299.
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The adjacent fee constitutes a fee determined in relation to the increase of the value of real property due to various events, such as construction of technical infrastructure equipment, division and merging of real property. It is paid by the owners or perpetual usufructuaries. In case of the adjacent fee, two layers of problems can be clearly distinguished: a theoretical and a practical layer. The theoretical layer refers to the legal nature of this liability. Authors treat the said fee in various way, by defining it as a public levy, a tax, a surcharge, or non-tax budget dues. In case of tax, there are additional references to capital gains tax or wealth tax. The practical layer of the adjacent fee is related to the case law of administrative courts. Courts may choose between two lines of judgment which are connected with the seller of the real property after construction of technical infrastructure equipment. In the case of the first line of judgment, the said fee must be paid by the seller. According to the second line of judgment, the purchaser of the real property must cover the fee since it is not related to a person but to an object and it is transferred from the seller to the purchaser along with the ownership right to the real property. In the case of the adjacent fee, another issue is connected with the fact that it is obligatorily charged by municipal authorities. Some lawyers question the obligatory nature of the said fee by assuming that according to the linguistic interpretation of regulations it is optional and can be imposed after specific conditions are met. Another important aspect of the adjacent fee are the costs that should be justified and commensurate with the benefits achieved as the seller or the purchaser. The next problem concerns the absolute execution of the adjacent fee that does not take into consideration the financial capabilities of the frontager. The above-mentioned issues shall be discussed in the article in a comprehensive and critical manner, along with proposed changes in regulations of law.
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Αθήνη, Στέση. "Ο Ν. Ι. Σαλτέλης και η μετάφραση μυθιστορημάτων." Σύγκριση 27 (August 5, 2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/comparison.19849.
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Dans le cadre des théories traductologiques orientées vers la figure du traducteur, j’ai choisit d’éclairer l’identité du poète romantique mineur N.I.Saltelis en tant que traducteur des romans. Les riches péritextes de ses deux traductions, Le diable boiteux (Ermoupoli 1838) d’Alain-René Lesage et Ernest, ou Le travers du siècle (Smyrna 1841) de Gustave Drouineau, font apparaître ses attitudes et ses pratiques traductives. Dans le cas du roman de Lesage qui évoque plutôt une épreuve scolaire de traduction et qui demeure jusqu'à nos jours l'unique traduction en grec moderne de ce best-seller européen de l'époque des Lumières, Saltelis y trouve à la fois un instrument d'étaler son érudition et ses relations personnelles ainsi qu'un moyen de faire son apparition dans la sphère publique. Par ailleurs, les liens que Saltelis tisse avec l'écrivain romantique Gustave Drouineau ainsi que sa « correspondance » avec celui-ci pourraient être inscrits dans la voie qui mènera à la "traduction littéraire".
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Ibrahim, Azhar. "Malay Literature in Singapore: Lines of Thought and Conflicting Ideas." Malay Literature 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 131–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/ml.27(1)no8.
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A line of thought exists and develops from the socio-political and cultural atmosphere, apart from the writer’s level of public and individual awareness. Beginning with the call for “literature for society” by ASAS’50, the following decades saw more variety in literary trends, although, on the whole, established writers still remained committed to use literature as a means for raising awareness and channelling social criticism, while at the same time using it to present the ideal to which the writer aspires. In the cultural and political context of Singapore, there are three lines of thought. The first is a kind of foregrounding, in which the writer makes a universal observation of humankind and/or describes the condition of the Malay community with all its challenges and problems, touching on issues that have a basis in history or current realism. The second is the tendency to offer alternatives or echo moral messages that call for people to be more spiritual and more ethical in this life, without making a concrete link to the communal life or the structures and systems that underlie the society and nation. The third is a kind of escapism, indicated by a domestication of thought or “popularization” of literature following the dictates of a market in which light reading and entertainment-type reading materials are what sells. In Singapore today, writing is becoming more varied. What is to be observed is how literature has become the vehicle for refuting dominant ideas, apart from becoming the ground for competing ideas as writers present what they feel is the best idea in the interest of society. The challenge for developing an effective literary culture is ensuring that literary works have a clear social vision, employing good techniques and language skills, while at the same time building a grounded, people-oriented literature. This discussion will analyse the obstacles that complicate the literary culture of the Malay literature of Singapore as it aims to achieve all this. Keywords: modern literature, Singapore Malay, political culture, humanity, conflicting ideas
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Egorova, M. A., D. V. Ponomareva, and O. V. Kozhevina. "Features of the Legal Status of a Smart Contract in the Context of Digitalization." Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), no. 4 (July 12, 2022): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2022.92.4.177-185.
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In this article, the authors consider the features of smart contracts as a fundamentally new model of contractual relations, relevant in view of the comprehensive digitalization of various spheres of life. Smart contracts are considered as the so-called self-executing contracts, in which the terms of the agreement between the buyer and the seller are directly spelled out in lines of code. At the same time, the code and the agreement associated with it exist in a distributed decentralized blockchain network. Smart contracts guarantee a very specific set of results, which makes it possible not to resort to litigation, in fact, avoiding conflict situations. The authors analyze various types of smart contracts, problems associated with changing the terms of a smart contract, and limitations connected with the use of such a model of contractual relations. The article draws attention to the fact that the automated execution of the terms of the contract will cause problems, because the lines of code, unlike a traditional written contract, cannot be changed with the same ease. In conclusion, the authors discuss the impact of digitalization processes on the development of smart contracts.
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Oktayani, Dewi. "Pelelangan Barang Gadai Dalam Persfektif Islam." IQTISHADUNA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Kita 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2019): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46367/iqtishaduna.v8i2.179.
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Pawn is an alternative for people who experience economic problems but do not want to lose their valuable possessions. The pawn can be done in the pawnshop as well as other financial institutions that provide pawn services. In Islam, the pawn is known as Ar-Rahn, which is to hold one of the borrower's assets from the loan he received. In a sharia pawnshop, the auction system applies to customers, if the customer is unable to pay his debt after maturity. The sale of liens after maturity is legal. That, according to the purpose of the understanding of the nature of the pawning itself, that is, as a trustee of a debt to be fulfilled. If the debtor is unable to pay the debt, the pawned goods can be sold to pay the debt, by representing the seller to a fair and trusted person. Auction according to sharia must also be able to be accounted for in Islamic law, which is free from the elements of gharar, maisir, usury and bathil.
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Pratama, I. Putu Gede Angga Dian, Bambang Admadi, and Sri Mulyani. "APLIKASI COMMODITY SYSTEM ASSESSMENT METHOD (CSAM) PADA PENANGANAN PASCAPANEN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) DARI PETANI DI KECAMATAN KINTAMANI SAMPAI DENPASAR." JURNAL REKAYASA DAN MANAJEMEN AGROINDUSTRI 6, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jrma.2018.v06.i03.p07.
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This research were aimed to 1) find out amount and kind of red onion (Allium Ascalonicum L.) distribution lines from farmers in Kintamani District Bangli regency area until Denpasar city, 2) to identify what factors are identified in the red onion (Allium Ascalonicum L.) handler in Kintamani sub-district of Bangli Regency, and 3) know the impact of post-harvest handling when the distribution of red onion (Allium Ascalonicum L.) loss from farmers in Bangli District Kintamani District. The research method used is survey method, with CSAM (Commodity System Assessment Method) application and using survey instrument in the form of questionnaires distributed to farmers, pegepul, merchants and red onion retailers in Kintamani sub-district to Denpasar. The were four distributions lines of red onion (Allium Ascalonicum L.) handler from farmer at Kintamani District, namely line Line I (Farmer?retailer), Line II (Farme?collector?retailer), Line III (Farme?collector?retailer), and lines IV (Farme?collector?traders?retailer). Identification Postharvest handling factors at the farm level include cleaning and sorting. At the collecting level include transportation and storage, at the merchant level includes cleaning, sorting and transport, and at the retailer level includes cleaning, sorting and display. Impact on Postharvest loss on the farmers level is at the sorting reaches 6% (significant). At the sorter level the collector reaches 5%, at the sorter seller level reaches 5%, and at the sorter retailer level reaches 6% (significant).
Keywords : CSAM application, onion, aplication
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Rodríguez Braun, Carlos. "La banca y las crisis financieras en la literatura popular: Una fortuna peligrosa, de Ken Follett." Studies of Applied Economics 32, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v32i1.3207.
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Ken Follett’s best-seller, A Dangerous Fortune, in addition to the usual ingredients of this kind of popular literature, contains much economic information: it tells the story of a bank, a fictitious one, but with operations and problems identical to the real ones, in a succession of economic crises that in fact took place in the nineteenth century, particularly those of 1866, 1878 and 1890 in Britain, respectively associated with the bankruptcies of Overend, Gurney & Co., the City of Glasgow Bank and Baring Brothers bank. The historical context, the relevance of institutional frameworks for economic development, and the organization of banks and the financial system in the times when the central bank role as lender of last resort was barely beginning to take form, are analyzed correctly in general lines. The novel thus draws a picture that includes many economic and financial references that may interest economists and historians.
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Nalindah, Vivi, Arianis Chan, Pratami Wulan Tresna, and Cecep Safa'atul Barkah. "Effect of Consumer Perception on The Purchase Decision of Children's Football Clothing Products." KINERJA 26, no. 1 (March 12, 2022): 82–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24002/kinerja.v26i1.5263.
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Business competition is getting tougher day by day for both small and large-scale businesses. And the Covid-19 pandemic has also greatly impacted the decline in sales, including the Yuro Sport Store which sells online at Shopee. The owner of the Yuro Sport Store wants to know whether there is a relationship that affects consumer perceptions of the decision to purchase children's soccer clothes at the Yuro Sport Store. By examining consumer perception variables consisting of sensation, organization, and implementation dimensions as well as purchasing decision variables consisting of product choices, brand choices, dealer choices, purchase amounts, purchase timings, and payment methods, researchers used the Pearson correlation test to determine the relationship between the two variables. And the results show the relationship between consumer perceptions of purchasing decisions. Researchers also propose development strategies, including designing attractive product photos on the main display and adding new product lines.
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Tiger, Andrew, and Robert Howard. "Kiwanis Pancake Day – a service operations management case study." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 1, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20450621111186147.
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TitleKiwanis Pancake Day – a service operations management case study.Subject areaOperations management.Study level/applicabilityUndergraduate and MBA OM courses.Case overviewKiwanis International is a global service organization dedicated to improving the world by helping children. The Durant, Oklahoma chapter holds its primary annual fundraiser the first Tuesday of November, which is also Election Day. The chapter sells and serves fresh pancakes throughout the day; therefore, the event is the Kiwanis Pancake Day. While serving in his first Pancake Day, Robert Howard, a new Kiwanian, notices service operations management issues such as long lines, spiky demand, and customers leaving before being served. Based on his management experience in the grocery business and his academic training in queuing systems, Robert performs an analysis of the system with the purpose of improving service operations.Expected learning outcomes Perform queuing analysis., Understand demand management., Explain the psychology of waiting.Supplementary materialsTeaching notes and spreadsheet‐based multiple‐server simulator.
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Idham, Aditya Yudhatama, and Yudho Taruno Muryanto. "PROBLEMATIKA PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DALAM TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI MELALUI MEDIA SOSIAL KAITANYA TERHADAP BARANG YANG TIDAK SESUAI KESEPAKATAN (PESANAN)." Jurnal Privat Law 8, no. 1 (February 2, 2020): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/privat.v8i1.40356.
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<p>Abstract<br />This article examines the legal problems of resolving online sale and purchase disputes through social media, this is regulated in Law number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions in article 28 paragraph (1). This study included normative legal research with a legal approach and a case approach. The results of the study show that the seller has committed a misleading action that has resulted in consumer losses in electronic transactions, in accordance with Law number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. Dispute resolution if the seller conducts a default is attempted to take a non-litigation route by deliberation or it can be through mediation or litigation lines or commonly referred to through a district court.<br />Keywords: Buy and Sell; Credit Promise; Social Media</p><p>Abstrak<br />Artikel ini mengkaji mengenai problematika hukum penyelesaian sengketa jual beli online melalui media sosial, hal ini diatur dalam Undang-Undang nomor 11 tahun 2008 Tentang Informasi Dan Transaksi Elektronik dalam pasal 28 ayat (1). Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penjual telah melakukan tindakan menyesatkan yang mengakibatkan kerugian konsumen dalam transaksi elektronik, telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang nomor 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. Penyelesaian sengketa apabila penjual melakukan wanprestasi diupayakan menempuh jalur non litigasi dengan musyawarah atau bisa dengan mediasi maupun dengan jalur litigasi atau biasa disebut melalui pengadilan negeri. <br />Kata kunci: Jual Beli; Ingkar Janji; Media Sosial</p>
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HATA, HARUTAKA, and HIROYUKI MOTOMURA. "Stolephorus grandis, a new anchovy (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from New Guinea and Australia." Zootaxa 5004, no. 3 (July 21, 2021): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5004.3.5.
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The new anchovy Stolephorus grandis n. sp., described on the basis of 10 specimens collected from Papua, Indonesia, and Australia, closely resembles Stolephorus mercurius Hata, Lavoué & Motomura, 2021, Stolephorus multibranchus Wongratana, 1987, and Stolephorus rex Jordan & Seale, 1926, all having double pigmented lines on the dorsum from the occiput to the dorsal-fin origin, a long maxilla (posterior tip just reaching or slightly beyond the posterior margin of preopercle), and lacking a predorsal scute. However, the new species clearly differs from the others in having fewer gill rakers (35–39 total gill rakers on the first gill arch in S. grandis vs. > 38 in the other species), a greater number of vertebrae (total vertebrae 42–43 vs. fewer than 41), longer caudal peduncle (21.9–23.7% SL vs. < 20.8%), and the depressed pelvic fin not reaching posteriorly to vertical through the dorsal fin-origin (vs. reaching beyond level of dorsal-fin origin).
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Kozáková, Jana, and Erika Hornáčková. "Product line of selected agricultural entity in Slovakia and suggestion for its expansion based on analysis of consumers' interest in dairy and meat products." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (September 27, 2021): 939–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1654.
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Studies on primary agricultural production in Slovakia aimed mainly at biological, economic, or market point of view and there is a lack of managerial approach providing a specific recommendation for farmers according to their production lines or planning process. As a reaction, we are providing a practically oriented study based on the selected livestock producer, which is aimed at statistical significances as an establishment for further recommendations for management and marketing of this entity. The paper aims to analyze the views and preferences of customers of the monitored company, which sells its meat and dairy products in its stores and verify the expected success of the planned expansion of the product lines. Regarding this, the online questionnaire study was conducted on a sample of 202 respondents. Realized statistical analysis based on the Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test and subsequent Bonferroni post hoc correction signify that meat products, fresh meat, and slaughter specialties are the most favorite products among customers of the monitored company. Fresh milk, on the other hand, is not as attractive as a meal for them. However, selling it from vending machines placed out of the store would increase the sales. Dairy products of own production should be even more successful, as we assume they would be as interesting for customers as the currently expanding portfolio of meat products. The benefit of this study lies in the consideration of the practical use of the obtained results in the business practice of the monitored company. Regarding this, we are providing a set of recommendations, according to the planning of their product lines and connected marketing tools for their successful placement on the market.
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Onega, Susana. "Of Sexbots, Cyborgs and Artificial Intelligence: Articulations of the Posthuman Subject in Jeanette Winterson’s Frankissstein: A Love Story." Pólemos 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 89–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pol-2023-2006.
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Abstract Jeanette Winterson’s latest novel, Frankissstein: A Love Story (2019), was written as a contribution to the world-wide celebrations of the second centenary of the publication of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Evincing the characteristic excessiveness and parodic stance of the postmodern romance, it alternates two interlocked story lines. The first, narrated by Mary Shelley, is situated during her own life span and populated by Mary herself, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, John William Polidori and Claire Clairmont. The second, situated in 2018, is narrated by Dr Ry Shelley, a transgender medical doctor who sells body parts to Prof. Victor Stein, a cutting-edge researcher in Artificial Intelligence. The essay argues that for all its parodic doubleness, temporal circularity, thematic enmeshment and palimpsestic structure, the novel draws a clear-cut distinction between the Idealist conception of subjectivity endorsed by the male Romantic poets that leads to Prof. Stein’s transmodern conception of a future universe colonised by bodiless enhanced humans, and Mary Shelley’s affectively charged conception of embodied subjectivity that foreruns Ry Shelley’s posthuman conception of fluid subjectivity.
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Mokuna, Anna Cristine, Makkarennu Makkarennu, and Ridwan Ridwan. "Sistem Pemasaran Gula Semut Kelompok Tani Hutan (KTH) Buhung Lali Pada Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) Bangkeng Bukit di Desa Bukit Harapan Kecamatan Gantarang, Kabupaten Bulukumba." Jurnal Hutan dan Masyarakat 9, no. 2 (December 30, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24259/jhm.v9i2.2329.
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Palm sugar is one of the potential products of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) that can contribute to increasing farmers' income and welfare, especially for communities around the forest. This study aims to identify marketing system of palm sugar at Community-based Forest in Bulukumba Regency. This research applied interview, observation, and study-literature methods. The samples selected by purposive sampling were the farmers in the Bangkeng HKm Bukit Harapan village and the traders of the palm sugar in Makassar. Then, from these samples, the market margin, the farmer share and the profit of trade agencies were descriptively and quantitative analyses. The results show that there are three marketing channels of the palm sugar trade in Bukit Harapan village i.e farmers directly to costumers, farmers to retailers to customers, and from farmers to the whole seller to customers. In the first channel, farmers to customers, there are the market distortions like monopoly, transaction cost, externalization, and public goods. In the second channel, farmers to retailers to customers, the market distortions found in this path are oligopoly and externalization. In the last channel, the market distortions are monopsony and transaction cost. Based on the analysis, it is found that the highest the market margin and the most profitable lines are the first and the third lines with the profit to 100% because the higher the value of farmer share, the better and more efficient the market performance
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Young, Shamar J., Ronald G. Quisling, Sharatchandra Bidari, and Tina S. Sanghvi. "An Objective Study of Anatomic Shifts in Intracranial Hypotension Using Four Anatomic Planes." Radiology Research and Practice 2018 (2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6862739.
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Purpose. Intracranial hypotension (IH) often remains undetected using current MR diagnostic criteria. This project aims to demonstrate that central incisural herniation is highly effective in helping to make this diagnosis. Materials and Methods. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was analyzed in 200 normal and 81 clinically known IH patients. MRI reference lines approximating the plane of the incisura, the plane of the diaphragma sella, the plane of the foramen magnum, and the plane of the visual pathway were utilized to measure the position of selected brain structures relative to these reference lines. Results. All IH patients had highly statistically significant (p<0.0001) measurable evidence of downward central incisural herniation when compared to normal controls. The first of the important observations was a downward shift of the mammillary bodies, which shortened the midsagittal width of the interpeduncular fossa cistern. A concurrent downward shift and deformity of the tuber cinereum accompanied the mammillary body shift. The second essential observation was an abnormal clockwise rotation of the long axis of the visual pathway. A severity grading system is proposed based on the extent of these shifts as well as secondary shifts of the brain stem, splenium, and cerebellar tonsils. Conclusion. This study objectively delineates the anatomic shifts of brain structures adjacent to the incisura and foramen magnum. This methodology is sufficient to recognize the features of IH and to stratify the spectrum of IH findings into a functional grading system for quantifying the results of interventional therapy.
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Abd al mohsen ali, Ali. "Effectiveness Silence Select in Iraqis Theatre Actor." Al-Academy, no. 108 (June 14, 2023): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35560/jcofarts108/161-174.
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The philosophies don’t forgets the subject silence because it effecting in life human , the kinds artist don’t lost the silence , exactly the theatrical arts because if the actor don’t the select silence he is don’t effect in the audience , this study giving the important for active the select silence in Iraqis theatre , so this search composed of : the preface that composed of : the search problem , and important the search and need it , aimed the search , lines search it composed of the lines time , lines place , and lines subject , and the terms limited . the theatrical line that composed The second topic the first topic the silence in the philosophers, part , active the select silence in the theatre text. The Third topic active the select silence in acting the actor in the world . the measures that composed of analyse Romelos Theater and comedy seven days. the results composed of :-1- The selective silence of the emperor, his wife, and the vizier in the play Romilos had an effect on setting the rhythm of the theater . 2-the selective silence in play Romilos Help achieve The correct timing in the entry of the antique seller on the emperor . 3- the selective silence Responsible for achieving emotional memory, especially in the last scene of the emperor 4- The complete selective silence of the grandfather, his granddaughter and the stranger in the seven days Contribute to the development of the actor's presence and influence on the recipient . 5- The complete selective silence of the grandfather, his granddaughter and the stranger in the seven days help the actor Help the actor relax . 6- the selective silence After the funeral music in which he participated which he participated in the grandfather, his granddaughter and the stranger in the seven days that important for the actor on movement and diction. the conclusions ended this search with important dictionaries and the sources and the abstract
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Soler Molina, Abel. "Perpètua de Cartago i Camar de Tunis. Sobre algunes fonts del Curial accessibles a Itàlia." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 8 (December 13, 2016): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.0.9283.
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Resum: Els estudiosos del Curial han relacionat fàcilment l’enamorament de l’africana Camar amb els amors –també africans– d’Enees i Dido. Tanmateix, els ha passat desapercebuda la figura de la màrtir romana Perpètua de Cartago, jove estudiosa de l’Eneida, que fou lligada a un pal i exposada als lleons, entre altres aspectes biogràfics relacionables amb el personatge curialesc de Camar. La revisió de les Actes del martiri (versions A i B, divulgades ensems) i de la novel·lada Passio Perpetuae (segle III) permet detectar coincidències argumentals i connexions intertextuals amb la novel·la cavalleresca del segle XV. El fet que aquestes fonts foren fàcilment accessibles a Itàlia (Milà, Nàpols), però no a la Península Ibèrica, reforça la idea –generalment acceptada per la crítica– d’un Curial e Güelfa escrit en relació amb la cort napolitana d’Alfons el Magnànim. El tractament paròdic que l’anònim fa de les fonts devocionals, d’altra banda, resulta també especialment interessant per a caracteritzar-lo intel·lectualment i per a interpretar com cal l’obra. Paraules clau: santa Perpètua de Cartago, Camar, Curial e Güelfa, novel·la cavalleresca, Passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis. Abstract: The scholars of the Curial have easily related the love of the African Camar with the love stories –also African– of Eneas and Dido. However, they have not paid attention to the figure of the Roman martyr Perpetua of Carthage, a young scholar of the Eneida who was tied to a post and exposed to the lions, among other biographical aspects that could be linked to the character of Camar in the Curial. The revision of the Minutes of the martyrdom (versions A and B, released together) and the fictionalized Passio Perpetuae (3rd century) allow us to notice coincidences in the plot and intertextual connections with the chivalric novel of the 15th century. The fact that these sources were easily accessible in Italy (Milano, Naples) and unknown in the Iberian Peninsula reinforces the idea –generally accepted by the criticism– of a Curial e Güelfa written in relation with the court in Naples of Alfonso the Magnanimous. The parodic treatment that the anonymous
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Borges Leão, Andréa. "FAZER DO VELHO UMA NOVIDADE: as reinvenções dos best-sellers juvenis." Caderno CRH 29, no. 78 (August 23, 2017): 463–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v29i78.20022.
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O artigo organiza um debate sobre a produção literária juvenil associada à venda massiva. Tem o duplo objetivo de conceituar os best-sellers e traçar as linhas históricas de conexão da produção contemporânea com a presença do livro europeu e americano na edição brasileira, desde o século XIX. A formação de um espaço literário nacional foi marcada pela importação de clássicos do patrimônio literário mundial, romances de viagem e de aventura, narrativas sentimentais e contos de fadas orientados pela circulação transatlântica da oferta e do consumo massivo. Os critérios estabelecidos para a análise da obra seriada da escritora Thalita Rebouças, que hoje objetiva o fenômeno best-seller nacional, embasam o argumento de que o livro juvenil, quando pego na lógica da circulação mundial da cultura, lança mão de um retorno temático ao passado, reinventando-se ao fazer do velho sempre uma novidade.MAKING THE OLD A NOVELTY: reinventions of children and young adult literature best-sellersABSTRACTThis article organizes a debate about the young adult literary production associated to mass production. Thus, the article has the double objective of conceptualizing the best-sellers and tracing the historic lines of connection of the contemporary production with the presence of European and American books in Brazilian edition since the 19thcentury. The formation of a Brazilian national literary space was marked by the importing of classics of world literary heritage, travel and adventure romances, sentimental narratives and fairy-tales guided by the transatlantic circulation of the offer and the mass consumption. The criteria established for the analysis of the writer Thalita Rebouças’ series, which focus on the national best-seller phenomenon today. These criteria supports the argument that the young adult book when following the logic of world culture circulation makes use of a thematic return to the past, reinventing itself by making the old a novelty.Key words: Young adult best-sellers; Transnational circulation of culture; Literary series; Literary authorshipC’EST AVEC DU VIEUX QUE L’ON FAIT DU NEUF: les ré-inventions des best-sellers juvénilesABSTRACTL’article propose un débat sur la production littéraire juvénile associée aux ventes massives. Il a comme double objectif de conceptualiser les best-sellers et de retracer le lien entre les tendances historiques de la production contemporaine, en prenant en considération la présence des livres européens et américains dans les éditions brésiliennes depuis le XIXe siècle. La formation d’un espace littéraire national a été marquée par l’importation des classiques du patrimoine littéraire mondial, romans de voyage et d’aventure, narratives sentimentales et contes de fées, suivant la tendance de la circulation transatlantique de l’offre et de la demande massives. Les critères établis pour l’analyse de l’oeuvre de l’écrivaine Thalita Rebouças, qui fait actuellement l’objet d’un phénomène national de best-seller, se basent sur l’argument selon lequel les livres juvéniles, lorsqu’ils entrent dans la logique de la circulation mondiale de la culture, ont recours à des thèmes du passé et se réinventent en faisant toujours du vieux quelque chose de neuf.Key words: Best-sellers juvéniles; Circulation transnationale de la culture; Série littéraire; Auteur littéraire
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Lu, Hang, Rainer Romero-Canyas, Sofia Hiltner, Tom Neltner, Lindsay McCormick, and Jeff Niederdeppe. "Research to Move Toward Evidence-Based Recommendations for Lead Service Line Disclosure Policies in Home Buying and Home Renting Scenarios." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16060963.
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Lead service lines (LSLs)—lead pipes connecting the water main under the street to a building’s plumbing—contribute an estimated 50% to 75% of lead in tap water when they are present. Although Congress banned lead in plumbing materials in 1986, over 6 million LSLs remain in homes across the United States today. This paper summarizes three different home buying or renting scenario-based experimental studies used to evaluate disclosure styles, to assess if these influenced respondents’ perceived risk of the LSL in a home, and their willingness to act. In renting scenarios, having landlords disclose the presence of an LSL, but also provide water test results showing lead levels below the EPA’s lead action level resulted in lower levels of perceived risk, and of willingness to act. In seller-disclosure home buying scenarios, levels of perceived risk and willingness to act were consistently high, and three different disclosure styles did not differentially influence those outcomes. In home inspector-disclosure home buying scenarios, levels of perceived risk and willingness to act were high, but having explicit recommendations to replace LSLs and/or information about risk did not further influence those outcomes. In some cases, including the specific recommendations backfired. Implications for policy and regulation are discussed.
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Susiati, Susiati. "NILAI BUDAYA SUKU BAJO SAMPELA DALAM FILM THE MIRROR NEVER LIES KARYA KAMILA ANDINI [The Cultural Values of The Bajo Sampela Ethnic Group in The Mirror Never Lies Film by Kamila Andini]." TOTOBUANG 6, no. 2 (March 23, 2019): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/ttbng.v6i2.105.
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This study aims to describe cultural values of the Bajo Sampela Ethnic Group in The Mirror Never Lies film by Kamila Andini. This research is a qualitative research. Data is collected using the audio visual method, namely by seing and hearing an object from the pictures and sound. While, the data collection technique used the tecnique to see and note. The data were analyzed descriptively according to the theory of classification of cultural values by Koentjaraningrat. The results of the study indicate that cultural values of the Bajo Sampela Ethnic Group in The Mirror Never Liesfilm by Kamila Andini covering: (1) system of belief, the SBS community still trusted the sandro (the shaman); (2) system of knowledge, covering knowledge of nature, plants, animals, the nature and behavior of fellow humans, space and time; (3) system of technology, including production equipment, containers/places, weapons, food and beverages, clothing, shelter or houses, transportation equipment; (4) system of society, SBS is very upholding togetherness, helping each other, and entertaining each other; (5) system of livelihood, SBS cultivates seaweed (gelatin), fishes and sells it within SBS community or in the market; (6) language, Bajo and Bahasa Indonesia are used among the SBS community; (7) art, SBS has sound and dance arts.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan nilai-nilai budaya Suku Bajo Sampela (SBS) dalam film The Mirror Never Lies karya Kamila Andini. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode audio visual, yakni dengan melihat dan mendengar suatu objek dari gambar dan suara. Sementara itu, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak dan catat. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif sesuai dengan teori penggolongan nilai kebudayaan Koentjaraningrat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai budaya suku Bajo Sampela dalam film The Mirror Never Lies karya Kamila Andini meliputi (1) sistem kepercayaan, masyarakat SBS masih mempercayai sandro (dukun); (2) sistem pengetahuan, meliputi pengetahuan tentang alam, tumbuhan, binatang, sifat dan tingkah laku sesama manusia, ruang dan waktu; (3) sistem teknologi, meliputi alat-alat produksi, wadah/tempat, senjata, makanan dan minuman, pakaian dan perhiasan, tempat berlindung atau rumah, dan alat transportasi. (4) sistem kemasyarakatan, SBS sangat menjunjung kebersamaan, saling tolong menolong, dan saling menghibur. (5) sistem mata pencaharian, SBS membudidaya rumput laut (agar-agar), mencari ikan, dan menjualnya di lingkungan SBS atau di pasar; (6) bahasa, SBS saat berinteraksi menggunakan bahasa Bajo dan bahasa Indonesia; (7) kesenian, SBS mempunyai seni suara dan tarian.
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Katz, Joshua T. "Homeric Hymn to Hermes 296: τλήμονα γαστρὸς ἔριθον." Classical Quarterly 49, no. 1 (May 1999): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/49.1.315.
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Among the many parodic elements in theHomeric Hymn to Hermesis the day-old baby's fart-omen. As is well-known, sneezing was considered prophetic in the ancient world, and the humour of the scene comes from the immediately preceding fart and the fact that Hermes’ bodily emissions are deliberate (σɉυ… øρασσάμευoζ ‘contriving’). Apollo has, in fact, gone in search of his baby brother on the basis of a standard bird-omen (note 2131 ‖ oìωυɂυ and 215 ‖༐σσυμέυωζ, echoed exactly in the later passage) and confronted with Hermes’ signs, he recognizes that the crepitation is just as much an omen as the sneeze, witness the plural τoúτoιζ oìωυoîσι a few lines later (303). We may compare a passage in Aristophanes’Knights(638—42) where the Sausage-seller reports that he took courage before speaking to the Council from a good omen: a man farted to the right, ༐κ δπξιâζ ᾤπέπαρδε (639). Aristophanes’ formulation suggests to me that the composer of the hymn may be intentionally setting up a play on words (or even the possibility for a slip of the tongue or mishearing): the only difference between the verbal form ༐πέπταδε ‘sneezed’ (aorist to ༐πι-πτάρυuμαι, -πταíρω and its near-homophone ༐πέπαρδε ‘farted’ (aorist to ༐πι-πρδoμαι) is the (cross-linguistically trivial) reversal of the liquid and the dental stop.
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Bingi, Sejal. "Smart Trolley and Billing System." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 17, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31012.
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The goal of this project is to improve and enhance the present supermarket cart-based sell and purchase procedure such that it is faster and more effective for both the seller and the customer. Customers now have to wait in lengthy lines at the payment counter during peak hours at their neighborhood grocery store, standing and waiting for extended periods of time. Customers have found this to be quite problematic, particularly the elderly, people with health concerns, people in a haste, and people who are carrying little children. An RFID scanning system device was mounted to a grocery cart in order to address this issue. This solution is entirely made to speed up the purchasing and checkout processes for customers, saving them time at the payment counter. This study includes a feasibility study, which aims to be an initial assessment of the data to see whether it merits moving further to the analysis stage. Furthermore, Arduino IDE were used to design the system programming. Next, Autodesk Inventor Professional 2019 software was used to create the gadget housing. Regarding its system, it is divided into two sections: one for customers and the other for retailers. The experiment's findings demonstrated how RFID grocery carts shorten customers' shopping and payment processes. Key Words: Customer, Development, Grocery Cart, Recommendation, RFID.
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Kar, Pravat Surya, and Meeta Dasgupta. "Imaging Goa’s B2B sales dilemma: provoke or justify." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 11, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-08-2020-0286.
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Learning outcomes Appreciate changing contours of business to business (B2B) purchase and how sellers should adapt their selling style and promotions. Case overview/synopsis In the past two decades, imaging Goa (IG) and Azim Shaikh had weathered many business crises. However, as the COVID 19 pandemic unfolded, he became aware of critical fault lines in his B2B selling model. IG offered customised digital display solutions, but its primary source of revenue was B2B selling of interactive flat panel display (IFPD) devices. It, respectively, controlled about 35% and 3% of the market share of IFPD sales, respectively, in Goa and western India. IG’s success in the B2B segment was because of Shaikh’s ability to build strong relationships and customised solutions in an emerging market context. To deal with the COVID pandemic, the Indian Government had imposed a country-wide lockdown, which forced organisations to adopt work from home. This, in turn, created a pull for IFPDs. Yet, very soon Shaikh realised, in the new normal, there was a growing mismatch between his selling efforts and outcomes. Though overall revenue had not fallen much, but the veteran seller had started doubting his tried and tested relational solution selling model. Case dilemma involves the selection of appropriate selling approaches e.g. solution, insight or tiebreaker selling for different situations. This case also offers an opportunity to discuss, how to use online channels to complement B2B selling. Complexity Academic Level This teaching case study is suitable for the graduate-level programme in marketing management. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing
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Safaee, Michael M., Michael W. McDermott, Arnau Benet, and Philip V. Theodosopoulos. "Tailored Extended Bifrontal Craniotomy for Anterior Skull Base Tumors: Anatomic Description of a Modified Surgical Technique and Case Series." Operative Neurosurgery 14, no. 4 (May 24, 2017): 386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx134.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Open transcranial approaches to the anterior skull base remain an integral component of current skull base practice. Evolution of these and other techniques has resulted in revisions of standard, tried-and-true methods in attempts to improve patient outcomes and cosmesis, while still providing the best combination of surgical exposure and ergonomics. OBJECTIVE To describe a modified approach for midline tumors of the anterior skull base. METHODS We describe the anatomy and techniques of a modified extended bifrontal craniotomy for anterior skull base tumors. Case examples and a postoperative 3-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction of the craniotomy are provided. RESULTS The technique has been employed with success in 3 tuberculum sellae meningiomas where the anterior limit of the tumor is several centimeters back from the inner table of the frontal bone. The mean distance from the tumor to inner table was 2.8 cm (range 1.3-3.8 cm). Mean tumor dimensions were 3.0 cm (transverse), 3.5 cm (anterior-posterior), and 2.2 cm (craniocaudal). Average operative time was 557 min. No cases had new T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging signal of the inferior frontal lobe to indicate retraction injury. CONCLUSION The tailored extended bifrontal craniotomy for anterior skull base tumors provides adequate access to the anterior cranial fossa and has replaced our standard extended bifrontal approach. Keeping the osteotomy cut lines outside of the orbit reduces orbital swelling and mechanical disruption of conjugate eye movements in the early postoperative period, while allowing for minimal frontal lobe retraction and providing sufficient surgical exposure along the anterior skull base.
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Cassio, Albio Cesare. "Old Persian Marika-, Eupolis Marikas And Aristophanes Knights." Classical Quarterly 35, no. 1 (May 1985): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800014543.
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The little we know with certainty about Eupolis' Marikas can be summarised in a few lines. (1) The play was produced at the Lenaea of 421 b.c. (2) The demagogue Hyperbolus was satirised under the name of Marikas, and was represented as a man of little or no culture (Quint. 1.10.18 = Eup. fr. 193 K. Maricas, qui est Hyperbolus, nihil se ex musice scire nisi litteras confitetur). (3) Marikas/Hyperbolus was a slave. This has been denied in the past, but is now made clear by the commentary on the Marikas in P. Oxy. 2741 (no. 95, 145 f. Austin) πρ⋯ς[⋯ν] δεσπότην ⋯ Ὑπέρβολος. (4) Aristophanes complained in the Clouds we possess (i.e. in the revised edition of this play) that Eupolis had availed himself of the Knights for his Marikas (Nub. 553 ff.), and it is in fact possible that the idea of Marikas as a slave was borrowed from the Knights, because some of his traits seem to correspond to those of the Aristophanic Sausage-seller. (5) The play apparently had two semi-choruses, one of rich and one of poor people.The point of the name Marikas has long been debated. Ancient sources are at least agreed that it is ‘barbarian’. Herodianus 1.50,12 Lentz does not go beyond stating that Marikas is an ⋯νομα βάρβαρον παρ⋯ τῷ κωμικῷ (he refers to Ar. Nub. 553). Hesych. μ 283 Latte has more to offer: Μαρικ⋯ν· κίναιδον. οἱ δ⋯ ὑποκόρισμα παιδίου ἄρρενος βαρβαρικόν (so Meineke for βαρβαρικα⋯, rightly).
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Tindlund, Rolf S., and Per Rygh. "Soft-Tissue Profile Changes during Widening and Protraction of the Maxilla in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Compared with Normal Growth and Development." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 30, no. 5 (September 1993): 454–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/1545-1569_1993_030_0454_stpcdw_2.3.co_2.
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During the last 15 years, cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients with maxillary deficiency in the care of the Bergen CLP team have undergone an interceptive orthopedic treatment phase during the deciduous and mixed dentition period. The present study includes 68 patients who received maxillary transverse expansion by use of a modified quad-helix appliance and 98 cases given maxillary protraction by a facial mask. All cases were treated until an acceptable normal occlusion was attained. Lateral cephalograms were taken immediately before and after the active treatment periods. Sagittal changes of the soft-tissue profile during transverse expansion and protraction were analyzed separately for unilateral complete cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients and bilateral complete cleft lip and palate (BCLP) patients. The soft-tissue profiles of the groups were compared to growth changes of noncleft age-matched children (NORM group). During the short period of maxillary transverse expansion (mean period, 3.5 months) no significant change of the soft-tissue profile was found, except in the protrusion of the lower lip in the BCLP group. During the period of maxillary protraction (mean periods, 12 months in the UCLP group and 15 months in the BCLP group) the soft-tissue profile improved significantly by reducing the characteristic tendency towards a concave profile in CLP patients with maxillary deficiency. Significant Increases of the sagittal maxillomandlbular lip relation (angle SS-N-SM: mean Increase, 2.5 degrees) and the Holdaway-angle (H-angle: mean increase, 3.0 degrees) were found to be similar in the UCLP and BCLP groups. However, the use of different reference lines for evaluation of treatment effects upon the soft-tissue profile resulted in conflicting findings suggesting that anteriorly situated reference lines are more suitable for the evaluation of CLP patients. Thus, the esthetic line (E.line) indicated a favorable position of the lips after treatment; the subspinale-pogonlon line (ss.pg) revealed an Improved soft-tissue profile; the soft-tissue-facial line (N.PG) showed a retruded nose and upper lip; whereas basal references such as the nasion-sella line (NSL) and the occlusal-line perpendicular (OLP) mainly showed major differences between the CLP groups and the NORM groups.
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Verde, Francesco. "ONCE AGAIN ON EPICURUS’ LETTER TO HERODOTUS §§ 39–40." Classical Quarterly 68, no. 2 (December 2018): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838819000107.
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In this short note I would like to reflect again upon paragraphs 39–40 of Epicurus’ Letter to Herodotus and, more specifically, on the text printed in the last (superb and now indispensable) critical edition by Tiziano Dorandi, which I quote below together with the critical apparatus (758–9, lines 495–502):495 ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ (τοῦτο καὶ ἐν τῇ Μεγάλῃ ἐπιτομῇ φησι κατ’ἀρχήν καὶ ἐν τῇ α′ Περὶ φύσεως) τὸ πᾶν ἐστι <σώματακαὶ κενόν>· σώματα μὲν γὰρ ὡς ἔστιν, αὐτὴ ἡ αἴσθησις ἐπὶπάντων μαρτυρεῖ, καθ’ ἣν ἀναγκαῖον τὸ ἄδηλον τῷλογισμῷ τεκμαίρεσθαι, ὥσπερ προεῖπον. [40] τόπος δὲ εἰ500 μὴ ἦν ὃ κενὸν καὶ χώραν καὶ ἀναφῆ φύσιν ὀνομάζομεν, οὐκἂν εἶχε τὰ σώματα ὅπου ἦν οὐδὲ δι’ οὗ ἐκινεῖτο, καθάπερφαίνεται κινούμενα.495–496 de scholiis glossematibusque in tribus Epicuri epistulis et in RS i, vid. Dorandi, Epicuro 277–8 496–497 σώματα καὶ κενόν duce Gass. (πῇ μὲν σῶμα, πῇ δὲ κενόν) suppl. V. d. Muehll: σώματα καὶ τόπος Us. Traditam lectionem defendere conatur Arndt 26. Vid. K. Algra, Elenchos 15 (1994) 100 et D. Obbink, Philodemus On Piety. Part 1 (1996) 338–9 497 σώματα ΦFP4: σώμα· τὰ BP1498 πάντων om. Φ 499 τόπος δὲ Us.: τὸ πρόσθε B1: τὸ πρόσθεν B2PΦ: πρόσθεν F Cf. Lucr. 1.426–7 (locus) et vid. Sedley, Phronesis (1982) 183–4 εἰ δὲ Φ (coni. Gass.) 500 ὃ Φ: ὃ* B2: ὃν B1, ut vid.: ὂν PF ὃ post κενὸν traiecit Φ προεῖπον τὸ πρόσθεν· εἰ δὲ μὴ ἦν ὃ κενὸν Brieger, Seele 5 Vid. Dorandi, Epicuro 282–4 501 ἦν B: εἴη ΦFP4: ἔνι P1(Q) 502 οὐδ’ Us.: οὔτε B2PF: ὅτε B1503 περιληπτικῶς rec.
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Sari, Ayu Intan, Sutrisno Hadi Purnomo, Shanti Emawati, Endang Tri Rahayu, Bayu Setya Hertanto, and Muhammad Abdul Haris. "EFISIENSI PEMASARAN MELALUI MINIMASI JALUR DISTRIBUSI SUSU SEGAR SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN MOJOSONGO KABUPATEN BOYOLALI." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 32, no. 1 (March 6, 2018): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v32i1.15082.
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<p><em>Fresh milk is highly nutritious food because its contain substances that complete food. The high nutritional value of milk causes a media which is preferred by the microorganisms to grow and develop in a very short time become unfit milk consumed when handled incorrectly. Safety milk from contamination during the distribution process becomes very important because of a race against time. Considering the conditions on the farm people milk distribution process normally without treatment (cooling), so that the required distribution by the shortest route, the fastest time and low cost. This study aims to minimize lines and distribution costs of fresh milk as marketing efficiency efforts. The research location is taken purposively based on the consideration that the District Mojosongo has the second largest population of dairy cows in Boyolali. The analytical method used is the analysis of marketing costs, margins and profit marketing, marketing efficiency and Traveling Salesman Problem analysis to determine the shortest distance, fastest time and lowest cost. Fresh milk marketing channels used dairy producers in the district Mojosongo there are three channels following the channel I: Farmer to Consumer, Channel II: Farmers to Traders collector to Consumer and Channels III: Farmers to Traders collector to wholesaler to the milk processing industry. Channel I is the most efficient marketing channel because this channel sells directly from farmers to consumers. The most effective marketing channels using the Travelling Salesman Problem is the distribution channels II because this path has the shortest distance, fastest time to maintain the quality of fresh milk and cost efficiency.</em></p>
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Mahiques Climent, Joan. "Cinc edicions del Venturós Pelegrí a la Bibliothèque Mazarine de París." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 5, no. 5 (June 12, 2015): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.5.6380.
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Resum: El ms. 4504 de Bibliothèque Mazarine de París aplega, per una banda, cinc exemplars impresos de la “Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí” ab les “Cobles de la Mort” i, per altra banda, una còpia manuscrita parcial del Venturós Pelegrí amb una traducció francesa incompleta a cura de Josep Tastu (1787-1849), que s’encarregà de compilar tots els materials del volum. A banda de presentar el contingut general del ms. 4504, descrivim amb detall cada una de les cinc edicions, posant especial èmfasi en la més antiga, probablement datada de mitjan segle XVI o poc després. Pel fet d’ésser el testimoni més antic que coneixem del Venturós Pelegrí, aquest exemplar acèfal i àpode, estampat a línia seguida amb tres gravats encara visibles, aporta dades rellevants per al coneixement de les vies de difusió d’aquesta obra als segles XVI-XVII. Paraules clau: Edad Moderna, Poesia catalana, Impremta, Xilografia, Josep Tastu. Abstract: The Ms. 4504 of the Bibliothèque Mazarine in Paris contains, on the one hand, five printed copies of the “Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí” ab les “Cobles de la Mort” and, on the other hand, a partial hand-written copy of the Venturós Pelegrí with an incomplete French translation by Josep Tastu (1787-1849), who compiled all the materials of this volume. Apart from presenting the general content of the ms. 4504, we describe in detail the five editions with particular emphasis on the oldest one, probably dating from the mid-sixteenth century or shortly thereafter. This printed book, now acephalous and apodous, in which the lines go all the way across the page, still preserves three woodcuts. As the earliest witness we know of the Venturós Pelegrí, this printed copy provides some evidences to understand the dissemination of this work during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.Keywords: Modern Age, Catalan poetry, Printing, Woodcut, Josep Tastu.
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Prasetyo, Andjar. "Implementasi Penguatan Destinasi Pariwisata Daerah Melalui Analisis Strata Dan Pesaing Produk Unggulan Kota Pekalongan." JURNAL LITBANG KOTA PEKALONGAN 21 (December 30, 2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.54911/litbang.v21i1.161.
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The purpose of research to determine and analyze the strata of the featured products and competitor products of tourism in Pekalongan City, your next destination compile Options policy recommendations to the Government of Pekalongan City. The Research location in the City of Pekalongan, research time is June through November 2021 with descriptive esploratif include qualitative and quantitative as a method of research. Sources of secondary data from the Department and the Agency Pekalongan City Government and relevant stakeholders, the primary data obtained through questionnaires open about the featured product a total of 132 respondents and the questionnaire analysis of 56 respondents with Likert scale. Tools of analysis using Three Level of Product and the Five Forces. The result strata of the products featured Pekalongan Batik as a core product, Whether as actual product and tauto, coffee as the augmented product. Analysis of the products featured with Three Level of Product to obtain a score of 5-7 points explain that a superior product is still on the conditions are like within the parameters of the analysis. For the analysis of Five Forces, resulting parameters of the Incoming Threats 6,48 points, barriers to entry 6,39 points, the Power of Suppliers to 6.16 points, the Power of Buyers of 6.08 points and the Threat of Substitute 6,22 points explain that the featured products in support of the tourism is still very in need of strengthening of the various sides. The implications of this research explain that to encourage the increase of tourism in the City of Pekalongan needed the support of the flagship product primarily on the strengthening of the Attributes, product support Services, product lines, product mix, service of the seller/supplier/ entrepreneurs to featured products. In addition, the product offerings, government policy, labor, quality demands, stdanardisasi and the price still requires improvement in order to become a superior product that supports tourism
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Harrower, Natalie. "Attracting The Eyes and Capitalizing on The Wallets: The Problem with Toronto’s New Public Performance Space." Canadian Theatre Review 117 (January 2004): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.117.019.
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With the official opening of Yonge-Dundas Square last spring, the Toronto theatre and music communities gained a new outdoor performance venue, and the discount ticket seller TO TIX, a permanent home. The space itself is a curious addition to Toronto’s inner-city landscape. It’s a great, big, blank canvas of granite slabs, with a few concrete benches, a skinny canopy structure that is reminiscent of the Gardiner Expressway, and a double row of fountains that light up as the sky darkens. Surrounded as it is by concrete buildings and the honks and exhaust from a steady stream of cars, one might have hoped for a little green space. But one cannot argue that the square seems out of place; the design is urban grey and it blends visually into the urban grey that surrounds it. The granite slabs that line its surface are graphically reminiscent of the outdoor plazas of nearby skyscrapers, and the vertical lines of the pillars rhyme with the varying heights of the surrounding buildings. The square is formally compatible with its surroundings; the question is how well it will function under the hybrid identity assigned to it by the city. The city is marketing Yonge-Dundas Square as a public space, while at the same time encouraging it as a venue for private rental. Introducing twenty-four-hour surveillance, rental fees, and a plethora of advertising billboards charges the space with a political dimension and puts in doubt the idea that this is simply a new gathering space for public entertainments. Yonge-Dundas Square may at first appear as a genuine addition to Toronto’s public space, an exciting new performance venue to be shaped by citizen use, but it is also a commercial venture that aims to free itself from the city’s purse strings in three years’ time. Our role as active spectators obliges us to be conscious of the multiple, and sometimes conflicting, performative elements at play in this new venue.
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Kevin Vega-Rojas, Jhonatan, Nikolt Mijail Zevallos-Cristomo, Gerald Edson Medina-Camacho, Albert Justiniano-Medina, Joaquin Arrieta-Conde, and Manuel Michael Beraún-Espiritu. "Design of a Food Conveyor and Virus Disinfection Machine." E3S Web of Conferences 465 (2023): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202346501003.
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Food, due to its high handling, is more prone to contamination. This damage not only occurs when it comes into contact with the customer and the seller, but it can also occur at any stage of the food production chain because the products pass from hand to hand and from place to place, so it is necessary to perform its disinfection constantly at least 3 times a day. Currently, it has been identified that at the production stage, food can be affected if contaminated freezers are used either for washing, packaging, or cooling. During the slaughter process, microbes surrounding the slaughtered animal can end up in the final meat products. If any microbes contaminate the food processing lines, they can spread and affect other foods in contact. According to the WHO (World Health Organization), it is estimated that around 600 million people worldwide fall ill from contaminated food every year and 420 000 die from contaminated food; Therefore, it is proposed the design of a food transport and virus disinfection machine that will be composed of a mechanical chassis, which contains four wheels for industrial transport and support 1 conveyor belt that will be controlled by a remote control system, and communication between patient and nurse by means of a Tablet, controlled by an application for better communication and to maintain the distance by established protocols. The machine will have the ability to disinfect food either with or without wrappers, and the Tablet will allow the nurse to know if the patient has any discomfort or any inconvenience when giving food through the machine, which proposes a control system and communication through the application, as well as the sink that will have the machine for proper cleaning and disinfection of the patient's hands, managing to reach a design proposal for a food transport machine and disinfect bacteria or viruses in the environment.
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Sykes, David B., Mark K. Haynes, Nicola Tolliday, Anna Waller, Julien M. Cobert, Brian A. Szekely, Tom P. Hasaka, Larry Sklar, Leonard I. Zon, and David T. Scadden. "Identifying Small Molecules That Overcome HoxA9-Mediated Differentiation Arrest in Acute Myeloid Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.3513.3513.
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Abstract Abstract 3513 AML in adults is a devastating disease with a 5-year survival rate of 25%. We lack new treatments for AML, and the chemotherapy standard of care remains unchanged in thirty years. One success story in the treatment of AML has been the discovery of drugs that trigger the differentiation of leukemic blasts in the small subset of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, differentiation therapy is unfortunately not available for the remaining 90% of non-APL acute myeloid leukemia patients. Understanding and targeting the mechanism of differentiation arrest in AML has been under investigation for more than four decades. There is growing evidence to support the role of the homeobox transcription factors in normal hematopoietic differentiation as well as malignant hematopoiesis. The persistent, and inappropriate, expression of the homeobox gene HoxA9 has been described in the majority of acute myeloid leukemias. This implicates HoxA9 dysregulation as a common pathway of differentiation arrest in myeloid leukemias and suggests that by understanding and targeting this pathway, one might be able to overcome differentiation arrest. In cultures of primary murine bone marrow, constitutive expression of HoxA9 blocks myeloid differentiation and results in the outgrowth of immature myeloid cell lines. The mechanism by which HoxA9 causes differentiation arrest is not known and no compounds exist that inhibit HoxA9. We developed a murine cell line model in which the cells were blocked in differentiation by a conditional version of HoxA9. In this system, an estrogen-dependent ER-HoxA9 protein was generated by fusion with the estrogen receptor hormone-binding domain. When expressed in cultures of primary murine bone marrow, immortalized myeloblast cell lines can grow indefinitely in the presence of stem cell factor and beta-estradiol. Upon removal of beta-estradiol, and inactivation of HoxA9, these cell lines undergo synchronous and terminal myeloid differentiation. We took advantage of an available transgenic mouse model in which GFP was expressed downstream of the lysozyme promoter, a promoter expressed only in mature neutrophils and macrophages. Cell lines derived from the bone marrow of this lysozyme-GFP mouse were GFP-negative at baseline and brightly GFP-positive upon differentiation. In this manner, we generated a cell line with a built-in reporter of differentiation. These cells formed the basis of a high-throughput screen in which cells were incubated with small molecules for a period of four days in 384-well plate format. The cells were assayed by multi-parameter flow cytometry to assess for toxicity and differentiation. Compounds that triggered green fluorescence were scored as “HITS” and their pro-differentiation effects confirmed by analysis of morphology and cell surface markers. Given the availability of cells and the simple and reliable assay, we performed both a pilot screen of small molecules at The Broad Institute as well as an extensive screen of the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository. The screen of more than 350,000 small molecules was carried out in collaboration with the University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery. We have identified one lead class of compounds - prostacyclin agonists – capable of promoting myeloid differentiation in this cell line model of AML. Using a parallel cell line derived from a prostacyclin receptor knock-out mouse, we confirmed that activity was due to signaling through the prostacyclin receptor. The role of prostacyclin signaling in myeloid differentiation has not been previously described. Analysis of gene expression demonstrated that the expression of the prostacyclin receptor is seen in ∼60% of in primary human AML samples. This is a potentially exciting finding as prostacyclin agonists (e.g. treprostinil) are clinically relevant as well as FDA-approved. Their potential role in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia is unknown. Here we present the details of our high-throughput flow cytometry system and preliminary identification of pro-differentiation agents in AML. If successful, we anticipate that one of these small molecules may offer insight into a mechanism for overcoming differentiation arrest, and may also translate into a novel, clinically relevant treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. Disclosures: Sklar: IntelliCyt: Founder of IntelliCyt, the company that sells the HyperCyt high-throughput flow cytometry system. Other. Zon:Fate Therapeutics: Founder Other.
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Seale, Tessa, Li Li, Jaesung Seo, Bao Nguyen, Mark Levis, Christine Pratilas, and Donald Small. "Abstract 3968: AXL is responsible for much of TKI-mediated adaptive resistance in FLT3/ITD AML cells." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3968.
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Abstract FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) is the most frequently mutated receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Internal tandem duplication mutations (ITD) confer a poor prognosis on FLT3/ITD patients, making FLT3/ITD AML susceptible to treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). However, FLT3 TKI success has been hindered by mechanisms of resistance including adaptive resistance, in which downstream signaling pathways are rapidly reactivated after initial inhibition with targeted therapies. Past work has shown that FLT3/ITD cells undergo adaptive resistance through the reactivation of ERK signaling within 24 hours of sustained FLT3 inhibition. We are interested in finding the mechanisms responsible for this ERK reactivation. AXL is a RTK that is implicated in acquired resistance for many cancers, including against targeted therapy in FLT3/ITD AML. However, AXL signaling has not been implicated in early adaptive resistance in the context of FLT3/ITD AML. Thus, we sought to determine if AXL plays a role in the ERK reactivation found in TKI-treated AML cells. To address this, we first treated FLT3/ITD cell lines (Molm14 and MV4;11) with FLT3 TKI for 24 hours and saw an increase in AXL protein and mRNA levels as early as 4 hours after starting treatment. AXL phosphorylation occurred as early as 16 hours, which coincides with the beginning of the ERK phosphorylation (pERK) rebound. Further characterization revealed AXL upregulation, like ERK reactivation, is at least partially serum-dependent and that the ERK reactivation itself is not causing the AXL induction. These results established that TKI-induced AXL activation is associated with the adaptive ERK reactivation. To determine if AXL signaling actually plays a role in ERK reactivation in FLT3/ITD AML, we inhibited AXL activation using both small-molecule inhibitors (TP-0903 and R428) and selective inhibition (shRNA knockdown and ligand trapping with an AXL chimeric protein) concurrently with FLT3 TKI treatment. Each method of AXL inhibition diminished the pERK rebound, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis of FLT3 TKI-treated FLT3/ITD cells. Combined AXL and FLT3 inhibition also suppressed leukemic cell recovery even after brief treatment exposure. Furthermore, 24-hour FLT3 and AXL TKI treatments of both relapsed and newly-diagnosed FLT3/ITD patient leukemic samples yielded the same upregulation of AXL protein and decreased pERK rebound observed in the cell lines. In summation, FLT3 TKI treatment causes rapid AXL upregulation resulting in adaptive ERK reactivation. Concurrent FLT3 and AXL inhibition diminishes pERK rebound and sensitives FLT3/ITD cells to TKI treatment. This data suggests that AXL plays a role in adaptive resistance in FLT3/ITD AML, and the addition of AXL inhibition to FLT3 TKI treatment has the potential to improve FLT3/ITD patient outcomes. Citation Format: Tessa Seale, Li Li, Jaesung Seo, Bao Nguyen, Mark Levis, Christine Pratilas, Donald Small. AXL is responsible for much of TKI-mediated adaptive resistance in FLT3/ITD AML cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3968.
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Paluri, Ratna Achuta, Rishabh Upendra Jain, and R. Sankara Narayanan. "Zomato’s race to capture the foodtech market." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2020-0103.
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Learning outcomes This case allows students to critically analyse the business model of Zomato which is a multi-sided platform/in the foodtech industry. It helps students to critically analyse how firms enter into the global market to create value and maintain dominance over the local market (especially in a large market such as India). The case can also be used to introduce students to the business canvas model by analysing foodtech start-ups. The outcomes are as follows: to understand the Business Model Canvas as a tool to describe and analyse the foodtech business such as Zomato’s, based on its value proposition and the way it sells its services; to conduct a value chain analysis and analyse the business models adopted by foodtech companies; to understand how Zomato can aim at global value creation; and to design a clear growth strategy and evaluate Zomato’s options to internationalize or expand locally. Case overview/synopsis The year 2018 was an important year for Zomato as it geared up to chart new heights amidst the changing dynamics of the industry on one hand and a co-founder exiting the company on the other hand. Zomato was incepted in 2008 as a restaurant discovery platform offering users the ability to access restaurant menus and post online reviews. It provided a range of value-added services for both its restaurant partners and end customers. Its vertical integration enabled it to grow its revenues across its three lines of business, namely, dining out, delivery and sustainability. Zomato was an early internet start-up that expanded rapidly in the international markets. In the past ten years, the company both scaled and rolled back its operations with unique lessons learned in each market that paved its path for success both locally and globally. The domestic market was being dominated by a few large players sharing the market. Reports by market intelligence firms showed that Swiggy, the closest competitor was starting to dominate Zomato in India [1]. Deepinder, CEO, Zomato’s dilemma for adding value and increasing revenues by weighing options of whether the company should strengthen its presence in the domestic market, or, venture into foreign markets or serve both local and foreign markets. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for postgraduate courses in Strategic Management or International Business. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 5: International Business.
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Paluri, Ratna Achuta, Rishabh Upendra Jain, and R. Sankara Narayanan. "Zomato’s race to capture the foodtech market." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 12, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-04-2020-0103.
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Learning outcomes This case allows students to critically analyse the business model of Zomato which is a multi-sided platform/in the foodtech industry. It helps students to critically analyse how firms enter into the global market to create value and maintain dominance over the local market (especially in a large market such as India). The case can also be used to introduce students to the business canvas model by analysing foodtech start-ups. The outcomes are as follows: to understand the Business Model Canvas as a tool to describe and analyse the foodtech business such as Zomato’s, based on its value proposition and the way it sells its services; to conduct a value chain analysis and analyse the business models adopted by foodtech companies; to understand how Zomato can aim at global value creation; and to design a clear growth strategy and evaluate Zomato’s options to internationalize or expand locally. Case overview/synopsis The year 2018 was an important year for Zomato as it geared up to chart new heights amidst the changing dynamics of the industry on one hand and a co-founder exiting the company on the other hand. Zomato was incepted in 2008 as a restaurant discovery platform offering users the ability to access restaurant menus and post online reviews. It provided a range of value-added services for both its restaurant partners and end customers. Its vertical integration enabled it to grow its revenues across its three lines of business, namely, dining out, delivery and sustainability. Zomato was an early internet start-up that expanded rapidly in the international markets. In the past ten years, the company both scaled and rolled back its operations with unique lessons learned in each market that paved its path for success both locally and globally. The domestic market was being dominated by a few large players sharing the market. Reports by market intelligence firms showed that Swiggy, the closest competitor was starting to dominate Zomato in India [1]. Deepinder, CEO, Zomato’s dilemma for adding value and increasing revenues by weighing options of whether the company should strengthen its presence in the domestic market, or, venture into foreign markets or serve both local and foreign markets. Complexity academic level This case is appropriate for postgraduate courses in Strategic Management or International Business. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 5: International Business.
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Chen, Robert W., Jessie Hou, Indu Nair, Jun Wu, Tim Synold, Larry W. Kwak, Steven T. Rosen, Stephen J. Forman, Susan Kane, and Edward Newman. "Inhibition of MDR1 Overcomes Brentuximab Vedotin Resistance in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cell Line Model and Is Synergistic with Brentuximab Vedotin in Mouse Xenograft Model." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.752.752.
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Abstract Background: Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) expresses surface CD30. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an antibody-drug conjugate that selectively delivers a potent cytotoxic agent, monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE), specifically to cells expressing surface CD30. Although BV elicits a high response rate (75%) in HL, patients who do not achieve complete response (CR) will eventually develop resistance to BV. We have developed 2 BV-resistant HL cell models and shown that resistance to BV is due to MDR1 upregulation rather than downregulation of surface CD30. MDR1 upregulation leads to increased drug exporter pump and decreased intracellular MMAE, the cytotoxic agent in BV. Our hypothesis is that by inhibiting MDR1, we can overcome resistance to BV and also achieve synergy with BV in HL cell lines and mouse xenograft model. Methods: HL cell lines (L428 and KMH2) were used for in vitro experiments. The selection of BV resistant cell model (L428R and KMH2) was done using pulsatile treatment with BV. Both BV resistant cell models were confirmed with MTS assay and cell growth assays. MDR1 upreguation was confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot. Intracellular MMAE concentration was assessed by mass spectrometry. MDR1 inhibitors verapamil (VrP, 10 ug/ml) and cyclosporine (CsA, 5 uM) were chosen. NSG mice were used for mouse xenograft experiments. Results: MTS assay showed that the IC50 to BV increased 12 folds in L428R (32 ug/ml in L428, 391 ug/ml in L428R), and that the IC50 to BV has increased 17 folds in KMH2R (13 ug/ml in KMH2, 219 ug/ml in KMH2R). QRT-PCR shows that L428R and KMH2R had upregulation of MDR1 mRNA, and western blot shows L428R and KMH2R had overexpression of PgP (MDR1) as compared to L428 and KMH2. Mass spectrometry shows that the intracellular MMAE concentration was 7.6 folds lower in L428R as compared to L428 after treatment with BV. We then examined the effect of MDR1 inhibitors (VrP and CsA) on the IC50 of BV in L428R and KMH2R. The addition of VrP to L428R was able to decrease the IC50 from 344 ug/ml to 22.8 ug/ml (15 fold). The addition of VrP to KMH2R was able to decrease the IC50 from 170 ug/ml to 22 ug/ml (7.7 fold). The addition of CsA to L428R was able to decrease the IC50 from 275 ug/ml to 0.0068 ug/ml (40441 fold). The addition of CsA to KMH2 was able to decrease the IC50 from 129 ug/ml to 0.11 ug/ml (1098 fold). Also, the addition of VrP to L428R was able to increase the intracellular MMAE levels of L428R by 6.4 folds. We then examined the effect of MDR1 inhibitors plus BV in BV naïve parental cell lines. The addition of VrP to L428 was able to decrease the IC50 of BV from 69 ug/ml to 0.03 ug/ml (2300 folds). The addition of VrP to KMH2 was able to decrease the IC50 of BV from 6.3 ug/ml to 0.0013 ug/ml (4846 folds). The addition of CsA to L428 was able to decrease the IC50 of BV from 36 ug/ml to 0.0085 ug.ml (4235 folds). The addition of CsA to KMH2 was able to decrease the IC50 of BV from 7.1 ug/ml to 0.0002 ug/ml (32645 folds). Neither the VrP or CsA had individual effects on HL parental or resistant cell lines. Because CsA seems to have the strongest effect in KMH2 cell lines, we examined the effect of CsA plus BV in KMH2 mouse xenograft model. KMH2 was injected into the right flank of the mice to form subcutaneous lymphomas and mice were separated into 3 groups of 5. Group 1 is control without addition of BV or CsA. Group 2 is control plus BV at dose of 0.3 mg/kg intravenously every 4 days. Group 3 is treated with BV at doses of 0.3 mg/kg intravenously every 4 days and CsA intraperitoneally at 15 mg BID. We show that group 2 had a 37% reduction in tumor volume as compared to group 1 and that group 3 had a 70% reduction in tumor volume as compared to group 1 (Figure 1). Conclusion: MDR1 upregulation increases efflux pump activity and decreases intracellular accumulation of MMAE, and leads to resistance to BV in HL. This mechanism of resistance can be overcome with MDR1 inhibitors VrP and CsA. The addition of MDR1 inhibitors to BV is able to increase the intracellular accumulation of MMAE, and restore the sensitive to BV. We are also able to show synergery between MDR1 inhibitors and BV in the parental non-resistant HL cell lines and mouse xenograft model. This is the first study showing synergy between MDR1 inhibition and antibody drug conjugates. A clinical trial has been initiated to examine the safety/efficacy of the combination of MDR1 inhibitors plus BV in patients with relapsed/refractory HL. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Chen: Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millenium: Consultancy, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau. Kwak:Antigenics: Equity Ownership; Celltrion: Consultancy; XEME BioPharma: Consultancy, Equity Ownership; Sella Life Sciences: Consultancy.
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Hwang, Hee-sun, Gi-Jun Sung, Kyung-Ah Kim, Ky-Youb Nam, Kyu-Tae Kim, June H. Han, Jeong-Hyeok Yoon, et al. "Abstract 7153: PHI-101 synergizes with chemotherapy and venetoclax in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 7153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-7153.
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Abstract FLT3 mutations are one of the most frequent genetic alterations in AML, resulting in poor prognosis. Although the development of FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provided new treatment options, patients with FLT3-mutant AML still suffer from high relapse rates when treated with FLT3 TKI alone. Accumulating evidence supports a combination treatment strategy to lower the recurrence rate. We have previously shown that PHI-101 demonstrated potent activity in various FLT3 mutant AML cell lines when used alone. Here we explore the use of PHI-101 in combination with other therapeutics in preclinical models of AML. We investigated the preclinical efficacy of the combination of PHI-101 with FDA-approved AML therapeutic agents in FLT3 mutant (MV4-11, Molm13, Molm14) and wild-type (THP-1) AML cell lines. Cell growth inhibition was assessed by CCK-8 and/or CellTiter-Glo assays. The Chou-Talalay method was used to calculate the combination index (CI) to test for synergy. Western blotting analysis was performed to explore the potential mechanisms underlying the combination effects. AML xenograft mouse models were used to assess the in vivo efficacy of PHI-101 combination therapy. Statistical comparisons included unpaired t-tests or one-way ANOVA. Combination treatment of PHI-101 with venetoclax or azacytidine showed strong synergistic effects on growth inhibition against both FLT3-ITD mutant (CI<0.3) and wild-type AML cells (CI <0.6). It is noteworthy that the FLT3-ITD homozygous cell line (MV4-11) showed especially strong synergism (CI <0.1). In the xenograft mouse model experiments, 14-day treatment with either PHI-101 alone or in combination with venetoclax or azacytidine showed significant suppression of tumor growth compared to venetoclax or azacytidine alone (in average tumor growth inhibition (TGI) 88.3% vs 8.6%)(p<0.05). In particular, PHI-101 3 mg/kg/day (mpk) with venetoclax 80mpk resulted in a stronger anti-tumor effect (TGI 94.2%) compared to PHI-101 (TGI 87.4%) or venetoclax alone (-9.6% of TGI) (p<0.05) even 21 days after stopping the treatment. In addition, PHI-101 treatment showed a survival advantage in AML animal models, and the combination with venetoclax led to significantly longer survival compared to the control groups. Our preclinical data showed that the combination of PHI-101 with venetoclax or azacytidine resulted in a highly effective anti-leukemic response against AML cells by inducing DNA damage, BCL-2 inhibition, and MCL-1 degradation. Additionally, treatment of mice with low-dose PHI-101 inhibited tumor regrowth and further potentiated venetoclax or azacytidine response in vivo. Our results suggest that the combination of PHI-101 and venetoclax or azacitidine may have the advantage of improving clinical responses in FLT3-ITD AML patients and offers a potential therapeutic option to treat patients with newly diagnosed or relapsed/refractory FLT3-mutant AML. Citation Format: Hee-sun Hwang, Gi-Jun Sung, Kyung-Ah Kim, Ky-Youb Nam, Kyu-Tae Kim, June H. Han, Jeong-Hyeok Yoon, Bao Nguyen, Li Li, Tessa Seale, Donald Small. PHI-101 synergizes with chemotherapy and venetoclax in preclinical models of acute myeloid leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 7153.
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Khan, Dr Kashif Mehboob, and Ansha Zahid. "Empirical Analysis of Vulnerabilities in Blockchain-based Smart Contracts." Sir Syed University Research Journal of Engineering & Technology 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33317/ssurj.421.
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With the evolution of technology, blockchain a swiftly impending phenomenon i.e., "decentralized computing” is observed. The emergence of Smart Contracts (SC) has resulted in advancements in the application of blockchain technology. The Ethereum network’s computing capabilities and functionalities are founded on the basis of SC. A smart contract is a self-executing agreement between buyer and seller with the terms of the settlement between them, written directly as lines of code, existing across a distributed decentralized blockchain network. It is a decentralized software that runs on a blockchain autonomously, consistently, and publicly. Conversely, due to the complex semantics of fundamental domain-specific languages and their testability, constructing reliable and secure SC can be extremely difficult. SC might contain some vulnerabilities. Security vulnerabilities can originate from financial tribulations; there are a number of notorious events that specify blockchain SC could comprise numerous code-security vulnerabilities. Security and privacy of blockchain-based SC are very important, we must first identify their vulnerabilities before implementing them widely. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive experimental evaluation of two current security testing tools: Remix solidity static analysis plugin and Solium which are used for static analysis of SC. We have conducted an empirical analysis of SC for finding tangible and factual evidence, controlled by the scientific approach. The methodology’s first step is to gather all of the Ethereum SC and store them in a repository. The next step is to use the Remix solidity static analysis plugin and Solium to perform vulnerability assessments. The last step is to analyze the result of both tools and evaluate them on the basis of accuracy and effectiveness. The goal of this empirical analysis is to evaluate the two FOSS tools: Remix solidity static analysis plugin and Solium on the basis of accuracy and effectiveness. Some research questions were considered to reach the stated goal: What automated tools and frameworks are proposed in supporting the state-of-the-art empirical approach to SC vulnerability detection? How accurate are security analysis tools? And which tool has more accuracy rate? How effectively security analysis tools are detecting vulnerabilities in SC? And which is the most effective security analysis tool? We investigated the effectiveness and accuracy of security code analysis tools on Ethereum by testing them on a random sample of vulnerable contracts. The results indicate that the tools have significant discrepancies when it comes to certain security characteristics. In terms of effectiveness and accuracy, the Remix plugin outperformed and beat the other tool.
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Ku Ismail, Ku Nor Izah, Wan Nordin Wan Hussin, and Mat Supian Salleh. "GEZ petrol station: CVP analysis and spread sheet modelling for planning and decision making." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 5, no. 3 (June 22, 2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2014-0220.
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Subject area Management Accounting and Financial Modelling. Study level/applicability Undergraduate and post-graduated levels. Case overview Aiman, the Area Manager of GEZ Berhad, realised the importance for petrol station operators to have an understanding of fundamental management accounting concepts such as cost behaviour and cost–volume–profit (CVP) analysis. He also believed that the petrol station operators should be proficient in using Microsoft Excel functionality and able to construct “intelligent” financial model with extended sensitivity analysis. Being a manager responsible for training the petrol station operators, Aiman would like to introduce the CVP concepts and spreadsheet model-building process to the petrol station operators, to aid them in planning and decision making. To construct the Excel spreadsheet model, Aiman sought the assistance of Rizal, a university lecturer in accounting, who in turn gathered the relevant operational and financial data from Baron Service Station, a typical petrol station under GEZ stable. The model should be flexible enough to allow the petrol station operator to anticipate, for example: What will happen to overall profitability of the petrol station if the fuel prices go up? What is the minimum volume of fuel that needed to be sold to break even? How much extra profit can be generated if credit card sale is reduced? and Is it viable to install an automated teller machines (ATM) kiosk and incurring administrative charges from bank to lure more customers to visit the petrol station? As the petrol station sells multiple products (petrol, diesel and convenience goods), the owner is also interested to know which product lines are the most and least profitable. Thus, the model should be able to generate segmented income statement with appropriate allocation of the common fixed costs to the each of the products. Expected learning - outcomes The case discussion is intended to achieve the following learning outcomes: students are able to prepare a financial model which include a segmented contribution income statement based on the information on product mix; students are able to calculate the break-even point and distinguish between fixed and variable costs; students are able to differentiate between traceable fixed costs and common fixed costs; students are able to build a financial model that is sufficiently flexible to allow various what if analysis to be performed; and students are able to use what if analysis tools in Excel such as Goal Seek and Data Tables. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.