Academic literature on the topic 'Lie zhao shi ji'

Since the Jin Hou Su chime-bells from the cemetery of the Jin lords at Tianma-Qucun, Shanxi, became known to the scholarly world, the problem of the dates contained in its inscription has attracted the attention of scholars both in and outside of China. In this article we discuss two aspects of this problem. First, while the “thirty-third year” date of the inscription must certainly refer to King Xuan's reign, which is to say 795 B.C., the four full date notations of the inscription are incompatible with this year, but are instead compatible with the following year, 794 B.C. This article suggests two ways to reconcile this discrepancy. Second, while there can be no doubt that Jin Hou Su is Jin Xian Hou, the “Jin shijia” chapter of the Shi ji gives his dates of reign as 822 to 812 B.C., which is in turn incompatible with either 795 or 794 B.C. However, in the Shi ji's genealogy of Jin lords, the son of Xian Hou is Mu Hou and the grandson of Mu Hou is Zhao Hou, which contradicts the zhao-mu structure of the Zhou ancestral system. Therefore, we propose that the Shiji has reversed the order of Xian Hou and Mu Hou, such that Xian Hou's reign actually extended from King Xuan's thirty-third year through his forty-third year (795-785 B.C.). Not only does this simple change in the genealogy of the Jin lords resolve the problem of the dates in the Jin Hou Su bells inscription, but it also serves to explain an entire array of problems in the chronology of early China.

The presence of water inside a lithium ion (Li-ion) battery causes several interconnected chemical mechanisms that lead to material degradation including transition metal dissolution. [1-4]. As a result, cell performance is reduced, and the cell capacity rapidly fades. To mitigate transition metal dissolution caused by trace water, research groups have proposed various approaches to scavenge and neutralize the water within different components of the cell [4-6]. These methods include using a dehydratable molecular sieve within the cathode active material powder [6], direct dosing of the electrolyte with a water scavenging additive [5], and introducing a metal organic framework with water scavenging properties by mixing it with a polymer binder to create a film for use as a separator. Results from these studies show promise in improving the cycling stability of cells under abuse conditions, such as elevated temperature and high water content in the electrolyte. While these water scavenging techniques show clear benefits to cell capacity retention, they come with the trade-off of higher material cost, more complex production processes, and lower energy density, which have limited their widespread adoption in Li-ion batteries. This study focuses on the use of “cellulose”, a cheap, abundant and naturally dehydrating biopolymer, as a separator material. Cellulose-based separators have been used in Li-ion batteries and shown to be advantageous for capacity retention of the cells. The benefits of the cellulose separators have been attributed to their superior wettability, uniform pore size distribution, high porosity, and low electrical resistance [7-10]. Despite their well-known hydrophilicity, their water scavenging capabilities have not been thoroughly evaluated. In this work, we present new insights into the interaction of water with cellulose-based separator. The water scavenging properties of the cellulose separator are investigated both outside of the battery using the Karl-Fischer Coulometric Titration technique, and inside of the battery through cycling tests. As shown in Figure 1, replacing the conventional polymer-based separator with a cellulose-based nonwoven separator resulted in a significant improvement in cycle life. Furthermore, the water scavenging mechanism of cellulose-based nonwoven separator is studied using surface chemistry characterizations, suggesting water scavenging by the naturally occurring hydrogen bonding sites of cellulose. Additional discussion on drying conditions and the impact of other fiber types are also provided. References: Etacheri, V.; Marom, R.; Elazari, R.; Salitra, G.; Aurbach, D. Challenges in the development of advanced Li-ion batteries: a review. Energy & Environmental Science 2011, 4 (9), 3243-3262. Yoon, T.; Park, S.; Mun, J.; Ryu, J. H.; Choi, W.; Kang, Y.-S.; Park, J.-H.; Oh, S. M. Failure mechanisms of LiNi0. 5Mn1. 5O4 electrode at elevated temperature. Journal of power sources 2012, 215, 312-316. Lux, S.; Lucas, I.; Pollak, E.; Passerini, S.; Winter, M.; Kostecki, R. The mechanism of HF formation in LiPF6 based organic carbonate electrolytes. Electrochemistry Communications 2012, 14 (1), 47-50 Chang, Z.; Qiao, Y.; Deng, H.; Yang, H.; He, P.; Zhou, H. A stable high-voltage lithium-ion battery realized by an in-built water scavenger. Energy & Environmental Science 2020, 13 (4), 1197-1204. Sheha, E.; Refai, H. Water scavenger as effective electrolyte additive and hybrid binder‐free organic/inorganic cathode for Mg battery applications. Electrochimica Acta 2021, 372, 137883. Zhang, H.; Shi, L.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, Z.; Chen, H.; Zhu, J.; Yuan, S. A simple method to enhance the lifetime of Ni-rich cathode by using low-temperature dehydratable molecular sieve as water scavenger. Journal of Power Sources 2019, 435, 226773. Gwon, H.; Park, K.; Chung, S.-C.; Kim, R.-H.; Kang, J. K.; Ji, S. M.; Kim, N.-J.; Lee, S.; Ku, J.-H.; Do, E. C. A safe and sustainable bacterial cellulose nanofiber separator for lithium rechargeable batteries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2019, 116 (39), 19288-19293. Jiang, F.; Yin, L.; Yu, Q.; Zhong, C.; Zhang, J. Bacterial cellulose nanofibrous membrane as thermal stable separator for lithium-ion batteries. Journal of Power Sources 2015, 279, 21-27. Wang, Y.; Liu, X.; Sheng, J.; Zhu, H.; Yang, R. Nanoporous regenerated cellulose separator for high-performance lithium ion batteries prepared by nonsolvent-induced phase separation. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering 2021, 9 (44), 14756-14765. Lv, D.; Chai, J.; Wang, P.; Zhu, L.; Liu, C.; Nie, S.; Li, B.; Cui, G. Pure cellulose lithium-ion battery separator with tunable pore size and improved working stability by cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydrate polymers 2021, 251, 116975. Figure 1

Electricity and heat generation contribute 25% of greenhouse gas emissions globally.1 Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are prospective devices for long-duration energy storage, which is required to integrate more renewable energy sources onto the electricity grid.2 RFBs have a modular design with decoupled power and energy ratings, allowing them to be scaled to suit grid-level energy storage requirements. The development of aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs), such as quinone-based systems, is gaining momentum because they are potentially cheaper, safer and more sustainable than vanadium-based RFBs.3-5 However, the crossover of redox-active species through the separator membrane can lead to irreversible capacity fade, limiting their lifetime and economic viability.6 It has previously been demonstrated that in situ spectroscopic techniques are powerful tools for determining reaction mechanisms in redox flow batteries.5,7 Here, we explore how solution-state in situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy can be used to study the crossover of electrolytes in AORFBs. We demonstrate that in situ solution NMR spectroscopy can be used to characterise transport in operating AORFBs with high temporal resolution and minimal system disturbance. This method can therefore be applied to investigate how crossover is governed by structure-property relationships and the charging protocols used. Furthermore, polymer-electrolyte interactions within the membrane can be probed using complementary solid-state NMR studies. Together, these fundamental studies will ultimately advance our understanding of electrolyte crossover, so that improved separator membranes can be developed. References: Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report; Pachauri, R. K., Mayer, L., Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Eds.; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Geneva, Switzerland, 2015. Rugolo, J.; Aziz, M. J., Energy Environ. Sci. 5 7151-7160 (2012). Lin, K.; Chen, Q.; Gerhardt, M. R.; Tong, L.; Kim, S. B.; Eisenach, L.; Valle, A. W.; Hardee, D.; Gordon, R. G.; Aziz, M. J.; Marshak, M. P., Science 349, 1529-1532 (2015). Kwabi, D. G.; Lin, K.; Ji, Y.; Kerr, E. F.; Goulet, M.-A.; De Porcellinis, D.; Tabor, D. P.; Pollack, D. A.; Aspuru-Guzik, A.; Gordon, R. G.; Aziz, M. J., Joule 2, 1894–1906 (2018). Zhao, E. W.; Liu, T.; Jónsson, E.; Lee, J.; Temprano, I.; Jethwa, R. B.; Wang, A.; Smith, H.; Carretero-González, J.; Song, Q.; Grey, C. P., Nature 579, 224–228 (2020). Tan, R.; Wang, A.; Malpass-Evans, R.; Williams, R.; Zhao, E. W.; Liu, T.; Ye, C.; Zhou, X.; Darwich, B. P.; Fan, Z.; Turcani, L.; Jackson, E.; Chen, L.; Chong, S. Y.; Li, T.; Jelfs, K. E.; Cooper, A. I.; Brandon, N. P.; Grey, C. P.; McKeown, N. B.; Song, Q., Mater. 19, 195–202 (2020). Zhao, E. W.; Jónsson, E.; Jethwa, R. B.; Hey, D.; Lyu, D.; Brookfield, A.; Klusener, P. A. A.; Collison, D.; Grey, C. P., Am. Chem. Soc. 143, 1885–1895 (2021).

The chemical vapour deposition method is widely used to synthesise high quality graphene with a large surface area. However, the cooling process leads to the formations of ripples and wrinkles in the graphene structure. When a self-adhered wrinkle achieves the maximum height, it then folds onto the surface and leads to a collapsed wrinkle. The presence of such deformations often affects the properties of graphene. In this article, we describe a novel mathematical model to understand the formation and geometry of these wrinkles. The stability of these wrinkles is examined based on variational derivations for the energy of each structure. The model provides detailed explanations for the geometry of these wrinkles which would help in tuning their properties. References J. Aljedani, M. J. Chen, and B. J. Cox. Variational model for collapsed graphene wrinkles. Appl. Phys. A 127.11, 886 (2021), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s00339-021-05000-y A. A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, and C. N. Lau. Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene. Nano Lett. 8.3 (2008), pp. 902–907. doi: 10.1021/nl0731872 S. Chen, Q. Li, Q. Zhang, Y. Qu, H. Ji, R. S. Ruoff, and W. Cai. Thermal conductivity measurements of suspended graphene with and without wrinkles by micro-Raman mapping. Nanotech. 23.36, 365701 (2012). doi: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/36/365701 on p. C85). B. J. Cox, T. Dyer, and N. Thamwattana. A variational model for conformation of graphene wrinkles formed on a shrinking solid metal substrate. Mat. Res. Express 7.8, 085001 (2020). doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/abaa8f A. K. Geim. Graphene: Status and prospects. Science 324.5934 (2009), pp. 1530–1534. doi: 10.1126/science.1158877 on p. C85). K. Kostarelos and K. S. Novoselov. Graphene devices for life. Nature Nanotech. 9 (2014), pp. 744–745. doi: 10.1038/nnano.2014.224 F. Long, P. Yasaei, R. Sanoj, W. Yao, P. Král, A. Salehi-Khojin, and R. Shahbazian-Yassar. Characteristic work function variations of graphene line defects. ACS Appl. Mat. Inter. 8.28 (2016), pp. 18360–18366. doi: 10.1021/acsami.6b04853 R. Muñoz and C. Gómez-Aleixandre. Review of CVD synthesis of graphene. Chem. Vapor Dep. 19.10–12 (2013), pp. 297–322. doi: 10.1002/cvde.201300051 L. Spanu, S. Sorella, and G. Galli. Nature and strength of interlayer binding in graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103.19, 196401 (2009). doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.196401 T. Verhagen, B. Pacakova, M. Bousa, U. Hübner, M. Kalbac, J. Vejpravova, and O. Frank. Superlattice in collapsed graphene wrinkles. Sci. Rep. 9.1, 9972 (2019). doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-46372-9 C. Wang, Y. Liu, L. Li, and H. Tan. Anisotropic thermal conductivity of graphene wrinkles. Nanoscale 6.11 (2014), pp. 5703–5707. doi: 10.1039/C4NR00423J W. Wang, S. Yang, and A. Wang. Observation of the unexpected morphology of graphene wrinkle on copper substrate. Sci. Rep. 7.1 (2017), pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08159-8 Y. Wang, R. Yang, Z. Shi, L. Zhang, D. Shi, E. Wang, and G. Zhang. Super-elastic graphene ripples for flexible strain sensors. ACS Nano 5.5 (2011), pp. 3645–3650. doi: 10.1021/nn103523t Y. Wei, B. Wang, J. Wu, R. Yang, and M. L. Dunn. Bending rigidity and Gaussian bending stiffness of single-layered graphene. Nano Lett. 13.1 (2013), pp. 26–30. doi: 10.1021/nl303168w Z. Xu and M. J. Buehler. Interface structure and mechanics between graphene and metal substrates: A first-principles study. J. Phys.: Cond. Mat. 22.48, 485301 (2010). doi: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/48/485301 Y. Zhang, N. Wei, J. Zhao, Y. Gong, and T. Rabczuk. Quasi-analytical solution for the stable system of the multi-layer folded graphene wrinkles. J. Appl. Phys. 114.6, 063511 (2013). doi: 10.1063/1.4817768 W. Zhu, T. Low, V. Perebeinos, A. A. Bol, Y. Zhu, H. Yan, J. Tersoff, and P. Avouris. Structure and electronic transport in graphene wrinkles. Nano Lett. 12.7 (2012), pp. 3431–3436. doi: 10.1021/nl300563h

Global energy depletion has become an irreversible fact. Researchers have vigorously pursued the development of renewable energy sources. It is well known that once renewable energy is produced, energy storage devices are needed to store the energy. Supercapacitor (SC) is considered to be a very promising energy storage device because of its long cycle life, high performance, and cost-effectiveness. As emerging SC devices, a battery-type electrode and a double-layer capacitor-type electrode as the anode and the cathode assembles a hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) well [1, 2]. Using anode materials to provide high capacitance, the purpose of the high energy density of HSC devices is achieved [3]. Nickel sulfide (Ni3S2) has tremendous potential for energy storage and conversion due to its impressive theoretical capacitance and high redox rate. Previous studies have demonstrated that optimizing the electronic structure can enhance the electrical conductivity of transition metal sulfides [4]. Aggrandizing surface defects and introducing impurities are effective strategies to modulate the electronic structure. Interestingly, the generation of sulfur vacancies on metal sulfides can modulate their electronic structure and elevate electrical conductivity. On the other hand, introducing foreign metals into Ni3S2 materials is another promising strategy to modulate the electronic structure [5]. The doping of molybdenum ions can optimize the electronic structure configuration. Mo doping works in concert with the vacancies to achieve a dual regulation of the electronic structure. However, few reports have been devoted to modulating the electronic structure by combining the two effective strategies mentioned above. To our knowledge, studies on the optimal amount of Mo doping to achieve the best electrochemical properties in the synthesis of Ni3S2 have not been adequately considered so far [6]. [Figure insert] Figure. 1 (a) Crystal structures of NS and MNS, (b) ESR spectra of 0.75-MNS, (c) Comparative plots of the split peaks of the Ni 2p curves of 0.5-MNS, 0.75-MNS and 1.0-MNS, (d) High resolution XPS spectra of Mo 3d, (e) CV curves at 2 mV s−1, (f) GCD curves at 1 A g− 1, and (g) Ragone plot. Here, we propose that prepared Mo-doped Ni3S2 (denoted as MNS) by a one-pot hydrothermal method, which achieves the simultaneous two strategies of introducing impurities and increasing surface defects and attains a double optimization of the electronic structure of Ni3S2 materials (Fig. 1). To further shorten the charge transfer distance, the MNS is grown on nickel foam while avoiding the need for large amounts of conductive additives and adhesives. The prepared MNS microscopic features exhibit coral-like nanoclusters with a specific capacitance of 1531.2 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 when the Mo salt is added at 0.75 mmol. Furthermore, an HSC device was fabricated by utilizing the activated carbon (AC) electrode and MNS electrode, showing satisfying energy density (32.85 Wh kg−1 at 800 W kg−1). This work demonstrates the potential of MNS electrodes as anodes for HSC. References [1] Y. Ma, L. Zhang, Z. Yan, B. Cheng, J. Yu, T. Liu, Advanced Energy Materials (2022) 2103820. [2] He, W., Chen, K., Pathak, R., Hummel, M., Reza, K. M., Ghimire, N., Pokharel. J., Lu. S., Gu. Z., Qiao, Q., Zhou, Y. Chemical Engineering Journal (2021) 414, 128638.. [3] L. Xu, W. Zhou, S. Chao, Y. Liang, X. Zhao, C. Liu, J. Xu, Advanced Energy Materials (2022) 2200101. [4] Adhamash, E., Pathak, R., Chen, K., Rahman, M. T., El-Magrous, A., Gu, Z., Lu, S., Qiao, Q., Zhou, Y. Electrochimica Acta (2020) 362, 137148 [5] X. Luo, P. Ji, P. Wang, R. Cheng, D. Chen, C. Lin, J. Zhang, J. He, Z. Shi, N. Li, S. Xiao, S. Mu, Advanced Energy Materials (2020) 1903891. [6] Yan, C., Yang, X., Lu, S., Han, E., Chen, G., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., He, Y. Journal of Alloys and Compounds (2022) 928, 167189. Figure 1

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 本文對《杜陵詩律五十一格》（存錄於朝鮮本《木天禁語》，1555年刊。簡稱《五十一格》）進行考察結論如下。第一，該書爲詩格著作，但在選詩上具有七律專門、整首采錄、重視夔州詩等特點，同時從拗體、起承轉结等方面論詩，由此判斷該書非唐五代之作。第二，根據起承轉結内容的存在，對起承轉合起源于元代楊仲弘或宋代經義的學說發出質疑，提出元代的起承轉合論來源於以《五十一格》、“三氏杜詩注”爲代表的杜詩研究。三，根據范德機的律詩篇法十三格，以及爲范氏言明的十三格與《詩苑類格》的承繼關係提出：《五十一格》中從全詩角度分析句聯關係的論詩手法，可能在李淑《詩苑類格》（1039年）中已經存在，《五十一格》的成書可能在該書前後。第四，根據詩序的特殊排列，尤其是連章組詩的分離現象推測：本書没有受到王洙杜詩集的影響，從而否定了所有杜詩研究都以王洙本爲資料來源的傳統學說。第五，根據《五十一格》中前後注並存以及繼承篇“三氏杜詩注”的存在推測：此書在相當長的時期内受到了廣泛重視和研究。第六，通過與趙次公杜注比較得出：《五十一格》可能產生於經典式注釋方法運用於杜詩研究之前，其成書可能早於趙次公注及王洙注。 The results of my investigation conducted on the work entitled Du Ling’s Prosody: 51 Patterns (Du Ling shi lü wu shi yi ge) (as recorded in the Korean edition, Secrets of the Tang Imperial College〈Mutian jinyu〉, published in 1555, or called the 51 Patterns in short) are as follows. First, the book in question is an analysis in the forms and meter of regulated verse (shi). However, because of the following characteristics, this paper determines that it is not a work of the late Tang or early 5 Dynasties periods: in its choice of poems, the 51 Patterns focuses exclusively on qilü; it records poems in their entirety; it displays a preference for Du Fu’s Kuizhou period verse; and at the same time it discusses regulated verse in terms of such aspects as aoti, or non-conforming verse, and the qi cheng zhuan jie (introduction/ elucidation/ reversal/ conclusion) method of analysis. Second, judging from the presence of the qi cheng zhuan jie method, this paper questions the assumption that this method of analysis originated with Yang Zhonghong in the Yuan Dynasty, or with the Song Dynasty imperial examination system, and suggests that the origins of the qi cheng zhuan jie method lie in the early works of Du Fu poetry studies, the 51 Patterns and Three Du Fu Commentators” (San shi Du shi zhu) for example. Third, on the basis of the 13 patterns of regulated verse composition given by the Yuan poet Fan Deji (Fan Guo, 1272-1339) , which the poet himself explicitly states to be derived from Li Shu’s Typology of Poetry (Shi yuan lei ge, 1039) , this paper suggests that the critical method of analyzing the relationships between the lines of a poem from the standpoint of its entirety, may have already existed in Typology of Poetry; therefore the 51 Patterns was possibly completed around the same time as the Typology. Fourth, on the basis of the peculiar ordering of the poems in the 51 Patterns, especially in its separation of some pieces which belong to a series of poems under the same title in later collections, this paper speculates that the work was not influenced by Wang Zhu’s Collected Poems of Du Fu ( Wang Zhu Du shi ji, 1039; published in 1059) , and thus it contradicts the traditional theory that all Du Fu Poetry studies take the Wang Zhu collection as their source material. Fifth, on the basis of the coexistence of both original and later commentaries in this work, as well as the existence of the subsequent piece, “Three Du Fu Commentators”, which carries on the work of the 51 Patterns, this paper speculates that the 51 Patterns enjoyed a relatively long period of extensive serious consideration and study. Finally, through a comparison with Zhao Cigong’ s Du Fu commentaries, this paper concludes that the 51 Patterns may have been produced before the standard classical method of annotation was applied to Du Fu poetry studies.

Abstract This study identifies two textual strata in the “Zhao shijia” of the Shi ji: the “wo 我 stratum” and the “legendary stratum.” While the “wo stratum” points to the existence of Zhao local historical records, the “legendary stratum” reveals an interpretive framework that guides the chapter's presentation of the Zhao history toward the central concern and anxiety over the succession of lineage and power. The series of prophetic dreams and supernatural encounters that were emplotted in the narrative of Zhao history comprise this “legendary stratum” and point toward a key figure, King Wuling of Zhao, during whose time the Zhao state reached its pinnacle of power and prosperity. Accounts that are clearly fabrications, such as the story of the orphan of Zhao and later prophecies of the decline of the Zhao, show hidden connections to the personal experience of Sima Qian and to possible political dissent and discourses criticizing Emperor Wu of Han. In identifying such fabricated “empty writing” hidden in the chapter's framework of interpretive emplotment, this article aims to offer one way to read the Shi ji's account for the hereditary house of Zhao that follows a coherent pattern on the meta-level of historical narrative.

This paper reconsiders the dating of the Houma covenant texts in light of new findings from the Wenxian covenant texts. Dating of the Houma covenants has focused on matching certain names found in the Houma covenants to names and events in historical texts. These include the name of the sanctioning spirit invoked in the covenants, and that of the covenant lord overseeing the covenants. I argue that the sanctioning spirit is not, as is often proposed, a former lord of Jin, but a mountain spirit called Lord Yue, and, as such, has no bearing on the dating of the texts. I further argue that the use of the personal name of a Han lineage leader in the Wenxian covenants strongly supports the identification of the figure referred to as jia 嘉 in the Houma texts as the historical Zhao Jia (Zhao Huan Zi). I suggest that the mention of Zhao Jia in the recently published Chu-slips Xinian implies that Zhao Jia came to the leadership of the Zhao lineage around 442 B.C.E., well before 424 B.C.E., the date of his single-year reign reported in the Shi ji. I conclude that the Houma covenants include materials that may be linked to the Zhao Wu incident of the early fifth-century B.C.E., but that those materials in which Zhao Jia is named as the covenant lord probably date to sometime between 442 and 424 B.C.E.

Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėjama klasikinio daoizmo pagrindėjų - Laozi ir Zhuangzi - idėjų transformacija įtakingoje Kinijos menininkų intelektualų (wenrenhua) estetikoje. Darbas pagrįstas autentiškais šaltiniais (klasikinio daoizmo tekstais - “Laozi”, “Zhuangzi” bei tapybos teorijos ir estetikos veikalais - Gu Kaizhi “Lun hua”(“Apie tapybą”), “Hua Yuntaishan ji” (“Užrašai apie tai, kaip tapyti Debesų terasos kalną”), Zong Bingo “Hua shanshui xu” (“Įvadas į peizažinę tapybą”), Wang Wei (415-145) “Xu hua” (“Įvadas į tapybą”), Xie He “Guhua pinlu” (“Senosios tapybos principai”), Wang Wei (701-769) “Shanshui jue” (“Peizažinės tapybos paslaptys”), “Shanshui lun” (“Apie peizažinę tapybą”, Shi Tao “Kugua heshang hualu” (“Vienuolio, vardu Kartus Moliūgas, pasakojimai apie tapybą”), Su Shi, Mi Fu, Ni Zanio, Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichango ir kt. traktatais. Remiantis daoistiniais filosofiniais-estetiniais principais (Dao, qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), xu (tuštumas) ir kt.) bei pamatinėmis menininkų intelektualų estetikos kategorijomis (shen (dvasia), yi (idėja-mintis), qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), sheng (gyvybė, gyvybingumas) bei jų deriniais - zhuan shen, shenqi, shengqi ir kt.) atskleidiama, kaip Laozi ir Zhuangzi idėjos iš esmės nulėmė visą tolesnę wenrenhua estetikos sklaidą.

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 本文考訂楊伯峻《春秋左傳注》（以下簡稱《左傳注》），以《左傳》成公二年爲範圍，討論“無能爲役”“詰朝”、“朝食”、“大户”四則。經詞例分析，“無能爲役”之“役”當爲名詞，應從《左傳》襄公十七年《春秋左傳集解》（以下簡稱《集解》）釋爲“役事”，較《左傳注》解作“僕役”適洽。《左傳》四見“詰朝”，《集解》於三處釋“平旦”、一處釋“明朝”，《左傳注》解作明日早晨。本文讀“詰”爲“佶”而訓爲“正”，先秦典籍“正”字常有“平”義；至於“朝”與“旦”皆有“早”義，故“詰朝”即“平旦”。《左傳注》謂“朝食”爲早上進食，《史記》則將“朝食”寫爲“會食”。然就《左傳》載齊頃公“余姑翦滅此而朝食”語，顯是自認可在早上結束戰争，故“朝食”仍應解爲在早上進食。《集解》釋“大户”爲“閲民户口”而《左傳注》解作“清理户口”，“大户”之“大”應讀爲“汏”。《説文》謂“汏”字本義爲“淅㶕”，即後世所謂淘洗，沙汏、淘汏皆自“汏”字本義引申。從另一角度言，“淅㶕”亦有清理、計算義；且《左傳》“閲”字亦有“計算”義，故《集解》釋“大户”爲“閲民户口”即計算户籍，乃讀“大”爲“汏”。 This article examines four phrases in Yang Bojun’s Commentary on the Zuo Tradition of the Spring and Autumn Annals (hereafter Yang’s Commentary), namely “wu neng wei yi” 無能爲役, “jie chao” 詰朝, “zhao shi” 朝食, and “da hu” 大户, which are found in the second year of Duke Cheng of Lu (589 B.C.) in the Zuozhuan. According to the analysis of a register of example phrases, the word “yi” in the phrase “wu neng wei yi” should be regarded as a noun, which refers to “service matter” as seen in Duke Xiang 17 in Collective Exegeses on the Zuo Tradition of the Spring and Autumn Annals (hereafter, Collective Exegeses). This reading makes more sense than Yang’s Commentary, in which the word is glossed as “servant.” The phrase “jie chao” occurs four times in Zuozhuan. In Collective Exegeses it is glossed as “dawn” three times and as “the next morning” once. In Yang’s Commentary, however, all four occurrences are glossed as “the next morning.” The present article reads “jie” 詰 as “ji” 佶 and glosses it as “zheng” 正 (“the horizon”). In pre-Qin texts, the character “zheng” often carries the meaning of “the horizon.” The characters “chao” and “dan” both mean “dawn.” Therefore, the phrase “jie chao” refers to “dawn.” In Collective Exegeses, the phrase “zhao shi” is glossed as “eating a meal in the morning.” In the Shiji, “zhao shi” is written as “hui shi” 會食; however, the Zuozhuan records a sentence said by Duke Qing of Qi, “Yu gu jian mie ci er zhao shi” 余姑翦滅此而朝食, which clearly refers to a statement to himself that the battle could be over in the morning. Therefore, “zhao shi’ should still be understood as “eating a meal in the morning.” The Collective Exegeses glosses the phrase “da hu” as to “check on” (“yue” 閲) household occupants, while Yang’s Commentary glosses it as “canceling one’s residence registration.” Therefore, “da” should be read as “tai” 汏. According to the Shuowen, the original meaning of “tai” is “to wash in a pan or basket” (“xi jian” 淅㶕); referring to weeding out something/someone in today’s parlance. Moreover, several other phrases such as “sha tai” 沙汰 and “tao tai” 淘汰 were derived from the same original meaning. From another angle, the phrase “xi jian” also carries the meanings of “checking” or “calculating.” In the Zuozhuan, the word “yue” also means “calculating”; therefore, the phrase “da hu” means “checking on (“yue”) the household occupants or, in other words, to calculate household registries. The word “da” should be read as “tai”.

碩士
淡江大學
中國文學學系
92
Since Lin, Chuan-Jia’s Chinese Literary History in 1910, types of books of Chinese literary history have been published. Though each book has its own point of view, the difference among them always represents one kind of perspective on literary history. While investigating ancient documents, it has been found the property of some of them is similar to that of modern literary history works. If the focus is on periodical literary history, the one which has been discussed most frequently is Lie-chao Shi-ji written by Qian, Qian-Yi. The reason why Qian’s work has been discussed by both ancient and modern scholars is because of not only his own moral fortitude, but also his great talent. Particularly, Qian has seriously criticized the literature in Ming dynasty, and these criticisms are revealed clearly in Lie-chao Shi-ji. Accordingly, the purpose of this thesis is to investigate Qian’s perspective on literary history based on this book and then compare it with Zhu, Yi-Zun’s Ming-shi-zhong in order to further demonstrate two ways of dealing with literary history and confirm the significance of Lie-chao Shi-ji.

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