Academic literature on the topic 'LiDAR'

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Journal articles on the topic "LiDAR"

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Glukhov, V. A., and Yu A. Goldin. "Marine profiling lidars and their application for oceanological problems." Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics 17, no. 1 (April 21, 2024): 104–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.59887/2073-6673.2024.17(1)-9.

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The review focuses on research conducted using profiling (radiometric) lidars. The paper presents the current state of lidar surveying equipment, methods for processing lidar data, and describes the problems of scientific and practical interest in oceanology that can be solved using lidar sensing. The review does not cover issues related to laser bathymetry, spectral (Raman) and spaceborne lidars, as they are separate specific fields. The main focus is on recent research in profiling lidar field. Summary tables of the technical characteristics of several of the most interesting airborne and shipborne lidars are provided. Their design features are discussed. Results from using lidars to determine near-surface hydrooptical characteristics, including employing polarization lidars and recently developed high-resolution spectral lidars, are presented. Findings from observing thin scattering layers across various aquatic regions are shown. The paper explores theoretical studies on lidar images of internal waves and experimental observations of internal waves in waters with different hydrooptical stratification. Lidars' application in addressing fisheries-related issues is examined. An overview of current development trends and future research directions is provided.
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Wang, Lihua, Michael J. Newchurch, Raul J. Alvarez II, Timothy A. Berkoff, Steven S. Brown, William Carrion, Russell J. De Young, et al. "Quantifying TOLNet ozone lidar accuracy during the 2014 DISCOVER-AQ and FRAPPÉ campaigns." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 10, no. 10 (October 23, 2017): 3865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-3865-2017.

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Abstract. The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is a unique network of lidar systems that measure high-resolution atmospheric profiles of ozone. The accurate characterization of these lidars is necessary to determine the uniformity of the network calibration. From July to August 2014, three lidars, the TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) lidar, the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, and the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), of TOLNet participated in the Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) mission and the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment (FRAPPÉ) to measure ozone variations from the boundary layer to the top of the troposphere. This study presents the analysis of the intercomparison between the TROPOZ, TOPAZ, and LMOL lidars, along with comparisons between the lidars and other in situ ozone instruments including ozonesondes and a P-3B airborne chemiluminescence sensor. The TOLNet lidars measured vertical ozone structures with an accuracy generally better than ±15 % within the troposphere. Larger differences occur at some individual altitudes in both the near-field and far-field range of the lidar systems, largely as expected. In terms of column average, the TOLNet lidars measured ozone with an accuracy better than ±5 % for both the intercomparison between the lidars and between the lidars and other instruments. These results indicate that these three TOLNet lidars are suitable for use in air quality, satellite validation, and ozone modeling efforts.
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Newman, Jennifer F., and Andrew Clifton. "An error reduction algorithm to improve lidar turbulence estimates for wind energy." Wind Energy Science 2, no. 1 (February 10, 2017): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-2-77-2017.

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Abstract. Remote-sensing devices such as lidars are currently being investigated as alternatives to cup anemometers on meteorological towers for the measurement of wind speed and direction. Although lidars can measure mean wind speeds at heights spanning an entire turbine rotor disk and can be easily moved from one location to another, they measure different values of turbulence than an instrument on a tower. Current methods for improving lidar turbulence estimates include the use of analytical turbulence models and expensive scanning lidars. While these methods provide accurate results in a research setting, they cannot be easily applied to smaller, vertically profiling lidars in locations where high-resolution sonic anemometer data are not available. Thus, there is clearly a need for a turbulence error reduction model that is simpler and more easily applicable to lidars that are used in the wind energy industry. In this work, a new turbulence error reduction algorithm for lidars is described. The Lidar Turbulence Error Reduction Algorithm, L-TERRA, can be applied using only data from a stand-alone vertically profiling lidar and requires minimal training with meteorological tower data. The basis of L-TERRA is a series of physics-based corrections that are applied to the lidar data to mitigate errors from instrument noise, volume averaging, and variance contamination. These corrections are applied in conjunction with a trained machine-learning model to improve turbulence estimates from a vertically profiling WINDCUBE v2 lidar. The lessons learned from creating the L-TERRA model for a WINDCUBE v2 lidar can also be applied to other lidar devices. L-TERRA was tested on data from two sites in the Southern Plains region of the United States. The physics-based corrections in L-TERRA brought regression line slopes much closer to 1 at both sites and significantly reduced the sensitivity of lidar turbulence errors to atmospheric stability. The accuracy of machine-learning methods in L-TERRA was highly dependent on the input variables and training dataset used, suggesting that machine learning may not be the best technique for reducing lidar turbulence intensity (TI) error. Future work will include the use of a lidar simulator to better understand how different factors affect lidar turbulence error and to determine how these errors can be reduced using information from a stand-alone lidar.
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Wing, Robin, Sophie Godin-Beekmann, Wolfgang Steinbrecht, Thomas J. McGee, John T. Sullivan, Sergey Khaykin, Grant Sumnicht, and Laurence Twigg. "Evaluation of the new DWD ozone and temperature lidar during the Hohenpeißenberg Ozone Profiling Study (HOPS) and comparison of results with previous NDACC campaigns." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): 3773–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-3773-2021.

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Abstract. A newly upgraded German Weather Service (DWD) ozone and temperature lidar (HOH) located at the Hohenpeißenberg Meteorological Observatory (47.8∘ N, 11.0∘ E) has been evaluated through comparison with the travelling standard lidar operated by NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA GSFC Stratospheric Ozone (STROZ) lidar), satellite overpasses from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER), the Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), meteorological radiosondes launched from Munich (65 km northeast), and locally launched ozonesondes. The “blind” evaluation was conducted under the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC) using 10 clear nights of measurements in 2018 and 2019. The campaign, referred to as the Hohenpeißenberg Ozone Profiling Study (HOPS), was conducted within the larger context of NDACC validation activities for European lidar stations. There was good agreement between all ozone lidar measurements in the range of 15 to 41 km with relative differences between co-located ozone profiles of less than ±10 %. Differences in the measured ozone number densities between the lidars and the locally launched ozone sondes were also generally less than 5 % below 30 km. The satellite ozone profiles demonstrated some differences with respect to the ground-based lidars which are due to sampling differences and geophysical variation. Both the original and new DWD lidars continue to meet the NDACC standard for lidar ozone profiles by exceeding 3 % accuracy between 16.5 and 43 km. Temperature differences for all instruments were less than ±5 K below 60 km, with larger differences present in the lidar–satellite comparisons above this region. Temperature differences between the DWD lidars met the NDACC accuracy requirements of ±1 K between 17 and 78 km. A unique cross-comparison between the HOPS campaign and a similar, recent campaign at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (Lidar Validation NDACC Experiment; LAVANDE) allowed for an investigation into potential biases in the NASA-STROZ reference lidar. The reference lidar may slightly underestimate ozone number densities above 43 km with respect to the French and German NDACC lidars. Below 20 km, the reference lidar temperatures profiles are 5 to 10 K cooler than the temperatures which are reported by the other instruments.
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Newchurch, Michael J., Raul J. Alvarez, Timothy A. Berkoff, William Carrion, Russell J. DeYoung, Rene Ganoe, Guillaume Gronoff, et al. "TOLNet ozone lidar intercomparison during the discover-aq and frappé campaigns." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 10007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817610007.

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The Tropospheric Ozone Lidar Network (TOLNet) is a unique network of lidar systems that measure atmospheric profiles of ozone and aerosols, to contribute to air-quality studies, atmospheric modeling, and satellite validation efforts. The accurate characterization of these lidars is of critical interest, and is necessary to determine cross-instrument calibration uniformity. From July to August 2014, three lidars, the TROPospheric OZone (TROPOZ) lidar, the Tunable Optical Profiler for Aerosol and oZone (TOPAZ) lidar, and the Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar (LMOL), of TOLNet participated in the “Deriving Information on Surface conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality” (DISCOVER-AQ) mission and the “Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Éxperiment” (FRAPPÉ) to measure sub-hourly ozone variations from near the surface to the top of the troposphere. Although large differences occur at few individual altitudes in the near field and far field range, the TOLNet lidars agree with each other within ±4%. These results indicate excellent measurement accuracy for the TOLNet lidars that is suitable for use in air-quality and ozone modeling efforts.
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Chaikovsky, Anatoli, Oleg Dubovik, Brent Holben, Andrey Bril, Philippe Goloub, Didier Tanré, Gelsomina Pappalardo, et al. "Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for the retrieval of vertical aerosol properties from combined lidar/radiometer data: development and distribution in EARLINET." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 9, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 1181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-1181-2016.

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Abstract. This paper presents a detailed description of LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm for simultaneous processing of coincident lidar and radiometric (sun photometric) observations for the retrieval of the aerosol concentration vertical profiles. As the lidar/radiometric input data we use measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars and collocated sun-photometers of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The LIRIC data processing provides sequential inversion of the combined lidar and radiometric data. The algorithm starts with the estimations of column-integrated aerosol parameters from radiometric measurements followed by the retrieval of height dependent concentrations of fine and coarse aerosols from lidar signals using integrated column characteristics of aerosol layer as a priori constraints. The use of polarized lidar observations allows us to discriminate between spherical and non-spherical particles of the coarse aerosol mode.The LIRIC software package was implemented and tested at a number of EARLINET stations. Intercomparison of the LIRIC-based aerosol retrievals was performed for the observations by seven EARLINET lidars in Leipzig, Germany on 25 May 2009. We found close agreement between the aerosol parameters derived from different lidars that supports high robustness of the LIRIC algorithm. The sensitivity of the retrieval results to the possible reduction of the available observation data is also discussed.
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Chaikovsky, A., O. Dubovik, B. Holben, A. Bril, P. Goloub, D. Tanré, G. Pappalardo, et al. "Lidar-Radiometer Inversion Code (LIRIC) for the retrieval of vertical aerosol properties from combined lidar/radiometer data: development and distribution in EARLINET." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 12 (December 7, 2015): 12759–822. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-12759-2015.

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Abstract. This paper presents a detailed description of LIRIC (LIdar-Radiometer Inversion Code) algorithm for simultaneous processing of coincident lidar and radiometric (sun photometric) observations for the retrieval of the aerosol concentration vertical profiles. As the lidar/radiometric input data we use measurements from European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET) lidars and collocated sun-photometers of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The LIRIC data processing provides sequential inversion of the combined lidar and radiometric data by the estimations of column-integrated aerosol parameters from radiometric measurements followed by the retrieval of height-dependent concentrations of fine and coarse aerosols from lidar signals using integrated column characteristics of aerosol layer as a priori constraints. The use of polarized lidar observations allows us to discriminate between spherical and non-spherical particles of the coarse aerosol mode. The LIRIC software package was implemented and tested at a number of EARLINET stations. Intercomparison of the LIRIC-based aerosol retrievals was performed for the observations by seven EARLNET lidars in Leipzig, Germany on 25 May 2009. We found close agreement between the aerosol parameters derived from different lidars that supports high robustness of the LIRIC algorithm. The sensitivity of the retrieval results to the possible reduction of the available observation data is also discussed.
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K, Mr Pramod, and Akshay M C. "LIDAR Technology." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43007.

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Abstract: Since the 1960s, LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology has been in use. LiDAR has become a common sensor as technology has advanced. Automation, agriculture, archaeology, Information technology and the quantification of various atmosphericcomponents all use LiDARs. The present manuscripts cover the operation of LiDAR, its various varieties, history, and various applications. One may determine the distance between different objects in space and construct a 3D digital representation of the region in front of LiDAR using LiDAR readings. Lidar mapping is a wellknown technique for quickly generating precise georeferenced spatial data about the Earth's shape and surface features. Lidar mapping systems and their underlying technology have recently progressed, allowing scientists and mapping professionals to investigate natural and built environments at sizes never before feasible, with greater accuracy, precision, and cost effectively provide the best aspects of the culture of human civilization. Keywords: LiDAR, LASER, RADAR
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Jie, Lu, Zhi Jin, Jinping Wang, Letian Zhang, and Xiaojun Tan. "A SLAM System with Direct Velocity Estimation for Mechanical and Solid-State LiDARs." Remote Sensing 14, no. 7 (April 4, 2022): 1741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14071741.

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Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is essential for intelligent robots operating in unknown environments. However, existing algorithms are typically developed for specific types of solid-state LiDARs, leading to weak feature representation abilities for new sensors. Moreover, LiDAR-based SLAM methods are limited by distortions caused by LiDAR ego motion. To address the above issues, this paper presents a versatile and velocity-aware LiDAR-based odometry and mapping (VLOM) system. A spherical projection-based feature extraction module is utilized to process the raw point cloud generated by various LiDARs, hence avoiding the time-consuming adaptation of various irregular scan patterns. The extracted features are grouped into higher-level clusters to filter out smaller objects and reduce false matching during feature association. Furthermore, bundle adjustment is adopted to jointly estimate the poses and velocities for multiple scans, effectively improving the velocity estimation accuracy and compensating for point cloud distortions. Experiments on publicly available datasets demonstrate the superiority of VLOM over other state-of-the-art LiDAR-based SLAM systems in terms of accuracy and robustness. Additionally, the satisfactory performance of VLOM on RS-LiDAR-M1, a newly released solid-state LiDAR, shows its applicability to a wide range of LiDARs.
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Wang, Y., K. N. Sartelet, M. Bocquet, and P. Chazette. "Assimilation of ground versus lidar observations for PM<sub>10</sub> forecasting." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 9 (September 7, 2012): 23291–331. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-23291-2012.

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Abstract. This article investigates the potential impact of future ground-based lidar networks on analysis and short-term forecasts of particulate matter with a diameter smaller than 10 μg m−3 (PM10). To do so, an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) is built for PM10 data assimilation (DA) using optimal interpolation (OI) over Europe for one month in 2001. First, using a lidar network with 12 stations, we estimate the efficiency of assimilating the lidar network measurements in improving PM10 concentration analysis and forecast. It is compared to the efficiency of assimilating concentration measurements from the AirBase ground network, which includes about 500 stations in Western Europe. It is found that assimilating the lidar observations decreases by about 54% the root mean square error (RMSE) of PM10 concentrations after 12 h of assimilation and during the first forecast day, against 59% for the assimilation of AirBase measurements. However, the assimilation of lidar observations leads to similar scores as AirBase's during the second forecast day. The RMSE of the second forecast day is improved on average over the summer month by 57% by the lidar DA, against 56% by the AirBase DA. Moreover, the spatial and temporal influence of the assimilation of lidar observations is larger and longer. The results show a potentially powerful impact of the future lidar networks. Secondly, since a lidar is a costly instrument, a sensitivity study on the number and location of required lidars is performed to help defining an optimal lidar network for PM10 forecast. With 12 lidar stations, an efficient network in improving PM10 forecast over Europe is obtained by regularly spacing the lidars. DA with a lidar network of 26 or 76 stations is compared to DA with the previously-used lidar network. The assimilation of 76 lidar stations' measurements leads to a better score than AirBase's during the forecast days.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LiDAR"

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Diaz, Rosemary Teresa. "Multifunction lidar." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679292501&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Vandermeer, Aaron D. "Lidar measurements of tropospheric aerosol from the Lidar In-space Technology Experiment." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq43408.pdf.

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Fava, Marica. "LIDAR Aviotrasportati Mediante RPAS." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.

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Tesi riguardante i LIDAR aviotrasportati mediante RPAS, cioè relativa alla realizzazione di rilievi LIDAR utilizzando come mezzo di trasporto dei sensori (Laser scanner, Piattaforma inerziale, ricevitore GPS) i droni. Nella trattazione, sono state affrontate le principali caratteristiche tecnologiche e funzionali dei vari strumenti impiegati nel rilievo LIDAR, cercando di comprenderne il ruolo individuale e la relativa sinergia.
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Helt, Michael F. "Vegetation identification with Lidar." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FHelt.pdf.

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Almqvist, Erik. "Airborne mapping using LIDAR." Thesis, Linköping University, Automatic Control, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-58866.

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Mapping is a central and common task in robotics research. Building an accurate map without human assistance provides several applications such as space missions, search and rescue, surveillance and can be used in dangerous areas. One application for robotic mapping is to measure changes in terrain volume. In Sweden there are over a hundred landfills that are regulated by laws that says that the growth of the landfill has to be measured at least once a year.

In this thesis, a preliminary study of methods for measuring terrain volume by the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) and a Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) sensor is done. Different techniques are tested, including data merging strategies and regression techniques by the use of Gaussian Processes. In the absence of real flight scenario data, an industrial robot has been used fordata acquisition. The result of the experiment was successful in measuring thevolume difference between scenarios in relation to the resolution of the LIDAR. However, for more accurate volume measurements and better evaluation of the algorithms, a better LIDAR is needed.


Kartering är ett centralt och vanligt förekommande problem inom robotik. Att bygga en korrekt karta av en robots omgivning utan mänsklig hjälp har en mängd tänkbara användningsområden. Exempel på sådana är rymduppdrag, räddningsoperationer,övervakning och användning i områden som är farliga för människor. En tillämpning för robotkartering är att mäta volymökning hos terräng över tiden. I Sverige finns det över hundra soptippar, och dessa soptippar är reglerade av lagar som säger att man måste mäta soptippens volymökning minst en gång om året.

I detta exjobb görs en undersökning av möjligheterna att göra dessa volymberäkningarmed hjälp av obemannade helikoptrar utrustade med en Light Detectionand Ranging (LIDAR) sensor. Olika tekniker har testats, både tekniker som slår ihop LIDAR data till en karta och regressionstekniker baserade på Gauss Processer. I avsaknad av data inspelad med riktig helikopter har ett experiment med en industri robot genomförts för att samla in data. Resultaten av volymmätningarnavar goda i förhållande till LIDAR-sensorns upplösning. För att få bättre volymmätningaroch bättre utvärderingar av de olika algoritmerna är en bättre LIDAR-sensor nödvändig.

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Opitz, Rachel Shira. "Lidar analysis for archaeology." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611795.

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Kim, Angela M. "Simulating full-waveform LIDAR." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FKim.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in Applied Mathematics)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Borges, Carlos F. ; Olsen, Richard C. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 6 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: LIDAR, Monte Carlo simulation, full-waveform, model. Includes bibliographical references (p. 105-108). Also available in print.
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Hedlund, Marcus. "Weather Influence on LiDAR Signals using the Transient Radiative Transfer and LiDAR Equations." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79945.

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The ongoing development of self driving cars requires accurate measuring devices and the objective of this thesis was to investigate how di↵erent weather will affect one of these devices, known as a LiDAR. A LiDAR uses pulsed laser light to measure the distance to an object. The main goal of this thesis was to solve the transient radiative transfer equation (TRTE) that describes the propagation of radiation in a scattering, absorbing and emitting media. The TRTE was solved in the frequency domain using the discrete ordinate method (DOM) and a matrix formulation. An alternative model to estimate the amplitude of the return pulse is to use the LiDAR equation which describes the attenuation of a laser pulse in a similar way as Beer-Lamberts law. The difference between the models are that the TRTE accounts for multiple scattering whereas the LiDAR equation only accounts for single scattering. This has the effect that the LiDAR equation only models the change in amplitude of the return pulse whereas the TRTE also models the broadening and shift of the pulse. Experiments were performed with a LiDAR in foggy, rainy and clear weather conditions and compared with the theoretical models. The results from the measurements showed how the amplitude of the pulse decreased in denser fog. However, no tendency to a change in pulse shift and pulse width could be seen from the measured data. Additionally, the measurements showed the effect of ambient light and temperature to the LiDAR signal and also that, even after averaging 300 waveforms, noisy data were a problem. The results from the transient radiative transfer equation showed that in a medium with large optical depth the shift and width of the pulse are highly affected. It was also shown that the amplitude of the pulse calculated with the TRTE seemed to better approximate the experimental data in fog than the LiDAR equation.
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Edvinsson, Lisette. "Analys av vinddata från lidar." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-172353.

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I denna rapport har mätningar från en lidar och mätningar från en meteorologisk mätmast jämförts. En undersökning har även gjorts för vilka atmosfäriska tillstånd som lidarn mäter bra och för vilka förhållanden den mäter mindre bra. Som referens används data från en mätmast, som antas vara korrekta. Platsen för mätningarna är över skog vilket medför mer komplex terräng än över plan mark. Olika filter har utvecklats för de atmosfäriska tillstånd då lidarn mäter sämre, för att filtrera bort de mest extrema förhållandena. Dessa filter filtrerar bort data med för mycket turbulens, låg eller negativ vertikal vinddifferens och liten återspridning. När återspridningen är liten blir antalet mätningar även litet, därför har data med litet antalet mätningar också filtrerats. Lidarn har en inbyggd korrektion för moln, denna har också undersökts och ett filter har utvecklats för data som korrigeras fel. Efter att data har filtrerats visar jämförelser mellan lidarns uppmätta horisontella vindhastighet och mastens uppmätta horisontella vindhastighet en bättre korrelation och ett mindre relativt fel. För högre höjder fås en mindre skillnad i vindhastighet mellan lidarn och masten än för lägre höjder. Jämförelse av turbulensintensitet visar också en bättre korrelation. Antalet data som blivit bortfiltrerat p.g.a. atmosfäriska tillstånd är ca 12 % för 70 m, 96 m och 138 m, för 39 m har 22 % blivit bortfiltrerat. Utifrån filtrerade data har även två olika metoder för att bestämma friktionshastigheten undersökts. Det visade sig att metoderna gav olika resultat. Den ena metoden gav sämre korrelation men bättre 1:1 förhållande medan den andra metoden gav en bättre korrelation men lidarn visade något lägre friktionshastighet än mastens mätningar.
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Staffas, Theodor. "Live 3D imaging quantum LiDAR." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-297865.

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In this thesis, I demonstrate a single­photon Light Detection And Ranging, (LiDAR)system operating at 1550 nm capable of reconstructing 3D environments live withmm resolution at a rate of 400 points per second using eye­safe laser pulses. Thesystem was built using off­-the-­shelf optical components and analysis was performedusing open-­source software. I utilise a single superconducting nanowire single photondetector (SNSPD) with 19 ps time jitter and 85% detection efficiency to achieve a 4 psdepth resolution in live measurements. I also show that by performing slightly moretime costly post analysis of the data it is possible to increase the details and smoothnessof the images. Furthermore, I show that the same LiDAR system and much of the algorithms usedfor 3D LiDAR can be used to perform Optical Time Domain reflectrometry (OTDR)measurements. I demonstrate that the system can identify interfaces between differentrefractive mediums such as fibre to fibre or fibre to air couplings with a depth resolutionof 9 mm along a single line. Using these reflections, I also show that the systemcan identify flaws in optical fibres as well as measure certain characteristics suchas absorption coefficient due to Rayleigh scattering or thermal expansion. Lastly, Idemonstrate that the same OTDR principles used in fibres can be applied to free­s-paceoptical setups and that the system can identify specific optical elements as well asmeasure the quality of the alignment of an optical system.
I detta projekt demonstrerar jag ett enstaka foton Light Detection And Ranging,(LiDAR) system som använder ljus med 1550 nm våglängd som är ofarliga för ögon.Systemet kan återskapa 3D miljöer i realtid med 400 punkter per sekund med mmprecision. Systemet är byggt med kommersiellt tillgängliga komponenter och all dataanalys utfördes med open­source mjukvaran ETA. Jag använder en superconductingnanowire single photon detector, (SNSPD) med 19 ps timing jitter och 85 % effektivitetför att uppnå en precision på 4 ps i mätningarna. Jag visar också att genom utföramer tidskrävande post­analys av datan så är det möjligt att öka upplösningen ochjämnheten i bilderna. Utöver detta visar jag att samma LiDAR system och algoritmer kan användas för attutföra Optical Time Domain reflectrometry, (OTDR) mätningar. Jag visar att systemetkan urskilja olika reflektioner från fiber till fiber och fiber till luft kopplingar. Med hjälpav dessa reflektioner visar jag också att det är möjligt att identifiera brister i optiskafiber samt mäta olika egenskaper av fibern som absorbtions koeffcient eller termiskkontraktion. Slutligen visar jag att samma principer av OTDR som används i fiber kantillämpas till free­-space optiska system och att det är möjligt att identifera olika optiskaelement samt bedömma linjeringen av det optiska systemet.
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Books on the topic "LiDAR"

1

Weitkamp, Claus, ed. Lidar. New York: Springer-Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b106786.

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Kovalev, Vladimir A., and William E. Eichinger. Elastic Lidar. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471643173.

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Vande Hey, Joshua D. A Novel Lidar Ceilometer. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12613-5.

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Beito, Karen Strand. Jubileumsskrift for Lidar sokn. Lidar: Lidar sokneråd, 2007.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. LASA: Lidar Atmospheric Sounder and Altimeter. [Washington]: NASA, 1987.

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Dong, Pinliang, and Qi Chen. LiDAR Remote Sensing and Applications. Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis, 2018.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351233354.

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Langford, Les. Understanding police traffic radar & lidar. Pleasant Grove, Utah: Law Enforcement Services, 1998.

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Banakh, V. A. Lidar in a turbulent atmosphere. Boston: Artech House, 1987.

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Gozzi, Paulo H. Como lidar com as seitas. 3rd ed. São Paulo: Edições Paulinas, 1989.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Lasar/lidar analysis and testing. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "LiDAR"

1

Shekhar, Shashi, and Hui Xiong. "LiDAR." In Encyclopedia of GIS, 612. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_691.

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Haneberg, William C. "Lidar." In Selective Neck Dissection for Oral Cancer, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12127-7_187-1.

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Leblanc, Thierry, Thomas Trickl, and Hannes Vogelmann. "Lidar." In Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour, 113–58. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3909-7_7.

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Weik, Martin H. "LIDAR." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 888. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_10139.

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Haneberg, William C. "Lidar." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 586–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73568-9_187.

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Sreevalsan-Nair, Jaya. "LiDAR." In Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26050-7_180-1.

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Sreevalsan-Nair, Jaya. "LiDAR." In Encyclopedia of Mathematical Geosciences, 735–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85040-1_180.

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Beuth, Thorsten, Christoph Parl, and Heinrich Gotzig. "LiDAR." In Handbuch Assistiertes und Automatisiertes Fahren, 357–77. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38486-9_16.

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Purkis, Samuel J., and John C. Brock. "LiDAR Overview." In Coral Reef Remote Sensing, 115–43. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9292-2_5.

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Pittman, Simon J., Bryan Costa, and Lisa M. Wedding. "LiDAR Applications." In Coral Reef Remote Sensing, 145–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9292-2_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "LiDAR"

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Stefanutti, L. "Lidar Research in the Antarctic." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.otub1.

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Lidar Research in the Antarctic goes back to the second part of the seventies. Two applications have immediately appeared: 1) study of the structure of tropospheric clouds 2) study of the aerosol loading of the Polar Stratosphere Both ground based lidar and airborne lidars have been operated.
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Churnside, J., E. P. Gordov, A. V. Khachaturyan, V. B. Shcheglov, V. V. Orlovskii, and S. B. Alekseev. "Hybrid CW-Pulsed Autodyne Doppler Lidar." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1991.wd2.

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Both the autodyne coherent lidars and conventional coherent lidars using the cw CO2-lasers have a restricted operational range while the use of the pulsed laser increases the range significantly. We try to combine high sensitivity inherent in the autodyne lidar techniques with the capabilities of the pulsed lidar. To this end the hybrid version of cw-pulsed autodyne lidar is suggested. Here both the cw-laser and the pulsed one are placed in the same resonator. The pulsed CO2-laser generates the sounding signals while the cw-laser is used here as a a high sensitive detector. Such an approach makes it possible to determine the time delay between a pulse and its echo, the Doppler frequency shift and to increase the cw autodyne lidar operational range. The description of the experimental setup and the experimental results will be reported as well.
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Eberhard, Wynn L. "Cloud Measurements by Coherent Lidar: Some Examples and Possibilities." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1991.wb1.

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Clouds are important to the weather and climate of the earth. The recent increase in concern about climate change has caused a resurgence of interest in cloud research. All lidars can observe bulk structure, e.g., cloud base height and fractional cover. Lidars can also reveal information about the microphysics of clouds. For instance, polarization ruby lidar (0.694μm wavelength) can discriminate whether clouds are composed of ice or water particles1. Each type of lidar can perform some measurements that other types cannot accomplish as well or at all. This paper describes some of the special attributes and measurement capabilities of coherent lidars, including examples from Wave Propagation Laboratory’s (WPL) CO2 system.
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Wengenmayer, Martin, Andrew Y. Cheng, Peter Voulger, and Ulrich G. Oppel. "Raman lidar multiple scattering." In Lidar Multiple Scattering Experiments, edited by Christian Werner, Ulrich G. Oppel, and Tom Rother. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.512347.

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Banakh, Victor A., Natalia N. Kerkis, Igor N. Smalikho, Friedrich Köpp, and Christian Werner. "Estimations of turbulent energy dissipation rate from Doppler lidar data." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1995.me15.

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Along with measurements of mean wind fields, Doppler lidars are used for estimation of the turbulence parameters.1-4 In particularly, the attempts to use the Doppler lidars for measurement of the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy ε T and the wind field structure constant from estimations of mean spectrum width of Doppler signal are discussed in Refs.2-4. This approach is true for small sizes of lidar sensing volume. If longitudinal size of sensing volume Δz is comparable or exceeds the outer scale of turbulence L V this method can not be used. We discuss the feasibility of estimations of dissipation rate from Doppler lidar data at arbitrary size of lidar probe volume.
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Chan, Kinpui, Nobuo Sugimoto, and Dennis K. Killinger. "Short-Pulse Coherent Doppler Nd:YAG LIDAR at 1.06 μm." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1990.tuc7.

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The merits of using coherent Doppler LIDAR to perform wind velocity and moving target measurements are well recognized. Coherent Doppler LIDARs employing CO2 lasers at 10 μm wavelength have been developed to a point where ground-based and airborne systems have been sucessfully used for wind shear measurements.1 With recent progress in compact and tunable solid state lasers, there is increasing interest in the development of an all solid-state coherent Doppler LIDAR which may offer technological advantages compared with CO2 laser-based LIDAR, and is suitable for future space-borne LIDAR schemes. In this paper, we report the development of a short- pulse (<10ns) coherent Doppler Nd:YAG LIDAR at 1.06 μm. Preliminary coherent LIDAR measurement results will also be presented and discussed.
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Carswell, A. I., D. P. Donovan, S. R. Pal, W. Steinbrecht, and J. A. Whiteway. "Lidar Measurements of the Pinatubo Aerosol Over Toronto." In Optical Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/orsa.1991.otue14.

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At the ISTS Atmospheric Lidar Observatory on the campus of York University in Toronto, (43.8 N, 79.5 W), two lidars are being employed for atmospheric observations. One is an Nd:YAG two-wavelength (1064 and 532 nm) dual polarization Rayleigh/Mie lidar and the other is an ozone DIAL system based on a xenon chloride excimer source for the "on" (absorbed) wavelength at 308 nm with a hydrogen stimulated Raman shifter to provide the "off" (unabsorbed) wavelength at 353nm. These systems are now operated on a continuing basis for studies of both the lower and middle atmosphere. Since early July we have been observing very pronounced changes in the stratospheric returns from both lidars caused by the Pinatubo aerosols.
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Gurdev, L. L., D. U. Stoyanov, and T. N. Dreischuh. "Inverse Algorithm for Increasing The Resolution of Pulsed Lidars." In Coherent Laser Radar. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/clr.1991.thd9.

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The resolution of the pulsed lidars is usually accepted to be equal to the pulse duration. In this work an inverse algorithm to improve the lidar resolution is analysed, when the sampling intervals of A/D converters are shorter than the laser pulse. The theorethical analysis, supported by computer simulations show the retrieving of the lidar profile by increased resolution. The effect of additional noises on the algorithm performance is given. The method may be used to increase the resolution of the lidar return in lidars of long emitted pulses. Similar problems have been investigated in [1,2] by introducing a correction function for the lidar equation.
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Zhang, Chiyu, Ji Han, Yao Zou, Kexin Dong, Yujia Li, Junchun Ding, and Xiaoling Han. "Detecting the Anomalies in LiDAR Pointcloud." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-2045.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">LiDAR sensors play an important role in the perception stack of modern autonomous driving systems. Adverse weather conditions such as rain, fog and dust, as well as some (occasional) LiDAR hardware fault may cause the LiDAR to produce pointcloud with abnormal patterns such as scattered noise points and uncommon intensity values. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to detect whether a LiDAR is generating anomalous pointcloud by analyzing the pointcloud characteristics. Specifically, we develop a pointcloud quality metric based on the LiDAR points’ spatial and intensity distribution to characterize the noise level of the pointcloud, which relies on pure mathematical analysis and does not require any labeling or training as learning-based methods do. Therefore, the method is scalable and can be quickly deployed either online to improve the autonomy safety by monitoring anomalies in the LiDAR data or offline to perform in-depth study of the LiDAR behavior over large amount of data. The proposed approach is studied with extensive real public road data collected by LiDARs with different scanning mechanisms and laser spectrums, and is proven to be able to effectively handle various known and unknown sources of pointcloud anomaly.</div></div>
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Samoilova, Svetlana V. "An approximate equation for multiple scattering of spaceborne lidar returns and its application for the retrieval of extinction and depolarization." In Lidar Multiple Scattering Experiments, edited by Christian Werner, Ulrich G. Oppel, and Tom Rother. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.512343.

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Reports on the topic "LiDAR"

1

Wollpert. Lidar Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1037611.

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Contarino, Mike, and Linda Mullen. Modulated Pulse Lidar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629295.

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Wilkerson, Thomas D. Alexandrite Lidar Receiver. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada391276.

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Kuhn, Martin, Davide Trabucchi, Andrew Clifton, Mike Courtney, and Andreas Rettenmeier. IEA Task 32: Wind Lidar Systems for Wind Energy Deployment (LIDAR). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1255206.

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Woods, Ken. LiDAR Datasets of Alaska. DGGS, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/lidar.

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Newsom, RK. Raman Lidar (RL) Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020561.

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Mendoza, A., and C. Flynn. Micropulse Lidar (MPL) Handbook. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020714.

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Spore, Nicholas, Alexander Renaud, Ian Conery, and Katherine Brodie. Coastal Lidar and Radar Imaging System (CLARIS) lidar data report : 2011 - 2017. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/33377.

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Anderson, Dylan Zachary, Julia M. Craven, and Steven R. Vigil. SPE-5 Lidar Error Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1367489.

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Moskowitz, W. P., G. Davidson, D. Sipler, C. R. Philbrick, and P. Dao. Raman Augmentation for Rayleigh Lidar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199683.

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