Relevant bibliographies by topics / Licenze

Academic literature on the topic 'Licenze'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Licenze"

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Mangiaracina, Silvana, Ornella Russo, and Alessandro Tugnoli. "To each his own: how to provide a library user with an article respecting licence agreements." Interlending & Document Supply 43, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilds-07-2015-0022.

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Purpose – This paper aims to describe the state of the art of the Italian Archivio Licenze Periodici Elettronici (ALPE) project which aims to improve the understanding of the issues raised by licence agreements of electronic resources in the Inter-Library Loan Service and to support librarians in the implementation of the right policies. Design/methodology/approach – ALPE – (E-Journals Licenses Archive) is a national archive of interlibrary loan (ILL) clauses, extracted from standard and negotiated licences, to manage, to publicly share and to check the permitted uses of e-resources for ILL and document delivery. Findings – The ALPE archive facilitates public and free access to a remarkable amount of information and data about ILL conditions granted by the most important commercial and academic publishers, and responds to the practical problems of managing and understanding ILL clauses in e-licences. Originality/value – The solutions adopted by ALPE effectively solve many of the problems reported in the literature. These should help ILL librarians in dealing with the problems associated with ILL and licensing.
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Scovazzi, Tullio. "La partecipazione straniera alla pesca nella zona economica esclusiva." Anuario Español de Derecho Internacional 10 (August 21, 2018): 239–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/010.10.28585.

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1. Il ruolo dello Stato costiero in materia di pesca nella zona economica esclusiva.- 2. Le due scelte principali: licenze di pesca e imprese congiuente.- 3. Le licenze: A) Questioni preliminari; B) La determinazione del corrispettivo; C) Le misure di conservazione; D) La comunicazione di informazioni e lo svolgimento di ricerche; E) Il controllo delle attività e la repressione delle violazioni.- 4. Le società congiunte: A) Questioni generali; B) I fattori rilevanti in materia; C) L’ intensa di massima e il contratto; D) Il ditritto applicable e la soluzione delle controversie.
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Kulis, Richard E. "The public interest and liquor licenses in Ontario." Contemporary Drug Problems 25, no. 1 (March 1998): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099802500104.

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Residents’ groups are becoming more organized and vocal in expressing their concerns regarding the negative effects of poorly operated liquor licensed premises. Using the “public interest” measures in the Liquor Licence Act, the residents have successfully had liquor licenses revoked and new license applications denied. This paper examines some of the types of problems suffered by residents and the efforts they have made to alleviate those problems. These efforts include proactive consultation with licensed-premises operators, lobbying of politicians, adversarial license hearings, and legislative amendments.
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Sidak, J. Gregory. "Evading Portfolio Royalties for Standard-Essential Patents through Validity Challenges." World Competition 39, Issue 2 (June 1, 2016): 191–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/woco2016021.

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A no-challenge clause prevents a patent licensee from challenging the validity of a licensed patent. In the 2014 Guidelines on Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation, the European Commission discouraged parties from including a no-challenge clause in a settlement and license agreement concerning standard-essential patents (SEPs).The Commission said that eliminating invalid patents serves the public interest because it promotes competition. For similar reasons, in 2014, the Advocate General of the Court of Justice of the European Union opined in Huawei Technologies Co. v. ZTE Corp. that EU competition law should allow a licensee to retain the right to challenge a licensed SEP’s validity notwithstanding that the licensee has entered into a settlement and license agreement with the SEP holder. I analyze the Commission’s and the Advocate General’s assumption that a licensee’s challenging the validity of SEPs unambiguously benefits consumers. I assess the merits of that legal proposition within the well-established economic framework of cost-benefit analysis. I particularly focus on the marginal benefits and the marginal costs that eliminating no-challenge provisions would generate for consumers. I explain that the Commission and the Advocate General exaggerated the marginal benefits and understated the marginal costs of validity challenges to licensed SEPs, particularly when the typical SEP holder repeatedly licenses its SEPs in a large portfolio to a sophisticated licensee. The discovery that several SEPs in a licensed portfolio of hundreds are invalid would neither surprise the parties nor justify reducing the portfolio royalty. The Commission and the Advocate General ignored that encouraging a licensee to challenge the validity of individual licensed SEPs invites opportunistic litigation by the licensee so as to delay paying the SEP holder the agreed-upon royalty for the use of the many more valid patents in its licensed portfolio. Thwarting the SEP holder’s ability to receive prompt compensation for its innovative contribution lessens the SEP holder’s incentive to invest in innovation and thus decreases quality of collective standard setting. Those effects in turn impose significant marginal harm on consumers. Consequently, the Commission and Advocate General erred to assume that consumers derive a net marginal benefit from the announced policy encouraging a licensee to challenge to the validity of licensed SEPs.
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Adnyani, Kadek Devi Arta, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Ni Made Puspasutari Ujianti. "Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Penerima Lisensi Paten dalam Alih Teknologi." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.1.2180.24-29.

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License is a contract between the licensor (Licencor) with the licensee (License) in which the licensor with a payment and in certain circumstances gives permission to the licensee to use an intellectual property rights (intellectual property rights). Regarding the types of licenses according Lee and Davidson, differentiate into 2 (two) types of licenses, namely Exclusive and Non Exclusive licenses. Patent license agreements are basically subject to and refer to the provisions of the agreement adopted by the Indonesian State in the Indonesian Civil Code. In this day and age the licenses as outlined in the agreement have the form of standard agreements or standard contracts, in a licensing agreement because it uses a standard contract, it has the potential to cause an imbalance of the parties because some licensing agreements (Lisensor) use clauses that can harm the licensee (License). Refressive legal protection is used, if a license agreement with a standard contract or standard contract used by the licensor of the patent (Licencor) to the recipient of a patent license (License), if it violates a subjective condition in making a patent license agreement then it will cause legal consequences can be canceled (Vernietigbaarheid) whereas if it violates an objective condition it will have legal consequences null and void (Neitigbaarheid).
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Carlo, Alfredo Clerici, de' Micheli Angelo, Veneroni Laura, Cavallotti Gaia, and Albasi Cesare. "Fondamenti empirici delle procedure di prevenzione del rischio di abuso di armi da fuoco legali." RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, no. 2 (January 2012): 209–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rip2010-002003.

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Suicidi e omicidi commessi con armi da fuoco legalmente detenute sono spesso attribuiti genericamente all'effetto di disturbi psichici. I fattori psichici legati all'abuso di armi sono ancora scarsamente indagati dalla letteratura scientifica e non vi č consenso circa i metodi diagnostici da impiegare per le valutazioni dell'idoneitŕ psichica a licenze in materia di armi. Nell'articolo sono illustrate le principali prospettive cliniche e diagnostiche relative alla prevenzione del rischio di abuso di armi ed č presentato il modello denominato WAR ("Weapons Risk Assessment"), attualmente corso di sviluppo.
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Pacheco, Alberto. "As licenças dramáticas luso-brasileiras e a representação do eu." Opus 27, no. 2 (May 1, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20504/opus2021b2709.

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Uma parte considerável do repertório dramático musical ocidental dos séculos XVIII e XIX esteve relacionada a importantes festejos, como, por exemplo, aniversários, batizados, casamentos e onomásticos de personagens importantes. Dentro desta produção é possível encontrar as “licenças” (licenze), breves adendos ao drama principal nos quais se comenta diretamente a respectiva ocasião. O que se pretende aqui é apresentar estas licenças no contexto do repertório luso-brasileiro. Veremos que, apesar de bastante esquecido hoje em dia, este repertório é peça relevante no intricado mecanismo de produção operática. Será possível também demonstrar que estas peças musicais se constituem em momento privilegiado da representação do eu por parte dos monarcas.
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Rathod, Sandeep K. "Compulsory licences on pharmaceutical patents in India: A short article." Journal of Generic Medicines: The Business Journal for the Generic Medicines Sector 13, no. 3 (February 10, 2017): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741134317691804.

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Over the last few years, multiple media reports have commented on compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents in India. A majority of these reports painted a doomsday scenario and were devoid of facts. The grant of India’s sole compulsory licence in March 2012 (to Natco for Bayer’s patented drug – Sorafenib) spawned a series of media reports theorising that the grant of this compulsory license was ‘… a major blow to global pharmaceutical firms’ and speculating a beginning of compulsory licensing era for pharmaceuticals patents. However, this simply has happened and India till date has rejected all subsequent compulsory licence applications filed after the Natco/Sorafenib compulsory license application. The purpose of the present article is to collate the present information around the various compulsory licences in India and provide some historical background at a time when even developed countries are beginning to issue compulsory licences for pharmaceutical products.
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Bernelin, Margo. "The compatibility of open/free licences: a legal imbroglio." International Journal of Law and Information Technology 28, no. 2 (2020): 93–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijlit/eaaa010.

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Abstract Thirty years ago, in February 1989, the first ‘free licence’ was created: the GNU-GPL licence. Since then the number of free and open licences has grown exponentially with both private and public actors publishing their own legal document. In plain language, a licence is a document that grants a permission to do something, to perform an action. When it comes to licences covering a creation (eg a software), such a document is a contract listing the permissions and prohibitions, ie the rights and obligations of both the licensor and the licensee with regard to the creation. Usually, such licences include an extensive list of permissions and some prohibitions. However, this list of authorizations and prohibitions might defer from one licence to another, creating thus compatibility issues among them. Moreover, some licences might contradict the licensee’s domestic law. As a result, the reliance on open/free licences covered content for Big Data analysis is in a legal jeopardy. This article will review those difficulties and critically analyse the legal and technical remedies to it.
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Hill, Jonathan. "The Termination of Bare Licences." Cambridge Law Journal 60, no. 1 (March 2001): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197301000630.

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IN principle, the law relating to the termination of bare (or gratuitous) licences should be relatively simple. Bare licences do not enjoy statutory protection and a bare licence cannot impose contractual obligations on the licensor. There are, however, four elements which complicate the law. First, through the operation of the doctrine of proprietary estoppel, the licensor may be estopped from revoking a bare licence. Second, a licence which has been acted upon is not revocable. Third, on revocation of a bare licence, the licensee must be given a reasonable “period of grace” or “packing-up period”. Fourth, it is sometimes said that a bare licence may be revoked only “on reasonable notice.” These four elements overlap (in part) and, in the case law and academic literature, there is some degree of confusion. The difficulties which exist can be resolved by more rigorous analysis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Licenze"

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Vettorato, Alfredo. "Profili giuridici delle licenze Open Source." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3172/.

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Sun, Yuqi. "Utilizzo della tecnologia blockchain applicata alle licenze software." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21849/.

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Negli ultimi anni la blockchain ha attratto molto interesse da varie aziende e ricercatori, studiando i miglioramenti che una tecnologia come questa potrebbe avere in vari settori, da quello finanziario a quello medico o immobiliare. Abbiamo scelto una delle possibili aree di applicazione, la gestione delle licenze software, e ne abbiamo sviluppato un sistema basato sulla blockchain di Ethereum. La tesi inizierà con un’introduzione al concetto di blockchain, fornendo le conoscenze necessarie per comprendere questa tecnologia; in seguito, illustrerà il processo che ha portato alla costruzione di questo sistema e infine analizzerà i possibili vantaggi e svantaggi che la blockchain può offrire in un ambito come le licenze software.
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Boccali, Matteo. "Tecniche di Machine Learning Non Supervisionato per riconoscimento licenze." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Il lavoro svolto riguarda l'applicazione di tecniche di machine learning non supervisionato per il riconoscimento di modelli su un dataset formato da testi di licenze software. Vengono applicate tecniche di trasformazione del testo in vettori da poter utilizzare poi come dati per degli algoritmi non supervisionati. Sono state applicate diverse tecniche di riduzione e trasformazione delle dimensioni per cercare di aumentare la qualità della rappresentazione in vettori. Sono state inoltre applicate tecniche per cercare di ottimizzare i risultati degli algoritmi non supervisionati.
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Bagušinskas, Donatas. "Automobilio numerio identifikavimo algoritmai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110615_135256-26171.

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Šiame darbe aprašytas automobilio numerio identifikavimo uždavinys, šio uždavinio skaidymas į smulkesnes užduotis, tokias kaip numerio lokalizavimas nuotraukoje, numerio suskaidymas į atskirus simbolius, bei rastų simbolių identifikavimas. Kiekvienai šiai užduočiai realizuota po du algoritmus. Numerio lokalizavimo algoritmai remiasi kontūrų išskyrimu ir spalvų intensyvumu, bei morfologinėmis operacijomis nuotraukoje. Surasto numerio skaidymo į simbolius algoritmai remiasi statistiniu pasiskirstymu bei objektų išskyrimu. Simboliams atpažinti panaudota koreliacijos skaičiavimas tarp šablonų ir atpažįstamojo simbolio, bei dirbtinis neuroninis tinklas. Taip pat apžvelgta šiuo metu pasaulyje naudojamas technologijas ir algoritmai, sprendžiantys šį uždavinį bei palyginti rezultatai su savais.
This paper describes the task of vehicle number identification. It is further divided into smaller tasks, such as the localization of the number in the picture, the splitting of the number into individual symbols and the identification of the located symbols. Two algorithms were allocated for each task. The number localization algorithm is based on the exclusion of the contours, colour intensity and morphological operations in the picture. The algorithms used to divide the symbols of the identified number are based on the statistical distribution and object separation. Correlation calculation is used between the templates, identifiable symbol and artificial neural network. Moreover, the paper discusses the technologies and algorithms currently used across the world when dealing with such task, and compares it with the results of this paper.
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Mysoor, Poorna. "Implied licences in copyright law." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8d5f4169-4f04-4e1f-9600-d93b6adbcd53.

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Copyright licences can be implied when the doing of a restricted act is covered neither by the express licence of the copyright owner, nor by one of the statutory limitations and exceptions. The manner in which copyright licences are implied, therefore, holds the key to broadening the scope of permissible acts. In contrast to the rigidity of statutory limitations and exceptions, implied licences are more malleable in being able to respond to a diverse set of circumstances, as the need arises. Thus, implied licences can serve as a flexible and targeted mechanism to balance competing interests, including those of copyright owners and content users, especially in today’s dynamic technological environment. However, implication as a process is contentious, and there are no established rules for implying a licence. Implication of a copyright licence is even more complicated because the conceptualisation of a copyright licence is unsatisfactory. The resulting uncertainty has prevented implied licences from being embraced more readily by the courts. The objective of this thesis is, therefore, firstly, to reconceptualise a copyright licence that is broad enough to accommodate the diverse circumstances in which copyright licences arise, and certain enough to assist in finding their constituents; secondly, to propose frameworks for implying copyright licences in a methodical and transparent manner, based on three sources: the consent of the copyright owner; an established custom; and state intervention to achieve public policy goals. The frameworks are also customised differently for implied bare and implied contractual licences. The thesis demonstrates the robustness of these frameworks by rationalising them with the existing case law. Underscoring the contemporary relevance of implied licences, in conclusion, the thesis tests and validates the frameworks in relation to three essential and ubiquitous functions on the internet – browsing, hyperlinking and indexing.
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Lášková, Tereza. "Obchodní a právní aspekty ochranné známky v oblasti bezlepkových výrobků." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150110.

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The diploma thesis deals with the gluten-free labelling placing emphasis on a trademark. The introductory chapter depicts specification of products suitable for gluten-free diet. The thesis assesses and compares commercial and legal aspects of trademark, quality mark and designation specified in public law. These are evaluated in connection with products suitable for gluten-free diet. The concluding part is devoted to an analysis of the European Licensing System.
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Lipták, Aleš. "Software Asset Management v bankovním sektoru." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72523.

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Currently, operation of companies is entirely dependent on information and communication technologies (ICT) which are used across all indfustries. There are bigger demands that are placed on the management of individual assets, while software is the most problematic from this perspective. It is necessary for companies to pay sufficient attention to this issue, because there is a high risk of financial penalties in case of its failure. The first objective of this thesis is to provide basic characteristics of Software Asset Management (SAM) belonging to Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL), which is one of the few adressing this area in an entirely way. This objective is default condition for achieving the second objective, where will be analyzed specific case of software asset management in the banking sector. On the basis of the analysis will be accepted proposals for implemention of best practises of SAM. The third objective is enrichment of previous proposals by parts of request for proposal, which are focused on detailed specification of the required functionality of software tools according to SAM. The all tasks will be achieved through the study of relevant sources and through techniques that help with analysis and definition of the future state. The benefits of thesis are in to identification of gaps within software asset management, which obtained through employee survey. The second contribution is to propose changes in the form of specific steps that should help to bring more efficiency to the current state. The last contribution is to summarise new pieces of knowledge, which are extending this issue by information focused on large organisations.
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Jeníček, Michal. "Licence firmy Microsoft ve firemním segmentu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72741.

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Correct and financially optimal covering of licensed software is one of the aims of all companies. Microsoft Corporation offers a wide range of software products and also various types of license financing that significantly affect their financing. License models stating the correct rules of using the licenses for software groups are also very specific and require a thorough understanding of its principles. These two areas include a range of partial aspects that are to be considered from the point of view of company benefit. However, a complex view combining license programs and license models is equally important. Hence the issue of license management is problematic not only for the management of the company, but also for the IT specialists. This thesis embeds the issue of licensing into the frame of strategic IT planning and by means of annotated principles, descriptions of everyday situations and accentuating details significantly affecting licensing provides a perspective of the issue that has not been dealt with in such an elaborate way so far. The aim of this thesis is to provide a complex analysis of license programs and models, their principles and possibilities. In many companies, a detailed knowledge and understanding of the issue of Microsoft licensing is very important. Therefore, this thesis provides some specific output instances in the form of both financial and functional comparison of individual licensing programs. The crucial services of license programs and characteristics of license models are investigated in detail and subject to critical evaluation for purposes of utilization in companies of various sizes and types.
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Bandera, Manuela. "Abuso di posizione dominante e rifiuto di concedere in licenza diritti di proprietà intellettuale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3158.

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2006/2007
La tesi di dottorato ha ad oggetto l’analisi del trattamento in ambito comunitario del rifiuto abusivo di concedere in licenza diritti di proprietà intellettuale (i “diritti IP”) da parte di imprese in posizione dominante. Il tema ha acquistato notevole interesse a seguito di alcune sentenze della Corte di giustizia e del Tribunale di primo grado e di alcuni recenti interventi della Commissione diretti all’uniformazione dell’approccio nella valutazione degli abusi di esclusione. La definizione di un trattamento chiaro del rifiuto di licenza è di particolare importanza vista l’esigenza di un’interpretazione omogenea dei principi di diritto della concorrenza a livello decentralizzato, resa necessaria dalla modernizzazione della disciplina antitrust e dalla prevedibile futura diffusione delle azioni di risarcimento del danno concorrenziale. Partendo dall’apparente conflittualità tra diritti di proprietà intellettuale, che postulano un potere di monopolio sul bene protetto e l’esclusione dei concorrenti dal relativo godimento, e il diritto antitrust, che invece è volto ad evitare comportamenti abusivi e distorsivi della concorrenza, la tesi si propone di individuare i principi e il metodo più adatti a regolare tali condotte delle imprese dominanti. A tal fine, la tesi esamina con spirito critico le teorie ed i concetti sviluppati dalla prassi comunitaria e dalla recente Comunicazione relativa agli “Orientamenti sulle priorità della Commissione nell’applicazione dell’articolo 82 del trattato CE al comportamento abusivo delle imprese dominanti volto all’esclusione dei concorrenti”. Lo studio si compone di cinque capitoli. Dopo il primo capitolo introduttivo, i successivi due capitoli sono diretti all’analisi dei criteri utilizzati per l’esame dei casi di rifiuto di contrarre e delle fattispecie abusive che coinvolgono diritti IP: i criteri tratti dal diritto antitrust sono esaminati nel secondo capitolo e quelli derivanti da nozioni proprie della materia della proprietà intellettuale nel terzo. Il quarto e il quinto capitolo sono quindi dedicati allo studio critico della disciplina individuata per la valutazione dei dinieghi di licenza nelle pronunce della Commissione, del Tribunale e della Corte di giustizia nonché nella Comunicazione della Commissione e nel dibattito che ne ha preceduto l’adozione. Più in particolare, il primo capitolo definisce la nozione di abuso di posizione dominante ex art. 82 TCE e fornisce al lettore gli strumenti per l’analisi della fattispecie, approfondendo i più significativi per lo studio del diniego di licenza: dopo un esame del mercato rilevante, l’attenzione si concentra sul concetto di dominanza, sulla nozione di sfruttamento abusivo e le sue caratteristiche, il cui studio è effettuato con l’ausilio esemplificativo di alcune tipologie di abuso individuate dalla Commissione e dalle corti comunitarie. Il secondo capitolo analizza i criteri rilevanti per il trattamento del rifiuto abusivo di contrarre sviluppati alla luce dei principi di diritto antitrust. Nell’esame dei rifiuti rivolti a clienti nuovi, in particolare, è oggetto di approfondimento la prassi comunitaria elaborata con riferimento alla fornitura di beni e infrastrutture “essenziali” che viene analizzata anche alla luce della cd. “essential facilities doctrine” definita dalla giurisprudenza nordamericana. Il terzo capitolo è diretto invece a studiare il rapporto tra diritto della concorrenza e diritto della proprietà intellettuale. Esso esamina le nozioni di “esistenza/esercizio” del diritto IP, di “oggetto specifico” e di “funzione essenziale”, tratte dalla giurisprudenza in materia di privative intellettuali ed industriali e libera circolazione delle merci, analizzandone l’applicabilità alle fattispecie di abuso di posizione dominante e agli strumenti utili per la relativa analisi. Negli ultimi due capitoli, infine, si studia la disciplina elaborata per il trattamento delle ipotesi di rifiuto abusivo di licenza, evidenziando in particolare i criteri con cui si è cercato di coniugare le specificità dei diritti di proprietà intellettuale con i principi di diritto antitrust sviluppati per i casi di rifiuto di contrarre. Nei casi di diniego di licenza occorre infatti bilanciare l’esigenza di garantire la concorrenza e lo sviluppo dei mercati (da cui conseguirebbe la necessità di imporre l’accesso al bene protetto) con l’esigenza di tutelare gli sforzi e gli investimenti del titolare del diritto (il quale sarebbe privato dell’incentivo ad innovare nel caso si concedesse un accesso indiscriminato alle sue risorse). L’atteggiamento della Commissione e dei giudici comunitari si è evoluto nel tempo. Rispetto all’approccio utilizzato nei primi casi Volvo e Renault, dove la valutazione di abusività era effettuata in base ai concetti di “esistenza”, “esercizio” e “oggetto specifico” del diritto IP, la prassi ha modificato progressivamente la propria impostazione nei casi Magill, IMS e Microsoft nei quali ha sviluppato modelli di analisi tratti dalla disciplina dei rifiuti di contrarre e delle essential facilities, integrati, in ragione della specificità dell’oggetto del rifiuto, dal criterio dell’ostacolo alla comparsa del “prodotto nuovo”. Chiude la tesi l’analisi della Comunicazione della Commissione, ultimo intervento comunitario in materia, nella quale allo specifico test per i casi di rifiuto abusivo di licenza elaborato dalle corti comunitarie, si sostituisce un’unica disciplina che assimila il trattamento del rifiuto di licenze a quello previsto per il rifiuto di contrarre avente ad oggetto beni ed infrastrutture materiali. L’analisi delle interpretazioni succedutesi in materia, di cui si studiano aspetti positivi e criticità, dimostra la difficoltà di individuare il corretto trattamento del rifiuto di concedere in licenza diritti di proprietà intellettuale. Alla luce dei criteri progressivamente delineati in ambito comunitario con riferimento a tale fattispecie, sembra che la valutazione del rifiuto di licenza di diritti IP debba essere realizzata mediante l’applicazione dei principi di diritto antitrust, seppur adattati alla peculiare natura di tali privative. Occorrerebbe quindi in primo luogo riconoscere la necessità di un trattamento differenziato dei diritti IP rispetto ai diritti di proprietà sugli altri beni. La disciplina della proprietà intellettuale mediante l’attribuzione della privativa sul bene protetto solo per una durata limitata di tempo, infatti, effettua già il bilanciamento dell’esigenza di tutela del titolare con l’interesse dei concorrenti e della collettività alla condivisione dell’invenzione o della creazione. Di conseguenza, il trattamento delle fattispecie di rifiuto aventi ad oggetto diritti IP non può essere identico a quello riservato ai rifiuti di concedere l’accesso a risorse materiali, per cui manca tale bilanciamento di opposti interessi. Si dovrebbe riconoscere inoltre che non vi è contrasto ma, al contrario, complementarità tra le finalità e gli effetti del diritto antitrust e della proprietà intellettuale, essendo entrambi diretti a favorire un’efficienza e una concorrenza dinamica fondata sullo sviluppo di nuovi beni e processi, sulla sostituzione anziché sull’imitazione di prodotti. Tali constatazioni portano quindi a concludere a favore di un’interpretazione che preveda che il rifiuto di concedere in licenza un diritto di proprietà intellettuale debba essere ritenuto abusivo in forza della disciplina antitrust solo nei casi eccezionali in cui l’esercizio in concreto del diritto non risponda alla finalità astratta per cui esso è stato riconosciuto e cioè escluda la promozione dell’innovazione. L’individuazione dei criteri di valutazione dell’abusività del rifiuto del diritto IP può essere effettuata mediante un test fondato su condizioni precise, definite ex ante e specifiche per detta fattispecie, sul modello del test proposto dalla Corte di giustizia nella sentenza IMS, oppure sulla base di principi più generali, applicabili ad una pluralità di ipotesi, come previsto nella Comunicazione della Commissione. Il primo metodo sembra avere il vantaggio di essere certo e conoscibile, il secondo di essere adattabile alle esigenze del caso concreto, pur essendo suscettibile di applicazioni scarsamente prevedibili a priori. Dall’analisi si deriva in ogni caso che, per ridurre le ipotesi di intervento del diritto antitrust nell’esercizio delle prerogative attribuite al titolare del diritto IP, è necessario che all’interpretazione del trattamento del rifiuto di licenza sopra indicata si accompagni una disciplina del diritto della proprietà intellettuale che protegga tramite diritti di privativa industriale ed intellettuale solo beni effettivamente meritevoli di tutela mediante esclusiva. L’azione comunitaria intesa a realizzare questo obiettivo, già avviata mediante la parziale armonizzazione delle leggi nazionali in materia e l’individuazione di alcuni diritti IP aventi validità europea, sembra ora ulteriormente confermata dall’art. 118 del Trattato sul Funzionamento dell’Unione europea previsto dal Trattato di Lisbona, diretto ad istituzionalizzare la creazione di diritti di proprietà intellettuale di portata comunitaria.
XX CICLO
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Heřman, Karel. "Problematika licenčních smluv." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-11289.

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This work concerns with possibilities of licensing. There are mentioned advantages and disadvantages of particular models. Further on, the prediction of future situation in the IT market, new techniques, trends and reasons of these changes are introduced. Work addresses to both types of software -- proprietary software and Open Source software. Next part of work deals with software piracy and problems, which are connected with it. In second part of the work are theoretical knowledge converted into practice. There is examined license politics of Microsoft and possibilities which are offered to different customers. The final part concerns with two firms which operate on Czech market. There is a view to licenses, which are owned by firms, followed by recommendation of optimization.
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Books on the topic "Licenze"

1

Libertà e licenze. Faenza: Mobydick, 2007.

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Le licenze free e open source. Napoli: Edizioni scientifiche italiane, 2007.

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Guttuso, Sebastiano. La disciplina comunitaria delle licenze di know-how. Milano, Italy: F. Angeli., 1991.

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False date: Repertorio delle licenze di stampa veneziane con falso luogo di edizione, 1740-1797. Firenze: Firenze University Press, 2009.

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Ferrara, Franco. Nella polvere d'oro di un'antica stanchezza: Manomissioni e licenze su testi di Timoteusz Karpowicz e Ursula Koziol : 1967-1982. Salerno-Roma: Ripostes, 1991.

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Teresa, Natale Maria, Academy of International Business, European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations., European Copyright User Platform, and Istituto centrale per il catalogo unico delle biblioteche italiane e per le informazione bibliografiche., eds. Copyright elettronico e licenze digitali: Dov'è l'inganno? : atti del Convegno internazionale, Roma, 5-6 novembre 1998 ... = Electronic copyright and digital licensing : where are the pitfalls? ... [Roma]: ICCU, 2000.

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1987 licensing law handbook: Computer software distribution and acquisition issues. New York, N.Y: Clark Boardman Co., 1987.

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Hilty, Reto M. Lizenzvertragsrecht: Systematisierung und Typisierung aus schutz- und schuldrechtlicher Sicht. Bern: Stämpfli, 2001.

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Kuss, Michael. Der Lizenzvertrag im Recht der USA. Köln: C. Heymanns, 2005.

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Avtorsko pravo: Dogovori. Sofii︠a︡: Ciela, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Licenze"

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Berlingieri, E. "Usare le licenze Creative Commons per l’e-learning. Come funzionano e cosa sono." In E-learning in sanità, 207–14. Milano: Springer Milan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1824-2_23.

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Suematsu, Chihiro. "Correction to: Transaction Cost Management." In Management for Professionals, C1. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06889-3_11.

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Minty, Michiko G., and Frank Zimmermann. "Correction to: Measurement and Control of Charged Particle Beams." In Particle Acceleration and Detection, C1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08581-3_13.

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Eve, Martin Paul. "Correction to: Pynchon and Philosophy." In Pynchon and Philosophy, C1. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137405500_9.

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Leoste, Janika, Tõnu Viik, José San Martín López, Mihkel Kangur, Veiko Vunder, Yoan Mollard, Tiia Õun, Henri Tammo, and Kristian Paekivi. "Correction to: Robots as My Future Colleagues: Changing Attitudes Toward Collaborative Robots by Means of Experience-Based Workshops." In Ludic, Co-design and Tools Supporting Smart Learning Ecosystems and Smart Education, C1. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3930-2_18.

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The original version of the chapter “ Robots as My Future Colleagues: Changing Attitudes Toward Collaborative Robots by Means of Experience-Based Workshops” without open access. This has now been changed to the copyright holder “The Author(s)” and open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see license information in the chapter. The chapter and the book have been updated with the change.
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Zieliński, Tomasz, Johnny Hay, and Andrew J. Millar. "Correction to: Period Estimation and Rhythm Detection in Timeseries Data Using BioDare2, the Free, Online, Community Resource." In Methods in Molecular Biology, C1. New York, NY: Springer US, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1912-4_19.

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The original version of the chapter “Period Estimation and Rhythm Detection in Timeseries Data Using BioDare2, the Free, Online, Community Resource” was previously published non-open access. This has now been changed to open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), and the copyright holder updated to “The Author(s)”. For further details, see license information in the chapter. The chapter and the book have been updated with the change.
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Haider, Hubert. "The License to License." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 31–55. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.34.05hai.

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Gassmann, Oliver, Karolin Frankenberger, and Michaela Csik. "License." In Geschäftsmodelle entwickeln, 159–61. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446437654.029.

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Gassmann, Oliver, Karolin Frankenberger, and Michaela Choudury. "License." In Geschäftsmodelle entwickeln, 229–33. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446467620.029.

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Gassmann, Oliver, Karolin Frankenberger, and Michaela Csik. "License." In Geschäftsmodelle entwickeln, 212–16. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446452848.029.

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Conference papers on the topic "Licenze"

1

Young, Garry G. "Long Term Operation of Nuclear Power Plants: Status in the U.S." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97962.

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As of January 2013, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) has renewed the operating licenses of 73 nuclear units out of a total of 104 licensed units, allowing for up to 60 years of safe operation. In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 15 units and more than 13 additional units have announced plans to submit applications over the next few years [1]. This brings the total of renewed licenses and plans for renewal to over 97% of the 104 operating nuclear units in the U.S. This paper presents the status of the U.S. license renewal process and issues being raised for possible applications for subsequent renewals for up to 80 years of operation. By the end of 2013 there will be 26 nuclear plants in the U.S. (or 25% of the 104 units) that will be eligible to seek a second license renewal and by the end of 2016 this number will increase to about 50% of the 104 licensed units. Although some nuclear plant owners have announced plans to shutdown before reaching 60 years, the majority are keeping the option open for long term operation beyond 60 years. The factors that impact decisions for both the first license renewals and subsequent renewals for 80 years of safe operation are presented and discussed in this paper.
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Katona, T., A. Ja´nosine´ Bi´ro´, S. Ra´tkai, T. Pa´lfi, and A. To´th. "Equipment Aging Management and Operational Lifetime Extension at the PAKS Nuclear Power Plant." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2975.

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The design life of the NPP PAKS VVER-440/213 Units is 30 years. The Paks Nuclear Power Plant strategy is to extend the operational lifetime of the plant and renew the operational license for 20 years over the designed and licensed lifetime. The feasibility of plant lifetime extension has been investigated. It has been found that a 20 years extension of operation is feasible from both technical and business point of view. The Licence Renewal regulation based mainly on USNRC approach taking into account the special features of the VVER-440/213 Units and the Periodic Safety Review (PSR) (every 10 years) requirements based on IAEA methods. At Paks NPP the systematic ageing management activities were started ten years ago. Basic results of plant assessment and aging management programs of the main components are discussed in the paper. Summary of the license renewal process and details of the main activities are reported.
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Young, Garry G. "Operating Nuclear Plant License Renewal Program Status and Trends." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57127.

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As of February 2011, the NRC has renewed the operating licenses for 62 nuclear units, which will allow for up to 60 years of safe nuclear plant operation. In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 20 units and nuclear plant owners of more than 17 units have announced plans to submit license renewal applications over the next few years. This brings the total of renewed licenses and announced plans for license renewal to over 95% of the 104 currently operating nuclear units in the U.S. This paper presents the status of the U.S. license renewal process, the positive trend in regulatory stability through 2007, and the negative trend in regulatory stability after 2007. From 2000 through 2007, the NRC was able to complete the license renewal review and issue renewed licenses in 30 months or less for 100% of the license renewal applicants. In fact, approximately 77% of the reviews were completed in 22 months or less. Since 2007, NRC reviews have become much less predictable, with 21% of the reviews exceeding 30 months and only 7% being completed in 22 months or less. In fact, some reviews currently underway have exceeded 60 months and the reviews remain incomplete. One of the main factors leading to the loss of timely regulatory reviews has been the NRC adjudicatory process for license renewal, although the safety and environmental review processes have also become less timely since 2007. The factors that contributed to the positive and the negative trends are presented.
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Young, Garry G. "License Renewal Experience in the U.S.: Continue to Seek Long Term Operation or Shutdown?" In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63171.

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As of January 2016, there were 99 operating nuclear units in the U.S. and the NRC had renewed the operating licenses for 81 of those nuclear units allowing for up to 60 years of safe operation (83 renewed licenses had been issued, but 2 of those units are now shutdown). In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 11 more units and 5 units have announced plans to submit applications in the next few years. This brings the total of renewed licenses and plans for renewal to almost 100% of the 99 operating units in the U.S. At the end of 2015, there were about 40 nuclear units that had operated for more than 40 years and most of those units are eligible to seek a second license renewal for up to 80 years of operation. [1] Unfortunately, in the past few years, 5 nuclear units have been prematurely shutdown and 3 additional units with licenses to operate for 60 years are scheduled to be prematurely shutdown between 2016 and 2019 for economic reasons. However, the majority of the nuclear plant owners are keeping the option open for long term operation beyond 60 years. NRC and the U.S. nuclear industry have made significant progress in preparing the way for a second round of license renewal applications. For example, the NRC published draft regulatory guidance on the second (or subsequent) license renewal process in December 2015. This paper presents the status of the efforts underway for possible applications for second license renewals for up to 80 years of operation and the issues that may result in additional premature plant shutdowns in the U.S.
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Young, Garry G. "Nuclear Plant License Renewal Status in the U.S." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78604.

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As of January 2012, the NRC has renewed the operating licenses for 71 nuclear units, which will allow for up to 60 years of safe operation. In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 15 units and nuclear plant owners of more than 14 units have announced plans to submit applications over the next six years [1]. This brings the total of renewed licenses and announced plans for license renewal to over 96% of the 104 currently operating nuclear units in the U.S. This paper presents the status of the U.S. license renewal process and the U.S. efforts associated with the option of seeking a second license renewal for up to 80 years of safe nuclear plant operation. Currently there are 9 operating nuclear plants that are eligible to seek a second license renewal. It is likely that applications for a second renewal will be submitted to the NRC within the next few years. The factors that contributed to the positive and the negative trends for both the first license renewals for 60 years and the second renewals for 80 years of safe operation are presented and discussed.
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Young, Garry G. "U.S. License Renewal and Long Term Operation in the 2010’s." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-26046.

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As of February 2010, the NRC has renewed the operating licenses for 59 nuclear units, which will allow for up to 60 years of safe nuclear plant operation. In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 19 units and nuclear plant owners of more than 18 units have announced plans to submit license renewal applications over the next few years. This brings the total of renewed licenses and announced plans for license renewal to over 90% of the 104 currently operating nuclear units in the U.S. This paper presents some of the factors that have made the U.S. license renewal process so successful and how these same factors will be important for the second round of license renewal, which is expected to begin in the mid-2010’s. These long term operation factors include (1) the successful regulatory process and on-going continuous improvement of that process, (2) long-term safe plant operation, (3) stable low-cost generation of electricity, (4) high levels of sustained plant reliability, and (5) strong public opinion favorable to nuclear power plants.
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Young, Garry G. "License Renewal: Status of Long Term Operation in the U.S." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61595.

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As of February 2008, the NRC has approved renewal of the operating licenses for 48 nuclear units and has applications under review for 15 more units. In addition, nuclear plant owners for at least 25 more units have announced plans to submit license renewal applications over the next few years. This brings the total of renewed licenses and announced plans for license renewal to over 80% of the 104 currently operating nuclear units in the U.S. This paper presents some of the factors that have made the U.S. license renewal process so successful. These factors include (1) the successful regulatory process and on-going continuous improvement of that process, (2) long-term safe plant operation trends, (3) stable low-cost generation of electricity, (4) high levels of plant reliability, and (5) improving public opinion trends.
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Young, Garry G., and Jason Remer. "Subsequent License Renewal in the U.S." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45586.

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As of January 2015, the NRC has renewed the operating licenses for 75 nuclear units, allowing for up to 60 years of safe operation. In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 19 units and 5 additional units have announced plans to submit applications over the next few years. This brings the total of renewed licenses and plans for renewal to almost 100% of the operating nuclear units in the U.S. At the end of 2014 there were 38 nuclear plants that had operated for more than 40 years and are eligible to seek a second license renewal (or 38% of the operating units). [1] Although some nuclear plant owners have shutdown operation recently and others have announced plans to shutdown before reaching 60 years, the majority are keeping the option open for long term operation beyond 60 years. NRC and the U.S. nuclear industry have made significant progress in preparing the way for second license renewal applications. For example, in October 2014, 7 nuclear units were identified as the leading candidates for subsequent license renewal in a New York Times news article. This paper presents the status of the issues being addressed for possible applications for second license renewals for up to 80 years of operation.
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Woods, Kirby, and Kenneth Thomas. "Reconstitution of Reactor Pressure Boundary Components Design Stress Report for License Renewal." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25215.

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The majority of United States Commercial Nuclear Power Plants (CNPP) within the next 10 years will reach the end of their license to operate and can be renewed per the “Atomic Energy Act” of 1954. This act allowed the commission to issue commercial electric power nuclear plants a license to operate (“licensed, but not to exceed 40 years, and maybe renewed upon the expiration of such period, (Chapter 10, Sec. 103(c))).” These CNPP licenses are also governed by the NSSS vendor specification requirements and by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) design code standards. This connection is in the form of a stress report that defines the “cyclic life” adequacy criteria for this operational limit of 40 years. The license extension subsequently requires a reconstitution of the initial design stress report input parameters per ASME IWA-4120, 4223 & 4311 (e) for the renewal period extension. This requirement can entail an analysis of the operating conditions and cycles to demonstrate the material elasticity is maintained. The proposed approach for this reconstitution effort was a reanalysis in the form of a study of the Nuclear Steam System Supplier (NSSS) vendors’ original methodology to determine the NSSS vendor specification requirement for ASME code compliance and “cyclic life” adequacy. The information acquired from this evaluation has demonstrated the application to be a complex and simplistic approach. This effort to unravel the composite loading (thermal and pressure transients) condition in relation to specific plant and incident cycles provides both an understanding of component end-of-life limits and supports a comprehensive template for future fatigue life management programs. This paper summarizes this reconstituting effort that utilizes the original vessel stress analysis report to support the license renewal effort, provides a template for future fatigue management programs, demonstrates the conservatism of design, and offers an insight into the design philosophy revealing an elegant process that assures against failures.
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Young, Garry G. "License Renewal and Subsequent License Renewal in the U.S." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28224.

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As of February 2014, the NRC has renewed the operating licenses for 73 nuclear units, allowing for up to 60 years of safe operation. In addition, the NRC has license renewal applications under review for 18 units and 9 additional units have announced plans to submit applications over the next few years [1]. This brings the total of renewed licenses and plans for renewal to 100% of the operating nuclear units in the U.S. By the end of 2014, there will be 38 nuclear plants that will have operated for more than 40 years and will be eligible to seek a subsequent license renewal (or almost 40% of the nuclear units expected to be operating at the end of 2014). In 2013, nuclear plant owners of 5 units shutdown operation or announced plans to shutdown by the end of 2014. However, most of the remaining operating plant owners are keeping the option open for long term operation beyond 60 years. NRC and the U.S. nuclear industry have made significant progress in preparing the way for subsequent license renewal applications. This paper presents the status of the U.S. license renewal process and issues being addressed for possible applications for subsequent renewals for up to 80 years of operation.
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Reports on the topic "Licenze"

1

Snell, J. Atom License Extension. RFC Editor, July 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4946.

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Melnyk, Yuriy. IJSA LICENSE TERMS. KRPOCH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26697/ijsa.3.6.

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JACK N. BAILEY. STATUS OF LICENSE PLANNING. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778871.

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Balza, Lenin, Lina M. Díaz, Nicolás Gómez Parra, and Osmel Manzano. The Unwritten License: The Social License to Operate in Latin America's Extractive Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003820.

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The Latin America and the Caribbean region has benefited significantly from economic growth driven by the extractive sector. At the same time, the region has experienced high levels of conflicts related to this sector. This paper presents an overview of citizens' perceptions of the extractive industries in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. Using a representative sample for each country, we identify regional and country-specific determinants of the Social License to Operate (SLO). The SLO is an unwritten license of social approval accorded to extractive projects by citizens. In this paper, we investigate a generalized version of the SLO, capturing public sentiment toward the mining and the oil and gas sectors in general. While our findings confirm that perceptions vary across countries, we show that governance is the strongest predictor of trust between citizens and the extractive sector, which is consistent with the evidence in the literature. In addition, procedural justice, distributive justice, and nationalism play essential roles in shaping individuals' attitudes. These findings suggest that strengthening government institutions could contribute to the prevention of conflict around extractive industries.
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Fricker, Jon, and Rajeev Gupta. Video License Plate Data Reduction. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284314212.

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Thomas Hicks. License Structure for Multi-Module Facilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/986968.

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Lofthouse, Andrew J., and Robert K. Decker. FieldView Education License Usage Annual Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013454.

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Danikowski, David A. Practicing Strategic Leadership Without a License. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada522940.

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S. Tsai. PRECLOSURE CONSEQUENCE ANALYSES FOR LICENSE APPLICATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841290.

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R.J. Garrett. INTERNAL HAZARDS ANALYSIS FOR LICENSE APPLICATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/841293.

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