Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Libye et Tunisie'
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Sarroukh, Zohra. "Islam et politique dans le maghreb contemporain "maroc, algerie, tunisie, libye"." Nancy 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN20004.
Full textIn the maghreb, islam and politics have always been totally overlapping. Whatever the position reserved for it in political institutions, the powers in politics have always made islam play a role of first order at the ideological level. However, islam has likewise always provided a place for protest for social forces seeking justice and, beyond that participation in power. This cultural heritage still seems to affect both mentality and behaviour. Since independence, the authorities existing in the maghreb have been working to modernise the political system. However, since the bases of this effort have not been very solid, due to the eclecticism which has nourished them (a dosage of islam and modernity), the systems that have been born from it have contained contradictory elements producing social anomy in these countries as a result. This situation has encouraged the emergence of protest movements, in which islam predominates. Yet here also, some islamic fundamentalists would like to make islam play a cultural and religious role that could lead to an impasse, and that threatens the social fabric itself. So as to avoid these two dangers (social anomy and civil war), the protagonists are asked to make considerable efforts at the philosophical level in order to construct a political system with sound philosophical foundations. These foundations must not ignore islam, the social religion par excellence, nor should they ignore modernity, the latter being vital so as to be relevant to the times. It is only once common ground has been found regarding the bases of the national community, that divergences of opinion will appear normal and tolerable to one side and the another
Ben, Omrane Sadok. "La petite Syrte et la Tripolitaine à l'époque punique." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040394.
Full textDuring nine centuries the coast towns from the small Sirte and from the Tripolitania were Punic. From the sixth century b. C. , the Phoenicians had settled along the littoral. Literary source, archeology, epigraphy confirme that there was once a Punic presence all over this area. Tacape, Gigthis, Sabratha, Oea, Lepcis were the Carthage's emporia even after Carthage's disappearance, in 146 b. C. , the Punic culture had been certified. The senate, the plebeian assembly, and the shophet were the most famous institutions. Later, during the Numidian era and from the Roman era to the second century of hours, their culture and civilization testify to the persistence of the Phoenician-Punic contribution
Yahia-Acheche, Sophie. "L'art rupestre de Tunisie : inventaire et analyse : ses relations avec les foyers artistiques de l'Algérie et la Libye voisines." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010573.
Full textPapi, Stéphane. "La pérennité de l'islam et l'influence occidentale dans l'ordre juridique au Maghreb (Algérie, Libye, Maroc, Mauritanie, Tunisie)." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE0009.
Full textThe judicial order of Maghrebi's countries is characterised by an imitation of the laws of the ex - metropolis and by the growing influence of neo - liberal rules of a western nature. The translations of this exogenous law accentuates its shortcomings while the perennality of islam is a significant reality. States use for various ends, its strong legitimizing capacity and the legal relationships between individuals are still impregnated by it. Political and legal evolution to come cannot occur without islam, a modern interpretation of the Char'ia could favorise the emergence of a modernity at the same time endogenous and open to the world, accepted by the people for whom the religious variable remains central
Bibonne, Romain. "Sédimentologie et stratigraphie des séries clastiques du Trias inférieur à moyen du bassin de Ghadamès et de la Jeffara (Tunisie et Libye)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAH020.
Full textDuring the opening of the Neotethys Ocean north of the Ghadames and Jeffara basin, an extensional phase created subsidence. It resulted in the deposition of the first syn-rift strata aged Middle to Upper Permian (El Watiah formation) and Lower to Middle Triassic (Bir el Jaja, Ouled Chebbi and Ras Hamia / Kirchaou formations). This study provides details of the stratigraphic and sequential architecture of triassic siliciclastic series and the upper clastic part of the El Watiah formation. 221 wells and 18 sedimentological field sections (outcrops from south Tunisia) have been correlated across the entire Ghadames basin and Jeffara. An organization in 11 sequences has been highlighted. 28 isochores and paleogeographic maps have been drawn. In terms of tectonostratigraphy, a major thickening of sequences has been confirmed toward the North of Jeffara, resulting from a very strong and differential subsidence. Low and subtle differential subsidence has been demonstrated in the southern part of the basin. In addition, a new sedimentological interpretation of the TAGI formation (lateral equivalent of the ladinian Ras Hamia formation) has been considered in the El Borma area
Otman, Hitem. "L'apport possible de la régulation des médias audiovisuels à l'établissement de l'Etat de droit dans les sociétés en transition : les cas libyen et tunisien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMD002.
Full textThe audiovisual media play an important role in building the rule of law in countries in political transition, through their role as a watchdog, and through their role in promoting democratic debate and in monitoring most important element of democracy, which is free and fair elections. However, the media can play a negative role that threatens state stability and destabilizes the regime if exploited to achieve narrow personal and partisan interests.In Libya, since the fall of the regime, there has been a rapid and massive change in the field of audiovisual media. However, the absence of legal legislation regulating the media and the absence of an independent regulatory body have made the Libyan media scene a chaotic one characterized by political, regional and even tribal polarization.This thesis attempts to analyze the audiovisual media scene and to relate it to the political and media history of Libya from before independence to the present day. We also try, through this thesis, to know the role that media regulation can play in promoting democracy and the rule of law, extrapolating some theories and opinions of those interested in this field, and by extrapolating the post-revolution Tunisian experience in the field of media regulation
Jabir, Adel. "Étude stratigraphique, sédimentologique et paléogéographique des séries paléozoïques du nord du bassin de Ghadamès et de Jefarah en Libye et en Tunisie : caractérisation des réservoirs potentiels." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30031/document.
Full textThe sedimentology and tectonics and their relationship of the Paleozoic series that fill the Ghadames basin and its northern extension consisting of the Jefarah basin in Libya and Tunisia was studied. These formations belong to the Gondwana cycle and are typically interpreted as being deposited in a cratonic basin truncated by the Hercynian unconformity. This study is based on wells. The stratigraphic correlation between the wells is based on the definition of second order cycles. This allowed to produce isopach maps of facies distributions and to reconstruct the paleogeography of the different stratigraphic units. These data allow to address the nature of the deformation and also clarifies the behavior of active high regional areas during the Palaeozoic. The Paleozoic succession in the Ghadames and Jefarah basins can be divided in to five first order sequences, bounded by major tectonic unconformities with sequence duration of 40 - 70 Ma. Within these five sequences eighteen second order sequences (10 - 40 Ma) were differentiated, describing Sequence Boundaries (SB), Maximum Flooding Surfaces (MFS) and sedimentological characteristics. Twenty six wells with its geological well reports and well logs have been used in the study area, i.e. the Ghadames and Jefarah basins (Libya) illustrate how reservoir properties changes laterally and vertically through time (from a proximal to a distal sitting). Two softwares were used, JLog (version 4) petrophysical software for reservoir property analysis and PETREL (Schlumberger software 2014 version) for constructing stratigraphic correlation models. The Paleozoic reservoirs in the study area are spread over a large range of siliciclastic reservoirs with the prospective section extending from Cambrian to Permian. Hydrocarbons within the Ghadames and Jefarah basins originated from two major source rocks: i.e. the Lower Silurian Tanezoft Formation and Middle-Upper Devonian Aouinat Ounine Formation. The nine main Paleozoic reservoirs are respectively the Hassaouna, Haouaz and Memouniat Formations (Lower Paleozoic), Acacus, Tadrart, Ouan Kaza and Tahara Formations (Middle Paleozoic) and M’rar and Asadjefar Formations (Upper Paleozoic). Six stratigraphic cross sections through the area have been reconstructed to illustrate the vertical and lateral reservoir extensions. The dataset demonstrates that the Paleozoic reservoir properties are influenced by both, depositional facies and position within the paleogeographical setting (from proximal to distal part)
Saleh, Khaled. "Les Normes comptables internationales et leur application dans les pays émergents : cas de la Libye, de la Tunisie et des Émirats arabes unis." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF10328.
Full textAbdelkebir, Abderrahman. "Les Mutations socio-spatiales, culturelles et aspects anthropologiques en milieu aride : cas de la Jeffara Tuniso-Lybienne : 1837-1956." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Abdelkebir.Abderrahman.LMZ0316.pdf.
Full textThe socio-spatial and cultural transformations and the anthropological aspects in the arid environment of the Tuniso-lybian Jeffara in relation with the Arab Machrek (East) and Maghreb (West) from 1837 to 1956. The Jeffarian tribes culture between myth and reality, the relationship between governors and governed in a space of sovereignty where consequences of a double nature appear : (endogenous and exogenous) conveying the weight of the international environment, power and forces of opposition in Jeffara, the marking and the demarcation of the space leading to a struggle againts The Turkish, the french and the italian expansion. The transfer mythology of the Ourghema population (a confederation of tribes that live in western Jeffara and immigration in the Tripolitain way, the ebb and flow of refugees, the role played by associations of refugees, brotherhood and coffs. Survey and commentary of the corpus of the poetry relative to that time. The confederation of Werghemma, hierarchy and pacts with oter Tunisian and Libyan tribes. The comparison between The Pacts El Foudhoul (pact of the virtuous) of 1837 in the Tuniso-libyan jeffara, survey of thre different "Diwan" (compilations) of poetry about plains, Dhahar mountain chain, and Tripolitain life. The multidisciplinary content of the poetic message, its role in the history of "Jeffara" as an heritage grouping all the components of the Jeffarian culture. The foreign powers and the use of force and diplomatic practice that separated tribes forming a society marked by war values and grouped in a semi-autonomous confederation. This society being between the regency of Tunis and the Wilaya of Tripoli formed a kind of and independent state that stands between the Othmans in tripoli and the Regency of Tunis to prevent any relationship between them. Considered by the french protectorate as Makhzen tribes in a territory announced military and marginalized by the Beys of Tunis and the Othomans of Tripoli. The Jeffara, space of confused and shared sovereignty by the tribes and the foreign powers, this Saharan space has been produced by the diachronic superimposing od two political spaces-one of the central power showing a tendency to create a rivalry with other outlying powers this establishing a relationship of annexation
Ouerhani, Nejib. "Espaces et exils dans la littérature maghrébine de langue française." Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE39036.
Full textIn the first part entitled "spaces of the maghreb", we saw how the french-speaking writers, form the maghreb succeed in writing and building up their relationship with their space of origin. In the second part of our work, devoted to the "spaces of writing", we came to the conclusion that there are some similarities or some differences in the space-writing techniques peculiar to each of the authors studied here. In the third part, "today's imaginary world of islam : from the original mythical exile to today's real exile", we first evoked mahomet's exile. Then, we tried to check wether the prophet's exile, which was the foundation of the kingdom of islam, was still promising for the north africans, "candidates for exile", or if, on the contrary, it went off along with tear and wound. In our fourth and last part, "exiles and the french-speaking literature from the maghreb", we attempted to study the link to the french language for writers from the maghreb. Then we dedicated ourselves to the study of the place of the french-speaking literature from the maghreb within the arab and french literatures. Finally, we looked into the concept of exile for north african writers
Alhaj, Embarak Husam. "La séparation des pouvoirs dans le monde arabe : étude comparative des expériences du Maroc, de l'Algérie, la Tunisie, la Libye et l'Égypte : "Un principe à l'épreuve du pouvoir exécutif"." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100015/document.
Full textThe principle of separation of powers is one of the most important principles on which the idea of modern democracy is governed by the rule of law. It is a fundamental pillar of the structure of a democratic political system based on cooperation and balance between powers. This principle was expressed by Plato, Aristotle, John Locke, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. In the wake of the American and French revolutions, and their applications has become the most important guarantee to prevent the domination and tyranny of rulers as well as respect for human rights and freedoms and justice.This research aims at enlightening those interested in studying the law in its importance and prestige in the constitutional rules of the state. (Tunisia, Egypt, Algeria, Libya, and Morocco) and its impact on their constitutions, to determine whether the separation of powers is theoretical or practical, and to examine the specificity of these countries in applying this principle
Laroussi, Kamel. "Commerce informel et nomadisme moderne : étude de cas : la dynamique transfrontalière tuniso-libyenne dans le sud-est tunisien de 1988 à 2006." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0147.
Full textThe central problematic treated in this thesis is interested in the phenomenon of mobility of the populations of Southeastern Tunisia, through history, of which the most recent one was caused by the trans-border dynamic of the informai trade following the opening of the Tuniso-Libyan borders on February 15th, 1988 and the agreements of the Union of the Maghreb Arab (February 17th, 1989). The typology that has been developed between the System of nomadic socioeconomic production and that of the informai trade, was based on a historie retrospective (first part of the thesis) and monitoring of this new phenomenon since its appearance in 1988 (the third part of the thesis). Between 1992 and 2006, several investigations by questionnaires have been carried out (1992, March 2006, July 2006). Data provided by these investigations and field researches by the différent involved partners and social actors allowed us to settle the dynamics of the informai trade under its two dimension: the first one is relative to the historie base of the former tribal structure of the society in the Southern Tunisia, the second is relative to the context of globalization (the « new nomadism ») : real incubator of the informai trade or « globalization at the bottom »
Chikhi, Beïda. "Conflit des codes et position du sujet dans les nouveaux textes littéraires maghrébins de langue française (1970-1990)." Paris 8, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080612.
Full textOur reflection concerns the modern maghrebian texts, which is to say this category of texts which calls attention more on the transactions at work in their poetics than on the final recognition of a message. These transactions were only made possible thanks to the intense activity of writer subject's crisis in front of the historical and cultural dead end and in the conflict of codes of reference between orient and occident. The writer attempts to articulate to literature a critical reflection on anchoring and subtsituting fonctions, and its capacities to forge a maghrebian cultural maghreb is read in these texts as enigma which as question demands to be placed in the complex field of double criticism of systems of references and empty value whether they be original or imported from orient and occident. Maghred would have to negogiate with itself its own history. The writer thus attempts to conjugate policies and philosophy, poetry and esthetics to realize foundating separations and to reactivate history. History discourse is entirely tightened by the subject's crisis. History, in these texts, aims at oversteppings the dead end, and perhaps at historical theory of overstepping such as it may be formulated in intervals between cultural and civilizational areas as well as spaces of transit
Tabib, Rafaâ. "Effets de la frontière tuniso-libyenne sur les recompositions économiques et sociales des Werghemmas de la possession à la réappropriation des territoires. : De la possession à la réppropriation des territoires." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR1502/document.
Full textThe J'farra, the region crossed by the Tunisian-Libyan border, is the history land of tribal confederations; the Werghemmas and the Nouaïels. For nearly a century, she knows a set of mutations that affect both types of resource and the landscape. In a predominantly pastoral region, dominated by a tribal and nomadic social organization, the J'farra experienced a period of economic marginality before becoming, since the year 1989 the earth of smuggling. However, the J'farra is not only an area of tolerance established by the authorities or an exemption zone economic or legal exception, but a territory of structured claims from local tribal groups, forms of subversion of the border, informal activities of various forms inherent in the globalization of trade and symbolic representations based on the values of the past. When the local tribal networks have succeeded in creating a new economic reality through informal activities around the border, agrees that an early re-territorialisation around. The networks are driven primarily by a particular category, the aâmem. The aâmem have shown themselves capable of inventing alternative forms of supervision that have replaced those of the state and managed to "make land". However, the territory in the emerging J'farra is not homogeneous and leads to a series of clashes. In addition, the network is a system j'farri action and authority, and it is characterized by a hierarchy and inequality among its members, generating divisions among its members. The activity of the informal network of transnational j'farri not working in opposition to the State territory as against the state institution to which he tries to escape. The transgression of the border, the trivialization of its crossing by the descendants of ancient nomads, the reactivation of old tribal solidarity within border informal trade networks and the integration to the globalized market, paving the way for the reinvention, according to new practices , the former "conceiving of life" of the population of J'farra and its territory
BEN, MANSOUR ABDERRAHMEN. "Les etats arabes et le droit de la mer." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT4005.
Full textIn parcipating in the restricted number at the works of the first and second conference on the law of the sea, the arab states could only attend passively to rejection of the classic law of the sea. This situation as evolued during the works of the third conference on the law of the sea. In fact the 21 arab states have this time participated actively to the elaboration of the new law, creating in a like manned united group under the gouvernance of the arab league. However this unity is trouved precarious as giver evidence the case concerning the tunisian libyan continental shelf. As for the convention adopted in 1982 in montego bay, it was signed by all the arab states. And as the arab unity was precarious and that era of disillusion has quickly began, the convention was only ratified by six states prouving chiefly the victory of the sea nationalisme even among the arab.
Tabib, Rafaâ. "EFFETS DE LA FRONTIERE TUNISO-LIBYENNE SUR LES RECOMPOSITIONS ECONOMIQUES ET SOCIALES DES WERGHEMMAS, de la possession a la réappropriation des territoires." Phd thesis, Université François Rabelais - Tours, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00662518.
Full textJouili, Mustapha. "Ajustement structurel, mondialisation et agriculture familiale en Tunisie." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10021.
Full textThe agrarian question is nowadays at the heart of destructive effects of the neoliberal globalization. Imposed in extreme inequality condition, free-trade policies overwhelm millions of peasants in the South. The GATT and WTO agricultural agreement is shaped to serve the main objective of opening South markets for North agricultural surplus. This agreement exposes South peasants to the competition with highly productive producer, while the logic of globalized accumulation deprives them of any possibility of catch-up. In Tunisia, the adoption of a neoliberal agricultural policy, since the application of SAP, is the cause of structural alteration of peasant and family farmers production and reproduction conditions: unfavorable price evolution, exclusion from finance system, restricted access to land, inefficiency of services…. The ultimate consequence is a tendency towards the deterioration of peasants' real income. However, heterogeneity of real production conditions is the foundation of an emphasis of socio-economic differentiation among farmers. With the signing of WTO agreements and the free-trade agreement with the EU, it has become more and more difficult for peasant to survive. Moreover, the mechanisms which allowed them to survive have reached their limits. The new orientations have only increased the socio-economic disparities in the rural world. Small peasants are more and more marginalized and condemned to exodus without assuring employment possibilities. More than small peasants' proletarization, it is the ruin of rural regions. Poverty, unemployment and food dependency are the main consequences
Mahfoudh, Naoufel. "La création de la zone de libre échange Tunisie-Union européenne et ses effets sur l'emploi en Tunisie : analyse théorique et analyse empirique." Nice, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NICE0003.
Full textOur research in this thesis focused on the effects of the creation of the Free Trade Area EU-Tunisia on employment in Tunisia. We have structured our analysis on the subject around two axes. Initially, we studied the impact of trade liberalization process on the Tunisian economy, and in a second step, we studied the impact of the creation of free trade zone with the European Union on employment in Tunisia. Our research presented and discussed the theoretical and empirical literature and stylized facts on the subject. In our study we used three methodological tools. First, we studied for the case of Tunisia the effects of trade openness on economic growth. Next, we studied the effects of trade on employment in Tunisia using two methods: one method first employment content of trade and a second that uses econometric tools. Finally, we applied a computable general equilibrium model to assess the dynamic impact of free trade agreement between Tunisia and the European Union on employment in Tunisia. The main results can be summarized as follows : - Trade openness especially with the European Union has contributed positively to economic growth in Tunisia. - The Association Agreement seems to have a positive impact although moderate on employment and growth in Tunisia. - The choice of the tax reform accompanying the opening has significant effects on employment and growth. - The choice of direct taxation yields better results in terms of investment, economic growth and employment. - The effects of the creation of the Free Trade Area depends on the weight of intermediate inputs in total Tunisian imports. The tariff reduction will decrease the relatively high prices of these goods, which in turn encourages investment. The reduction of protection is equivalent to an investment promotion and production, leading to lower unemployment
Jebahi, Hedi. "L'investissement étranger et la stratégie du développement endo-exogène dans l'enjeu de la mondialisation en droit tunisien." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0042.
Full textThe dynamic of research of new factors of development is the main concern for Tunisia. The foreign investment through the principle: Let Invest, ‘’LAISSER-INVESTIR” is the appropriate remedy for the syndrome of under-development. For Tunisia, the investment protection is the major factor. It had taken measures concerning the institutional framework as well as the economic conditions or the business facilitation. The main promotion actions of investments conducted by Tunisia are financial and fiscal incentives, communication (advertisement, etc.) and the setting up of investment promotion agencies to facilitate the establishment of foreign investors. Finally, the acceptance of Tunisia to relinquish a part of its sovereignty is a perfect obedience to the demands of globalization and a solemn answer to the claim of the endogenous/exogenous development. The acceptation of Tunisia to be judged by an individual before one regional judicial institution or an international arbitration reflects the harmony with excellence with the dictates of the New International Economic Order (NIEO). Tunisia is not at outside the global economic society, but rather in the heart of the event. She becomes globalized and internationalized
Jaidane, Riadh. "L'influence du droit communautaire sur le droit tunisien de la concurrence." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE0058.
Full textThe impact of communitarian law of competition goes beyond the legislation in the associated countries. This is the case of Tunisia, whose competition law has been changed according to certain communitarian regulations, since the country has signed an Association Agreement with the European Union. This Agreement prohibits nearly the same anticompetitive practices, as are forbidden by Tunisian competition law. However, it also introduces new measures concerning state aides, liberalization of the public sector and adjustment of state monopolies. The Tunisian law on competition and prices of 1991 has created an autonomous body of control: the Council of competition, which will play an ever more important role concerning the regulation of the market. The interventions of this institution have increased over the last years, certainly under the influence of communitarian regulations imposed by the Association agreement and WTO regulations; but also under the pressure of growing complexity and diversity of juridical problems caused by the accelerated development of new modes and techniques of the functioning of markets and commerce
Saoudi, Abdelkader. "Ouverture économique, accord de partenariat et industrialisation : le cas de la Tunisie." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0959.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyze the benefits of Tunisia's economic opening and the creation of a free trade zone with the EU on the development and industrialization of the country. This economic opening toward Europe could anchor policies, thus reducing the risk of reversing Tunisia's economic opening hence strengthening the credibility of structural and institutional reforms. This in turn makes the country more attractive to foreign capital. To achieve this, the government has put in place an "upgrading" program which includes a set of economic measures to enable the national production system to adapt to the new context. The most dynamic national sectors in industry are now facing tough competition in international markets. This is the case of the Clothing Textile Manufacturers following the abolition of the Multifiber Arrangement in 2005. The industrialization and development of the country depend on both endogenous and exogenous factors. Endogenous factors include the pace of institutional and structural reforms, the development of physical and social infrastructure, and good governance. Exogenous factors include efficient integration of the Tunisian national economy into the world economy through market penetration of promising economic sectors, sectors with high added value as well as sectors with high demand in international markets
Gargouri, Nabawia. "La libéralisation des échanges et le marché du travail dans les pays en developpement : cas de la Tunisie." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0021/document.
Full textOur thesis focuses on the role of liberalization of foreign trade in the changes that have taken place in the labor market in developing countries, notably the case of Tunisia. Our analysis is divided into two parts, the first looks at the theoretical foundations of the link between trade liberalization and labor market and their empirical validation, and the second looks at the effects of trade opening on the Tunisian labor market. We present the degree of integration of Tunisia in the global economy and the various reforms of the labor market that occurred after the adoption of the structural adjustment program and the implementation of free trade agreements, particularly with the European Union. In our study we estimate a two-equation model on employment and salary. Our estimate is based on two approaches, one in two dimensions, time and sectors, and the other only looking at the time dimension. The main results may be summarized as follows:- Imports and exports are the least meaningful variables because they have a marginal effect on labor demand. Conversely, production and employment with a time lag are the more explanatory variables without sectoral specificity.- The determination of the salary level adjusted for inflation depends on imports and exports which have different effects in the short or long term depending on the sector (exportable, importable and non-tradable). Moreover, employment and productivity of skilled and unskilled workers are explanatory variables and may have a sectoral specification. As for production, it operates differently in different sectors
Essid, Hédi. "L'induction statistique dans le modèle DEA avec inputs quasi-fixes : développements théoriques et une application au secteur de l'éducation tunisien." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50374-2007-Essid.pdf.
Full textMathlouthi, Najla. "Déterminisme du support moléculaire et de l'épidémiologie de la résistance aux β-lactamines chez des bacilles à Gram négatif isolés dans des hôpitaux tunisiens et libyens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0079/document.
Full textThe increase and spread of β-lactam resistance in gram negative bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter (E.P.A) species have become a major concern worldwide. The hospital-acquired infections caused by MDR bacteria have led to an increase in mortality, morbidity and cost of treatment. The frequent misuse of antibiotic drug has greatly contributed to worldwide dissemination of antibiotics resistance. Front of this worldwide concern, and various recommendations, several epidemiological and molecular studies have been reported in order to control the spread and the dissemination of these MDR. Unlike many parts of the world, there is little information concerning the molecular characterization of the β-lactam resistance genes of Gram-negative bacilli isolated in Tunisia and especially in Libya. Therefore, it is in this context that the project of this thesis was conducted with essential objectives: (i) highlight the prevalence of multi-resistant Gram negative bacilli isolated in Tunisian and Libyan hospitals (ii) identify the genetic support of resistance to β-lactams of these clinical strains (iii) study the clonal diversity of the multi-resistant strains by molecular typing (iii) study the molecular epidemiology of these BMRs in these countries in order to control the decision-making process of the treatment and the rapid identification of epidemics by implementing appropriate control measures for the spread of infections and especially developing new tools and software for the diagnosis and monitoring of potential MDR bacteria in Mediterranean countries