Relevant bibliographies by topics / Libyan economy

Academic literature on the topic 'Libyan economy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Libyan economy"

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Kreiw, Rwida. "IMPACT OF THE POLITICAL INSTABILITY ON THE LIBYAN ECONOMY." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij310161k.

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Regarding the Libyan macroeconomic framework, the petroleum sector returns caused to the government and the need to support civil service job opportunity and preserve the widespread funding system. In 2006, the increasing of the price of the Libyan price oil, around US $63.05, had a significant and positive influence on the Libyan economic situation. The price increased around 65 % compared to the corresponding value in 2004 which was in averaged around US $38.In the same context, the favorable enhancement in the oil sector donated to an observable development in balance of payment surplus, which achieved around 15.4 % of gross domestic product. Also, international reserves improved to be around 19 billion US dollars. Moreover, the Libyan authorities have decreased the bank the percentage of interest rates across the board to enhance the demand in the private sector for credit and established a strategy to update the payment system. All these monetary policies and strategies affect positively on the Libyan macroeconomic and financial situations to be satisfactory in 2004.In 2005, the performance of the macroeconomic stayed comparatively strong. The gross domestic product achieved approximately about 3.5 %. Moreover, the inflation stayed 2.5 %. On the other hand, the economic development is assessed to have been created mainly 4.5 % in the non-oil sectors. In details, the non-oil sectors such as hotels and transportation, construction and services, agriculture and manufacturing sector with respectively values 7%, 5%, 2.5 % and 1.8%. unfortunately, all these sectors showed weak performance recently because of the unstable political situation in the country.Regarding to the banking sectors, according to (Murugiah and Akgam, 2015), Libyan banking sector has realized especially after the issuance of laws. In 2005, this Central Bank of Libya has significant impact on establishing banks and reorganization assets inducing them to look for new investment chances. In our model, the variables Stock Capital, Libyan Oil PriceNumber of population in Libya and dummy variable for the political instability have significant impact on the Libyan gross domestic products at 5% significance level. The heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation tests are checked in the model.Finally, we conclude that increasing (decreasing) the oil and gas prices has a significant influence on the economic development generally in Libya and on the macroeconomic indicators, such as gross domestic product, monetary policy, the unemployment rate, and the inflation rate in the country.
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A.N., Emad, and Kalim S. "Public Policies to Support Entrepreneurship and SMEs Growth: The Case of Libya." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Innovation 5, no. 1 (July 30, 2022): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ijebi_rv1codey.

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This study explored the role of government policies to support entrepreneurship and the growth of Small - Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Libyan economy. Due to the current situation of the business in Libya, urgent policies need from the Libyan government to focus on several aspects of SMEs for entrepreneurship and economic growth. Because of these challenges, the objective of this study is to establish a solid foundation for understanding the government's role in promoting entrepreneurship, also creating business for SMEs. The study found some circumstances that promote entrepreneurship and the environment of SMEs in the Libyan economy, such as investigating the impact of various types of recent government policies, identifying difficulties and challenges, improving the higher education system, and analysing Libyan decision-makers perspectives. As a result, the study indicated that Libyan government policies for entrepreneurship play a positive and crucial role in the development and growth of SMEs.
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Mahmoud, Masouda, and Randa M. A. Shallouf. "The Impact of government spending on economic growth in Libya (The relationship between public spending and economic growth in the Islamic economy, and the traditional economy)." Al-Jabal Academy Journal of Social and Humanitarian Sciences 1, no. 1 (November 15, 2022): 60–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.58309/aajssh.v1i1.2.

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The study explained the impact of government spending on economic growth in Libya. Public spending is one of the tools of financial policy, where the government spends, to achieve its economic and social objectives. Public spending in Islam aims to advance production, increase investment, and its regulation of production allows more investments. The Libyan economy achieved a financial surplus in the period from 2000-2012 AD through measures taken by Libya in economic legislation in order to reduce the burdens on the public budget, and the Islamic economy treated public spending by adhering to the principle of moderation in every type of consumer spending, the investment, and the honest. It is possible to provide the necessary resources to carry out other types, to achieve the interests of the spenders and the deserving alike. Islam, and government spending raises growth rates in the gross domestic product, and addresses the imbalance in economic cycles. The Libyan economy works on government spending to enhance economic growth. This study recommended working to reduce dependence on the oil sector creating other alternative sources of local income by supporting economic sectors and increasing investment spending.
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Oji, Okey, Raymond Adibe, Chukwuemeka Ejiofor, Ikemefuna Nwoke , and Chikwado Ezugworie. "Neoliberal Democratic Reforms in Post-Gaddafi Era: Implications for Political Stability in Libya, 2011-2016." JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 12, no. 2 (May 30, 2018): 2680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jssr.v12i2.7447.

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This study investigates the neoliberal democratic reforms in post-Gaddafi era and its implications for political stability in Libya. Specifically, the study examined the contradictions of the ruling class project of democratization in Libya and their implications for political instability in the post-Gaddafi era. The study found that the democratic project as propagated by the ruling class in post-Gaddafi’s Libya is an intrinsic feature of modernization, a transition from authoritarian to more open political systems, a process linking economic reform and political liberalization perceived as not expressing an organic unity, but separate and either consecutively or concurrently linked. By viewing political instability as an inevitable pendulum of the cyclical transition from authoritarian to more democratic system, neoliberal democracy in post-Gaddafi’s Libya legitimizes authoritarianism in so far as it promotes modernization and liberal system of free market economy. The implication of the study is that the adoption of a new economic system, as well as western-style political institutions in post-Gaddafi Libya, relegating the consultation and active participation of the Libyan people undermined the democratic project. The exclusion of Libyans in the democratization process ultimately gave rise to political instability in post-revolution Libya. We therefore, recommended a referendum as a preferred option for Libyans to decide economic and political organization of Libya.
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Bonga, Wellington Garikai, and Puruweti Siyakiya. "A Miniscule Exploration of the Libyan Stock Market." Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance 6, no. 11 (November 5, 2022): 358–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i11.001.

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The formation of the Libyan Stock Market (LSM) has been greatly affected by instability in the country. The stock market has been active, inactive, active and inactive since its inception in 2006. On the other end, there has been a growing concern and existence of constant pressure to activate the stock market for the benefit of the economy. The factional disagreements and a weak security environment that persist pose heavy challenges for developing and re-activating the stock market. The economic outlook for Libya remains uncertain. It remains difficult to forecast economic outcomes with any degree of confidence because of high uncertainty linked to political and security developments. The times when the stock market was active, significant contribution was brought to the economy, and such has been confirmed by many stakeholders. If re-activated the LSM is expected to play vital role in capital supply for investment, which in turn drive economic development in Libya. For effective contribution, LSM should be established on strong and stable foundations.
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CAVUSOGLU, Behiye, and Mariam ALSABR. "An ARDL Co-Integration Approach to Inflation, FDI and Economic Growth in Libya." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 8, no. 8 (September 3, 2018): 2373. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v8.8(30).07.

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Despite the different economic systems that are prevalent around the world, inflation and foreign direct investment (FDI) are two important instruments to attain economic objectives. It is apparent that the inflation rate is an important indicator of the economic performance of any country and this has necessitated the urgent need to measure, study and analyze this phenomenon. FDI is another important factor affecting economic growth, which plays an essential role in the economies of host countries, particularly those that are developing economies, including Libya. The Libyan economy has many characteristics and features that make it attractive to the foreign investors. The main aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between inflation, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Libya. In order to investigate the relationship between the variables, the ARDL Bound test was used along with necessary statistical tests. The obtained results showed that there is a continual correlation between inflation, foreign direct investment and economic growth in Libya. Further observations showed that foreign direct investment policies being implemented by the Libyan government have had an adverse effect on economic growth.
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Al-Maghadmi, Saham Muhammad, JM Muslimin, and Lathaif M. Ghazali. "Al-Qur’an wa al-Dirasah al-Iqtisadiyah: al-Azmah fi Libya wa Mu’alajatuha Hasb Nadzariyah Sayyidina Yusuf as." Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 21, no. 2 (August 25, 2021): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v21i2.8090.

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The study aims to describe the plan and solution for economic crisis in the era of Prophet Yusuf and to find out how the economic crisis in Libya was and the implementation of the plan in order to solve Libyan economic crisis. The researcher employed descriptive analysis as the research method. The data were collected using scientific documents and interviews. The study result shows that economic crisis in the era of Prophet Yusuf included fifteen years of food crisis and the budget planning consisted of three stages namely: early warning stage and the preparation for the crisis called as the seven first phase and phase facing the crisis called as the seven second phase and the reactivity phase is called as annual cycle. The Libyan economic crisis was due to the decrease of its macroeconomy and the weak condition of state institutions leading to significant oil production decrease and the shutdown of the harbors, the increase of the unemployed due to drastic decrease of non-oil sector, liquidity in financial sector without state assistance further weakened Libyan economy both in the trade and industrial activities contributing to high inflation. The implementation of resolution for Libyan economic crisis: the use of agricultural cycle strategy, budget planning strategy, production distribution strategy using legalization knowledge, limited speculation, the planning of social relationship and price stabilization
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Etelawi, Abdulrazag Mohamed, Keith A. Blatner, and Jill McCluskey. "Crude Oil and the Libyan Economy." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 4 (March 12, 2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n4p95.

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Oil is the primary source of income in the Libyan economy; hence, it is important to more fully understand the economic factors associated with this sector of the economy. We applied a recent growth theory model to develop a better understanding of the relationship among capital, labor, domestic consumption of oil, oil exports and gross domestic product (GDP) in the Libyan economy. A log linear model was estimated using annual data for the period 1980 to 2012. All of the coefficients were significant at the 0.05 level except the log of labor, which was significant at the 0.0613 level. The signs associated with the variables were consistent with economic theory. The adjusted R square was 0.912 indicating that approximately 91 percent of variation in GDP was explained by the independent variables. There was only limited multicollinearity in the model as all Variance Inflation Factors (VIF) values were less than 10. Breusch Pagan and Anderson-Darling test results indicated a constant variance and that the errors were normally distributed, respectively. Similarly, the Durbin-Watson statistic indicated an absence of autocorrelation at the 0.05 level. The resulting elasticities were positive and strongly inelastic, indicating that large changes in each of the variables would be required to dramatically increase GDP. Nevertheless, it is clear that oil will continue to play a leading future economic growth and development.
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Etelawi, Abdulrazag Mohamed, Keith A. Blatner, and Jill McCluskey. "Sustainability and Depletion Accounting: A Case Study of Oil in Libya." Environment and Natural Resources Research 7, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v7n1p34.

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There is a strong need to study sustainability and depletion accounting of oil in the Libyan economy because oil production and export is the single largest source of national income in the country. This study covers the time period from 1990 to 2009. Throughout this period, the Libyan national economy used its oil and petroleum industries to increase national income. Development sustainability can be defined as investment divided by GDP. This measure provides an indication of the low level of sustainable development in Libya over the period of analysis, which is 0.38 on average. It is important that the Libyan government develop and implement plans and strategies for achieving sustainability and the maintenance of oil resources.Carbon dioxide emissions provide another indication of the presence or absence of sustainability. The ratio of carbon dioxide ranged from a minimum of 8.50 metric tons per capita in 1990 to 10.00 metric tons per capita in 2009 and average 9.07 metric tons per capita over the course of the study period. CO2 emissions were also much higher than other countries in the Middle East and North Africa. This suggests there was relatively little interest in the sustainable development of the Libyan economy during this period. The Environment Domestic Product (EDP) increased sharply from the beginning of the study at $24.23 billion in 1991 to $45.87 billion in 2009 in constant dollars. Again, one can infer that policy makers did not consider the depletion of oil resources and the environment in their planning process, or at least did not place a high level of concern on this issue.
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Ali, Ashraf, and Chukwunonye Ezeah. "Framework for Management of Post-Conflict Waste in Libya." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 5 (February 28, 2017): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n5p32.

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An important aspect of the Libyan conflict since the 2011 Arab Spring is the generation and management of huge volumes of construction and demolition (C&D) type waste, arising from conflict-related damage to the built environment. Estimates put the amount of Post-Conflict Waste (PCW) at about 82 million tonnes, much of which comprises potentially useful materials that could be reused or further processed and used in construction and other sectors of the economy. This paper presents and discusses the challenges that affect the use, reuse and recycling of such materials. To validate findings from literature, a pilot questionnaire survey of 70 professionals working in the waste management sector was carried out to identify the barriers constraining sustainable management of solid waste stream in three major Libyan cities. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20.0. Based on the identified barriers, a framework for sustainable management of post-conflict waste arising in Libya has been designed in line with the medium-term infrastructure development objectives of the Libyan government. The paper recommends an urgent revision of applicable legislation and the formulation of new ones to address identified gaps in sustainable waste management. It is envisaged that results from this study will help underpin post-conflict sustainable development goals in Libya.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Libyan economy"

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Ruhaet, H. F. "Econometric model for the Libyan economy, 1970-2006." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/29325/.

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The implicit aim in this kind of study, especially within developing countries, is to provide a tool that allows an economic decision maker to stand on solid ground and to reduce the problems that arise from the stochastic decisions in such countries. One of most effective tools, in this regard, is the econometric model. Accordingly, in pursuit of achieving this aim, this study constructed a small econometric model for the Libyan economy with a view to assessing the existing and alternative economic policies, specifically fiscal and monetary policies, and then aimed to explore their transmission mechanisms and interaction. Therefore, the model is designed to capture the main characteristics of the economy whilst also exploiting the developments in economic theory and econometric analytical tools. The model consists of six blocks, namely, the aggregate demand, the aggregate supply, the balance of payments, the government, the monetary, and the price. The model has been estimated utilizing time-series data spanning the period from 1970 to 2006. Also, the single equation of the model was estimated by using the ‘Gets’ technique which involves the formulation of a ‘general’ unrestricted model ‘GUM’ that is congruent with the data and the application of a ‘testing down’ process, eliminating variables with coefficients that are not statistically significant leading to a simpler ‘specific’ congruent model that encompasses rival models. This step achieves the first objective of the use of econometric models which is the structural analysis. In addition, this study has carried out the remaining two objectives of econometric studies, namely forecasting and policy analysis. Accordingly, in order to fulfil this aim the model of the study has been solved as a whole, simultaneously using the dynamic simulation technique. It is evident from the dynamic simulation of the model that the model’s performance is, generally, quite satisfactory, whereby the model tracking behaviour clarified a good fit, and this is realized for most of the equations which performed much better than would be expected for a model of a developing country such as Libya. The evaluation of the forecast accuracy of the model using the (MAPE), (RMSPE), and the Theil inequality coefficient (U) asserted the relatively good performance of the model. The simulations’ experiments in this study have evaluated the potential influences of the two major policy options, fiscal policy and monetary policy. As expected, with regard to the analysis of the monetary policy scenario and compared with the fiscal policy scenario, it can be concluded that monetary policy is less efficient compared to fiscal policy, according to this proposed model for the analysis of economic policy in Libya. In addition, also, it is evident that fiscal policy should play a key role in the management of the Libyan economy and the role of monetary policy should be confined to supporting fiscal policy.
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Aboulsayan, A. "Oil, growth and structural change in the Libyan economy 1960-1990." Thesis, University of London, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539319.

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Yahia, Abdusalam Faraj. "The effects of the fluctuations in oil prices on the performance of the Libyan economy." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/95.

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Elkrghli, Sabri G. M. "The contribution of market orientation to business success in the Libyan transitional economy : a mixed-methods approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2010. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=11534.

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Suod, Rehab Mohamed Ben. "A study of motives and determinants of foreign direct investment in the key sectors of Libyan economy." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://eprints.glos.ac.uk/3256/.

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The study analyses the key motives and determinants of FDI in various sectors of the Libyan economy. It compares the results for the different sectors to determine how the policy of the Libyan government could be improved in order to increase the benefits for the government and the country. A new framework was developed for this research. A qualitative methodology using multiple case studies was employed. The case study companies comprised eight companies from four sectors. The four sectors were compared and contrasted using Porter's five forces model. The analysis of the eight companies had two stages: "within" and "cross-cases" analyses. Data were gathered through in depth, semi-structured interviews with foreign and local company managers, and government policy makers. The study also uses data collected from secondary sources such as company websites, documents and government reports. The empirical findings reveal the existence of a core of motives and determinants of FDI in Libya that are common for all parties across all sectors. This finding is surprising in relation to the similarity across sectors. This might be explained by the uniform government policy over a relatively stagnant forty-year period. These factors are: market size and growth, high return on investment and investment incentives, political stability, infrastructure and low transportation costs, business and industrial linkages, progress of privatisation, institutions, culture and attractive geographic location. The sector-specific and actor-specific determinants are however less important than the common ones. In terms of obstacles to FDI, bureaucratic red tape, infrastructure in terms of Internet, telephone, and the banking system inhibit FDI inflows in all contexts. The findings of this study showed also the critical role of the Libyan government in facilitating the process of FDI. This is probably the first study to incorporate both host government and foreign investors' views about motives and determinants of FDI.
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Saeeh, Atef Ahmed. "Exploring the economic and commercial relations between Libya and the EU : a perception analysis of Libyan businessmen." Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/490/.

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The Libyan economy is highly dependent on oil export revenues, which allied to a small population, makes Libya one of the richest countries in Africa. In order to diversify its sources of income, the government undertook measures to liberalise its economy and foreign trade. The central strategy of enhancing trade and developing the Libyan economy is to integrate with the EU by taking a pro-active part in EU-initiated economic cooperation and integration programmes and treaties, such as the Barcelona Process. This process constitutes an important step towards enhancing the openness of Libya’s economy and creating convergence towards EU economies. The research explores the perceptions of Libyan businessmen on the economic and trade relationship between Libya and the EU by focusing directly on trends, developments, problems and prospects. The research also aims to explore problems encountered between Libya and the EU with the objective of establishing ways in which to lessen the adverse effects. It suggests policy measures to be adopted to improve Libya’s trade and economic relations with the EU. To fulfil its aims and objectives, this study utilised both primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through a survey questionnaire conducted in Libya, which explored the opinions, perceptions and attitudes of Libyan businessmen towards trade-related issues with the EU. In addition, the secondary data were in the form of published statistical data relating to trade between Libya and the EU. The findings of this study demonstrated that the majority of Libyan businessmen have positive attitude towards economic cooperation and the integration process between Libya and the EU within the EU-Mediterranean Partnership (Barcelona Process) in general, and towards the establishment of FTA in particular. In addition, the majority of Libyan businessmen think that achievements in the economic field were the most successful policy aims within the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership, while perceiving the political and military and security fields to be of a minor role. However, the majority consider that trade between Libya and EU still faces a number of obstacles, despite Libya joining the Barcelona Process. These include the high price of EU products, the difference in terms of quality, and the adoption of high customs duties on EU products by the Libyan authorities and the lack of information about the opportunities available in EU markets. The study, also, finds that the majority of Libyan businessmen see the future of Libyan economy tied closely to the EU, rather than in an African, Arab or Islamic Union, in which they show little interest.
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Mohamed, Mohamed Ali. "Diversification prospects for sustainable Libyan economic growth." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2014. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/20337/.

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The theory of resource dependence captures the extent to which a country’s economy relies on resource rents. It is usually measured in proportion to GDP, exports, or government revenues; hence, it is a function of absolute levels of resource extraction and rent capture in the context of other economic activity and sources of state revenue. This study has focused on the efforts to date by Libya to diversify its economic base. The resource dependence observed in Libya’s economy is driven mainly by the fact that there are relatively few alternative forms of economic activity, as evidenced by a per capita gap in GDP, or a low level of other exports. The state’s fiscal reliance on revenues from the extractive industries also depends on the size of other revenue streams. Yet, Libya has been unable to adequately distribute its GDP across a wide range of productive sectors. This concern highlights the earlier awareness to the risks of oil resource depletion which could compromise the future of the Libyan economy. In-depth interviews, and semi-structured questionnaire data analysis were carried out to obtain an actual view of the respondent’s perception. The study found that to achieve its objective of sustainability, Libya will need to ensure natural resources continue to be managed efficiently into the future. This may require some policy adjustments. First, diversifying the economy towards higher value-added tasks in manufacturing and services requires renewed emphasis on the structural reform agenda, as well as enhancements to public investment management. These will create the necessary conditions for accelerate productive investments in non-commodity sectors. The formation and the implementation of the policy were consistent with the analysis suggested by literature review. A series of recommendation to improve on the policy was made based on the analysis of the problems indicated and based on suggestions from respondents.
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Eltaweel, Mukhtar Elhadi. "Financing of small businesses in the Libyan economic environment." Thesis, University of Gloucestershire, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.540074.

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Moughayt, Bachar. "Les stratégies d'implantation des firmes étrangères au Liban : les sources de la confiance." Thesis, Angers, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ANGE0057.

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L’économie libanaise est confrontée à un paradoxe. D’une part, elle est très dépendante de l’apport des capitaux étrangers pour financer sa croissance et créer les emplois de demain. D’autre part, elle a du mal à attirer sur son sol les capitaux étrangers qui privilégient souvent d’autres destinations, y compris dans le bassin méditerranéen au Moyen-Orient. L’objectif de notre travail consiste dans un premier temps à identifier les déterminants des stratégies d’implantation des entreprises étrangères au Liban en mettant l’accent sur ceux qui favorisent ou, au contraire, repoussent les flux d'IDE. Dans un deuxième temps, notre objectif est de définir les déterminants sur lesquels se basent les firmes étrangères dans le choix de leur emplacement sur le territoire libanais. Pour ce faire, nous avons conduit une démarche de recherche en deux étapes : Une première phase a été consacrée à la revue de la littérature théorique et empirique sur les déterminants de la localisation des IDE. Au vu de la rareté des travaux consacrés au Moyen-Orient et particulièrement au Liban, une deuxième phase a été menée avec une approche qualitative et interprétativiste. Les données empiriques ont été recueillies au moyen d’une enquête réalisée auprès de 18 personnes. Dans cette étude, nous avons observé que les facteurs de l’internationalisation des entreprises étrangères au Liban dépassent les déterminants classiques de la littérature théorique. Ces facteurs s’articulent principalement autour de la confiance, de la religion, de la proximité culturelle, de la situation politique, de la qualité des institutions, etc. Enfin, nos résultats nous ont permis d’affiner la teneur de la théorie de référence sur les déterminants des stratégies d’implantation des entreprises étrangères au regard du contexte du Liban
The Lebanese economy encounters a paradox. On one hand, in pursuance of financing its growth and in order to create future jobs, it became quite dependent on foreign capital contributions. And on the other hand, it’s facing a difficulty of attracting foreign capitals that rather prefer other destinations than Lebanon, including the Mediterranean basin in the Middle East. Our research objective consists of firstly identifying the determinants of Implementation strategies of foreign companies in Lebanon, by focusing on those who favor or rather delay the FDI flows. And our consecutive objective is to define the determinants on which foreign companies base their choice of emplacement on Lebanese territories.In order to execute this research and achieve these objectives, we divided our work into two stages:The first stage was devoted to the theoretical and empirical review of the determinants of the location of FDI, the data of this stage was collected by conducting a survey on 18 people. The second stage, which is an interpretative approach, was carried out due to the lack of researches on the Middle East and particularly on Lebanon. Through this study we observed that the factors of internationalization of foreign companies in Lebanon exceed the classical determinants of the theoretical literature. These factors are distinctly concentrated around trust, religion, cultural juxtaposition, political situation, institution levels, etc. At last, our results allowed us to enhance the content of the reference theory on the determinants of the implementation strategies of foreign companies in view of the Lebanese context
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Manfor, Lamine. "Determinants of earnings in the Libyan urban labour market." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.287244.

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Books on the topic "Libyan economy"

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Ronald, Reagan. Libyan sanctions. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of State, Bureau of Public Affairs, 1986.

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Oxford Institute for Energy Studies., ed. Libya, the political economy of oil. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, 1996.

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Bichara, Khader, El-Wifati Bashir, Université catholique de Louvain (1970- ). Centre d'étude et de recherche sur le monde arabe contemporain., and Hayʼah al-Qawmīyah lil-Baḥth al-ʻIlmi (Libya), eds. The Economic development of Libya. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

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Callot, Jean Pierre. Le Liban. 6th ed. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 2000.

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Aspekte der libyischen Ausseninvestitionspolitik, 1972-1985. Hamburg: Deutsches Orient-Institut im Verbund der Stiftung Deutsches Übersee-Institut, 1985.

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Qadhdhāfī, Sayf al-Islām M. Libya and the XXI century. Libya?]: One 9 Media, 2002.

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M, Buru M., Ghanem Shukri Mohammed, McLachlan K. S, and Society for Libyan Studies (London, England), eds. Planning and development in modern Libya. London, England: Society for Lybian Studies, 1985.

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Libya: Continuity and change. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, [England]: Routledge, 2011.

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Monique, Dorsch, ed. Libyen: Zurück auf der Weltbühne. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2000.

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Carsten, Arnold. North Africa: Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia. 2nd ed. London: Metra Consulting, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Libyan economy"

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St John, Ronald Bruce. "The Libyan Economy in Transition." In Libya since 1969, 127–51. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-61386-7_6.

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St John, Ronald Bruce. "The Post-Qadhafi Economy." In The 2011 Libyan Uprisings and the Struggle for the Post-Qadhafi Future, 85–111. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137308092_4.

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di Lernia, S. "Dry Climatic Events and Cultural Trajectories: Adjusting Middle Holocene Pastoral Economy of the Libyan Sahara." In Droughts, Food and Culture, 225–50. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47547-2_14.

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Harris, Lillian Craig. "Libya's Economy." In Libya, 107–24. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003248033-6.

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Allan, J. A. "Planning and Economic Development Since 1969." In Libya, 179–231. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003314264-7.

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Allan, J. A. "Planning and Economic Development Before 1969." In Libya, 71–95. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003314264-3.

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Attia, Adel, Ismail Siala, and Fathi Azribi. "General Oncology Care in Libya." In Cancer in the Arab World, 133–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_9.

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AbstractLibya is a large country, ranking at fourth in terms of area both in the Arab world and the African continent (https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/which-are-the-10-largest-countries-of-africa-by-size.html). It is part of the World Health Organization–Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office (WHO–EMRO) region. Oil production is the main source of income which has transformed the country massively over the past 50 years and the healthcare system is one of the sectors that have improved significantly. The Health Act No (106), issued in 1973, guarantees free health services to all Libyans, with inevitable challenges regarding the delivery of adequate and sustainable services. The health system in Libya is a mix between the public sector and the private sector. The private sector is basically depending on funding through insurance companies and self-pay. It is not yet adequately developed but is striving and rapidly growing in the last two decades.The oncology services are accessible and available for all Libyans, most of the diagnostic and therapeutic facilities are of good standards and the modern treatments like immunotherapy and targeted therapies are also available. However, there were periods when the health care system—in general—was struggling to meet the increasing demand on health services and has seen considerable challenges, especially over the past few years due to the conflict, political, and economic instability of the country. This chapter covers the oncology care in Libya, describing the current state, challenges, and future directions.
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Talani, Leila Simona. "Libya: The Political Economy of Isolation." In The Arab Spring in the Global Political Economy, 204–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137272195_8.

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Jianping, Li, Li Minrong, Wang Jinnan, Li Jianjian, Su Hongwen, and Huang Maoxing. "Report on the Global Environment Competitiveness of Libya." In Current Chinese Economic Report Series, 577–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54678-5_84.

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Darwish, Saad, Abdul Aziz Abdul Rahman, and Abdelrhman Meero. "Libra Currency and its Global Financial and Economic Impact." In Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable Finance and Sustainable Technology, 20–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93464-4_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Libyan economy"

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Eliaser, Ali Omar. "CHALLENGES AND OPPORUNITIES TO TRANSITION INTO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY IN LIBYA." In 6th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2020.117.

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Libya is an Oil- Based Economy as a large percentage of its GDP comes from oil and gas sector. The main objective of this paper is to investigate the challenges and opportunities for the transition to a knowledge based economy in Libya. The broader question in this research is firstly, what are the main challenges facing the transition into the knowledge-based economy in Libya? Secondly, what are the major opportunities for transition into a knowledge-based economy in Libya? The research methodology was based on a descriptive and comparative method of analysis. The contribution of this research is to fill the acute shortage in the Libyan literature by presenting a more comprehensive analysis and investigating the challenges and opportunities for the shift to a knowledge-based economy in Libya. The findings of this study indicate several obstacles for a transition to a knowledge-based economy in Libya such as political, social, economic, institutional, and organisational obstacle.
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Mustapha, Siti Maziha, and Fadhil Tahar M. Mahmoud. "Autonomous Learning Readiness and English Language Performance of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Libyan Secondary School Students." In The Second International Conference on Social, Economy, Education, and Humanity. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009060301090116.

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Biheri, Ghith, Ashrf Amoura, Khaled Elmaleh, and Abubaker Nouh. "A Field Study: Minimizing Gas Flaring Through Reuse to Produce Electricity and Petrochemical Products." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211867-ms.

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Abstract A novel strategy has been implemented in Libyan oil companies to eliminate the environmental impact of gas flaring by utilizing the associated gas to produce electricity and petrochemical products. This strategy would have significant environmental and economic advantages. The primary purpose of the study is to investigate the scenarios that could further facilitate the reduction of natural gas pollution in one of the Libyan oil companies caused by flaring and its utilization in power stations. More than 27% of the associated gas is flared daily in Libya due to an inability to monetize or store the associated gas. However, a new technique uses the flared gas to produce energy at a power station located approximately 30 miles from the oil fields. This power station has four units with a total capacity of 640 megawatts. In recent years, the power station was operated using crude oil, despite it having been designed to be operated by gas as well. It was found that it would cost much less to produce the electricity if natural gas were used instead of crude oil. The evaluation demonstrated that switching from flaring the gas to reusing it to generate energy or create petrochemical products has significant environmental benefits. These benefits include a reduction in released toxic components and air pollution, which limits contribution to climate change and reduces health hazards, particularly in residential areas near the oil fields. In addition, this method of reusing flared gas exhibits some economic benefits, such as the ability to manufacture electricity from natural gas rather than costly crude oil. In addition, the associated gas can be used to optimize supply of products such as methanol, ethylene, and ammonia. This research seeks to discuss and develop efficient and effective solutions to avoid flaring associated gas, which is considered a waste of valuable natural resources, and reuse it in order to maintain a clean environment and provide economic benefits by using the associated gas to produce electricity and supply it to various petrochemical businesses.
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Rajab, Zakariya, Ashraf Khalil, Moneer Amhamed, and Ali Asheibi. "Economic feasibility of solar powered street lighting system in Libya." In 2017 8th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2017.7926027.

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Rajab, Zakariya, Mohammad Zuhier, Ashraf Khalil, and Abdulhafed S. El-Faitouri. "Techno-economic feasibility study of Solar Water Heating system in Libya." In 2017 8th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2017.7926018.

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Almnfi, Mohamed, and Li-hua Yang. "The Impact of Political Relation on Economic Development between Libya and China." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Social Science and Contemporary Humanity Development. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sschd-16.2016.105.

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Ballı, Esra, and Gülçin Güreşçi Pehlivan. "Economic Effects of European Neighborhood Policy on Countries." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c04.00777.

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After the fifth enlargement of European Union in 2004 and with the expansion of European Unions borders and new neighbors, it became one of the important policies to provide security, stability and prosperity, and develop relationship between neighborhood countries. Although, enlargement process provide some opportunities to the member states of European Union, it brings about some difficulties. The differences at the life standards, environment, public health, prevention and combating organized crime between European Union and neighbor countries caused to create new policies. European Neighborhood Policy was launched in 2004, and consists of 16 countries, namely: Israel, Jordan, Moldova, Morocco, The Palestinian Authority, Tunisia, Ukraine, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Georgia, Lebanon, Algeria, Syria, Libya and Belarus. European Union and the partner country sign the Partnership and Cooperation Agreements or Association Agreements, and then the Agreement Action Plans are mutually adapted. Action Plans include privileged relationship, mutual commitment to common values, democracy and human rights, legal and market economy principles, good governance, sustainable development, energy and transportation policies. Within the framework of European Neighborhood Policy, the main aim is to arrange the relationship between the neighbors of European Union. In this study, economic effects of the European Neighborhood Policy will be examined for the relevant countries.
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Motta, R. d., L. Q. Caldas, and N. B. Amaral. "Economic Viability of E&P Projects under Production Sharing Agreement: Libra field Case Study in Presalt." In OTC Brasil. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/26190-ms.

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Samba, Mohammed A., Hafsa A. Hassan, Mahjouba S. Munayr, Moataz Yusef, Abdelkareem Eschweido, Hamed Burkan, and Mahmoud O. Elsharafi. "Nanoparticles EOR Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) Used As a Spontaneous Imbibition Test for Sandstone Core." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10283.

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Abstract There are three types of oil production energy operations, primary recovery, secondary recovery and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR consider as the last period for production operations. Where the EOR classify into many types such as thermal injection, gas injection, microbial EOR and chemical flooding. Chemical flooding classified into many types such as polymer, surfactant, alkaline and nanoparticles (NP). NP can be classified into many types such as Iron Oxide (Fe2O3), Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) and Magnesium Oxide (MgO) etc. In this study NP Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were used to enhance the oil recovery. The main objective of this study is to use the Nanoparticles EOR (Al2O3) and know it is effect on increasing the extraction of oil from cores. The big motivation of using Al2O3 that it is easy to extract it from raw clay. However, the raw clay is available in Libya and using it will be more economic than using other method of chemical EOR. Nanoparticles EOR Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) used as a spontaneous imbibition test for sandstone core samples after saturated by crude oil. A spontaneous imbibition test consisting of two scenarios of nanoparticle solution (Al2O3) with change temperature and compared with one scenario of distilled water. The spontaneous imbibition test was performed in this study at room temperature to oven temperature (30C°, 40C°, 50C°, 60C°, 70C°). The results shown that the oil recovery increases with the increase of the concentration of nanoparticle (Al2O3) and increase the temperature. The higher oil recovery was 76.04% at NP (Al2O3) concentration 1%. Finally, oil swelling and adsorption (NP (Al2O3) with oil drops) have been noticed during the extraction of oil. Thus, the gravity force will be higher than the capillary force.
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