Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Libyan banks and financial institutions'
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Mnea, Mustafa Elbasher. "Disclosure in the financial statement of banks : International Accounting Standard No.30 and the Libyan banks." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2009. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5945/.
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Gait, Alsadek Hesain Abdelsalam, and na. "Libyan Attitudes towards Islamic Methods of Finance: An Empirical Analysis of Retail Consumers, Business Firms and Banks." Griffith University. Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, 2009. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20100615.104528.
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Libya is a predominately Muslim country where Islamic finance has not yet been established. However, given the current extensive program of financial reform in Libya and the rapid growth and appeal of Islamic finance in comparable economies, there is growing pressure for a system of Islamic finance to be provided. There is then a pressing need for research into the prospects for Islamic finance from a consumer and provider perceptive to inform this debate and thereby meet the needs of policymakers, financial service providers and prospective users. Accordingly, this study of Libyan attitudes towards Islamic methods of finance, the first study attempted in the Libyan context and one of few studies globally, applies a model derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action to analyse attitudes towards Islamic finance. The particular focus is to understand how the Theory of Reasoned Action can be used for predicting and understanding attitudes towards the potential use of Islamic methods of finance by Libyan retail consumers, business firms and banks. Four main research questions are posed to address this objective. First, does awareness of Islamic methods of finance influence attitudes towards the use of Islamic finance? Second, do socioeconomic, demographic and other factors influence attitudes towards Islamic finance? Third, what are the principal motivating factors towards the potential use of Islamic finance? Finally, is religion the major influence on the likelihood of engaging in Islamic finance? Three surveys of 385 retail consumers, 296 business firms and 134 bank managers in Libya are conducted in 2007/08 to achieve this objective. Descriptive analysis and multivariate statistical analysis (including factor analysis, discriminant analysis and binary logistic regressions) are used to analyse the data. The principal findings are that awareness of Islamic methods of finance and socioeconomic, demographic and business characteristics are key determinants of the likelihood of the use of Islamic finance. Further, religion plays a key, though not the only, role in influencing these attitudes. The thesis findings are of key importance in informing future financial industry practice and financial policy formation in Libya.
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Deacle, Robert. "Three Essays on Financial Institutions and Real Estate." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/154269.
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EconomicsPh.D.
This dissertation examines several aspects of U.S. financial institutions’ real estate-related activity. The first two essays examine the impact of Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) membership and funding on bank and thrift holding company (BHC and THC) risk and returns. The first essay uses risk measures derived from BHC and THC stock prices, while the second essay uses risk measures based upon BHC and THC bond prices. The third essay studies the impact of BHC investment in real estate on risk and returns using measures based on stock prices. In the first essay, BHC and THC stock portfolios are formed along several dimensions. Bivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models are estimated to produce measures of total risk, market risk, and interest rate risk for the time period from the beginning of 2001 through 2009. Two sets of results related to FHLB activity are obtained. First, FHLB membership is found to be associated with lower total risk and market risk while having no association with interest rate risk. Second, and similarly, greater reliance on FHLB advances is associated with lower total risk and market risk but is not associated with interest rate risk. These results are consistent with the view that the risks created by government backing of the FHLB system and some of the system’s policies are mitigated by FHLB policies and products that reduce risk. In addition, THC stocks are found to have lower total and market risk than the portfolio of BHC stocks. The second essay investigates the relationship of both FHLB membership and funding with BHC and THC risk by using the cost of uninsured debt as a measure of risk. These relationships are analyzed in a simultaneous equation regression framework using data from the start of the third quarter of 2002 through the end of the first quarter of 2009. The cost of uninsured debt is proxied by yield spreads calculated from trading data on holding company (HC) bonds. Several interesting results are obtained. Reliance on advances is found to have a negative effect on the cost of debt throughout the sample period (the third quarter of 2002 through the first quarter of 2009). Cost of debt has a significant effect on the level of advances only during the recent financial crisis (the third quarter of 2007 through the first quarter of 2009), when the effect is negative. The negative association between cost of debt and the level of advances suggests that BHCs and THCs, on the whole, do not use FHLB advances to make unusually risky loans and supports the argument that FHLB policies and services have some risk-reducing effects. FHLB membership, independent of advances, is found to have no influence on HC cost of debt. Additional analysis indicates that THC status is associated with higher cost of debt than BHC status. The third essay examines the influence of real estate investment by BHCs from the third quarter of 1990 through the fourth quarter of 2010 on their risks and returns. Portfolios are formed of BHC stocks according to BHCs’ ratio of real estate investment to total assets and according to the type of regulation - lenient or strict - under which they invest in real estate. Tests of differences in median portfolio returns between these portfolios are performed. In addition, the effects of real estate investment on risk and return are estimated using univariate GARCH models of portfolio returns. The main results are as follows: 1) BHCs that invest in real estate have greater total risk and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that do not; 2) greater real estate investment is associated with lower returns and greater market risk for some types of BHCs while it is not associated with significant differences in total risk or risk-adjusted returns; and 3) BHCs that invest in real estate under relatively lenient rules have lower returns, greater total risk, and lower risk-adjusted returns than those that invest in real estate under relatively strict rules. The results indicate that benefits from real estate investment by banks - such as diversification of cash flows, economies of scale and scope, and increased charter value - are outweighed by greater variability of returns and lower returns due to BHCs’ lack of expertise in the field. The findings also provide evidence that rules granting banks greater freedom to invest in real estate result in increased risk but not increased returns.
Temple University--Theses
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Yoon, Il-Hyun. "The 1997 Korean financial crisis and the failure of financial institutions : evidence from merchant banks." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407602.
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Nimmanphatcharin, Nut-tapon, and nut_tapon@hotmail com. "Strategic management practices by selected Thai banks and financial organisations (database)." Swinburne University of Technology, 2002. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20050802.150105.
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In recent year, there has been virtually no research into the strategic management practices of the Thai financial services sector. The aims of this research is to explore the strategic management practices of the Thai financial services sector (both banking companies and non-banking companies), and also seeks to identify whether there are differences in the strategic management practices on the basis of size, business type, and ownership respectively. The findings from this research will provide a benchmark against which further research into strategic management in Thailand can be undertaken. The Thai economic crisis (approximately 1997 to 1999) has impacted very strongly on the Thai financial services sector, as evidenced by the reduction in the number of companies and the dramatic increase in non-performing loans. It is against this background, that this research investigates the strategic management practices (including the general environments, the immediate environments, the internal environments, the corporate strategies, and the planning and planning system) of the Thai financial services companies to gain an understanding of their strategic management practices (year 2000) and the changes to their strategic management practices. This research also examined the impact of both internal environmental factors and external environmental factors on the strategic management practices of the Thai financial services companies. The process for this research was based on a through literature review, an analysis of the industry, the development of a conceptual framework (building on prion research overseas), and the development of a survey approach based on personal interviews with carefully selected respondents. This research has selected all the companies in the Thai financial services sector (13 domestic banks, 5 major government banks, 33 foreign bank�s branches, 33 finance and securities companies, and 10 credit foncier companies) who survived the economic crisis in Thailand. In total of the 99 approached to participate companies, 71 (72%) Thai financial services companies participated in the survey, consisting of 26 finance and securities companies, 18 foreign bank�s branches, 13 domestic banks, 9 credit foncier companies, and 5 major government banks. In respect to the data analysis, both qualitative and quantitative methods were utilised in this study, using both univariate and multivariate techniques. Of the 71 companies who participated in this research, 80% (N=57) had a formalised strategic planning (FSP) system, which presented 94% of large companies, 100% of medium sized companies, which was 97% of banking companies and 63% of non-banking companies. Whereas, 72% of the small companies has no formalised strategic planning (NFSP) system which was 100% of credit foncier companies and 15% of finance and securities companies. This research also shows that only 6% of foreign majority ownership companies and 32% of Thai majority ownership companies in the Thai financial services sector did not have FSP system. Of the NFSP companies, 50% would implement a FSP system over the next five years. These findings show that the Thai financial services companies have adopted a fairly traditional approach to strategic management and rely heavily on formalised strategic planning system. For these reasons, the major focus of the analysis of this research is on the FSP companies. Of the FSP companies, define their strategic management as the process of sharing the organisational structure, the company�s resources, the company�s culture and managerial style, the company�s long-term goals, the company�s mission statement, the company�s strategies, the company�s planning, and the external environmental factors to build a market position strong enough and an organisational capable enough to achieve successful performance despite unforeseeable events, potent competition, and internal problems. This research shows that there are significant differences in the organisational structure, process, and system either for size, business type, and ownership aspects. Overall, the large companies that comprised most of the domestic banking companies with Thai majority ownership and the foreign bank�s branches believe they were more likely to be strategically managed through their structures, processes and systems than the other groups of FSP companies. The findings in this thesis shows that these banking companies identified a much clearer managing of planning and planning system which including corporate plans, second level long-term plans, planning�s objectives, planning�s roles, planning�s processes, planning�s coordination issues, planning�s structures than the other group of FSP companies. In contrast, of the NFSP companies, the strategic issues and strategies emerged from the vision of the CEO, whereas did not appear to have roles, objectives, etc. for their strategic issues identification and strategy development process, anywhere as clearly as the FSP companies identified for their planning. The evidence from this research shows that the FSP companies were more likely to consider they were strategically managed than the NFSP companies. This research has identified a schematic representation of the strategic management practices of the companies with a FSP system and a NFSP system. The results of this research enables a better understanding of the strategic management practices of the Thai financial services sector. Also, prospective researchers can use data and the conceptual model generated from this research to further develop the theories of strategic management and to explore whether meaningful differences occur between strategic management practices of other Thai industries and the Thai financial services sector. This research as the first significant study of strategic management practices for the Thai financial services sector, provides an important benchmark for future research e.g. strategic management practices of the Thai financial services companies in the next five years, how the Thai financial services companies seek to recover from the major economic crisis etc. Both further research and replication of this research would enhance a meaningful understanding of strategic management practices.
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Mawocha, Tineyi Emmanuel. "The disintermediation of commercial banks by non-bank financial institutions in Swaziland." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/985.
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Thesis (MDF (Development Finance))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research is influenced by and starts from the work carried out by the IMF in Swaziland, wherein they comment about the significant growth in the use of savings and credit co-operatives compared with that of commercial banks. They also report the lack of growth of the financial sector resulting in sluggish economic growth. This report sets out to establish through a survey, the attitude of the Swazi public towards commercial banks, and to establish if indeed there is a deliberate move away from commercial banks to non-bank financial institutions in general. In the process the reasons for migrating from commercial banks are established. In addition, the ultimate use of funds borrowed in general, is also investigated. Specifically for those people who use non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), the research further probes the uses of such funds, and whether or not such funds are likely to affect economic growth. The survey is augmented by results from questionnaires responded to by selected microfinance institutions (MFIs) as a means of cross-checking and validating results obtained from the public survey. Findings are that in Swaziland, while the growth of savings and credit co-operatives (SACCOs) is acknowledged, there does appear to be a tendency to still use commercial banks by the economically active population. Borrowing tends to be for school fees, followed by the purchase of building materials for constructing rural homes on ancestral land, as well as for personal use and business activities. It also appears that the majority of users of financial intermediaries are civil servants, which comes as no surprise as government is the largest employer. The conclusion is that Swaziland’s problems with sluggish economic growth appear to be from more than a shallow financial sector, but a myriad of other reasons that have not been explored in this study.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing is gebaseer op die uitkoms van die werk uitgevoer deur die Internasionale Monetêre Fonds (IMF) as vertrekpunt, waarin hulle meer beduidende groei in die gebruik van spaar en krediet-kooperatiewe gevind het in vergelyking met die trae groei in die gebruik van kommersiële banke. In dieselfde verslag haal hulle ook aan dat die gebrek aan voldoende groei in die finansiële sektor onderliggend is aan die stadige ekonomiese groei. Hierdie verslag bepaal deur middel van ‘n opname, die gesindheid van die Swazi-publiek teenoor kommersiële banke om vas te stel of daar ‘n opsetlike voorkeur vir nie-finansiële instellings is, bo kommersiële banke. Die studie ondersoek ook die spesifieke gebruik en toepassing van fondse verkry vanaf nie-finansiële kooperatiewe en of die gebruik daarvan ‘n negatiewe impak op ekonomiese groei het. Die uitkoms van hierdie ondersoek word bevestig deur die bevindinge van vraelyste wat deur geselekteerde mikro-finansiële instellings voltooi is, te vergelyk met die bevindinge van publieke opnames. Die bevindinge vir Swaziland is dat alhoewel daar groei is in die spaar-en krediet-kooperatiewe, daar steeds ‘n tendens onder die ekonomies aktiewe populasie is om gebruik te maak van kommersiële banke. Lenings word hoofsaaklik gebruik vir die befondsing van skoolgelde, daarnaas vir die aankoop van boumateriaal vir die konstruksie van landelike huise in voorvaderlike gebiede wat deur stamleiers toegeken word, sowel as vir persoonlike gebruik en besigheidsfinansiering. Dit wil ook voorkom asof die meerderheid van die leners staatsamptenare is. Dit is te verwagte, aangesien die regering die grootste werkgewer is. Die gevolgtrekking van die ondersoek is dat Swaziland se trae ekonomiese groei meer onderliggende beperkende oorsake het as bloot net die oppervlakkige uitwerking van die (kommersiële) finansiële sektor. Hierdie onderliggende redes word nie verder ondersoek as deel van hierdie studie nie.
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Kalema-Byagagaire, Veronica. "The management and changing uses of credit by selected banks in the former Soviet Union during the years 1991-1996." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299062.
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Lenzer, Jr James Hans. "From path creation to path dependence in international financial centre development : the emergence of the entrepreneurial financial firm." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/197521.
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International financial centre (IFC) development is a hot topic in today’s global arena at the political state level and within academic circles as they can have a significant impact on national, regional and local economies. A critical review of the literature on this topic reveals that not much scholarly attention has been directed towards how IFCs develop from within, more specifically how local entrepreneurial activity contributes to the advancement and evolution of an IFC. In addition, a number of different theories such as path dependence and the concept of social networks have been used as alternative frameworks to explain the phenomena of spatial agglomeration in international financial centres (IFCs); however, these theories haven’t either been properly constructed in a geographical context, empirically applied in a convincing manner or been further investigated using different methodological frameworks.
Through the lens of the entrepreneurial hedge fund (EHF) firm and by incorporating a multiple methodological approach (quantitative, descriptive and spatial analysis); this research investigates four separate empirical lines of inquiry in regard to either the firm, its proprietor or the IFC that focuses on micro characteristics, spatial characteristics, the general business arena and development mechanisms.
The major empirical findings are that the EHF firm can be classified as small and large based on a number of different factors; while the proprietor is a well educated individual who was previously employed as a high level manager of a large multinational corporation and has previous career ties to the investment banking and traditional fund management sectors. EHF firms agglomerate in IFCs with the most intense clustering occurring within close proximity to the nucleus of the main financial district and other agglomeration patterns are evident. Categorically, government and regulatory factors and people factors are considered as the most important competiveness factors of an IFC. When compared as a whole with previously conducted studies, the findings were found to be statistically indifferent; however, at the individual factor level there are distinct differences. The factors that trigger entrepreneurial behavior are endogenous in nature and the top barriers encountered were customer related followed by employee recruitment and regulatory issues. Finally, human agency and social networks are an integral part of the entrepreneurial process and can be categorized into five separate groups with professional and associate considered to be the most important.
This study makes three theoretical contributions on developmental aspects of IFCs. First, a spatial agglomeration model is proposed based on areal differentiation that is derived from the established and changing patterns in the human landscape and its institutions. Second, the theory of path creation is introduced along with social network interaction to account for the genesis of new financial firms at a micro level and a ‘path as processes’ model that incorporates ‘place dependence—path creation—path dependence’ as an economic process is proposed to illustrate the development of the alternative asset management sector which ultimately contributes to the advancement and evolution of an IFC in the defined study area.published_or_final_version
Geography
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Afuni, Manir. "Higher management intervention in the decision making of loans approval in banks and financial institutions /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16128.pdf.
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Chew, Tong-Gunn. "Incentives for voluntary disclosures of derivative financial instruments by financial institutions in Singapore." Monash University, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5301.
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Jibriel, Mohammed Gaali. "The application of corporate and Sharī'ah governance in Islamic financial institutions : a case study from Malaysia." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=231780.
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Islamic finance has extended the debates on corporate governance beyond the traditional stockholder-stakeholder models to a Sharī'ah governance (SG) perspectives. Sharī'ah governance issues dominate the agenda of Sharī'ah compliance in institutions offering Islamic financial services. These institutions profess to apply principles and precepts of the Sharī'ah to ensure equitable satisfaction of stakeholder interest in their products and services, beyond maximisation of shareholder value. As subset of the opaque industry of banking and finance, Islamic banks and financial institutions shroud their SG practices in secrecy. Extant academic research on SG has mainly applied surveys using traditional deductive models of explanation, based on statistical generalizations, to examine the state of SG practices and the disclosure of Sharī'ah committee reports and Sharī'ah concepts in annual reports and websites. There is a dearth of literature on the Sharī'ah governance process itself. Meanwhile, various governments and jurisdictions have approached the issue of SG in diverse ways, ranging from lukewarm attitudes SG to regulatory-based SG. To date, countries are classified in terms of their approach to SG from regulatory perspectives into five: a 'passive approach', a 'minimalist approach', a 'reactive approach', an 'interventionist approach' and a 'proactive approach'. Malaysia applies the proactive approach to SG, where the regulator institutes a comprehensive SG framework to strengthen Sharī'ah compliance in Islamic financial Institutions (IFIs). The common law country also operates a dual banking system - conventional and Islamic. And it is considered to have the most advanced and conducive legislative and infrastructural environment for Islamic finance globally. This thesis attempts to contribute to our understanding of SG within the broader framework of corporate governance in IFIs. The thesis explores the relationship between corporate and Sharī'ah governance and product operations of a bank in Malaysia that adopts a unique approach to providing Islamic and conventional banking products and services concurrently, known as the Dual Banking Leveraged Model (DBLM). With this model, the Islamic franchise leverages on the infrastructure and human resources of the holding company to operate an Islamic banking business. Given the dearth of literature on this model, the study draws on Scapens' (1990) version of holistic case study and Dubois and Gadde's (2002) 'Systematic combining: an abductive approach to case study research', to conduct an in-depth case study using multiple sources: observation, information from websites, annual reports, financial statements, and primary data via interviews with different stakeholders of the bank (the board, Sharī'ah committee, management and staff) to gather evidence on the application of corporate and Sharī'ah governance in the operations of CIMB Islamic.
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Hodder, Leslie Davis. "Reliability and relevance of market risk disclosures by commercial banks." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3034549.
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Nsengiyumva, Justin. "The impact of government ownership of banks, foreign capital inflows and institutions on financial development." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/36704.
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This thesis consists of three empirical and one theoretical essays on three determinants of financial development (FD) namely government ownership of banks, foreign capital inflows (FCI) and institutional quality. Some research has concluded that government ownership of banks negatively affects their soundness. Bretton Wood institutions have used these conclusions to advocate for state-owned banks privatization. The first essay shows that this research was weak in the way it controlled for fundamental determinants of soundness of banks, and lacked rigorous econometric analysis. With data covering 2001-2011, we show that if there is any relationship between government ownership of banks and their subsequent soundness, it is positive. These results are robust to various measures of FD, institutional quality and econometric approaches. The second essay presents a theoretical model predicting a negative relationship between Official Development Assistance (ODA) and FD when political institutions are weak. The third essay empirically investigates the hypothesis that the effects of ODA on FD are influenced by the level of democracy in recipient countries. Using a panel data for 37 developing countries covering 1980-2005, we apply different econometric approaches (pooled OLS, IV2SLS, fixed effects and dynamic GMM) to show that while ODA is harmful to FD in autocracies it could be effective in democracies. These results are robust to various measures of FD and democracy. The fourth essay is an empirical investigation of the hypothesis that different types of FCIs have different impacts on credit availability in developing countries. Using 5-year average data for 53 developing countries covering 1990-2013 and disaggregating FCIs into their main five types, we apply OLS, fixed effects, and dynamic GMM to show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between FDI, debt and equity and private credit while remittances and ODA are not significant determinants of private credit in developing countries.
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Pellegrini, Francesco. "Empirical analysis of the lending decisions of Chinese formal financial institutions in rural areas." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9612.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsThis empirical research is aimed to analyze the development of microfinance principles in the lending decisions of the two Chinese formal rural institutions, namely the commercial banks and credit cooperatives. For this reason, it is tested if loan purposes are oriented towards social goals, and if the guarantee requirements for the farmers are too strict. The regression results show that this implementation is only partial. Farmers have to provide too strong guarantees that they cannot afford, and this does not allow the great majority of them to get access to the credit.
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Khan, Tahreem Noor. "A study of customers' perception and attitude to Islamic banking : products, services, staff, shari'ah board and marketing in five countries : Pakistan, Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, UAE and UK." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=179557.
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Islamic banking emerged rapidly to fulfil the financial needs of Muslim consumers, by using different viable modes of Islamic financing. These tools of financing were designed to avoid risk-free return, unjustified increase of money on money (ribii.) and uncertainty (gharar). To offer Islamic finance products and services, the number of full-fledged Islamic bank branches has increased since 1985. The industry then further expanded with the entrance of local and international conventional banks, which advertised their Islamic banking products heavily. At the present time of heightened competition, it has become more difficult for Islamic banks to differentiate themselves in terms of providing products and services. By understanding customers' attitudes, it might be possible to differentiate their banking products and services. Therefore this research investigated the level of satisfaction and overall attitudes of respondents, both Islamic and conventional bank users, of different nationalities and aged between 30-40, living in Pakistan, UK, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. Through an online survey regarding Islamic banking objectives, products, services, staff, Shari 'ah board and marketing, 385 responses were collected and analysed using the techniques of means and percentages. SPSS and Excel were used to produce bar charts and tables. Another distinctive aspect of this research was that it analysed product advertisements of Islamic banks (full-fledged and local/international banks) on websites based in Pakistan, UK, UAE, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia, in order to understand the differences and similarities with regard to website structures, content information, colour, marketed web products and targeted audiences. By investigating these factors, this research provided practical suggestions to design effective webpages or promotional messages to educate and inform customers of the distinction between the Islamic banking products and services that have emerged as a result of increasing competition in this market. Based on both quantitative and qualitative methods, the result of this research suggested Islamic banks should focus on the components of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) to achieve strategic competitive advantages. The research findings-suggested that Islamic banks should gather sufficient customer related information from all banking channels and utilise it accurately to reconnect with customers by offering innovative products, re- establish lost connections with existing customers, build relationships with new customers, reconstruct a trustworthy image and revise marketing approaches. Most importantly, these banks should refocus on incorporating the Islamic elements of gharar- (uncertainty) and r ib d- (usury) free operational processes. This research strongly asserted that verbal authenticity by Islamic banks and a reliance on highly-camouflaged conventional banking products alone cannot build customer trust. To regain trust, and to acquire a greater market share in the competitive financial sector, Islamic banks' staff and Shari 'ah scholars need to imply sincere motivation, truthful intention, and dynamic, personalised and practical CRM approaches to uplift the Islamic financial brand and to fulfil its promises.
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Shirota, Ricardo. "Efficiency in Financial Intermediation: A Study of The Chilean Banking Industry /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38193785.html.
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Kimei, Charles Stephen. "Tanzania's financial experience in the post-war period." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18190549.html.
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Van, Blerck Timothy George. "The relationship between executive remuneration at financial institutions and economic value added." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23060.
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The research will compare the alignment of the remuneration between United States and South African banks with respect to the Economic Value Added, a measure of a firm's economic profit that adjusts profit by subtracting the cost of capital.South African banks have been widely recognised for their high standard of corporate governance and stability during the financial crisis. Executive remuneration based on short-term equity has been recognised by both academic literature as well as bank regulators as one of the causes of the financial crisis. The research seeks to understand the differences in remuneration alignment between the failed and surviving banks.Misaligned incentives within the United States banks are accepted by both academics and regulators as one of the causes of the 2008 financial crisis and subsequent economic downturn. This research puts this theory to the test by comparing the alignment of executive remuneration between South African banks that were internationally recognised for successfully navigating the financial crisis, and the largest United States banks, of which three failed catastrophically over the same time period.The remuneration for the largest United States and South African banks is tested for correlation against Economic Value Added (EVA®), share price and return on equity. Correlation between executive remuneration and the constructs is tested between the two countries before as well as after the financial crisis.South African bank executive remuneration correlated strongly with EVA® and this correlation strengthened after the financial crisis. In comparison, the United States sample banks exhibited strong correlation between share price and remuneration before the financial crisis. The failed United States banks had no correlations between executive remuneration any of the constructs, a pattern that has been repeated in the United States Banks that have survived the financial crisis.Practically, the research demonstrated the vast differences in executive remuneration alignment between the United States and South Africa. In South African banks, executive remuneration is far more closely aligned to EVA®, whereas the United States banks only correlated with share price before the financial crisis, raising the question of whether managers are able to exert excessive power. The research demonstrates the magnitude of the gap between the recommendations of regulators and remuneration policies, with South African banks far more closely aligned than their United States counterparts.The research findings concur with theory presented in literature that misaligned incentives based on equity contributed towards the financial crisis. Of particular concern is the change in remuneration correlation after the financial crisis, where South African banks increased correlation with EVA® while United States banks no longer correlated with EVA®, ROE or share price.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Sikazwe, Chanza Kephas. "Is the corporate governance law applicable to Zambian banks and financial institutions adequately promoting good corporate governance?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9156.
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Includes bibliographical references.Good corporate governance has been hailed as an important factor for the growth of sustainable economic development by enhancing the development of companies and increasing their access to outside capital. Furthermore, for emerging markets like Zambia, improving corporate governance can serve a number of important public policy objectives. Good corporate governance reduces emerging markets vulnerability to financial crisis, reinforces property rights, reduces transaction costs and the cost of capital and leads to capital market development. Since Banks are primarily companies, they also fall within the preserve of corporate governance.
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Cruz, Bleise Rafael da. "A prática da controladoria nos maiores bancos que operam no Brasil à luz de uma estrutura conceitual básica de controladoria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-04112009-230522/.
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A melhoria de processos e práticas de gestão tornou-se essencial aos bancos que operam no Brasil, em presença da rápida evolução das atividades econômicas e do mercado de crédito. Diante disso, a Controlaria, bem como as informações por ela disponibilizadas, ganha mais espaço e importância nas instituições financeiras. Nesse sentido, este trabalho teve como principal objetivo verificar se, e em que medida, as práticas de Controladoria dos maiores bancos que operam no Brasil se refletem em uma Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria (ECBC). Dessa forma, realizou-se uma revisão da ECBC proposta por Borinelli (2006), com uma complementação das funções e atribuições da Controladoria voltadas para instituições financeiras, de acordo com literatura específica sobre esse assunto. Também foi realizada uma pesquisa empírica, a qual se utilizou de entrevistas e questionários, para investigar a aplicação da teoria na prática de Controladoria dos maiores bancos que operam no Brasil, bem como uma análise da aderência dessas práticas à ECBC. No que diz respeito aos achados deste trabalho, quanto às funções gerais da Controladoria atribuídas pela ECBC, verificou-se que as funções de Contabilidade Societária, Contabilidade Fiscal, Gestão das Informações e Atendimento a Usuários Externos, são funções típicas da área de Controladoria nos bancos pesquisados, o que está aderente às recomendações feitas pela ECBC. Entretanto, as funções de Riscos, Controles Internos e Finanças não foram apresentadas pelos bancos pesquisados como desempenhadas pela área de Controladoria, sendo essas inconsistentes com a sistematização da ECBC. Além das funções gerais, este trabalho, igualmente, investigou o papel da Controladoria em processos específicos nas instituições financeiras. As respostas obtidas mostraram que, para os processos de Orçamento, Mensuração, Análise e Controle de Custos, bem como no Planejamento Tributário, a Controladoria é considerada como a área responsável ou coordenadora. Porém, para os processos de Planejamento Estratégico, Análises de Ambientes e Viabilidades, Avaliação de Desempenho e Controle de Riscos, a Controladoria não é considerada como responsável ou coordenadora desses processos e, em muitos casos, apenas fornece apoio/suporte informacional, não aderindo à ECBC. Não obstante, optou-se, ainda, por estratificar os dados obtidos entre diferentes grupos de instituições, o que permitiu realizar uma comparação da prática de Controladoria entre os grupos distintos. O que se encontrou, nessas estratificações, foi que a prática de Controladoria de alguns grupos parece ser mais aderente aos elementos que integram a ECBC, do que em outros grupos, sem que, entretanto, algum grupo pudesse refletir, completamente, esses elementos na prática. Por fim, conclui-se que os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que as práticas de Controladoria dos maiores bancos que operam no Brasil refletem, parcialmente, os elementos que integram uma Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria.Improving management practices and processes has become an essential need for banks operating in Brazil, due to the fast-paced evolution of the economic activities and the credit market. In this context, Controllership, as well as the information it provides, has gained increased importance and prominence within financial institutions. In this sense, the main goal of this paper is to verify if and to what extent Controllership practices adopted by major banks in Brazil reflect a Basic Conceptual Structure of Controllership (Estrutura Conceitual Básica de Controladoria - ECBC). To that end, a revision of the ECBC proposed by Borinelli (2006) was carried out, including Controllership functions and duties aimed at financial institutions, as per the specific literature on this topic. An empirical research was also conducted through interviews and questionnaires in order to investigate and analyze how Controllership practices in major banks with operations in Brazil reflect the theory and adhere to the ECBC. The findings of this paper regarding general Controllership functions laid out by the ECBC reveal that Corporate Accounting, Tax Accounting, Information Management and External User Service are typical activities for the Controllership area in the banks investigated, which complies with the ECBC recommendations. On the other hand, functions regarding Risks, Internal Controls and Finances were found not to integrate the activities performed by the Controllership area in the banks investigated, which is inconsistent with the concepts systematized under the ECBC. In addition to the general functions, this paper also investigates the role Controllership plays in specific processes within financial institutions. The answers given reveal that Controllership is considered to be the area that leads and coordinates processes as Budgeting, Measurement, Costs Analysis and Control, as well as Tax Planning. However, Controllership is not considered to be the area that leads and coordinates processes regarding Strategic Planning, Environment and Viability Analyses, Performance Assessment and Risk Control, simply providing information support in many cases and thereby not adhering to the ECBC. Furthermore, there was an attempt to stratify the data obtained into different groups of institutions, which enabled a comparison of the Controllership practices across the groups. These categories showed that the Controllership practices of some groups seem to be more consistent with the ECBC elements than others, which does not indicate that any group could fully reflect these elements in practice. Finally, the results support the conclusion that Controllership practices in major banks operating in Brazil partially reflect the elements that comprise the Basic Conceptual Structure of Controllership.
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boujlil, rhada. "Financial Regulation, Banking, and Sovereign Debt." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2019. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2588.
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The dissertation consists of two essays. In the first essay we study the efficiency of banks during the period of (2000-2017) that witnessed a fierce financial crisis in the light of the regulatory acts enacted in response to the crisis (Basel III 2010). We investigate the combined impact of compliance with Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital, common equity Tier 1, and leverage requirements on bank operating efficiency. We measure operational efficiency of 68 insured, U.S. federally and state-chartered, commercial banks, with consolidated assets of $15 billion or more, over a sampling period of 18 years. We seek to identify whether different dimensions of bank regulation are efficient in stabilizing US financial system by improving efficiency of large commercial banks; whether they impede bank efficiency by limiting its risk-taking endeavors and tightening its capital usage; or whether no impact on efficiency exists altogether. We build an empirical model measuring the impact of capital and leverage regulation and credit risk on banks’ operational efficiency. Empirical findings show a positive and statistically significant impact of capital adequacy on operating efficiency of large U.S. commercial banks, with common equity Tier 1 having more power in determining efficiency. Leverage requirements and net charge-offs are also found to be significant determinants that promote bank operating efficiency. In the second essay we investigate determinants for government’s choice of sovereign Sukuk over conventional bonds. Using a sample of 143 sovereign Sukuk and 602 sovereign conventional bonds issued in 16 OIC countries during (2000-2015), we analyze factors affecting the government's choice of employing sovereign Sukuk structure as substitute to sovereign bonds instruments. Results suggest that countries having developed financial markets, higher credit quality, and strong economic and financial prospects are more likely to issue sovereign Sukuk rather than sovereign bonds, mainly as a strategy to diversify and develop their current debt markets by introducing newly-developed debt tools. However, countries with weaker economic and financial indicators are more likely to opt for the classic sovereign bonds. We conclude that government’s choice of sovereign debt is mainly determined by a country’s financial characteristics, macroeconomic indicators and certain specific events.
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Chan, Wing-yi. "The smart card technology in the financial services /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19877183.
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Waugh, Geoffrey William. "A study exploring the relationship between employee happiness and financial performance within a South African financial institution." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012080.
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This research is an investigation of the relationship between employees 'happiness' and the financial performance of a financial services organisation in South Africa. As a component of the financial services industry the banking sector contributes greatly to the economic growth of the country. The South African Banking sector is concentrated and highly competitive. It is vital for banks to maintain competitiveness and ever increasing global competition adds further pressure on organisations to financially perform so as to meet the demands of their shareholders. The literature that has been reviewed and previous research suggest that employee 'happiness' is a vital variable influencing the performance and success of individuals. Organisational performance will be measured in terms of financial performance for the purposes of this research. The concept of financial performance and 'happiness' are discussed and a questionnaire based on the Satisfaction With Life Scale (Diener et al,1985) is used to determine the levels of 'happiness' at selected branches within the institution. The individual branches financial performance is determined via calculating selected ratios, namely cumulative leverage, cost to income ratio and net yield. An analysis of correlation was conducted to establish whether or not a relationship of statistical significance exists between employee 'happiness' and financial performance. It was concluded that there is no relationship of statistical significance between employee 'happiness' and the financial performance of branches within the organisation, it was suggested that other factors exert a much greater influence over financial performance. Some of these factors influencing financial performance are discussed and recommendations for further research are made.
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Zhang, Lin VanHoose David D. "Could sub-debts of banks be potential tools for supervision? Empirical study with data set 1999-2007 /." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5183.
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Abuhmaira, Mustafa A. "The impact of 'AAOIFI' standards on the financial reporting of Islamic banks : evidence from Bahrain." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2006. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-impact-of-aaoifi-standards-on-the-financial-reporting-of-islamic-banks(74a141e5-cb69-45df-a843-fddeca8c71db).html.
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The last 30 years have witnessed the appearance and rapid expansion of Islamic financial institutions operating both inside and outside the Islamic world. Islamic financial organisations are now operating in Western countries such as the UK, the US as well as most Islamic countries. The establishment of Islamic banks strengthens the need for Islamic accounting. Adopting or even modifying conventional accounting concepts, however, is insufficient to develop an accounting system which provides information that will lead to behaviour consistent with Islamic norms and objectives (Hameed, 2002). The Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI) was established in 1990 as an independent organisation to adjust the financial reports of Islamic organisations to comply with Islamic Sharia'h requirement. By 2005, AAOIFI's membership consisted of 93 institutions spanning over 23 countries. This organisation has introduced a new system of business accounting by issuing Islamic accounting standards. AAOIFI have now issued 50 standards on accounting, auditing, governance, ethical and Sharia'h standards (Alchaar 2005). This study investigates and examines the extent of the application of the AAOIFI standards by Islamic banks in preparing their financial statements in Bahrain. Further, it explores whether the implementation of such standards provides relevant, reliable and sufficient information to the users of such information to assist them in decision-making. In addition, the awareness of the preparers of financial reports and progress in the quality of these financial reports has also been undertaken. Finally the thesis draws appropriate conclusion and following a critical reflection and recommends areas for further research.
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Gharib, Ireen, and Shkodran Murseli. "How the Swedish banks took over the financial system in the Baltic States : A study about what factors impacted the internationalization process of Swedish banks to the Baltic States." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-58777.
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The purpose of this thesis is to gain deeper knowledge on what factors impacted the internationalization process of Swedish banks. By distinguishing the factors the goal is to increase the understanding and awareness of the effect of these factors can have on foreign banks or financial institutions when internationalizing to a transition economy. To be able to create a wider perspective the study has been conducted through a qualitative method and an abductive research approach. We have been able to collect primary data by conducting interviews with the banks that have been a part of this multiple case study. In order to develop an understanding and to be able to fulfil our purpose with the thesis the main research question is formulated as follows: What factors have impacted the internationalization of Swedish banks to the Baltic market? The theoretical review includes previous research and theories related to internationalization, business environment and factors that can impact the internationalization process. The methodology chapter explains the approach, method and design we have used. The empirical data and the theoretical framework are discussed in order to find out what drove the banks to the internationalization. The analysis will describe how the banks have internationalized, why the banks chose one specific market in the beginning and the reason to why the internationalization occurred in the first place. The conclusion shows that the most important factor of the internationalization to the Baltic countries was because of the change in the governmental and economical structure. The factors that affect the choice of country is also significant, with the reason to see which country was most developed during the time the Swedish banks entered the market.
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Song, Tebek. "Differentiation strategies of Korean Deposit Money Banks to sustain a competitive advantage in the household savings market." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3531.
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Competition among financial institutions in Korean household savings market (HSM) has become severe. Deposit money banks (DMBs) which have occupied the main prop of the Korean financial system have entered turbulent times mainly due to the relaxation of financial regulations which artificially provide a stabilized market environment, as well as the out-performance of non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs). Also, Korean households are becoming better educated, more sophisticated and richer in line with the increase in wealth of the nation. The market share of DMBs in HSM has gradually declined, but that of NBFIs has continuously increased. Consequently, DMBs are required to do something in the market in order, at least, to survive. As the first step, they should have a clear picture of the external environments which can dictate or affect their operations, along with the full understanding of their internal capabilities. Based on the conditions of external environments and internal capabilities, DMBs have to choose one of the 5Ds (ie. disinvestment, de-escalation, do-nothing, development or diversification) as their strategic direction in the market they serve. However, no matter which strategic direction DMBs choose, they are required to differentiate themselves from their competitors in order to support successfully the implementation of a strategic direction chosen and to achieve competitive advantages in the market they serve. In differentiating themselves from others, DMBs will encounter somewhat different aspects from those firms which produce and sell physical goods mainly due to the characteristics (ie. intangible, inseparable, heterogeneous, perishable and non-owned) of their products. Therefore, DMBs have to use the extended 7Ps in order to overcome the problems caused by the unique characteristics of their products and to differentiate themselves from their competitors effectively in the market. However, the discretion of Korean DMBs to implement the extended 7Ps in the market has been so strictly restricted by the regulation that they can not exercise their full capabilities in the market, and they have a passive attitude towards the implementation of strategies in order to differentiate themselves from others. However, the results of this research - mainly based on the study of the financial systems and regulations of Korea and of households as customers of FIs-HSM, and the surveys for FIs-HSM and Korean households - show the possibility that DMBs can achieve competitive advantages effectively in HSM by differentiating themselves from their competitors, be they other DMBs or NBFIs in HSM. DMBs can freely use some components (ie. promotion, physical environment, personnel as a participant, process) of the 7Ps in the market even though other components (ie. product, price, place) of the 7Ps have strictly restricted use in the market at present. Besides, all components of the 7Ps will be sooner or later free to use for differentiating themselves in the market in accordance with the relaxation of financial regulations. As a conclusion, DMBs have to utilize their capabilities fully in order to achieve competitive advantages in the market and to prepare for future changes in the market by conducting the continuous R&D and market research.
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Vinson, Stan Wayne. "Leadership Development in Financial Institutions in South Dakota: A Slow Growth State." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1317259766.
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Кузьменко, Ольга Віталіївна, Ольга Витальевна Кузьменко, Olha Vitaliivna Kuzmenko, and Т. В. Доценко. "Frontier analysis of the banks’ financial monitoring efficiency concerning assessing the risks of money laundering." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/80941.
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Over the last ten years, there has been a significant acceleration in the evolution of new methods for money laundering, which are becoming more diverse and specific, and the mechanisms for presenting criminal proceeds in the form of fairly legal proceeds are becoming more complex and diversified. Therefore, the issue of assessing the risks of money laundering requires in-depth study, analysis and development.
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Ashraf, Ali. "Empirical Examination of Quantitative Easing in Monetary Policy and Earning Management of Financial Markets and Institutions." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1605.
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In the first chapter, I analyze the impact of changes in aggregate holding in special asset purchase programs by Federal Reserve Systems (FED) as an alternate monetary policy at aggregate level. Later, to complement the analysis of monetary impact at aggregate level, I also analyze the impact of monetary actions at bank stock level with a set of 186 banks. First, for the overall sample period, expected monetary shock has positive effect on bank stock return; however, unexpected shock component has otherwise negative impact. Second, during both conventional and QE regime, monetary shocks are not significant in explaining weekly stock returns; however change in FED’s total asset holding in special programs is significant during the QE regime and such findings are more robust for the “large” banks when compared to “medium” and “small” banks.
The second chapter presents the second essay that is one of the early studies to analyze whether either the changes in accounting standard or the changes in prudential regulatory regimes may affect the bank earning management in terms of Loan Loss Provisioning (LLP) systematically. Results suggest that, in general, bank managers use LLP as a tool for earning management for income smoothing and also for capital management once LLP is allowed to be a part of Tier-I capital requirement. Both changes in prudential regulation from pro-cyclic to a dynamic regime and convergence of accounting standard from rule-based to principle-based standards have significant negative fixed effects separately and jointly once included.
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Dietrich, David Roland. "An analysis of bank risk management and its relevance for the non-bank corporate sector." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002683.
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This thesis, entitled “An analysis of bank risk management and its relevance for the non-bank corporate sector”, investigates the extent to which financial risk management by the banking sector can be applied to the non-bank corporate sector. As banks’ risk management techniques are more sophisticated than those of the non-bank corporate sector we have endeavoured to ascertain the applicability of these established risk management methods to the non-bank corporate sector. The main objectives of this study were to analyse the banking sectors’ risks and management thereof, and compare them to the risks faced by the nonbank corporate sector. This analysis was then used to present a theoretical financial risk management model for the corporate sector. This analysis was conducted using qualitative research. The thesis engaged in an in-depth investigation of financial risk management through a documentary, literature and media analysis. It was elucidated that not all companies face the same financial risks and therefore each company requires its own unique financial risk management model. Furthermore, it was established that there are several risks that both banks and non-bank corporates are subjected to. However, the management of these risks is not necessarily the same for these two types of institutes. This thesis concludes by putting forward a financial risk management model which presents all the possible financial risks that non-bank corporates may face.
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Kuhlengisa, McIntosh M. "An evaluation of the regulation and supervision of co-operative financial institutions in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18200.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.Co-operative financial institutions (CFIs) as a concept has been in existence in South Africa for a number of years either as credit unions, “stokvels”, savings and credit co-operatives and/or FSC‟s. As a result, regulators have long realized the need and potential of the CFI concept, with an exemption notice promulgated in 1994 and the Co-operative Bank specific legislation in 2007, allowing institutions modeled around a common bond to take deposits within certain conditions, to ensure the safety and soundness of such institutions and to facilitate financial inclusion. The study provides an overview of the regulatory and supervisory frameworks for CFIs in South Africa, noting the roles of various regulatory stakeholders as well as the perceptions of the regulated institutions. The study finds that despite the small size relative to the overall economy, and the low penetration rates, the CFI sector in South Africa is providing financial services to marginalized communities. However, capacity is a major constraint in the development and growth of the sector. As a result, any supervisory interventions will be pointless in the absence of appropriate capacity interventions. Despite the existence of various regulators, regulatory and supervisory oversight is considered weak. There is lack of clarity on the various roles of the different regulators within the sector, raising scope for regulatory arbitrage. In addition, the role of the representative body has been called into question, with some CFIs querying its relevance. Regulations have been put in place to address some of these anomalies, and these were evaluated in the context of recommending appropriate supervisory frameworks to enhance the safety and soundness of the sector and minimize regulatory arbitrage. The recommendations are also aligned to the nature and size of such institutions within the broader national strategy of promoting access to financial services in a safe and sound manner.
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Swanepoel, Sybel. "The relationship between organisational culture and financial performance: an exploratory study in a selected financial institution in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003881.
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This research investigates the relationship between organisational culture and financial performance in a selected financial services institution in South Africa. The banking sector as part of the financial services industry contributes to economic growth in the economy. The banking sector in South Africa is highly concentrated, but also highly competitive. It is important for banks to retain their competitiveness and increased global competition places further pressure on banks to perform financially in order to satisfy the demands of shareholders. The literature reviewed and previous studies both suggest that organisational culture is an important variable that influences organisational performance. For purposes of this research, organisational performance will be measured in terms of financial performance. The concepts of organisational culture and financial performance are discussed and a questionnaire based on Hall’s (1988) theory of organisational competence is used to determine the strength of the levels of the dimensions of competence as indicators of organisational culture within the selected financial institution. The financial performance of the branches within the organisation is determined by calculating certain selected financial performance ratios, namely cost-to-income ratio, cumulative leverage and contribution per employee. A correlation analysis is conducted in order to establish whether there is a statistically significant relationship between organisational culture and financial performance. A conclusion is drawn that there is a statistically significant relationship between the organisational culture and the financial performance of the branches of the selected institution and recommendations are made as to how financial performance can be improved by strengthening the dimensions of competence as indicators of organisational culture. These recommendations include specific actions that can be taken by leaders to improve commitment, collaboration and creativity.
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Yang, Ann Shawing. "Scale economies and scope economies in financial institutions : a study of Taiwan local banks with the application of transcendental logarithmic multiproduct cost function." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0031.
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Cette thèse doctorale a pour but d'étudier des économies d'échelle et des économies de gamme des trente six banques dans le marché financier taïwanais pour l'application de la fonction de coût translogarithmique multiproduits. Le modèle est complété par trois produits, trois instants de prix et trois équations d'intrants de prix afin de tester les économies d'échelle et les économies de gamme et les caractères de production bancaire dans la content d'une production multipliée. La période d'étude est de l'année 1997 à 2002. La régression d'apparence indépendante (SUR) est utilisée pour estimer les paramètres de système de coût. Cette étude s'appuie sur l'approche par l'intermédiation. Les résultats suggèrent que la courbe de coût moyen des banques étudiées soit en "U", correspondant à la théorie. Il existe des économies d'échelle pour des petites et des grandes banques et des économies de gamme dans les banques de toutes tailles. L'adoption des compagnies financières de holding semble avoir des effets limités sur l'amélioration des niveaux des économies d'échelles et des économies de gamme ; les banques les plus appropriées devraient être celles qui ont des forts soutiens provenant d'un groupe de l'industrie financière proche avec des positionnements de leadership dans le marché. Il est fortement recommandé pour des banques à Taiwan de se diversifier dans différentes activités bancaires et de renforcer la relation entre les activités de dépôt et de prêt. Les résultats montrent que si la promotion des activités de prêt est couplée avec les activités de dépôts ou d'investissement, les coûts d'opération bancaire peuvent réduire comme un résultat des synergies positif.
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Mogaji, Emmanuel. "Emotional appeals in UK banks' print advertisement." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/622103.
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The unprecedented turbulence and uncertainty experienced in global economic and financial markets because of the 'credit crunch' has had a damaging impact on consumer confidence. Trust and credibility have been eroded as many customers feel let down by the banks suggesting the need for banks to rebuild constructive dialogue and long-term, meaningful relationships with their customers again. Though financial service, in this case, is considered a utilitarian service, based on the fact that money is needed to support people‘s daily activities, the present state of financial service has suggested the need for banks to appeal to consumers‘ emotions with the aim of improving their reputation. Also, the competition within the industry also could suggest the need to adopt an emotionally appealing advertisement strategy as emotions are known to play an influential role in building robust brand preference. This study builds on the communication theory, meaning transfer theory and consumer involvement theory, to understand the messages the banks are sending out and to elicit consumers‘ emotional reaction. One thousand, two hundred and seventy-four UK bank advertisements in nine national newspapers were content-analysed to identify the emotional appeals presented by the banks. The perception of these appeals and their associated meanings were sought through semi-structured interviews with 33 participants in London and Luton. The results of the analysis indicated that UK Banks are utilising emotional appeal in their advertisements to reach out to the consumers to convince them to upgrade their account, to open an additional account or switch their account. The most predominantly used appeals were relief and relaxation followed by excitement and happiness or satisfaction with the bank, and finally, security and adventure. However, variations were found in different financial products that employed emotional appeals. It was found that high-involvement products such as mortgages and loans used fewer emotional appeals. Both bank groups - high street banks, including the big four (Barclays, HSBC, Lloyds and RBS) and non-high street banks, such as the new entrants, supermarket brands, and online banks were using emotional appeals. However, it is acknowledged that the communication strategies between these banks could be different as the non-high street banks are more likely to repeat and publish the same messages across many newspapers, instead of publishing different emotionally appealing advertisements. Though consumers acknowledged these emotional appeals in the advertisements, they were more concerned about their relationship with the banks as they don‘t rely on advertisements to make a financial decision. Rather, recommendations from families, friends and associates and also branch location are more important when deciding on which bank to choose. The lack of congruency between financial services and emotional appeals in advertisements is also observed as customers are more likely to be persuaded by rational appeals however this study has not completely ruled out emotional appeals in bank advertisements as the use of both types of appeals is recommended. The study provides important theoretical and managerial contributions to understanding how the consumers understand meaning-embedded advertisements produced by the banks. Managers will be able to consider the implications of advertisements in enhancing their brand equity and building relationships with customers in anticipation that, by word of the mouth and established relationship, their bank‘s reputation will be enhanced. Limitations of the study and opportunities for future research are identified.
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Graaf, Anne van der. "Managing financial risks : protecting the organisation." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0020/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur la gestion des risques associés aux marchés financiers au sein des grandes organisations financières européennes. A partir d’un travail ethnographique approfondi et d’entretiens, elle vise à améliorer la compréhension de la gestion des risques de marchés financiers dans les banques et les compagnies d'assurance de la zone euro. Cette recherche montre que les gestionnaires de risque construisent leur connaissance et leur évaluation des risques avec un but premier : celui de satisfaire les exigences de d’acteurs extérieurs à l’organisation davantage que de couvrir les risques générés par les activités de celle-ci. Plusieurs acteurs ont en effet la possibilité de mettre en danger la santé de l’organisation, par exemple les régulateurs ou les actionnaires et les contreparties. Les gestionnaires de risque se préoccupent surtout de l’évaluation par le régulateur. Dans la limite de ce que leur permettent les possibilités de calcul et la comptabilité, ils essayent de répondre au mieux aux pressions de ces acteurs. Par une communication qui reflète ce qu’ils anticipent des souhaits des acteurs externes, les gestionnaires de risque essayent d’éviter des sanctions de la part de ces derniersRisks taken in the financial sector have been in the public eye since the financial crisis of 2008. This thesis explores the internal workings of the large organisations that take financial market risks, banks and insurance companies. It follows their risk managers, analysing their work and output. The thesis is based on an ethnography with 84 semi-structured interviews and two participant observations in risk management. EU regulation and literature on financial risk state that risk managers control risk taking of their organisations. This thesis shows that is not the case. The risk managers do not have the resources to make the control stick. They focus on another aspect, namely on keeping the organisation alive. The risk managers prevent negative consequences from happening to their organisation by handling the communications to resourceful outsiders. Regulators, shareholders and counterparties all have the power to bring down a financial organisation. The risk managers manage communications about the state of the organisation to these outsiders. With the help of their risk assessments, they want to avoid the negative effects an outsider could bring. Accounting rules and mathematical standards restrict the malleability of the risks, depending on enforcement of powerfull outsiders. The risk managers juggle the different limits to show an organisation in good health
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Loh, Christian. "Bankensysteme in Mittel- und Osteuropa : die Evolution des Bankensystems am Beispiel ausgewählter Transformationsländer /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/56477121X.pdf.
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Ahmad, Rubi 1962. "Bank capital, risk and performance : Malaysia evidence." Monash University, Dept. of Accounting and Finance, 2005. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5121.
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Akhter, Md Selim. "Financial soundness and development a multi-country analysis using panel data /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/41341.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis submitted to the University of Western Sydney, College of Business, School of Economics and Finance, in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographical references.
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Schenberg, Andre Ekman. "A estrutura de capital do setor bancário em mercados com contratos incompletos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12140/tde-10102007-150931/.
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O Acordo da Basiléia, originalmente criado em 1988 e posteriormente reformulado em 2004, estabelece critérios para a regulação do setor bancário com o intuito de garantir a estabilidade do sistema financeiro internacional. Para atingir estes objetivos, o seu principal instrumento é a requisição .de que os bancos internacionalmente ativos devem manter níveis mínimos de capital e relação aos seus ativos ajustados pelo risco. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar as motivações econômicas para esta requisição de capital do setor bancário, assim como analisar suas principais implicações. Iniciamos este trabalho com uma breve descrição histórica do Acordo da Basiléia e do papel da estrutura de capital do setor bancário neste Acordo. Em seguida, apresentamos uma descrição da teoria econômica dos contratos e as principais aplicações desta teoria para o estudo da estrutura de capital de uma firma em geral e do setor bancário em particular. Por fim, mostramos como os resultados obtidos pela teoria econômica justificam a estrutura geral do Acordo da Basiléia, e ressaltamos os principais desafios que serão enfrentados na pratica por seus formuladores.The Basel Capital Accord, created in 1988 and reformulated in 2004, defines patterns for the banking sector with the aim of achieving the stability of the international financial system. It main instrument is theuse of minimum capital requirements. This work tries to understand the economic underpining of the Basel Capital Accord and its main inplications. We start with a description of the Accord and explain the role of the minimum capital requirements. We then introduce the main elements of the microeconic models of contract theory and use this models to explain the importance of the capital structure of a bank. Finally, we show how the main results of the models base don the insights of contract theory explain most of the features of the Basel Capital Accord and introduce its main limitations.
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Kafidi, Petrus Lineekela. "Strategy-making trends : a case study of the financial regulator in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96197.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.Research on strategy has been focusing at organisational level, mostly on practices such as strategic planning, strategy workshops and consultancy practices. With the emergence of strategy-as-practice, the focus has been redirected to explore beneath organisational-level processes and bring to the fore the role that people play in the practice of strategy. This research project looked at the practice of strategy within the Namibia Financial Institutions Supervisory Authority (NAMFISA), the financial regulator in Namibia. Strategy is seen within this research project as something that is ‘done’ by actors who are referred to as ‘practitioners’ of strategy. Strategy-as-practice research is a relatively new field of strategy research. This assignment has aimed to add to the fast growing body of knowledge in the strategy-as-practice research field and it forms part of a collaborative between the University of Stellenbosch Business School (USB) and The Narrative Lab. The researcher explored how strategy is practised within NAMFISA, as the case study company. The assignment points out the strategy actors, the practices and processes they follow as well as the tools they use to plan and execute the NAMFISA strategy. The researcher took an activity-based view and paid special attention to practitioners, practices and praxis (Jarzabkowski, 2005) involved in strategising as well as the manner in which NAMFISA ‘does’ strategy. The system aspects of Biomatrix theory, namely environment, ethos, aims, processes, structure, governance and matter, energy and information (Mei), as described by Dostal, Cloete and Járos (2005), were also integrated into the research wherever they were deemed to affect the practice of strategy at NAMFISA. The above-mentioned aspects, in conjunction with the elements of the activity-based view and the strategising matrix (Jarzabkowski, 2005), shaped the basis for the analysis which was done using the ATLAS.ti tool. After the first analysis, a second analysis was performed using SenseMakerTM Explorer, another qualitative analysis tool which helped in gaining an in-depth understanding of the findings obtained using the ATLAS.ti tool. During the second analysis exercise, the respondents were requested to self-index their own narratives about the strategy activities at NAMFISA. Practices were found to be dominated by planning and discussions and praxis occurred predominantly at the meso level within NAMFISA. As the practice of strategy is entrenched, procedural strategising was found to be the most dominant of the strategising matrix, followed by interactive. No element of preactive strategising was observed. Planning was done by the executive and middle managers, mostly at annual strategic retreats. The use of external consultants was minimal. The research concluded with recommendations for further studies on strategy-as-practice research in Southern Africa.
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Fleifel, Bilal A. "Risk management in Islamic banking and finance the Arab Finance House example /." View electronic thesis (PDF), 2009. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2009-3/fleifelb/bilalfleifel.pdf.
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Makwiramiti, Anthony Munyaradzi. "The implementation of the new capital accord (BASEL II) : a comparative study of South Africa, Switzerland, Brazil and the United States." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002717.
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The international banking environment has become potentially riskier because of the recent developments in financial services and products which have changed the way banks do their day to day business. Imposing minimum capital adequacy regulations is one way of fostering stability in the global banking system. A number of countries have started to implement the new capital adequacy rules (Basel II) following the worldwide consensus among central bankers that bank‟s capital levels should be regulated to enhance global financial stability. In this study, through the comparative analysis of the general implementation issues it was established that emerging countries apply all Basel II rules uniformly across all the banking institutions that operate in their territories. Developed countries apply these rules only to large and internationally active banks and because of the diversity of their banking industries, they also apply domestically modified rules to the domestically based banks. For the successful implementation of Basel II, properly planning, devoting bank resources and making necessary legislative amendments are prerequisites for incorporating Basel II into the regulatory framework for any country. The study concludes that the current global financial turmoil continues to pose a threat to the effectiveness of the Basel II rules which are aimed at achieving global financial stability.
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Абгарян, М. Г. "Конкуренція на ринку фінансових послуг України." Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2021. http://local.lib/diploma/Abharian.pdf.
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Доступ до роботи тільки на території бібліотеки ОНЕУ, для переходу натисніть на посилання нижчеУ роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти економічної сутності конкуренції та характеристика її видів; принципи, форми та методи конкурентної боротьби банківських і небанківських фінансових установ; особливості конкуренції на ринку фінансових послуг; еволюція організаційно-правових основ регулювання конкуренції на ринку фінансових послуг України; світовий досвід взаємодії банків і FinTech-компаній в умовах конкурентної боротьби. Проаналізовано основні показники конкурентного середовища на ринку фінансових послуг України; конкурентні переваги банків на ринку фінансових послуг; конкурентне положення АТ «УКРСИББАНК» на ринку фінансових послуг; Запропоновано для подальшого успішного розвитку та підвищення своєї конкурентоспроможності банки України повинні брати приклад з FinTech-компаній, тобто направити свої ресурси на формування і дію відповідно до стратегії інноваційної діяльності. У майбутньому необхідно переглянути роль філіальної мережі банківських установ в напрямку зменшення кількості філій і відділень банку і зосередитися на обслуговуванні клієнтів у режимі онлайн, що буде зручно і для власне клієнтів і зменшить витрати банків на утримання приміщень, а комерційні банки можуть надати важливу допомогу Fintech-компаніям у розширенні інфраструктури, збільшені капіталу та доступу до даних клієнтської бази.
The paper examines the theoretical aspects of the economic essence of competition and the characteristics of the species; principles, forms and methods of competition between banking and non-banking financial institutions; specifics of competition in the financial services market; evolution of the organizational and legal framework for regulating competition in the financial services market of Ukraine; world experience of interaction between banks and FinTech companies in a competitive environment. Analyzed the main indicators of the competitive environment in the financial services market of Ukraine; competitive advantages of banks in the financial services market; competitive position of JSC «UkrSibbank» in the financial services market; For further successful development and increasing their competitiveness, it was proposed that Ukrainian banks follow the example of FinTech companies, that is, direct their resources to form and act in accordance with the innovation strategy. In the future, it is necessary to reconsider the role of the branch network of banking institutions in the direction of reducing the number of branches and branches of the bank and focus on servicing customers online, which will be convenient for the customers themselves and reduce the costs of banks for maintaining premises, and commercial banks can provide important assistance to a Fintech company. in expanding infrastructure, increasing capital and access to customer base data.
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Зайцев, Олександр Васильович, Александр Васильевич Зайцев, and Oleksandr Vasylovych Zaitsev. "Інвестиції у розвиток фінансового сектору з метою розвитку промисловості." Thesis, Наука и образование, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/63851.
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У даній статті описується взаємозв'язок розвитку фінансового сектору з розвитком промисловості.В данной статье описывается взаимосвязь развития финансового сектора с развитием промышленности.
This article describes the relationship between the development of the financial sector and the development of industry.
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Lemrabott, Lewfah Mohamed Aly. "Étude du système bancaire mauritanien : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1053.
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Le système bancaire mauritanien a joué un grand rôle dans le développement du pays. De ce fait, il fut au cœur des grandes réformes financières et économiques initiées en Mauritanie. Un système bancaire qui, bien que, largement, inspiré d’autres systèmes (en particulier, le système français), présentera des spécificités qui lui sont propres. L’approche choisie est, à la fois, historique (abordant, de façon chronologique, les différentes étapes d’évolution du système bancaire mauritanien) et thématique (abordant les grands aspects qui distingueront chaque étape). Une approche qui met, également, l’accent sur l’importante dimension juridique de cette évolution. La présente thèse sera consacrée, principalement, à la présentation, des différentes composantes du système bancaire mauritanien (banques classiques, banques islamiques et banques étrangères) et des différentes structures d’appui financier à ce système bancaire, au niveau de la collecte de l’épargne ou d’octroi de crédit (établissements financiers non bancaires, sociétés d’assurances et institutions de microcrédit). Aussi, la place de la finance islamique dans le paysage bancaire mauritanien et la dynamique des relations des pouvoirs publics avec les institutions composant le système bancaire mauritanien constitueront-elles un autre volet de la présente thèse au cœur de laquelle, figure, d’autre part, l’évaluation du degré de compatibilité du système bancaire mauritanien avec les standards internationauxThe mauritanian banking system played a major role in the development of the country. As a result, it was at the heart of the major financial and economic reforms initiated in Mauritania. A banking system which, although largely inspired by other systems (in particular the french system), will present specific features of its own. The approach chosen is both historical (dealing chronologically with the different stages of the development of the mauritanian banking system) and thematic (addressing the major aspects that will distinguish each stage). An approach that also emphasizes the important legal dimension of this development.This thesis will be devoted mainly to the presentation of the different components of the mauritanian banking system (classic banks, Islamic banks and foreign banks) and the various financial support structures for this banking system, (non-bank financial institutions, insurance companies and microcredit institutions). Also, the role of islamic finance in the mauritanian banking landscape and the dynamics of relations between public authorities and the institutions composing the mauritanian banking system will constitute another part of the present thesis at the heart of which, on the other hand, the assessment of the degree of compatibility of the mauritanian banking system with international standards
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Pinheiro, Fernando Antonio Perrone. "Escala e viabilidade das instituições financeiras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06092016-090401/.
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O mercado financeiro brasileiro é caracterizado pela elevada concentração bancária, onde os cinco maiores bancos detêm a maior parte dos ativos financeiros. Bancos pequenos e médios têm que disputar espaços com os grandes conglomerados financeiros. Questões como economia de escala e custo de observância às normas são essenciais para a sobrevivência destas instituições menores. A aprovação para a constituição de instituições financeiras no País é dada pelo Banco Central do Brasil, que estabelece os valores de capital mínimo, em função da modalidade de instituição. Por sua vez, o Comitê de Supervisão Bancária de Basiléia estabelece os padrões máximos de alavancagem, o que indica qual volume de carteira pode ser contratado, dado este patrimônio. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se os valores de capital mínimo estabelecidos pelo Banco Central do Brasil são compatíveis com a estrutura de custo das instituições, e com o objetivo de retorno dos acionistas. Serão utilizados dados dos demonstrativos das instituições financeiras e, com base em modelo de regressão de dados em painel estático, será construída uma curva de retornos em função do porte da instituição. Este retorno, comparado com o custo de capital calculado pelo CAPM indicará a partir de que porte uma instituição financeira é viável.The Brazilian financial market is characterized by its huge banking concentration, where the five largest banks hold most part of the assets. Small and medium size financial institutions have to compete with the larger financial conglomerates. Economy of scale and cost of compliance issues are essential for the survival of the smaller institutions. The approval of a new financial institution is given by the Brazilian Central Bank, who establishes the minimum equity value, depending on the type of institution intended. Additionally, the Basle Committee on Banking Supervision fixes the maximum leverage standards, what indicates the maximum credit portfolio possible, given this equity value. This thesis aims to verify if the minimum equity value established by the Brazilian Central Bank is compatible with the banks operational cost and the shareholder return objective. Data of the financial statements will be used in conjunction with static panel regressions, to construct the return curve regarding the dimension of the institution. This will be compared with the shareholder cost of capital, estimated by de CAPM, to indicate the minimum dimension, which makes feasible the institution.
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Hörstedt, Maria, and Johanna Linjamaa. "Credit Risk Evaluation of Swedish SMEs : A Banking Sector Perspective." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-107969.
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As a result from the latest financial crisis, the banking industry has undergone major modifications during the last years in order to limit banks’ risks. A vast majority of existing literature tends to focus upon credit risk evaluation methods and techniques mainly concerning quantitative measures and large companies. Thus, the lack of research regarding credit risk evaluation of SMEs is profound, especially considering Sweden. With the dominant market share of SMEs compared to large corporations the authors found it interesting to further explore this area of the credit assessment process as SMEs largely impact the Swedish business sector. The purpose of the thesis at hand is to explore and provide empirical evidence of which criteria banks assess when evaluating credit risk of SMEs in Sweden. In regards to the purpose the authors have chosen to adapt the perspective of the banking industry throughout the thesis. In order to bridge the research gap the following question was established, “How do banks evaluate credit risk of SMEs in Sweden?” In light of the lack of research regarding qualitative assessment of credit risk, the authors found it interesting in terms of developing new theoretical and practical knowledge to establish the following sub-question, “What are the qualitative criteria used by banks when evaluating credit risk of SMEs in Sweden?” Further, as existing literature mainly focus on large companies the authors found it interesting to compare the findings regarding credit risk evaluation on SMEs to the evaluation process of one of the largest credit rating agencies. As a result the second sub-question was established as following, “Are these criteria similar to the criteria used by Standard & Poor’s in their rating model?” These questions were conducted in order to provide the authors and the reader with further insight regarding the criteria used by banks in their evaluation process. An inductive approach was adopted, in line with the epistemological stance of interpretivism and the ontological belief of constructivism. With this in mind, the authors of the thesis conducted a qualitative exploratory research employing narrative interviews in order to collect the data needed, as of the lack of existing research to address the research questions. The results of the research were that the criteria used in the assessment of credit risk tend to alter from advisor to advisor. The most commonly used criteria by the advisors are budget, business plan, customer’s customers, internal and external discipline, financial statements, industry specifics, historical accounts, key individuals, relationship, repayment capacity and the owner/individual. It was discovered that the qualitative criterion of assessing the individual majorly impacts the credit risk evaluation. However, what matters in the end is the overall impression of both qualitative and quantitative measures of the firm. In regards to sub-question one, the authors established a list of qualitative criteria used by advisors in their credit risk evaluation of SMEs, the most widely used criteria among the advisors are the owner/individual, key individuals, internal discipline, industry specifics, external discipline, customer’s customers, relationship and business plan. In comparison with the criteria used by Standard and Poor’s and the banks, it was evident that the criteria used in the evaluation differed a lot between the two.
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Boni, Margaret Mary. "A study of Washington Mutual a formidible competitor in the Southern California market." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2179.
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This project examines the Southern California and Inland Empire banking environment during the period from 1992 to 1997. It includes an analysis of Washington Mutual's market strategy, and financial strategy for entering this fiercely competitive environment. Washington Mutual's competitive advantages and weaknesses will be analyzed to understand its approach to capturing strong market presence.
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Li, Zhong-Wen. "College Students and Credit Card Use in the Twenty-first Century." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1299878749.
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