Journal articles on the topic 'Library orientation Indonesia'

Science Indonesia's education has complex problems including didactics, curriculum, content, and facilities that are different from developed science education countries. Research library data collection methods from various review sources to identify problems; solutions or improvement efforts and effective cohesive models recommended in SAINS learning by considering the capabilities and potentials they have. The results of the qualitative descriptive analysis show: 1) Critical Analysis of Indonesian Science education through the standard of teaching materials, learning process, and assessment of laboratory facilities is still not optimal compared to developed science education countries. The point of comparison lies in the orientation of different learning objectives so that the way to teach both models, techniques, assessment, and evaluation is different; 2) Efforts to improve Science learning in Indonesia through SWOT Analysis are the readiness of learning Materials or resources, curriculum policies, professional Teacher HR and adequate facilities through the STEM (Science Technological, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach; 3) The integrated STEM Science integrated model recommended by considering literature studies, the potential and conditions of Indonesia can create a superior generation is facing challenges and global issues and can compete with advanced science education countries without abandoning Pancasila living values as the state ideology

The community needs special attention to improve in a better direction; significant efforts are required. The built actions are a form of improvement efforts to various problems in the world of education. Character building is seen as a solution to these problems. This study aims to describe conceptually Islamic character building in the millennial era. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This type of research is library research (library research). The subject of this research is the thought of Imam Al-Haddad. The study results suggest that character building, according to Imam Al-Haddad, is a perspective through the approach of tasawuf moral. Sufism is a teaching that has developed since classical and modern in countries with the Syafi'i school of thought. Sufism moral orientation leads to comprehensive character improvement based on the Al-Qur'an and hadith. In Sufism, it contains the morals of students to Allah SWT, the morals of students to teachers, the morals of students to themselves, and the morals of students to fellow humans. According to Imam Al-Haddad, the conception of character building is related to the values ​​of character building. This linkage will strengthen the character values themselves, which students easily apply in studying or in their daily lives.

Towards the 21st century, there are quite interesting changes regarding the trend of education in Indonesia. The dominance of Islamic educational institutions consisting of islamic boarding schools, madrasas, and schools began to shift, this was due to the emergence of Integrated Islamic Schools throughout the country. This Islamic educational institution has spread throughout Indonesia, first established by activists of the ITB campus mosque and UI. Such a rapid distribution of schools shows that the Integrated Islamic School is a new trend of Islamic education in Indonesia, this school emphasizes the education of religious moral values and excellent modern education today, this school also provides a new pattern regarding the reislamization of the Indonesian Muslim middle class. So the author is interested in conducting research related to the Integrated Islamic Coding Institute. In this study, the author uses a qualitative descriptive approach, which the author uses library research, namely collecting books related to the object of research or research that is literature. The Integrated Islamic School has the aim offostering students to become intelligent, noble muttaqien people who have skills that provide benefits and benefits for mankind, to achieve these goals, to implement good human resource management which includes various activities and processes namely, qualifications, recruitment patterns, employee orientation, employee wages, employee rules, coaching and development, employee assessment, employee career and rank, and welfare.

This research aimed to review and highlight some issues related to Islamic economic and finance practices in Indonesia. This research used qualitative-descriptive approach with content analysis, library research and critical studies method. This research found some critical points on islamic economic and finance practices in Indonesia, such as (i) islamic banking in Indonesia shows inconsistencies and unwillingly implementation; (ii) the Islamic economics practices not going too far from around financial sector (iii) the practice of islamic finance in indonesia is mostly focused on the Islamic Commercial Finance (ICF) sector and less concerned with Islamic Social Finance (ISF); (iv) shariah financial institutions is more precisely than what is called ”shariah bank” (v) epistemological problems in the islamic economics curriculum need to be answered and resolved to avoid a contraproductive output from its fundamental purposes. It is necessary to conduct re-orientation of sharia banking in order to strengthen the vision of sharia banking. All involving parties should be able to corporate, among them are academics, practitioners, governments, and, moreover, the role of scholars and organizations. It is reorientation and synergy of these parties which shall solve the problem of half-hearted implementation of banking and answer all criticism directed to the sharia banking all this time

<p><em><span lang="IN">Non schlae set vittae discinnus</span></em><span lang="IN">, this is a latin idiomatic to clear the purpose of educational purposes; we learn for not for school but for life. This article is inspired by phenomena of modernity, all have pragmatics orientation and erode the essence and value of education. Indonesia clear that claim, all system in education is structurized by certain portion in relation with jobfield, outline of modernity creates new world order in false-structure and lead by developed nation. They now drive the direction of education, what should be done by higher education to their curriculum, and fullfilling industrial need is a must as priority in curriculum sector. Posmodernity – perspective tries to pass the standart of modernity by making way out for science ideality, these are never ended process to revitalize new concept in developing curriculum in Higher education. Deconstruction is one key theory to offer some solution in managing curriculum, then library research is used to analyze by comparing ideal world by expert as their opinion to real situation in Indonesian education especially on curriculum concept. </span></p>

This article discusses four things: 1) the challenges of Islamic education, 2) the problems of education in Indonesia, 3) the socio-historical Islamic education in Indonesia, and 4) managing the superiority of Islamic education in the future. This research is descriptive qualitative with conceptual analysis method. Data collected through library documentation are then processed and analyzed using content analysis method. The results of the study show that the main challenges of Islamic education are the dichotomy of science and the dualism of education that influence the orientation and epistemology of Islamic education. The main problem of education in Indonesia is the purpose of education is not optimally supported by other educational factors, while the morale of the nation's children has degraded with increasingly complex delinquency. Socio-historically, the socio-religious interaction of the community can form a distinctive educational tradition by combining Islamic (religious) and national (cultural) values ​​without ignoring the development of the times. The future of Islamic education is largely determined by the awareness, sincerity, and power of the jihad of its educators, as well as the sincerity of the government in applying Islamic teachings in various jobs and all aspects of life.

Abstract This study aims to analyze Indonesia’s peat ecosystem protection policy in handling forest and land fires (karhutla). The qualitative research method employs a historical approach relating to the policies of the Republic of Indonesia’s government, including general policies and implementation policies. The limitation of the research is for three decades, namely 1990-2020. The primary data was collected through interviews, and the secondary data was collected through library research techniques and online data retrieval. The study’s findings show that, although forest and land fires have been occurring for a long time, specific protection regulations only began in the early 1990s. Following that, there was a shift in policy orientation from utilization to sustainable development. Indicators of achievement of policy implementation are seen through the area of burned land and the number of fire hotspots. It decreased in the last half-decade or post-karhutla in 2015 after going through policy corrections and actions, which changed the working paradigm of forest and land fire control from extinguishing prevention.

This research based on the phenomenon of the publishing various kinds of fast methods to reading the yellow book in Indonesia since the 2000s. This phenomenon is considered as a reaction to the difficulty of learning nahwu and practicing it in reading the yellow book. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of library research. The data were taken from 7 (seven) books on the fast method to reading the yellow book, which were published from 2001 to d. 2018 namely: al-'Arabiyyah li Gair al-Arab, al-Mu'allim Method in Sharaf and Nahwu, Ibtida'i, Amtsilati, Book of Method 33, al-Miftah li al-'Ulum, and Manhaji. The analytical method used is content analysis. The results of this study indicate that the book method of reading the yellow book (kitab bald) is oriented to 5 (five) competencies, namely: reading skills (loud and silent), understanding Arabic Grammar (theoretical and practical), I'rab, understanding of the Qur'an. , and writing skills (guided, free and dictation). Thus the orientation of nahwu learning has been renewed with the existence of writing skills in al-'Arabiyyah li Gair al-Arab and nahwu learning to understand the Qur'an in Amtsilati and Manhaji.

This study focuses on the theme of the modernization of Islamic education by reintroducing a Muslim intellectual in the repertoire of Islamic thought in modern era, Fazlur Rahman, a Muslim scholar who positioned himself in the Neo-modernist group. This type of research is library research, with a descriptive-qualitative approach, a research methods that aim to describe in full and in depth about social reality and various phenomena that occur in society. The results showed that the Fazlul Rahman's idea of the modernization of Islamic education was motivated by his anxiety about the development of Islamic education which was increasingly left behind and tended to be stagnant. According to Rahman this is due to the many problems in Islamic education, such as: 1) the purpose of education that is not directed in a positive, education tends to be incentive, 2) the existence of educational dichotomy 3) low quality of students, 4) lack of quality and professional educators 5) and the limited Islamic literature available in several libraries and educational institutions. Through his ideas, he tried to renew Islamic education by not forgetting the classical heritage of Muslims. His criticism is directed at the orientation of Islamic education which should not only focus on the needs of the world or the hereafter, but must be both, the world and the hereafter. The contribution of thought and renewal of Islamic education that has been inscribed by Fazlur Rahman has been widely applied in various countries, including in Indonesia.�Keywords: Fazlur rahman, Modernization, Islamic Education

Abstract. This study discusses the decline in the vote acquisition of Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) in the midst of the Islamic populism movement in the 2019 Election. As an Islamic party, this momentum should be a turning point for PPP to become a party that listens to the aspirations or interests of Muslims, as one of the task of political parties in a democratic country is as an aggregation of interests. This study uses qualitative research methods with primary data from interviews and secondary data from library studies. Based on the reading of these data, it can be seen that the failure of PPP to gain vote incentives from the Islamic populism movement in the 2019 elections is; first, the failure to create a good institutional system. This poor institutionalization is reflected in the PPP's internal conflicts. Second, there is a split in the political orientation of Indonesian Muslims in conservatism and moderatism which is clearly depicted in the 2019 election. Third, there is a change in the political orientation of the Indonesian Islamic community which places religion not as the only foothold in their political choices. People choose political parties not based on who is the most Islamic, pious, or representing the aspirations of Muslims, but based on the performance and work programs offered by the party. Keywords: PPP, Islamic Populism, 2019 Election, Party Institutionalization. Abstrak. Penelitian ini membahas perihal panurunan perolehan suara Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP) di tengah gerakan populisme Islam pada Pemilu 2019. Harusnya sebagai partai Islam momentum ini adalah titik balik bagi PPP untuk bisa menjadi partai yang mendengar aspirasi atau kepentingan umat Islam, sebagaimana salah satu tugas partai politik dalam negara demokrasi yakni sebagai agregasi kepentingan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan data primer dari hasil wawancara dan data sekunder dari hasil kajian Pustaka. Berdasarkan pembacaan terhadap data-data tersebut terlihat bahwa kegagalan PPP meraih insentif suara dari gerakan populisme Islam pada Pemilu 2019 adalah; pertama, kegagalan menciptakan sistem kelembagaan yang baik. Kelembagaan yang tidak baik ini tergambar dari konflik internal PPP. Kedua, adanya keterbelahan orientasi politik umat Islam Indonesia dalam konservatisme dan moderatisme yang tergambar kuat dalam Pemilu 2019. Ketiga, adanya perubahan orientasi politik masyarakat Islam Indonesia yang menempatkan agama bukan sebagai pijakan satu-satunya dalam pilihan politiknya. Masyarakat memilih partai politik bukan berdasarkan siapa yang paling Islam, salih, atau mewakili aspirasi umat Islam, namun berdasarkan kinerja dan program kerja yang ditawarkan partai.Kata Kunci: PPP, Populisme Islam, Pemilu 2019, Pelembagaan Partai Politik.

<p class="04Penulis">Abstract</p><p class="07AbstrakInggris">The dehumanization of education has an impact on the orientation of human worship to become very materialistic. Therefore, an educational concept is needed to return humans to become independent pedagogical beings in globalization. This study will dissect the insight of the Qur'an on worship from the education perspective and free learning concept as an effort to create an independent human being. The type of this research is library research with the maudhu'i interpretation method through a semantic approach. The results found from this study are first, the Qur'an confirms that humans were created only to worship, thus it can be understood that worship is the purpose of human creation as an independent pedagogic creature. The second principles of education are in line with the concept of worship, namely lifelong worship which is a role model for Rabbani education. Third, the benefit obtained by people who worship properly will reach the highest peak of taqwa life and it is the morality of education. If humans guide and practice the message of the Qur'an, they will be able to become independent pedagogical beings.<strong> </strong></p><p class="07AbstrakInggris"> </p><p class="07AbstrakInggris"><strong>Keywords</strong>: Worship, Education, Independent</p>

The research investigates the paradigmatic dialectic and the relationship between religion and science in Indonesia. However, because the topic is quite broad, this research focuses on integrating science as a science paradigm at State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah (UIN Syahid). This research is qualitative research with descriptive-explanatory analysis of written sources, which is also library research. This study found that the concept, foundation, and orientation of scientific integration at UIN Syahid showed its uniqueness. On the one hand, UIN Syahid is the pioneer and the first Islamic university in the transformation of IAIN/STAIN to UIN. Still, on the other hand, UIN Syahid is also the only UIN that has not uniformized the implementation and practice of scientific integration at the level of lecturers and students. Therefore, the absence of unification of the implementation and practice of scientific integration is a weakness on the one hand but also a strength and an advantage on the other. However, UIN Syahid has developed the concept of scientific integration at a philosophical level, although it does not express its integration pattern in certain symbols, visualizations, and terminology.

Patient and visitor’s satisfaction is an indicator of the healthcare facility’s quality in hospital. One of the healthcare facilities in hospital is polyclinic area. Indonesia is committed to building a manufacturing industry that is globally competitive through accelerating the implementation of Industry 4.0. In this industrial revolution, there was a big leap where information and communication technology was fully utilized. The health industry also experienced this impact. The digital era in health facilities is a challenge to be better at providing health services to the community. Patient and visitor of health facility are those who are not familiar with the hospital environment and often have poor emotional and physical conditions. Therefore, it required a physical environment that can support the convenience of visitors, especially in the ease of finding the destination. One of the parameters of “design that cares” is to providing convenience for patient and visitor in finding purpose (wayfinding) and oriented in the building. This study is in the form of library research and uses descriptive analysis methods that take samples of patients and visitors of the RSIA Limijati Polyclinic, Bandung. Data were collected by accidental sampling technique through interview, observation, and questionnaire. This research is expected to provide solution to wayfinding design problem related to hospital user’s characteristics, especially polyclinic area. Key words: polyclinic, orientation, wayfinding

The research problems addressed in the article are the background story behind Ibn al-Muqaffa’s proposal for taqnīn, the historical background of the creation of the Islamic law codification in Indonesia, and the synchronization of ibn al-Muqaffa’s idea for taqnīn with the codification of Islamic law in Indonesia. The current study aims to unravel the view of Ibn Al-Muqaffa, an Islamic figure, about taqnīn. A biographical study was conducted by doing library research, especially on Ibn Al-Muqaffa’s proposal for taqnīn. The data collection procedure was divided into three parts i.e., orientation, exploration, focus-oriented research. Biographical research is part of a qualitative study that uses data analysis techniques and literature study as the qualitative data analysis as well as content analysis through the historical and textual approach. The results of the study reveal the method of law implementation before and during the lifetime of Ibn Al-Muqaffa which could be described as chaotic, with one of the reasons was because, at the time, the court had not possessed the statute that governed the legal activities other than the Islamic jurisprudence (fiqh) which was used by the judges in accepting, examining, and deciding on cases addressed to them. Therefore, every judge took a decision based on their own ijtihad (an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question). Ibn Al-Muqaffa advised the Khalifa Abu Jakfar Al-Manshur to compile the correlated legal reasonings in Islamic jurisprudence in which to be implemented and to be applied as the binding legal force in the form of statutory law which was regulated nationally and to be used as guidance by all the judges without no exception. The codification of Islamic law in Indonesia has received a constitutional status based on philosophical, sociological, and juridical reasons. The researchers closely examine three types of Islamic legal laws i.e., Act number 7 of 1989, Act number 3 of 2006, and Act number 50 of 2009 concerning Religious Courts, Act number 41 of 2004 concerning Waqf (Endowment), and Act number 21 of 2008 concerning Sharia (Islamic) Banking. Taqnīn (the codification of Islamic law) must be adjusted to demands of the present time in which it is implemented and in accordance with the specific fields of law, for example, taqnīn for Civil Law, Criminal Law, Family Law, Judicial Law, State Administrative Procedure Law, State Administrative Law, And State Finances.

This research is roused by the low interest in business venture and open positions in Bali because of the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyze the moderating role of institutional infrastructure and culture on the influence of proactiveness, risk taking, and innovativeness toward entrepreneurial intention among university students in Bali. This study is the first to examine the role of institutional infrastructure support in moderating the relationship between individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention. The social marketing approach is used to explain the phenomenon of entrepreneurial intentions among students in Bali, Indonesia with a sample size of 250. The data collection method was a survey method with online questionnaires and interviews. The data analysis technique was PLS-SEM. The test results show that proactiveness has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Risk taking has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Innovativeness has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Institutional infrastructure support positively and significantly moderates the influence of proactiveness, risk taking, and innovativeness toward entrepreneurial intention. Lastly, culture positively and significantly moderates the influence of proactiveness, risk taking, and innovativeness toward entrepreneurial intention.

in Indonesia a Penitentiary is a place to provide guidance to prisoners and correctional students. Correctional institutions are required to foster and return correctional inmates to the community. The process of coaching prisoners really needs to be done so that the perpetrators of criminal acts do not repeat the mistakes they have made so that they are no longer disturbing the community. This study uses a quantitative approach, with the type of research library research. Data was collected using observation techniques, books, and literature reports on the results of previous studies. Research data in the form of documentation and literature with some literature. Data analysis activities using interactive analysis models, starting from stage (1) data reduction; (2) data presentation; and (3) drawing conclusions. The results showed that the education pattern used in conducting coaching at LPKA Klas 1 Palembang used the correctional system which was implemented since 1964 which was then supported by the issuance of Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections. Correctional Institutions play a role in restoring the dignity and worth of prisoners in prison so that they can be accepted in the community again. This is done by providing a coaching program which includes personality development and independence development. The guidance given to prisoners includes four stages, in which the stages are carried out sequentially which include (1) the admission and orientation stage or the introduction stage, (2) the Coaching Stage, (3) Assimilation Phase, (4) Integration Phase.

The spirit of nationalism today is in need of serious attention. Because, today there have been many groups disturbing the tranquility and harmony of the Unitary State of Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Ironically, these groups tend to use (Islamic) religious ideologies and symbols to justify their movements. Thus, it is important to internalize the spirit of patriotism in education by re-actualizing the KH Saifuddin Zuhri's thought about nationalism. In this study, the writer uses a library research with a qualitative method approach, in order to uncover and describe in depth the KH Saifuddin Zuhri's idea of nationalism in which its relevance to our times needs to be taken into account. Thus, the writer needs to create a focus of research namely; 1) what is the concept of nationalism in the perspective of KH Saifuddin Zuhri? 2) what is the genealogy of KH Saifuddin Zuhri's idea of nationalism and its implementation at that time? 3) what is the relevance of KH Saifuddin Zuhri's thought to education at the present? This study could obtain some important findings namely; 1) that the religious values become an absolute element in fueling the spirit of patriotism, so that the pattern of KH Saifuddin Zuhri's nationalism could be categorized religious nationalism, 2) The KH Saifuddin Zuhri's idea of nationalism could successfully be implemented through 5 forms, namely; Islamic, culture, democracy, education and politics. 3) The KH Saifuddin Zuhri's idea of nationalism is clearly in line with the grounding of curriculum used in the so-called K-13, namely the cultural character that is carried in the national education as well as the same spirit on the importance of education orientation aimed at producing nationalist learners through the goals of curriculum and education. The strategy of implementation is by reconstructing education on the aspects of policy (regulatory) and teaching (instructional)

Tujuan Kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana dampak kapitalisme global terhadap pendidikan islam. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Teknik pengumpulan data, dalam hal ini penulis akan melakukan identifikasi wacana dari buku-buku, makalah atau artikel, majalah, jurnal, web (internet), ataupun informasi lainnya yang berhubungan dengan judul penulisan untuk mencari hal-hal atau variabel yang berupa catatan, transkip, buku, surat kabar, majalah dan sebagainya. Teknik yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah analisis data model Miles dan Huberman.Aktifitas analisis data model ini antara lain, reduksi data (data reduction), display data dan gambaran konklusi atau verifikasi (conclusion drawing/verification). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa humanisme religius sebagai paradigma, maka orientasi pendidikan Islam dari tingkat dasar sampai perguruan tinggi, formal, dan informal perlu diarahkan ke titik ini. Dengan paradigma ini, pendidikan Islam, khususnya konteks Indonesia (periferi), diharapkan mampu menyiapkan dirinya sebagai suatu sistem yang dapat diandalkan dalam menyiapkan peserta didik yang siap menghadapi segala dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat kapitalisme global yang dikuasai negara-negara Barat (center).Dengan paradigma ini, peserta didik dapat tumbuh kembang dengan segala potensi dirinya masing-masing, dengan tetap berpegang teguh pada nilai-nilai religius. Dengan demikian pendidikan Islam tidak akan mengabaikan pentingnya pendidikan jasmani dan rohani serta pendidikan alam, tidak mendikotomikan elemen-elemen tersebut. Pada akhirnya, Insan kamil adalah sasaran pendidikan dalam Islam, dan ini dapat disasar dengan menggunakan paradigma humanisme religius. Title: The Impact of Global Capitalism on Islamic Education Abstract: The objective of this study is to find out how the impact of global capitalism on Islamic education. This research belongs to the category of library research. In data collection techniques, the researcher identified discourses from books, papers or articles, magazines, journals, web (internet), or other information related to the writing title to look for the things or variables in the form of notes, transcripts , books, newspapers, magazines and etc. The technique used in this thesis was the data analysis of Miles and Huberman model. The data analysis activities of this model included data reduction, data display and conclusion drawing/verification. The results of the study showed that religious humanism is as a paradigm, so that the orientation of Islamic education from elementary level to university level, formal, and informal needs to be directed to this point. With this paradigm, Islamic education, especially in Indonesian context (periferi), is expected to be able to prepare itself as a system which can be relied on preparing students who are ready to face all impacts caused by global capitalism which is controlled by Western countries (center). With this paradigm, the students can grow and develop all potentials that they have, while they keep the religious values. Thus Islamic education will not ignore the importance of physical and spiritual education and natural education; it does not dichotomize those elements. In the end, Insan Kamil (perfect human) is the target of education in Islam, and it can be targeted by using the paradigm of religious humanism.

Indicators of state progress can be measured based on the level of progress in the field of education. At present there is an inequality of quality in the world of Indonesian education, one of which is in Madrasah Tsanawiyah (MTs). From the data the researchers obtained, the number of private MTs dominated compared to public MTs, but their existence was not. However, in West Lombok there are several private MTs that have a good image and therefore have a good existence, including the Integrated Islamic School (SIT), natural madrasah, and tahfizul Qur'an. This study aims to determine branding carried out in Modern Islamic Schools, and what are the issues related to the implementation of branding in modern Islamic schools. The research method used is library research. The results of this study are, 1) Institutions make school characteristics. Then it was found that SDIT collaborated between science and tahfiz al-Qur'an and used public relations management. Madrasah Alam develops project-based learning with an independent learning pattern. And Tahfizul Qur'an, which makes a superior program by memorizing the Al-Qur'an, 2). Issues related to the branding of modern Islamic schools, namely students are positioned in a market orientation so that education is no longer based on knowledge and the talent needs of students, and there is a financing gap in the world of Islamic Education. Keywords: Branding, Modern Islamic School, Integrated Islamic School, Madrasah Alam, Tahfizul Qur'an Abstrak: Indikator kemajuan negara dapat diukur berdasarkan tingkat kemajuannya dalam bidang pendidikan. Saat ini terjadi ketidakmerataan kualitas dalam dunia Pendidikan Indonesia, salah satunya ada pada madrasah tsanawiyah (MTs). Dari data yang peneliti dapatkan, jumlah MTs swasta mendominasi dibandingkan dengan MTs Negeri, namun tidak dengan eksistensinya. Akan tetapi, di Lombok Barat ada beberapa MTs swasta yang memiliki image yang bagus sehingga memiliki eksistensi yang baik, diantaranya yaitu Sekolah Islam Terpadu (SIT), madrasah alam, dan tahfizul Qur’an. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui branding yang dilakukan di Sekolah Islam Modern, dan Apa isu terkait dengan pelaksanaan branding di sekolah Islam modern. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi Pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, 1) Lembaga membuat ciri khas sekolah. Kemudian ditemukan bahwa SDIT mengolaborasikan antara sains dengan tahfiz al-qur’an dan menggunakan manajemen public relationship. Madrasah Alam mengembangkan pembelajaran berbasiskan proyek dengan pola merdeka belajar. Dan Tahfizul Qur’an, yang membuat program unggulan dengan menghafalkan Al-Qur’an, 2). Isu-isu terkait branding sekolah Islam modern yaitu peserta didik diposisikan pada orientasi pasar sehingga pendidikan bukan lagi berbasis keilmuan dan kebutuhan bakat peserta didik, dan adanya kesenjangan pembiayaan dalam dunia Pendidikan Islam.

Abstract[English]:This research is a library research It means that this research is carried out through tracing and reviewing scientific works, both those contained in books, journals, magazines, encyclopedias, papers, and media covering various topics of this research. This research was conducted through several stages such as the data collection stage, the data processing stage, and the data analysis stage using certain analytical methods. As a subject that is discussed in Nurcholish Madjid's thinking, to be able to find the role of an inclusive Islam in encouraging the unity of the ummah, including addressing modernism issues and issues, social justice, plurality and even Pancasila. Nurcholish Madjid optimistically sees Islam as a religion that is in line with humanitarian principles, so that it is able to respond to all universal human problems. Islam is not an exclusive and static religion, but a religion that encourages the orientation of human life towards common good values for all human civilization. Islam also does not reject various forms of progress and development of thoughts originating from other civilizations. This is the form of Islamic modernity which according to Nurcholis Madjid is related to Islam which is open (inclusive) and belongs to all mankind on earth.Abstrak[Indonesia]: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka melalui penelusuran dan telaah terhadap karya-karya ilmiah, baik yang tertuang dalam buku, jurnal, majalah, ensiklopedi, makalah, maupun media yang mengulas berbagai topik penelitian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan seperti tahap pengumpulan data, tahap pengelolahan data, dan tahap analisis data dengan menggunakan metode analisis tertentu. Pokok pembahasan dalam penelitian ini adalah menemukan peran agama Islam yang inklusif dalam mendorong persatuan umat, juga dalam menyikapi persoalan komedernan, keadilan sosial, pluralitas, dan pancasila dalam pemikiran Nurcholish Madjid. Nurcholish Madjid secara optimis melihat agama Islam sebagai agama yang sejalan dengan prinsip-prinsip kemanusiaan, sehingga mampu merespon segala permasalahan kemanusiaan universal. Islam bukan agama yang ekslusif dan statis, melainkan agama yang mendorong orientasi hidup manusia kepada nilai-nilai kebaikan umum bagi seluruh peradaban umat manusia. Islam juga tidak menolak berbagai bentuk kemajuan dan perkembangan pemikiran-pemikiran yang berasal dari peradaban lain. Inilai bentuk kemodernan Islam yang menurut Nurcholis Madjid adalah berkaitan dengan agama Islam yang terbuka (inklusif) dan menjadi milik semua umat manusia di atas bumi

AbstrakPenelitian berjudul “Pesindo Aceh 1945-1952: Organisasi Nasional di Tingkat Lokal” membahas Pesindo Aceh. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan mengapa muncul Pesindo di Aceh sehingga menjadi kekuatan politik dan peranannya dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Republik Indonesia. Untuk pengumpulan data digunakan metode sejarah. Penggunaan metode sejarah dimaksudkan supaya mendapatkan data yang akurat. Melalui metode sejarah dilakukan studi secara mendalam sehingga diperoleh pemahaman yang menyeluruh dan akurat tentang Pesindo. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dan studi pustaka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan sosial-politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya tarik elit Aceh bergabung ke dalam Pesindo karena asas kedaulatan rakyat yang ditawarkannya. Masyarakat bergabung ke dalam Pesindo yang sosialisme bukan berarti fundamen orientasi politik elit Aceh yang terikat kepada nilai atau simbol suku, kekerabatan, dan agama menjadi hilang. Kekhawatiran bahwa PKI (Partai Komunis Indonesia) akan mengambil alih Pesindo sebagai wadah organisasinya di Aceh merupakan bagian dari alasan diterimanya Pesindo di Aceh. Pesindo berperan aktif dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia, terutama pada masa revolusi kemerdekaan Indonesia. AbstractThe research entitles “Pesindo Aceh 1945-1952: Organisasi Nasional di Tingkat Aceh” discussed Pesindo Aceh. The purpose of the research is to explain the reason of Pesindo existences in Aceh that become one of the political powers and role in defending Indonesia Republic independence. In collecting the data this research uses historical method in getting the accuracy of the data. Through this method, we can gain the comprehensive and understanding, also accurate data about Pesindo. The technique of collecting the data is through an in depth interview and library research. This research also uses the socio-politics approach. The result of the research found that tractive power of Aceh politicians which joined with Pesindo because they offer the principle of society sovereignty in Aceh. The society merge with Pesindo which has the socialism principle is not because the Aceh elite politicians have bounding orientations in tribe, kinship, and religions will vanish, but the main purpose is worried of PKI (Indonesia Communist Party) will take over Pesindo as an Political Organizations in Aceh. Pesindo have a great role in defending the Indonesian independence, especially in the era of revolutions.

Permukiman suku Bajo yang dikenal dengan permukiman di atas laut tersebar di beberapa wilayah perairan di Indonesia, salah satunya di wilayah pantai BajoE, Kabupaten Bone Sulawesi Selatan. Awalnya mereka tinggal di atas perahu, kemudian mengalami perubahan, mulai membuat rumah di atas alr, lalu berangsur-angsur bergeser membangun rumah di daratan. Perubahan permukiman dari laut ke daratan merupakan proses yang cukup lama dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitar baik faktor fisik (alam) maupun non fisik (kebudayaan). Menurut Kleden, (1987), perubahan kebudayaan sebagai sebuah proses merupakan gerakan tiga langkah sesuai arah pandang perubahan yang dapat disebut sebagai proses transformasi kebudayaan. Transformasi kebudayaan, adalah perubahan pada sistem nilai (value system), kerangka pengetahuan dan makna (system meaning), tingkah laku, interaksi dan pelembagaan bentuk-bentuk interaksi. Konsep transformasi kebudayaan tersebut dapat dipergunakan untuk mengkaji transformasi permukiman suku Bajo di BajoE dari arah pandang perubahan fisik permukiman, sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kepustakaan, wawancara dan tinjauan lapangan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan yang terjadi baik fisik maupun non fisik dari permukiman suku Bajo. Metode kepustakaan dipergunakan karena data yang berkaitan dengan masa lalu tidak dapat diamati secara empiris seperti pemahaman terhadap peristiwa masa lalu yang berkaitan dengan sejarah, persepsi dan sistem nilai budaya. Berdasakan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa konsep trasnformasi kebudayaan Ignas Kleden dapat menjelaskan proses transformasi permukiman suku Bajo yang terdiri atas tiga langkah yaitu: integrasi, desintegrasi, reintegrasi (value system) dan orientasi, disorientasi, reorientasi (system of meaning). Di samping itu, perubahan kebudayaan akan merubah: Tingkah laku dari penerimaan pola, adakalanya melalui penolakan pola menjadi penerimaan pola-pola baru. Orang yang berinteraksi dari sosilisasi, melalui disosialisasi menjadi resosialisasi. Serta pemantapan bentuk-bentuk interaksi dari organisasi, melalui disorganisasi menjadi reorganisasi. Dampak dari perubahan lokasi tersebut terhadap aspek fisik adalah terjadinya perubahan pada: lokasi rumah (di atas laut ke daratan), bentuk, luas, dan tampilan rumah. Dampak pada aspek non fisik yaitu peningkatan aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat suku Bajo di BajoE Kabupaten Bone.---------------------------------------------------------------------------The settlements of the Bajo tribe, which are known as settlements on the sea, are scattered in several water areas in Indonesia, one of which is in the BajoE coastal area, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. At first they lived on a boat, then underwent changes, began to build houses on the river, then gradually shifted to building houses on land. Changes in settlements from sea to land is a long process and is influenced by the surrounding environment, both physical (natural) and non-physical (cultural) factors. According to Kleden, (1987), cultural change as a process is a three-step movement according to the direction of change which can be called a process of cultural transformation. Cultural transformation, is a change in the value system, the framework of knowledge and meaning (system meaning), behavior, interaction and institutionalization of forms of interaction. The concept of cultural transformation can be used to examine the transformation of Bajo tribal settlements in BajoE from the perspective of physical, social and economic changes in settlements. This research was conducted using literature, interviews and field reviews to describe changes that occurred both physically and non-physically from the Bajo tribal settlements. The library method is used because data related to the past cannot be observed empirically such as understanding past events related to history, perceptions and cultural value systems. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the concept of cultural transformation of Ignas Kleden can explain the transformation process of the Bajo tribal settlements which consists of three steps, namely: integration, disintegration, reintegration (value system) and orientation, disorientation, reorientation (system of meaning). In addition, cultural change will change: Behavior from acceptance of patterns, sometimes through rejection of patterns to acceptance of new patterns. People who interact from socialization, through being socialized into resocialization. As well as strengthening the forms of interaction from the organization, through disorganization into reorganization. The impact of the change in location on the physical aspect is a change in: the location of the house (above the sea to the mainland), the shape, area, and appearance of the house. The impact on non-physical aspects is an increase in the socio-economic aspects of the Bajo tribal community in BajoE, Bone Regency.

Globalization flow getting stronger forces each individual to adjust to social life, especially in urban areas. In general, urban communities have begun to classify themselves into communities, both cultural and structural, both small and large communities. One of the communities that was born was a marginal community. This community has a very unique character and orientation and is rarely touched by preaching. Starting from here, this research aims to formulate Islamic preaching method that is suitable for the marginalized communities in Indonesian society. The research method used is qualitative research. In fact, qualitative research does not have a standard measure, the framework that is built can still be reconstructed and adapted to the objective conditions in the field. The approach used is phenomenology. This approach allows researchers to describe experiences as best as possible, understand and apply fairly to phenomena as they appear and are felt by experiences. The conclusion of this research is that the Islamic preaching method that is considered suitable for marginalized communities is da'wah bil hal, study centers, open houses, mentoring and advocacy, economic empowerment, educational scholarships, distribution of Zakat Infaq Sodaqoh (ZIS), library parks, health packages, compensation social and educational skills work.

Entrepreneur is a stratetegical economic change agent for the Indonesian people in reducing poverty. By seeing that the majority of Indonesia's population is Muslim so it is very appropriate to implement an Islamic-based entrepreneurship system. Entrepreneur is a system in accordance with the teachings of Islam because it is highly recommended to seek riski or income. Islamic teachings view that work is a worship, so that entrepreneurs besides can lift income per capita, also can reduce poverty. In this library research emphasize the importance of entrepreneur applied in Islam because in view of Islam is aspect of life which is grouped into muamalah problem which closely related to relation between human with God which will be accounted later in akhirat. Business in the Qur'an is a human trade with God associated with spending his rescue to someone who can not afford. Successful behavior in Islam can not simply come, there are many values that need to be interpreted by Muslims as an entrepreneur. One of them, the orientation that becomes a good conception of self or others who become habit as way of life (way of life). Analysis of the success of an Islamic entrepreneur is to consider the variables of success and failure with internal and external factors based on Islamic teachings.

This study aims to apply rational emotive behavior counseling as an effort to reduce cheating behavior of high school students. The design of this study was conducted using a quasi experimental method approach with a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design research design. Data analysis techniques using Wilcoxon mached-pairs signed test, with the Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed) 0.028 <0.05, which shows a significant difference. The Z test value is -0.730 with the Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed) number 0.466, because of the Asymp.Sig (2-Tailed) value> 0.05, it can be concluded that there is no significant difference between the posttest value and the experimental group value with the control group, Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted which means that rational emotive behavior counseling is effective in reducing student cheating behavior. The study was carried out starting from January to March 2018, which took place at Darul Hikmah High School. Based on the results of the study, the researchers proposed several suggestions, among others (1) BK teachers, counseling rational emotive behavior can be applied by BK teachers to reduce student cheating behavior practically and can be easily applied; (2) for researchers furthermore, this research uses the pretest and posttest control group design research models, for the next researcher can use other research designs such as action research in BK, or other experimental research. References Andrestia, M. (2010). Pengaruh locus of control goal orientation terhadap cheating mahasiwa Fakultas Psikologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Skripsi. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Anitasari, L. (2012). Hubungan stres dan perilaku merokok pada remaja. Skripsi. Malang: Universitas Negeri Malang. Arabzadeh, S., Ameli, N., Zeinoddini, A., Rezaei, F., Farokhnia, M., Mohammadinejad, P., Ghaleiha, A., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2015). Celecoxib adjunctive therapy for acute bipolar mania: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Bipolar Disorders, 17(6), 606-614. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/bdi.12324 Bond, F. W., & Dryden, W. (1996). Why two central REBT hypotheses appear untestable. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 14(1), 29-40. Corey, G. (2015). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Canada: Nelson Education. Corey, G. (2012). Case approach to counseling and psychotherapy. Canada: Nelson Education. Dessy, D. A., Suranata, K. S., & Setuti, N. M. (2013). Penerapan konseling rasional emotif dengan teknik kognitif untuk meningkatkan self disclosure siswa kelas X. 6 SMA Negeri 1 Sukasada tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Jurnal Ilmiah Bimbingan Konseling Undiksha, 1(1), 1-10. https://ejournal.undiksha.ac.id/index.php/JJBK/issue/view/91 Dryden, W. (2014). Rational emotive behaviour therapy: Distinctive features. London: Routledge. Dryden, W. (2003). Reason to change: A rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) workbook. London: Routledge. Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (1993). How to design and evaluate research in education (Vol. 7). New York: McGraw-Hill. Habsy, B. A. (2017a). Model konseling kelompok cognitive behavior untuk meningkatkan self esteem siswa SMK. Perspektif Ilmu Pendidikan, 31(1), 21-35. doi: https://doi.org/10.21009/PIP.311.4 Habsy, B. A. (2017b). Filosofi ilmu bimbingan dan konseling indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori dan Praktik), 2(1), 1-11. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jp.v2n1.p1-11 Habsy, B. A. (2018a). Konseling rasional emotif perilaku: Sebuah tinjauan filosofis. Indonesian Journal of Educational Counseling, 2(1), 13-30. doi:https://doi.org/10.30653/001.201821.25 Habsy, B. A. (2018b). Model bimbingan kelompok PPPM untuk mengembangkan pikiran rasional korban bullying siswa SMK Etnis Jawa. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori dan Praktik), 2(2), 91-99. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jp.v2n2.p91-99 Hartanto, D. (2012). Bimbingan & konseling menyontek: Mengungkap akar masalah dan solusinya. Jakarta: Indeks. Hetherington, E. M., & Feldman, S. E. (1964). College cheating as a function of subject and situationalvariables. Journal of Educational Psychology, 55(4), 212. McCabe, M., & Ricciardelli, L. (2001). Parent, peer and media influences on body image and strategies to both increase and decrease body size among adolescent boys and girls. Adolescence, 36(142), 225-240. https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-79251794/parent-peer-and-mediainfluences-on-body-image-and Nurmayasari, K., & Murusdi, H. (2015). Hubungan antara Berpikir Positif dan Perilaku Menyontek pada Siswa Kelas X SMK Koperasi Yogyakarta. Empathy: Jurnal Fakultas Psikologi, 3(1), 8-15. http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/EMPATHY/ article/view/3009/1748 Santrock, J. W., & Curl, R. M. (2003). Adolescence (9th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Setyani, U. (2007). Hubungan antara konsep diri dengan intensi menyontek pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Semarang. Disertasi. Semarang: Universitas Diponegoro. Sujana, Y. E., & Wulan, R. (1994). Hubungan antara kecenderungan pusat kendali dengan intensi menyontek. Jurnal Psikologi, 21(1994). http://i-lib.ugm.ac.id/jurnal/download.php?dataId=4298 Taylor, K.R. (2003). Bracing for cheating and plagiarism. Diakses melalui https://www.eddigest.com/sub.php Permatasari, D., & Muka, J. R. (2017). Correlation between self–efficacy and cheating behavior onvocational high school students. Prosiding 8th ICLICE 2017. Valiente, C., Eisenberg, N., Haugen, R., Spinrad, T. L., Hofer, C., Liew, J., & Kupfer, A. (2011). Children’s efforftul control and academic achievement: Mediation through social functioning. Early Education and Development, 22(3), 411-433. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2010.505259

E-learning in Indonesia began in mid-nineties with the advent of internet preceded by information technology which was introduced in Indonesia in late 1970s and early19 80s. However, those elearning initiators hit hard by the economic and political crises which hit Indonesia in 1997s until early 21st century. Beginning the year 2000, many schools, especially senior high school, took the initiatives to conduct e-learning in their environments, in spite of the economic crises. Based on data available from the Department of national Education, a survey conducted toward high school Websites. A virtual visit and randomly selected physical visits to high schools situated in Jakarta, Yogyakarta (Central Java), Makassar (South Sulawesi) and Padang(West Sumatera) yielded result that those Websites mainly used for disseminating school profiles including name and address, principals and teaching staffs, facilities, extracurricular works etc, but none specially directed to e-learning materials. The research orientation changed to vocational high school with the assumption that the vocational high school graduates are geared toward working market hence the courses are directed to more practical application and subsequently can improved with e-learning activities. Based on data from National Library of Indonesia and Directorate of Vocational High School, purposive sampling was done. The criteria are (a) the school has conducted e-learning for at least five years; (b) agree to be interviewed; (c) has trained other schools on e-learning development; (d) own a school library (e) appointed by Directorate of Vocational High School as a pilot project (f) accessible economically from Jakarta so it is more convenient to visit. Using snowball method, from interview with Wikrama principal and teachers, yielded data on other vocational schools in many regions. Those vocational high schools are randomly selected, interviewed by volunteer researchers . The results are analysed and showed that e-learning in vocational high school is limited to facilities designed by the school such as commonly found in Intranet, the constraints mainly on physical infrastructure and e-learning spread because of lack of facilities from school library. The development of e-learning activities is separated from school library, a cause resulted from the wrong perception of the school principals. It is suggested that the development of e-learning should synchronised with school library because in the future, even right now, school library will developed into learning resource centres, in which e-learning is covered. However, it needs better understanding among school principals which in Indonesia who will decide the fate of school library, either like it or not.

Education is an absolute necessity in a country. The country needs quality education to build superior human resources. The decline in socio-economic aspects of society, moral decadence, low and unhappy quality of life is caused by the Indonesian education system has not been successful in efforts to build the nation. Minister of Education Nadiem Makarim initiated the concept of Independent Learning to revolutionize the education system in Indonesia. Islam has a strong educational direction and has not changed in the Qur’an. This study aims to determine the comparative study between the vision and objectives of Islamic education in QS. Al-Jumu'ah verse 2 with the vision of education of the Independent Learning program. The research method used is library research. Data analysis and comparison techniques are presented in the form of descriptive writing. The results showed that the purpose of Independent Learning education in the philosophical theory of progressivism & constructivism is the same as the goal of QS Islamic education. Al-Jumu'ah verse 2 in the interpretation of Al-Misbah. Meanwhile, the goal of Independent Learning in holistic humanistic philosophical theory is the same as At-Thabari's opinion in his book of interpretations. However, Independent Learning has not touched the aspect of religiosity as the vision of Islamic education stated by Ibn Katsir in his verse interpretation. Thus Independent Learning as a concept that determines the direction of Indonesian education is not perfect, because it has not included elements of religiosity in it, namely the vision of education in Islam. The vision deals with the balance between worldly and ukhrawi matters

This study intends to critically examine and analyze the process of national fiqh actualization in shaping an attitude of religious moderation. Bearing in mind, the problem of unity amidst differences is primary, so it must remain a serious concern to maintain the country’s resilience. The research method was qualitative with a library research approach, which collected a variety of relevant literature according to the topic of study. This study concludes that the concept of national fiqh has an orientation to unity and integrity in maintaining national sovereignty wrapped with nationalism. National fiqh’s relevance and religious moderation become a mutually reinforcing synergy because national fiqh seeks to build a nationalist humanistic paradigm to reduce differences. Then, the actualization of national fiqh in building Indonesia’s religious moderation is the appreciation of the teachings of Islam in a complex and contextualist manner, not merely normative or dogmatic, strengthened by the process of cultivating moderate, fair, tolerant, humanist, ethical, religious, and nationalist attitudes.

This study intends to critically examine and analyze the process of national fiqh actualization in shaping an attitude of religious moderation. Bearing in mind, the problem of unity amidst differences is primary, so it must remain a serious concern to maintain the country’s resilience. The research method was qualitative with a library research approach, which collected a variety of relevant literature according to the topic of study. This study concludes that the concept of national fiqh has an orientation to unity and integrity in maintaining national sovereignty wrapped with nationalism. National fiqh’s relevance and religious moderation become a mutually reinforcing synergy because national fiqh seeks to build a nationalist humanistic paradigm to reduce differences. Then, the actualization of national fiqh in building Indonesia’s religious moderation is the appreciation of the teachings of Islam in a complex and contextualist manner, not merely normative or dogmatic, strengthened by the process of cultivating moderate, fair, tolerant, humanist, ethical, religious, and nationalist attitudes.

AbstractPolitical culture is the pattern of individual behavior and orientation towards political life that is lived by the members of a system. Political culture is a citizen's perception that is actualized in the pattern of attitudes towards political problems and political events that occur so that it has an impact on the formation of the political structure and process of society and government because the political system is a relationship between humans which involves questions about rules, power, and also the authority they have. Thus the existence of political culture in Indonesia is very interesting to study. The method used in writing this journal is a qualitative method by conducting library research on political culture in Indonesia. The purpose of writing this journal is to describe the existence of political culture in Indonesia in accordance with the context, situation and objectives of political development in Indonesia.Key Word: Culture, government, politic, political culture, socialisation.AbstrakBudaya politik adalah pola tingkah laku indvidu dan orientasinya terhadap kehidupan politik yang dihayati oleh para anggota dari suatu sistem. Budaya politik merupakan persepssi warga negara yang diaktualisasikan dalam pola sikap terhadap masalah politik dan peristiwa politik yang terjadi sehingga berdampak terhadap pembentukan struktur dan proses politik. Masyarakat maupun pemerintahan karena sistem politik merupakan hubungan antar manusia yang menyangkut soal tentang aturan, kekuasaan, dan juga wewenang yang dimiliki. Dengan demikian eksistensi budaya politik di Indonesia sangat menarik untuk dikaji. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan jurnal ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan melakukan riset kepustakaan tentang budaya politik yang ada di Indonesia.Tujuan penulisan jurnal ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan eksistensi budaya politik di Indonesia sesuai dengan konteks, situasi dan tujuan pembangunan politik di Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Budaya, pemerintahan, politik, politik budaya, sosialisasi

The demand for Indonesian nurses to work abroad has increased over the last five years. The challenge is that the orientation of the nursing education curriculum in Indonesia is still local, not yet leading to international standards. As a result, only a small number of nurses passed the selection, the process is longer, and the recruitment cost is higher. Therefore, this review aims to identify the global need for Indonesian nurses and provide an overview of the importance of structured planning in terms of nursing education curriculum related to job opportunities overseas. The study grouped, allocated, organized, and used relevant library variations. Researchers conducted a literature study regarding the demand for Indonesian nurses, the development of education and curriculum from several sources such as the Ministry of Health, the Indonesian Migrant Workers and Protection Agency (BP2MI), the Ministry of Higher Education, World Health Organization (WHO), as well as the latest journals, from 2016 to 2021. The data were reviewed, analyzed and alternative solutions were identified. The analytical review shows the demands on Indonesian nurses keep on growing. The magnitude of this demand is an opportunity as well as challenges that need to be anticipated earlier in terms of the nursing education curriculum and the Government policymakers. Keywords: nursing education; global need of nursing; clinical practice; health policy maker

Purpose This study aims to examine the dynamics of traditional wayang kulit or shadow puppet knowledge management in a community-based enterprise (CBE) known as “Wisata Wayang” in Wukirsari Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study was adopted, which allows the author to explore the dynamics or uniqueness of an event or cultural phenomenon more deeply. Findings The shadow puppet is an artefact of Javanese culture with rich life philosophy and wisdom. It guides people the pursuit of harmony with themselves, others, the universe and God. The success of knowledge management of the shadow puppet at CBE was supported by the high entrepreneurial orientation of the administrators. This study showed that entrepreneurial orientation should be extended into sociopreneurial with additional aspects, including preservation mission and communality, promoting the emergence of grassroots innovations. The knowledge of shadow puppet craft in this village is passed through nyantrik, also known as apprenticeship. Originality/value No previous research has explored the dynamics of traditional knowledge management in the context of CBE in Indonesia. As Indonesia has rich traditional knowledge from hundreds of tribes and prominent communal cultures, this study of community-based knowledge management contributes new insights in the knowledge management literature.

AbstractReligious foundation is one of some alternative concepts of wealth distribution in Islam that has the most productivity more than other concept such as giving alms, bequest, inheritance, dying exhortation, even more than tithe concept with all it advantages. From prophet Muhammad era and also afterwards to this present time some countries that have realized religious foundation well and seriously able to fill their folks need in their overall aspects. They are Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Nation of Brunei and Malaysia. in Indonesia it always gets failure although considered that it’s conducted seriously, indeed up to now it likely can’t be felt the existence around society. By this library research writer wants to give some corrections and evaluations about religious foundation system in Indonesia with a great orientation just want to reestablish it. There are three obstacles in doing this concept here; the understanding of society about it productivity is not spread out yet, professionalism of NAZHIR (manager and management), and also the trust from society to government that always reduced more and more. For managing religious foundation with a great infestation and able to give the better alteration, so that, it’s needed five modals minimally; modal of legal, institutional and intellectual (thinker or conceptor), financial, social, and relational (either national or international connection). Key Word: Revitalization, Wakf, Productivity, Indonesia Wakaf merupakan salah satu alternatif dari berbagai konsep distribusi harta dalam Islam yang sudah terbukti paling produktif dari pada beberapa konsep yang lain, seperti shadaqah, infaq, hibah, wasiat, waris, bahkan dari pada konsep zakat pun infaq jauh lebih terbukti manfaatnya. Sejak masa Nabi dan beberapa masa setelahnya hingga sekarang beberapa Negara yang menerapkan wakaf dengan benar dan srius mampu menjawab kebutuhan rakyatnya dalam segala bidang. Negara-negara itu di antaranya Arab Saudi, Mesir, Brunai Darussalam dan Malaysia. Adapun di Indonesia sendiri meski sudah beberapa kali perwakafan mau digarap dengan srius, namun selalu saja gagal bahkan hingga sekarang belum terasa kehadirannya di tengah-tengah masyarakat. Melalui penelitian pustaka ini penulis memberikan koreksi dan mengevaluasi perjalanan perwakafan di Indonesia dengan tujuan ingin membangun kembali sistem perwakafan di Indonesia. Tercatat ada tiga kendala dalam pengelolaan wakaf di Indonesia, yaitu Pemahaman Masyarakat Tentang Wakaf Produktif belum merata, Profesionalisme Nazhir (pengelola wakaf dan manajeman yang digunakan), dan Kepercayaan Masyarakat Kepada Pemerintah yang kian menipis. Untuk mengelola wakaf dengan investasi yang melimpah dan bisa memberikan perubahan ke arah yang lebih baik, maka minimal membutuhkan 5 (lima) modal, yaitu; modal legal-institusional, Modal intelektual (pemikir dan penggagas), modal finansial (biaya), modal sosial (dukungan dari masyarakat), dan modal jaringan (kerjasama dengan berbagai macam lembaga baik nasional maupun internasional).

The proliferation of Internet has been another warning bell for conventional broadcast radio. Numbers of listener gradually shift to the new mean of media as it is more attractive and convenient for users. The situation drives radio managers to adapt with various ways. Developing audio podcast is among the strategy that has been growing in the United States and various countries in Europe, but not yet quite popular in Indonesia. Whereas the potential audience is quite large, since the growing number of commuters and fact that about 30% of total population is categorized as auditory learner. For such reason, this library research is conducted to explore the opportunities for audio podcast to develop in Indonesia, as well as content analysis of some of the most successful podcast provider sites. The results show that audio podcast optimization strategy includes the development of podcast materials with appropriate approach and content distribution with audience’s needs, wants, and ways of consuming audio content; as well as the compatibility of the content with the character and orientation of the media. In addition, this effort must also be accompanied by intensive campaigns through various way.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of extrinsic aspects of the technology acceptance model, namely, information quality, functionality, accessibility, user interface design, system quality, functionality, facilitating conditions and computer playfulness as well as intrinsic aspects, namely, perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment and learning goals. orientation on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use in the context of the learning management system (LMS) as a system to support employee learning and development. This study also analyzes the effect of perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness and analyzes the effect of these two variables on the intention to adopt a LMS. This study included 3,205 respondents who are employees of banking companies in Indonesia and who used the LMS for their learning and self-development needs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This research is a quantitative study that uses online surveys to collect data and partial least squares statistical tools to analyze survey data. Findings The results showed that accessibility alone had no effect on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, while enjoyment had no effect on the intention to use LMS and perceived ease of use and functionality had no effect on the intention to use LMS. Research limitations/implications This research focuses on the concept of technology acceptance with extrinsic and intrinsic aspects. This research context involves employees working in the banking sector with the adoption of the LMS. Practical implications LMS in banking companies can be optimized by providing online training and reducing the operational costs of employee training. By using LMS, companies can offer online courses to employees and track progress in distance learning, become a learning choice and information dissemination during the pandemic and also support future business continuity. Originality/value This study focuses on testing the technology adoption model on LMSs in the banking sector by adding extrinsic aspects, namely, system quality, facilitating conditioning, computer playfulness and user interface design, and combining intrinsic aspects, namely, perceived self-efficacy, enjoyment and learning goal orientation.

Revolusi merupakan perubahan yang ditimbulkan oleh aktivitas manusia dalam menjalankan tuntutan kebutuhan kehidupan. Proses aktivitas ini mempengaruhi sistem pendidikan yang akan dijalankan, pendidikan harus mampu membekali peserta didik dengan keterampilan mencari, menyimpulkan, menyampaikan, serta tata cara menggunakan informasi dan teknologi. Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 membawa tuntutan tersendiri bagi dunia pendidikan, lembaga pendidikan harus mempersiapkan literasi dan orientasi baru dalam bidang pendidikan, literasi baru itu sendiri berupa literasi data, teknologi dan sumber daya manusia. Rumusan masalah dalam artikel adalah bagaimana pendidikan dan peran guru era revolusi industri 4.0, dengan menggunakan library research. Pendidikan era revolusi industri 4.0 dengan meningkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan sumber daya manusia, adaptasi dan pembaharuan dalam komponen pendidikan, peningkatan kompetensi dan keterampilan pendidik dengan keterlibatan teknologi pada proses pembelajaran. Kurikulum harus mampu melengkapi kemampuan peserta didik yang dapat berkontribusi secara langsung di masyarakat, mengarah dan membentuk siswa yang siap menghadapi era revolusi industri dengan penekanan pada bidang Science, Technology, Engineering, dan Mathematics (STEM). Reorientasi pengembangan kurikulum yang mengacu pada pembelajaran berbasis TIK, internet of things, big data dan komputerisasi untuk menghasilkan lulusan yang mampu bersaing di era global. Sekolah dan pendidik dalam memutuskan bagaimana pendidikan dan pembelajaran diselenggarakan, guru harus memiliki softskill yang kuat dan menciptakan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa (student centered learning), pembelajaran kolaboratif (collaborative learning), pembelajaran penuh makna, dan terintegrasi dengan masyarakat.AbstractRevolution is a change caused by human activity in carrying out the demands of life. The process of this activity affects the education system that will be run. Education must be able to equip students with the skills to search, conclude, convey, and procedures for using information and technology. The Industrial Revolution 4.0 era brings its demands to the world of education. Educational institutions must prepare new literacy and orientations in the field of education, new literacy itself in the form of data literacy, technology, and human resources. The formulation of the problem in the article is how the education and role of teachers in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, using library research. Education in the industrial revolution 4.0 era by increasing the capabilities and skills of human resources, adaptation, and renewal in the education component, increasing the competence and skills of educators with the involvement of technology in the learning process. The curriculum must be able to complement the abilities of students who can contribute directly to society, lead, and shape students who are ready to face the industrial revolution era with an emphasis on the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM). Reorient curriculum development that refers to ICT-based learning, the internet of things, big data, and computerization to produce graduates who can compete in the global era. In deciding how education and learning are organized, schools and educators must have strong soft skills and create student-centered learning, collaborative learning, meaningful learning, and integration with the community.

On May 18, 2003, the Australian Minister for Education, Brendon Nelson, appeared on the Channel Nine Sunday programme. The Yoda of political journalism, Laurie Oakes, attacked him personally and professionally. He disclosed to viewers that the Minister for Education, Science and Training had suffered a false start in his education, enrolling in one semester of an economics degree that was never completed. The following year, he commenced a medical qualification and went on to become a practicing doctor. He did not pay fees for any of his University courses. When reminded of these events, Dr Nelson became agitated, and revealed information not included in the public presentation of the budget of that year, including a ‘cap’ on HECS-funded places of five years for each student. He justified such a decision with the cliché that Australia’s taxpayers do not want “professional students completing degree after degree.” The Minister confirmed that the primary – and perhaps the only – task for university academics was to ‘train’ young people for the workforce. The fact that nearly 50% of students in some Australian Universities are over the age of twenty five has not entered his vision. He wanted young people to complete a rapid degree and enter the workforce, to commence paying taxes and the debt or loan required to fund a full fee-paying place. Now – nearly two years after this interview and with the Howard government blessed with a new mandate – it is time to ask how this administration will order education and value teaching and learning. The curbing of the time available to complete undergraduate courses during their last term in office makes plain the Australian Liberal Government’s stance on formal, publicly-funded lifelong learning. The notion that a student/worker can attain all required competencies, skills, attributes, motivations and ambitions from a single degree is an assumption of the new funding model. It is also significant to note that while attention is placed on the changing sources of income for universities, there have also been major shifts in the pattern of expenditure within universities, focusing on branding, marketing, recruitment, ‘regional’ campuses and off-shore courses. Similarly, the short-term funding goals of university research agendas encourage projects required by industry, rather than socially inflected concerns. There is little inevitable about teaching, research and education in Australia, except that the Federal Government will not create a fully-funded model for lifelong learning. The task for those of us involved in – and committed to – education in this environment is to probe the form and rationale for a (post) publicly funded University. This short paper for the ‘order’ issue of M/C explores learning and teaching within our current political and economic order. Particularly, I place attention on the synergies to such an order via phrases like the knowledge economy and the creative industries. To move beyond the empty promises of just-in-time learning, on-the-job training, graduate attributes and generic skills, we must reorder our assumptions and ask difficult questions of those who frame the context in which education takes place. For the term of your natural life Learning is a big business. Whether discussing the University of the Third Age, personal development courses, self help bestsellers or hard-edged vocational qualifications, definitions of learning – let alone education – are expanding. Concurrent with this growth, governments are reducing centralized funding and promoting alternative revenue streams. The diversity of student interests – or to use the language of the time, client’s learning goals – is transforming higher education into more than the provision of undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. The expansion of the student body beyond the 18-25 age group and the desire to ‘service industry’ has reordered the form and purpose of formal education. The number of potential students has expanded extraordinarily. As Lee Bash realized Today, some estimates suggest that as many as 47 percent of all students enrolled in higher education are over 25 years old. In the future, as lifelong learning becomes more integrated into the fabric of our culture, the proportion of adult students is expected to increase. And while we may not yet realize it, the academy is already being transformed as a result. (35) Lifelong learning is the major phrase and trope that initiates and justifies these changes. Such expansive economic opportunities trigger the entrepreneurial directives within universities. If lifelong learning is taken seriously, then the goals, entry standards, curriculum, information management policies and assessments need to be challenged and changed. Attention must be placed on words and phrases like ‘access’ and ‘alternative entry.’ Even more consideration must be placed on ‘outcomes’ and ‘accountability.’ Lifelong learning is a catchphrase for a change in purpose and agenda. Courses are developed from a wide range of education providers so that citizens can function in, or at least survive, the agitation of the post-work world. Both neo-liberal and third way models of capitalism require the labeling and development of an aspirational class, a group who desires to move ‘above’ their current context. Such an ambiguous economic and social goal always involves more than the vocational education and training sector or universities, with the aim being to seamlessly slot education into a ‘lifestyle.’ The difficulties with this discourse are two-fold. Firstly, how effectively can these aspirational notions be applied and translated into a real family and a real workplace? Secondly, does this scheme increase the information divide between rich and poor? There are many characteristics of an effective lifelong learner including great personal motivation, self esteem, confidence and intellectual curiosity. In a double shifting, change-fatigued population, the enthusiasm for perpetual learning may be difficult to summon. With the casualization of the post-Fordist workplace, it is no surprise that policy makers and employers are placing the economic and personal responsibility for retraining on individual workers. Instead of funding a training scheme in the workplace, there has been a devolving of skill acquisition and personal development. Through the twentieth century, and particularly after 1945, education was the track to social mobility. The difficulty now – with degree inflation and the loss of stable, secure, long-term employment – is that new modes of exclusion and disempowerment are being perpetuated through the education system. Field recognized that “the new adult education has been embraced most enthusiastically by those who are already relatively well qualified.” (105) This is a significant realization. Motivation, meta-learning skills and curiosity are increasingly being rewarded when found in the already credentialed, empowered workforce. Those already in work undertake lifelong learning. Adult education operates well for members of the middle class who are doing well and wish to do better. If success is individualized, then failure is also cast on the self, not the social system or policy. The disempowered are blamed for their own conditions and ‘failures.’ The concern, through the internationalization of the workforce, technological change and privatization of national assets, is that failure in formal education results in social exclusion and immobility. Besides being forced into classrooms, there are few options for those who do not wish to learn, in a learning society. Those who ‘choose’ not be a part of the national project of individual improvement, increased market share, company competitiveness and international standards are not relevant to the economy. But there is a personal benefit – that may have long term political consequences – from being ‘outside’ society. Perhaps the best theorist of the excluded is not sourced from a University, but from the realm of fictional writing. Irvine Welsh, author of the landmark Trainspotting, has stated that What we really need is freedom from choice … People who are in work have no time for anything else but work. They have no mental space to accommodate anything else but work. Whereas people who are outside the system will always find ways of amusing themselves. Even if they are materially disadvantaged they’ll still find ways of coping, getting by and making their own entertainment. (145-6) A blurring of work and learning, and work and leisure, may seem to create a borderless education, a learning framework uninhibited by curriculum, assessment or power structures. But lifelong learning aims to place as many (national) citizens as possible in ‘the system,’ striving for success or at least a pay increase which will facilitate the purchase of more consumer goods. Through any discussion of work-place training and vocationalism, it is important to remember those who choose not to choose life, who choose something else, who will not follow orders. Everybody wants to work The great imponderable for complex economic systems is how to manage fluctuations in labour and the market. The unstable relationship between need and supply necessitates flexibility in staffing solutions, and short-term supplementary labour options. When productivity and profit are the primary variables through which to judge successful management, then the alignments of education and employment are viewed and skewed through specific ideological imperatives. The library profession is an obvious occupation that has confronted these contradictions. It is ironic that the occupation that orders knowledge is experiencing a volatile and disordered workplace. In the past, it had been assumed that librarians hold a degree while technicians do not, and that technicians would not be asked to perform – unsupervised – the same duties as librarians. Obviously, such distinctions are increasingly redundant. Training packages, structured through competency-based training principles, have ensured technicians and librarians share knowledge systems which are taught through incremental stages. Mary Carroll recognized the primary questions raised through this change. If it is now the case that these distinctions have disappeared do we need to continue to draw them between professional and para-professional education? Does this mean that all sectors of the education community are in fact learning/teaching the same skills but at different levels so that no unique set of skills exist? (122) With education reduced to skills, thereby discrediting generalist degrees, the needs of industry have corroded the professional standards and stature of librarians. Certainly, the abilities of library technicians are finally being valued, but it is too convenient that one of the few professions dominated by women has suffered a demeaning of knowledge into competency. Lifelong learning, in this context, has collapsed high level abilities in information management into bite sized chunks of ‘skills.’ The ideology of lifelong learning – which is rarely discussed – is that it serves to devalue prior abilities and knowledges into an ever-expanding imperative for ‘new’ skills and software competencies. For example, ponder the consequences of Hitendra Pillay and Robert Elliott’s words: The expectations inherent in new roles, confounded by uncertainty of the environment and the explosion of information technology, now challenge us to reconceptualise human cognition and develop education and training in a way that resonates with current knowledge and skills. (95) Neophilliacal urges jut from their prose. The stress on ‘new roles,’ and ‘uncertain environments,’ the ‘explosion of information technology,’ ‘challenges,’ ‘reconceptualisations,’ and ‘current knowledge’ all affirms the present, the contemporary, and the now. Knowledge and expertise that have taken years to develop, nurture and apply are not validated through this educational brief. The demands of family, work, leisure, lifestyle, class and sexuality stretch the skin taut over economic and social contradictions. To ease these paradoxes, lifelong learning should stress pedagogy rather than applications, and context rather than content. Put another way, instead of stressing the link between (gee wizz) technological change and (inevitable) workplace restructuring and redundancies, emphasis needs to be placed on the relationship between professional development and verifiable technological outcomes, rather than spruiks and promises. Short term vocationalism in educational policy speaks to the ordering of our public culture, requiring immediate profits and a tight dialogue between education and work. Furthering this logic, if education ‘creates’ employment, then it also ‘creates’ unemployment. Ironically, in an environment that focuses on the multiple identities and roles of citizens, students are reduced to one label – ‘future workers.’ Obviously education has always been marinated in the political directives of the day. The industrial revolution introduced a range of technical complexities to the workforce. Fordism necessitated that a worker complete a task with precision and speed, requiring a high tolerance of stress and boredom. Now, more skills are ‘assumed’ by employers at the time that workplaces are off-loading their training expectations to the post-compulsory education sector. Therefore ‘lifelong learning’ is a political mask to empower the already empowered and create a low-level skill base for low paid workers, with the promise of competency-based training. Such ideologies never need to be stated overtly. A celebration of ‘the new’ masks this task. Not surprisingly therefore, lifelong learning has a rich new life in ordering creative industries strategies and frameworks. Codifying the creative The last twenty years have witnessed an expanding jurisdiction and justification of the market. As part of Tony Blair’s third way, the creative industries and the knowledge economy became catchwords to demonstrate that cultural concerns are not only economically viable but a necessity in the digital, post-Fordist, information age. Concerns with intellectual property rights, copyright, patents, and ownership of creative productions predominate in such a discourse. Described by Charles Leadbeater as Living on Thin Air, this new economy is “driven by new actors of production and sources of competitive advantage – innovation, design, branding, know-how – which are at work on all industries.” (10) Such market imperatives offer both challenges and opportunity for educationalists and students. Lifelong learning is a necessary accoutrement to the creative industries project. Learning cities and communities are the foundations for design, music, architecture and journalism. In British policy, and increasingly in Queensland, attention is placed on industry-based research funding to address this changing environment. In 2000, Stuart Cunningham and others listed the eight trends that order education, teaching and learning in this new environment. The Changes to the Provision of Education Globalization The arrival of new information and communication technologies The development of a knowledge economy, shortening the time between the development of new ideas and their application. The formation of learning organizations User-pays education The distribution of knowledge through interactive communication technologies (ICT) Increasing demand for education and training Scarcity of an experienced and trained workforce Source: S. Cunningham, Y. Ryan, L. Stedman, S. Tapsall, K. Bagdon, T. Flew and P. Coaldrake. The Business of Borderless Education. Canberra: DETYA Evaluation and Investigations Program [EIP], 2000. This table reverberates with the current challenges confronting education. Mobilizing such changes requires the lubrication of lifelong learning tropes in university mission statements and the promotion of a learning culture, while also acknowledging the limited financial conditions in which the educational sector is placed. For university scholars facilitating the creative industries approach, education is “supplying high value-added inputs to other enterprises,” (Hartley and Cunningham 5) rather than having value or purpose beyond the immediately and applicably economic. The assumption behind this table is that the areas of expansion in the workforce are the creative and service industries. In fact, the creative industries are the new service sector. This new economy makes specific demands of education. Education in the ‘old economy’ and the ‘new economy’ Old Economy New Economy Four-year degree Forty-year degree Training as a cost Training as a source of competitive advantage Learner mobility Content mobility Distance education Distributed learning Correspondence materials with video Multimedia centre Fordist training – one size fits all Tailored programmes Geographically fixed institutions Brand named universities and celebrity professors Just-in-case Just-in-time Isolated learners Virtual learning communities Source: T. Flew. “Educational Media in Transition: Broadcasting, Digital Media and Lifelong Learning in the Knowledge Economy.” International Journal of Instructional Media 29.1 (2002): 20. There are myriad assumptions lurking in Flew’s fascinating table. The imperative is short courses on the web, servicing the needs of industry. He described the product of this system as a “learner-earner.” (50) This ‘forty year degree’ is based on lifelong learning ideologies. However Flew’s ideas are undermined by the current government higher education agenda, through the capping – through time – of courses. The effect on the ‘learner-earner’ in having to earn more to privately fund a continuance of learning – to ensure that they keep on earning – needs to be addressed. There will be consequences to the housing market, family structures and leisure time. The costs of education will impact on other sectors of the economy and private lives. Also, there is little attention to the groups who are outside this taken-for-granted commitment to learning. Flew noted that barriers to greater participation in education and training at all levels, which is a fundamental requirement of lifelong learning in the knowledge economy, arise in part out of the lack of provision of quality technology-mediated learning, and also from inequalities of access to ICTs, or the ‘digital divide.’ (51) In such a statement, there is a misreading of teaching and learning. Such confusion is fuelled by the untheorised gap between ‘student’ and ‘consumer.’ The notion that technology (which in this context too often means computer-mediated platforms) is a barrier to education does not explain why conventional distance education courses, utilizing paper, ink and postage, were also unable to welcome or encourage groups disengaged from formal learning. Flew and others do not confront the issue of motivation, or the reason why citizens choose to add or remove the label of ‘student’ from their bag of identity labels. The stress on technology as both a panacea and problem for lifelong learning may justify theories of convergence and the integration of financial, retail, community, health and education provision into a services sector, but does not explain why students desire to learn, beyond economic necessity and employer expectations. Based on these assumptions of expanding creative industries and lifelong learning, the shape of education is warping. An ageing population requires educational expenditure to be reallocated from primary and secondary schooling and towards post-compulsory learning and training. This cost will also be privatized. When coupled with immigration flows, technological changes and alterations to market and labour structures, lifelong learning presents a profound and personal cost. An instrument for economic and social progress has been individualized, customized and privatized. The consequence of the ageing population in many nations including Australia is that there will be fewer young people in schools or employment. Such a shift will have consequences for the workplace and the taxation system. Similarly, those young workers who remain will be far more entrepreneurial and less loyal to their employers. Public education is now publically-assisted education. Jane Jenson and Denis Saint-Martin realized the impact of this change. The 1980s ideological shift in economic and social policy thinking towards policies and programmes inspired by neo-liberalism provoked serious social strains, especially income polarization and persistent poverty. An increasing reliance on market forces and the family for generating life-chances, a discourse of ‘responsibility,’ an enthusiasm for off-loading to the voluntary sector and other altered visions of the welfare architecture inspired by neo-liberalism have prompted a reaction. There has been a wide-ranging conversation in the 1990s and the first years of the new century in policy communities in Europe as in Canada, among policy makers who fear the high political, social and economic costs of failing to tend to social cohesion. (78) There are dense social reorderings initiated by neo-liberalism and changing the notions of learning, teaching and education. There are yet to be tracked costs to citizenship. The legacy of the 1980s and 1990s is that all organizations must behave like businesses. In such an environment, there are problems establishing social cohesion, let alone social justice. To stress the product – and not the process – of education contradicts the point of lifelong learning. Compliance and complicity replace critique. (Post) learning The Cold War has ended. The great ideological battle between communism and Western liberal democracy is over. Most countries believe both in markets and in a necessary role for Government. There will be thunderous debates inside nations about the balance, but the struggle for world hegemony by political ideology is gone. What preoccupies decision-makers now is a different danger. It is extremism driven by fanaticism, personified either in terrorist groups or rogue states. Tony Blair (http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page6535.asp) Tony Blair, summoning his best Francis Fukuyama impersonation, signaled the triumph of liberal democracy over other political and economic systems. His third way is unrecognizable from the Labour party ideals of Clement Attlee. Probably his policies need to be. Yet in his second term, he is not focused on probing the specificities of the market-orientation of education, health and social welfare. Instead, decision makers are preoccupied with a war on terror. Such a conflict seemingly justifies large defense budgets which must be at the expense of social programmes. There is no recognition by Prime Ministers Blair or Howard that ‘high-tech’ armory and warfare is generally impotent to the terrorist’s weaponry of cars, bodies and bombs. This obvious lesson is present for them to see. After the rapid and successful ‘shock and awe’ tactics of Iraq War II, terrorism was neither annihilated nor slowed by the Coalition’s victory. Instead, suicide bombers in Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Indonesia and Israel snuck have through defenses, requiring little more than a car and explosives. More Americans have been killed since the war ended than during the conflict. Wars are useful when establishing a political order. They sort out good and evil, the just and the unjust. Education policy will never provide the ‘big win’ or the visible success of toppling Saddam Hussein’s statue. The victories of retraining, literacy, competency and knowledge can never succeed on this scale. As Blair offered, “these are new times. New threats need new measures.” (ht tp://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page6535.asp) These new measures include – by default – a user pays education system. In such an environment, lifelong learning cannot succeed. It requires a dense financial commitment in the long term. A learning society requires a new sort of war, using ideas not bullets. References Bash, Lee. “What Serving Adult Learners Can Teach Us: The Entrepreneurial Response.” Change January/February 2003: 32-7. Blair, Tony. “Full Text of the Prime Minister’s Speech at the Lord Mayor’s Banquet.” November 12, 2002. http://www.number-10.gov.uk/output/Page6535.asp. Carroll, Mary. “The Well-Worn Path.” The Australian Library Journal May 2002: 117-22. Field, J. Lifelong Learning and the New Educational Order. Stoke on Trent: Trentham Books, 2000. Flew, Terry. “Educational Media in Transition: Broadcasting, Digital Media and Lifelong Learning in the Knowledge Economy.” International Journal of Instructional Media 29.1 (2002): 47-60. Hartley, John, and Cunningham, Stuart. “Creative Industries – from Blue Poles to Fat Pipes.” Department of Education, Science and Training, Commonwealth of Australia (2002). Jenson, Jane, and Saint-Martin, Denis. “New Routes to Social Cohesion? Citizenship and the Social Investment State.” Canadian Journal of Sociology 28.1 (2003): 77-99. Leadbeater, Charles. Living on Thin Air. London: Viking, 1999. Pillay, Hitendra, and Elliott, Robert. “Distributed Learning: Understanding the Emerging Workplace Knowledge.” Journal of Interactive Learning Research 13.1-2 (2002): 93-107. Welsh, Irvine, from Redhead, Steve. “Post-Punk Junk.” Repetitive Beat Generation. Glasgow: Rebel Inc, 2000: 138-50. Citation reference for this article MLA Style Brabazon, Tara. "Freedom from Choice: Who Pays for Customer Service in the Knowledge Economy?." M/C Journal 7.6 (2005). echo date('d M. Y'); ?> <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0501/02-brabazon.php>. APA Style Brabazon, T. (Jan. 2005) "Freedom from Choice: Who Pays for Customer Service in the Knowledge Economy?," M/C Journal, 7(6). Retrieved echo date('d M. Y'); ?> from <http://journal.media-culture.org.au/0501/02-brabazon.php>.