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1
Whaley, J. "Professional ethics and librarians." Library Acquisitions: Practice & Theory 10, no. 2 (January 1986): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0364-6408(86)90058-x.
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Kroah, Larry A. "Professional Ethics and Librarians (Book Review)." College & Research Libraries 47, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl_47_02_188.
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Holleman, Peggy. "Professional Ethics and Community College Librarians." Community & Junior College Libraries 6, no. 2 (November 28, 1989): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j107v06n02_01.
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Smith, Angela, Frances Guinness, Glynis Jones, David Wong-See, and Jennifer Nielsen. "HLA Professional Development in 2022." Journal of Health Information and Libraries Australasia 3, no. 3 (January 5, 2023): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55999/johila.v3i3.131.
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The highlight of the 2022 Health Libraries Australia professional development program was the return of our face-to-face conference. Held at Westmead Hospital over two days in November, the event saw approximately 100 participants gather to hear from guest speakers and health librarians around the theme of Transformations.
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Hoel, Tore, Weiqin Chen, and Anne-Berit Gregersen. "Are Norwegian Librarians ready to share Library Data to improve Learning?" Nordic Journal of Information Literacy in Higher Education 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/noril.v10i1.269.
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University libraries offer services that generate data about how students and faculty use knowledge sources and engage with teaching and learning. In an era of Big Data there is mounting pressure to use these data, something that challenges the professional ethics of librarians. This paper explores how Norwegian librarians position themselves in relation to the new phenomenon of learning analytics, which would like to process library data to help improve learning and its contexts. A literature review shows that librarians in general are highly sceptical to let any information that is not anonymised out of their hands to be used by other professions. However, library data is increasingly being shared with third parties as part of development of library systems and practices. In a survey presented in this paper Norwegian librarians were asked about their willingness to take part in analytics and data sharing. The findings show that even if librarians in general do not want to share data that reveals personal information, their resistance will depend on the consent of the students, and to which degree librarians themselves are involved in processing and analysis of the data. This study identifies learning analytics as a field the library community should engage with, and the authors give their advice on what should be focussed to sustain librarians’ professional ethics related to use of library data.
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Gordon-Till, Jonathan. "A Code of Ethics for BIALL?" Legal Information Management 3, no. 1 (2003): 38–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001687.
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In recent years BIALL has informally addressed the question of a Code of Ethics for its members. Discussions have taken place in the Professional Standards and Development Committee, and the issue has been raised cursorily by Council in its occasional meetings. Hitherto, however, there has been no attempt at formally addressing the question of ethics specifically for law librarians in the UK or the Republic of Ireland.
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Trepanier, Cheryl, Ali Shiri, and Toni Samek. "An examination of IFLA and Data Science Association ethical codes." IFLA Journal 45, no. 4 (May 31, 2019): 289–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0340035219849614.
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This paper compares the 2012 International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions’ Code of Ethics for Librarians and Other Information Workers and the 2013 Data Science Association’s Data Science Code of Professional Conduct and discusses the disjuncture and related considerations that might strengthen practical understandings of the implications of ethics in library and information professional practice. This paper cautions against conflating a data scientist’s ethical framework with those of the traditional librarian and supports the development of a more robust framework for library and information ethics and a more comprehensive and inclusive framework for thinking about and conceptualizing data ethics.
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Nurfitria, Dheani. "PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PERPUSTAKAAN DAN SAINS INFORMASI UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA ANGKATAN 2019 TERHADAP IMPLEMENTASI KODE ETIK PUSTAKAWAN." Fihris: Jurnal Ilmu Perpustakaan dan Informasi 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/fhrs.2021.161.96-107.
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Starting in 1988, the Indonesian government has authorized the librarian profession to become a functional position. Functional positions are regulated gradually, and finally with the decision of KEMENPAN RB 132/KEP/M.PAN/12/2002 concerning Functional Librarians. As a profession that the state has recognized, librarians must be responsible for all actions both of fellow librarian professions, organizations, and to themselves. Each member of the Indonesian Librarian Association is responsible for implementing the code of ethics in the highest standards for the needs of users, professions, libraries, professional organizations, and the community. Librarians must not only know about the librarian’s code of ethics, but librarians must also implement it. The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of students class of the 2019 library and information science study program on the importance of implementing the librarian code of ethics. Later, it can provide knowledge to libraries, especially in Indonesia about the importance of implementing a librarian code of ethics. The method used in this study is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The results showed that students of library and information science study program class of 2019 Indonesian Educational University strongly agreed to implement the librarian code of ethics according to IPI with results above 85%. The implementation of the code of ethics will impact the library and the librarian for the achievement of the shared goals of the library.
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Antika, Dini, and Malta Nelisa. "Implementasi Kode Etik Pustakawan di Perpustakaan Umum Daerah Kabupaten Tanah Datar." Ilmu Informasi Perpustakaan dan Kearsipan 8, no. 1 (October 29, 2019): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/107332-0934.
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Abstract The purpose of writing this paper is (1) Describe how the librarian's code of ethics is implemented in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (2) Knowing the relationship between librarians and visitors in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (3) Describe the relationship between librarians and fellow librarians in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (4) Knowing the relationship between librarians and their service to libraries in the Tanah Datar District Public Library; (5) Knowing the relationship between librarians working in the Tanah Datar District Public Library and professional organizations; (6) Describe the relationship of librarians working in the Tanah Datar District Public Library with the community in the library. Writing this paper uses descriptive research methods. Data is collected based on interviews with librarians and visitors. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded as follows. First in achieving excellence librarians participate in activities in the library field. Librarians consider decisions professionally by choosing activities about library science. The advantage gained by librarians in serving users is inner satisfaction, lots of acquaintances and motivation to read. Second, librarians serve visitors who come to the library fairly. Scientific works can only be read in the library. Third, librarians achieve excellence in the profession by attending library science training. In establishing relationships with colleagues in the library, a small number of librarians have not been able to establish good relationships with colleagues in the library and question the differences that occur. Fourth, librarians attend training whose knowledge can be utilized for library development. Librarians collaborate with reading parks, and all types of libraries. Fifth, librarians never pay any fees in the library because the activities to be carried out at the library are funded by the local government. Most librarians can distinguish between personal life views and professional needs. Sixth, librarians work with communities in library fields such as literacy tree houses and reading parks established by students. Librarians contribute to the development of culture in the community in the form of a mobile library that can be utilized by the community.Keywords: implementation; librarians; code of ethics.
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McLure, Merinda, and Caroline Sinkinson. "Caring for students in postsecondary open educational resource (OER) and open education initiatives: inviting student participation and voice." Reference Services Review 48, no. 3 (August 13, 2020): 473–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rsr-03-2020-0018.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine librarians’ professional motivations and theoretical perspectives to attend to care and student voice, as they pursue open educational resource (OER) initiatives in higher education. Design/methodology/approach The authors examine OER initiatives that serve as models for their work at the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), describe how they have attended to care and student voice in their work to date and reflect on how they hope to continue to do so in their future OER initiatives. Findings The authors find connections between theoretical perspectives for care in education and the values and ethics of both the open education movement and librarianship. They propose that these connections provide a foundation for librarians to align their professional motivations and practices in support of learning. The authors provide examples of OER programming that attend to care and student voice and offer related strategies for practitioners to consider. Originality/value Librarians at many post-secondary institutions provide critical advocacy and support the adoption, adaptation and creation of OER in higher education. Theories of care, values and ethics in the open education movement and librarianship provide a foundation for librarians to attend to care and elevate student voice as they undertake OER advocacy and initiatives.
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Marlinda and Thoriq Tri Prabowo. "Kesiapan Kompetensi Profesional Pustakawan dalam Pembangunan dan Pengembangan iKuansing di Dispersip Kuansing." LIGHT : Journal of Librarianship and Information Science 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/light.v2i1.4939.
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This study aims to determine the readiness of the professional competence of librarians in the development and development of iKuansing in the Dispersip Kuansing. The results of this study are presented in accordance with Sudarsono's theory, namely the readiness of the professional competence of librarians. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative research method with data collection techniques of observation, interviews and documentation. In this study, researchers used data analysis techniques through three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and verification/drawing conclusions. To test the credibility of the data, triangulation technique was used. The result of this research is qualitative research. Data analysis is descriptive. The research subject is the iKuansing application, staff and librarians at Dispersip money. The object of this research is the readiness of the librarian's professional competence in the development and development of iKuansing. The results of this study are the iKuansing in the Dispersip Kuansing consisting of 10 indicators, according to the informant's perception 8 of the competencies already possessed by the librarian are: librarians have been able to create and manage efficient digital technology, librarians are able to monitor, filter, and select up-to-date, librarians have knowledge and management skills of Pusdokinfo, librarians are able to provide user education, librarians use information technology for information distribution, librarians able to develop information products that can be used anywhere, librarians are able to continuously update information services, librarians are able to understand the ethics of cyberspace already owned by librarians. Meanwhile, there are two indicators that do not have readiness, namely: librarians have not been able to assess the needs of users on a regular basis because librarians have not provided space for users to provide input and suggestions as evaluation material for librarians and libraries. Librarians have not been able to communicate information services to the leadership because iKuansing is an activity program that has been designed by the library planning department.
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Luo, Lili. "For Your Enrichment: Ethical Issues in Reference: An In-Depth View from the Librarians’ Perspective." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 3 (March 24, 2016): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n3.188.
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It is always good to reflect occasionally on professional ethics and the implications of those ethics in library practice. In this paper, based on a presentation given by the author at the 2014 IFLA satellite meeting “Ethical Dilemmas in the Information Society: How Codes of Ethics Help to Find Ethical Solutions,” August 14–15, 2014, Lili Luo examines some ethical issues addressed in contemporary reference work and reports on the results of a survey of reference librarians.—Editor
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Garnar, Martin. "Professional Principles and Ethics in LIS Graduate Curricula." Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy 1, no. 2-3 (December 30, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v1i2-3.6166.
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As a degree, the master of library science is regularly questioned as to whether it is still effective as preparation for professional roles in the field. Concerns range from a lack of technical proficiency and practical skills in graduates to whether a graduate degree is even necessary to be a librarian. Defenders of the degree talk about the theoretical foundation given to graduates of library and information science (LIS) programs, including a grounding in the principles and values that undergird the professional work of a librarian. If that is one of the primary justifications of the degree, then it is important to understand how those principles and values, including professional ethics, are taught in library and information science programs. More than twenty years have elapsed since Shelley Rogers conducted a comprehensive review of ethics education in LIS program, so the American Library Association’s Committee on Professional Ethics decided to undertake a survey of all accredited LIS programs to ascertain the current state of ethics education in graduate programs, compare it to historical approaches, and discover how the committee can best use its resources to support the teaching of ethics to future librarians.
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Stoytcheva, Sveta. "Steven Salaita, the Critical Importance of Context, and Our Professional Ethics." Canadian Journal of Academic Librarianship 1 (January 28, 2016): 92–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/cjal-rcbu.v1.24309.
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Shared professional ethics are an important aspect of North American librarianship; these ethics highlight values including diversity, social responsibility, and intellectual freedom. However, these values are contested, politically charged signifiers that are often in conflict. This paper proposes an “ethics of contingency” for librarianship that acknowledges that our values are contextually bound and negotiated and explicitly draws attention to power. As a case study, the paper considers Steven Salaita’s dismissal from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in the context of institutional oppression—a context that has been under-examined in discussions of the case within librarianship. Interrogating the issue through these lenses can help illuminate the stakes of this debate, and others like it, for our work as academic librarians.
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Kaihoi, Scott. "Christian Librarians and the Ethics of the Library Bill of Rights." Theological Librarianship 8, no. 1 (February 18, 2015): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31046/tl.v8i1.353.
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This study is the follow up to a pilot study entitled “Christian Librarians and the Library Bill of Rights: a survey of opinions and professional practice” published in the Spring 2014 issue of The Christian Librarian. Using an online survey, it sought to discover how librarians working in a variety of contexts who self-identified as Christians responded to the ALA’s ethical standards as embodied in the Library Bill of Rights. The results showed general support for the Library Bill of Rights and its ethics, though a majority of respondents had at least some way in which they adhered to the Library Bill of Rights less than fully, and a significant minority (around 40%) had areas in which they differed with its ethics, usually in the form of feeling that certain types of content (e.g., pornography, harmful materials, etc.) could or should be limited. The responses in this survey would seem to support the notion that many Christian librarians do sometimes perceive a need to place the value of defending what they perceive to be true and right above the call to remain professionally impartial about certain kinds of content.
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Titilope, Afolayan Oluyinka. "Ethical Issues in Library and Information Science Profession in Nigeria: An Appraisal." International Journal of Library and Information Services 6, no. 2 (July 2017): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijlis.2017070102.
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Library and information science professional play an extremely important role in the society. However, in discharging their responsibilities and duties, core ethical principles are expected to be upheld by librarians and information workers as outlined in the professional codes of ethics. The aim of this paper is to appraise core ethical issues in library and information science profession in Nigeria. This paper discusses core ethical principle in library and information science profession such as universal access to information, intellectual property rights, intellectual freedom, copyright/fair use and privacy/confidentiality among others. This paper further identified ethical challenges confronting library and information science professionals in Nigeria. This paper concludes that regardless of the ethical challenges confronting library and information science professionals in Nigeria, the professional codes of ethics should be upheld.
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Pegrum, Mark, and Ralph Kiel. "“Changing the Way We Talk”: Developing Librarians’ Competence in Emerging Technologies through a Structured Program." College & Research Libraries 72, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 583–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/crl-190.
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This article reports on the implementation of a professional development program in emerging technologies for librarians at the University of Western Australia. Set up in 2008 to address a lack of pedagogically grounded training in this area, it has now graduated three cohorts. A qualitative analysis of participants’ online contributions and course projects, complemented by quantitative survey data, reveals that most librarians acquired new understandings of both pedagogy and technology; many were able to apply newly gained skills in the workplace; and some went on to create pedagogically grounded, technologically enabled resources of ongoing value to the library. A more intangible change in the discourse around new technologies was also observed. Limitations and challenges are identified and discussed.
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Farmer, Lesley. "Using Authentic Case Studies to Teach Ethics Collaboratively to School Librarians in Distance Education." International Journal of Cyber Ethics in Education 3, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcee.2014010101.
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This chapter explains how case studies can be used successfully in distance education to provide an authentic, interactive way to teach ethical behavior through critical analysis and decision-making while addressing ethical standards and theories. The creation and choice of case studies are key for optimum learning, and can reflect both the instructor’s and students’ knowledge base. The process for using this approach is explained, and examples are provided. As a result of such practice, students support each other as they come to a deeper, co-constructed understanding of ethical behavior, and they make more links between coursework and professional lives. The instructor reviews the students’ work to determine the degree of understanding and internalization of ethical concepts/applications, and to identify areas that need further instruction.
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Zimmer, Michael. "Introduction: The “Privacy” Special Issue of the Journal of Intellectual Freedom & Privacy." Journal of Intellectual Freedom and Privacy 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/jifp.v2i1.6306.
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Within libraries, a patron’s intellectual activities are protected by decades of established norms and practices intended to preserve patron privacy and confidentiality, most stemming from the American Library Association’s Library Bill of Rights and related interpretations. As a matter of professional ethics, most librarians protect patron privacy by engaging in limited tracking of user activities, instituting short-term data retention policies, and generally enabling the anonymous browsing of materials. These are the existing privacy norms within the library context, and the cornerstone of what makes up the “librarian ethic.”
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Lor, Peter, Bradley Wiles, and Johannes Britz. "Re-thinking Information Ethics: Truth, Conspiracy Theories, and Librarians in the COVID-19 Era." Libri 71, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2020-0158.
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Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is an international public health crisis without precedent in the last century. The novelty and rapid spread of the virus have added a new urgency to the availability and distribution of reliable information to help curb its fatal potential. As seasoned and trusted purveyors of reliable public information, librarians have attempted to respond to the “infodemic” of fake news, disinformation, and propaganda with a variety of strategies, but the COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge because of the deadly stakes involved. The seriousness of the current situation requires that librarians and associated professionals re-evaluate the ethical basis of their approach to information provision to counter the growing prominence of conspiracy theories in the public sphere and official decision making. This paper analyzes the conspiracy mindset and specific COVID-19 conspiracy theories in discussing how libraries might address the problems of truth and untruth in ethically sound ways. As a contribution to the re-evaluation we propose, the paper presents an ethical framework based on alethic rights—or rights to truth—as conceived by Italian philosopher Franca D’Agostini and how these might inform professional approaches that support personal safety, open knowledge, and social justice.
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Davidson, Graham. "The Ethical Use of Psychological Tests: Australia." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 13, no. 2 (May 1997): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.13.2.132.
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Statements of ethics and related guidelines have been developed in Australia over the period since 1968, covering psychological testing in general, and practices of individual, group, ‘blind' and computerized testing in particular. Guidelines on the psychological testing of indigenous people of Australia also exist. Changes in regulatory statements and supplementary guidelines over this period reflect support for the following: the scientist-practitioner philosophy of psychological practice; multimethod approaches to psychological assessment; and the explication of ‘best practice' in testing. The concept of contextual competence, contained in the various guidelines, may be extended to include cultural competence. The statements and guidelines reflect the ethical precepts of fidelity, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice, and are reinforced by recent policy statements on professional competencies and continuing professional development.
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HRANCHAK, T. YU. "Ethical Component of Library Competencies Design: Professional View." University Library at a New Stage of Social Communications Development. Conference Proceedings, no. 7 (December 30, 2022): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/unilib/2022_270199.
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Objective. Substantiation of the ethical component place in the set of modern librarians’ key competencies. Methods. Conclusions and results have been obtained due to use of dialectical, socio-communicative, analytical-review methods, methods of systematization, comparative analysis, bibliographic analysis, content analysis and document analysis. Results. The need to supplement the educational standards on the speciality 029 “Information, Library and Archival Affairs” bachelor’s and master’s levels with ethical component – the librarian’s understanding of the principles and values of information and professional ethics, academic integrity and capacity to follow them was justified. Conclusions. Adherence to professional ethical norms and the spread of the academic integrity culture creates the conditions for the demand for other librarian’s professional competencies because it provides the value of knowledge and personal theoretical and applied achievements. Given the urgent need to spread the culture of academic integrity in the scientific and educational environment and the lack of relevant educational goals in bachelor and master educational standards, Ukrainian Library Association offers the scientific and methodological basis for the formation of the academic integrity culture as an important competence of a modern librarian within the framework of implementation of the compensatory function.
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Ciccone, Adriana, and Liz Hounslow. "Re-envisioning the role of academic librarians for the digital learning environment: The case of UniSA Online." Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 156–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.53761/1.16.1.11.
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Academic librarians cannot escape the implications of the knowledge economy and the pervasion of technology which effects everything that we do. Similarly, we must be prepared to teach our students how to cope in this knowledge society and how to develop the necessary information and digital literacy skills to be productive members of society in a digital environment. This article explores the first eighteen months of our experience as digital curriculum librarians in a large project at the University of South Australia (UniSA), UniSA Online. We have taken this opportunity to critically reflect on being embedded librarians within such a strategic and unique project. We examine the key cultural, pedagogical and technological challenges we have faced in delivering resources, support and services to the project team. The solutions we have adopted to overcome these challenges within an intensive course development environment are also outlined. The importance of building good relationships both within the project team, academics and with other library staff to deliver positive outcomes is discussed. We examine the pedagogical imperatives we have followed and the technological challenges we have faced to provide an active learning experience for our students in a digital learning environment. Our role as digital curriculum librarians is still evolving, however, we can observe some emerging trends within academic librarianship and comment on them, as we believe that the imperatives of the knowledge society will only become more prevalent into the future. We conclude by outlining which professional skills we need as academic librarians to evolve our roles and be successful in the digital world.
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West, Andrew, and Sherrena Buckby. "Ethics Education in the Qualification of Professional Accountants: Insights from Australia and New Zealand." Journal of Business Ethics 164, no. 1 (November 20, 2018): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4064-2.
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Emmerich, Nathan, and Christine Phillips. "Should professional interpreters be able to conscientiously object in healthcare settings?" Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 10 (December 3, 2019): 700–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105767.
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In a globalised world, healthcare professionals will inevitably find themselves caring for patients whose first language differs from their own. Drawing on experiences in Australia, this paper examines a specific problem that can arise in medical consultations using professional interpreters: whether the moral objections of interpreters should be accommodated as conscientious objections if and when their services are required in contexts where healthcare professionals have such entitlements, most notably in relation to consultations concerning termination of pregnancy and voluntary assisted dying. We argue that existing statements of professional ethics suggest that interpreters should not be accorded such rights. The social organisation of healthcare and interpreting services in Australia may mean those who have serious objections to particular medical practices could provide their services in restricted healthcare contexts. Nevertheless, as a general rule, interpreters who have such objections should avoid working within healthcare.
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Gilbert, Cecily, Kathleen Gray, Kerryn Butler-Henderson, and Ann Ritchie. "Digital Health and Professional Identity in Australian Health Libraries: Evidence from the 2018 Australian Health Information Workforce Census." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 15, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 38–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29640.
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Abstract
Objective – This research aimed to examine the characteristics of the current health library professional workforce in Australia. The study also sought to explore the areas of health library competency domains and job functions that may reflect progress toward a specialized digital health information capability.
Methods – Health librarians’ responses to the May 2018 Australian Health Information Workforce Census were analysed and compared with results obtained in earlier census counts. The health librarian characteristics were also compared with other health information occupations included in the Census.
Results – There were 238 usable health librarian responses. These indicate that the health librarian workforce continues to be a comparatively mature population, with substantial experience, increasing involvement in data- and technology-intensive functions, high levels of professional association membership, and participation in continuing education activities. Notably there are emerging role titles and job functions which point to a greater digital health focus in the changing work realm.
Conclusion – The health librarian workforce has adapted its skills, in line with the increased digital emphasis in health information work. However, as with other health information occupational groups, it is possible that health system planners and funders are not aware of librarians’ current functions and skills. This mature workforce may undergo significant attrition and consequent loss of expertise in the next decade. Continued advocacy and strategic planning around these factors with workforce, healthcare quality, and educational organizations will be required.
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Currin, Brent, Nompilo Msibi, Tsebang Chuene, and Andre Kruger. "An investigation into the ethical standards and values of registered property valuers in South Africa." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, no. 3 (October 31, 2014): 853–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i3.241.
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Ethical issues and standards of property professions are being scrutinised. To date, no research has been carried out on the ethical standards in the property valuation profession in South Africa. This research compared the content of codes of ethics and professional conduct of the South African property valuation profession to international standards, and investigated the ethical standards and moral values held by registered valuers in South Africa. A self-administered survey, administered to 611 professional and professional associate valuers, was used. It measured five constructs of unethical behaviour layered into a survey adapted from Hoyt, Wright and Croft (2002). No statistically significant differences were found between different demographic factors in the ethical beliefs of South African valuers. A literature review comparing South Africa’s codes of conduct with those in the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand showed that the standards of ethics and professional practice in South Africa are not in line with international standards. South African valuers appear to be ethical and resist external pressures which could lead to unethical behaviour.
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Edwards, Ashley. "Becoming a Librarian Amidst a Professional Identity Crisis." Pathfinder: A Canadian Journal for Information Science Students and Early Career Professionals 1, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/pathfinder17.
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Adopted in the late 1930s, the Library Bill of Rights grounded the profession in the core value of intellectual freedom. This core value was challenged in the 1930s, the 1960s, the 1990s, and again in recent years by calls for social responsibility within our ranks. The re-occurrent discomfort with upholding intellectual freedom is particularly evident today in the case of public library third party meeting room bookings by controversial speakers. Both the Toronto Public Library and the Vancouver Public Library (as well as the Edmonton Public Library for lending its support) have come under scrutiny by both specific voices within the field as well as the community more broadly. This is not the first time, nor will it be the last time, that publicly funded libraries are faced with controversy surrounding intellectual freedom.
Using critical information theory, this presentation examines important questions: How is intellectual freedom defined, redefined and confined today? What is the relationship between the core value of intellectual freedom and sister core values such as social responsibility, diversity and democracy? How do we uphold professional ethics (e.g., IFLA Code for Librarians and Other Information Workers) in instances when our personal, professional, institutional and/or association commitments do not align? As a 2019-20 SLIS research assistant, these questions are rooted in my ongoing academic explorations with Dr. Samek of the nature and extent LIS curricula (for both professionals and paraprofessionals) prepares graduates to negotiate the perpetually complicated core value of intellectual freedom from a position of confidence, and not fear, defensiveness or divisiveness.
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Lewis, Suzanne, Gillian Hallam, Ann Ritchie, Catherine Clark, Cheryl Hamill, Melanie Foti, and Patrick O'Connor. "Employers’ Perspectives on Future Roles and Skills Requirements for Australian Health Librarians." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 6, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8bp61.
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Objective – This study, which comprises one stage of a larger project (ALIA/HLA Workforce and Education Research Project), aimed to discover employers’ views on how (or whether) health librarians assist in achieving the mission-critical goals of their organizations; how health librarians contribute to the organization now and into the future; and what are the current and future skills requirements of health librarians.
Methods – Each member of the project group approached between one and five individuals known to them to generate a convenience sample of 22 employers of health librarians. There were 15 semi-structured interviews conducted between October and November 2010 with employers in the hospital, academic, government, private, consumer health and not-for-profit sectors. The interview schedule was sent to each interviewee prior to the interview so that they had time to consider their responses. The researchers wrote up the interview notes using the interview schedule and submitted them to the principal researcher, who combined the data into one document. Content analysis of the data was used to identify major themes.
Results – Employers expressed a clear sense of respect for the roles and responsibilities of library staff in their organizations. Areas of practice such as education and training, scientific research and clinical support were highlighted as critical for the future. Current areas of practice such as using technology and systems to manage information, providing information services to meet user needs and management of health information resources in a range of formats were identified as remaining highly relevant for the future. There was potential for health librarians to play a more active and strategic role in their organizations, and to repackage their traditional skill sets for anticipated future roles. Interpersonal skills and the role of health librarians as the interface between clinicians and information technology were also identified as critical for the future.
Conclusions – Interviews with employers provided valuable insights into the current and future roles and skills requirements of health librarians in Australia, enriching the findings of the earlier stages of the research project. The next step is to work with the stakeholder groups in this project and use the research project’s findings as the evidence base on which to develop a structured, modular education framework comprising a postgraduate qualification in health librarianship and a continuing professional development structure supporting a three-year cycle of certification and revalidation.
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Ma, Leo F. H., and Ling Ling Yu. "Ubiquitous Learning for Distance Education Students: The Experience of Conducting Real-Time Online Library Instruction Programs through Mobile Technology." International Journal of Librarianship 4, no. 1 (July 30, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.23974/ijol.2019.vol4.1.107.
Full textAbstract:
Library services for Hong Kong-based students enrolled in distance learning programs on information studies, offered by the Charles Sturt University (CSU), Australia in collaboration with the School of Professional and Continuing Education of the University of Hong Kong (HKUSPACE), were supported by the University of Hong Kong Libraries utilizing a face-to-face format for many years. With the advancement of internet technology, new e-learning software, mobile technology and ever-growing online resources, CSU and HKUSPACE course administrators considered that online library instruction programs could be supported and delivered by the librarians of CSU at Australia remotely to Hong Kong students. Several real-time, online instruction programs were initiated since late 2013. The successful launching of the programs provides evidence to support the provision of online library instruction through not only personal computers, but also mobile devices. Based on a qualitative analysis, it was concluded that delivering library instruction programs by internet and mobile technology to distance learning students in higher education is achievable. More library services can be planned by making use of this successful experience.
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Bowles, Wendy, Heather Boetto, Peter Jones, and Jennifer McKinnon. "Is social work really greening? Exploring the place of sustainability and environment in social work codes of ethics." International Social Work 61, no. 4 (July 25, 2016): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872816651695.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the extent to which issues of environmental sustainability are represented in three national social work codes of ethics – the United Kingdom, the United States and Australia. These national codes are discussed and implications for social work are analysed with a view to strengthening the profession’s position regarding environmental sustainability. Findings suggest that national codes do not include concern for environmental sustainability as a core professional concern. The authors make recommendations for developing ethical practice and further argue that the international professional body of social work, the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW), should take a fundamental leadership role in advocating for environmental sustainability.
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McCarthy, Sean Francis. "Developing an Australian code of construction ethics." Construction Economics and Building 12, no. 2 (May 30, 2012): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v12i2.2536.
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This article looks at the increasing need to consider the role of ethics in construction. The industry, historically, has been challenged by allegations of a serious shortfall in ethical standards. Only limited attempts to date in Australia have been made to address that concern. Any ethical analysis should consider the definition of ethics and its historical development. This paper considers major historical developments in ethical thinking as well as contemporary thinking on ethics for professional sub-sets. A code could be developed specific to construction. Current methods of addressing ethics in construction and in other industries are also reviewed. This paper argues that developing a code of ethics, supported by other measures is the way forward. The author’s aim is to promote further discussion and promote the drafting of a code. This paper includes a summary of other ethical codes that may provide a starting point. The time for reform is upon us, and there is an urgent need for an independent body to take the lead, for fear of floundering and having only found ‘another debating topic’ (Uff 2006).
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Avis, Ellie, and Kelly McElroy. "From the Guest Editors." OLA Quarterly 27, no. 1 (March 22, 2022): 3–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5399/osu/1093-7374.27.01.02.
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Protecting patron privacy is a core tenet of the ethics of librarianship. The American Library Association's Privacy: An Interpretation of the Library Bill of Rights (2019) emphasizes that protecting the privacy of library users is key to ensuring intellectual freedom because surveillance and monitoring produce a "chilling effect on users' selection, access to, and use of library resources." In 2005, librarians in Connecticut made headlines by standing up against the FBI and the USA Patriot Act to protect patron records (Cowan, 2006). Faced with a clear threat to privacy, these librarians sued the U.S. government in defense of their patrons' rights. However, the daily erosion of privacy facing patrons today is often more insidious and the day-to-day work of protecting privacy in libraries is less visible. This issue of the Oregon Library Association Quarterly is dedicated to stories of how library workers across Oregon try - and sometimes struggle - to live up to our professional responsibility to protect privacy. These stories come from all corners of our library ecosystem, from public and academic institutions and from large and small communities. The articles presented here provide snapshots of some of the current challenges that libraries face around privacy, as well as some practical tips for dealing with these challenges. We have also included a short guide to relevant state laws, which we hope provides context for the issue as a whole.
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Muellenbach, Joanne Marie. "Australian Academic Librarians’ Experience of Evidence Based Practice Involves Empowering, Intuiting, Affirming, Connecting, Noticing, and Impacting." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b86q2m.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Miller, F., Partridge, H., Bruce, C., Yates, C., & Howlett, A. (2017). How academic librarians experience evidence-based practice: A grounded theory model. Library & Information Science Research, 39(2), 124-130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2017.04.003
Abstract
Objective – To explore and enhance the understanding of how Australian library and information science (LIS) practitioners experience or understand evidence based practice (EBP) within the context of their day-to-day professional work.
Design – Constructivist grounded theory methodology.
Setting – University libraries in Queensland, Australia.
Subjects – 13 academic librarians.
Methods – Researchers contacted academic librarians by email and invited each participant to take part in a 30-60 minute, semi-structured interview. They designed interview questions to allow participants to explain their process and experience of EBP.
Main results – This study identified six categories of experience of EBP using a constructivist grounded theory analysis process. The categories are: Empowering; Intuiting; Affirming; Connecting; Noticing; and Impacting. Briefly, empowering includes being empowered, or empowering clients, colleagues, and institutions through improved practice or performance. Intuiting includes being intuitive, or using one’s own intuition, wisdom, and understanding, of colleagues and clients’ behaviours to solve problems and redesign services. Affirming includes being affirmed through sharing feedback and using affirmation to strengthen support for action. Connecting includes being connected, and building connections, with clients, colleagues, and institutions. Noticing includes being actively aware of, observing, and reflecting on clients, colleagues, and literature within and outside of one’s own university, and noticing patterns in data to inform decision-making. Impacting includes being impactful, or having a visible impact, on clients, colleagues, and institutions. Together, these categories represent a model that explains the nature of academic librarians’ experiences of EBP. The theory describes academic librarians' experiences as complex and highly contextualized phenomena. There is no clear relationship between these categories, as data analysis did not generate a specific hierarchy of categories.
Conclusion – Based on the research findings the authors hypothesize that their study is one of a growing number of studies that has begun to establish an empirical basis for EBP in the LIS profession.
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Zimmer, Michael. "Assessing the Treatment of Patron Privacy in Library 2.0 Literature." Information Technology and Libraries 32, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ital.v32i2.3420.
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<p>As libraries begin to embrace Web 2.0 technologies to serve patrons – ushering in the era of Library 2.0 – unique dilemmas arise regarding protection of patron privacy. The norms of Web 2.0 promote the open sharing of information – often personal information – and the design of many Library 2.0 services capitalize on access to patron information and might require additional tracking, collection and aggregation of patron activities. Thus, embracing Library 2.0 potentially threatens the traditional ethics of librarianship, where protecting patron privacy and intellectual freedom has been held paramount. As a step towards informing the decisions to implement Library 2.0 to adequately protect patron privacy, we must first understand how such concerns are being articulated within the professional discourse surrounding these next generation library tools and services. The study presented in this paper aims to determine whether and how issues of patron privacy are introduced, discussed, and settled – if at all – within trade publications utilized by librarians and related information professionals</p>
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Froehlich, Thomas. "Some Thoughts Evoked by Peter Lor, Bradley Wiles, and Johannes Britz, “Re-thinking Information Ethics: Truth, Conspiracy Theories, and Librarians in the COVID-19 Era,” in LIBRI, March 2021." Libri 71, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 219–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/libri-2021-0061.
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Abstract The paper offers some thoughts prompted by the research paper published by Peter Lor, Bradley Wiles, and Johannes Britz, “Re-Thinking Information Ethics: Truth, Conspiracy Theories, and Librarians in the COVID-19 Era,” in LIBRI, March 2021. It highlights two significant contributions, an analysis of the misinformation in the COVID-19 pandemic and the notion of alethic rights, the right of truth of patrons based on the work of D’Agostini. This reflection then situates the COVID-19 misinformation campaign within the broader disinformation ecology within which it exists. While it agrees that alethic rights are an important ethical framework, it wonders whether it practically advances work beyond that libraries and librarians are already doing, e.g., in collection decisions, approaches to reference questions, or library programming. It looks at the debate between John Swan and Noel Peattie on the inclusion of books representing outright lies in the collection (e.g., Holocaust denial). It then contrasts a right to information and authorities propagating and validating that information with a right to misinformation and authorities for propagating and validating that misinformation that exists within disinformation ecologies. The problem of truth, its authorities and its context appears to be more complicated than an appeal to alethic truths: for example, liberals and conservatives differ on the meaning of a rational consensus on contentious political matters, such as climate change. Given the dire consequences of misinformation on democracies and public health, an appeal to professional neutrality is woefully inadequate. There must be proactive resistance, if not outright repudiation.
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UNGURU, Elena, and Antonio SANDU. "Normative and Institutional Frameworks for the Functioning of Supervision in Social Work." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 10, no. 2 (July 4, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/47.
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Supervision is understood as a professional, formative, administrative and managerial practice provided by an experimented professional to a professional in the same field, with the purpose of transfering knowledge and training specific competences, useful in his practice with the purpose of providing as qualitative as possible services to its own beneficiaries. The article reviews a series of normative frameworks based on which the process of supervision of social services in countries such as Singapore, New Zeeland, Australia, Canada, USA, Great Britain and Romania. By comparatively analyzing these frameworks, we noticed that generally, there are two models formulated – the first one which regards the supervisor as a professional with experiece in social work, and the other model sees supervision as a distinct profession with transdisciplinary nature, but with access limited by the need for an initial training and previous experience in the field of social work. We notice that, in general, the national frameworks identify three functions of supervision: administrative, formative and managerial, and place a special emphasis on the role of the supervisor as trainer in the field of professional ethics.
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Alindogan, Mark Anthony. "Evaluation competencies and functions in advertised evaluation roles in Australia." Evaluation Journal of Australasia 19, no. 2 (June 2019): 88–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1035719x19857197.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the functions of professional evaluators outlined in online job advertisements. A total of 97 job advertisements were reviewed in the study. A content analysis using a Coding Analysis Toolkit developed by Shulman was conducted to identify six main evaluation functions based on the collected data. These functions are (1) evaluation and reporting, (2) providing evaluation advice, (3) evaluation capacity building, (4) communication and engagement, (5) forming partnerships and (6) leading, managing and influencing. These functions were then compared to the Australian Evaluation Society’s (AES) Core Competency Domains. Overall, there is a broad alignment between these functions and the AES Core Competency Domains. However, the analysis shows that the delivery of culturally competent evaluations and evaluation utilisation received no mention in advertised evaluation roles. The delivery of culturally competent evaluation is essential from the perspective of ethics, validity and theory, while the utilisation of evaluation findings is important for the benefit of society.
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Strachan, Glenda. "Not Just a Labour of Love: industrial action by nurses in Australia." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 4 (July 1997): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400405.
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Deciding to take industrial action or go on strike has been an issue of great concern for nurses. While it is typical for most groups of workers to undertake industrial action in the pursuit of better wages and working conditions or improved quality of services, historically, nurses have found this a difficult course to pursue. Frequently, nurses have been caught between acceptance of themselves as ordinary workers and a professional model, which has carried with it the implication that a profession does not engage in industrial action (although, in reality, professions, including medical practitioners, have undertaken industrial action). Nurses in Australia have gone on strike, although widespread industrial action was not undertaken until the 1980s, when lengthy industrial campaigns, including strikes, were used in an effort to achieve enhanced status for the profession, improved career paths and increased salaries. While debate remains about the efficacy of this course of action, large numbers of nurses have been involved in these campaigns. Significant changes in salaries and status were achieved in the 1980s.
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Birks, Melanie, Jenny Davis, John Smithson, and Daniel Lindsay. "Enablers and Barriers to Registered Nurses Expanding Their Scope of Practice in Australia: A Cross-Sectional Study." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 20, no. 3 (August 2019): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154419864176.
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A number of resources exist to assist registered nurses in Australia to determine their scope of practice; however, the ability of a professional nurse to expand his or her practice is highly context dependent. This article reports on barriers and enablers to expanding scope of practice, as identified by registered nurses across Australia. A cross-sectional survey administered online in 2016 returned 1,205 useable submissions. Results indicated that nurses wishing to expand their practice felt supported to do so by nursing colleagues and were aware of professional and regulatory documents relating to expanding scope of practice. Less support for this process was evident from other health professionals or employers. Respondents also indicated that they were motivated to expand their scope by professional satisfaction, potential for career advancement, and the desire to meet health service user's needs. The majority of respondents identified barriers to expanding scope of practice, including lack of remuneration and the absence of supportive guidelines. Respondents in the early stage of their careers were more likely to perceive organizational support for expanding their scope of practice. When required to expand their role, the majority of respondents indicated that they had undertaken additional training or accessed various resources to guide them in this process. Barriers to expanding nursing scope of practice can result in underutilization of the one of the greatest resources in the health care system. This article identifies a number of strategies that can facilitate role expansion to ensure that nursing continues to make a significant contribution to positive health service outcomes in Australia.
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Martinus, Kirsten, and David Hedgcock. "The methodological challenge of cross-national qualitative research." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 3 (August 10, 2015): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-07-2013-0046.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the difficulties faced during the interview process in a cross-national qualitative comparative case study between Japan and Australia. It discusses the challenges in producing insightful data and preserving the integrity of findings when methodologies are influenced by different cultural and professional environments. Design/methodology/approach – The paper explores literature on cross-national qualitative research in the context of policy research as well as the philosophical and professional differences between Japan and Western countries (like Australia). It reflects on practical examples and strategies used by the researcher during the ethics and interview processes when adapting widely accepted qualitative case study methodology to suit the Japanese cultural and professional environment. Findings – The paper finds that linguistic, cultural, professional and philosophical differences between the countries challenged initial researcher assumptions that comparability between the case study regions would be maintained through the application of accepted methodologies and an “insider” status. It observes that the quest to generate rich and insightful data places the character and capability of the researcher as central in the research process. Originality/value – This paper provides practical examples and strategies for social science researchers using interview methods in Japan and Australian. It points to a need for further research on the ambiguous and elusive nature of the “insider” paradigm as well as the “comparability” of cross-national qualitative case studies when methodological “flexibility” is used to enrich and preserve the integrity of research findings.
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Costello, Laura. "Survey Confirms Strong Support for Intellectual Freedom in Public Collection Development Librarians." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 14, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 135–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/eblip29577.
Full textAbstract:
A Review of:
Oltmann, S. M. (2019). Important Factors in Midwestern Public Librarians’ Views on Intellectual Freedom and Collection Development: Part 1. The Library Quarterly, 89(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1086/700659
Abstract
Objective – The article sought to explore whether librarian attitudes regarding intellectual freedom conform to the stance of the American Library Association (ALA).
Design – Electronic survey.
Setting – Public libraries in the Midwestern United States.
Subjects – Subjects were 645 collection development library professionals employed in public libraries.
Methods – An electronic survey was distributed to public library directors in nine Midwestern states and was completed by the library professional primarily responsible for collection development. The survey focused on community information and probed the participants for their stances on several intellectual freedom topics.
Main Results – The survey was sent to 3,018 participants via each state’s librarian and had a response rate of 21.37%. The first section of the survey focused on broad strokes statements representing the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom for public libraries. The results revealed widespread agreement on these issues. More than 88% of participants agreed with statements like “public libraries should provide their clients with access to information from a variety of sources.” Despite strong agreement among participants, particular demographic characteristics were more likely to lead to disagreement with all statements including working in rural communities and not holding a master’s degree in library science.
The next section of the survey focused on how strongly participants’ personal beliefs conformed to the intellectual freedom statements in the ALA’s Library Code of Ethics. Again, there was widespread agreement, with 94.9% of participants indicating that they agreed with the statement “we uphold the principles of intellectual freedom and resist all efforts to censor library materials.” Only one participant disagreed with the statement “it is the right of every individual to both seek and receive information from all points of view without restriction.” When asked whether the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom ever conflicted with their personal beliefs, 39.8% of participants indicated that it did, 22% were unsure, and 40% had never experienced conflict. Participants holding a master's degree in library science and librarians in large cities were less likely to experience conflict between their personal beliefs and the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom. In the free text comments, several participants indicated that they experienced conflict when the ALA’s stance did not reflect their personal beliefs or community values.
Conclusion – While the overwhelming majority of respondents indicated that they agreed with the ALA’s stance on intellectual freedom, a minority of participants experienced some conflict. Respondents indicated that personal belief could create conflict when librarians committed to intellectual freedom were required to make choices in their professional work that conflicted with their own views. Conflict could also arise when collection choices made to support intellectual freedom were not supported by patrons in the community.
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You, Kyung Ha, Zarnie Lwin, Elizabeth Ahern, David Wyld, and Natasha Roberts. "Factors that influence clinical trial participation by patients with cancer in Australia: a scoping review protocol." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e057675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057675.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionClinical trials are the backbone of research. It is well recognised that patient participation in clinical trials can be influenced by a myriad of factors such as access to a clinical trial, restrictive trial eligibility criteria and perceptions held by patients or physicians about clinical trials. Australia is a key stakeholder in the global clinical trials sphere. This scoping review protocol aims to identify and map the current literature describing factors that influence clinical trial participation of patients with cancer, in Australia.Methods and analysesThe Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews will be used to conduct this review. Four electronic databases will be systematically searched for relevant published literature on this topic, as a collaborative process involving the lead investigator and a health science librarian. We will hand search of citations and reference lists of the included papers, and a grey literature search through Google scholar, Grey Literature Report, Web of Science Conference Proceedings. All published papers pertaining to patients diagnosed with solid organ or haematological malignancies will be included. Studies which did not involve patients from Australia will also be excluded. A customised data extraction tool will be pilot tested and refined, and subsequently two independent reviewers will perform data screening and extraction. Results will be collated and reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) extension for scoping reviews: PRISMA-Scoping Reviews. Quantitative data will be presented using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data will be synthesised using thematic analyses. This scoping review does not require ethical approval as the methodology focuses on analysing information from available published data.Ethics and disseminationResults will be disseminated to relevant stakeholders including consumers, clinicians, professional organisations and policy-makers through peer-reviewed publications and national and international conferences.
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Dunphy, Jillian L. "Healthcare professionals' perspectives on environmental sustainability." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 4 (October 7, 2013): 414–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733013502802.
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Background: Human health is dependent upon environmental sustainability. Many have argued that environmental sustainability advocacy and environmentally responsible healthcare practice are imperative healthcare actions. Research questions: What are the key obstacles to healthcare professionals supporting environmental sustainability? How may these obstacles be overcome? Research design: Data-driven thematic qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews identified common and pertinent themes, and differences between specific healthcare disciplines. Participants: A total of 64 healthcare professionals and academics from all states and territories of Australia, and multiple healthcare disciplines were recruited. Ethical considerations: Institutional ethics approval was obtained for data collection. Participants gave informed consent. All data were de-identified to protect participant anonymity. Findings: Qualitative analysis indicated that Australian healthcare professionals often take more action in their personal than professional lives to protect the environment, particularly those with strong professional identities. The healthcare sector’s focus on economic rationalism was a substantial barrier to environmentally responsible behaviour. Professionals also feared conflict and professional ostracism, and often did not feel qualified to take action. This led to healthcare professionals making inconsistent moral judgements, and feeling silenced and powerless. Constraints on non-clinical employees within and beyond the sector exacerbated these difficulties. Discussion: The findings are consistent with the literature reporting that organisational constraints, and strong social identification, can inhibit actions that align with personal values. This disparity can cause moral distress and residue, leading to feelings of powerlessness, resulting in less ethical behaviour. Conclusion: The data highlight a disparity between personal and professional actions to address environmental sustainability. Given the constraints Australian healthcare professionals encounter, they are unlikely to shift to environmentally responsible practice without support from institutions and professional associations. Professional development is required to support this endeavour. The poor transference of pro-ecological behaviour from one setting to another is likely to have international implications for healthcare practice.
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Cornish, Amelia, Andrew Fisher, Teresa Collins, Chris Degeling, Rafael Freire, Susan Hazel, Jennifer Hood, et al. "Ranking of Production Animal Welfare and Ethics Issues in Australia and New Zealand by Veterinary Students." Veterinary Sciences 5, no. 3 (July 12, 2018): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci5030065.
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The importance of animal welfare and ethics (AWE) within the veterinary education should reflect community concerns and expectations about AWE, and the professional demands of veterinary accreditation on the first day of practice (or ‘Day One’ competences). Currently, much interest and debate surrounds the treatment of production animals, particularly around live export. To explore the attitudes to AWE of veterinary students in Australia and New Zealand, a survey was undertaken to (i) understand what students consider important AWE topics for initial production animal competence; and (ii) ascertain how these priorities correlated with gender, area of intended practice and stage-of-study. The results from 575 veterinary students showed that all students ranked strategies to address painful husbandry procedures as the most important issues on their first day in production animal practice. Additionally, it was found that the importance students assigned to an understanding of human–animal interactions declined as they progressed through the veterinary course. In contrast, the importance of an understanding of euthanasia issues for production animals increased for male students as they progressed through the course, and remained consistently high in females. Females also gave higher ranking to the importance of understanding production animal stress associated with transport, and ranked strategies to address painful husbandry procedures more important than did males. These findings should help the development of AWE teaching resources that address students’ attitudes and competence and that can be delivered when students are most receptive.
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Milligan, Eleanor, Roianne West, Vicki Saunders, Andrea Bialocerkowski, Debra Creedy, Fiona Rowe Minniss, Kerry Hall, and Stacey Vervoort. "Achieving cultural safety for Australia’s First Peoples: a review of the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency-registered health practitioners’ Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics." Australian Health Review 45, no. 4 (2021): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah20215.
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Objective Health practitioners’ Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics articulate practice standards across multiple domains, including the domain of cultural safety. As key tools driving individual practice and systems reform, Codes are integral to improving health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. It is, therefore, critical that their contents specify meaningful cultural safety standards as the norm for institutional and individual practice. This research assessed all Codes for cultural safety specific content. MethodsFollowing the release of the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency’s (Ahpra) Health and Cultural Safety strategy 2020–25, the 16 Ahpra registered health practitioner Board Codes of Conduct and professional Codes of Ethics were analysed by comparing content to Ahpra’s new cultural safety objectives. Two Codes of Conduct, Nursing and Midwifery, met these objectives. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Practitioners Code partially met these objectives. ResultsMost Codes of Conduct (14 of 16) conflated Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities undermining the sovereignty of Australia’s First Peoples. Eleven professions had a Code of Ethics, including the Physiotherapy Code of Conduct, which outlined the values and ethical principles of practice commonly associated with a Code of Ethics. Of the 11 professions with a Code of Ethics, two (Pharmacy and Psychology) articulated specific ethical responsibilities to First Peoples. Physiotherapy separately outlined cultural safety obligations through their reconciliation action plan (RAP), meeting all Ahpra cultural safety objectives. The remaining eight advocated respect of culture generally rather than respect for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures specifically. ConclusionsThe review identified multiple areas to improve the codes for cultural safety content for registered health professions, providing a roadmap for action to strengthen individual and systems practice while setting a clear regulatory standard to ensure culturally safe practice becomes the new norm. It recommends the systematic updating of all professional health practitioner Board Codes of Conduct and professional Codes of Ethics based on the objectives outlined in Ahpra’s Cultural Safety Strategy. What is known about the topic?Systemic racism and culturally unsafe work environments contribute to poor health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. They also contribute to the under-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the health workforce, denying the system, and the people who use and work in it, much needed Indigenous knowledge. Creating a culturally safe healthcare system requires all health practitioners to reflect on their own cultural background, to gain appreciation of the positive and negative impacts of individually held cultural assumptions on the delivery of healthcare services. Competence in cultural safety as a required standard of practice is therefore essential if broad, sustainable and systemic cultural change across the health professions and ultimately across Australia’s healthcare system is to be achieved. Given that Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics are integral in setting the practical and moral standards of the professions, their contents with respect to cultural competence are of great importance. What does this paper add?A review of this type has not been undertaken previously. Following the establishment of the Ahpra Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Strategy Group, release of Ahpra’s 2018 Statement of intent, and the 2019 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and Cultural Safety strategic plan and Reconciliation Action Plan, we analysed the content of each of the 16 registered health professions Codes of Conduct and Code of Ethics looking for content and guidance in accordance with the new national cultural safety definition. Several opportunities to improve the Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics were identified to realise the vision set out in the statement of intent including through the application of the National Law. This analysis provides a baseline for future improvements and confirms that although some current health practitioner Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics have begun the journey of recognising the importance of cultural safety in ensuring good health outcomes for Australia’s Indigenous peoples, there is broad scope for change. What are the implications for practitioners?The gaps identified in this analysis provide a roadmap for improvement and inclusion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health and cultural safety as a required standard in Codes of Conduct and Codes of Ethics for all registered health practitioners. Although it is recognised that Codes alone may not change hearts and minds, codifying the clinical competency of cultural safety provides a portal, and a requirement, for each individual practitioner to engage meaningfully and take responsibility to improve practice individually and organisationally.
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Malloy, David Cruise, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, Elizabeth Fahey McCarthy, Robin J. Evans, Dwight H. Zakus, Illyeok Park, Yongho Lee, and Jaime Williams. "Culture and Organizational Climate: Nurses’ Insights Into Their Relationship With Physicians." Nursing Ethics 16, no. 6 (November 2009): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009342636.
Full textAbstract:
Within any organization (e.g. a hospital or clinic) the perception of the way things operate may vary dramatically as a function of one’s location in the organizational hierarchy as well as one’s professional discipline. Interorganizational variability depends on organizational coherence, safety, and stability. In this four-nation (Canada, Ireland, Australia, and Korea) qualitative study of 42 nurses, we explored their perception of how ethical decisions are made, the nurses’ hospital role, and the extent to which their voices were heard. These nurses suggested that their voices were silenced (often voluntarily) or were not expressed in terms of ethical decision making. Finally, they perceived that their approach to ethical decision making differed from physicians.
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Sandin, Gunnar. "Lack of Participatory Effort: On the Ethics of Communicating Urban Planning." Urban Planning 5, no. 4 (November 12, 2020): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i4.3445.
Full textAbstract:
In all planning processes, including those we label participatory, there are neglected parties. Even when co-produced decisions, equity objectives, or common initiatives are at hand, some actors are likely to be less listened to, or they are never even recognised, hence, ‘perfect’ participation does not exist. Nevertheless, participatory objectives continue to be an important resilience factor in attempts to make—and architectonically shape—new built environments, based as much in concerned parties’ wishes and knowledge of local circumstances, as in the repertoire of traditional professional solutions and political or profit-driven exploitation. This article makes a sample survey on land-use oriented planning and its capacity to include concerned parties, ranging from total neglect of residents to formalised government-steered participation and more spontaneous or insurgent community-driven attempts to communicate a wish. Two basic questions with ethical implications are here raised concerning how planning communication is grounded: Who is invited into dialogue, and what kind of flaws in the establishment of communicational links can be found? These questions are discussed here as examples of ethical dilemmas in planning concerning previously analysed cases in Sweden with an initial reflection also on known cases in India, Germany and Australia. Communicational mechanisms such as ‘dialogic reciprocity’ and ‘successive translational steps’ are especially discussed as areas of possible improvement in participatory practices.
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Davies, Kayt. "HRECs and journalism research: The uneven playing field." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 1 (May 31, 2014): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i1.189.
Full textAbstract:
This article continues an ongoing investigation into the problems that contemporary researchers in Australia using journalism as a methodology face in meeting the bureaucratic requirements of Human Research Ethics Committees (HRECs). This discussion in the peer-reviewed literature includes Richards (2009), Turner (2011), Lindgren and Phillips (2011), Romano (2012) and two articles by the author (Davies 2011a, 2011b). These two articles explored the flexibility built into the HREC’s guiding document, the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research, in 2007 in order to make it possible for research that does not fit the standard scientific model to gain timely approval. The professional discussion has also included public conversations at the Journalism Education Association of Australia (JEAA) annual conferences and on the organisation’s online discussion list. It is evident from these discussions that some researchers find the ethics application process sufficiently arduous that research using journalism as a methodology is effectively not possible for them. Meanwhile, others find the approval process to be painless and beneficial to their work. This raises the question of whether these differences are due to the researchers’ competence in lodging applications for approvals, or differences in the approach taken by the various university-based HRECs. The novel contribution of this article to the discussion is quantitative data illustrating the diversity of approaches taken by HRECs to applications regarding research using journalism as a methodology and reflection on the implications for investigative journalism.
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Gisev, Natasa, Sallie-Anne Pearson, Timothy Dobbins, David C. Currow, Fiona Blyth, Sarah Larney, Adrian Dunlop, Richard P. Mattick, Andrew Wilson, and Louisa Degenhardt. "Combating escalating harms associated with pharmaceutical opioid use in Australia: the POPPY II study protocol." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e025840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025840.
Full textAbstract:
IntroductionOpioid prescribing has increased 15-fold in Australia in the past two decades, alongside increases in a range of opioid-related harms such as opioid dependence and overdose. However, despite concerns about increasing opioid use, extramedical use and harms, there is a lack of population-level evidence about the drivers of long-term prescribed opioid use, dependence, overdose and other harms.Methods and analysisWe will form a cohort of all adult residents in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, who initiated prescribed opioids from 2002 using Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme dispensing records. This cohort will be linked to a wide range of other datasets containing information on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, health service use and adverse outcomes (eg, opioid dependence and non-fatal and fatal overdose). Analyses will initially examine patterns and predictors of prescribed opioid use and then apply regression and survival analysis to quantify the risks and risk factors of adverse outcomes associated with prescribed opioid use.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received full ethical approval from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Ethics Committee, the NSW Population and Health Services Research Committee and the ACT Health Human Research Ethics Committee. This will be the largest postmarketing surveillance study of prescribed opioids undertaken in Australia, linking exposure and outcomes and examining risk factors for adverse outcomes of prescribed opioids. As such, this work has important translational promise, with direct relevance to regulatory authorities and agencies worldwide. Project findings will be disseminated at scientific conferences and in peer-reviewed journals. We will also conduct targeted dissemination with policy makers, professional bodies and peak bodies in the pain, medicine and addiction fields through stakeholder workshops and advisory groups. Results will be reported in accordance with the REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely collected Data (RECORD) Statement.