Journal articles on the topic 'Librarians Legal status'
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1
Wills, David. "From The Law Librarian to Legal Information Management, from Bulletin to Journal: a Jubilee Year." Legal Information Management 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669620000031.
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AbstractLegal Information Management has reached 50 years since it was launched, under a different name, by the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians (BIALL). In this article the current editor of the journal, David Wills, reviews the history of the journal from its launch in spring 1970 when it took the name The Law Librarian, and describes how it has evolved, often reflecting the changing nature of the legal information profession in those intervening years. He follows the journey as this periodical developed from small beginnings, explains how it was enhanced by successive editors, why it became necessary to change its title in 2001 and describes the move to the current publisher, Cambridge University Press in 2004. He reflects on the current status of the journal, as an electronic product while also retaining its profile in print and, finally, he draws attention to some possible challenges for the future.
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Zakharenko, Marina P. "Young Specialists as a Special Social Group of Library Human Resources." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 2 (April 27, 2012): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2012-0-2-118-123.
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For the first time the status of young librarians in the conceptual and normative-legal contexts is comprehensively characterized. The organization of work with library young specialists at the federal and regional levels are shown. The priority of human resource policies aimed at attracting, fixation and development of young library staff is substantiated on the material of the author's research.
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Zakharenko, Marina P. "Young Specialists as a Special Social Group of Library Human Resources." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], no. 3 (June 22, 2012): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2012-0-3-116-120.
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For the first time the status of young librarians in the conceptual and normative-legal contexts is comprehensively characterized. The organization of work with library young specialists at the federal and regional levels are shown. The priority of human resource policies aimed at attracting, fixation and development of young library staff is substantiated on the material of the author's research.
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Babei, Vlad. "Enclosed Spaces, Boundless Possibilities: Investigating the Status Quo of Romanian Prison Libraries Through a Survey-based Approach." Revista Română de Biblioteconomie și Știința Informării = Romanian Journal of Library and Information Science 18, no. 1 (July 22, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26660/rrbsi.2022.18.1.1.
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The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the current state of Romanian prison libraries by focusing on such aspects as the legal framework under which they operate, their organization and facilities, the management of their collections and the policies employed to this end, the staff in charge of these structures, as well as library usage and satisfaction. Moreover, the present study aims to highlight the main obstacles and difficulties that Romanian prison libraries are struggling with at the moment, and to provide a few minimal recommendations for the improvement of their services and overall quality. In order to elicit relevant data, a questionnaire – comprising 48 both open and close-ended items – was designed and mailed to the 45 existing Romanian correctional facilities between early December 2021 and mid-January 2022. Albeit the response rate was 66.6%, the author has managed to identify a number of common issues that prevent Romanian prison libraries from functioning at an optimal level, such as the insufficient funding and inadequate space, the lack of professionally trained librarians, and the absence of a coherent collection development policy. Although those in charge of prison libraries strive to make the best of the available resources – and there are a few notable cases –, Romanian prison libraries are in dire need of both financial and managerial remodeling.
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Skenderija, Sasha. "Permanent Digital Legal Information: Disappearing URLs and Preservation of Digital Objects Cited in Court Decisions*." International Journal of Legal Information 37, no. 3 (2009): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005369.
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AbstractThe recent transformation of legal information has led to more drastic consequences in law than in some other fields. As electronic resources become more prevalent and available, courts begin citing to them. The emerging digital-born information and the new network models of communication such as Law Blogs and Wikipedia have already acquired a certain status, being cited by court decisions. For example, the U.S. Supreme Court recently cited a videotape in its decision of Scott v. Harris (2007), saying “it speaks for itself,” and included it in the opinion as an attachment.Unfortunately, like many other government entities, the courts have not taken precautions to make sure that the materials they cite remain stable and available to the public for long term access. This is so, even though “no one is supposed to ignore the law.” What happens when the materials one relies on disappear?This paper examines the serious implications that could arise from this situation. It will also examine the challenges, new roles and possible course of action for law libraries and librarians in ensuring the availability of digital objects in the legal field far in the future.
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Kearney, Janet. "Making the Case for Law Tech." Legal Information Management 21, no. 3-4 (December 2021): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669621000323.
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AbstractAs the concept of a ‘practice-ready’ attorney continues to grow in both law firms and law schools, law school libraries are meeting this need by offering programming related to legal technology. In this article, a law librarian from the United States, Janet Kearney, discusses their successes and failures in creating and maintaining legal technology programming, a first step in a larger conversation on practice-ready law graduates. The article is based on a June 2021 presentation given at the annual conference of the British and Irish Association of Law Librarians.
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Lee, Jootaek. "True Values and Justification of Law Libraries: Application of U.S. Law Library Values to Law Libraries in Korea." International Journal of Legal Information 48, no. 2 (2020): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2020.18.
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U.S. law librarians are formal sources of information to information-seekers in the United States. U.S. law librarians are approachable and visible assets of law libraries within institutions. They also act as gatekeepers of legal information, preventing information corruption and spearheading research into new frontiers of information.
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Swift, Hester. "The BIALL-IALS Foreign and International Law Courses." Legal Information Management 16, no. 2 (June 2016): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669616000281.
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AbstractHester Swift writes about the successful one-day courses on foreign and international legal research that have been run since 2009 at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies (IALS) in conjunction with BIALL. These courses have been a collaborative venture between the Foreign and International Law Librarians at the Bodleian Law Library at Oxford, the Squire Law Library at Cambridge, and the IALS Library, together with law librarians from the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies and the University of Cardiff. The courses have attracted delegates from many different sectors of the legal information profession. The post of Foreign and International Law Librarian, or Foreign, Comparative and International Law Librarian, is relatively new to the UK, but has a long history in the United States. The BIALL-IALS foreign and international law training initiative complements the cooperation of the Foreign Law Research (FLARE) Group.
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Swift, Hester. "US Legal Information." Legal Information Management 9, no. 4 (December 2009): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669609990533.
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AbstractThis survey of United States law sources, by Hester Swift, Foreign and International Law Librarian, Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, is based on a presentation delivered at the BIALL Foreign and International Law Seminar on 3 March 2009.
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Dalton, Michelle. "There is a Lack of Standardization in the Collection Development and Circulation Policies of Prison Library Services." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 8, no. 2 (June 10, 2013): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8r611.
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Objective – To explore how collection development policies currently support the role and purpose of prison libraries, and to explore if the accessibility of circulation records impacts on patron privacy.
Design – Online survey questionnaire and a case study analysis of the existing policy statements of selected correctional institutions.
Setting – The prison library sector in the United States.
Subjects – 17 librarians and library staff across ten states in the United States.
Methods – An eight-question online questionnaire was used to explore the existing collection development and circulation policies in prison libraries, and the level of adherence to the guidelines of the Association of Specialized and Cooperative Library Agencies (ASCLA) and the American Correctional Association (ACA). In addition, participants were encouraged to forward any circulation or collection development policy statements for more detailed analysis. Each policy was then reviewed to assess the degree of alignment or otherwise with the American Library Association’s (ALA) Prisoners’ Right to Read guidelines (2010).
Main Results – The results of the survey found that 24% of libraries had no formal collection development policy, and at least 53% of libraries had no circulation policy statement. In these instances, the libraries were typically subject to the local policies and procedures of the correctional institution. The purpose of the library and its collection was primarily viewed as: providing recreational reading material; maintaining contact with the outside world and enabling re-entry into the community; and supporting vocational skills and lifelong learning. In selecting materials, the results indicated that a broadly similar approach to that of public libraries was adopted by most institutions, with the exception of any material that may pose a safety or security threat to the institution. In one institution the use of library services or resources for legal purposes or to provide legal assistance was also clearly prohibited in the collection development policy, although approximately half of the libraries did state that providing legal material was one of their roles. The lengthy and arduous approval process for ordering books and other materials (up to ten months in one instance) was reported by several participants due to the layers of bureaucracy and controls inherent in the prison setting. With regard to circulation records and confidentiality issues, 35% of libraries deleted such records instantly upon return of the items, compared with 30% that archived them. A further 29% only retained information from the current and most recent patrons for the purposes of assessing and charging for damaged items.
Conclusion – The author found the prison library sector to be a relatively challenging environment. In this context, following the existing guidelines and best practice as recommended by the ALA and others, and establishing clear and ethical policy statements can help libraries to support the needs and rights of patrons more effectively.
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Zubrow, Marcia Singal. "Researching U.S. Federal Law: a Primer." Legal Information Management 20, no. 3 (September 2020): 158–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669620000389.
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AbstractThis article is designed for law librarians based outside the United States. The paper, written by Marcia Zubrow, provides basic information about the United States legal system and its sources. This background foundation to the article is important in understanding how to effectively use the two major U.S. databases, Lexis and Westlaw. The author describes the contents of the two databases within the context of the background information. Search techniques, including advance searching strategies, are described.
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Guseva, Evgenia N. "Innovative Activity: State Regulatory Legal Acts and Possibilities of Their Application in Library Practice." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-5-455-464.
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Innovative ways of the development of libraries is a topic that has a sufficient degree of elaboration. However, the documents that provide regulatory and strategic support for the creation and implementation of innovations, as well as the boundaries of their applicability in the library sphere, are not sufficiently examined. The article presents the regulatory legal acts and documents of the strategic planning system that influence the development of libraries and can be used to create and implement sectoral library development programs. Most of these documents have status of regulatory legal acts. They can be used as a conceptual and methodological basis for creating programs and strategies for the development of libraries, given that the availability of such documents has already become mandatory for many branches and organizations, not only in the industrial or commercial spheres of the economy.
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Clark, David S. "Applied Comparative Law: Researching Foreign Law in an Imperfect World." International Journal of Legal Information 30, no. 2 (2002): 232–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009884.
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I admit that I am an addict, a compulsive user of libraries and especially law libraries. As a comparative lawyer I need to investigate foreign law, which for me is the law of jurisdictions outside the United States. Since I believe the social and cultural context in which law operates is important to its understanding, I must leave the relative comfort of United States libraries and venture abroad to learn about the features of legal systems not adequately described in books. Beyond common law countries, as the IALL 20th Annual Course illustrates, the language of law is something other than English: yet another hill to climb to understand foreign law. For most of you, United States law is foreign law, which is the other side of the same issue. In addition, public international law lawyers could benefit from the comparative approach. This is particularly true for those from the Anglo-American world who rely almost exclusively on English language materials in their research. This narrow perspective undercuts the fundamental premise of universality behind a truly international legal system.
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Lopatina, Natalia V. "Library in the Culture of Information Society." Observatory of Culture, no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2015-0-5-27-31.
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The article deals with the transformations of social institution of library in the information society. High emphasis is placed here on social and humanitarian changes. Formal and informal aspects of social relations as well as the role and status of a librarian are identified. The article considers the compliance between formal legal regulations and informal socio-cultural norms, between actual practices and formal and informal norms. It examines explicit and implicit functions of a library, the conflict between traditional structures and new institutional norms. Roles of a librarian and a reader in the process are revealed.
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Kapranova, Oksana, and Ekaterina Lyubushko. "Science initiatives for university libraries’ interaction." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2017-11-23-29.
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The year activities of O. Kutafin Moscow State Law University Library are reviewed in brief. These science initiatives correspond to the current problems of university libraries, i. e. building and developing information and library resources to support education and research, legal regulation of digital resources acquisition, improving marketing and project activities of university libraries. Many heads of Russian and foreign public and university libraries, producers and providers of digital resources, and publishers took part in these activities. Video conference system enables to expand these professional initiatives to many libraries in Russian regions and the near abroad states. In particular, in 2017, the Library of the State Management University and Yeltsin Presidential Library held the joint conference "Legal issues and managerial marketing of library activities in the changing university environment".
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Neshcheret, Marina Y. "Public Library in the United States: Sanctuary of Sciences or Social Shelter?" Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 67, no. 1 (April 22, 2018): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-1-75-82.
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Based on local normative acts regulating the rules of conduct in public libraries in the United States, the author analyses the most acute problems associated with non-observance of public order and violation of legal norms by people without definite occupation and permanent home visiting reading rooms. Personnel of the American libraries is concerned with the problem of relationship with the specified category of users representing a quite significant part of the total number of visitors. Of particular concern are the incidents of drug use. Libraries are very vulnerable, as open to everyone, and users can spend there as much time as they would wish. In order to solve the problems associated with stay in library of the unemployed and homeless visitors, libraries actively cooperate with the city’s social institutions and with local police departments. Libraries have always been the guardians of humanistic values; however, today they are vulnerable to the challenges of time; they are trying to find a compromise between their duty to serve all users (regardless of their social status) and the need to maintain public order. There is required serious and responsible work on the rules governing user behaviour for solving this challenging problem. Introduction of rules for readers is dictated primarily by the objective to provide the ability for libraries to fully fulfil their mission. Created to ensure the protection of rights, interests and safety of users and library staff, the rules should be based on the current legislation to avoid ambiguity and, at the same time, to be humane, “flexible” and focused on contemporary realities.
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Aguolu, I. E. "Factors Affecting the Development of Academic Law Libraries in Nigeria." International Journal of Legal Information 24, no. 2 (1996): 148–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500000184.
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This study highlights some factors that have influenced the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria. Inadequacy of local production of legal texts, exorbitant cost of the available texts, and scarcity of foreign exchange, were identified as major constraints. On the other hand, factors which have promoted the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria include the existence and use of published standards for law libraries, accreditation requirement for law faculties, book gifts and loans. Moreover, Nigeria's typical history of political instability and proliferation of states has paradoxically not been a hindrance but a catalyst for the emergence of numerous social and educational institutions including universities and academic law libraries.
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Mojapelo, Samuel, and Luyanda Dube. "SCHOOL LIBRARY DEVELOPMENT VS POLICY PROVISION: DIVERGENCE OR CONVERGENCE?" Mousaion: South African Journal of Information Studies 32, no. 4 (September 29, 2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25159/0027-2639/1646.
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A policy and legal framework for school libraries is a guiding framework for the provision, development and management of school libraries. Similarly, it is a lever that standardises school library development, management and practice. Although the existence of a policy does not guarantee the development of efficient and functional school libraries, its inherent value cannot be overemphasised. It is widely documented that in South Africa, only 7.2 per cent of public schools have functional school libraries, which are crucial to enrich the quality of teaching and learning and support learners and teachers. The aim of this study was, firstly, to analyse the legal and policy provision for school libraries in South Africa; and secondly, to examine the state of school libraries in Limpopo province, South Africa. The study further sought to establish whether there is divergence or convergence between policy provision and the status of school libraries in Limpopo. The study adopted a quantitative research paradigm and triangulated utilising questionnaires and document analysis as instruments to collect data. The study established that there is a regime of policies related to school libraries, most of which are still in draft form. Furthermore, the study confirmed that provision of policy does not necessarily translate into an efficient school library system. The distinct divergence means that there is no correlation between policy provision and practice. The study recommends that the existing school library policies should be streamlined, adopted and implemented to scale up the development of efficient and functional school libraries in Limpopo.
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Filiu, Vincenç, Dennis Kim-Prieto, and Teresa Miguel. "A Closer Look: A Symposium Among Legal Historians and Law Librarians to Uncover the Spanish Roots of Louisiana Civil Law†." International Journal of Legal Information 38, no. 3 (2010): 295–338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500005898.
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AbstractThe debate regarding whether the origin of Louisiana civil law is based in the Spanish or in the French legal tradition has been ongoing since that state's incorporation into the United States as a result of the Louisiana Purchase. Distinguished legal scholars have argued in favor of one tradition being dominant over the other, and each has been staunch in support of that view. This article proposes and demonstrates that the Spanish, not French, civil law had an enormous influence on the creation and evolution of Louisiana civil law, and that this legacy resonates today.
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Gee, David. "“Over There and Over Here”: Some Observations on Recent Reader Services Developments at four Academic Legal Researh Libraries." Legal Information Management 3, no. 2 (2003): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669600001870.
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Every night for ten nights last May, I returned to room 128 in the Westside YMCA (West 63rd Street, New York City – just off Central Park) armed with more behind the scenes insights, professional secrets and first hand accounts of US law library operation and management than one slim A5 notebook could hope to hold. I was fortunate to be in the United States on a two-week placement at Columbia University, visiting some of America's great law libraries – the law school libraries of Columbia itself, New York University and Yale University. Each morning, after orange juice, coffee and a toasted cream cheese bagel, I would head out with the commuters to join the subway at Columbus Circle – uptown for Columbia or downtown for NYU. Every evening I would admire the energy of the mostly silver-haired athletes in brightly coloured lycra returning to the Westside “Y” after numerous circuits of the Jackie “O” reservoir on the upper east side of Central Park. The park is 843 acres of creative space bounded by impressive hotels, apartment blocks and the streets of Harlem. In May it is in perpetual motion from dawn to dusk with joggers, roller-bladers and cyclists weaving their way around the trees, fountains and numerous statues. Indeed it appears to be a huge magic garden, complete with beautiful street lamps that seem to come from C.S. Lewis's Narnia – another world, like the City itself, at once familiar and fascinatingly different.
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Ademodi, Olugbenga. "The Academic Law Library and the Prospects for Diversity in the Legal Profession." International Journal of Legal Information 39, no. 1 (2011): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500006077.
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AbstractThis study examines the interpretation of the American Bar Association's accreditation standard for law schools in the United States and the effect it could have on minority students studying in such law schools. It shows how such students will be greatly disadvantaged. It also shows the principle underlying the solution and how academic law libraries can aid in solving the problem and make a diverse bar a reality.
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Ming, Liu. "Demand-driven Service Innovation: Discovery and Analysis in Chinese Law Libraries." International Journal of Legal Information 44, no. 2 (July 2016): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jli.2016.27.
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AbstractThis article introduces readers to a new perspective on meeting library user needs. The author employs Kano theory to examine library user demands in Chinese law libraries and how law libraries in China have tried to meet user needs on three different levels. The Kano model was first introduced by Professor Noriaki Kano of Tokyo Rika University. The model was based on the assumption that customer needs are constantly changing and the question becomes how to meet library users’ evolving demands. The article summarizes demands of Chinese law library patrons on three levels: basic needs, performance, and excitement demands. Currently, most Chinese academic law libraries meet the basic needs of library users, but they need to further enhance user satisfaction and promote the law libraries’ status as a legal information center instead of merely a place to collect and house books.
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Prasolova, Polina S. "Library Service Brand and Mark: General and Special." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 6 (December 21, 2021): 655–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-6-655-665.
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The problem of forming the library image as an active social marketing tool in the context of globalization of the information space is becoming more urgent and relevant and requires new approaches, both in the theoretical and practical spheres of the library sector. In modern realities, libraries realize the importance of their own image as a socio-cultural phenomenon, echoing such a complex and multifaceted concept of “brand”. In the library space, the brand is used as a tool for updating the image and developing social marketing.The purpose of the article is to determine the features of the service mark as a key element of the library brand and the mechanisms of its civil-legal protection. The issues related to the use of the service mark as one of the elements of the library brand represent the scientific novelty and, in particular, specify the rules of its registration. The author notes that the term in question does not have a legal status, but it can be considered in relation to the institution of civil law close to it — means of individualization — a service mark (trademark). The article discusses the procedure for registering the service mark, as well as determines the stages of the libraryʼs brand policy.Despite the fact that the term “brand” has become widespread in scientific, professional and everyday life, it does not have a legal status, i. e. there is no legal definition in the legislation of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the necessary legal procedure aimed at the legal protection of the library brand as an element of the library branding system is the registration of a service mark — the designation that serves to individualize the work performed or services provided. Basing on the analysis of jurisprudence practice, the article determines the possibility of preferential use of the term “service mark” in the designation of library and information products and services.The analysis of registered service marks (trademarks) of libraries, relevant as of June 2021, demonstrates the awareness by libraries of the importance of their own brand. However, the professional library community is far from always aware of the advantages of using the service mark, which leads to the expiration of the exclusive right to it without its extension in the manner prescribed by law. Registration of the service mark contributes to strengthening the status of the library as an active marketing component of the information market and the formation of reputation capital. It can be considered as a specific incentive for the development of library branding.
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Udartseva, O. M. "World library policy in web analytics: Current state and trends." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 7 (September 4, 2020): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2020-7-87-110.
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The libraries’ web-outposts open up new opportunities, enable libraries to interact efficiently with their users and to promote their information products in the virtual space. The systematic assessment is integral to high performance of libraries’ web-divisions. The author explores the intensity of applying evaluation methods to the libraries’ web-sites. She examines the current state and popular trends in libraries’ representation in the virtual space using the relevant methods of web-analytics. The findings of the 2019 survey “Modern trends in the development of library resources in the web space”, comprising 387 Russian and foreign libraries of various organizational and legal status, are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the presence of libraries in the web space and resource management using web-analytic instruments. Based on her research findings, the author concludes that the major accomplishment for the libraries today is the very fact of their presence in the web space in the form of official websites and accounts in social media. Though the respondents confirmed that they used web-based analytical tools to evaluate their own web-based representation, the survey demonstrates that just a small part of the analytical tools potentiality is actually used.
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Arms, William Y. "How effectively can computers be used skilled tasks of professional librarianship?" ETD - Educação Temática Digital 2, no. 1 (January 8, 2009): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/etd.v2i1.560.
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Libraries are expensive and research libraries are particularly expensive. Even in the United States, few people can afford good access to primary scientific, medical, legal and scholarly information. Members of major universities have excellent library services. So do people who work in teaching hospitals, or for drug companies or rich law firms. Others have access to information only through the tedious, inefficient system of interlibrary lending. In less affluent countries the situation is worse; even the best universities cannot afford good libraries. Must access to scientific and professional information always be expensive, or is it possible that digital libraries might change this sad situation? The costs of a conventional research library fall into three main categories: facilities (which include buildings), library materials and staff. In digital libraries, the facilities costs are small, since digital libraries avoid the need for expensive buildings. Digital libraries require computers and networks, but these are relatively inexpensive, and the costs to users are shared with other services, such as electronic mail and word processing...
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Sukiati, Sukiati, and Ratih Lusiani Bancin. "PERLINDUNGAN PEREMPUAN DAN ANAK: STUDI AKIBAT HUKUM PENGABAIAN PENCATATAN PERKAWINAN." Gender Equality: International Journal of Child and Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/equality.v6i1.5633.
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Marriage registration becomes a very important element for the validity of marriage. An unregistered marriage has a direct effect on the woman (wife) and child. This problem is one of references for the importance of registering marriage. Marriage registration aims to fulfill women and children’s rights as legal subjects. The work intends to explain how urgent the registration of marriage is in protecting women and children. Using research libraries, data are collected by exploring data sources that are relevant to the topics discussed. This study concludes that the legal impact arising from neglecting marriage registration is not easy. When a dispute occurs, the wife of an unregistered marriage cannot sue her husband. In this case, the wife's position is very weak. Likewise with children, the status of children born is considered as illegitimate children. The child’s unclear status in the eyes of the law causes the parent-child relationship is not strong, so parents may be able to deny his biological child.
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Sfeir, George N. "The Place of Islamic Law in Modern Arab Legal Systems: A Brief for Researchers and Reference Librarians." International Journal of Legal Information 28, no. 1 (2000): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s073112650000891x.
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Ever since Joseph Schacht, whose book An Introduction to Islamic Law is on the short list of books on Middle East law, said that Islamic law is the epitome of Islamic thought, in other words, you can't understand Islam without understanding Islamic law, Middle Eastern studies and their journals invariably include classical Islamic law in their coverage of the subject with little attention given to modern legislation. This is particularly obvious in the bibliography of periodical literature which disregards the increasing number of studies on the modern law of the Middle East appearing in law journals. Even entries described as positive law, a category recently added to John and Marianne Makdisi's eminently useful compilation on Islamic law, comes no closer to giving a realistic picture of the applicable law. To illustrate what I mean, titles under positive law dealing with insurance, banking, and interest, concentrate on Islamic law's position on these subject-matters at a time when modern legislation in most Arab states has completely discarded that position.
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Hussain, Tauseef, Syeda Hina Batool, Saira Hanif Soroya, and Nosheen Fatima Warraich. "Pakistani prison libraries: an assessment of services and challenges." Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication 68, no. 1/2 (February 4, 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gkmc-08-2018-0075.
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Purpose The purpose of the paper is to examine the current status of prison libraries, their role, services and collection in Pakistani context. It also attempts to highlight the main problems faced by selected libraries. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative research approach was adopted to achieve the study objectives. Data were collected using face-to-face interviews to find out respondents’ views about libraries in prison. Findings Findings of the study confirmed that inmates’ library queries are mostly related to the legal matters, and it is quite natural. One of the significant services of the Pakistani prison libraries is to help prisoners in their education. The main role of the library caretaker was to educate and offer rehabilitation programs. Unavailability of library space, lack of professional staff, limited collections, poor budgetary situation and censorship issues are the major challenges that Pakistani prison libraries are facing. Social implications The study findings further implicate that open libraries and access to books would promote positivity within society and reduce criminal and immoral acts. Originality/value It is the first of its kind and unique study that presents the current situation of prison libraries in the Pakistani context. The study has practical implications for policymakers to give importance to prison libraries in terms of finance, professional staff and the availability of information sources.
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Andronenko, O. V., and G. L. Ruksha. "Research at the central regional library: The history and the subject scope at the present stage." Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 5 (May 27, 2022): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2022-5-31-46.
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The purpose of this article is to identify new trends in the research activities of regional libraries of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze in detail the documents that provide the legislative and regulatory framework for research activities of libraries. The authors emphasize that the well-defined legal status of central scientific libraries and their mandate are to support clear understanding of the concept of their research activities. Currently, the research activities are actualized in diverse formats. Library scientists have not achieved the uniform understanding of the object of these activities. Using the example of the State Universal Scientific Library of the Krasnoyarsk Kray [Territory], the content and main directions of modern scientific library practice are characterized; the number of general research patterns inherent to larger Russian libraries are revealed; and features related to regional specifics are identified. The authors suggest what the main motivations in choosing the thematic focus of library research are. At the present stage, these are: the national project “Culture” and the issues related to COVID-19 pandemic situation.Based on the analysis of various approaches to understand the research activities of libraries, the authors conclude that there is a need for comprehensive revision of content and formats of scientific activities of central regional libraries.
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Matveev, Mikhail Y. "To Lead Science and Understand People: To the 70th Birth Anniversary of Vladimir R. Firsov." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 71, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2022-71-1-71-80.
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The article analyses contribution of V.R. Firsov to the development of librarianship and library science. V.R. Firsov formed and continues to develop the new direction in library science — regulatory support for the activities of libraries; he is one of the main creators of the existing regulatory framework for the development of libraries in Russia. V.R. Firsov took an active part in the development of the most important legislative acts related to the library sphere: Federal Law of December 29, 1994 No. 78-FZ “On Librarianship”, the Concept of Part II of the “Model Library Code of the CIS Countries”, the Model Law “On Public Library”.Under the leadership of V.R. Firsov, the Russian Library Association (RLA) adopted many legal documents, including “Priorities for the Development of the Russian Library Association for 2011—2015”, “Code of Professional Ethics of the Russian Librarian”, “All-Russian Program for Preservation of Library Collections. The Second Stage: 2011—2020”, “Model Standard for Public Library Activity”, “Model Standard for the Activity of Special Library for the Blind of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”, “Guidelines for Public Libraries of Russia on Services for Young Adults”, etc.V.R. Firsov is the main developer and author-compiler of documents defining the status and development of the National Library of Russia (NLR): the Charter of the National Library of Russia, the Strategy for the Development of the National Library of Russia for the period up to 2020, the Concept for the Development of the National Library of Russia for 2018—2025. Thanks to his efforts, the role of the NLR as scientific and methodological centre of Russian libraries and modern scientific institution has increased; there have been created conditions for the development of the NLR as institution of additional professional education.V.R. Firsov is the author of more than 400 scientific publications (monographs, reference books, articles in the leading professional periodicals); a number of his collections on international acts in the field of librarianship, cultural policy in Europe and reading problems have been published. He took part in the creation of the “Library Encyclopaedia” (2007). V.R. Firsov is rightfully one of the leading scientists and organisers of library science, who has significant impact on the development of librarianship and library science in Russia and the CIS countries in the late 20th — early 21st century.
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Gasaway, Laura N. "COPYRIGHT ISSUES IN CREATING DIGITAL ARCHIVES." Education Libraries 21, no. 3 (September 5, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/el.v21i3.119.
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As digital archives continue to increase, libraries must face concerns relating to copyright, and find workable, legal solutions to these issues. This article describes three types of digital library projects. Public domain material and its accompanying copyright implications are first described. These include works on which copyright has expired; materials of unclaimed copyright and the current restraints; and works produced by the federal government. Second is a discussion on fair use of copyrighted works. Third, issues surrounding uncertain copyright status are explored. License agreements, particularly in relation to interlibrary loans, and cooperative projects wherein agreements are reached between owner and library so that no copyright problems exist, are also covered. The author concludes that while the creation of digital libraries brings copyright problems with it, these are not insurmountable and explains why.
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Neshcheret, Marina Y. "Rules for Readers: U.S. Public Libraries in Search for the Golden Mean." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 67, no. 5 (December 7, 2018): 545–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-5-545-555.
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The article presents an overview of their main provisions of the local regulatory documents governing the rules of conduct of readers in the public libraries of the United States. The aim of the article is to demonstrate that norms of behaviour are created to protect the rights, interests and safety of users of libraries and library staff. The article considers the standard structure and content of the regulatory documents. The main clauses of the document regulate the appearance of visitors, having food and drinks, using mobile phones; introduce the ban on smoking tobacco products, the use of wheeled vehicles; stipulate the terms of children’s stay in the library; warn of the inadmissibility of aggressive behaviour. The article analyses the most acute problems associated with ensuring compliance with the rules of conduct and provides typical examples of violation of public order and legal norms. The author notes that libraries, which have always been the focus of humanistic values, became vulnerable to the challenges of the time. Today they are trying to find a compromise between the desire to provide quality resources and services to users and maintaining public order. To keep the balance in solving this difficult problem means constantly adjusting the rules of behaviour of readers in accordance with the changing realities of public life. Libraries are forced to make concessions, but at the same time keep in mind that the concessions allowed to users should not go beyond the limits of moral, ethical and legal norms.
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Stonkienė, Marija. "Lietuvos bibliotekų, archyvų ir muziejų prievolė teikti informaciją visuomenei: informavimas, informacijos teikimo įtvirtinimas Lietuvoje." Informacijos mokslai 44 (January 1, 2008): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/im.2008.0.3403.
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Straipsnyje analizuojamas informacines paslaugas teikiančių institucijų – bibliotekų, archyvų ir muziejų – informacinės veiklos teisinis reguliavimas, aptariama savita teisės į informaciją užtikrinimo galimybė. Apžvelgus informacinių bibliotekų, archyvų ir muziejų veiklos aspektų teisinio ir politinio reguliavimo tendencijas Europos Sąjungoje, pastebima, kad šių institucijų veikla nereguliuojama privalomaisiais teisės aktais, joms nedeleguojamos teisiškai privalomos informacijos teikimo visuomenei prievolės. Informacinė bibliotekų, archyvų ir muziejų veikla Europos Sąjungoje orientuojama veiksmų programomis, šitaip siekiama bibliotekų, muziejų ir archyvų informacinės veiklos kooperavimo, efektyvaus informacijos visuomenės paslaugų teikimo. Lietuvoje bibliotekų, archyvų ir muziejų veiklą reglamentuojančiuose įstatymuose informacijos teikimo visuomenei prievolė nėra pabrėžiama, ji tik nurodoma, minima. Šių institucijų informacijos teikimo visuomenei veiklos reikšmingumo suvokimas Lietuvoje deklaruojamas politiniuose dokumentuose, pastebimas praktinėje veikloje, atitinkančioje Europos Sąjungos iniciatyvas ir planus.Straipsnyje atkreipiamas dėmesys į tai, kad tik archyvams netiesiogiai numatoma informacijos teikimo visuomenei prievolė. Ši archyvų prievolė grindžiama teisės į valstybės oficialią dokumentuotą informaciją ir archyvų informacijos laisvos, viešos prieigos teisės įtvirtinimu.Institutions of memory and culture in the public advising: Lithuanian legal regulation of the obligation of access to informationMarija Stonkienė SummaryThe article gives an analysis of the legal regulation of information activities of institutions that provide the access to information: libraries, museums, archives and discusses peculiarities of realization rights to access to information.Under reviewing trend of legal and political regulations in the EU author of the article gives on regulation of information activities of these institutions. According to analysis of documents author states that libraries, museums and archives haven’t any legal obligation to provide access to information to the public, because there are no compulsory rules to regulate their information activities.Special action programs are used to stimulate cooperation in information activities and to encourage of information society services.Lithuanian legal regulation of information activities of libraries, museums, archives does not provide for any obligation of access to information. In the special legal regulation this obligation is only indicated and mentioned.Importance of access to information, that memory and culture institutions affords for the public, is declared in the political documents and asserted in the practice, that correspond to EU initiatives and plans.The article reveals that the obligation of access to information only for archives fixed in legal protection of right to access to governance information and right to free, public access to archives’ information.
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Lewis, Danielle E. "Emergency Preparedness in the Legal Librarian Community in the United States: Current Culture and the Need to Expand Collaboration." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 37, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2018): 204–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0270319x.2018.1574164.
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Trotska, Valentyna. "Legal aspects of usage out-of-commerce works by libraries and other institutions." Theory and Practice of Intellectual Property, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33731/22021.236524.
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Keywords: copyright; out-of-commerce works; cultural heritage institutions; exceptionsand limitation; representative organizations of collective management
The article is devoted to the study of the norms of Directive2019/790 of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright and relatedrights in the Digital Single Market, such as provisions on the permitted use of worksout-of-commercial circulation, that are permanently in the collections of libraries andothers cultural heritage institutions. The norms of this EU Directive, as well as theprovisions defined in the laws of some European countries, are analyzed in detail.The main provisions of the EU Directive are considered, which provide for a doublemechanism of permitted use of works of cultural heritage institutions: main and reserve.The essence of each mechanism is considered in detail.The article also considers the question of when the rights holders have the right torefuse, meaning not to allow cultural heritage institutions to use out-of-commerce works.A comparison is made between the norms of the legislation of Ukraine on copyrightand related rights concerning the free use of works by libraries and other culturalheritage institutions and the relevant norms of European legislation. It is establishedthat in the legislation of Ukraine the list of institutions that have the right tofreely reproduce works is limited only to libraries and archives. Unlike the provisionsof the EU Directive, norms of national legislation do not apply to museums, film andaudio funds. However, free reproduction is allowed only by reprographic method (photocopying)of copies, which restrains the possibility of freeing reproduction (digitization)of works using modern digital technologies.It is concluded that classical norms of the legislation on copyright and relatedrights with the development of relations in the digital environment are changing.Legislators are constantly searching for optimal ways to balance public and privateinterests. Whether the new rules will be successful depends on how states implementthe rules of the EU Directive in state law and how they will be applied in practice.
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Ferreira, Claudiomiro Machado. "As bibliotecas públicas municipais e a administração pública direta: o apoio legal para o suporte financeiro das bibliotecas: qual é e como conseguir?Municipal public libraries and the direct public administration:legal support for..." RDBCI: Revista Digital de Biblioteconomia e Ciência da Informação 10, no. 1 (July 10, 2012): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/rdbci.v10i1.1904.
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Este trabalho tem o objetivo de apresentar e demonstrar jurídica e administrativamente como as bibliotecas públicas municipais devem se estruturar e agir para cobrar do município a aplicação do artigo 16 da Lei Federal nº10.753, de 30 de outubro de 2003, que Institui a Política Nacional do Livro e que prevê que “os Municípios consignarão (...) verbas (...) para sua manutenção e aquisição de livros”. Sua elaboração deve-se ao fato de a Lei e o Artigo serem muito conhecidos, mas de inexistir um estudo e uma explicação clara e objetiva de como as bibliotecas devem agir para exigir um direito legal, deixar de viver de doações e começar a atuar com recursos financeiros próprios.Abstract This work aims to present and demonstrate, in a legal and administrative form, how the municipal public libraries should be structured and to act to collect from the municipality the application of title 16 of Federal Law nº.10753, October 30, 2003, that established the National Book Policy which states that "Municipalities consign (...) funds (...) for their maintenance and purchase of books." Their preparation is due to the fact that the Law and the titles are well known, but the non-existence of a study and a clear and objective explanation of how libraries should act to require a legal right, no longer live on donations and start acting with its own resources.
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Grossman, Andrew. "Towards Cooperation in Access to Foreign Primary Law." International Journal of Legal Information 30, no. 1 (2002): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009677.
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Foreign law, whether a subject of study in itself within the domain of comparative law, or invoked under a rule of conflict of laws to resolve a crossborder issue, is an essential library resource. In jurisdictions where foreign law must be pleaded and proved as a fact, it is up to the parties to demonstrate what that law is, in default of which the Anglo-American court will generally presume it to be the same as municipal law. In other, generally civil-law, jurisdictions it may be up the court to appoint an expert; foreign law may be treated either as law or as fact, depending upon the jurisdiction. Because family law, succession and donations are, in civil-law countries, largely ruled by personal law and because personal law may be determined by reference to facts of nationality, domicile, religion and ethnic identity, considerable academic sophistication is demanded of foreign and comparative law librarians. The escalating costs of legal materials and the difficulty of cataloguing and maintaining collections of rarely-used materials in hard languages pose additional obstacles. In the United States particularly, acquisition of foreign materials has perceptibly declined since the early 1980s. Only a handful of law libraries in the world possesses the financial, logistical, linguistic and technical wherewithal to aspire to collecting materials from all or most countries; for those, managing acquisition and selection is the main challenge. Collecting official gazettes, session laws and case reporters from many jurisdictions makes enormous demands upon space and record-keeping; microform collection is not in many cases an alternative. Where it is, it creates its own special demands.
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FIHEL, Olena M. "SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY OF LIBRARIES AS A CRITERION OF LIBRARY REFORM." University Library at a New Stage of Social Communications Development. Conference Proceedings, no. 6 (December 28, 2021): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/unilib/2021_248518.
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Objective. The article examines the legislation of Ukraine in the framework of library reform. It is noted that in the presence of all changes and additions, the wording of the Law of Ukraine "On Libraries and Library Affairs" of 2021 regulates the activities of mostly public libraries. The peculiarities of the activity of libraries of higher educational institutions (HEI) are not reflected in the law. Methods. The methodological basis of the study were: general methods of thinking; general scientific and interdisciplinary methods. We can also distinguish: analysis and synthesis, abstraction, formalization and dialectical, as a general scientific method of cognition. Results. An example of a legal conflict regarding the legitimacy to use the status of a research and educational worker by the director of a University library is analyzed in detail. The study proves that libraries of higher education institutions are not obliged to conduct research and educational activities. However, in the absence of scientific lectures, workshops, and research, the library is reduced to the level of a subdivision of the HEI, whose activities are aimed only at providing information on scientific and educational activities of teachers and students. Conclusions. On the example of the Scientific Library of Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, known in Ukraine and abroad for its scientific lectures, art projects, research and explorations, the relevance and importance of conducting scientific and educational activities by Scientific Libraries of the HEI is shown.
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Igumnova, Natalia P. "The CIS Common Library Space in the Context of Humanitarian Cooperation." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 4 (September 10, 2021): 343–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-4-343-351.
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The article reveals the scientific aspects and development practice of the common library space of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS CLS), which over 30 years has formed a system of its organization and mechanisms of functioning. There is reflected the role of libraries in solving the humanitarian problems of the Commonwealth. The article considers the CIS CLS as the main part of the Eurasian library space, and studies it as an independent system. There are highlighted the most important principles of building the CIS CLS. The article shows that during the period under study, the path of formation has been passed, and the circle of common interests and relevant areas of activity has been identified. There is formulated the regulatory and legal framework for the development of librarianship in the CIS countries, the model laws designed to harmonize the national legal documents. The formed organizational system of the CLS functioning includes the interrelated links — national libraries of the CIS, the Library Assembly of Eurasia, the Russian State Library as the basic organization for cooperation in the field of librarianship of the CIS member states, the scientific and practical journal “Herald of the Library Assembly of Eurasia”. The article identifies the priority areas of cooperation: building and preserving national library collections, ensuring open and equal access for users to local and world resources through the use of information technologies, promoting the best examples of national culture and literature, cultural and educational events and ethno-cultural library interaction. The author provides examples of the cooperation programs implementation.The article determines that for the sustainable development and stability of the CLS as a system of library interaction, it is necessary to constantly overcome the contradictions accumulated in it, make adjustments to the definition of common interests and organizational structure. The author concludes that the integration activities of CIS libraries to strengthen the CLS, with the unifying role of the Russian language, serves as the basis for the consolidated inclusion of libraries in the common humanitarian and cultural space of the CIS and in the world information space.
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Zittrain, Jonathan, Kendra Albert, and Lawrence Lessig. "Perma: Scoping and Addressing the Problem of Link and Reference Rot in Legal Citations." Legal Information Management 14, no. 2 (June 2014): 88–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669614000255.
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AbstractIt has become increasingly common for a reader to follow a URL cited in a court opinion or a law review article, only to be met with an error message because the resource has been moved from its original online address. This form of reference rot, commonly referred to as ‘linkrot’, has arisen from the disconnect between the transience of online materials and the permanence of legal citation, and will only become more prevalent as scholarly materials move online. The present paper*, written by Jonathan Zittrain, Kendra Albert and Lawrence Lessig, explores the pervasiveness of linkrot in academic and legal citations, finding that more than 70% of the URLs within the Harvard Law Review and other journals, and 50% of the URLs within United States Supreme Court opinions, do not link to the originally cited information. In light of these results, a solution is proposed for authors and editors of new scholarship that involves libraries undertaking the distributed, long-term preservation of link contents.
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Davies, John. "Safe Deposit: A UK Publishing View." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 10, no. 2 (August 1998): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909801000206.
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The evolutionary struggle between the printed page, CD-ROM, online services and the Internet as media for publishing has huge implications for the national archive. Authors, publishers and the libraries that have current responsibility for the UK national legal deposit collection all have a consuming interest in the outcome of the government's Consultation Paper on legal deposit. Publishers want the least onerous extension of the law to new and particularly to electronic formats, which some see as an opportunity to reduce the statutory six copies for deposit. The copyright libraries see their status possibly being affected, whilst universities see a new and important role for themselves in electronic archiving. The government has stipulated a solution at minimum cost to the industries involved, and if the publishing industry successfully lobbies for a reduction in the number of deposit copies, the national libraries will probably have the strongest case for retaining their privileges. Similar tensions arise over access to information content and its use in electronic form, especially transmission and reproduction, tensions that are already present in the British Library's service provision and its alleged impact on publishers' sales. The concept of ‘fair dealing’ will clearly have to be redefined. These and other important issues are now being aired, perhaps with more goodwill and trust than 20 years ago, between the British Library, some leading publishers, and the Publishers Association. Extension of the national archive to electronic and multimedia works will be a huge project requiring significant new funding. Indications for the future are greater selectivity, a reduction in the number of copies required, and a more streamlined administrative process. A comprehensive archive is unlikely to be achieved other than by statutory means.
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Garke, T. M., E. A. Kretova, and T. N. Melnikova. "Information and library aspects of communication in the Siberian agricultural science." Proceedings of SPSTL SB RAS, no. 3 (July 27, 2022): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20913/2618-7515-2022-3-31-36.
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The article presents a generalized vision of the place and role of the Siberian Scientific Agricultural Library (SIBSAL), libraries and information units of scientific organizations of agricultural profile of Siberia in the scientific communications system. The dynamics of SIBSAL interaction with the libraries of regional scientific research institutions (SRI) in connection with changes in the political and economic life of the country in the 1990-s are considered. Approaches to changing the concept of methodological management of libraries and information departments of specialized organizations are presented. Influence of fundamental transformations, entailing the reform of the scientific field and digitalization of the society, on the change in SIBSAL status, its functions and the model of interaction with NRU is described. There are given the results of scientific research conducted in 2017-2021 to study the state and development of the information support system of agricultural science, during which data were collected on changes in the organizational and legal form of scientific institutions, their activities, individual information preferences of scientists, and also information about the current state of the information and library system of agricultural science of Siberia. In connection with the creation of a new interregional association, tasks are set to study the state of libraries and information units of the Agricultural Research Institute of the Far Eastern and Arctic region, which will expand the boundaries of communication in the agricultural information space.
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Cornish, Graham P. "The Current State of UAP (Universal Availability of Publications): Better, Worse, or Much the Same?" Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 6, no. 3 (December 1994): 215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909400600306.
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The universal availability of publications is at the heart of librarianship. In the last ten years the UAP Programme has done much to promote the concept, and useful research has been carried out. Political changes have eroded ideological barriers in some parts of the world, but other barriers have appeared in their place as some states have disintegrated. The cessation of centralized funding in Eastern Europe has affected publishing as well as library budgets; some libraries no longer benefit from legal deposit. Charging for interlibrary supply has become more common, although libraries often cannot keep the revenue earned. The voucher scheme for international interlibrary supply devised by the UAP Programme would help by taking the currency element out of many transactions. Technology opens up the possibility of much better access, whether by the use of CD-ROMs of full text or by online transmission, but since it requires equipment for access and may be costly it could widen the gap between rich and poor. Problems of copyright have also to be solved; the CITED project may alleviate these. Most of the barriers to UAP are outside the control of libraries. The commercial sector is playing a greater part in document supply. Cooperation between libraries has been slow to develop. Overall, there have been improvements in availability but a good deal of action is still needed.
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Brockopp, Jonathan E. "Early Islamic Jurisprudence in Egypt: Two Scholars and Their Mukhtaṣars." International Journal of Middle East Studies 30, no. 2 (May 1998): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800065855.
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Recent scholarship on the manuscript libraries of North Africa has substantially increased the amount of literature available for analysis of the formative period in Islamic law, particularly for the nascent Malikite school. Students of Islamic law are now in a position, for instance, to begin a re-assessment of the 9th century, the vital transition period between the ancient schools of the 7th and 8th centuries, and the establishment of the classical schools in the 10th and 11th centuries.1 Not only will these new texts make the process of establishment of the classical schools clearer, they will also provide a much stronger basis for the study of earlier centuries, throwing into question the canonical status that has been granted to early legal texts by Western and traditional Muslim scholars alike.
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Putri, Respati Triana, and Febri Tursandi Ar-Rasyid. "CONCRETIZE THE HANDLING AND PROTECTION OF REFUGEES ACROSS NATIONAL BORDERS IN INDONESIA." Journal of Law and Border Protection 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v2i2.201.
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This paper was written to find out the state of application of international legal instruments regarding refugee cases in a cross-brick country and to find out why there was a flow of refugees across Indonesian borders. By conducting studies in several libraries so that a written paper is created which has several important points, namely first, the State of Indonesia as a developing country does not have to justify the contents of the 1951 convention and the 1967 Protocol, because the Indonesian state has practiced the contents of the international agreements that have been mentioned. And refugees will continue to enter and make Indonesia a transit point to occupy destination countries that have been targeted by refugees. Second, cooperation between the Indonesian government and international institutions such as IOM and UNHCR is believed to be able to solve the problem of refugees which continues to be present in the territory of the State of Indonesia even though in practice it is often problematic in the realm of immigration because there is no governing law in Indonesia or the Indonesian authorities that determine it. Refugee status for those who enter Indonesian territory without holding official letters or documents related to entry into Indonesian territory. Therefore, the Immigration Service classifies them as legal immigrants if they are part of the refugees and cooperate with UNHCR, which is an international institution as a follow-up to determine the status of immigrants.
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Panchenko, Anatoly M. "European Experience in Organization of Military Libraries in the Russian Empire." Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] 70, no. 5 (December 1, 2021): 525–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-5-525-538.
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Due to the lack of comprehensive research in the area of use of the experience of military libraries in Europe, the article for the first time examines the ways of studying it and the forms of implementation when establishing military libraries in the Russian Empire. The purpose of the study is to identify the influence of Europe on the military librarianship in Russia.The author collected data from dozens of pre-revolutionary publications, articles from the military periodical press and regulatory documents that allowed to characterize the source base of the study as representative.The article presents the history of military libraries of European states. The results of research show that the main ways to obtain information about them were: the study of foreign military literature and the military periodical press; analysis of regulatory and legal documents (statutes, rules, manuals, regulations, catalogues) regulating the activities of these libraries; foreign business trips of officers and generals in order to familiarize themselves with the structure and functioning of foreign armies and their libraries; reports of Russian military agents; participation in international exhibitions of books and textbooks.The author revealed dozens of articles indicating that the experience of creating and operating of military libraries abroad was widely covered in the Russian military periodical press. The military Department of Russia closely followed these processes, adopting and implementing the best and useful of them taking into account Russian realities. The study of the creation of military libraries in Europe became a prerequisite for their organization in Russia. The European experience was reflected in the ways of budgeting and acquisition, in the forms of management and supervision over them, the formation of regulatory framework and in the variety of their types.The conducted research expanded the understanding of the state of military librarianship in European countries, about the ways of studying their experience by the Russian military Department and the forms of its practical application in the structure of military libraries of the Russian Empire.
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Zaher, Célia Ribeiro, and Angela Bettencourt. "Electronic Consortium of Libraries: A Bibliographical Cooperation Scheme." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 17, no. 2 (August 2005): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574900501700207.
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In 1982 a Brazilian joint venture of cooperative automated cataloging at national level started, which developed in the 1990s with the greater use of the Internet and changes of format and software to provide Internet access to online catalogues. In consequence, major changes were made from 1997 on to operate with new software entirely online, with full Internet access for remote users and an Intranet for cataloguing from 80 workstations. The launching, in 1998, of a website with one million records, including the current National Bibliography, linked to images and sounds, legal deposit records and ISBN registration, as well as full text classical Brazilian literature, has created an impact on users. In 1999 registers of copyright records were also made available on the web, and today encompass 200,000 items. An Electronic Consortium of Libraries was created in 1998 which caters to users and also deals with libraries individually through its outreach programme. The sophisticated system of copy cataloguing permits libraries which become members of the Consortium to download full bibliographical records and multimedia, free of charge, from the National Bibliography. The online cataloguing software has built-in automated Portuguese translation offering cataloguers at their workstation access to official translated terms of subject headings used by the Library of Congress. Several thematic sites have been developed to cater to cultural awareness, targeting social, economic and cultural aspects of the different history and life of all states in Brazil, showing the cultural diversity of the North and South of the country.
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Akilina, Maria I. "Education and Professional Development Training of Methodologists: Based on the Research Materials." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)] 67, no. 5 (December 7, 2018): 571–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2018-67-5-571-579.
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The article is devoted to the results of the research “Personnel of Methodologists of the Central Libraries of the Subjects of the Russian Federation”, conducted by the Center for Research on the Development of Libraries in the Information Society of the Russian State Library in 2017. The article presents the results of one of the aspects of the study related to the problems of education and professional development training of employees of methodical services of the Central Libraries of the Russian Federation. 97,9% employees of the methodical divisions have higher education that demonstrates high educational status of the methodical personnel. At the same time, almost one third of the staff does not have the specialized library training. Non-core education is represented by various disciplines, mainly of humanitarian area. Participants of the research also noted the discrepancy between the education of graduates of library qualification and modern requirements of methodical activities and the great need for continuous professional development training of staff of specialized methodical units. The author studied participation of methodologists in the activities of the professional development system, as well as the topics of these activities. There were almost no training events organized specifically for methodologists, and their participation in the numerous training events was not systematic. The analysis of educational needs of methodologists showed the greatest deficiency of events on legal subjects and organization of methodical activities. The results of the study are important for the subsequent development of the professional training strategy and system of professional development training of the personnel of methodical services.
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Layard, Antonia. "Privatising land in England." Journal of Property, Planning and Environmental Law 11, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 151–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jppel-03-2019-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to analyse the extent to which privatising – or denationalising land – has legal and policy effects. Design/methodology/approach It applies the law in context scholarship to the question of land privatisation. Findings Of all the recent privatisations in England, the most valuable, and yet least recorded, is of land. According to one estimate, two million hectares or 10 per cent of the Britain landmass, left the public sector for private ownership between 1979 and 2018. Privatisations include land that is sold, leased or where a public body changes its status. This paper aims to explore these privatisations, considering them as denationalisations, concluding that the effects are most significant in housing where the differences between social and private renting in relation to rents, the security of tenure and housing quality are striking. Moreover, although other public law restraints on the state-owned property are often limited, they are also still significant, facilitating scrutiny, particularly in combination with the public sector equality duty or site-specific duties for libraries, allotments or playing fields. All the sites disposed of to private developers, landlords and companies have lost these protections. Originality/value This is the first time this question has been considered in this way from a legal perspective.
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Panyella, Vinyet. "The Biblioteca de Catalunya – National Library of Catalonia." Alexandria: The Journal of National and International Library and Information Issues 5, no. 2 (August 1993): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095574909300500205.
Full textAbstract:
Like all national libraries, the Biblioteca de Catalunya is being affected by change. Founded in 1907, it had a difficult time from the mid-1930s until constitutional government was restored, but received full recognition of its status and role as the national library of Catalonia in 1981; this was reinforced in 1993. It receives Catalan material on legal deposit, is responsible for the Catalan national bibliography and union catalogue, and acquires additional material by purchase, donation and exchange. Its collections, mainly of printed books and music, manuscripts and prints, number over 2 million items and include many rare and valuable documents. It also has an accepted leadership role among Catalan libraries. The changes afoot are mainly in the automation of acquisitions and cataloguing, where the library was a late starter but where much progress has already been made; in the progressive introduction of managerial methods into all procedures; and most conspicuously in a radical rebuilding programme which reflects the revised functions and redesigned procedures. The present medieval building is being reorganized internally to provide better reading and working areas, and previous additions to it are being removed and replaced with larger purpose-built storage areas. Some of the work is now completed, without any disruption to the library's operations, but the whole programme is not due to finish until 1996.