Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Liaisons N-N'
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Doussot, Joël. "Formation selective de liaisons c-n et c-cn par substitution nucleophile oxydante de liaisons c-h." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066076.
Full textDesmarchelier, Alaric. "Cascades réactionnelles organocatalysées : création stéréosélective de liaisons C-N et C-C." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0031.
Full textThe work presented in this manuscript aims at the study of organocascade reactions enabling the stereoselective formation of C-N and C-C bonds. Several sequential one-pot approaches yielding highly functionalized products from simple substrates have been developed. The first chapter describes the enantioselective synthesis of aziridines from α-substituted enals. α-difunctionalization of aldehydes has then been studied via double-enamine activation. The second chapter presents a one-pot Mannich reaction/electrophilic amination of acetaldehyde, leading to vicinal diamines. The third chapter studies a Michael reaction/electrophilic amination cascade, giving rise to hydrazinoaldehydes bearing a quaternary stereocenter. Finally, the last chapter focuses on the electrophilic amination of α,α-disubstituted aldehydes, and its application in an organocascade reaction, leading to 3-pyrrolines with a quaternary stereocenter
Elhilali, Abdellah. "Synthèse et cyclisation de tétra N-hydroxy peptides." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20144.
Full textMaillos, Philippe. "Formation de liaisons Carbone-Azote par réaction SRN¹ en série aliphatique." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112185.
Full textFrogneux, Xavier. "Transformations réductrices du CO2 pour la formation de liaisons C-N et C-C." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112136/document.
Full textIn the current world, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the major waste of the massive utilization of fossil resources but only few applications have been developed using this compound. In order to take advantage of its abundancy, the development of novel chemical transformation of CO2 to produce fine chemicals is of high interest in the scientific community. In particular, the formation of C-N bond(s) from CO2 and amine compounds unlocks a new way to access high energy and value-added. A second type of highly desirable transformation is the formation of C-C bonds with CO2 so as to synthesize carboxylic acid derivatives. The utilization of hydrosilanes as mild reductants allows the reactions to proceed under 1 bar of CO2 with abundant and cheap metal-based catalysts (iron, zinc) or with organocatalysts. The synthesis of formamides, methylamines and aminals from CO2 are described herein. Ultimately, the catalytic carboxylation of carbosilanes has been achieved for the first time using copper-based complexes. In the specific case of 2-pyridylsilanes, the use of pentavalent fluoride salts allowed us to perform the reaction without catalyst
Cassano, Valérie. "Nouveaux hétérocycles organométallés polynucléaires à liaisons Ge-Pt et Ge-X (X=O, S, N)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30091.
Full textCavillon, Fabrice. "Caractérisation de la liaison hydrogène dans des systèmes moléculaires d'intérêt biologique par diffusion de neutrons." Lille 1, 2004. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2004/50376-2004-155-156.pdf.
Full textChu, Ngoc Chau. "Hydroamination intermoléculaire des liaisons multiples carbone–carbone dans les solvants ioniques : effet activant de n-Bu4PBr." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30223.
Full textThe platinum-catalyzed intermolecular hydroamination of alkenes (norbornene, ethylene, hex-1-ène) is reported for the first time. The ligandless, non-toxic PtBr2/n-Bu4PBr/H+ catalytic system allows reaching TON ≥ 200 (ethylene, hex-1-ène). Furthermore, a 95 % Markovnikov regioselectivity is observed (hex-1-ène), thus opening the way to enantioselective hydroamination in the presence of well-suited chiral ligands. The same results are obtained for reactions performed in the air. An activating role of n-Bu4PBr has been clearly evidenced, which is due to the presence of the bromide ions. An overall mechanism has been proposed which explains at which level this activation occurs. It has also be shown for the first time that PtBr2 catalyses the regioselective (Markovnikov) hydroamination of terminal alkynes to the corresponding imines
LAGE, NADIA. "Formation regioselective de liaisons carbone-carbone et synthese de cetenimines a partir de n-phenyl imidothioesters." Caen, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CAEN2049.
Full textNasr, Allah Tawfiq. "Création de liaisons C-C et C-N par transformation catalytique du CO et du CO₂." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS607/document.
Full textApart from the preparation of salicylic acid and urea, few attempts have been made so far to promote the formation of C-C and C-N bonds from CO₂. This thesis describes new catalytic processes allowing the formation of nitrogen compounds through the creation of C-N and C-C bonds by catalytic transformations of CO and CO₂. The chosen targets are the amides and the alkylamines which are essential in fine organic chemistry and yet prepared from petrochemicals. In a first part, the amide synthesis by formal carbonylation of the C-N bond HAS been studied using catalysts based on first row transition metal carbonyl complexes. In a second part, methods enabling homologation of amines are described through the use of metal catalysts. The first strategy involved the use of cobalt catalysts in presence of CO and hydrosilanes which allow the selective homologation of N-methyl into N-ethyl derivatives under a low CO pressure (P= 8 bar). Also, the alkyl chain can be homologated under elevated CO pressures to reach N-pentyl derivatives. Finally, the use of a ruthenium catalyst in presence of a synthesis gas (CO / H₂) allowed us to demonstrate the possibility of the homologation of the diphenylamine. Understanding this system led to translate the amine homologation with syngas to the use of CO₂ as a substitute for CO
Imani, Zeynab. "Le rôle d’interactions N-H···S proximales dans des peptides." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF015.
Full textNon-covalent interactions play a key role in chemical biology phenomena such as the stabilization of protein tertiary and quaternary structure or protein-protein and protein-substrate recognition. Among these interactions, the classical amide-type NH···O=C hydrogen bond has been thoroughly studied. The study of other types of non-covalent interactions implicating peptide backbone NH groups is much rarer. This work focused on the impact of NH···S hydrogen bonding on the conformational preferences of thioether amino acid residues and their short oligomers. A panel of capped derivatives of the following non-canonical sulfur-containing amino acids was prepared: Cys(Me) (acyclic), Attc (thietane), Atlc (thiolane), Atc (thiane). These derivatives were characterized computationally, by IR/UV double resonance laser spectroscopy in the gas phase, by IR and NMR spectroscopy in solution, and in the solid state. We demonstrated the concomitant existence of inter-residue C6ˠ NH···S hydrogen bonds and C5 NH···O=C interactions in each of these four compounds. This combined stabilizing feature was also prevalent in Attc oligomers. A different intra-residue C5ˠ NH···S hydrogen bond was characterized in short oligomers of Atlc and Atc, in some cases associated with a ˠ-turn NH···O=C interaction. The significance of NH···S bonding in the combined C5-C6ˠ structural feature of Attc was evaluated by comparison with capped derivatives of other four-membered ring amino acids: Ac4c (cyclobutane), Aatc(Me) (azetidine), Aotc (oxetane). The C5–C6ˠ feature was present in the three heterocyclic residues: comparison of their IR spectra in gas phase and in solution, aided by theoretical calculations, allowed us to identify an increasing strength of NH···X hydrogen bonding from X=O to X=S to X=N
Vabre, Roxane. "Fonctionnalisation directe de liaisons C-H et couplages croisés pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N : synthèse de purines 6,8,9-trisubstituées." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923198.
Full textCalvet, Géraldine. "Réaction de nitroso Diels-Alder avec des diénophiles de type alpha-acyloxynitroso en présence d'acides de Lewis : application à la synthèse de pyrroles polysubstitués et à la synthèse des clavépictines A et B." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112141.
Full textWe have developed α-acyloxynitroso as a new type of reactive dienophile in the nitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition. α-Acyloxynitrosos are conveniently synthesized from the corresponding oxime in good yield. The cycloaddition with a 1,3-diene and 0 or 20 mol% of a Lewis acid lead to an hydroxycarbamate instead of the expected dihydrooxazine resulting formally from the N-O bond. We have studied the nitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition of α-acyloxynitroso dienophile in aqueous medium. Under these conditions, the cycloaddition reaction led exclusively to the cycloadduct. Various 1,3-dienes were evaluated under optimized conditions, the corresponding dihydrooxazines were obtained in good yield Among the different strategies known for the elaboration of dihydrooxazines by nitroso Diels-Alder cycloaddition, this methodology presents the advantage of being flexible, allowing a straightforward access to dihydrooxazine in aqueous medium or the corresponding N-O bond cleaved product in anhydrous solvent. Finally, we have exploited the cycloadducts obtained in these previous studies in the synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles. These cycloadducts can be viewed as latent pyrroles : N-O bond cleavage followed by oxydation reaction of the resulting hydroxycarbamate lead to polysubstituted pyrroles. The application of this methodology to the synthesis of clavepictine, a secondary metabolite of the Bermudian tunicate Clavelina picta is currently underway, using as key steps the cycloaddition of an acetoxynitroso dienophile in water followed by a ring rearrangement metathesis
Rose, Clémence. "De la synthèse de porphyrines fonctionnalisées par des sels d'imidazolium à la formation de dimères de porphyrines cofaciales assemblées par des liaisons métal-carbène." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS083.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the synthesis of porphyrins functionalized in meso positions with one or four imidazolium rings. First of all, these compounds have been tested as photosensitizers for in vitro studies for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications on breast cancer cells MCF-7. Regarding to the efficiency of some of them in PDT, chlorine-based compounds functionalized with an imidazole/imidazolium ring have also been synthesized through hemi-synthetic pathway, with spirulina-extracted chlorophyll a as precursor. Then, porphyrins functionalized in meso positions with four imidazolium rings have been used as precursors of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) ligands for the synthesis of cofacial porphyrin dimers assembled by M-CNHC bonds. The modularity of these assemblies has been explored by modifying assembling metal cations (M = AgI, AuI), organic spacers between porphyrins and NHCs or the nature of the intern metal M’ located in the porphyrin cores of the dimer (M’ = 2H, ZnII, CoII/III). Electronic and biological properties of these dimers have been investigated. Preliminary results have also been obtained in the field of host-guest chemistry (encapsulation of small molecules) and in electrocatalysis for the O2 reduction reaction (ORR)
Cavillon, François. "Caractérisation de la liaison hydrogène dans des systèmes moléculaires d'intérêt biologique par diffusion de neutrons." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00286946.
Full textCharvieux, Aubin. "Autotransfert d’hydrogène catalysé par du nickel hétérogène pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1139.
Full textA wide range of nucleophiles could be alkylated through borrowing hydrogen methodology using alcohols as low toxicity alkylating agents. Advantageously, the only byproduct of these high atom economy reactions is water. In this context, nickel supported on silica-alumina (65 wt% Ni/SiO2-Al2O3) was used to create C-C bonds, particularly to perform the α-alkylation of ketones with alcohols, of which methanol. The full characterization of this catalyst was made, before and after use. Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 was found to be recyclable over 5 runs for the α-alkylation of acetophenone with benzyl alcohol. The cross-benzylation-methylation of acetophenone with methanol and benzyl alcohols was also studied. The α-benzylation of phenylacetonitrile by benzyl alcohol was performed with Ni/SiO2-Al2O3. This catalyst was also able to catalyse the N-alkylation of amides with alcohols. In this case, an important leaching of the catalyst in solution was observed. Finally, Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 was also efficient to catalyze an acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling, allowing the synthesis of an indole from aniline and a vicinal diol
Brousse, Elodie. "Modélisation et caractérisation de nouveaux matériaux en couches As2GenTe3+n." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20163.
Full textPialat, Amélie. "Formation de liaisons C-N et C-O par catalyse de coordination ou par oxydation à l'iode hypervalent." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20204/document.
Full textThe direct functionalization of C-H bonds offers an attractive, atom- and step-economical alternative to traditional methods based on functional group transformations. Intermolecular C(sp3)-H amination reactions involving nitrene intermediates usually proceed with moderate yields and regioselectivities. In this context, new bifunctional compounds were developed and applied to copper and silver-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reactions. These systems, however, have been found to be ineffective under the reaction conditions.Our research has also focused on the iodine(III)-mediated nucleophilic functionalization of anilides. The direct triflation and triflimidation of acetanilides were accomplished with the use of affordable and easy-to-handle silver(I) triflate or triflimidate respectively, under mild oxidative conditions, exhibiting perfect regioselectivity for the para position. A complete optimization of the reaction conditions and an evaluation of the scope allowed us to prepare a variety of diversely substituted aryltriflates (and nonaflates) in synthetically useful yields
Berges, Julien. "Formation de liaisons C-C et C-N par catalyse au Cuivre, au Fer ou en absence de metal de transition." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENCM0014.
Full textThis thesis is part of a very general search seek to develop methodologies for environmentally sustainable conversion of small molecules into more valuable substances catalyzed by copper and iron complexes or under metal-free conditions. The work focuses on the functionalization of aromatic rings by C-C or C-N bond formation.In a first chapter, a novel coupling involving an aryldiazonium salt and a nitrogenous nucleophile (CAr-N bond formation) is first described. The method proceeds under mild conditions using a cheap and non-toxic copper catalyst system. The obtained coupling products (Ar-NHet) are of central interest in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industry. Then in a second part, a method allowing the coupling between aryldiazonium salts and styrene derivatives, using a BuOK / DMF system is presented. This reaction, carried out for the first time in the absence of catalysts based on transition metals, makes it possible to access to various stilbene units which find numerous applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.A second chapter concerns the use of hypervalent iodine derivatives allowing the functionalization of aromatic or vinyl substrates. A first method describes a direct triflimidation reaction of acetanilide compounds with an exclusive selectivity in the para position. Two reactions conditions have been established for this functionalization. One uses a stoichiometric amount of PhI(OAc)2 and another uses a catalytic amount of iodotoluene (in-situ generation of iodine (III)). This transformation resulted in the formation of CAr-N bonds in the presence of lithium bis (trifluoromethane) sulfonimide (LINTf2) as the nitrogen nucleophile. In a second part, we have shown that bisphosphoranilidene iodide (PNPI) can catalyze a selective vinylic trifluoromethylation of styrene derivatives in the presence of a hypervalent iodine reagent (iodine (III)), Togni’s reagent II. Work is under way to try to understand the positive influence of PNPI.A third chapter describes preliminary results of an iron-catalyzed heterocoupling of 4-iodotoluene an phenylithium system allowing the obtention of an honorable yield (54%) during the coupling of 4-iodotoluene with phenyllithium. Another series of tests describes the coupling between aryl halides and primary alkyllithiums. The method seems to be very effective, since very recent work in the literature for similar couplings involving the same reaction partners involves catalysts of iron or palladium
Brachet, Etienne. "Nouvelles réactions métallocatalyées pour la création de liaisons C-N et C-S : applications à la synthèse d'inhibiteurs de la Hsp90." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA114836/document.
Full textThe development of new metal-catalyzed reactions to form carbon-heteroatom bonds have been studied in order to access to hsp90 inhibitors. For this purpose, reactivity of various 3-chloroquinoxalinone have been explored towards Pd-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig reaction with nitrogen nucleophiles (amides, azoles…) which allow access to a serie of 6BrCaQ analogues. In the same objective, the reactivity of N-aminoazole moieties in a Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction has been also performed. This methodology led to the synthesis of new 6BrCaQ analogues. Moreover, conditions have been defined to access mono- or di-arylated N-aminoazoles structures starting from aryl chlorides. Finally, reactivity studies on metal-catalyzed carbon-sulfur bond forming reaction between thioglycosides as new nucleophiles partners with various aglycon halides ((hetero)aromatics, alkenyls and alkynyls halides) have been performed. Thanks to a nickel- or a palladium-catalysis, we have been able to introduce these thiosugars on various electrophiles partners and complex molecules. Thioglycosylated 6BrCaQ has been thus obtained.Biological evaluations of new synthesized compounds are currently in progress
TOTAL, ALINE. "Activation de liaisons cc, ch et cx (x=o, n) par le monocation metallique al#+. Approches theorique et experimentale." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066478.
Full textAziz, Jessy. "Réactivités de N-Tosylhydrazones : application à la Synthèse d’Analogues de l’isoCombrétastatine A-4." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA114839.
Full textThis manuscript reports the development of new metal-catalyzed reactions using N-tosylhydrazones as coupling partners for the creation of carbon-carbon and carbon-nitrogen bonds. These reactions are applied in the synthesis of analogues of isocombretastatine A-4 (isoCA-4), a vascular disrupting agent.First, a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between N-tosylhydrazones and aryl halides was developed. By this means, polysubstituted olefins with an alkoxy motif were synthesized and presented good biological activities. Then, aromatic 1,5-enynes were synthesized by a multi-step approach using N-tosylhydrazones as intermediates. The regioselectivity of the cyclisation of these enynes was controlled depending on the reaction conditions. Under gold catalysis, a major 6-endo-dig cyclisation pattern leads to naphthalene derivatives while under palladium catalysis; an exclusive 5-exo-dig cyclisation furnishes benzofulvène derivatives. Conformationnally restricted isoCA-4 analogues could be synthesized by applying this method. A copper-catalyzed reductive coupling between N-tosylhydrazones and amines leading to -branched amine derivatives was also developed. Finally, a cascade reaction between 2’-halo-biaryl-N-tosylhydrazones and amines furnished fluoren scaffold by the formation of CC and CN bonds on the same carbenic atom
Kuhl, Sébastien. "Activation de liaisons carbone-halogène et carbone-azote par des catalyseurs de nickel(0) ligandés par un carbène N-hétérocyclique." Nancy 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NAN10112.
Full textThis work describes the preparation of new nickel catalysts liganded with N-heterocyclic carbenes for the reduction of (poly)halogenated arenes and imines and for the N,N'-diarylation of aromatic diamines. In a first part, the Ni(0)/IMes (1/2) catalyst, associated to i-PrONa, was used for the reduction of (poly)chlorinated arenes. Carbon-fluorine bonds of fluoroarenes can also be activated by the Ni(0)/IMes (1/1) catalyst and be reduced in the presence of the secondary alkoxide Et2CHONa. Transfer hydrogenation of imines into amines is also possible with this catalyst. In the second part, the development of a new nickel catalyst, noted Ni(0)/IPr (1/2), for the N,N'-diarylation of aromatic diamines is described. The synthesis of new N,N'-diaryldiamines containing a 4-[10-(4-aminophényl)-9-anthryl]aniline moiety is reported. It has been shown that the diaryldiamines possess fluorescent properties and that they were reversibly oxidized into stable di(radical cation)s
Begouin, Jeanne-Marie. "Activation de composés aromatiques et hétéroaromatiques pour la formation de liaisons C-C et C-N par catalyse au cobalt." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST0033.
Full textTransition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions allowing the formation of C-C or C-Heteroatom bonds underlie the synthesis of key intermediates for pharmaceutical, supramolecular chemistry and material sciences. Thereby, the development of these methodologies is prominent and an increasing number of studies are devoted to these processes. However, some metallic catalysts are known to be rather expensive or toxic. Consequently, the development of alternative sustainable catalysts such as cobalt or ironbased catalysts has been studied over the past few years. Cobalt-catalysts have been little-used although they have shown to be effective for various C-C bond forming reactions. Functionalized arylzinc reagents can be readily obtained from the corresponding arylhalides using a CoBr2-catalyzed reaction. First we envisioned using these arylzinc reagents in CoBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with chlorodiazines and chlorotriazines leading to aryldiazines and aryltriazines. Benzylzinc reagents had also been used in these reactions and we synthesized various benzyltriazines in this manner. We also studied whether we can use other kind of substrates in these reactions. Thus, we performed CoBr2-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between arylzinc reagents and methylthiopyrimidines or methylthiobenzo[b]thiazole derivatives leading to 2,4-diarylpyrimidines and 2- arylbenzo[b]thiazole. Then, we studied the reactivity of benzonitrile derivatives in direct cross-coupling reactions with arylhalide based on C-CN bond activation using CoBr2 as catalyst. Finally, we also carried out the study of CoBr2-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions for the synthesis of diarylamines
Trigui, Mohamed. "Biodégradation des amines cycliques par Mycobacterium sp. RP1 et Pseudomonas putida O1G3 : Caractérisation des monooxygénases impliquées dans l'hydroxylation des liaisons C-N." Compiègne, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002COMP1415.
Full textOertel, Anna Magdalena. "Synthèse et réactivité de complexes du nickel(II) comportant des ligands carbène N-hétérocyclique : des réactions de couplage C-C croisé à l'activation de liaisons C-H." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/OERTEL_Anna_Magdalena_2010.pdf.
Full textThe research in this thesis targets some aspects of the chemistry of nickel-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. A series of half-sandwich nickel(II) complexes, [Ni(R-NHC-n-Bu]XCp†] (Cp† = Cp, Cp*, X = Cl, I), bearing a N-bound n-butyl sidearm NHC ligands has been synthesized from the appropriate imidazolium halides and nickelocene or [Ni(acac)Cp*] as models for heterogenized versions of these complexes. All these complexes were fully characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques [1H and 13C{1H}NMR spectroscopy, 2D spectroscopy when appropriate, MS, and elemental analyses]. Furthermore, many representative complexes were the subject of single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. All these complexes feature a two-legged piano stool geometry common for 18-electron MCp†L2 compounds with a trigonal planar geometry around the central nickel atom. The [Ni(Ar-NHC-n-Bu)ICp] compounds are highly active catalysts for the Suzuki cross-coupling of aryl bromides or chlorides with phenylboronic acid in the absence of any reductant or co-catalyst and show higher turnover frequencies (TOF) than seen in their closely related symmetric [Ni(Ar2-NHC)LCp†] counterparts. The origin of the improved stability of the in situ generated active species is discussed. A heterogenized version of these complexes onto alumina has been prepared by employing 3-(trialkoxysilylpropyl)imidazolium halides and tested in Suzuki cross-coupling. In the prospect of enhancing the longevity of the active species, unprecedented half-sandwich Ni(II) complexes bearing two different NHC ligands were prepared by displacement of the labile acetonitrile ligand from [Ni(Ar2-NHC)(CH3CN)Cp]+X- with a “free” NHC. The resulting cationic bis-(NHC)-nickel complexes [Ni(NHC)(NHC’)Cp]+X- show remarkable stability, and thus low acitivity in Suzuki couplings. The Ni– NHC bonds are particularly robust as can be demonstrated by the displacement of the Cp, and not of a NHC ligand, when these bis-NHC Cp complexes are protonated. The final chapter presents a novel reaction in which the base-promoted activation of sp3-hybridized C– H bonds a- to functional organic groups at Cp†Ni-NHC centres was achieved. The scope and breadth of this activation is demonstrated by the activation of acetonitrile, acetone and other ketones under relatively mild conditions to give a range of new nickel alkyls. A remarkable double activation of acetone was notably demonstrated. The activation of C–H bonds a-to nitriles in NHC-attached sidearms to give a series of new half-sandwich nickelacycles was also achieved. Possible mechanistic pathways for these reactions have been the subject of theoretical DFT analyses. Similarly to the bis-NHC species, the nickelacycles show great robustness of the NHC– and alkyl–Ni bonds
Daniel, Matthieu. "Nouvelles stratégies de synthèse d’hétérocycles polyazotés pour la conception de molécules énergétiques dérivées d’(aza)indazoles et de 1,3a,6a-triazapentalènes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ORLE3210.
Full textDue to their wide range of applications, the elaboration of original energetic materials represents an important part of research in organic chemistry. Besides, the stability and the high explosive performances of azaheterocycles, provided by their compact and nitrogen rich structures, make them promising candidates for energetic applications. Thus, the development of innovative methodologies is essential and remains very challenging. In this context, we aimed at developing new methodologies to access functionalized nitrogen rich heterocycles. For this purpose, we first investigated a recent strategy giving access to polynitrated (aza)indazoles via a Staudinger/aza-Wittig tandem reaction. A second part was dedicated to the development of an original way to synthesize tricyclic triazapentalene derivatives from non-hazardous and readily available precursors. The generation of electrophilic nitrogen, essential to achieve this transformation, was ensured by various heteroaryl amines in presence of hypervalent iodine in mild conditions.The last part of this work focused on the application of these strategies to access new energetic materials
Fenard, Emmanuelle. "Céramiques composites du système Ti/B/N : Propriétés mécaniques et résistance à la corrosion." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0029.
Full textLishchynskyi, Anton. "Development of new methods for the asymmetric formation of C-N bonds." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAF026.
Full textThe concept of metal-ligand bifunctionality was successfully applied for an enantioselective aza-Michael reaction by employing well-defined ruthenium amido complexes. The catalyst was optimised and the corresponding chiral indoline β-amino acid derivatives were obtained with high enantioselectivities. Next, a straightforward enantioselective bifunctional organocatalytic approach was also developed. Employing hydroquinidine as catalyst the corresponding cyclic products were obtained in excellent enantioselectivities and quantitative yields. These compounds can be selectively deprotected and applied to peptide synthesis. Finally, we have developed unprecedented diamination reactions of styrenes, butadienes and hexatrienes employing easily accessible hypervalent iodine(III) reagents under robust reaction conditions. The first examples of the metal-free 1,2-diamination of butadienes were demonstrated and this oxidation methodology was further extended to the highly attractive 1,4 installation of two nitrogen atoms within a single step
PFISTER, XAVIER. "Preparation de nouveaux catalyseurs chiraux de ruthenium (ii) application a l'hydrogenation asymetrique de liaisons c=o, c=n et c=c." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066697.
Full textPeytour, Claude. "Étude de la microstructure et des propriétés mécaniques de liaisons céramique-métal entre Al₂O₃, ZrO₂ , Si₃N₄ et l'alliage TA6V." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112329.
Full textLi, Jihui. "Copper-Catalyzed Domino C-N Bond Formation for Synthesis of N-Containing Compounds (Benzimidazoles, Imidazoles, and Guanidines) - Approach toward Total Synthesis of Natural Product Raputindoles." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112130.
Full textThis thesis consists in three parts: bibliographic background, copper-catalyzed reactions for synthesis of N-containing compounds, approach to the synthesis of raputindoles.The first part introduces the domino reactions and their applications, then, copper-mediated reactions for construction of C-N bond formation are reviewed including Ullmann, Goldberg and Chan-Lam coupling, oxidative C-H activation/C-N formation, insertion of nitrenes and carbenoids, and hydroamination of multi-C-C bonds. This can be used as guides to design domino reaction. Following these copper-mediated single C-N bond formation reactions, recent developments of copper-catalyzed domino reactions for synthesis of heterocycles are described.The second part can be divided into three sections: 1) synthesis of benzimidazoles, 2) synthesis of imidazoles and 3) synthesis of guanidines. Each section summarizes the existing methods used for their synthesis. Following it, our synthetic work involving copper-catalyzed C-N bond formation domino reactions is discussed in detail. Our objectives include the synthesis of benzimidazoles through copper-catalyzed sequential reaction of benzamidines and boronic acids, synthesis of imidazoles via copper-catalyzed domino reaction of benzamidines and acetylenes, and synthesis of guanidines and 2-aminobenzimidazoles by Cu-catalyzed three-component reaction of cyanamides, boronic acids and amines. These copper-catalyzed domino reactions show high efficiencies from readily available and simple starting materials.The last part is about the total synthesis of raputindoles. The structure and bioactivities of raputindoles and key reactions for the total synthesis of raputindoles are introduced first, the synthetic strategies are then proposed on basis of relative synthetic methods. The key reactions we use for the synthesis of raputindoles are iridium catalyzed [3+2] annulation of o-formylarylboronic acids and 1,3-dienes, Leimgruber-Batcho indole synthesis, transition-metal catalyzed SN2 substitution and alkylborylation-protondeborylation. According to the three strategies we proposed, lots of relative reactions were investigated. The results show that it is possible to synthesize the raputindole molecules based on the iridium catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 2-formylarylboronic acids and 1,3-dienes
Ulm, Franck. "Synthèse et applications de complexes de nickel(II) pour l’optimisation et la compréhension des réactions d’hydrofonctionnalisation et d’activation C–H." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF043.
Full textThe first study showed that among several half sandwich nickel complexes, [NiCp*Cl(IMes)] was the most active pre-catalyst for the hydroboration of styrene derivatives but also that the nature of the borane had a great influence on the addition regioselectivity. With optimized conditions in hand, we examined the scope of the reaction with HBPin and HBCat. In addition, mechanistic studies and isolation of a Ni(I) specie allowed us to propose a mechanism that takes all the previous results into account. The second study highlighted the good performances of (2-C,S)-[NiCp{Bn-NHC-(CH2)2-StBu}](PF6) for the hydrosilylation of aldehydes and ketones, confirming the concept of hemilability. This study has also been completed by the synthesis and the evaluation of the performance for the same reaction of (2-C,N)-[NiCp{Mes-NHC-CH2-Py}](Br) bearing a picolyl group that is apparently more coordinant than a sulfur group. Finally, the last study has been oriented toward the cyclonickelation of the dmba and the 2-phenylpyridine by means of AMLA/CMD mechanism already known with palladium
Phung, Quang Linh. "Synthèse de ligands chiraux de type phosphine-phosphite et phosphine-carbène N-hétérocyclique pour la catalyse asymétrique." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUES033.
Full textCatalytic asymmetric synthesis using organometallic reagents has become one of the most active areas of research in modern organic synthesis. To achieve the highest levels of reactivity and selectivity in catalytic enantioselective reactions, several reactions parameters must be optimized. Among them, the selection and design of the chiral ligand is perhaps the most crucial step. We have developed two families of bidentate ligands : phosphine-phosphite and phosphine N-heterocyclic carbene. These two series of ligands have a chiral center to the α-position next to the phosphine moiety. This stereogenic α-position could be of great importance since the phosphorus atom is directly associated with the transition metal in the asymmetric reaction. Phosphine-phosphite ligands were tested in the Rh-catayzed asymmetric hydrogenation (ee up to 84%) and hydroformylation (no asymmetric induction). Phosphine N-heterocyclic carbene ligands were tested in the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation and hydrosilylation (no asymmetric induction), and with promising results in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Levasseur, Nathalie. "Étude théorique du mécanisme de formation d'une liaison chimique entre deux ions : A⁺ et B⁺ : application à CO⁺⁺ : interprétation des mécanismes de photodissociation de N₂O⁺⁺." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112325.
Full textFrom Complex Objects to Object-Oriented Databases. This thesis is concerned with the two main streams of database research:• Complex object models: the relational data model provides a good theoretical foundation for databases and data manipulation languages. However, this model lacks of semantic power for the new emerging applications of databases (CAD, CAM, Office automation). The data involved in these domains of application are structurally more complex than sets of flat tuples. Our work in the Verso project defines a model for complex objects whose operations can be implemented by a finite state automato11 which filters data on the fly. • Object-oriented databases: although complex objects models provide good solutions for taking into account complex data, they fall short of solving the problem of applications programming. Their associated languages lack of the necessary computing power. In the early 80's, new systems appeared which mixed database functionalities with the computing power of a general purpose programming language. Depending of the approach, we can speak of persistent programming languages or object oriented data bases. This work is composed of two parts. The first one (Chapters I to V) presents a state of the art which describes the main results in the database research on complex objects models (chapter I) and database pro gramming languages ( chapters II to V). The second part of this thesis (Chapter VI) groups seven publications which describe our work in these two domains
Benouargha, Amina. "Nouvelles méthodologies en synthèse peptidique : N-protection des aminoacides par trifluoroacétylation : réactifs de couplage supportés sur polymères/ par Amina Benouargha." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20216.
Full textTadros, Ziad. "Hydratation énantiosélective d'}a-aminonitriles en pré̄sence de composés carbonylés chirauxImmobilisation d'enzymes sur support chimiquement réactif de type N-polyacryloyl-4-pipéridone." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20248.
Full textAltmayer-Henzien, Amandine. "L'acide N-aminoazétidine-2-carboxylique : une nouvelle brique constitutive de foldamères." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112249.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the synthesis and structural study of oligopeptides containing N aminoazetidine-2-carboxylic acid (AAzC), to find a new foldamer.First, we prepared each of the four stereoisomers of 2-aminocyclobutane carboxylic acid (ACBC), and the two stereoisomers of AAzC. This has been done using two similar techniques from our lab, based on a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition key-step between ethylene and uracile or aza-uracile. Peptide coupling using AAzC revealed a tricky reactivity of this new building block, due to an easy ring-opening. We were thus able to synthesize only oligopeptides containing a single AAzC residue, blocked in the N-terminal position. Three model cyclobutylamide derivatives containing ACBC or AAzC and one model AAzC cyclobutylester were prepared. Synthesis of four dipeptides each incorporating AAzC in the N terminal position and a single stereoisomer of ACBC in the C terminal position was performed within good yields. Finally, oligopeptides comprising a sequence of trans or cis-ACBC residues bearing a single AAzC unit at the N terminal position were obtained. Cis-oligopeptides were difficult to analyze due to gelation phenomenon.The folding behaviour of these peptides was examined on the basis of IR spectroscopy, NMR studies, circular dichroism, molecular modelling studies and X-ray diffraction. Two new NMR techniques, IMPACT HMBC 1H-15N and SOFAST HMBC 1H-13C were used to detect intramolecular hydrogen bonds. We proved the existence of a hydrazino turn for the AAzC cyclobutylamide and the four Boc−AAzC−ACBC−OMe dipeptides. For longer oligopeptides, analyzes revealed an 8-helix structuration in chloroform for both the tetrapeptide Boc−AAzC−[t ACBC]3−OMe and hexapeptide Boc−AAzC−[t ACBC]5−OMe, helped by a hydrazino turn in the N-terminal position. Finally, octapeptide Boc−AAzC−[t ACBC]7−OMe shows in pyridine a chimeric structure, starting with a hydrazino turn in the N-terminal position but going on with a 12-helix in the C-terminal position as in trans-ACBC hexamer or octamer.We demonstrated here that AAzC has a strong preference for an 8-membered ring local structuration, and a strong tendency to induce an 8-helix in a peptide
Le, Bot Sylvie. "Synthèse et étude de la réactivité de nouveaux complexes de molybdène (IV) porteurs de ligands à liaisons multiples (Mo=X ; X=O,C,N)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30054.
Full textDupont, Jairton. "Activation-fonctionnalisation intramoleculaire de liaisons c-h par le palladium." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13197.
Full textLiu, Yujia. "Formation de liaisons C-C, C-S, C-N et C-P réalisée par catalyse au cuivre, au manganèse ou en absence de métal de transition." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCM0016.
Full textThis thesis is one part of a general research of the novel, non-expensive and environmentally friendly methods for the synthesis of the interesting molecules in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical or material field. In particular, the objective consists of creating the C-C and C-heteroatom (S, N, P) bonds by using copper, manganese catalysis or transition-metal-free system.In the first part, a copper-catalyzed palladium-free Sonogashira reaction has been realized under biphasic conditions (water / organic substrates) allowing decreasing the copper loading up to 0.02 – 0.2 mol% and a potential intermediate species of this reaction, corresponding to a copper cluster linked with acetylide moiety, has been identified by X-ray diffraction.In the second part, we described a novel carbon dioxide involved copper-catalyzed system for the methylthiolation of aryl halides using dimethylsufoxide as a source of methylthio group. The presence of carbon dioxide is a crucial factor for the formation of aryl methyl sulfides products and its role is discussed.The third part describes the manganese-catalyzed homocoupling and cross-coupling reactions via the formation in situ of aryllithium from corresponding aryl halides or arenes. According to the experimental conditions, the symmetrical or unsymmetrical biaryls could be obtained. An intermediate complex of manganese which could involve in the reaction mechanism was detected by ESI-MS.Finally, a transition-metal-free system associating DMF with t-BuOK has been developed to realize the arylation of aromatic halide derivatives and various nucleophiles such as pyrazol, imidazole, dialkyl disulfide or diarylphosphine oxide. This project is at a preliminary stage
Ai, Pengfei. "Synthesis and reactivity of metal complexes containing functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene ligands for catalytic applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF025/document.
Full textThe purpose of this work was the synthesis of N,N'-diphosphanyl-functionalized NHC ligands andtheir coordination chemistry. The novel stable and rigid tridentate N,N'-diphosphanyl-imidazol-2-ylidene was synthesized and experimental and computational information on its stability weregained. It served as a unique platform for the synthesis of novel mono-, di-, tri-, penta-, hexanuclear complexes with the coinage metals (Cu, Ag and Au), exhibiting rare structural features. The mono- and dinuclear complexes with one or two dangling P-donors provided rational access to heterotrinuclear complexes. All these coinage metal complexes have short metal-metalseparations, indicating the presence of d10-d10 interactions, and display excellent luminescentproperties. Partial or complete transmetallation of the homotrinuclear Cu or Ag complexes withPd(0) precursors led to hetero-trinuclear complexes with d10-d10 interactions. In addition to itsbridging behavior, this ligand also showed its chelating behavior in Pd or Cr(III) complexes. Thelatter displayed superior performance in ethylene oligomerization than the Cr(II) complexes andgave mostly oligomers
Rosa, Lourenço de Pina Cardoso Bernardo. "Structure of cationic CNHC,Calkyl nickelacycles and their activity in the catalytic functionalization of the C–H bonds of azoles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAF033/document.
Full textThis thesis develops the study of nickel(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (NHC) in two axes: the synthesis and characterization of nickelacyclic complexes with a carbon-carbon chelating ligand (CNHC,Calkyl); and their catalytic activity in the construction of carbon-carbon bonds (Csp2–Csp2/Csp3) of 1-chalcogene-azoles by carbon-hydrogen (C–H) bond functionalization. A series of cationic CNHC,Calkyl-Ni(II) metallacyclic acetonitrile adducts was synthetized by the removal of a cyclopentadienyl ligand from parent 18 valence electron half-sandwich nickelacycles. The cationic complexes were determined to exist as rare coordinatively and electronically unsaturated T-shaped 14 valence electron Ni(II) species, in the solid state. Application of these new complexes to the cross-coupling of benzothiazole with iodoarenes proved to be a successful strategy in Csp2–Csp2 bond formation, by the combination of a stabilizing metallacyclic scaffold with labile ligands. The discovery of a half-sandwich Ni(II)-(NHC)-(benzothiazolyl) species, inactive in the arylation of benzothiazole, but active for the cross-coupling of benzothiazole with iodoalkanes shows the first example of benzothiazole Csp2–Csp3 bond construction with a Ni(II)-NHC catalyst
EL, JAZOULI MUSTAPHA. "Formation de liaisons carbone-carbone par l'intermediaire des imidothioesters : applications synthethiques." Caen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985CAEN2016.
Full textAMDJADI-NEZAMZADEH, MARDJAN. "Le role des interactions electrostatiques et des liaisons hydrogene de type n-cap dans la stabilite et le processus de repliement de la phosphoglycerate kinase de levure." Paris 11, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA112295.
Full textMillet, Anthony. "Alpha-, beta-, gamma-fonctionnalisation sélective de N-Boc-amines : extension du couplage migratoire palladocatalysé." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10269.
Full textSince several years, the emergence of terms such as atom- and step-economy, or the need for the development of rapid and efficient synthetic methods have taken an important place in chemistry. In this context, the transition-metal-catalyzed functionalization of unactivated carbonhydrogen bonds has emerged as a powerful tool and an important field of research. In 2010, the development of the β arylation of esters has initiated a new perspective in our laboratory, and has been at the origin of the research described in this manuscript on the selective C(sp3)–H functionalization of amines at α, β and γ positions. The work performed during this Ph.D. project is related to the Negishi cross-coupling reaction (co-laureate of Chemistry Nobel prize in 2010), an important method for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds. Three different aspects are explored in this manuscript. The first one deals with the development of the palladium-catalyzed β -arylation of N-Boc-piperidines, which highlights the importance of ligand flexibility to control the α- vs. β- arylation selectivity. The second part focuses on the selective α - and β -functionalization of acyclic N-Boc-amines, which required to reinvestigate the directed lithiation of acyclic amines and to synthesize new biarylphosphines possessing greater flexibility. A kinetic analysis of each individual step from the lithiation to the α -arylation was performed by in situ IR spectroscopy, and proved an efficient method to gain further mechanistic insights. Finally, we have developed a selective γ - arylation reaction of allylamines, which represents a new extension of the Negishi cross-coupling for the C–H functionalization of alkylamines, and allows a direct access to valuable γ -arylamines and β - arylaldehydes
Feray, Laurence. "Triéthylborane et diéthylzinc : agents de transfert de chaîne dans les réactions d'additions radicalaires sur doubles liaisons C=N et C=C. Stéréoinduction dans les additions sur les imines de glyoxylates." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30001.
Full textPouillon, Yann. "Propriétés structurales et électroniques d'agrégats CuOn (n=1-6) et du composé solide Cu2(OH)3(NO3) : une étude par la fonctionnelle de densité." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002423.
Full textLe, Boucher d'Hérouville Florent. "Synthèse de diphosines atropoisomères dérivées du MeOBIPHEP : Application en catalyse asymétrique pour la formation de liaisons C-O, C-N et C-C en présence de complexes d'argent, d'iridium et de rhodium." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066814.
Full textLawrence, James. "MODIFICATIONS DE LA LIAISON PEPTIDIQUE : N-HYDROXY-, N-ACYLOXY- ET N-ALKYLOXY-PEPTIDES." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00114491.
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