Academic literature on the topic 'LHC CMS Charge asymmetry top quark'

The production of top quark pairs (tt¯) via the quark-antiquark initial state is not symmetric under the exchange of top quark and antiquark. Calculations of this next-to-leading order effect predict asymmetries of about one to a few percent, depending on the centre-of-mass energy and the selected phase space. Experimentally, this charge asymmetry of tt¯ production manifests itself in differences in angular distributions between top quarks and antiquarks. Sensitive observables are the rapidities of the produced top quarks and antiquarks as well as their energies. In dileptonic tt¯ events, the asymmetry of the tt¯ system is reflected in a similar asymmetry in the system of the produced lepton pair, with the crucial advantage of a simpler reconstruction procedure. In this article we review the measurements of this effect in different final states and using different observables by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations in LHC collisions at three different centre-of-mass energies.

This review summarizes the highlights in the area of top quark physics obtained with the two general purpose detectors ATLAS and CMS during the first two years of operation of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It covers the 2010 and 2011 data taking periods, where the LHC provided pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text]. Measurements are presented of the total and differential top quark pair production cross-section in many different channels, the top quark mass and various other properties of the top quark and its interactions, for instance the charge asymmetry. Measurements of single top quark production and various searches for new physics involving top quarks are also discussed. The already very precise experimental data are in good agreement with the standard model (SM).

We review the present situation in top quark physics, in these early days of Run II of the LHC. We take mostly a Standard Model perspective, showing recent results, and review the key concepts and results of the associated theoretical predictions. The issues we discuss are the top quark mass, top quark pair and single top production, production in association with other particles, charge asymmetry and top quark decay.

Abstract During the last years ATLAS and CMS have reported a number of slight to mild discrepancies in signatures of multileptons plus b-jets in analyses such as $$ t\overline{t}H $$ t t ¯ H , $$ t\overline{t}{W}^{\pm } $$ t t ¯ W ± , $$ t\overline{t}Z $$ t t ¯ Z and $$ t\overline{t}t\overline{t} $$ t t ¯ t t ¯ . Among them, a recent ATLAS result on $$ t\overline{t}H $$ t t ¯ H production has also reported an excess in the charge asymmetry in the same-sign dilepton channel with two or more b-tagged jets. Motivated by these tantalizing discrepancies, we study a phenomenological New Physics model consisting of a Z′ boson that couples to up-type quarks via right-handed currents: $$ {t}_R{\gamma}^{\mu }{\overline{t}}_R $$ t R γ μ t ¯ R , $$ {t}_R{\gamma}^{\mu }{\overline{c}}_R $$ t R γ μ c ¯ R , and $$ {t}_R{\gamma}^{\mu }{\overline{u}}_R $$ t R γ μ u ¯ R . The latter vertex allows to translate the charge asymmetry at the LHC initial state protons to a final state with top quarks which, decaying to a positive lepton and a b-jet, provides a crucial contribution to some of the observed discrepancies. Through an analysis at a detector level, we select the region in parameter space of our model that best reproduces the data in the aforementioned $$ t\overline{t}H $$ t t ¯ H study, and in a recent ATLAS $$ t\overline{t}t\overline{t} $$ t t ¯ t t ¯ search. We find that our model provides a better fit to the experimental data than the Standard Model for a New Physics scale of approximately ∼500 GeV, and with a hierarchical coupling of the Z′ boson that favours the top quark and the presence of FCNC currents. In order to estimate the LHC sensitivity to this signal, we design a broadband search featuring many kinematic regions with different signal-to-background ratio, and perform a global analysis. We also define signal-enhanced regions and study observables that could further distinguish signal from background. We find that the region in parameter space of our model that best fits the analysed data could be probed with a significance exceeding 3 standard deviations with just the full Run-2 dataset.

Abstract A search is presented for single production of a vector-like T quark with charge 2/3 e, in the decay channel featuring a top quark and a Z boson, with the top quark decaying hadronically and the Z boson decaying to neutrinos. The search uses data collected by the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb−1 recorded at the CERN LHC in 2016–2018. The search is sensitive to a T quark mass between 0.6 and 1.8 TeV with decay widths ranging from negligibly small up to 30% of the T quark mass. Reconstruction strategies for the top quark are based on the degree of Lorentz boosting of its final state. At 95% confidence level, the upper limit on the product of the cross section and branching fraction for a T quark of small decay width varies between 15 and 602 fb, depending on its mass. For a T quark with decay widths between 10 and 30% of its mass, this upper limit ranges between 16 and 836 fb. For most of the studied range, the results provide the best limits to date. This is the first search for single T quark production based on the full Run 2 data set of the LHC.

El quark top, descubierto en 1995 en los experimentos CDF y D0 en el colisionador protón-antiprotón Tevatron en Fermilab (Chicago, USA), es la partícula elemental más pesada conocida, con una masa comparable a la de un átomo de tungsteno. Esta propiedad, no explicada por el Modelo Estándar, confiere al quark top un papel especial en el contexto de modelos teóricos más allá del Modelo Estándar, muchos de los cuales predicen nuevas partículas que se acoplan preferentemente al quark top debido a su alta masa. Después de una década de estudios en el Tevatron (2001-2011), no se han descubierto indicios significativos de nueva física en las propiedades del quark top. La única excepción es la medida de la asimetría adelante-atrás en la producción de parejas top-antitop en colisiones protón-antiprotón en el Tevatron, donde se han encontrado un exceso de aproximadamente dos desviaciones estándar con respecto a la predicción del Modelo Estándar. Esta medida indica que en promedio los quarks top en sucesos top-antitop se producen en la dirección del haz de protones con mayor frecuencia que los quarks antitop. Aunque el Modelo Estándar predice una pequeña asimetría adelante-atrás debido a la interacción fuerte, la presencia de nuevas partículas pesadas contribuyendo a la producción de parejas top-antitop podría dar lugar a un exceso como el observado. Por desgracia, tras el cese de operaciones del Tevatron en Septiembre del 2011, el análisis de todos los datos de los experimentos CDF y D0 no han permitido alcanzar una conclusión definitiva con respecto a esta anomalía. Esta tesis doctoral está centrada en la medida de precisión de la asimetría de carga en la producción de parejas top-antitop en colisiones protón-protón en el LHC usando las muestras completas de datos acumulados por el detector ATLAS a energías del centro de masas de 7 TeV y 8 TeV, correspondientes a luminosidades integradas de aproximadamente 5 fb-1 y 20 fb-1, respectivamente. La asimetría de carga AC en el LHC, relacionada con la asimetría adelante-atrás en el Tevatron, es sensible a los mismos efectos de nueva física que causarían una desviación en las medidas del Tevatron. En esta tesis doctoral se utiliza el canal semileptónico para hacer medidas inclusivas y diferenciales de la asimetría de carga en sucesos top-antitop. La cinemática de producción de la pareja top-antitop es reconstruida a partir del productos de la desintegración semileptónica y un metodo de unfolding bayesiano es utilizado para estimar AC al nivel partónico. Usando los datos a 7 TeV, se ha alcanzado una precisión 1% en la medida de la asimetría de carga a nivel inclusivo. También se han realizado medidas diferenciales en función de la masa invariante, ángulo de producción con respecto al eje del haz de protones y momento transverso de la pareja top-antitop. Usando los datos a 8 TeV, la precisión obtenida es de 0.5% en la medida de la asimetría de carga a nivel inclusivo, y también se ha realizado la medida diferencial en función de la masa invariante de la pareja top-antitop. La comparación de todas las medidas con las predicciones teóricas indican consistencia con el Modelo Estándar.
The top quark, discovered in 1995 at the CDF and D0 experiments at Fermilab’s Tevatron proton-antiproton collider, is the heaviest known elementary particle, with a mass comparable to the atomic mass of tungsten. This property, not explained by the Standard Model (SM), gives a special role to the top quark in the context of theoretical models beyond the Standard Model. Many of the models predict that new particles would preferably couple with the top quark, due to its high mass. After a decade of studies at the Tevatron (2001-2011), no signs of new physics have been discovered in the properties of the top quark, with the exception of the forward-backward asymmetry in top quark pair production, where an excess of about two standard deviations from the SM prediction has been found. This measurement shows that, in average, the top quark in top-antitop events is produced in the proton direction more often than the antitop quark. Even though the SM predicts a small forward-backward asymmetry due to the strong interaction, the presence of new heavy particles contributing to the top-antitop pair production could cause the observed excess. Unfortunately the Tevatron operation terminated on September 2012, and the analysis of the full datasets collected by the CDF and D0 experiments did not provide a final answer with respect to this anomaly. This dissertation describes the precise measurement of the charge asymmetry AC in top-antitop pair production in proton-proton collisions at LHC, using the full dataset collected with the ATLAS detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 TeV and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of about 5 fb-1 and 20 fb-1, respectively. The LHC charge asymmetry, related to the Tevatron forward-backward asymmetry, is a complementary probe of the same new physics effects that could be responsible for the Tevatron excess. The lepton+jets channel is considered to perform inclusive and differential measurements of the charge asymmetry in top quark pair events. The kinematics of the top-antitop pair is reconstructed from the semileptonic decay products, and a Bayesian unfolding procedure is employed to estimate AC at the parton level. Using the dataset at 7 TeV, a 1% precision is achieved for the inclusive measurement. Differential AC measurements as a function of the invariant mass, the rapidity and the transverse momentum of the top-antitop pair are also presented. Using the dataset at 8 TeV, a 0.5% precision is achieved for the inclusive measurement, and the differential AC measurement as a function of the invariant mass of the top-antitop pair is performed as well. All measurements are found to be consistent with the SM predictions.

In the millennia of recorded human knowledge, no model for describing the workings of Nature is as elegant or complete as the Standard Model of Particle Physics (SM). However, the SM has several open questions and there exist multiple phenomena that it cannot explain. A pressing question is related to the mass of the Higgs boson, whose value the SM has no natural way of explaining, relying instead on the fine tuning of parameters to one part in 10^{28}. Many extensions of the SM propose new interactions and particles which solve this problem. A particularly common theme is that of new partners of the top quark, which in some models are fermionic and have vectorial couplings to the SM charged weak current. Such particles are referred to as vector-like quarks and represent a promising avenue of research. A search is presented for a vector-like quark with an exotic 5/3 charge (in units of the charge of the positron), referred to as an X5/3 particle. These particles are predicted in Composite Higgs theories, which rely on the masses of the X5/3 to be not more than ~2 TeV in order to solve the unnaturalness inherent in the mass of the Higgs boson. The search uses data collected by the CMS experiment in both 2015 and 2016 consisting of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC. No significant excess of events is seen above the predicted background and limits are placed on the mass of the new top quark partner at 95% confidence level, excluding masses less than 1200 (1160) GeV for X5/3 particles that decay with right-handed (left-handed) couplings to W bosons. These are the most stringent limits to date on the mass of the X5/3 particle in this final state.