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Journal articles on the topic 'LFI'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Yang, Yepeng, Zaixing Jiang, Jianguo Zhang, Zongxuan Zhang, and Chun Yang. "Control Effect of Deposition Processes on Shale Lithofacies and Reservoirs Characteristics in the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s), Dongying Depression, China." Energies 16, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16052200.

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The lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the upper interval of the fourth member of the Eocene Shahejie Formation (Es4s) in the Dongying Depression are important shale oil exploration targets in Bohai Bay Basin. They are widely distributed and rich in organic matter. In this study, samples were observed under the optical microscope and FESEM, combined with geochemical test and physical property analysis to study the sedimentary characteristics and reservoir characteristics of them. Nine lithofacies are recognized based on the mineral composition, the content of organic matter and the beddings. The middle-high organic laminated calcareous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF1) and the middle-high organic laminated mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF2) resulted from seasonal sediment variations and settled by suspension in the deep lake. The middle-high organic flaggy mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF3), the middle-high organic flaggy calcareous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF4), the middle-high organic massive calcareous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF5) and the middle organic massive mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF6) were formed by redeposition. The low organic massive argillaceous fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF7), the low organic massive felsic fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF8) and the low organic massive mixed fine-grained sedimentary rocks (LF9) are affected by the terrigenous input events. The pore structures vary in different beddings which are influenced by the kinds and arrangement of minerals and particles. In the laminated lithofacies, the ink-bottle-shaped pores are dominant. In the flaggy and massive lithofacies, the ink-bottle-shaped pores and the slit-shaped pores coexist. LF1 and LF2 are the best target for shale oil exploration and the LF3, LF4, LF5 and LF6 are the second. The deposition processes control the lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of the fined-grained sedimentary rocks.
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Bi, Jing, Vikas Dhiman, Tianyou Xiao, and Chenliang Xu. "Learning from Interventions Using Hierarchical Policies for Safe Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 06 (April 3, 2020): 10352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i06.6602.

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Learning from Demonstrations (LfD) via Behavior Cloning (BC) works well on multiple complex tasks. However, a limitation of the typical LfD approach is that it requires expert demonstrations for all scenarios, including those in which the algorithm is already well-trained. The recently proposed Learning from Interventions (LfI) overcomes this limitation by using an expert overseer. The expert overseer only intervenes when it suspects that an unsafe action is about to be taken. Although LfI significantly improves over LfD, the state-of-the-art LfI fails to account for delay caused by the expert's reaction time and only learns short-term behavior. We address these limitations by 1) interpolating the expert's interventions back in time, and 2) by splitting the policy into two hierarchical levels, one that generates sub-goals for the future and another that generates actions to reach those desired sub-goals. This sub-goal prediction forces the algorithm to learn long-term behavior while also being robust to the expert's reaction time. Our experiments show that LfI using sub-goals in a hierarchical policy framework trains faster and achieves better asymptotic performance than typical LfD.
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Chlebowski, Szymon, and Dorota Leszczyńska-Jasion. "Dual Erotetic Calculi and the Minimal $${\mathsf{LFI}}$$ LFI." Studia Logica 103, no. 6 (June 3, 2015): 1245–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11225-015-9617-0.

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4

Cuttaia, F., A. Mennella, L. Stringhetti, M. Maris, L. Terenzi, M. Tomasi, F. Villa, et al. "Planck-LFI radiometers tuning." Journal of Instrumentation 4, no. 12 (December 29, 2009): T12013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/t12013.

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5

Tam, Lai-Wa, Paul T. Ranum, and Paul A. Lefebvre. "CDKL5 regulates flagellar length and localizes to the base of the flagella in Chlamydomonas." Molecular Biology of the Cell 24, no. 5 (March 2013): 588–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0718.

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The length of Chlamydomonas flagella is tightly regulated. Mutations in four genes—LF1, LF2, LF3, and LF4—cause cells to assemble flagella up to three times wild-type length. LF2 and LF4 encode protein kinases. Here we describe a new gene, LF5, in which null mutations cause cells to assemble flagella of excess length. The LF5 gene encodes a protein kinase very similar in sequence to the protein kinase CDKL5. In humans, mutations in this kinase cause a severe form of juvenile epilepsy. The LF5 protein localizes to a unique location: the proximal 1 μm of the flagella. The proximal localization of the LF5 protein is lost when genes that make up the proteins in the cytoplasmic length regulatory complex (LRC)—LF1, LF2, and LF3—are mutated. In these mutants LF5p becomes localized either at the distal tip of the flagella or along the flagellar length, indicating that length regulation involves, at least in part, control of LF5p localization by the LRC.
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Modica, Larissa, Francisco Velasco, Izaskun Preciado, Maria Soto, and Simon P. R. Greenstreet. "Development of the large fish indicator and associated target for a Northeast Atlantic fish community." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 9 (June 11, 2014): 2403–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu101.

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AbstractThe large fish indicator (LFI) was developed to support the North Sea fish community Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) pilot study, intended to establish an operational ecosystem approach to management. Subsequently, procedures established in the North Sea were applied to the Celtic Sea to derive an LFI and target specific to this region. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) requires EU Member States sharing marine regions to cooperate using the Regional Seas Conventions, and using indicators already adopted by them. The MSFD explicitly suggests the LFI as a foodweb indicator, but it could equally well be used to monitor biodiversity. Here, we apply the established rationale to develop an LFI and target specific to the southern Bay of Biscay. Despite declining in the 1990s, the LFI subsequently recovered to near original values in 2008. Previously, relationships between the LFI and fishing pressure have involved lengthy time-lags. We observe a similar relationship, but with shorter lag. The nature of the larger species responsible for much of the change in the LFI may explain this difference, and might also suggest that, in the Bay of Biscay, the LFI is more appropriately used as a biodiversity indicator, rather than a foodweb indicator.
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7

Voshol, I. E., K. G. H. van der Wal, L. N. A. van Adrichem, E. M. Ongkosuwito, and M. J. Koudstaal. "The Frequency of Le Fort I Osteotomy in Cleft Patients." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 49, no. 2 (March 2012): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/09-224.

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Objective The aim of this research was to study the frequency of Le Fort I osteotomy (LFI) in cleft patients treated according to the protocol of the Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam. Design Retrospective cohort study. Patients 508 cleft patients born between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 1992, were evaluated. Main Outcome Measures Frequency of LFI and correlations with type and extent of cleft, gender, number of previous surgical procedures, age during alveolar augmentation, and missing teeth, respectively. Results 251 patients met the inclusion criteria. Overall, 28 of the 251 patients (11.2%) required LFI: none for cleft lip (0.0%); 2 of 43 (4.7%) for cleft lip and alveolus; 24 of 100 (24.0%) for cleft lip, alveolus, and palate; 2 of 50 (4.0%) for cleft palate; and none for submucous clefts or the miscellaneous group (0.0%). The frequency of LFI increased with the severity of the cleft type. The number of previous surgical interventions is significantly higher in cases with an indication for LFI (p < .001). The frequency of LFI is significantly higher in male cleft patients (p < .05). Conclusions The overall frequency of LFI in the study group was 11.2%; this increased with the severity of the cleft type. A significant difference was noted in the number of previous surgical interventions between patients with and without an indication for an LFI. Delayed closure of the hard palate in the protocol might have influenced the low frequency of LFI.
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8

Frehner, Monika, Gabriele Carraro, Urs Rutishauser, Christoph Fischer, and Stéphane Losey. "Zuordnung der LFI-Probeflächen zu NaiS-Standorttypen." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 172, no. 4 (June 30, 2021): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2021.0216.

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Zuordnung der LFI-Probeflächen zu NaiS-Standorttypen Waldstandorttypen sollen bei Auswertungen des Schweizerischen Landesforstinventars besser berücksichtigt werden können. Auf Initiative des Bundesamts für Umwelt wurden im Projekt «NaiS-LFI: Zuordnung der LFI-Stichprobenpunkte zu Waldgesellschaften» von 2014 bis 2019 alle 6357 Probeflächen des vierten Landesforstinventars (LFI4; 2009–17) einem aktualisierten NaiS-Standorttyp (Nachhaltigkeit und Erfolgskontrolle im Schutzwald) zugeordnet. Und es wurden Vergleichstabellen mit den Standorttypen der Kantone erstellt. Die Zuordnung aller Probeflächen führte ein Team von 13 erfahrenen Personen mittels Büroanalysen unter Zuhilfenahme von Luftbildern, kantonalen Standortkartierungen und weiteren Mitteln durch. Bei 40% der Probeflächen fanden zusätzlich Felderhebungen statt. Eine im Projekt entwickelte, interaktive Web-Applikation leitete alle Bearbeiterinnen und Bearbeiter durch die Beurteilung, gab ihnen Zugang zu allen vorhandenen Grundlagen und aktuellen Daten in Echtzeit und ermöglichte den gleichzeitigen Zugriff von mehreren Personen. Gemeinsame Begehungen und Zweitbeurteilungen dienten der Qualitätssicherung. Die aktuelle Liste der NaiS-Standorttypen 2019 umfasst 266 Einheiten ohne Gebüschvarianten. Am meisten unterschiedliche NaiS-Standorttypen kommen in den Standortregionen nördliche Rand- und Zwischenalpen vor. 54% der Probeflächen (50 × 50 m) weisen nur einen NaiS-Standorttyp auf, 1% deren 5 oder mehr. Die neuen Zuordnungen ermöglichen Auswertungen von Merkmalen an Einzelbäumen und Interpretationsflächen bei häufigen NaiS-Standorttypen. Sobald Anforderungsprofile auch für die neu beschriebenen NaiS-Standorttypen vorliegen, werden Auswertungen zum Zustand des Schutzwaldes mit LFI-Daten möglich.
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ENGELHARD, GEORG H., CHRISTOPHER P. LYNAM, BERNARDO GARCÍA-CARRERAS, PAUL J. DOLDER, and STEVEN MACKINSON. "Effort reduction and the large fish indicator: spatial trends reveal positive impacts of recent European fleet reduction schemes." Environmental Conservation 42, no. 3 (June 2, 2015): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892915000077.

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SUMMARYThe large fish indicator (LFI), or ‘proportion of fish greater than 40 cm length in bottom trawl surveys,’ is a frequently debated indicator of Good Environmental Status in European regional seas. How does the LFI respond to changes in fishing pressure? This question is addressed here through analysis of fine-scale spatial trends in the LFI within the North Sea, compared between two periods of contrasting fisheries management: 1983–1999 and 2000–2012, respectively, before and after the onset of the European Union's fleet reduction scheme. Over the entire period, the LFI has decreased in large parts of the North Sea. However, most of the decline was from 1983–1999; since 2000 the LFI has improved in much of the North Sea, especially in UK waters. Comparison with international effort data shows that those western areas where the LFI has improved correspond with regions where otter trawl effort has decreased since 2000 (and previously was highest in the 1990s), and also with decreases in beam trawl effort. This study provides strong support that recent European effort reduction schemes are now beginning to result in an improved ecosystem state as indicated by the regional-scale improvement in the LFI.
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10

Aghanim, N., C. Armitage-Caplan, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, et al. "Planck2013 results. V. LFI calibration." Astronomy & Astrophysics 571 (October 29, 2014): A5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321527.

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11

Zonca, A., C. Franceschet, P. Battaglia, F. Villa, A. Mennella, O. D'Arcangelo, R. Silvestri, et al. "Planck-LFI radiometers' spectral response." Journal of Instrumentation 4, no. 12 (December 29, 2009): T12010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/t12010.

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12

Keihänen, E., V. Lindholm, M. Lopez-Caniego, M. Maris, M. Reinecke, M. Sandri, and A. S. Suur-Uski. "Beam-deconvolved Planck LFI maps." Astronomy & Astrophysics 632 (November 21, 2019): A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935875.

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The Planck Collaboration made its final data release in 2018. In this paper we describe beam-deconvolution map products made from Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data using the artDeco deconvolution code to symmetrize the effective beam. The deconvolution results are auxiliary data products, available through the Planck Legacy Archive. Analysis of these deconvolved survey difference maps reveals signs of residual signal in the 30 GHz and 44 GHz frequency channels. We produce low-resolution maps and corresponding noise covariance matrices (NCVMs). The NCVMs agree reasonably well with the half-ring noise estimates except for 44 GHz, where we observe an asymmetry between EE and BB noise spectra, possibly a sign of further unresolved systematic error. In contrast to the official Planck LFI maps, the beam-deconvolution maps have not been corrected for bandpass mismatch, and the residual noise is not well approximated by white noise.
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Mäkynen, Marko, Juha Karvonen, Bin Cheng, Mwaba Hiltunen, and Patrick B. Eriksson. "Operational Service for Mapping the Baltic Sea Landfast Ice Properties." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 9, 2020): 4032. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244032.

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The Baltic Sea is partly covered by sea ice in every winter season. Landfast ice (LFI) on the Baltic Sea is a place for recreational activities such as skiing and ice fishing. Over thick LFI ice roads can be established between mainland and islands to speed up transportation compared to the use of ferries. LFI also allows transportation of material to or from islands without piers for large ships. For all these activities, information on LFI extent and sea ice thickness, snow thickness and degree of ice deformation on LFI is very important. We generated new operational products for these LFI parameters based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and existing products and prediction models on the Baltic Sea ice properties. The products are generated daily and have a 500 m pixel size. They are visualized in a web-portal titled “Baltic Sea landfast ice extent and thickness (BALFI)” which has free access. The BALFI service was started in February 2019. Before the BALFI service, information on the LFI properties in fine scale (<1 km) was not available from any single source or product. We studied the accuracy and quality of the BALFI products for the ice season 2019–2020 using ice charts and in-situ coastal ice station data. We suggest that the current products give usable information on the Baltic LFI properties for various end-users. We also identify some topics for the further development of the BALFI products.
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Shephard, Samuel, Hans D. Gerritsen, Michel J. Kaiser, Holly S. Truszkowska, and David G. Reid. "Fishing and environment drive spatial heterogeneity in Celtic Sea fish community size structure." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 10 (August 20, 2011): 2106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr137.

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Abstract Shephard, S., Gerritsen, H. D., Kaiser, M. J., Truszkowska, H. S., and Reid, D. G. 2011. Fishing and environment drive spatial heterogeneity in Celtic Sea fish community size structure. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 2106–2113. The Large Fish Indicator (LFI) is a univariate size-based indicator of fish community state that has been selected to support the OSPAR fish community Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO). To operate this EcoQO, a survey-based LFI for each OSPAR region needs to be developed. However, fish communities in these regions are spatially heterogeneous, and there is evidence of within-region spatial variation in the LFI that could confound an overall indicator series. For Celtic Sea trawl-survey sites, spline correlograms indicate positive spatial autocorrelation at a similar range (∼40 km) for the LFI and for fishing effort (h year−1) from vessel monitoring systems. Statistical models reveal a strong negative effect on annual LFI by site of fishing effort within a radius of 40 km. There was a weak effect of fishing within 20 km and no effect at 10 km. LFI also varied significantly with substratum and with local fish community composition identified by a resemblance matrix derived from the survey data. Finally, there was a weak effect of survey year on LFI. Spatial stratification of LFI calculations may be necessary when developing size-based indicators for OSPAR or Marine Strategy Framework Directive regions.
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Li, Na, Ruibo Lei, Petra Heil, Bin Cheng, Minghu Ding, Zhongxiang Tian, and Bingrui Li. "Seasonal and interannual variability of the landfast ice mass balance between 2009 and 2018 in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica." Cryosphere 17, no. 2 (February 27, 2023): 917–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-17-917-2023.

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Abstract. Landfast ice (LFI) plays a crucial role for both the climate and the ecosystem of the Antarctic coastal regions. We investigate the snow and LFI mass balance in Prydz Bay using observations from 11 sea ice mass balance buoys (IMBs). The buoys were deployed offshore from the Chinese Zhongshan Station (ZS) and Australian Davis Station (DS), with the measurements covering the ice seasons of 2009–2010, 2013–2016, and 2018. The observed annual maximum ice thickness and snow depth were 1.59 ± 0.17 and 0.11–0.76 m off ZS and 1.64 ± 0.08 and 0.11–0.38 m off DS, respectively. Early in the ice growth season (May–September), the LFI basal growth rate near DS (0.6 ± 0.2 cm d−1) was larger than that around ZS (0.5 ± 0.2 cm d−1). This is attributed to cooler air temperature (AT) and lower oceanic heat flux at that time in the DS region. Air temperature anomalies were more important in regulating the LFI growth rate at that time because of thinner sea ice having a weaker thermal inertia relative to thick ice in later seasons. Interannual and local spatial variabilities for the seasonality of LFI mass balance identified at ZS are larger than at DS due to local differences in topography and katabatic wind regime. Snow ice contributed up to 27 % of the LFI total ice thickness at the offshore site close to ground icebergs off ZS because of the substantial snow accumulation. Offshore from ZS, the supercooled water was observed at the sites close to the Dålk Glacier from July to October, which reduced the oceanic heat flux and promoted the LFI growth. During late austral spring and summer, the increased oceanic heat flux led to a reduction of LFI growth at all investigated sites. The variability of LFI properties across the study domain prevailed at interannual timescales, over any trend during the recent decades. Based on the results derived from this study, we argue that an increased understanding of snow (on LFI) processes, local atmospheric and oceanic conditions, as well as coastal morphology and bathymetry, are required to improve the Antarctic LFI modeling.
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Chan, Albert P. C., Junfeng Guan, Tracy N. Y. Choi, Yang Yang, Guangdong Wu, and Edmond Lam. "Improving Safety Performance of Construction Workers through Learning from Incidents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 5 (March 4, 2023): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20054570.

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Learning from incidents (LFI) is a process to seek, analyse, and disseminate the severity and causes of incidents, and take corrective measures to prevent the recurrence of similar events. However, the effects of LFI on the learner’s safety performance remain unexplored. This study aimed to identify the effects of the major LFI factors on the safety performance of workers. A questionnaire survey was administered among 210 construction workers in China. A factor analysis was conducted to reveal the underlying LFI factors. A stepwise multiple linear regression was performed to analyse the relationship between the underlying LFI factors and safety performance. A Bayesian Network (BN) was further modelled to identify the probabilistic relational network between the underlying LFI factors and safety performance. The results of BN modelling showed that all the underlying factors were important to improve the safety performance of construction workers. Additionally, sensitivity analysis revealed that the two underlying factors—information sharing and utilization and management commitment—had the largest effects on improving workers’ safety performance. The proposed BN also helped find out the most efficient strategy to improve workers’ safety performance. This research may serve as a useful guide for better implementation of LFI practices in the construction sector.
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Karvonen, Juha. "Estimation of Arctic land-fast ice cover based on dual-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR imagery." Cryosphere 12, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2595–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-2595-2018.

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Abstract. Here a method for estimating the land-fast ice (LFI) extent from dual-polarized Sentinel-1 SAR mosaics of an Arctic study area over the Kara and Barents seas is presented. The method is based on temporal cross-correlation between adjacent daily SAR mosaics. The results are compared to the LFI of the Russian Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI) ice charts. Two versions of the method were studied: in the first version (FMI-A) the overall performance was optimized, and in the second version (FMI-B) the target was a low LFI misdetection rate. FMI-A detected over 73 % of the AARI ice chart LFI, and FMI-B a little over 50 % of the AARI ice chart LFI. During the winter months the detection rates were higher than during the melt-down season for both the studied algorithm versions. An LFI time series covering the time period from October 2015 to the end of August 2017 computed using the proposed methodology is provided on the FMI ftp server. The time series will be extended twice annually.
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Sundelöf, Andreas, Håkan Wennhage, and Henrik Svedäng. "A red herring from the Öresund (ICES40G2): the apparent recovery of the Large Fish Indicator (LFI) in the North Sea hides a non-trawled area." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 6 (September 1, 2013): 1081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst117.

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Abstract Sundelöf, A., Wennhage, H., and Svedäng, H. 2013. A red herring from the Öresund (ICES40G2): the apparent recovery of the Large Fish Indicator (LFI) in the North Sea hides a non-trawled area. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 1081–1084. As reported in a number of previous papers in this journal, the Large Fish Indicator (LFI) was developed for the North Sea. ICES Statistical Rectangle 40G2 was accidentally included in the North Sea calculations of LFI for 2004, 2007 and 2008. This inclusion significantly increased the LFI and was subsequently removed from the analysis. We identify and discuss three reasons to revisit rectangle 40G2 when considering LFI for the North Sea: (i) according to the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), the area belongs to the North Sea, (ii) it is a geographically well-defined area where technical regulations have prevented the use of trawls since the 1930s, and (iii) there is evidence of a productive and rather closed cod (Gadus morhua) subpopulation unit in the area, which is an important species for the North Sea LFI.
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Lee, Kyung Won, Ye Chan Yu, Hyeong Jin Chun, Yo Han Jang, Yong Duk Han, and Hyun C. Yoon. "Instrumentation-Free Semiquantitative Immunoanalysis Using a Specially Patterned Lateral Flow Assay Device." Biosensors 10, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios10080087.

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In traditional colorimetric lateral flow immunoassay (LFI) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a probe, additional optical transducers are required to quantify the signal intensity of the test line because it presents as a single red-colored line. In order to eliminate external equipment, the LFI signal should be quantifiable by the naked eye without the involvement of optical instruments. Given this objective, the single line test zone of conventional LFI was converted to several spots that formed herringbone patterns. When the sandwich immunoassay was performed on a newly developed semi-quantitative (SQ)-LFI system using AuNPs as an optical probe, the spots were colorized and the number of colored spots increased proportionally with the analyte concentration. By counting the number of colored spots, the analyte concentration can be easily estimated with the naked eye. To demonstrate the applicability of the SQ-LFI system in practical immunoanalysis, microalbumin, which is a diagnostic marker for renal failure, was analyzed using microalbumin-spiked artificial urine samples. Using the SQ-LFI system, the calibration results for artificial urine-based microalbumin were studied, ranging from 0 to 500 μg/mL, covering the required clinical detection range, and the limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated to be 15.5 μg/mL. Thus, the SQ-LFI system provides an avenue for the realization of an efficient quantification diagnostic device in resource-limited conditions.
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Kaps, Leonard, Lejla Lukac, Maurice Michel, Wolfgang Maximilian Kremer, Max Hilscher, Simon Johannes Gairing, Peter R. Galle, et al. "Liver Frailty Index for Prediction of Short-Term Rehospitalization in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis." Diagnostics 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051069.

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Background: Stratifying patients with liver cirrhosis for risk of rehospitalization is challenging with established scoring systems for chronic liver disease. Frailty captures the physical characteristics of patients with cirrhosis. Its value for predicting short-term rehospitalizations in hospitalized patients remains to be defined. Methods: Eighty-three non-electively hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed in this study. Frailty was assessed during the last 48 h of hospital stay with the liver frailty index (LFI). Patients were followed for 30-day rehospitalization. Results: In total, 26 (31%) patients were rehospitalized within 30 days. The median LFI was 4.5, and 43 (52%) patients were identified as frail. Rehospitalized patients had a significant higher LFI compared to patients without a rehospitalization within 30 days. In multivariable analysis, LFI as a metric variable (OR 2.36, p = 0.02) and lower platelet count (OR 0.98, p < 0.01) were independently associated with rehospitalization. LFI and its subtest chair stands had the best discriminative ability to predict rehospitalization, with AUROCs of 0.66 and 0.67, respectively. An LFI cut-off of >4.62 discriminated best between patients with and without elevated risk for rehospitalization within 30 days. Conclusions: Measures of frailty could be useful to identify patients at higher risk for short-term rehospitalization.
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Sieberichs, Sebastian, and Annette Kluge. "Why Learning Opportunities From Aviation Incidents Are Lacking." Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000204.

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Abstract. The rising trend of fatal aircraft accidents since 2018 suggests a limited safety capability of airlines in terms of learning from incidents (LFI). We evaluated 2,208 voluntary incident reports from commercial European pilots using qualitatively driven mixed methods to investigate LFI “bottlenecks.” The results showed that the report frequency depends on the type of pilots’ active failure causing the incident (performance‐based errors, judgment and decision‐making errors and violations). Learning opportunities were lacking, especially for incidents caused by pilots’ inadequate decision-making. Confidential reporting has positive effects on LFI, as these reports contained more information about latent failures. Furthermore, we identified several latent failures that are risk factors for certain unsafe acts. Our results may support airlines in various LFI activities.
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Schwyzer, Andreas, and Jürg Zinggeler. "Eine neue Methode zur Quantifizierung des Wildverbisses | A New Method to Assess the Effects of Game-Browsing on Forest Regeneration." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 151, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2000.0107.

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In the context of the first and second Swiss National Forest Inventory (LFI), methods were developed to assess the effects of game-browsing on forest regeneration. Since the results of the LFI-1-method are closely related to the season the assessment was carried out, and the results obtained by the LFI-2-method overestimate the annual browsing rate, we propose a new procedure, which produces an unbiased estimation of the annual browsing rate from a single, non-destructive assessment.
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Aghanim, N., C. Armitage-Caplan, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, et al. "Planck2013 results. III. LFI systematic uncertainties." Astronomy & Astrophysics 571 (October 29, 2014): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321574.

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Villa, F., O. D'Arcangelo, M. Pecora, L. Figini, R. Nesti, A. Simonetto, C. Sozzi, et al. "Planck-LFI flight model feed horns." Journal of Instrumentation 4, no. 12 (December 29, 2009): T12004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/t12004.

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Mandolesi, N., M. Bersanelli, R. C. Butler, E. Artal, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A. J. Banday, et al. "Planckpre-launch status: ThePlanck-LFI programme." Astronomy and Astrophysics 520 (September 2010): A3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912837.

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Bor, William, Jake M. Najman, Margaret J. Andersen, Michael O'callaghan, Gail M. Williams, and Brett C. Behrens. "The Relationship between Low Family Income and Psychological Disturbance in Young Children: An Australian Longitudinal Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 31, no. 5 (October 1997): 664–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/00048679709062679.

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Objective: This study examines the relationship between low family income (LFI) experienced at different points in time, chronic low income status and its impact on child behaviour measured at 5 years of age. Method: Longitudinal data from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy were used to measure LFI in families at three points in time (the antenatal period, 6 months post birth and at 5 years cf age). Outcome variables were three independent groups of behaviour problems labelled as externalising, social, attentional and thought (SAT) problems, and internalising problems. These groups were developed from the Child Behaviour Checklist. An analysis based on logistic regression modelling was carried out examining the relationship between LFI and a range of intermediate variables known to be associated with child behaviour problems. Results: The more often families experienced low income, the higher the rate of child behaviour problems at age 5. Low family income was still independently associated with SAT behaviour problems after controlling for smoking in the first trimester, parenting styles, maternal depression and marital dysharmony at age 5. The association between LFI and internalising and externalising behaviour problems was largely mediated by maternal depression. Conclusion: Low family income is a significant factor in the aetiology of a variety of child behaviour problems. The mechanisms involved in the link between LFI and hildhood internalising and externalising behaviours involve the exposure of the children to maternal depression. However, the relationship between LFI and SAT behaviour problems remains to be elucidated.
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Aguiar, Francisco Ivo dos Santos, Ismênia Ribeiro de Oliveira, Klayton Antonio do Lago Lopes, Jussara Silva Dantas, and James Ribeiro de Azevedo. "SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF THE STABILITY OF COHESIVE SOIL AGGREGATES UNDER CONSERVATION PRACTICES." Colloquim Agrariae 19, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2023.v19.h510.

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The knowledge and characterization of aggregate stability are relevant to select adequate management and to avoid its degradation. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the spatial variability of aggregate stability in cohesive soils under crop conservation systems. The experiment was performed in two different areas of soybean production: no-tillage System (NTS) and livestock farming integration system (LFI), In each production area, a sampling mesh composed of 50 collection points, with a regular spacing of 40 m, at 0.00-0.20 m depth, was carried out. The results were expressed as a percentage of aggregates retained in sieves 2; 1; 0.5 and 0.25 mm, the values obtained were used to calculate the Mean Geometric Diameter (MGD) and Mean Weight Diameter (MWD). In the LFI system, which had a strong degree of spatial dependence (DSD), the attributes showed a moderate DSD, except for MWD. Generally, the reached values of the attributes in the LFI system were lower than those found in the NTS system, showing less variability in the management system with no-tillage. Spatial distribution of the kriging maps demonstrated the LFI system leading to the formation of larger aggregates in the soil when compared to ones to the same attributes in the NTS. All attributes showed a strong to moderate spatial dependence. The soil managed with the LFI system revealed greater aggregate stability when compared to the NTS, which in turn presented less spatial variability than the LFI system and shows a more homogeneous soil.
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Labrousse, Sara, Alexander D. Fraser, Michael Sumner, Frédéric Le Manach, Christophe Sauser, Isabella Horstmann, Eileen Devane, Karine Delord, Stéphanie Jenouvrier, and Christophe Barbraud. "Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird." Biology Letters 17, no. 6 (June 2021): 20210097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0097.

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In a fast-changing world, polar ecosystems are threatened by climate variability. Understanding the roles of fine-scale processes, and linear and nonlinear effects of climate factors on the demography of polar species is crucial for anticipating the future state of these fragile ecosystems. While the effects of sea ice on polar marine top predators are increasingly being studied, little is known about the impacts of landfast ice (LFI) on this species community. Based on a unique 39-year time series of satellite imagery and in situ meteorological conditions and on the world's longest dataset of emperor penguin ( Aptenodytes forsteri ) breeding parameters, we studied the effects of fine-scale variability of LFI and weather conditions on this species' reproductive success. We found that longer distances to the LFI edge (i.e. foraging areas) negatively affected the overall breeding success but also the fledging success. Climate window analyses suggested that chick mortality was particularly sensitive to LFI variability between August and November. Snowfall in May also affected hatching success. Given the sensitivity of LFI to storms and changes in wind direction, important future repercussions on the breeding habitat of emperor penguins are to be expected in the context of climate change.
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Saad, Abdelsalam, Dai Zhong Su, Phillipa Marsh, and Zhong Min Wu. "Total Quality Environmental Management Toward Sustainability: Need and Implementation in Libyan Food Industry." Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.84.

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mplementing Total Quality Environmental Management (TQEM) improves environment, quality, sustainability, and reduces food risks. TQEM has emerged from integrating Environmental Management System (EMS) into the Total Quality Management (TQM). In this paper, an investigation is presented to study the current situation, and identify the barriers and motivations for implementing TQEM towards sustainability for Libyan food industry (LFI). A qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews was adopted to collect the data with general, operation, and quality managers in LFI. The findings show that LFI are still in the early stage of quality and a little concern about the EMS and TQM has been given. There are five key barriers and five motivations for implementing TQEM in LFI. The paper contributes to the existing knowledge by investigating the implementation of TQEM in different context (i.e., Arab/North African) to the one that the quality and environmental theory developed in. Also, the paper studies all barriers and motivations of TQM and EMS implementation compared with previous studies focusing on few barriers and motivations. The paper provides ideas and insights for LFI managers to develop their implementation in TQEM while also considering quality and environmental issues.
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Macher, Susanne, Nazanin Sareban, Camilla Drexler, Gerhard Lanzer, and Katharina Schallmoser. "Single Center Experience with the Nanoparticle-Based Flow Immunoassay for Diagnosis of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2189.2189.

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Abstract Abstract 2189 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), caused by antibodies against heparin/platelet factor 4 (HPF4) complex, is a rare but potentially serious side effect of heparin therapy where due to high mortality, rapid diagnosis is crucial. For the detection of HPF4 antibodies we compared the new nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassay (LFI-HIT, Milenia Biotec, Germany) and a particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA, BioRad, Germany) with an IgG-specific-PF4/polyanion enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgG-ELISA, GTI Diagnostics, USA). Sera from 121 patients (54/67 f/m, median 73 years, range 14–94) with suspected HIT were prospectively tested. The LFI-HIT and the PaGIA were evaluated visually, the IgG-ELISA was positive at an optical density (OD) cutoff > 0.4. For most of the positive samples, the functional heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA) assay was additionally performed to detect false positive serological results and to confirm a clinically relevant HIT by in vitro platelet-activation. Regarding HIT as a clinico-pathological syndrome, characteristics for HIT were evaluated for each patient by the 4Ts scoring system and divided into high, intermediate or low risk. Results of serological analyses and OD values are summarized in the table. Ten of 121 samples were positive in the LFI-HIT, 10/10 positive in the PaGIA and 8/10 positive in the IgG-ELISA. The HIPA was tested in 9/10 samples and was positive in 8/9 samples. Of the 2 samples positive for LFI-HIT and PaGIA but negative in the ELISA, 1 was HIPA positive, 1 HIPA negative, resulting in a specificity of 88.9% for the LFI-HIT assay correlated to the HIPA. From 111/121 LFI-HIT-negative samples, 2 were positive in the PaGIA, the IgG-ELISA (OD 1.318 and 2,019) and in the HIPA. Seven of the 111 LFI-HIT negative samples were positive only in the IgG-ELISA. Due to marginal positive reactions of 5/7 samples in the ELISA with OD values between 0.4 to 0.5, only 2 LIF-HIT negative IgG-ELISA positive samples were tested by HIPA and 1/2 was positive. Based on the ELISA, the sensitivity of the LFI-HIT was 91.9% (102/111 negative samples also negative in the ELISA) in contrast to 93.1% of the PaGIA. The specificity of the LFI-HIT was 80% (LFI-HIT and IgG-ELISA positive), compared to 57.9% of the PaGIA. Notably, the clinical risk estimated by the 4Ts score system (received from 92/121 patients) did not correlate with laboratory diagnosis of HIT, probably due to inadequate evaluation. Concluding our data, a reliable exclusion of HIT by rapid testing with the LFI-HIT only seems possible with additional analysis of HPF4 antibodies by IgG-ELISA and/or HIPA assay. LFI-HIT PaGIA IgG-ELISA OD IgG-ELISA HIPA assay Median (range) Samples n=121 Pos 10 Pos 10 Pos 8 2.366 (0.902-3.000) 7/7 pos Neg 2 0.199 and 0.170 1/2 pos, 1/2 neg Neg 0 - - - - Neg 111 Pos 9 Pos 2 1.318 and 2.019 2/2 pos Neg 7 0.110 (0.054-0.139) 6/6 neg Neg 102 Pos 7 0.436 (0.404-1.463) 1/2 pos, 1/2 neg Neg 95 0.082 (0.013-0.376) Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Sayed, Rafik Hamed, Mohamed Samy Abousenna, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady, Rafik Soliman, and Mohamed Ahmed Saad. "Development of Lateral Flow Immunochromatographic Test for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Virus Antigens in Clinical Specimens." Nanomaterials 12, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 2477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12142477.

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In the presented study, we developed a nanogold lateral glow immunoassay-based technique (LFI-COVID-19 antigen test) for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins; the developed LFI-COVID-19 Ag test has been tested for limit of detection (LOD), cross-reactivity and interfering substances, and performance. It was found that the performance of the developed LFI-COVID-19 antigen test when it was evaluated by RT-qPCR indicated 95, 98, and 97% for sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, respectively. This complies with the WHO guidelines. It was concluded that the developed LFI-COVID-19 antigen test is a point of care and an alternative approach to current laboratory methods, especially RT-qPCR. It provides an easy, rapid (within 20 min), and on-site diagnostic tool for COVID-19 infection, and it is a cheap test if it is manufactured on a large scale for commercial use.
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Haleem, Azhar, Israa Haleem, and Ruaa Abass. "Lateral Flow Immunoassay Based Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles for the Detection of Organophosphorous Pesticide (Propanoic) in Cow’s Milk." Diyala Journal For Pure Science 17, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djps.17.03.18-555-icps.

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Simple, inexpensive, and high sensitive Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFI) based colloidal gold nanoparticles antigen-coated as the label was designed for the fast determination of organophosphorus pesticide in cow’s milk samples. The developed LFI detection strip consisted of four structural zones start from the sample pad, conjugate pad, detection zone, and finally absorbent pad. Immune-sensitive zone was synthesized and functionalized with Propanoic Hapten–OVA, Goat monoclonal-anti-Propanoic antibodies were produced. Propionic -cationized ovalbumin-HPR conjugates were fabricated and identified. The antibody optimal conditions were set and the influence of pH on the analytical properties of the antibody-based gold nanoparticles was also investigated. The detection limit of the LFI for Propanoic standard into milk samples were 0.5 and 100 ng/mL, respectively. The test development time for the LFI was less than 5 min, suitable for fast on-site measuring of Propanoic.
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Hyun, Wonjeong, Jina Kim, Heesang Chae, and Changjin Lee. "Passive Control of Low-Frequency Instability in Hybrid Rocket Combustion." Aerospace 8, no. 8 (July 28, 2021): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8080204.

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The occurrence of low-frequency instability (LFI) appears to be related to multiple interactions among many complex physical processes, such as vortex shedding, boundary-layer oscillation, and additional combustion in the post-combustion chamber. In this study, two combustion tests were conducted to suppress LFI and to examine which physical processes its occurrence was most sensitive. In the first test, two fuel inserts were used to modify the formation of a boundary layer, vortex shedding at the end of the fuel, and vortex impingement. In the second test, the fuel insert located at the front end was replaced with swirl injection. The first test was aimed at controlling and suppressing the initiation of LFI using fuel inserts, through which a small step appeared gradually due to differences in the regression rates of the two materials, i.e., polymethyl methacrylate and high-density polyethylene. The test results confirmed that (i) there are physical connections among several processes, such as the thermoacoustic coupling between p′and q′ and the oscillations of the upstream boundary flow, and (ii) LFI suppression is possible by disrupting or eliminating the connections among these physical processes. The second test was also aimed to control LFI while minimizing the deviation in combustion performance using proper swirl injection along with a fuel insert. Even when replaced by swirl injection, LFI suppression was still possible and showed reasonable combustion performance without causing too much deviation from the baseline in terms of the oxygen-to-fuel ratio and the fuel regression rate.
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Mwaturura, Tendai, Frédéric-Charles Cloutier, and Parham Daneshvar. "Analysis of Radiographic Relationship between Distal Radius, Ulna, and Lunate." Journal of Wrist Surgery 08, no. 05 (May 9, 2019): 374–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688693.

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Background Wrist anatomy variability is associated with differing susceptibility to pathology. For example, a flat radial inclination is associated with Kienbock's disease. Lunate facet inclination (LFI) also exhibits variability. Its relationship with other wrist features is poorly documented. Purposes We tested the hypothesis that high LFI is associated with increased uncovering of the lunate, negative ulnar variance (UV), and type 2 lunates to balance forces across wrists. Methods In total, 50 bilateral and 100 unilateral wrist posteroanterior radiographs were reviewed. Lunate type, lunate uncovering index (LUI), lunate tilting angle (LTA), UV, and sigmoid notch angle (SNA) were measured, and correlation with LFI was assessed on 150 right wrist radiographs followed by an assessment of differences based on lunate morphology. Symmetry of 50 bilateral wrists was assessed. Results There was no correlation of LFI with lunate morphology, LUI, and LTA. There was a low correlation of LFI with SNA and UV. There was an inverse relationship between UV and SNA. Wrists with type 2 lunates had more oblique sigmoid notches and higher LTA in comparison to wrists with type 1 lunates. Side-to-side comparison revealed strong correlation except for LUI, which exhibited moderate correlation. Conclusions There is no correlation between LFI, LUI, and lunate morphology. Type 2 lunates are associated with higher LTA and more oblique SNA. Wrists were symmetrical. Clinical Relevance Factors other than lunate morphology are essential in balancing forces across wrists. A better understanding of soft tissue and other factors will improve the understanding of wrist biomechanics and pathology. Contralateral wrist radiographs can guide reconstructive surgery.
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Pederzolli, Rae-Leigh A., Andrew G. Van Kessel, John Campbell, Steve Hendrick, Katie M. Wood, and Gregory B. Penner. "Effect of ruminal acidosis and short-term low feed intake on indicators of gastrointestinal barrier function in Holstein steers." Journal of Animal Science 96, no. 1 (January 2018): 108–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skx049.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine effect of ruminal acidosis (RA) and low feed intake [LFI] on the regional barrier function of the gastrointestinal tract. Twenty-one Holstein steers were fed for ad libitum intake for 5 d (control [CON]), fed at 25% of ad libitum intake for 5 d (LFI), or provided 2 d of ad libitum intake followed by 1-d of feed restriction (25% of ad libitum intake), 1 d where 30% of ad libitum dry matter intake (DMI) was provided as pelleted barley followed by the full allocation (RA) and fed for ad libitum intake the following day. Tissues and digesta from the rumen, omasum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, proximal, and distal colon were collected. Permeability was assessed using the mucosal-to-serosal flux of inulin (JMS-inulin) and mannitol (JMS-mannitol). Digesta pH was 0.81, 0.63, and 0.42 pH units less for RA than CON in the rumen, cecum, and proximal colon; while, LFI had pH that was 0.47 and 0.36 pH units greater in the rumen and proximal colon compared to CON. Total ruminal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentration were less for LFI (92 mM; P = 0.010) and RA (87 mM; P = 0.007) than CON (172 mM) steers. In the proximal colon, the proportion of butyrate (P = 0.025 and P = 0.022) and isobutyrate (P = 0.019 and P = 0.019) were greater, and acetate (P = 0.028 and P = 0.028) was less for LFI and RA, respectively, when compared to CON steers. Ruminal papillae length, width, perimeter, and surface area were 1.21 mm, 0.78 mm, 3.84 mm, and 11.15 mm2 less for LFI than CON; while, RA decreased papillae width by 0.52 mm relative to CON. The JMS-mannitol was less for LFI steers than CON in the proximal colon (P = 0.041) and in the distal colon (P = 0.015). Increased gene expression for claudin 1, occludin, tight-cell junction protein 1 and 2, and toll-like receptor 4 were detected for LFI relative to CON in the rumen, jejunum, and proximal colon. For RA steers, expression of toll-like receptor 4 in the rumen, and occludin and tight-cell junction protein 1 were greater in the jejunum than CON. An acute RA challenge decreased pH in the rumen and large intestine but did not increase tissue permeability due to increases in the expression of genes related to barrier function within 1 d of the challenge. Steers exposed to LFI for 5 d had reduced ruminal SCFA concentrations, smaller ruminal papillae dimensions, and increased tissue permeability in the proximal and distal colon despite increases for genes related to barrier function and immune function.
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Huang, Hsiang-Ling, Yun-Han Ma, Che-Chang Tu, and Po-Chun Chang. "Radiographic Evaluation of Regeneration Strategies for the Treatment of Advanced Mandibular Furcation Defects: A Retrospective Study." Membranes 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2022): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020219.

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Teeth with furcation involvement (FI) present a higher risk of loss and are difficult to maintain. This study evaluated the efficacy of furcation defect regeneration (FDR) as a regeneration strategy. Pre-operative and 6-month postoperative radiographs were collected from patients receiving regeneration therapy for mandibular teeth with degree II and early degree III FI. The linear furcation involvement (LFI), ratio of LFI (RLI), LFI and RLI adjusted bythe alveolar bone crest (ABC), and radiographic intensity were assessed. The effects of demographic characteristics, regeneration treatment strategies, the relationship between furcation and ABC, and adjacent intrabony defect regeneration (AIDR) were evaluated using a generalized linear model and logistic regression. The results demonstrated that 1.5 mm adjusted LFI and 40% adjusted RLI were achieved in both pure furcation defects and combined furcation–angular defects by the combination of bone replacement grafts (BRG) and enamel matrix derivatives (EMD) or collagen membrane (CM); deproteinized bovine bone matrix (DBBM) showed a superior outcome among BRG. In combined furcation–angular defects, EMD appeared more beneficial than CM, and AIDR significantly promoted adjusted LFI and RLI. In conclusion, DBBM with EMD or CM was effective for FDR, and AIDR had a positive effect on FDR in the combined furcation–angular defect.
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Kim, Do-Hyun, Rae-Dong Jeong, Sena Choi, Ho-Jung Ju, and Ju-Yeon Yoon. "Application of Rapid and Reliable Detection of Cymbidium Mosaic Virus by Reverse Transcription Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Combined with Lateral Flow Immunoassay." Plant Pathology Journal 38, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 665–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5423/ppj.ft.10.2022.0147.

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Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) is one of economically important viruses that cause significant losses of orchids in the world. In the present study, a reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) assay combined with a lateral flow immunostrip (LFI) assay was developed for the detection of CymMV in orchid plants. A pair of primers containing fluorescent probes at each terminus that amplifies highly specifically a part of the coat protein gene of CymMV was determined for RT-RPA assay. The RT-RPA assay involved incubation at an isothermal temperature (39°C) and could be performed rapidly within 30 min. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed to occur with odontoglossum ringspot virus and cymbidium chlorotic mosaic virus. The RT-RPA with LFI assay (RT-RPA-LFI) for CymMV showed 100 times more sensitivity than conventional reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Furthermore, the RT-PCR-LFI assay demonstrated the simplicity and the rapidity of CymMV detection since the assay did not require any equipment, by comparing results with those of conventional RT-PCR. On-site application of the RT-RPA-LFI assay was validated for the detection of CymMV in field-collected orchids, indicating a simple, rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for detecting CymMV in orchids.
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Xie, J., R. Liu, F. Mo, H. Tang, H. Jiao, Y. Mei, and C. Yang. "POINTING BIAS CALIBRATION OF GAOFEN-7 LASER ALTIMETER BASED ON SINGLE LASER FOOTPRINT IMAGE." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-113-2020.

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Abstract. The GaoFen-7 (GF-7) satellite is successfully launched on November 3, 2019, and its laser altimeter system is officially and firstly employed as the main payload for earth observations in China, which includes two sets of laser altimeters and laser footprint cameras. The Laser Footprint Image (LFI) is used to capture laser spots on the ground. In order to make up for the shortcomings of high cost field work for the traditional laser altimeter ground detector-based calibration method, this paper proposes a novel laser altimeter calibration method based on LFI. Firstly, the spaceborne laser calibration model and the Laser Footprint Camera (LFC) geolocation model are established. Secondly, the image coordinates of laser spot centroid are extracted from LFI, and the ground location of is obtained by ray intersecting with the reference Digital Surface Model (DSM). Finally, the centroid of laser spot is considered as Ground Control Point (GCP), and the pointing bias of GF-7 laser altimeter is calibrated by the Least Squares Estimation (LSE). The ALOS Global Digital Surface Model “ALOS World 3D-30m” (AW3D30) is used to evaluate the elevation accuracy of GF-7 laser altimeter before and after the calibration. The results indicate that elevation accuracy of the GF-7 laser altimeter is improved significantly after calibration. The proposed method can be effectively applied for high-frequency geometric calibration of GF-7 laser altimeter.
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Maruf Hassan, Md, Touhid Bhuyian, M. Khaled Sohel, Md Hasan Sharif, and Saikat Biswas. "SAISAN: An Automated Local File Inclusion Vulnerability Detection Model." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.3 (March 8, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.3.9956.

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Communicating and delivering services to the consumers through web applications are now become very popular due to its user friendly interface, global accessibility, and easy manageability. Careless design and development of web applications are the key reasons for security breaches which are very alarming for the users as well as the web administrators. Currently, Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability is found present commonly in several web applications that lead to remote code execution in host server and initiates sensitive information disclosure. Detection of LFI vulnerability is getting very critical concern for the web owner to take effective measures to mitigate the risk. After reviewing literatures, we found insignificant researches conducted on automated detection of LFI vulnerability. This paper has proposed an automated LFI vulnerability detection model, SAISANfor web applications and implemented it through a tool. 265 web applications of four different sectors has been examined and received 88% accuracy from the tool comparing with the manual penetration testing method.
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Omar, Mohamed A., Heather Fraser, and Alexander S. Clanachan. "Ischemia-induced activation of AMPK does not increase glucose uptake in glycogen-replete isolated working rat hearts." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 294, no. 3 (March 2008): H1266—H1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01087.2007.

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Alterations in myocardial glucose metabolism are a key determinant of ischemia-induced depression of left ventricular mechanical function. Since myocardial glycogen is an important source of endogenous glucose, we compared the effects of ischemia on glucose uptake and utilization in isolated working rat hearts in which glycogen content was either replete (G replete, 114 μmol/g dry wt) or partially depleted (G depleted, 71 μmol/g dry wt). The effects of low-flow ischemia (LFI, 0.5 ml/min) on glucose uptake, glycogen turnover (glycogenolysis and glycogen synthesis), glycolysis, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and GLUT4 translocation were measured. Relative to preischemic values, LFI caused a time-dependent reduction in glycogen content in both G-replete and G-depleted groups due to an acceleration of glycogenolysis (by 12-fold and 6-fold, respectively). In G-replete hearts, LFI (15 min) decreased glucose uptake (by 59%) and did not affect GLUT4 translocation. In G-depleted hearts, LFI also decreased initially glucose uptake (by 90%) and glycogen synthesis, but after 15 min, when glycogenolysis slowed due to exhaustion of glycogen content, glucose uptake increased (by 31%) in association with an increase in GLUT4 translocation. After 60 min of LFI, glucose uptake, glycogenolysis, and glycolysis recovered to near-preischemic values in both groups. LFI increased AMPK activity in a time-dependent manner in both groups (by 6-fold and 4-fold, respectively). Thus, when glycogen stores are replete before ischemia, ischemia-induced AMPK activation is not sufficient to increase glucose uptake. Under these conditions, an acceleration of glycogen degradation provides sufficient endogenous substrate for glycolysis during ischemia.
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Hesberg, Jakob, Sentot Santoso, Gregor Bein, Tamam Bakchoul, and Ulrich Sachs. "Evaluation of a new nanoparticle-based lateral-flow immunoassay for the exclusion of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 106, no. 12 (2011): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th11-06-0390.

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SummaryHeparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse complication of heparin caused by HIT antibodies (abs) that recognise platelet factor 4-heparin (PF4/hep) complexes. Several laboratory tests are available for the confirmation and/or refutation of HIT. A reliable and rapid singlesample test is still pending. It was the objective of this study to evaluate a new lateral-flow immunoassay based on nanoparticle technology. A cohort of 452 surgical and medical patients suspected of having HIT was evaluated. All samples were tested in two IgG-specific ELISAs, in a particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA) and in a newly developed lateral-flow immunoassay (LFI-HIT) as well as in a functional test (HIPA). Clinical pre-test probability was determined using 4T's score. Platelet-activating antibodies were present in 34/452 patients, all of whom had intermediate to high clinical probability. PF4/hep abs were detected in 79, 87, 86, and 63 sera using the four different immunoassays. The negative predictive values (NPV) were 100% for both ELISA tests and LFI-HIT but only 99.2% for PaGIA. There were less false positives (n=29) in the LFI-HIT compared to any other test. Additionally, significantly less time was required to perform LFI-HIT than to perform the other immunoassays. In conclusion, a newly developed lateral-flow assay, LFI-HIT, was capable of identifying all HIT patients in a cohort in a short period of time. Beside an NPV of 100%, the rate of false-positive signals is significantly lower with LFI-HIT than with other immunoassay(s). These performance characteristics suggest a high potency in reducing the risk and costs in patients suspected of having HIT.
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42

Tsuchihashi, Jin, Shunji Koya, Keisuke Hirota, Noboru Koga, Hayato Narao, Manabu Tomita, Takumi Kawaguchi, et al. "Effects of In-Hospital Exercise on Frailty in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020194.

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Frailty including physical inactivity is associated with the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the effects of in-hospital exercise on frailty in patients with HCC. This was a multi-center observational study. Patients with HCC were classified into exercise (n = 114) and non-exercise (n = 67) groups. The exercise group was treated with a mixture of aerobic and resistance exercises (20–40 min/day, median four days). Frailty was assessed using the liver frailty index (LFI). Factors for changes in LFI were examined by multivariate and decision-tree analyses. The factors were also examined after propensity score matching. During hospitalization, LFI was significantly improved in the exercise group compared to the non-exercise group (ΔLFI −0.17 vs. −0.02, p = 0.0119). In multivariate analysis, exercise (odds ratio (OR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.240–4.570, p = 0.0091) and females (OR 2.09; 95%CI, 1.062–4.109; p = 0.0328) were identified as independent factors for the improvement of LFI. In the decision-tree analysis, exercise was identified as an initial classifier associated with the improvement of LFI. Similar findings were also seen in the propensity score matching analyses. We demonstrated that in-hospital exercise improved frailty in patients with HCC. Thus, in-hospital exercise may be beneficial for improving physical function in patients with HCC.
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43

Tsuchihashi, Jin, Shunji Koya, Keisuke Hirota, Noboru Koga, Hayato Narao, Manabu Tomita, Takumi Kawaguchi, et al. "Effects of In-Hospital Exercise on Frailty in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Cancers 13, no. 2 (January 7, 2021): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13020194.

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Frailty including physical inactivity is associated with the survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aimed to investigate the effects of in-hospital exercise on frailty in patients with HCC. This was a multi-center observational study. Patients with HCC were classified into exercise (n = 114) and non-exercise (n = 67) groups. The exercise group was treated with a mixture of aerobic and resistance exercises (20–40 min/day, median four days). Frailty was assessed using the liver frailty index (LFI). Factors for changes in LFI were examined by multivariate and decision-tree analyses. The factors were also examined after propensity score matching. During hospitalization, LFI was significantly improved in the exercise group compared to the non-exercise group (ΔLFI −0.17 vs. −0.02, p = 0.0119). In multivariate analysis, exercise (odds ratio (OR) 2.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.240–4.570, p = 0.0091) and females (OR 2.09; 95%CI, 1.062–4.109; p = 0.0328) were identified as independent factors for the improvement of LFI. In the decision-tree analysis, exercise was identified as an initial classifier associated with the improvement of LFI. Similar findings were also seen in the propensity score matching analyses. We demonstrated that in-hospital exercise improved frailty in patients with HCC. Thus, in-hospital exercise may be beneficial for improving physical function in patients with HCC.
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44

Sachs, Ulrich J., Jakob von Hesberg, Sentot Santoso, Gregor Bein, and Tamam Bakchoul. "Evaluation of a New Nanoparticle-Based Lateral-Flow Immunoassay for the Exclusion of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT),." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 3290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.3290.3290.

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Abstract Abstract 3290 Background: Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse complication of heparin caused by HIT antibodies (abs) that recognize platelet factor 4-heparin (PF4/hep) complexes. Several laboratory tests are available for the confirmation and/or refutation of HIT. A reliable and rapid single-sample test is still pending. Objectives: To evaluate a new lateral-flow immunoassay based on nanoparticle technology. Patients/methods: A cohort of 452 surgical and medical patients suspected of having HIT was evaluated. All samples were tested in two IgG-specific ELISAs, in a particle gel immunoassay (PaGIA) and in a newly developed lateral-flow immunoassay (LFI-HIT) as well as in a functional test (HIPA). Clinical pre-test probability was determined using 4T's score. Results: Platelet-activating antibodies were present in 34/452 patients, all of whom had intermediate to high clinical probability. PF4/hep abs were detected in 79, 87, 86, and 63 sera using the four different immunoassays. The negative predictive values (NPV) were 100% for both ELISA tests and LFI-HIT but only 99.2% for PaGIA. There were less false positives (n=29) in the LFI-HIT compared to any other test. Additionally, significantly less time was required to perform LFI-HIT (median time, 11 min 30 sec) than to perform the other immunoassays. Conclusion: A newly developed lateral-flow assay, LFI-HIT, was capable of identifying all HIT patients in a cohort in a short period of time. Beside an NPV of 100%, the rate of false-positive signals is significantly lower with LFI-HIT than with other immunoassay(s). These performance characteristics suggest a high potency in reducing the risk and costs in patients suspected of having HIT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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45

Zhang, Chaozheng, and Danling Chen. "Fragmentation Reduction through Farmer-Led Land Transfer and Consolidation? Experiences of Rice Farmers in Wuhan Metropolitan Area, China." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 6, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070631.

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Land fragmentation has become a serious obstacle to agricultural production, and land transfer and consolidation are traditionally emphasized as the two most effective solutions to this quandary. To identify the extent of land fragmentation accurately and systematically, this study selected the number of plots, the average size of plots, and the average distance between plots to calculate the land fragmentation index (LFI). Taking the Wuhan metropolitan area as a case study, this study examined the effectiveness of farmer-led land transfer and consolidation on land fragmentation. The main results are as follows: (a) most of the transferred plots and contracted plots were not spatially adjacent, suggesting that the tenants could not merge and consolidate both plots; (b) land transfer caused the LFI to increase by 2.85%, suggesting that land transfer had intensified the degree of land fragmentation to some extent; (c) if the transferred and contracted plots were non-adjacent or adjacent but unmerged and unconsolidated, then the LFI might increase or decrease; (d) if the transferred and contracted plots were spatially adjacent, merged, and consolidated, then the LFI decreased significantly.
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46

Yada, Norihisa, Toshiharu Sakurai, Tomohiro Minami, Tadaaki Arizumi, Masahiro Takita, Satoru Hagiwara, Hiroshi Ida, Kazuomi Ueshima, Naoshi Nishida, and Masatoshi Kudo. "Prospective Risk Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C by Ultrasound Strain Elastography." Digestive Diseases 34, no. 6 (2016): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000448865.

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Objective: We have reported about real-time tissue elastography (RTE), which displays relative strain by measuring the relative distortion of the tissue, and found this information to be useful for diagnosing liver fibrosis. However, its use in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma has not been reported as yet. Here, we investigated RTE to predict liver carcinogenesis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: We enrolled 160 patients with chronic HCV, who were followed up for 39.9 ± 22.9 weeks (median). They underwent RTE and then ultrasounds every 3-6 months. Results: Respective cumulative liver cancer incidences for years 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 were, for the entire cohort: 2.0, 5.6, 8.8, 13.1, and 23.9%; for those whose liver fibrosis index (LFI) was ≤2.0: 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0, and 0.0%; for those whose LFI was 2-2.8: 0.0, 7.4, 7.4, 13.2 and 19.9%; and for those whose LFI was >2.8: 12.9, 12.9, 21.7, 31.4, and 31.4% (p = 0.011; log-rank test). Conclusions: Measurements of LFI by strain imaging can effectively predict liver cancer risk in patients with chronic HCV infection.
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47

Majcher, Kamil. "Konkurencyjność Andyjskiego Wspólnego Rynku (CAN) w handlu zagranicznym kawą i jej substytutami." Ekonomia Międzynarodowa, no. 32 (December 30, 2020): 294–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2082-4440.32.03.

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Celem artykułu jest ocenienie konkurencyjności krajów Andyjskiego Wspólnego Rynku – CAN (Kolumbia, Peru, Ekwador, Boliwia) w odniesieniu do handlu zagranicznego kawą i jej substytutami na rynku międzynarodowym w 1995 i 2019 r. W badaniu wykorzystano metodę analizy ilościowych wskaźników międzynarodowej pozycji konkurencyjnej ex post: RCA, IPR, RTA, LFI. Analiza wykazała, że w 1995 r. wszystkie kraje CAN miały silną przewagę komparatywną w handlu zagranicznym kawą i jej substytutami, przy czym relatywnie najwyższy poziom konkurencyjności na rynku międzynarodowym osiągnęła Kolumbia (wysokie indeksy RTA: 17,92 i LFI: 25,28). W 2019 r. przewagę komparatywną utraciły Boliwia (niski indeks RTA: –0,56) i Ekwador (RTA: –0,21). Tendencję zniżkową zaobserwowano w przypadku każdego z członków wspólnoty (spadek indeksów RCA, RTA, LFI, wzrost indeksu IPR).
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48

Greenstreet, Simon P. R., Stuart I. Rogers, Jake C. Rice, Gerjan J. Piet, Emma J. Guirey, Helen M. Fraser, and Rob J. Fryer. "Development of the EcoQO for the North Sea fish community." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 1 (October 30, 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq156.

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Abstract Greenstreet, S. P. R., Rogers, S. I., Rice, J. C., Piet, G. J., Guirey, E. J., Fraser, H. M., and Fryer, R. J. 2011. Development of the EcoQO for the North Sea fish community. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1–11. Development of the Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO) for the North Sea demersal fish community is described. Size-based metrics were identified as the most effective indicators of the state of the community, but such metrics are also sensitive to environmental influence. Redefining the large fish indicator (LFI) produced a metric more sensitive to fishing-induced change and therefore more useful to managers. Fish stocks were thought to be exploited at a sustainable rate in the early 1980s, so in a process echoing the precautionary approach to fish stock management, this was considered the reference period for the LFI, suggesting a value of 0.3 as the appropriate EcoQO. The LFI declined from around 0.3 in 1983 to 0.05 in 2001, followed by a recovery to 0.22 in 2008. However, analyses of the longer-term groundfish survey data suggest that, even were fishing pressure to be reduced to early 20th century levels, the LFI would be unlikely to rise much above a value of 0.3. The response of the LFI to variation in fishing pressure suggested a more complex relationship than anticipated, underscoring the need for operational theoretical size-resolved multispecies fish community models to support management towards broader ecosystem objectives.
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49

D'Arcangelo, O., L. Figini, A. Simonetto, F. Villa, M. Pecora, P. Battaglia, M. Bersanelli, et al. "The Planck-LFI flight model composite waveguides." Journal of Instrumentation 4, no. 12 (December 29, 2009): T12007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/t12007.

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50

Herreros, J. M., M. F. Gómez, R. Rebolo, H. Chulani, J. A. Rubiño-Martin, S. R. Hildebrandt, M. Bersanelli, et al. "The Planck-LFI Radiometer Electronics Box Assembly." Journal of Instrumentation 4, no. 12 (December 29, 2009): T12008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/4/12/t12008.

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