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Batstone, Rob. "Grammar, lexis and context." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1991. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10018502/.
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Language teaching has been strongly influenced over recent years by talk of notions and functions, most notably through Wilkins' (1976) work on Notional Syllabuses. Yet the notional/functional syllabus has been criticized for failing to capture anything more than a superficial correspondence between form and meaning. In this thesis I argue for a framework in which a deeper congruence between form and meaning is developed. I identify regularities in the lexico-syntactic structure of English which express recognizable notional relationships, which in turn reflect deeper conceptualizations of relations between events and participants. These conceptualizations are represented on a semantic continuum of 'contextual distance'. By reference to this continuum, I argue that we can identify a clear congruence between increasing conceptual complexity and increasing lexicosyntactic complexity. This account gives considerable prominence to the role of lexis, and to the interdependence between grammar, lexis and context in the signalling of meaning, something which has not always been adequately considered within linguistics or within applied linguistics. I then consider a possible application of these ideas to pedagogy. In many 'product' approaches to syllabus design and methodology, learners work with language forms whose meanings are to an extent already fixed, with grammar subsuming lexis and with cotext and context already clearly related by the materials designer. In such approaches the interdependence between grammar, lexis and context is sometimes lost sight of, and I argue for a revised approach in which this interdependence is made central. Thus learners are encouraged to fashion their own meanings by working with lexical items, and by learning to grammaticize these lexical items by reference to context. By separating out grammar and lexis in this way, learners are given direct access to the deeper congruence between form and meaning - between grammar, lexis and context. The format of the thesis is as follows . I begin with a selective review of work in linguistics (chapter one) and applied linguistics (chapter two), arguing that the importance of the grammar/lexis relationship has not (by and large) been much investigated. In chapter three I introduce the continuum of contextual distance, outlining a general hypothesis in which relationships between grammar, lexis and context are linked to a deeper understanding of the congruence between form and meaning. I go on to develop the detail of this hypothesis, looking both at ideational meanings (chapter four) and interpersonal meanings (chapter five). Stepping back from these detailed arguments, I conclude by presenting an approach to classroom methodology (chapter six) and to syllabus design (chapter seven) based on the concept of learner grammaticization.
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Barilli, Chiara <1983>. "Lexis paidike. L'infanzia in Origene." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4644/.
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La tesi considera la trattazione del tema dell’infanzia nell’opera di Origene di Alessandria attraverso l’analisi dei testi trasmessi nell’originale greco e delle traduzioni latine di Rufino e Gerolamo.
Il motivo dell’infanzia è considerato nei suoi molteplici significati, a più livelli: esegetico, antropologico, filosofico, teologico. La ricerca non si limita dunque ad un’analisi di taglio storico, ma ambisce a definire la concezione e la considerazione della prima età dal punto di vista di Origene e nel contesto più ampio della letteratura coeva.
Attraverso una lettura estensiva del corpus dell’Alessandrino sono stati isolati tutti i passi che si riferiscono all’infanzia a livello letterale e metaforico. Ne emerge una trattazione complessa del tema: il bambino è per Origene, in linea con le contemporanee dottrine filosofiche, un essere eminentemente irrazionale. Il pieno sviluppo della facoltà razionale si colloca al termine di questa prima fase dell’esistenza. L’irrazionalità infantile previene nei più piccoli l’insorgere delle passioni. A questa dottrina, di matrice stoica, si ricollegano alcuni sviluppi di grande rilievo: la non-imputabilità dei minori ed il legame tra razionalità e responsabilità individuale; la riflessione sulla sofferenza dei bambini e la ricerca di una sua causa, che non intacchi il principio della giustizia divina; l’ipotesi della preesistenza delle anime. Sul piano teologico la ricerca si focalizza sulle nozioni di paternità e filiazione e sul tema, centrale nell’orizzonte origeniano, della pedagogia. Origene concepisce la pedagogia umana, sul modello di quella divina, come una rete dinamica di relazioni che ricalca i rapporti parentali. A fianco di questi ambiti d’interesse principali l’analisi considera aspetti ulteriori: risalto è concesso, in particolare, all’elemento biografico ed all’aspetto linguistico e letterario della prosa origeniana, quest'ultimo spesso trascurato dalla critica. Lo studio mostra inoltre la vitalità di alcuni modelli esegetici origeniani nella tradizione successiva.The dissertation considers the theme of childhood in the oeuvre of Origen of Alexandria through the analysis of the extant Greek works as well as of the Latin translations of Rufinus and Jerome. The research aims at providing a full description of Origen’s conception of childhood in the larger context of his anthropology, philosophy and theology. Along with the most common philosophical doctrines of his time, the Alexandrian considers children to be irrational human beings. Following the Stoic identification of passions with bad judgements, the author explains children’s freedom from affections as a result of their not yet fully developed rational faculty: this interpretation allows him to justify children’s exemplarity in the Gospels. The theory is linked with other important elements of Origen’s thought: the association of rationality and individual responsibility, the reflexion on children’s suffering and the need to clear its causes, thus preserving divine justice; the hypothesis of the pre-existence of souls. On a theological level, the present research focuses on the notions of paternity and filiation and on Origen’s conception of pedagogy. Paternity and education converge: shaping human pedagogy on the model of divine education, Origen conceives it as a net of dynamic relations close to the relationship between father and son. Beside these major themes, the research considers other aspects: great emphasis is given to the prose of Origen and to its features, which have almost been neglected by scholars. The textual analysis of many passages linked with the theme of childhood has allowed a deeper knowledge of the Alexandrian’s linguistic creativity, expressed in the coinage of new words, in the choice of unusual expressions as well as in his use of a variety of registers. Moreover, the study attempts to show the vitality of some exegetical schemas of Origen in the Christian tradition.
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Barilli, Chiara. "Lexis paidike : l'infanzia in Origene." Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5006.
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La thèse présente une analyse thématique du corpus grec et des traductions latines de l’œuvre origénienne, portant sur l’image de l’enfance. La recherche rassemble les passages du Maître alexandrin qui se réfèrent, littéralement et métaphoriquement, au premier âge de la vie. Le thème, en apparence marginal par rapport aux grandes problématiques théologiques et philosophiques soulevées par l’œuvre d’Origène, se trouve pourtant au centre de plusieurs réflexions de l’auteur portant à la fois sur l’exégèse, sur l’anthropologie et sur la théologie. Dans le cadre de l’anthropologie origénienne, l’enfance montre l’individu dépourvu d’une pleine rationalité. Fidèle à l’éthique stoïcienne, qui considère les passions comme un mauvais jugement et comme un usage incorrect de la faculté rationnelle, l’Alexandrin conclut à l’indépendance des enfants quant aux émotions des adultes. Les enfants ignorent les affections caractéristiques de l’âge adulte ainsi que la malice et ne peuvent opter ni pour le bien ni pour le mal. L’auteur développe ainsi certains thèmes majeurs : le lien entre rationalité et responsabilité individuelle, la réflexion sur les souffrances des enfants et leur justification, l’hypothèse de la préexistence des âmes. Phase de l’existence humaine, l’enfance est également, par métaphore, un instrument de l’argumentation origénienne pour résoudre et éclairer des passages exégétiques controversés. Au niveau plus proprement théologique, au sein de la communauté, la condition enfantine représente la classe des simples, objet de la pédagogie des chrétiens confirmés. Origène décrit la pédagogie humaine comme une imitation du modèle offert par l’économie pédagogique divineThe dissertation considers the theme of childhood in the oeuvre of Origen of Alexandria through the analysis of the extant Greek works as well as in the Latin translations of Rufinus and Jerome. The research aims at providing a full description of Origen’s conception of childhood in the larger context of his anthropology, philosophy and theology. Along with the most common philosophical doctrines of his time, the Alexandrian considers children to be irrational human beings. Following the Stoic identification of passions with bad judgements, the author explains children’s freedom from affections as a result of their not yet fully developed rational faculty: this interpretation allows him to justify children’s exemplarity in the Gospels. The theory is linked with other important elements of Origen’s thought: the association of rationality and individual responsibility, the reflexion on children’s suffering and the need to clear its causes, thus preserving divine justice; the hypothesis of the pre-existence of souls. On a theological level, the present research focuses on the notions of paternity and filiation and on Origen’s conception of pedagogy. Paternity and education converge: shaping human pedagogy on the model of divine education, Origen conceives it as a net of dynamic relations close to the relationship between father and son. Beside these major themes, the research considers other aspects: great emphasis is given to the prose of Origen and to its features, which have almost been neglected by scholars. Moreover, the study attempts to show the vitality of some exegetical schemas of Origen in Christian tradition
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Huffam, Ian. "Translating Aristotelian Lexis in Euripides's Electra." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38458.
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In Poetics, Aristotle defines lexis as being the “language” of tragedy, and this language is one of the elements of tragedy that creates the mimetic representation. As Aristotle literally describes of the words of tragic composition as “doing” something, I consider lexis as an equivalent to J.L. Austin’s locutionary function of language, and the creation of the mimetic representation as the illocutionary. Aristotle’s conception of tragic composition requires a rigid understanding of the tragic form and its proper deployment as he leaves no room for perlocution, and so I also employ Jan Mukařovský’s theory of intentionality/unintentionality in art to explain how a play such as Euripides’s Electra may be understood as a product of the literary culture in which it arose. I then review historical trends of translating Greek tragedy into English to establish how modern translation is moving further away from reverence to the lexis of tragedy. Finally I address the various sections of Electra, a play with an almost non-existent performance record in English, to establish how I may respect the original lexis in my own translation, thereby imparting a (hopefully) similar effect on a modern audience.
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Kenny, Dorothy A. "Norms and creativity : : lexis in translated text." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488168.
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Douglas, Fiona M. "The role of lexis in Scottish newspapers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400738.
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Psaroudakes, Stelios. "Tragoidia : towards a description of Lexis and Melopoiia." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431035.
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Petrotta, Anthony J. "Lexis ludens : wordplay and the book of Micah /." New York ; Paris : P. Lang, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb372110422.
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Lexis, Meike [Verfasser], and N. [Akademischer Betreuer] Willenbacher. "Rheology of Protein Foams / Meike Lexis. Betreuer: N. Willenbacher." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1073939871/34.
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Bradshaw, Julie Margaret. "Rewordings in dyadic language teaching : a study of lexis." Thesis, University of York, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.280418.
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Ramos, Jorge Antonio. "Indice de los 10 volúmenes de Lexis (1977-1986)." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102767.
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Este lndice tiene como finalidad presentar la totalidad de los textos aparecidos en los, hasta ahora, diez volúmenes de Lexis. Ha sido elaborado en dos partes: la primera se refiere a colaboradores, títulos colectivos y autores de obras y revistas reseñadas, necrologías, instituciones, Congresos e informaciones de la revista; ordenándose cronológicamente y siguiendo un estricto ordende aparición. La segunda parte, Temática, comprende las secciones que se han podido elaborar en base a la composición de los textos mismos, y remite a la primera indicando el número de la ficha correspondiente.
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Kotarcic, Ana. "Aristotle's concept of lexis : a theory of language and style." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7754.
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Aristotle's concept of lexis has been discussed by numerous scholars, yet no comprehensive account of lexis has been produced so far. To fill this gap in scholarship, this thesis offers a systematic analysis of Aristotle's concept of lexis by dividing it into three levels, which allow a step-by-step approach to understanding this multi-layered concept. By considering Plato's and Isocrates' thoughts on lexis, Chapter 1 outlines the intellectual context in which Aristotle's ideas on the concept of lexis developed. Chapters 2-5 focus on the three levels of lexis and Chapter 6 brings a concluding discussion of metaphor. In Chapter 2 the linguistic elements treated under the notion of lexis and Aristotle's theory of language are delineated. These not only present Aristotle's thoughts on language as an abstract system, but they also form the most fundamental level upon which the remainder of Aristotle's thoughts on the concept of lexis are based. Chapter 3 explores Aristotle's remarks regarding individuals' use of linguistic elements as determined by sociolinguistic factors. Aristotle's occasional statements about language usage within the concept of lexis provide valuable pieces of evidence for studies in sociolinguistics and for his ideas on lexis on its third level as discussed in Chapters 4 and 5. In Chapter 4 the intra-textual aspect of Aristotle's remarks on lexis as a means for the creation of different kinds of poetry and rhetoric, i.e. lexis as technē, is examined. In Chapter 5 extra-textual factors are considered and are followed by a discussion of the purpose and function of lexis on its third level. Chapter 6 concludes the discussion of lexis by focusing on metaphor, the linguistic and stylistic element par excellence treated under the notion of lexis, which further highlights the benefits of a three-level approach to Aristotle's concept of lexis.
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Uždalevič, Aelita. "The influence of the English language over Lithuanian and Russian lexis." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090629_115332-34899.
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The study analyses the influence of the English language over Lithuanian and Russian lexis and explores the main tendencies. The aim of the research is to describe English borrowings in Lithuanian and Russian mass media in the last two decades. The objectives of my analysis are: to describe main factors (linguistic and extra linguistic) which influence the influx of the English borrowings; to reveal usage tendencies of the loanwords in the Russian and Lithuanian languages, and present examples of modern borrowings; to classify English borrowings semantically and structurally. The research methods used in this study are: descriptive method and content analysis. The results of the research have shown that both languages experience the influence of the English language while borrowing lexical units of different significance as a result of industrial and technological changes, new technological developments, changing attitudes, cultural transmission and other social determinants. Due to the fact, words borrowed from English represent nearly all semantic areas. Moreover, in Russian and Lithuanian languages, loanwords are subjected to various exposures to adapt them to the possibilities of a language system and the needs of those who use these languages: they acquire suffixes and/or endings of Lithuanian and Russian; they become a basis for further word-construction. In relation to this it can be stated that at the expense of borrowings, and on their basis, in the result of... [to full text]Tyrinėjant medžiagą ir analizuojant pavyzdžius buvo įrodyta, jog abi kalbos patiria Anglų kalbos įtaką skolinant leksinius unitus. Be to, Anglų kalbos skoliniai plačiai naudojami Lietuvių ir Rusų kalbos žiniasklaidoje. Pastebėtas naujų reikšmių vystymasis dėl Anglų kalbos įtakos ir vartotojų poreikius. Tai pat tas faktas, kad skoliniai ne iš karto įtraukiami į literatūrinę kalbą yra akcentuojamas, nors jie plačiai naudojami šnekamojoje kalboje. Semantišku požiūrių naujausius Rusų ir Lietuvių kalbos skolinius galima padalinti į keletą semantinių grupių, kuriuos visiškai atspindi tas sferas, kuriuose yra didelis žmonių susidomėjimas, ir tas sferas kuriuose vyksta visuomeniniai pakeitimai. Didžiąją dalis skoliniu Rusų ir Lietuvių kalbose priklauso ekonomikai (deliveris, брокер), technikai (failas, роуминг), muzikai (singlas, римейк), kosmetikai (tattoo, типсы), paslaugoms (single room, шоппинг), kompiuteriui (hakeris, кликнуть) ir politikai (impičmentas, спикер). Be to, galima rasti nemažai skolinių susijusiu su drabužiais (bodis, сникерсы), valgiu (miusliai, спреды), teatrais (kastingas, блокбастер), žmonėmis (breikeris, киллер) ir sportu (geimas, шейкдаун). Kai kurie skoliniai Lietuvių kalboje priklauso kultūrai (pubas) ir statybai (deckas), tuo metu kai Rusu kalboje dalis skoliniu susijusi su antgamtiniais dalykais (суперме). Abi kalbos pasirenka tos skolinius nes Anglų kalbos įtaka labai didelė, ir visos svarbiausios kasdieninio gyvenimo srytis pripildyti neologizmais... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Sikogukira, Matutin. "Transferability of cognate lexis in the English of Francophone African learners." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20786.
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This study is concerned with the investigation of the phenomenon of lexical cognateness and the transferability of French-English cognates from French (L2) to English (L3) by Burundian university students of English whose L1 is Kirundi, a Bantu language. The study examines cognate lexis according to the criteria of etymological origin as well as form, sound, and meaning correspondence and contrasts. It also investigates how 'false cognates' come about through semantic change and suggests the usefulness of examining French-English cognates in terms of 'cross-linguistic sense relations' such as synonymy, hyponymy, homonymy, and polysemy. These various features have been adopted as exploratory and classificatory devices in order to provide a linguistic framework for a systematic description and classification of French-English cognates. The investigation concludes that (I) apart from a few exceptions described as 'accidental cognates', French-English cognates are etymologically and historically related, (ii) false cognates have resulted from various forms of semantic change in the course of time such as the extension or narrowing of the original meaning, change in denotative meaning, and shift from denotative to figurative or emotive meaning, and (iii) a good number of French-English cognates can be described as cross-linguistic synonyms and hyponyms. The experimental part of the study comprises four tasks (sentence completion, acceptability judgement, multiple choice, and word association) all designed to assess the transferability of cognates from French to English. One hundred and twenty-six subjects selected from four different years of study in the Department of English language and literature of the University of Burundi took part in the experiments. The findings of the study support our three research hypotheses.
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Robert, Elen. "Welsh lexical planning and the use of lexis in institutional settings." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58814/.
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This thesis considers what I call lexical planning initiatives for Welsh – formal attempts to codify and standardise Welsh words. Welsh has been subjected to lexical planning – and purification – attempts for a number of centuries, with lexicographers seeking to coin and standardise Welsh-equivalent words for concepts that have initially emerged through contact with English (and other prestigious languages). Lexical planners have redoubled their efforts in the last fifty years, but especially since 1993, largely as a result of the language revitalisation movement. Lexical planning efforts can be envisaged as attempts to influence the acquisition and use of any lexical resources, but they often focus on specific subject matters, especially from modern or emergent domains or disciplines. Such initiatives are often referred to as terminology planning/standardisation. My research considers the implementation of these planning initiatives, focusing on spoken language data at two research sites: the broadcast media and an office-based workplace. Taking a two-pronged approach to analysis, I ask whether, how and why Welsh speakers use planned lexis. First, I consider the extent to which the lexical content is in keeping with the stipulations of lexical planners in their codification texts. This approach is chiefly quantitative, drawing broadly on corpus linguistics and variationist sociolinguistics. Secondly, taking a more context- and practice-focused, as well as critical approach, I undertake an interaction analysis of the in situ use of lexical resources. From this perspective, we gain a picture of the underlying, sometimes conflicting, ideologies and discourse priorities that motivate lexical choice. This approach considers lexical planning initiatives not as implemented top-down, but embedded in their social milieu. Finally, I consider the implications of my research for the broader revitalisation effort, asking to what extent lexical planning initiatives, as they are currently imagined and conducted, complement other language planning endeavours, and whether and how they might be reconsidered.
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Karakira, Steve, of Western Sydney Macarthur University, and Faculty of Education. "Lexis versus text : the case for translating English legal texts into Arabic." THESIS_FE_XXX_KARAKIRA_ S.xml, 1997. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/19.
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The thesis explores the nature of the difficulties involved in translating legal texts, focusing mainly on translating English legal texts into Arabic. It shows that these difficulties fall into two categories, structural and terminological. the latter being more problematical. The language of law is distinct, rigid, precise and too formal. The difficulty arises when a translator's exposure to the cultural and legal environments of his working languages is unbalanced. This could lead a translator to misunderstand not only the significance of the specialised terms used, but also the distinctive features of syntax and register of the original language text. The other, and more significant, difficulty arises from the lack of equivalence at the term level in the two languages. The research was conducted in two parts. In the first part, original legal texts in both English and Arabic were analysed, and the linguistic exponents extracted and compared. In the second part of the research, the development process of the English and Arabic legal terminology were considered, and the differences in terminology imposed by the different nature of the legal environments explored, including the adversarial versus inquisitorial systems. An empirical study concludes the thesis. It consists of a questionnaire and a list of legal terms which twenty translators were asked to complete. The results of the research are quite controversial. The argument is that difficulties involved in legal translations are more conceived than real in so far as textual, syntactic and structural features are concerned. The similarities between English and Arabic legal texts in this respect are striking. The confusion and indecisiveness which usually reign when translating English legal texts into Arabic will be alleviated through providing examples from contemporary Arabic legal texts, accompanied by textual and linguistic analyses. The real difficulty is in the field of terminology. However, a corpus of terms in the criminal code is discussed, focusing on terms with direct application to the Australian situation. This should be of direct benefit to Arabic translators and interpreters in Australia and other English-speaking countries.Master of Arts (Hons) (Translation)
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Karakira, Steven. "LEXIS versus text : the case for translating English legal texts into Arabic /." [Campbelltown, N.S.W. : The Author], 1997. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030709.084948/index.html.
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Krakovich, Vadim Boris. "Lexis of ideology in Soviet textbooks of Russian language for Spanish speakers /." Digital version accessible at:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Gilanlioglu, Ilkay. "The effects of task features on lexis and grammar in L2 oral performance." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10007383/.
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This thesis is based upon an experimental study designed to establish the effects of task features on lexis and grammar in L2 (English as a second or foreign language) learners' oral performance by investigating the complex interactions between a wide range of interrelating variables. Specifically, task conditions (the presence or absence of planning time with descriptive vs. narrative tasks) are analysed with respect to lexical measures (word range, lexis-to-grammar ratio, lexical density, lexical choice, syllabic range, lexical strategy use and evidence for lexical stretching) and to grammatical measures (complexity and accuracy), as well as to measures of fluency. The thesis aims to look into the relationship between lexis and grammar within the context of spoken discourse where task features like planning time and task type interact. It is particularly focussed on lexis (which has so far been underplayed in L2 acquisition research). The concept of lexical stretching is proposed, as a parallel to the already familiar notion of grammaticallinterlanguage stretching, and evidence for lexical stretching is provided by drawing parallels between the quantitative, statistical analysis of oral performances and qualitative analysis of protocols held with learners on the completion of tasks. The research study addresses such questions as the effect of the provision of planning time on lexical vs. grammatical stretching: is there a trade-off between them, and is this further influenced by task type (operationalised here as descriptive vs. narrativebased tasks)? It also examines the ways in which contextual and interpersonal factors influence interlanguage use, particularly the use of lexis and grammar. Based on the analyses (both quantitative and qualitative), it is concluded that not only are there interdependencies between lexis and grammar, and most strikingly within lexis, but also there are contextual and interpersonal constraints on L2 learners' output, suggesting an interaction of task features and contextual factors.
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Yamasaki(Hayashi), Nozomi. "Patterns and functions of unspecific nominal phrases in English : from lexis to discourse." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144437.
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Музя, Е. М. "Критерии определения круга источников топонимической лексики для формирования топонимического словника." Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17456.
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Dewey, Martin. "English as a lingua franca : an empirical study of innovation in lexis and grammar." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/english-as-a-lingua-franca(4d9a33c1-967a-4379-8d99-dd7ee4c37299).html.
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This thesis deals with the spread of English internationally, and presents specifically a discussion on the use of English as a lingua franca (ELF). The research project has involved the collection and analysis of a corpus of exclusively non-native speaker - non-native speaker spoken interactions. The main aim of the research has been to provide systematic descriptions of innovative linguistic features in such interactions, with the view to analysing emerging patterns of the use of linguistic resources by speakers for whom English is not their first language. My discussion reviews the growing body of ELF literature, including existing and ongoing corpus-based projects in phonology, pragmatics and lexicogrammar. The data gathered in this research project contributes to our growing understanding of the diversification of English in the world. The findings of this research contribute specifically to descriptions of the ways in which the lexical and grammatical resources of English are being employed in ELF settings. The theoretical and empirical insights gained in this research are discussed with reference to the contemporary context of globalisation, and to the historical context of the development of English diachronically. A further focus of the discussion is on the pedagogical implications of the findings for English language teaching and language teacher education.
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Nelson, Michael Bernard. "Corpus-based study of the lexis of business English and business English teaching materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488069.
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This thesis addresses two fundamental issues regarding lexis in the Business English environment. It firstly asks whether the lexis of Business English is significantly different from that of 'everyday' general English, and secondly, if the lexis found in Business English published materials is significantly different from that found in real-life business. In order to test these hypotheses two corpora were created to form the basis of the analysis: the Published Materials Corpus (PMC) consisting of 33 published Business English course and resource books at 590,000 running words and the Business English Corpus (BEC) at, 1,023,000 running words divided between spoken (44%) and written (56%) texts. The BNC Sampler corpus was used as reference corpus. These three corpora were then able to be lexically compared by using WordSmith 3 (Scott 1999) using statistically-based key words. The results of these analyses showed that it was possible to define the world of business lexis, and also how it was lexically separated from general English by placing the words into a limited group of semantic categories. These categories were found to recur across word class boundaries and showed a lexical world of business bounded by its people, institutions, activities, events and entities, The boundary limits of business lexis were placed by the non-business lexis of the negative key words and the semantic groups they formed. Representative words from each of the main semantic groups were chosen for further study to see how they behaved both semantically and grammatically. Louw's (1993) concept of semantic prosody was used to determine how Business English words associated with certain semantic groups, and Firth's (1957) and Hoey's (1997) idea of colligation was used to show which grammatical patterns the words typically formed themselves into. Results of these secondary analyses of the BEC showed that whilst some business lexis associates with semantic groups unique to itself, most lexis is formed into patterns of interrelated semantic groups which regularly co-occur with each other. Additionally, there was evidence to suggest that words form associations to some semantic groups when in the business environment, and others when out of it. In the business setting, the meaning potential of words was found to be reduced and this had consequences both semantically and grammatically. Fewer meanings were used than in general English - and, as grammatical patterning and meaning were found to be co-dependent, restricted meaning led to area-specific and restricted grammatical patterning. The same analytical methods were used in the analysis of the PMC and it was compared both to the BNC, to see how published materials differ from general English, and to the BEC, to see how two corpora, both purporting to be Business English, differed from each other. Where the BEC could be seen to show a limited and specialist lexis, the PMC was even more limited. The lexical world of business presented by the materials showed a stress on personal and interpersonal contact, and a focus on a limited number of business activities, notably entertaining, travel, meetings and presentations. There was less reference to states and qualities, and the lexis in the PMC concentrated even more than the BEC on tangible, concrete items
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Hill, D. J. "A cross-linguistic study of the lexis of locomotion in second language learners of English." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.652432.
Full textAbstract:
The lexical development of second language learners can be seen to involve them in a process of recategorization. This is also a lifelong, though progressively attenuated, feature in the first language. For the second language learner, however, the process is complicated by the possibility of lexico-semantic interaction between the first and later languages learned. The lexical focus of the study is on the semantic domain of locomotion, which is seen in cognitive semantic terms as a realization of the Source-Path-Goal schema. Talmy's typology of motion events provides the linguistic framework for the research programme. According to this typology, languages will tend to have a characteristic verb lexicalization pattern in which motion is conflated with either a Path or a Manner component. The language-learning context is one of learners of English as a second language in a multilingual African country - Kenya. The subjects in the study were drawn from three different first language communities - Luo, Nandi and Lunyore - the first two being Nilotic languages and the third a Bantu language. There were also two levels of L2 proficiency - intermediate and advanced. Four tasks were used to investigate the mental lexicon of the subjects in order to clarify the role of the L1 in lexical organization and use. Two tasks, involving story retelling and sentence completion, considered productive lexical usage and two, using sentence judging and card sorting, looked at receptive usage. Individual verb use was examined as well as Talmy's typology. The results support the view that the mother tongue does influence L2 vocabulary use, both receptive and productive, in quite subtle ways, such as lexicalization patterns, frequency of use of particular verbs, the understanding and acceptance of certain verbs. The influence will vary according to the nature of the task and between individuals. It also tends to decline with greater proficiency, although an established local variety of the L2 is likely to reinforce certain features.
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Dowling, Elizabeth Alexandra Mary. "Anglo-American influence on contemporary French lexis : the role of domain, text type and register." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681227.
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This thesis explores the role of the variables of domain, text type and register on the use of various lexical categories which display some degree of Anglo-American influence. The influence of English on French has been strong in recent years and one consequence is the existence of a large number of loanwords in the current French lexis. This in turn has led to the establishment of measures designed to protect the French language from excessive word borrowing from English, and to promote the use of native lexical resources in a range of contexts. Such measures include two pieces of language legislation restricting loanword use, and the creation of a number of terminology Commissions whose purpose is to promote native terminology. The thesis therefore examines the use of loanwords, native terms designed to replace these items and other lexical categories displaying Anglo-American influence in a range of domains, text types and registers in French today, in order to identify the role of these variables and the influence they exert on the type of lexis employed. The corpus-based approach adopted in the study allows for both quantitative and qualitative analysis, in order to provide as detailed a study as possible and to address the research questions of the project. Analysis focuses on the proportions and types of lexical item found in the various domains and text types examined, while further discussion concerns linguistic information regarding Anglo-Americanisms, the lexical category of primary importance. While some variables are not found to exert much of an influence on the use of particular lexical categories, others are important in determining the type and proportional distribution of item found. I will argue that variables such as domain and text type influence the use of Anglo-Americanisms and other lexical categories in contemporary French.
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Рева, Наталія Сергіївна, Наталия Сергеевна Рева, Nataliia Serhiivna Reva, and А. Івашина. "Невербальний код як компонент етикетної лексики в американському лінгво-культурному суспільстві (на прикладі романів американської письменниці сторіччя Д. Стіл)." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/16928.
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Hoa, Nguyen, and n/a. "English and Vietnamese political news dicourse : a contrastive analysis in terms of stucture, lexis and syntax." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060725.100742.
Full textAbstract:
The present study is one of the first attempts undertaken to
study English and Vietnamese news discourse on a contrastive
basis. More specifically, it investigates the structure, the
lexical and syntactic features of English and Vietnamese
political news discourse.
It is hoped that the results of the study may help the Vietnamese
teacher and student to make better use of newspapers in the
process of English language teaching and learning. In addition, it
is hoped that the study may benefit the journalist, to some
extent, because it is generally assumed that if the knowledge of
news discourse structure, the linguistic features and the factors
involved are professionally known and shared, this will
facilitate news discourse production and comprehension.
The study reveals two different strategies used by English and
Vietnamese political news writers. English news writers
predominantly employ the IP structure pattern whereas
Vietnamese news writers employ BTN (Background-to-News).
Lexically, English newspapers use more lively, vigorous language,
metaphors, puns and hyperbole. In contrast, the occurrence of
serious, formal language is a very pronounced feature of
Vietnamese newspapers. This is the area where Vietnamese
students of English often have difficulty, as is indicated by the
survey. The greatest syntactic difference is sentence order,
namely, English news stories often use S + V + (O) + (A) while
their Vietnamese counterparts use A + S + V + (O) +. The other
difference is that English news paragraphs are mostly single
sentence paragraphs as disctinct from their multi-sentence
Vietnamese ones.
Chapter One is an introduction explaining the rationale, the
methods, and the data for analysis, of the present study.
Chapter Two is concerned with the theoretical background to the
study. It deals with such concepts as cohesion, coherence,
structure, relevance, text and discourse.
Chapter Three provides a contrastive overview of English and
Vietnamese newspapers, essentially in terms of ownership and
the approach to news.
Chapter Four examines the different structure patterns used by
English and Vietnamese reporters and journalists.
Chapter Five and Six study the different lexical and syntactic
features of English and Vietnamese political news discourse,
respectively.
In chapter Seven, a comparison of English and Vietnamese
political news discourse is given, which is based on the analyses
presented in chapters Four, Five and Six. In addition, it presents
the results of a survey of comprehension difficulty encountered
by Vietnamese students studying English now at the University
of Canberra, and looks at some discourse strategies involved in
news discourse production and comprehension.
The last chapter offers some implications for TEFL in Vietnam,
which are based on the author's own experience and results of a
survey. The author hopes that these implications may be of some
help to the practising teacher as well as the student.
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Booth, Paul. "The interplay between lexis and learning : a study of second language vocabulary profiles and learning style." Thesis, Kingston University, 2011. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20275/.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the relationship between second language vocabulary and learning in terms of productive vocabulary and learning style. Overall, second language learners tend to follow a predictable pattern when they acquire vocabulary. More common words are acquired before less frequent ones. However, individuals display idiosyncratic paths in lexical development. In this study learning style is examined in order to understand whether lexical developmental patterns can be associated with particular learning strengths and weaknesses. The central argument put forward in this thesis is that learning style can help to understand how L2 learners differ in their acquisition of lexis for productive use. Learners were tested for a pre-disposition towards memory or analysis in learning style and their vocabulary was measured via written texts for lexical rarity and the extent to which learners avoid repetition (diversity). The main findings show that at low proficiency memory correlates with lexical rarity, but at higher proficiency and greater analysis there is less variability of function words. Lexical diversity, which is influenced by sentence structure, is more stable with learners who are strong in language analysis. Over time, analytical learners tended to gain rarer words. Individual lexical trajectories over several points in time highlight the variability and stability of lexical profiles in relation to memory and analysis. Task topic influences lexical rarity whereas diversity is relatively independent. There was no direct relationship found between holistic quality ratings of texts and quantitative measures of lexical frequency or diversity; however, the results suggest an indirect relationship with language analysis. The discussion of the results brings to light the heterogeneous nature of L2 lexis and how this interacts with learning style. The results also lend support to a Dynamic Systems Theory of SLA (de Bot et al, 2007); in particular, how variability is a developmental phenomenon which helps us to understand how lexis is assembled in response to local task conditions in real time. The pedagogical implications of these findings are also discussed and recommendations are made to help learners notice and restructure their language.
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Nural, Sukru. "EAP teachers' cognitions and practices in teaching lexis in two Turkish private universities : an exploratory qualitative study." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28574.
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A large body of empirical research has suggested that lexis is a major concern for learners and teachers in the language classroom context. A wide recognition of the crucial role of lexis in language learning and teaching culminated in sets of principles proposed by some vocabulary researchers (Barcroft, 2002; Laufer, 2005a; Meara, 2005; Nation, 2005a; Sökmen, 1997; Zimmerman, 2008). However, it is important to acknowledge that teachers know more about the constraints and demands of their own contexts than decontextualised expert principles can allow for. In the present study, the underlying reasons why teachers teach lexis in the way they do are examined. Particularly, the main thrust of the study is to explore the relationship between two EAP teachers‘ cognitions and practices of lexis teaching in preparatory schools of two private universities in Turkey. The data generation instruments used in the study include classroom observations, field notes, stimulated recall, and semi-structured follow-up interviews. The findings of the study suggest that although the teachers have students with similar profiles and characteristics they seem to have different tendencies towards provision of lexical knowledge. Apart from the factors underpinning the difference in their tendencies, the relationship between teachers‘ cognitions and practices of lexis teaching were also identified with specific reference to the determinants that have a role to play in the correspondence between their beliefs and actual classroom behaviour. With its implications for teacher education and teacher cognition research, this case study also complements classroom-based research into form-focused instruction in general and lexis instruction in particular.
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Altemark, Mikael. "Lexis, Discourse Prosodies and the Taking of Stance : A Corpus Study of the Meaning of ‘Self-proclaimed’." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-9551.
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This study is concerned with the description of the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the attributive adjective self-proclaimed, employing corpus-linguistic methodology to explore its meaning from user-based data. The initial query provided the material from which a lexical pro-file of the target word was constructed, systematically describing collocational data, semantic preferences, semantic associations and discourse prosodies. Qualitative analysis of sample con-cordances illustrated the role of the target word in expressing different kinds of meaning-bearing stances. The results demonstrate the importance of context and communicative functionality as constraints determining meaning, determining the discourse prosodies of self-proclaimed as one of either negation; accepted-positive and accepted-negative. Further, the analysis of self-proclaimed as a stance marker indicates the linking evaluative meanings of extended lexical units to the project of linguistic description of intersubjective stancetaking as a possibly fruitful venue for research
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Андріяш, О. Г. "Функціональні відповідники сучасного англійського сленгу в українській мові." Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2019. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/75284.
Full textAbstract:
Мета: лінгво-семантичний та етимологічний аналіз поняття сленгу як однієї з підсистем сучасної англійської та української мов, виявлення специфіки його функціонування та дослідження словотворчих процесів в молодіжному соціумі на зразках літературних творів, текстів пісень, діалогів фільмів, яке проводилося на основі методів суцільного вибору, принципах цілісного та системного підходу до вивчення даного явища, опису (таких прийомів як спостереження, порівняння, співставлення, узагальнення, класифікація матеріалу, інтерпретація); словотворчого аналізу, що сприяв осмисленню формування структури сленгових одиниць; прийомів систематизації та лінгвістичної інтерпретації досліджуваного матеріалу.
Теоретичне значення роботи полягає в тому, що в ній здійснюється лінгвістично-когнітивний аналіз зразків сленгізмів сучасної англійської мови, їх поширеність у вживанні, способи утворення нових лексем та їх вплив на розвиток сучасної розмовної мови.
Наукова новизна роботи полягає у дослідженні способів утворення нового молодіжного мовного середовища, способів запозичень нових лексем сленгу, сфер їх використання та особливостях перекладу.
У ході аналізу теоретичного матеріалу по темі було виявлено факти, що сленг розуміється як мова поширеного розмовного типу, нижчого за рівень стандартної освіченої мови і складається або з нових слів, або з поточних слів, які використовуються в деякому особливому сенсі. Здебільшого, сленг зародився з субкультур людей певних занять та професійних груп.Цель: лингво-семантический и этимологический анализ понятия сленга как одной из подсистем современного английского и украинского языков, выявление специфики его функционирования и исследования словообразовательных процессов в молодежной социуме на образцах литературных произведений, текстов песен, диалогов фильмов, который проводился на основе методов сплошного выбора, принципах целостного и системного подхода к изучению данного явления, описания (таких приемов как наблюдение, сравнение, сопоставление, обобщение, классификация материала, интерпретация) словообразовательного анализа, способствовал осмыслению формирования структуры сленговых единиц; приемов систематизации и лингвистической интерпретации исследуемого материала. Теоретическое значение работы состоит в том, что в ней осуществляется лингвистически-когнитивный анализ образцов сленгизмов современного английского языка, их распространенность в употреблении, способы образования новых лексем и их влияние на развитие современной разговорной речи. Научная новизна работы заключается в исследовании способов образования новой молодежного языковой среды, способов заимствований новых лексем сленга, сфер их использования и особенностях перевода. В ходе анализа теоретического материала по теме были выявлены факты, что сленг понимается как язык распространенного разговорного типа, низкого уровня стандартной образованного языка и состоит либо из новых слов, или текущих слов, которые используются в некотором особом смысле. В основном, сленг зародился из субкультур людей определенных занятий и профессиональных групп.
Goal: A linguistic, semantic and etymological analysis of the concept of slang as one of the subsystems of modern English and Ukrainian languages, revealing the specifics of its functioning and the study of word-formation processes in the youth society on the samples of literary works, lyrics, dialogues of films, which were conducted on the basis of such methods as a systematic approach to the study of the phenomenon, description (such techniques as observation, comparison, generalization, classification of the material, interpretation); word-forming analysis that contributed to the understanding of the structure formation of different slang units; methods of systematization and linguistic interpretation of the studied material. The theoretical significance of the paper cosists in its performing linguistic and cognitive analysis of samples of slangisms of modern English, their prevalence in usage, ways of formation of new lexemes and their influence on the development of modern spoken language. The scientific novelty of the paper consist in studying the ways of formation of a new youth language environment, the ways of borrowing new slang words, the spheres of their use and the peculiarities of translation. The analysis of theoretical material on the topic revealed the fact that slang is understood as a language of common spoken type, below the level of standard language and consists of either new words or current words that are used in some special sense. As a fart, slang originated from subcultures of people in certain occupations and professional groups.
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Серебрянська, Ірина Миколаївна, Ирина Николаевна Серебрянская, Iryna Mykolaivna Serebrianska, and Ю. Латковська. "Роль безособових дієслів у структурі журналістського тексту." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/15292.
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Лазаренко, А. В. "Прагматична спрямованість власних імен у сучасному англомовному художньому дискурсі." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52117.
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Ономастика - наука (розділ мовознавства) про власні імена (ВІ) всіх типів, про історію їх виникнення і перетворення в результаті їх вживання в мові, про запозичення власних назв у інші мови, про закономірності їх розвитку та функціонування.
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Siu, Chun Yu. "Fund commentary : exploring its structure and use of evaluative lexis by fund managers of good- and bad-performing funds." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2010. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1218.
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Dickins, Thomas. "Selected aspects of language contact in the case of Czech, with a particular focus on lexical borrowing and changing attitudes to the self and others." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/249813.
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The work selected for this portfolio comprises two language-specific case studies (‘Russian and Soviet loanwords and calques in the Czech lexicon since the beginning of the twentieth century’ and ‘Češi a slovenština’ [The Czechs and the Slovak language]), two publications on the critical reception of foreign vocabulary in Czech (‘The legacy and limitations of Czech purism’ and Attitudes to lexical borrowing in the Czech Republic), and a detailed article on the implications of naming practices for perceptions of the self and others (‘The Czech-speaking lands, their peoples and contact communities: titles, names and ethnonyms’). Extensive use is made of original material, including two nationwide quantitative surveys conducted on my behalf by the Public Opinion Research Centre of the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (CVVM), and two small-scale questionnaires carried out for me by Dr Miroslav Růžička of the Czech University of Life Sciences (Prague), as well as a range of other empirical data, dictionaries, encyclopaedias, electronic corpora, and additional sources of lexical and historical information. My commentary employs a thematic approach, which aims both to acquaint the reader with the main findings of each of my publications, and to indicate the broad direction of my output. Supplementary information is provided in the commentary, where required, to contextualize and synthesize my arguments, to shed light on recent scholarship in cognate fields, and to ensure narrative continuity. The ‘new’ knowledge thus complements and frames the discussion of my selected publications, thereby helping to guide the reader through the exposition of my writings. The principal unifying themes of the chosen pieces are their emphasis on (1) the role of language in the national consciousness and self-perception, (2) the influence of external forces on the shaping of the Czech lexicon, and people’s reactions to those forces, (3) public perceptions of lexical borrowing, and (4) changing attitudes to the notion of ‘foreign’, as reflected in the national idiom. The commentary is divided into eight chapters, as listed in the Table of Contents. My study begins with a general introduction to my academic background, and to the content and themes of this thesis, as summarized above. Chapter 2 is based principally on my article ‘The legacy and limitations of Czech purism’, and provides a combination of historical setting and statistical analysis. The next chapter presents a résumé of the overall impact of foreign languages and cultures on the historical development of Czech, with the aim of contextualizing the findings of subsequent chapters. Chapter 4, which draws mainly on ‘Russian and Soviet loanwords and calques in the Czech lexicon since the beginning of the twentieth century’, reevaluates the impact of Russian and ‘Soviet speak’ on the Czech lexicon. In chapter 5, I consider in detail the asymmetrical nature of Czech–Slovak language relations, with reference to the views of over 1,400 informants interviewed for ‘Češi a slovenština’ and Attitudes to lexical borrowing in the Czech Republic. Chapter 6 compares the results of my survey for the latter publication, referred to as ‘Perceptions’, with a series of other questionnaires, including Tejnor’s groundbreaking 1970 study of foreign words. ‘The Czech-speaking lands, their peoples and contact communities: titles, names and ethnonyms’ provides the substance of much of chapter 7, which focuses on the Czechs’ tendency to see themselves in terms of opposition to outsiders, and on the depiction of ‘foreignness’ in the Czech lexicon. The commentary concludes with a summary of my principal observations relating to aspects of language contact and lexical borrowing in Czech, and to their implications for the self and others. Taken collectively, the eight chapters provide a framework for the discussion of my published work and for the thematic and conceptual links that validate their consideration as a corpus of cognate research activity.
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Olk, Harald Martin. "The translation of cultural references : an empirical investigation into the translation of culture-specific lexis by degree-level language students." Thesis, University of Kent, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392709.
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Liu, Jiawei. "A corpus-based investigation of the lexis of the postgraduate engineering textbooks with reference to the needs of Southeast Asian students." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4359/.
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This research is mainly concerned with establishing the vocabulary learning needs and goals of the Engineering students from Southeast Asia studying at British universities. The research was motivated by the needs to enhance the reading skills of these students. Subtechnical and technical vocabulary are the focus of this investigation. The research is based on data derived from a 536,051 word corpus of text from recommended Engineering textbooks. The relative frequency and range of lexis within the corpus was found to be a good criterion for identifying subtechnical and technical vocabulary. The students proved to have a better receptive knowledge of subtechnical than technical vocabulary. The research suggests that there is a need for collaborative work between ESP teachers and subject teachers to help the students with technical vocabulary. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. Chapter One is a review of literature to the research. It clarifies various definitions and concepts, describes the research approach, and provides a framework of the thesis. Chapter Two investigates my subjects overall vocabulary knowledge. Chapter Three introduces some preliminary data that contrasts the received opinions in ESP regarding technical and subtechnical vocabulary. For further investigation of these two types of vocabulary, Chapter Four describes the data on which empirical studies are based. Chapter Five analyses the data. Chapter Six presents the empirical studies and concludes that students receptive knowledge of subtechnical vocabulary is better than their technical vocabulary. Chapter Seven examines the reasons why technical vocabulary was problematic. Chapter Eight summarises the research findings and proposes pedagogical implications in the teaching of subtechnical and technical vocabulary to the specified group of learners. And Chapter Nine draws conclusions, discusses limitations of the research and makes recommendations for future research.
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Townsend, Rebecca Jane. "'Wir Sind die Juden von Heute!' : a linguistic study of lexis, metaphor and argumentation strategies in contemporary German far-right discourse." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423118.
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Karmela, Rakić. "Лексиколошки и лексикографски статус актуелних позајмљеница у српском језику." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. http://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101223&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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U radu se razmatra status aktuelnih pozajmljenica usrpskom jeziku iz perspektive leksikologije ileksikografije. Za potrebe ovog razmatranja prikupljen jekorpus od 1000 pozajmljenica ekscerpiranih izrelevantnih štampanih medija. Prvi dio rada, nakonosnovnih, uvodnih napomena o predmetu i ciljuistraživanja, bavi se teorijskim postavkama koje se ticupozajmljenica u leksikološkoj i leksikografskoj literaturi.U narednom segmentu rada objašnjava se metodologijaprimijenjena u radu, te se opisuju izvori za ekscerpcijuleksike. Zatim slijedi analiticki dio u kome se analiziraekscerpirana leksika na fonološkom, morfološkom,tvorbenom, leksikološkom, semantickom i pravopisnomnivou. Time se pokazuje adaptiranost pozajmljenica narazlicitim jezickim nivoima, i odnos savremene srpskeleksikografije prema ovom znacajnom segmentu aktuelneleksike srpskog jezika. Posebni dijelovi rada izdvojeni suza osvrt na problem višeclanih leksema, i zatim zastrukturu rjecnika. Razmatranje se završava zakljucnimnapomenama, u kojima se daje pregled cjelokupnog rada,i skrece se pažnja na otvorena pitanja. Najobimniji diorada je rjecnik aktuelnih pozajmljenica u srpskom jeziku.U ovom istraživanju se pokazalo da relevantnaleksikološka i leksikografska literatura, kao nileksikografska praksa ne obuhvataju u dovoljnoj mjerivrlo slojevit i kompleksan nanos strane leksike usavremenom srpskom jeziku.The thesis discusses the position of the currentloanwords in the Serbian language from the lexicologicaland lexicographical point of view. The corpus of 1,000loanwords excerpted from the relevant press has beencollected for this study. After some basic and introductorycomments on the subject and the goal of the research, thefirst part of the thesis deals with theoretical statementsconcerning loanwords in lexicological andlexicographical literature. The following segment of thestudy explains the methodology applied in practice anddescribes the sources of the excerpted lexis. The next isthe analytical part where the excerpted lexis is analysedon the levels of phonology, morphology, word formation,lexicology, semantics and ortography. It is used to showthe adaptibility of loanwords to different linguistic levelsand approach of the contemporary Serbian lexicographytowards this significant segment of the current lexis in theSerbian language. Some specific parts of the thesis havebeen selected as the review of the issue of compositelexemes, as well as the structure of the lexicon. The studyis ended with the concluding notes where the overview ofthe complete thesis is given and the attention is drawn tothe open questions. The most extensive part is the lexiconof the current loanwords in the Serbian language. Thisresearch has shown that relevant lexicological andlexicographical practice do not adequately comprise quitelayered and complex accumulation of foreign lexis in thecontemporary Serbian language.
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Benoit, Alcides Hector Rodriguez 1951. "Em busca da odisseia dialogica : a questão metodologica das temporalidades: reencontrando a materialidade de lexis: primeiro livro da tetralogia dramatica do pensar." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281343.
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Tese (Livre-docencia) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias HumanasMade available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Benoit_AlcidesHectorRodriguez_LD.pdf: 611062 bytes, checksum: bf1fc5a8db4591d5f7aadf800cde2043 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Conteudo: v.2. A odisseia dialogica de Platão: as aventuras e desventuras da dialetica socratica do Parmenides ao Cratilo, ou o percurso de Socrates de 450 a 399: livro segundo da tetralogia dramatica do pensar - v.3. A odisseia dialogica de Platão: do novo Edipo ao saber da morte do Sofista ao Fedon, ou o surgimento do estrangeiro de Eleia e a morte de Socrates no ano 399: terceiro livro da tetralogia dramatica do pensar - v.4. A odisseia dialogica de Platão: do retorno de Dioniso a physis originaria do mais longo silencio as Leis, ou o retorno dos Dialogos entre 356 a 347, ano da morte de Platão: livro quarto da tetralogia dramatica do pensar
Resumo: Não informado.
Abstract: Not informed.
Tese (livre-docencia) - Univer
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Šližytė, Snieguolė. "J. Basanavičiaus "Juodosios knygos" prietarų (tikėjimų) leksikos savitumas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_164620-40408.
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Šio darbo tema – J. Basanavičiaus ,,Juodosios knygos“ prietarų (tikėjimų) leksikos savitumas. Ši tema yra nauja leksikos savitumo atskleidimo būdu – prietarų (tikėjimų) leksikos suprantamumo tyrimu, atliktu mokyklose. Tokio tyrimo iki šiol nebuvo, tad nebuvo galimybės remtis ankstesniais darbais ar kritine literatūra, todėl kad visas darbas buvo orientuotas gautų duomenų analize.
Šio darbo tikslas yra ištirti, ar dabartiniai moksleiviai suvokia ,,Juodosios knygos“ tikėjimų (prietarų) leksikos savitumą, minties gilumą, išsiaiškinti, kaip reikėtų parengti moksleiviams skirtus tokio pobūdžio tekstus, kad jie duotų kaip galima daugiau naudos perteikiant lietuvių tautos pasaulėjautą ir pasaulėvaizdį, kalbos savitumą. Siekiant išsiaiškinti, ar moksleivių amžius turi lemiamos įtakos suvokiant prietarus, buvo tiriami skirtingo amžiaus, t. y. 6–8 kl. ir 9–12 kl., moksleiviai. Daroma prielaida, kad glaudesnius ryšius su kaimo aplinka turintys moksleiviai geriau suvokia liaudies vartotą leksiką ir prietaruose aptariamas realijas, todėl tyrimui pasirinkti moksleiviai iš Anykščių miesto ir Vilniaus miesto, kur, kaip žinia, moksleiviai dažniausiai neturi jokios tarmės, mažiau yra susiję su kaimo aplinka.
Tyrimui naudojami metodai – anketavimas ir duomenų analizė. Iš viso tirti 27 skirtingi atsitiktinai išrinkti ,,Juodosios knygos“ prietarai (tikėjimai). Į kiekvieną anketą įeina po 3 prietarus. Buvo apklausta 112 Vilniaus Pilaitės vidurinės mokyklos moksleivių (53 žemesniųjų klasių (6-8) ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The topic of this work is the peculiarities of prejudice lexis in Basanavicius Black Book. This topic is new by its revelation of lexis peculiarities – the research of prejudice lexis understanding that was carried out at schools. The object of the work is lexis of the end of 19th centuries and the beginning of the 20th century, i.e. 27 ancient prejudices that were chosen randomly from Black Book. The aim of this work is to research whether pupils understand the peculiarities of prejudice lexis of Black Book, the depth of thoughts and to find out how such texts should be prepared for pupils that they would most intelligibly reveal emotional attitude and world-view of the Lithuanian nation and peculiarities of the language. Methods that were used for the research are questionnaire and data analysis. Questionnaire method was performed in Anyksciai A. Baranauskas secondary school and Vilnius Pilaite secondary school among pupils of lower (6-8) and higher (9-12) grades.
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Scopim, Débora. "Estudo de padrões lexicais em textos opinativos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5733.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-22In a daily basis, people face judgments or ideas regarding certain issues in different means of communication, such as, news editorials, magazines, forum threads, e-mails, blogs, etc. In this context, these opinions begin to strongly influence people s decisions and can often be useful to find out what people think about a particular topic. Then, how to keep track of the mass opinions on the web? Without a thorough assessment of the clues presented in a text this task becomes impossible. Given the importance of these opinions in the generation of ideas, feelings and even impressions, this paper work focuses on the study of lexical patterns in opinion texts, based on the theories presented by Wiebe e Mihalcea (2006), Kim and Hovy (2006), Wilson et al (2005), among others. The corpus used in this study and the method that identifies expressions that denote evaluation have been taken from Folha de São Paulo, a newspaper database. After the delimitation of the expressions and the use of computational tools, two evaluative glossaries have been defined, a positive and a negative one. Thus, this study aims at contributing with the identification of opinions in other texts/contexts and at providing a basis for future work in the field of sentiment analysis.
Diariamente, deparamo-nos com julgamentos ou ideias a respeito de determinado assunto em diversos meios de comunicação, sejam em editoriais de notícias, revistas, bem como em fóruns de mensagens, e-mails, blogs, etc. Neste contexto, as opiniões passam a exercer forte influência sobre a tomada de decisões das pessoas e podem, muitas vezes, ser uma base útil para descobrir o que as pessoas pensam sobre um tópico particular. Como monitorar, então, as opiniões em massa na web? Sem um estudo aprofundado das pistas de avaliação no texto isto não é possível. Diante da relevância que as opiniões têm na geração de ideias, sentimentos e até mesmo impressões, este trabalho pretende fazer um estudo de padrões lexicais em textos opinativos, encontrando suporte teórico nas noções apresentadas por Wiebe e Mihalcea (2006), Kim e Hovy (2006), Wilson et al (2005) entre outros. A partir do banco de dados disponibilizado pelo jornal Folha de São Paulo, constituir-se-á um corpus de trabalho e um método que identifique expressões que denotam avaliação. Após delimitação das expressões e do uso de ferramentas computacionais, serão estabelecidos dois léxicos avaliativos, um positivo e outro negativo. Espera-se contribuir, assim, para a identificação de possíveis opiniões em outros textos/contextos e dar base para futuros trabalhos na área de Análise de Sentimentos.
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Stacey, Marie-Noelle. "The same destination but different journeys : a comparative study between young gifted linguists and bilinguals which explores the learning, storage and retrieval of lexis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10021660/.
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Studies in Foreign Language (FL) lexical acquisition have become more specialized since the development of Applied Linguistics. This study is multi-facetted and aims to investigate and analyse French vocabulary acquisition by two groups of successful young learners: gifted Language Two (L2) learners and young English/French ‘choice’ bilinguals in comparison with a group of L2 learners. The term choice bilingual is used to refer to a specific type of bilingual which is an under-researched group. The research identifies the similarities and differences between the groups in the storage of and access to L2 lexis and in their working memory. It determines what strategies for learning they employ and compares learners’ attitudes and beliefs about language learning with their parents’ perceived attitudes towards their children’s learning of French. The study investigates patterns for successful learning of lexis which may help to improve pedagogical practices for assisting vocabulary acquisition. The research data involve aptitude, vocabulary and working memory tests, and a questionnaire. The reason for the adoption of this multi-set data examination method is to present a coherent and comprehensive analysis of the issue being studied. The thesis contributes to the field of second and foreign language lexical acquisition and presents relevant empirical data. The results of the study add positive evidence to research related to the importance of strategy training and the development of working memory for L2 learners. There is also evidence to suggest the possibility of using specifically designed vocabulary network tests to assist in judging vocabulary and linguistic development. This study is set in the context of an attempt by the government to make a second language a compulsory subject at primary level in UK state schools originally in 2010 and now in 2014. It looks at French as the L2 for British school children in the independent sector and English/French choice bilinguals all aged 10-13.
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Brook, Matt. "Authorial choice and verbal aspect in the NT an investigation using Corpus Linguistics to identify patterns of aspectual usage linked with lexis, syntax and context /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.
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Stone, Gerald Leslie. "An ethnographic and socio-semantic analysis of lexis among working-class Afrikaans-speaking coloured adolescent and young adult males in the Cape Peninsula, 1963-1990." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13547.
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Bibliography: p. 558-580.The study is an investigation into the distinctive, predominantly Afrikaans lexis of adolescent and young adult working-class coloured males in the Cape Peninsula, acquired in social anthropological, psychosocial and sociolinguistic research between 1963 and 1991 (the period of lexical usage is limited to the preceding year). Issues raised by the investigative method, ethnographic participant observation, in regard to subjective data, are also explored. The lexis reflects a lexicogrammatical code of a regional dialect used by all generations in their speech community. Youths construed by speakers as enacting respectability use the lexis of parents or switch to varying degrees into middle-class ("standard") Afrikaans or English. The distinctive lexis of working-class adolescent and young adult male age-sets is thus confined to those construed by speakers as enacting disreputability, delinquency or both. In folk myth and lexicogrammatical code, working-class speakers distinguish four working-class communal identities and corresponding lexicons within the working-class dialect: the respectable, disreputable, delinquent and outcast, constituting a religio-political hierarchy construed in terms of cosmically and socially ordained intracommunal stratification, social status, peer-group association and valence and development of identity. For reasons of space· this study is confined to the disreputable lexicon, which, together with the delinquent lexicon, is termed ou roeker tale (old smoker terms), created and maintained by adolescents and young adults only, although both are used to a lesser extent by many older speakers. The data are organized broadly in terms of communal identity and lexicogrammatical code, and are presented in three parts. The first is an ethnography of folk constructions of communication, language, dialects, communal identities and lexicogrammatical codes, drawing on an exegesis of the socio-semantics of lexis. The second is an ethnography of the communal identities, communal lexicons and their lexicogrammatical codes themselves between 1963 and 1990, focussing on ·working-class male disreputability. The third part is a semantic, grammatical and etymological lexicon of disreputable lexis in ou roeker tale, numbering 2,211 items. Halliday's (1976) formulations of antilanguage are applied to the data and criticized. The major instances of overlexicalization are presented and interpreted. The study concludes that the concept of antilanguage is heuristically valuable but simplistic, one-sided and limited insofar as it pertains to dialect. Its fundamental codal rule of static antagonism is reformulated in terms of ambivalence, creativity and development in communal identity. Issues of methodology, theory and further research are raised in summary.
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Aidoudi, Wejdene. "Figures féminines dans l’œuvre de Zola : des romans aux films : lecture sémiologique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0275/document.
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Cette thèse de doctorat s’articule autour de trois axes. Elle a trait d’abord à la configuration de la sexualité féminine dans l’œuvre des Rougon-Macquart et dans son adaptation cinématographique. La recherche est ainsi centrée sur la représentation du corps féminin et de sa métamorphose dans l’œuvre romanesque zolienne ainsi que dans l’œuvre filmique correspondante. Quant au deuxième axe de recherche, il se rapporte à l’étude des photogrammes, des lexies au niveau de l’incipit et de l’excipit des romans zoliens et à partir de l’ouverture et du dénouement des adaptations qui en ont été faites. Les divergences entre les romans et leur mise en scène interrogent par ailleurs la question de la fidélité du cinéma à la littérature dont il s’inspire, qui reste jusqu’au jour d’aujourd’hui une question assez problématique. Une analyse des seuils filmiques et romanesques a été jugée ainsi fort utiles. Ces seuils s’avèrent un espace où le sens de la créativité et le don artistique du concepteur de l’œuvre filmique ou romanesque voient le jour. Au terme de notre recherche, nous avons constaté que la femme zolienne évolue dans un milieu où interfèrent le réel, l’imaginaire et le symbolique. Et c’est à à travers son rapport avec les lieux et les objets que cette femme accède au rang de figure. La métaphore animalière constitue ainsi l’essence même de la figuralité zolienne qui met en relief ces corps féminins et les dotent d’une présence mythologique. Finalement le naturalisme zolien est-il d’une veine expressionnisteThis doctoral thesis is structered around three axes. It deals with the configuration Of the female sexuality in the work of Rougon-Maquart and it its film adaptation. The research is centered on the representation of the female body and its metamorphosis in Zola’s novel works as well as in the corresponding film works. As for the second axis of research, it relates to the study of photograms in the incipit and excipit of Zola’s novels and from the opening and settlements that have been made. The divergences between the novels and their staging also question the question of the film’s fidelity to the literature on which it is based , which remains a rather problematic issue until today. An analysis of filmic and novel thresholds was found to be very useful. These thresholds turn out to be a space where the creativitity and artistic gift of the designer of the filmic or romantic work are born . At the end of our research, we have noticed that Zola’s female evolves in a background where the real , imaginary and symbolic interfere. And it is through her contact with the settings and objects that she reaches the rank of a figure. The animal metaphor thus constitutes the very essence of Zola’s figurality which hilghlights these female bodies and endows them with a mythological presence. Finally is Zolian naturalism an expressionist vein ?
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Braulio, Marisa. "Léxico e cultura : um estudo de nomes de pratos oferecidos em restaurantes de Gramado (RS)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2006. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/181.
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Este é um estudo sobre a relação existente entre léxico e cultura. A análise é realizada a partir dos nomes dos pratos de cardápios de 4 restaurantes de Gramado (RS) que têm suas práticas voltadas para o turismo. Concebemos cultura como um sistema de práticas e buscamos através do léxico detectar essas práticas e constatar a sua relação com o mercado turístico da região. Verificamos que os itens lexicais eleitos para compor os cardápios estão diretamente relacionados com a cultura local e a escolha dos mesmos é regida pelo mercado turístico instaurado. O léxico empregado na gastronomia de Gramado define, no plano do fazer prático, uma região.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T19:24:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Marisa Braulio.pdf: 604741 bytes, checksum: ecd1bf89011c88026a88b4a915f98ec5 (MD5)
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This is a study on the existing relation between lexis and culture. The names of dishes found in 4 menus of restaurants in Gramado (RS) which have their practices aimed at tourism are analysed. We take culture as a system of practices and we seek, through the lexis, to detect these practices and verify its relation with the regional tourist market. We verify that the lexical items chosen to compose the menus are directly related to the local culture and their choice is ruled by the regional tourist market.
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Безугла, В. В. "Денотативне versus конотативне значення англіцизмів в німецькому публіцистичному дискурсі." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52102.
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Англіцизм – різновид запозичення; слово, його окреме значення, вислів тощо, який запозичений з англійської мови або перекладений з неї чи утворений за її зразком. Англіцизм – це не просто термін, це –цілий розділ мовознавства, який згодом може претендувати на звання окремої дисципліни, а на зараз, являється чи не найпопулярнішим та найвживанішим елементом німецького публіцистичного дискурсу.
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Серебрянська, Ірина Миколаївна, Ирина Николаевна Серебрянская, Iryna Mykolaivna Serebrianska, and М. Дороватовська. "Функціонування освітної лексики в текстах українських періодичних видань." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2016. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/49265.
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Стаття присвячена проблемі функціонування української лексики сфери вищої освіти в сучасних періодичних виданнях. Робиться спроба класифікувати її тематичні групи та визначити стилістичні особливості.The article deals with the problem of functioning of higher education vocabulary in contemporary Ukrainian periodicals. The author classifies thematic groups and identifies their stylistic peculiarities.
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Вольвач, В. А. "Пейоративна лексика як елемент самопрезентації політика (на основі політичного дискурсу США)." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/52103.
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Сучасне суспільство стає більш динамічним, а політична комунікація в ньому набуває все більшого значення. Усезростаюча роль політики й політиків у світі, перебування їх у центрі уваги засобів масової інформації, співпраця політичних структур і мас-медіа, активізація виборчого процесу, а також загострення конкурентної боротьби між політиками та політичними силами призвело до необхідності ефективного впливу на суспільну свідомість.Современное общество становится более динамичным, а политическая коммуникация в нем приобретает все большее значение. Всевозрастающая роль политики и политиков в мире, пребывания в центре внимания средств массовой информации, сотрудничество политических структур и СМИ, активизация избирательного процесса, а также обострение конкурентной борьбы между политиками и политическими силами привело к необходимости эффективного воздействия на общественное сознание.
Modern society is becoming more dynamic, and political communication in it is becoming increasingly important. The ever-increasing role of politics and politicians in the world, the media focus, the cooperation of political structures and the media, the activation of the electoral process, and the growing competition between politicians and political forces led to the need for effective influence on public consciousness.