Journal articles: 'Leximancer'

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Engstrom, Teyl, Jenny Strong, Clair Sullivan, and Jason D. Pole. "A Comparison of Leximancer Semi-automated Content Analysis to Manual Content Analysis: A Healthcare Exemplar Using Emotive Transcripts of COVID-19 Hospital Staff Interactive Webcasts." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 21 (January 2022): 160940692211189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221118993.

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Effective consumer centred healthcare incorporates consumer and clinician perspectives into decision making, in addition to traditional quantitative measures. This information is usually captured in qualitative data that requires manual analysis. Healthcare systems often lack resources to systematically incorporate qualitative feedback into decision making. Semi-automated content analysis tools, such as Leximancer, provide an efficient and objective alternative to time consuming manual content analysis (MCA). Literature on the validity of Leximancer in healthcare is sparse. This study seeks to validate Leximancer against MCA on a broad emotive conversational dataset gathered in a healthcare setting. At the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a large Australian hospital and health service conducted interactive webcasts with staff to provide updates and answer questions. A manual thematic analysis and a Leximancer content analysis were conducted independently on 20 webcast transcripts. The findings were compared, along with the time required to the complete each analysis. The Leximancer analysis identified nine concepts, while the manual analysis identified 12 concepts. The Leximancer concepts mapped to five of the concepts identified in the manual analysis, which accounted for 74% of mentions tagged in the text through the manual analysis. Leximancer missed concepts which required an emotional or contextual interpretation. The Leximancer analysis took 21 hours (excluding time to learn the program), compared to 73 hours for the manual analysis. Semi-automated content analysis provides an efficient alternative to manual qualitative data analysis, shifting it from a small-scale research activity to a more routine operational activity, albeit with some limitations. This is critical to be able to utilise at scale the rich narratives from consumers and clinicians in healthcare decision making.

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Catahan, Nicholas, and Helen Woodruffe-Burton. "The view, brew and loo: perceptions of botanic gardens?" Journal of Place Management and Development 12, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 20–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-12-2017-0127.

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PurposeThis is an exploratory and qualitative study to consider approaches to capture, analyse and monitor perceptions from big data, to inform and contribute to place management research and practice of botanic gardens (BGs). This paper aims to address the ongoing significant threat to BGs due to funding being cut and the need to inform and develop sustainable revenue streams for their survival.Design/methodology/approachGuiding research questions for this study were: ‘What are the perceived strengths and areas for development for 2 BGs via a Leximancer Automatic Content Analysis (ACA) of TripAdvisor online reviews; and do they match BGs purpose of scientific research, conservation, display and education?’ A content analysis of 582 online reviews from 2007 to 2017 follows qualitative methodology techniques using a combination of manual and automatic text analysis (Leximancer text mining software). These approaches enabled a comparison of online TripAdvisor reviews with Likert-type or rating scale items of 1 to 5 stars.FindingsInsights revealed the use of Leximancer and TripAdvisor (or similar innovations) as tools for potential place management, place marketing communications and monitoring purposes. Predominant perceptions extracted from reviews are not concerned with documented collections of living plants for the purposes of scientific discovery, conservation, display and education. Reviews clearly focus more upon aesthetics, facilities and services, which support previous studies. Overall, reviews highlighted positive sentiments towards the BGs.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations link to limited data across two BGs, synthesis and meaning of complex perceptions, matters of subjectivity and time needed to interpret information. Implications enable insights into BG “place” gleaned from big data in the form of user-generated content and electronic Word-Of-Mouth using Leximancer; viewed as a measure alongside management action plans. Future studies could strengthen debate and action regarding the use of Leximancer, and also public perception of BGs’ core functions, importance and value. The research supports potential to monitor and transform perceptions, values and beliefs. Outcomes could eventually inform policy and generate a much-needed shift in funds and resources for BGs by highlighting their relevance and value to society.Originality/valueAn empirical and methodological contribution via peer reviewed studies of visitor perceptions via online reviews of Britain’s BGs “place” and “space” analysed with Leximancer have never been published. This study critically explores potential visitor and place management needs of BGs. Managers can make better use of big data from social media platforms/digital channels, using a novel type of data analytical software like Leximancer for strategic planning; with more informed approaches to place management, innovation and development. A key contribution of this study is this ACA methodological approach for place management.

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Biroscak, Brian J., Jenny E. Scott, James H. Lindenberger, and Carol A. Bryant. "Leximancer Software as a Research Tool for Social Marketers." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 3 (April 4, 2017): 223–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417700826.

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The amount of human effort required to do content analysis research “by hand” is often time-consuming, and unreliability is a common concern. Our aim was to conduct a content analysis that traces the history of Social Marketing Quarterly ( SMQ) articles by using Leximancer (version 4.5)—a software tool designed for analyzing natural-language text data. We adhered to Krippendorff’s network of steps to address two research questions: (1) “What are the prevailing conceptualizations of the application of social marketing?” and (2) “How have those conceptualizations changed over time?” We identified all SMQ volumes/issues published between May 1994 (inaugural issue) and September 2015. Our sampling units consisted of all SMQ “Application” articles published during that time ( n = 162). Leximancer output includes a conceptual map representing the main concepts within the text and how they are related (themes). Based on conceptual and relational analyses, one would surmise that social marketing applications (e.g., campaigns) predominantly address health-related problems through behavioral influence strategies, informed by audience research and designed to include the elements of the marketing mix (e.g., messaging). The predominant health topic addressed by social marketing applications has been tobacco use and smoking. Leximancer has a number of desirable features including an ability to quickly handle large amounts of text in various formats and languages. However, those features are no substitute for a content analysis design that makes the research reproducible and available for critical examination—a shortcoming of previous content analyses of the social marketing field.

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Thavamani, Ms C., and Dr A. Rengarajan. "Mining Conceptual Relations from Textual Web Content Using Leximancer." IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering 16, no. 5 (2014): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0661-16552427.

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Guzman-Parra, Vanesa F., Juan Trespalacios Gutierrez, and José Roberto Vila-Oblitas. "Mapping the concepts evoked by a destination: an approach to the study of a holistic destination image." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology 12, no. 2 (June 10, 2021): 324–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-07-2018-0058.

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Purpose This study aims to demonstrate the application of computer-aided text analysis (CATA) software in identifying primary associations and impressions of a specified tourist destination. Design/methodology/approach The Leximancer software is applied on primary information to analyze the concepts evoked by a destination. Because no specific planning has been done for destination image marketing strategies for rural tourism in Andalusia, this study visualizes and determines clusters of the main attributes associated with this destination. Findings The analysis identifies the main clusters among associations and impressions of the destination that can be useful in developing strategies. Research limitations/implications Only a target segment is studied, with a relatively small sample size. Practical implications Leximancer can not only be applied to online user-generated content, but primary information can also be mapped to generate a holistic destination image. Furthermore, identification of the relevant attributes and impressions can serve to identify unique assets to help tourism organizations develop a destination. Social implications Several implications concerning destination marketing are outlined. Originality/value Although previous studies have applied Leximancer and other CATA software, the present research uses a new approach. Deriving the primary information on destination image using an unstructured methodology, the concepts evoked by a destination are mapped. Because there is a lack of research on rural tourism in Andalusia and its destination image, its associated attributes are studied.

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Tetzlaff, Emily, Ann Pegoraro, Tammy Eger, Sandra Dorman, and Vic Pakalnis. "Thematic Analysis of Key Recommendations from Commissioned Occupational Health and Safety Reports in Mining." Diversity of Research in Health Journal 1 (June 21, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.28984/drhj.v1i0.65.

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The objective of the study was to address the recommendations from 10 commissioned occupational health and safety (OHS) reports from the mining industry internationally, spanning the past 50 years. The investigation involved a two-step thematic analysis using Leximancer, a text mining software, to identify the key themes and concepts present in the recommendations. First, Leximancer was utilized to analyze the manifest content of each report through conceptual and relational analysis to produce concept maps. The Leximancer mapping subsystem works in two stages, characterized as semantic extraction of dominant themes, followed by relational extraction [1]. Next, a seeded analysis of the term safety culture was conducted to determine how the concept of safety culture overlaps or diverges from the discussion and recommendations present in the documents [2]. It is evident from the initial analysis that although safety culture was discussed briefly in a few of the documents, it was not a consideration in the formation of the recommendations. Therefore, as results indicate, if the recommendations continue to focus on engineering more solutions for past errors, instead of focusing on the organizations safety culture, they will fail to prevent accidents and fatalities of the future. Applying the findings of this research to OHS in mining, and other industries, such as health care, construction and aviation, has the potential to provide a greater contribution to the prevention of occupational accidents and risk reduction.

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Thomas, David A. "Searching for Significance in Unstructured Data: Text Mining with Leximancer." European Educational Research Journal 13, no. 2 (January 2014): 235–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/eerj.2014.13.2.235.

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Kivunja, Charles. "Qualitative Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery Using Leximancer Digital Software." Lecture Notes on Information Theory 1, no. 1 (2013): 53–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12720/lnit.1.1.53-55.

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Aiello, Michael F. "Influential Women? Policing Styles in Online Recruitment Materials." Police Quarterly 23, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098611119870263.

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This article tests the temporal relationship between the representation of females in policing and organizational change toward community-oriented policing. This mixed methods study involves secondary data analysis of the 2013 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics survey, open-source data collection of online recruitment materials for 493 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics agencies, quantitative content analysis of a random sample of 131 departments, and Leximancer semantic mapping of the 493 departments’ materials. The two forms of content analysis focus on the particular emphases of “legalistic,” “watchman,” and “service” styles. The quantitative content analysis results largely support the temporal model, with the percent female sworn in a given department in 2013 significantly predicting whether that department’s 2018 recruitment materials focus on service or community-oriented policing content. The Leximancer semantic mapping results provide a more ambiguous picture, including legalistic through-line language around police work.

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Grech, Michelle R., Tim Horberry, and Andrew Smith. "Human Error in Maritime Operations: Analyses of Accident Reports Using the Leximancer Tool." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 19 (September 2002): 1718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601906.

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This paper focuses on the problem of lack of Situation Awareness (SA) by mariners. An analysis of a large number of accident reports was conducted in order to determine the extent to which SA is a relevant issue in merchant shipping operations. For the first time use was made of the Leximancer tool due to its ability to rapidly analyse large amounts of textual information. One major function of this research was to examine the accuracy and usefulness of such a data analysis tool by comparing the results of this computer analysis with that of a ‘manual’ analysis (performed by two raters). Our results underline the importance of SA in decision-making processes in the maritime domain: a large number of investigated maritime accidents were partly due to loss of SA. Also, the results of the Leximancer tool were found to be comparable to the manual analysis, thus suggesting further use of such a system for accident report analysis in other transportation domains.

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Robson, Karen, Mana Farshid, John Bredican, and Stephen Humphrey. "Making Sense of Online Consumer Reviews: A Methodology." International Journal of Market Research 55, no. 4 (July 2013): 521–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/ijmr-2013-046.

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Online consumer reviews have become an increasingly important source of information for both consumers (i.e. about whether to buy) and marketers (i.e. about product strengths and weaknesses). However, online consumer reviews are unstructured and unsystematic in nature, making interpretation of these reviews an enormous challenge. The current paper sheds light on a particular methodology that can be used to investigate what consumers say about companies, brands or products. Consumer reviews of the four best-selling games available on Apple's App Store were compiled. Leximancer, a content analysis package, was used to compare comments from users who provided games with a five-star rating versus a one-star rating. Results from the Leximancer analysis reveal the most common themes and concepts that consumers use to describe their experience with these games. Specifically, five-star reviewers describe games as fun, awesome, amazing and addictive; one-star reviewers describe games as boring, easy and stupid. Additionally, negative reviews include themes regarding the presence of ads, technological difficulties and value. Future research should explore how consumers and marketers use this information.

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Gkevrou, Maria, and Dimitrios Stamovlasis. "Illustration of a Software-Aided Content Analysis Methodology Applied to Educational Research." Education Sciences 12, no. 5 (May 7, 2022): 328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12050328.

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This paper presents a software-aided methodology for content analysis by implementing the Leximancer software package, which can convert plain texts into conceptual networks that show how the prevalent concepts are linked with each other. The generated concept maps are associative networks of meaning related to the topics elaborated in the analyzed documents and reflect the creators’ core mental representations. The applicability of Leximancer is demonstrated in an education research context, probing university students’ epistemological beliefs, where a qualitative semantic analysis could be applied by inspecting and interpreting the portrayed relationships among concepts. In addition, concept-map-generating matrices, ensuing from the previous step, are introduced to another specialized software, Gephi, and further network analysis is performed using quantitative measures of centrality, such as degree, betweenness and closeness. Besides illustrating the method of this semantic analysis of textual data and deliberating the advances of digital innovations, the paper discusses theoretical issues underpinning the network analysis, which are related to the complexity theory framework, while building bridges between qualitative and quantitative traditional approaches in educational research.

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Reyneke, M. "In the lap of luxury: Consumer conversation concerning online advertisements of luxury brands." South African Journal of Business Management 42, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v42i2.492.

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While branding is an area that is extensively studied in the marketing literature, there is a noticeable lack of attention to the study of luxury brands, and even more so from an online perspective. In this exploratory study, we make use of the content analysis software Leximancer to comprehend the consumer feedback around conversations about luxury brand ads posted online.We study consumer comments posted on YouTube around three different luxury brands and analyse these comment in order to find meaning among the large volume of consumer discussion. We attempt to shed some light on how these conversations can be tracked and interpreted in order to gain valuable insight into the consume's role in advertising through discussing the ads for well known luxury brands that were chosen for this study and the subsequent reactions to them. We go on to discuss the Leximancer tool that can be used for deciphering and interpreting the consumer conversations surrounding these ads and the results of the analysis. We conclude by acknowledging the limitations of this methodology, identifying implications for managers, and suggesting avenues for future research.

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Smith, Andrew E., and Michael S. Humphreys. "Evaluation of unsupervised semantic mapping of natural language with Leximancer concept mapping." Behavior Research Methods 38, no. 2 (May 2006): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/bf03192778.

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Cretchley, Julia, Cindy Gallois, Helen Chenery, and Andrew Smith. "Conversations Between Carers and People With Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Analysis Using Leximancer." Qualitative Health Research 20, no. 12 (July 30, 2010): 1611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049732310378297.

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Martin, Nigel J., and John L. Rice. "Profiling Enterprise Risks in Large Computer Companies Using the Leximancer Software Tool." Risk Management 9, no. 3 (June 25, 2007): 188–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rm.8250030.

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Sotiriadou, Popi, Jessie Brouwers, and Tuan-Anh Le. "Choosing a qualitative data analysis tool: a comparison of NVivo and Leximancer." Annals of Leisure Research 17, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 218–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11745398.2014.902292.

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Campbell, Alexander, Julia Carins, Sharyn Rundle-Thiele, Sameer Deshpande, and Bradley Baker. "Motivators of Indiscriminate and Unsafe Supplement Use among Young Australians." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 19 (September 22, 2021): 9974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18199974.

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Background: There is growing concern about the self-administration of supplements, which can often be indiscriminate, counterproductive to health, and serve as a gateway to more harmful drugs and substances. Research suggests that high uptake of performance- and image-enhancing drugs (PIEDs) is correlated with body image to accentuate masculinity. This study provides insights into limiting unhealthy supplement usage. This research identifies reasons for casual unhealthy supplement use among young adult Australians through the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) lens, providing practitioners with insights into developing interventions to deter their use. Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with ten participants aged between 18 and 40, using a convenience sample. Leximancer analysis was used to assess word co-occurrence and map to TPB constructs. Results: Leximancer identified positive attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral control towards supplement usage. Key themes that influenced supplement use were weight loss, body image, nutrition, training, education, challenges, need, and time. Furthermore, using TPB constructs, affective and instrumental attitudes and prevailing norms were observed when investigating what would cause an individual to use supplements in an unhealthy manner. Conclusion: Through understanding the motivations of indiscriminate supplement use across the Australian population, the study has uncovered several social factors that may reduce or limit the practice of unsafe supplement usage.

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Khan, Surender, Sudhir Rana, and Anuj Goel. "Presence of digital sources in international marketing: a review of literature using Leximancer." International Journal of Technology Marketing 16, no. 3 (2022): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtmkt.2022.123866.

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Rana, Sudhir, Surender Khan, and Anuj Goel. "Presence of digital sources in international marketing: a review of literature using Leximancer." International Journal of Technology Marketing 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijtmkt.2021.10043071.

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Byun, Hyun, Weisheng Chiu, and Doyeon Won. "The Voice from Users of Running Applications: An Analysis of Online Reviews Using Leximancer." Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research 18, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jtaer18010010.

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This study aimed to examine users’ experiences of using running applications. A total of 20,243 online reviews posted by running-application users were collected from the Google Play Store. The data were analyzed using Leximancer to conduct the qualitative content analysis. The software identified six themes of running-app users’ experiences: “app”, “use”, “track”, “free”, “ads”, and “support”. Moreover, the results showed that users were generally positive toward the usefulness of running applications’ functions. The findings of this study help designers better understand running-application users’ experience and improve running applications’ features in order to optimize users’ exercise experience.

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Arasli, Huseyin, Trude Furunes, Kaveh Jafari, Mehmet Bahri Saydam, and Zehra Degirmencioglu. "Hearing the Voices of Wingless Angels: A Critical Content Analysis of Nurses’ COVID-19 Experiences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 8484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228484.

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The world has been affected by an outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Health care workers are among those most at risk of contracting the virus. In the fight against the coronavirus, nurses play a critical role. Still, most social media platforms demonstrate that nurses fear that their health is not being prioritized. The purpose of this study is to investigate nurses’ experiences through analyzing the main themes shared on Instagram by nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In contrast with highly structured research, the current paper highlights nurses’ natural language use in describing their experiences during the first months of the outbreak in their workplace. Instagram captions were utilized as a data source. Leximancer was utilized for the content analysis of nurses’ narratives towards their coronavirus experience. We sought to accomplish three research objectives: the first was to identify the main themes in the descriptions of nurses’ experiences shared via their social media, specifically Instagram; then, to determine the relationships among concepts, and finally, to give useful implications based on the findings. The current study uses a qualitative (i.e., narratives) approach to analyze the main components of the nurses’ experiences during the pandemic. The Leximancer software analysis revealed nine major textual themes and the relationships among these themes. In order of the relative importance, the themes were “patients”, “coronavirus”, “exhaustion”, “family”, “hospital”, “personal protective equipment” (PPE), “shift”, “fear”, and “uncertainty”. The results offer practical implications based on the social media information regarding nurses’ overall experiences.

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Wilk, Violetta, Geoffrey N. Soutar, and Paul Harrigan. "Tackling social media data analysis." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 22, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 94–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-01-2017-0021.

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PurposeThis paper aims to offer insights into the ways two computer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) applications (QSR NVivo and Leximancer) can be used to analyze big, text-based, online data taken from consumer-to-consumer (C2C) social media communication.Design/methodology/approachThis study used QSR NVivo and Leximancer, to explore 200 discussion threads containing 1,796 posts from forums on an online open community and an online brand community that involved online brand advocacy (OBA). The functionality, in particular, the strengths and weaknesses of both programs are discussed. Examples of the types of analyses each program can undertake and the visual output available are also presented.FindingsThis research found that, while both programs had strengths and weaknesses when working with big, text-based, online data, they complemented each other. Each contributed a different visual and evidence-based perspective; providing a more comprehensive and insightful view of the characteristics unique to OBA.Research limitations/implicationsQualitative market researchers are offered insights into the advantages and disadvantages of using two different software packages for research projects involving big social media data. The “visual-first” analysis, obtained from both programs can help researchers make sense of such data, particularly in exploratory research.Practical implicationsThe paper provides practical recommendations for analysts considering which programs to use when exploring big, text-based, online data.Originality/valueThis paper answered a call to action for further research and demonstration of analytical programs of big, online data from social media C2C communication and makes strong suggestions about the need to examine such data in a number of ways.

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Tseng, Chi, Bihu Wu, Alastair M. Morrison, Jingru Zhang, and Ying-chen Chen. "Travel blogs on China as a destination image formation agent: A qualitative analysis using Leximancer." Tourism Management 46 (February 2015): 347–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.07.012.

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O’Dwyer, Niamh, Harrison Cliffe, Kaitlyn E. Watson, Elizabeth McCourt, and Judith A. Singleton. "The Forgotten Patients in Cyclones: The Continuation of Opioid Replacement Therapy Program." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001237.

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Introduction:Cyclones are expected to increase in frequency and intensity, significantly impacting communities and healthcare services. During these times, those with chronic diseases such as opioid dependence are at an increased risk of disease exacerbation due to treatment regimen interruptions. Disruptions to the continuity of the opioid replacement therapy (ORT) service can be detrimental to both clients and the community which can potentially lead to relapse, withdrawal, and risky behaviors.Aim:To explore the impacts of cyclones on opioid treatment programs within community and hospital pharmacies in Queensland.Methods:Qualitative research methods were used in this study with two methods of data analysis employed: the text analytics software, Leximancer®, and manual coding. Interviews were conducted with five hospital and five community pharmacists and four Queensland opioid treatment program (QOTP) employees. Participants worked in Mackay, Rockhampton, Townsville, and Yeppoon in a community impacted by a cyclone and involved with ORT supply.Results:The themes developed in the manual coding were “impact on essential services,” “human experience,” “healthcare infrastructure,” “preparedness,” and “interprofessional networks.” These themes were aligned with those identified in the Leximancer® analysis. The community pharmacists focused on client stability, whereas, the hospital pharmacists and QOTP employees focused on the need for disaster plans to be implemented.Discussion:The greatest concern for participants was maintaining the stability of their clients. Communication amongst the dosing sites and ORT stakeholders was most concerning. This led to a lack of dosing information in a timely manner with pharmacists being hesitant to provide doses and takeaways due to legislative restrictions. A review of coordinated efforts and the legislative constraints is recommended to ensure continuity of ORT supply during cyclones.

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Kim, Dongwook, and Sungbum Kim. "Sustainable Supply Chain Based on News Articles and Sustainability Reports: Text Mining with Leximancer and DICTION." Sustainability 9, no. 6 (June 10, 2017): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9061008.

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Hyndman, Brendon, and Shane Pill. "What’s in a concept? A Leximancer text mining analysis of physical literacy across the international literature." European Physical Education Review 24, no. 3 (February 6, 2017): 292–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x17690312.

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Physical literacy is developing as a contested concept with definitional blurring across international contexts, confusing both practitioners and researchers. This paper serves the dual purpose of reporting on an interrogation of concepts associated with physical literacy in academic writing and exploring the use of a text mining data analysis tool. The Leximancer text mining software was applied to 49 research papers relating to physical literacy from 2001–2016, sourced from academic repositories and scholarly search engines. The findings from the text mining analysis revealed that the concept of physical literacy is used in a variety of contexts, specifically in connection with ‘education’, ‘activity’, ‘fitness’, ‘health’, ‘concept’, ‘competence’, ‘understanding’, ‘roles’, ‘curriculum’ and ‘assessment’. The concept with the most relevance connected to physical literacy is ‘education’, the very term that is commonly being replaced by ‘literacy’. A number of concepts were identified from the text mining analysis that were not explicitly mentioned within the definitions of physical literacy, including educational components such as ‘curriculum’, ‘teaching’ and ‘assessment’. It was also revealed that many of the strongest relational concepts from the text mining of the physical literacy literature were of a physical domain, with less relevance and connection to concepts of cognitive, social and emotional domains. The study fills an important gap in the literature by showing that while a multiplicity of conceptions of physical literacy exists, the concept gives dominance to the physical domain and the marginalisation of cognitive and affective domains in various constructions of physical literacy.

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Watson, Kaitlyn E., Judith A. Singleton, Vivienne Tippett, and Lisa M. Nissen. "Pharmacists Transcend Disaster Health "Silos"." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001390.

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Introduction:Weather-related natural disasters are increasing in frequency and intensity, severely impacting communities. The patient demographic requiring assistance in a disaster is changing from acute traumas to chronic disease exacerbations. Adequate management requires a multidisciplinary healthcare approach. Pharmacists have been recorded in various disaster roles in literature. However, their roles within these disaster health teams are not well-established and do not fully utilize their skill sets.Aim:To identify where pharmacists roles are within the four phases of a disaster – prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery (PPRR), and to determine the barriers to pharmacists being better integrated into disaster teams.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 international key stakeholders and pharmacists. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using both open and axial manual coding, as well as the text-analytics software Leximancer®. The use of these two methods provided triangulation of methods for reliability of results. This research project was covered by QUT ethics approval number 1700000106.Results:The themes identified were community, government, "disaster management," "pharmacy," and "barriers and facilitators." The Leximancer® analysis compared the different disaster perspective and experience levels of the participants. The more experienced disaster health professionals who had worked closely with pharmacists believed they were capable of undertaking more roles in a disaster.Discussion:Pharmacists have been placed in the logistics "silo" for their role in disaster management supply chain operations. However, pharmacists have the expertise, knowledge, and skills which transcend this "silo" to work across the multiple health roles in disasters. Pharmacists are identified as a critical piece to the puzzle in the disaster management throughout the PPRR cycle. They are capable of undertaking more roles in disasters in addition to the established logistics role. The barriers identified need to be addressed for the better integration of pharmacists into disaster teams.

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Singleton, Judith A., Sherley Khng, Elizabeth M. McCourt, Kaitlyn E. Watson, and Esther T. L. Lau. "Still Burning: An Exploration of the Impacts of the 2018/2019 Tasmanian Summer Bushfires on Community Pharmacy Operations in Affected Communities." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 35, no. 6 (September 10, 2020): 612–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x20001077.

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AbstractIntroduction:Human-induced climate change is increasing the likelihood and severity of wildfires across the globe. This has negative consequences for the health of affected communities through the loss of health systems’ infrastructure and disrupted health services. Community pharmacies are a central hub between patients and the health care system and can provide continuity of care during wildfires. However, there is little in peer-reviewed literature about the impacts of wildfires on community pharmacy operations.Study Objective:The aim of this study was therefore to explore the impacts of the 2018/2019 summer bushfires in Tasmania, Australia on community pharmacy operations in affected areas.Methods:Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with four community pharmacists who were working in the affected region during the bushfires. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Qualitative data were analyzed using two methods– manual coding utilizing NVivo software and Leximancer analysis. Inter-rater reliability was ensured by two researchers analyzing the data independently. Differences in coding were discussed and agreement reached through negotiation amongst the research team.Results:From the manual coding analysis, five key themes emerged – communication and collaboration; support; patient health challenges; pharmacist experiences in delivering health care; and future planning. These aligned with the five themes that emerged from the Leximancer analysis – community; local; town; patients; and work. Participants described working during the wildfires as difficult, with multiple challenges reported including communication difficulties, operational barriers such as power cuts, legislative barriers, logistical issues with obtaining and storing medication supplies, and lack of preparation, support, and funding. They highlighted a lack of operational and financial support from the government and received most assistance from local council bodies and local branches of professional pharmacy organizations.Conclusion:During disasters, community pharmacies help reduce the burden on public hospitals by maintaining medication supplies and treating patients with minor ailments. However, increased support and inclusion in disaster management planning is needed to continue this role.

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Terblanche, Nic, Leyland F. Pitt, Deon Nel, and Asa Wallstrom. "Corporate governance and business ethics: Pictures of the policies." Corporate Ownership and Control 6, no. 2 (2008): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv6i2c1p8.

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This study analyses the ethics policies of the world’s four largest oil companies, as communicated on their websites, using the Leximancer approach. The text contained in the ethics policies of these firms was used in a content analysis and then mapped. This article illustrates a powerful, but simple and relatively inexpensive way for executives and corporate governance scholars to examine ethics policies, particularly as they are communicated online. The intent is to demonstrate a research and analysis method. The major contribution of this study is the use of a new research approach and set of tools that ethics researchers, policy makers and managers can exploit. The technique is easy to use, and the results are similarly straightforward to interpret.

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ANAGNOSTOPOULOS, CHRISTOS, and TOM BASON. "Mapping the First 10 Years with Leximancer: Themes and Concepts in the Sports Management International Journal Choregia." CHOREGIA 11, no. 1 (November 2015): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4127/ch.2015.0095.

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Angus, Daniel, Sean Rintel, and Janet Wiles. "Making sense of big text: a visual-first approach for analysing text data using Leximancer and Discursis." International Journal of Social Research Methodology 16, no. 3 (May 2013): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2013.774186.

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Cretchley, Julia, David Rooney, and Cindy Gallois. "Mapping a 40-Year History With Leximancer: Themes and Concepts in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 41, no. 3 (April 14, 2010): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022110366105.

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Choi, Jeongwon, and Hyun-Duck Kim. "Sustainable Careers of Athletes: Themes and Concepts Regarding Transition Theories Involving Athletes." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 25, 2021): 4824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094824.

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Athletes’ transition has been one of the crucial social issues for athletes, their families, and significant others. This study aimed to provide a thematic analysis of research on athletes’ transition, considering the widely adopted transition theories. That is, this study is designed to evaluate the models that describe athletes’ transition, published in peer-reviewed journals from 2000 to 2020 within the domain of sports and relevant areas. Ten articles were included in this qualitative method-based research, and the selected articles were analyzed using the text data-mining technique using Leximancer version 5.0. The results can provide a methodologically significant contribution to the study of athletes’ transition. In addition, this study provides some insights regarding sustainable careers to help athletes and advance future studies.

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Anggraini, Dina, Chalarce Totanan, Jurana Jurana NS, Rahayu Indriasari, Betty Betty, and Femilia Zahra. "Studi Literatur : Akuntansi Sumber Daya Manusia." Tangible Journal 7, no. 2 (December 24, 2022): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53654/tangible.v7i2.287.

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Tujuan dilakukan penelitian ini untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi akuntansi sumber daya manusia. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur. Di dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan analisis data teks yaitu perangkat lunak Leximancer, kemudian metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dokumentasi dengan mengumpulkan 28 artikel dari website www.googlescholar.com yang ditentukan berkaitan dengan masalah dalam penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi akuntansi sumber daya manusia terlihat daribeberapa faktor yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk penelitian mengenai akuntansi sumber daya manusia yaitu perusahaan, intellectual capital dan kinerja perusahaan. Adanya 3 hal tersebut menjadi 3 unsur penting dalam peluang riset serta perhatian perusahaan dimasa depan. Hal ini dikarenakan inovasi menjadi hal yang sangat diperlukan untuk dapat membuat perusahaan lebih berkembang terutama ketika harus bersaing dengan perusahaan lain.

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Steenkamp, Hilke, and Ronél Rensburg. "Harnessing stakeholder sentiment on social networking sites." Communicare: Journal for Communication Studies in Africa 35, no. 2 (October 17, 2022): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/jcsa.v35i2.1597.

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Communicating reputation to stakeholders and assessing whether these messages have beenreceived favourably are essential components of organisations’ overall communication strategies.These actions are, however, becoming increasingly difficult to execute as a result of sophisticatedstakeholder expectations as well as notions of continuous stakeholder participation andengagement on social networking sites (SNSs) by means of the co-creation of communicationcontent. This research proposes a new conceptual framework for reputation management onSNSs that aims to address these issues. The framework is essentially based on the utilisation ofcomputer-aided qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS) such as Leximancer and Centimin the reputation management process. Based on the findings, it is suggested that CAQDASenables reputation managers to accurately measure stakeholder sentiment, identify prevalentstakeholder discourses pertaining to organisational communication disseminated on SNSs, anddetect threats that could damage corporate reputation.

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Ihsan, M., Irma Irma, Burhanuddin Ladjin, and Arif Widyatama. "Peluang Riset Strategi Bumdes Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Perekonomian Masyarakat: Sebuah Studi Literatur." Vokasi : Jurnal Riset Akuntansi 9, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/vjra.v9i2.28369.

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The purpose of this article is to discover the potential for research on BUMDes strategies. This article is considered important because research on BUMDes is still very limited so that it can make a very large contribution to BUMDes research space. Bumdes has an important role in building the economy in the village. However, the condition that occurs is that there are still many conditions of rural community human resources, especially Bumdes officials, who do not have good management skills and financial literacy in managing Bumdes. This research was conducted with a literature study using Leximancer to determine the potential for future research. The results of this study indicate that there are 4 (four) important variables that need to be considered by further research, namely environmental, business, innovation and performance.

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Al-hawari, Maen, and Sanaa Al-halabi. "The Preliminary Investigation of the Factors that Influence the E-Learning Adoption in Higher Education Institutes." International Journal of Distance Education Technologies 8, no. 4 (October 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdet.2010100101.

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Creativity and high performance in learning processes are the main concerns of educational institutions. E-learning contributes to the creativity and performance of these institutions and reproduces a traditional learning model based primarily on knowledge transfer into more innovative models based on collaborative learning. In this paper, the authors focus on the preliminary investigation of factors that influence e-learning adoption in Jordan. As a pioneer country for e-learning systems in the Middle East, an investigation has been completed for one of Jordan’s universities that has implemented e-learning. Factors are defined through the analysis of unstructured interviews with developers and users of the e-learning systems, and Leximancer content analysis software is used to analyze the interview’s content. Main factors include Internet, legislations, human factors, and Web content.

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Ma, Emily, Mingming Cheng, and Aaron Hsiao. "Sentiment analysis – a review and agenda for future research in hospitality contexts." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 3287–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2017-0704.

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Purpose The study aims to provide a critical review of the origin, development and process of sentiment analysis (SA) and a demonstration for hospitality researchers and students on how to perform SA using a sample study. Design/methodology/approach A critical review and sample case demonstration approach was applied. The sample study used Leximancer to perform SA using TripAdvisor review data. Findings A critical evaluation of the most popular SA tools was provided, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. A step-by-step demonstration with data provided makes it possible for readers to learn this technique at own pace. Originality/value By providing a critical review of SA supported with a demonstration case study, this study makes a timely contribution for broader awareness and understanding, as well as the application of SA in hospitality.

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Giles, Howard, Karolina Hansen, Daniel Angus, and Cindy Gallois. "Prologue: History, Themes, Analysis, and Rationale." Journal of Language and Social Psychology 40, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261927x20978440.

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In this Special Issue, we commemorate 40 years of publishing research in the Journal of Language & Social Psychology (JLSP). We first provide a brief glimpse of the history of the field of language and social psychology and the emergence of JLSP within it. This is then developed further by exploring the themes—and the relationships between them—arising over the four decades of the journal, by means of a Leximancer analysis of the titles and abstracts of all research articles since the journal’s inception. We describe our data-driven rationale for the topics selected for the Anniversary Issue and provide an overview of the articles that follow this Prologue; we highlight their unique features and contributions to the advancement of the field of language and social psychology.

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Öztüren, Ali, Hasan Kilic, Victor Oluwafemi Olorunsola, and Benjamin Omeiza Osumeje. "Managing natural tourism attractions based on visitor reviews: a case study of Golden Beach, Karpaz." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 13, no. 4 (June 21, 2021): 535–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-02-2021-0028.

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PurposeThis paper aims to uncover the critical factors relating to the enhancement of a natural tourism attraction from a visitor perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe reviews (n = 336) of Golden Beach, Karpaz were collected from the Tripadvisor.com platform. Content analysis was conducted with Leximancer software to determine the themes relating to natural tourism attraction development.FindingsThe most widely highlighted themes in the data were environment, infrastructure, location, activities, visitors and locals. Pro-environmental visitors, the responsibilities of government and visitor management issues are discussed in relation to managing natural tourism attractions.Practical implicationsThe paper has a number of practical implications for tourism stakeholders involved in developing sustainable destinations.Originality/valueThis paper emphasises the value of analysing visitor generated comments in order to better understand visitor thoughts and perceptions. In so doing, the authorities can make decisions that align with the expectations of visitors and manage their resources accordingly.

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Shah, Mahsood, and Anja Pabel. "Making the student voice count: using qualitative student feedback to enhance the student experience." Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 12, no. 2 (July 18, 2019): 194–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jarhe-02-2019-0030.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline how qualitative data can be used to gain insights into the experience of different cohorts of students including online and on-campus students. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative data from student surveys are used to analyse three years of data. The text analytics software Leximancer was used to analyse the qualitative student comments. Findings Comparing comments of on-campus and online students, the findings indicate that the students had different perceptions in regards to what they rated as best aspects of their course and what needed improvement. Originality/value The study is based on three years of qualitative comments collected in student surveys. The study is unique, given that previous studies have looked at qualitative comments in general rather than comparing the experience of online and on-campus students.

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Pearce, Philip L., and Mao-Ying Wu. "Entertaining International Tourists: An Empirical Study of an Iconic Site in China." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 42, no. 5 (August 3, 2015): 772–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348015598202.

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Entertainment is a feature of some tourism settings and acts as a key pull factor for visiting certain destinations. Research-based studies about entertainment and the tourist experience are, however, rather limited. This study pursued this research opportunity and explored international tourists’ experiences in an iconic performance-based entertainment, the Impression Sanjie Liu in southern China. More than 350 tourists’ spontaneous reviews posted on TripAdvisor were analyzed through Leximancer software. It was found that international tourists were generally positive toward the culturally distinctive style of the entertainment. Despite the challenge of comprehending meanings and the language, they were impressed with the grand spectacle, the performances of many people, and the context. The disruptive behavior of other tourists, particularly the domestic Chinese tourists, troubled some international tourists. Implications for both academic research and the tourism entertainment industry are offered.

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Harvey, Stephen, Obidiah Atkinson, and Brendon P. Hyndman. "Chapter 7: An Investigation Into Sports Coaches’ Twitter Use." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 481–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2019-0283.

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Purpose: To investigate sports coaches’ Twitter use. Methods: Coaches (N = 310) from 22 countries and a range of sports completed an online survey. Quantitative survey data were analyzed descriptively and triangulated with qualitative data using Leximancer (Brisbane, Queensland, Australia) text mining software. Results: Most participants reported using Twitter for ≥3 years and accessed the platform multiple times per day. More than half participants agreed that using Twitter had positively impacted both their own confidence as a coach and their athletes/players/team’s performance. The strongest overall themes from the qualitative data revealed that Twitter helped sports coaches improve their practices through the sharing of information, connecting with other coaches, and building positivity into their interactions when supporting players. Discussion/Conclusion: Sports coaches perceive Twitter to be a highly valuable platform to network, collaborate, gain access to information, and share ideas and resources.

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Chiu, Weisheng, and Ho Keat Leng. "Let’s go cycling: an analysis of tourists’ experience on online user-generated content." International Journal of Tourism Cities 3, no. 1 (March 6, 2017): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijtc-10-2016-0045.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore cycling tourists’ experience in Singapore using an exploratory case study. Design/methodology/approach Tourist’s spontaneous reviews (n=409) posted on TripAdvisor were collected and analyzed through Leximancer. Findings The software identified 31 concepts grouped into five dominant themes of tourists’ experiences. In order of relative importance, the themes were tour, bike, guide, experience, and cycling. It revealed that most tourists have a favorable impression of their cycling experience in Singapore. Originality/value The findings suggest cycling tours can provide tourists with pleasurable experiences. Tourists embark on cycling tours in Singapore to learn more about the city and enjoy new experiences. However, to meet tourists’ expectations, bicycles must be well-maintained and accessible. In addition, tour guides should be attentive and knowledgeable. These have a direct effect on tourists’ satisfaction level with cycling tours.

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Drăgan, Maria-Catrinel, and Gabriel Camară. "Studying tourist congestion as a form of overtourism through Tripadvisor reviews: Case study: Charles Bridge, Prague." Zbornik radova Departmana za geografiju, turizam i hotelijerstvo, no. 51-1 (2022): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zbdght2201039d.

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Overtourism is a current phenomenon which also includes crowds of people in a tourist destination. This research analyzes overtourism to a much visited tourist objective through Tripadvisor reviews, by highlighting the key concepts which are suggesting the existence of the overtourism phenomenon. The method consisted to examine the reviews posted on Tripadvisor by the tourists who visited one of the most important tourist attractions in Prague, namely Charles Bridge. The tool used for this purpose was Leximancer program. Using an analysis from multiple perspectives (during the 2019 low and peak tourist season, and during the Covid-19 pandemic), the results of the concept maps captured the intensity of the phenomenon of overtourism in all three contexts. Thus, specific themes and concepts generated by the program suggest that Carles Bridge suffers from overtourism regardless of the tourist season.

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McCredie, Bronwyn, and Kerrie Sadiq. "CSR and tax: a study in the transition from an ‘aggregate’ to ‘real entity’ view of corporations." Pacific Accounting Review 31, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 553–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/par-11-2018-0088.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically test whether corporates, via publicly disclosed sentiment and in response to government initiatives such as domestic corporate tax reform measures that address transparency, are beginning to view tax as a fourth dimension of corporate social responsibility (CSR). Design/methodology/approach To determine whether corporate attitudes towards tax are changing, representations about the corporate entity by a variety of stakeholders and through numerous channels were analysed using Leximancer software. These representations were in response to four distinct Australian domestic tax reform measures instituted during and subsequent to the Australian Government Senate Inquiry into corporate tax avoidance. The use of Leximancer, a data-analysis and mapping software that automates the coding of document text, delineates concepts and identifies themes, is well suited to the nature and size of the data used (Lodhia and Martin, 2011) and ensures the validity and reliability of the results (Dumay, 2014). Findings This paper provides evidence on the efficacy of global and domestic tax-reform measures that target tax avoidance through transparency. This is demonstrated by a progressive change in corporate attitudes towards tax and suggests a transition, albeit nascent, from the aggregate view to the real entity view of a corporation. As such, this study provides evidence of the inception of a corporate conscience when it comes to tax, whereby tax is instituted as a fourth dimension of CSR. Research limitations/implications Using a theoretical framework which adopts the historically accepted views of the firm, the authors argue that a shift from the aggregate view to the real entity view of a corporation will have the following implications: an expansion of the dimensional factors of CSR (economic, social, environmental and tax); a new standard or definition of corporate responsibility which encompasses both legal and moral considerations and has transparency at its core (Narotzki, 2016); and a new outlook where consumers realise that they have the power to influence and demand action from corporates. Originality/value This paper uses state-of-the-art software to empirically test the efficacy of global and domestic tax reform measures that target transparency, ultimately providing evidence supporting the adoption of these measures and the recognition of a new dimension of CSR, tax.

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Previte, Josephine, and Nichola Robertson. "A continuum of transformative service exchange: insights for service and social marketers." Journal of Services Marketing 33, no. 6 (December 3, 2019): 671–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-10-2018-0280.

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Purpose Transformative service research (TSR) and social marketing share a common goal, which is to institute social change that improves individual and societal well-being. However, the mechanism via which such improved well-being results or so-called “transformation” occurs, is not well understood. The purpose of this paper is to examine the claims made in the TSR literature to identity the themes and scholarly meaning of “transformative” service exchange; ascertain the mechanisms used in service contexts to realize transformation, including to motivate long-term, sustainable societal change; and develop a transformative service exchange continuum to guide research and managerial approaches that aim to create uplifting social change. The authors recommend their continuum as a framework to inform how social marketing and service scholars design service solutions to address wicked social problems. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a qualitative study where Leximancer, a text-mining tool, is used to visualize the structure of themes and concepts that define transformative service exchanges as explained and applied in the literature. Additionally, a profiling analysis of transformation as it is discussed in the TSR literature is used to identify the mechanisms that service marketers have developed to establish current theorization of service thinking for social change. These qualitative phases of analysis then inform the development of the transformative service exchange continuum. Findings A scoping review identified 51 articles across 12 journals, based on this study’s selection criteria for identifying transformative service exchanges. The Leximancer analysis systematically and efficiently guided the authors’ interpretation of the large data corpus and was used in the identification of service themes. The use of text-mining software afforded a detailed lens to enrich the authors’ interpretation and clarification of six high-level concepts for inclusion on a transformative service exchange continuum. Originality/value This paper aims to unpack the meaning of transformative service exchange by highlighting the mechanism(s) used by researchers when designing social change outcomes. It contributes to TSR via the development of the continuum across micro, meso and macro levels. The temporal nature of transformative service exchanges is also elucidated. This continuum integrates current TSR studies and can guide future service studies in the TSR and social marketing domains.

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Chiu, Weisheng, Jung-sup Bae, and Doyeon Won. "The experience of watching baseball games in Korea: an analysis of user-generated content on social media using Leximancer." Journal of Sport & Tourism 21, no. 1 (November 21, 2016): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14775085.2016.1255562.

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Roblek, Vasja, Maja Meško, and Iztok Podbregar. "Impact of Car Sharing on Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2021): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020905.

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The article gives us an insight into the key issues of car sharing and its impact on urban sustainability. A selection of 314 articles published in peer-reviewed journals from the Scopus database were analysed using Leximancer 5.0 for Automated Content analysis. A total of seven themes were identified explaining the researched topic of the car sharing situation in Europe, which are sharing, economy, model, systems, electrical car sharing, policy and travel. There are two ways of sharing owned cars in Europe; access to cars from the fleet of private organisations and P2P car sharing. Sustainable environmental solutions in the context of the electrification of cars are used. Car sharing usually takes place online and can be free or for a fee as defined by The European Economic and Social Committee. The article provides an overview of understanding the concept of urban car sharing in Europe.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Leximancer'

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