Journal articles on the topic 'Lexicography and semantics'
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1
Golev, Nikolay D. "Lexicographizing as a Method of Describing Vocabulary: Revisiting the Theoretical Legacy of Olga Blinova." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 21 (2021): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/21/1.
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The article develops the idea formulated by Olga Iosifovna Blinova, professor of Tomsk State University, according to which lexicography is one of the methods of studying vocabulary. The material of the study included: (1) theoretical works by Olga Blinova, (2) her lexicographic works, (3) lexicographic experiments of the author of the article and their theoretical understanding, (4) works of other authors on related issues. The main research method used in the article is a comparison of concepts and principles of their implementation in different authors to identify the features of Blinova’s lexicographic theory and practice. The author interprets lexicographizing of a word as a specific approach to the description of its semantics, as a way of its modeling, which consists in its discretization – transformation of continuous semantic space of the language into notional quanta, clots of meaning. In the study, this method is contrasted with other methods of language modeling found in applied language descriptions: in the methods of language teaching, in translation and in compilation of computer programs on a linguistic basis in particular. Much attention is paid to the concept of lexical parameterization, which occurs in the process of lexicographic modeling of the semantic reality of the language. The most important principle of semantics modeling is the parameterization of the meaning of a word and vocabulary in general. The article discusses the features of parameterization in explanatory dictionaries against the background of their opposition to other types of dictionaries: encyclopedic, motivational dictionaries, dictionaries of everyday interpretations of words and frequency dictionaries. To identify these features, the definitions of words in explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries are analyzed. Such important trends in modern lexicography as overcoming the absolutization of the discreteness of semantics and its simplified definition are analyzed. The article explores the tendency of lexicography to an antropocentric modeling of semantics in dictionaries, a particular manifestation of which is the representation of the content of a word as a conceptual content. In more detail, the article highlights the specifics of the motivational dictionary – one of the main lexicographic works by Blinova, who developed the concept of this type of dictionary and implemented it in practice by creating the Motivational Dialect Dictionary. The final section of the article analyzes Blinova’s idea about the possibility of implementing a project of a complex dictionary, in which the meaning of each word is considered in the mirror of a set of parameters which together give a systematic idea of the functioning, semantics and linguistic connections of the word. The article draws conclusions about the role of Blinova’s theoretical heritage for semasiology, dialectology and lexicography of the Russian language.
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Samoilova, Iryna. "Description of nouns with parametric semantics in an active explanatory dictionary: The lexicographic experiment." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2021): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.03.077.
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This article provides an overview of an active type dictionaries in Ukrainian and foreign lexicography. It examines the peculiarities of the structural organization of dictionary articles, presenting of words in a paradigmatic relationship with registry units, displaying the typical syntagmatic properties of units, and case forms. Relying on a wide range of texts in the Ukrainian language corps, the paper describes the words with parametric semantics dalekist’ (farness) and blyz’kist’ (closeness) with respect to the anthropocentric approach. The applied lexicographic experiment is a practical part of studying the topic of compiling an active type explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language. This lexicographic experiment was verified on the texts of the corps of semantic paradigms of words presented in the dictionaries of the 20th—21st centuries. It offers checking procedures and vocabulary and text filters. In contrast to the published explanatory dictionaries, the modeled description of language units provides a more complete picture about the functioning of the examined words in texts of different genres, their semantic potential, and stylistics. Keywords: anthropocentric lexicography, active type of dictionary, parametric noun, dictionary entry, text corpus.
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Reichmann, Oskar. "Visions of lexicography of a semantic European." Lexicographica 37, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2021-0003.
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Abstract In this essay, it is assumed that the languages of Latin Europe do have many semantic features in common, which contradicts the prevailing view of a general semantic particularity of every individual language and thus the exploitation for national-political purposes arising from that view. However, the proposition made here requires a summary and the assessment of different semantic concepts led by the idea of commonality. By means of individual cases that can be understood as relevant examples, a vision of lexicography will follow that aims at replacing the biologistic concept of a genetic explanation for contrastive semantics by the concept of a comparative semantics that is based on socio-historical, cultural-historcial and textual-historical arguments. In doing so, a historiography relating to the subject-matter of “semantics” will be suggested that assigns a semantic bridging function to Late Antiquity / Early Medieval Latin in relation to all languages of Latin Europe. The logic of the argument implies that a new era of semantic history begins upon the development of a structure of national languages in Europe, whose historical basis can still be recognised in the semantic communalities.
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Rudakova, Alexandra V. "Theoretical and applied problems of psycholinguistic lexicography." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2022-52-2-73-89.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical problems of a new direction – psycholinguistic lexicography. The accumulation of a large amount of factual experimental material required the development of principles for fixing the psycholinguistic description of the meaning of a word in lexicographic sources. The theoretical basis of the study was the ideas of Professor I.A. Sternin, the founder of the Voronezh Psycholinguistic School, about the possibility of describing the psychologically real semantics of a word based on the experimental data and about the formation of psycholinguistic semasiology, the main concept of which is the concept of the psycholinguistic meaning of a word (the meaning of a word represented in the linguistic consciousness of a native speaker), and the main method was that of semantic interpretation of experimental data. The paper shows the main differences between psycholinguistic and traditional explanatory dictionaries. The classification of types of psycholinguistic dictionaries was developed. Two types of psycholinguistic dictionaries were distinguished – associative dictionaries and semantic dictionaries. The principles of presentation of semantic material in psycholinguistic lexicographic sources have a number of distinctive features in comparison with associative dictionaries, the main of which is the indication of the degree of brightness of individual semantic features and individual meanings and their ranking in the descending order of the brightness index. The paper presents the general algorithm for creating a psycholinguistic semantic dictionary and the structure of its dictionary entry. An important issue of the psycholinguistic explanatory dictionary creation is the criterion for selecting its units. The following principles are proposed for the selection of dictionary units of this type of dictionaries: 1) word frequency; 2) social significance; 3) semantic instability; 4) semantic differentiation; 5) part-of-speech reference. A separate direction of psycholinguistic lexicography is represented by differential dictionaries, which contain a comparative description of the semantics of a word in a group language consciousness; various possibilities of constructing a dictionary entry of differential psycholinguistic dictionaries are shown, examples of fixing psycholinguistic meanings of words in differential psycholinguistic dictionaries of the Russian language are given.
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Dash, Niladri Sekhar. "Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography (review)." Language 80, no. 2 (2004): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0070.
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Generalova, E. V. "The lexicographic legacy of Professor B. A. Larin and modern lexicography (to the 130th anniversary of the birth)." Russian language at school 84, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-1-75-84.
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The paper examines the lexicographic legacy left by Professor B. A. Larin (1893–1964). It also points out the direct correlation between Larin’s ideas and the controversial issues and moot points in modern lexicography. I provide a brief review of B. A. Larin’s biography and his philological interests. The conclusion underscores the significance of the lexicographic ideas in the linguist’s works as well as the versatility of his scientific interests. At the same time, they are united by such cross-cutting leitmotifs as a broad historical perspective, studying colloquial speech in its various manifestations, attention to semantics. B. A. Larin’s ideas that were far ahead of their time are identified as a result of comparing the concepts he developed and the directions of modern lexicography evolution. For example, one such idea is a complete dictionary. It directly correlates with the currently relevant project of a complex (universal) dictionary. Moreover, Larin raised the issues of combining linguistic and encyclopaedic information in a historical dictionary as well as of scientific illustration of historical dictionary entries, which are still unresolved. The ideas of bilingual author lexicography, onomastic author lexicography, and historical phraseology proposed by Larin have hardly been implemented yet. The paper emphasises that B. A. Larin is one of the founders of Russian historical lexicography. Also, he created such a type of historical dictionary as the thesaurus of one written monument and became the father of Russian sociolinguistics and comparative phraseology. He formulated principles for describing various aspects of vocabulary, proposed a number of innovative lexicographic projects, thus anticipating many modern lexicographic theories and developments.
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Frawley, William, Henryk Kardela, and Gunnar Persson. "New Trends in Semantics and Lexicography." Language 73, no. 2 (June 1997): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416084.
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Fedotova, Nina L., and Boris N. Kovalenko. "Book Review: Mokienko, V.M. & Nikitina, T.G. (2019) Russkaya Dialektnaya Frazeografya: Differentsial ’nye i Polnye Slovari [Russian Dialect Phraseography: Differential and Complete Dictionaries]. Saint Petersburg; Greifswald: Saint Petersburg State University; Universitat Greifswald." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/11.
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The questions of lexicographic description of phraseology of Russian territorial and social dialects are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems of the vocabulary representation of phraseological semantics, historical and etymological commenting on phraseological units and the reflection of the peculiarities of their functioning in the modern sociocultural context. The book is intended for philologists, culturologists, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the problems of Russian phraseology and lexicography.
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ILIEVA, Tatyana. "OLD BULGARIAN PREDICATIVES AND THEIR REPRESENTATION IN HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES." Journal of Bulgarian Language 69, PR (June 29, 2022): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.69.22.pr.10.
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The paper addresses predicatives from a lexicologist’s perspective. The author comments on the mechanism of their formation, their semantics and the paradigmatic relations they enter into as part of the lexical system of the Old Bulgarian language. She also joins the linguistic discussion concerning the so-called category of state. Last but not least, she addresses the lexicographic representation of predicatives in Palaeo-Slavonic dictionaries. Keywords: Slavic historical linguistics, Paleo-Slavonic lexicography, predicatives in Old Slavonic
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Inchaurralde, Carlos. "A Contrastive Study of Lexical Semantics in English." Armenian Folia Anglistika 1, no. 1-2 (1) (October 17, 2005): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2005.1.1-2.072.
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The article presents the initial generalizations of research in the fields of semantics and lexicography which are based on the examination carried out in 1962. Proceeding from the current results of the research, as well as the criteria elaborated in the fields of modern psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics, the article puts forward the idea of the expansion of the lexical semantics in English and the existence of a basic semantic structure. The possibility of further similar researches with the inclusion of the Spanish vocabulary is also emphasized in the article.
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Apresjan, Valentina Yur'evna, and Boris Leonidovich Iomdin. "Russian interrogative pronouns as a lexicographic type." Russian Journal of Linguistics 26, no. 4 (December 22, 2022): 1078–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-30714.
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Our study tackles Russian interrogative-relative pronouns ( wh -words) as a lexicographic type which requires a unified treatment. Our objective is to give a systematic description and explanation of the numerous collocational and constructional properties of the Russian wh -words using lexicographic and corpus methods. The dataset and statistics were extracted from the Russian National Corpus, at least 100 examples for each of the pronouns were analysed. Methodologically the study is based on the principles of the Moscow School of Semantics (namely, integral description of language and systematic lexicography) which are to a large extent rooted in the “Meaning⇔Text” theory. They include analysis of linguistic items on all levels of language; a focus on their semantic and combinatorial properties; acknowledged validity of dictionary as an instrument of linguistic research. The paper considers semantic, syntactic and co-occurrence properties shared by many Russian interrogative pronouns and analyzes the reasons for their almost entire lack in the pronouns zachem ‘what for’ and pochemu ‘why’. As demonstrated in the study, most of the constructional and co-occurrence properties typical of Russian interrogative pronouns (for example, co-occurrence with particles imenno ‘exactly’ and khot’ ‘at least’, constructions with mnogo ‘many’, malo ‘few’, etc.) are motivated by the semantics of multiplicity and choice, which are incompatible with ‘what for’ and ‘why’. In addition, as the findings show, different interrogative pronouns have different frequencies of occurrence in the described constructions, which is explained not by their general corpus frequencies or by the animacy hierarchy, but by the compatibility of their semantics with the meanings of multiplicity and choice. The obtained results suggest that combinatorial properties of wh -words are motivated by their semantics which, in turn, reflects the meta-linguistic characteristics of the situations to which they refer.
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Bobunova, Maria A., and Alexander T. Khrolenko. "Proper Names in Oral Poetic Tradition in the Light of Folklore Lexicography." Вопросы Ономастики 18, no. 1 (2021): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2021.18.1.003.
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The paper uses three cases of folklore lexicography to substantiate its applicability and the methodological capacity it holds in the study of onomastic elements of different folklore genres. It is this original lexicographic approach that gives a new perspective and brings new results to the solution of some recurrent problems connected with the poetic language of folklore. The research builds on the lexicographic projects by Kursk linguists, focused on folklore studies: a dictionary of the language of bylinas and the concordances of Russian non-ritual lyric songs. The present study employs the overlay technique for comparing dictionary entries and gives three cases of its application. The first compares lexicographic descriptions of the Dunai (Danube) river name as one of the key images of Russian folklore, and how it is used in non-ritual lyric songs of the 19th century. This has allowed the authors to identify semantic differences in the river name across the regions. The second case illustrates that, lexicographically, the body of folklore proper names has a capacity to verbalize the emotional experience of the ethnic group that has both regional and gender-based specificity. The third case considers the meaning, usage, and derivational potential of exotic place names. Based on bylinas texts, the authors illustrate transformations of borrowed words in the vocabulary of Russian folk-tale narrators. On the general scale, embracing a lexicographic approach to the study of folklore vocabulary can solve a number of long-standing issues related to semantics, word-formation, generic and territorial features of the national poetic language. Apart from that, the authors conclude that folklore lexicography can open new interesting areas of onomastic research and gives a tool to explore them.
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Basalaeva, Elena G., Elena Yu Bulygina, and Tatiana A. Tripolskaya. "Stylistic Qualification of Colloquial Vocabulary in the Database of Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary of the Russian Language." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 20 (2021): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/20/1.
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The article focuses on the issue of the stylistic ranking (clarification of the system of stylistic labels) and correlation of stylistic labels with emotional and evaluative ones in the electronic lexicographic resource Database of Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary. The resource pursues the goal of the most complete lexicographic portraiture of the lexical meaning that contains pragmatic semantics (ideological, gender, national-cultural and emotional-evaluative). The macrostructure of the Database, criteria for the formation of the glossary, ways of interpreting the pragmatic content are described in the works of the participants in the lexicographic project E.G. Basalaeva, E.Yu. Bulygina, T.A. Tripolskaya. The material of the research is emotional-evaluative vocabulary (mrak, mychat’ (about human speech), vkalyvat’, uzhas, balbes, nytik, myam-lya, etc.) in need of special stylistic (colloquial, vernacular, rude, everyday, etc.) quali-fication. The authors relied on definitional, component and corpus analysis in the study. The study of the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language from the stand-point of the placement and correlation of stylistic and semantic labels allows obtaining the following information: 1) about lexicographic traditions relevant to the development of a new dictionary resource; 2) about possible dynamic processes in the field of stylis-tically marked vocabulary; 3) about the hybrid nature of stylistic and semantic labels: in some cases, stylistic labels (without emotional-evaluative ones) are designed to com-bine information about the sphere of use and emotional-evaluative semantics; and sometimes semantic labels, for example, contemptuous or abusive, serves as an indica-tor of colloquial or vernacular use. One of the primary tasks in the lexicography of these lexemes is the development of a possibly consistent system of stylistic and semantic labels. In the Database of Pragmatically Marked Vocabulary, the authors pro-pose to use semantic and stylistic labels in parallel in relation to each other. The created Database makes it possible to present a lexicographic portrait of a pragmatically marked word, the presence and interaction of pragmatic microcomponents, their dy-namics manifested in modern communication. Thus, the article analyzes the systems of vocabulary labels. The stylistic and semantic (emotional-evaluative) labels have been correlated, considering the seme and semantic variation of a pragmatically marked word; the algorithm for the lexicographying of emotional-evaluative semantics, which determines the stylistic characteristics of a word, has been developed.
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Pichler, Anna Malena. "Die Prototypensemantik als Möglichkeit der fremdsprachen- didaktischen Lexikographie." Linguistik Online 108, no. 3 (May 9, 2021): 115–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.108.7793.
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It has often been criticized that Learners’ Dictionaries lack a theoretical basis in linguistic theory. Prototype semantics are able to provide a solution to this problem in the context of cognitive linguistics. This article proposes a new approach to pedagogical lexicography based on the fundamental ideas of prototype semantics. In the framework of a culture-based dictionary for German as a Foreign Language (Kulturwörterbuch Deutsch als Fremdsprache), which is implemented as a students’ project at the department for German as a Foreign Language of TU Berlin, the model of a prototype-based semantic explanation is presented.
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Marmaridou, Sophia. "Cognitive, cultural, and constructional motivations of polysemy and semantic change." Pragmatics and Cognition 18, no. 1 (April 9, 2010): 68–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/pc.18.1.04mar.
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Within the framework of cognitive linguistics and construction grammar (as in Lakoff 1987; Langacker 2000; Goldberg 1995; and Fried and Östman 2004), it is claimed in this paper that the semantics of psuche (psyche) is motivated by cognitive, cultural, and constructional parameters of meaning. More specifically, it is argued that psyche, as the immaterial nature of a human being, and the seat of emotions and feelings in particular, is understood in terms of image-based metaphors, a cultural model of the self, and a cultural narrative of existence. It is also argued that the frequent occurrence of psyche in a number of collocations and idioms motivates and constrains constructional meaning. At the same time, constructions motivate extended senses of this word, thereby contributing to its polysemy and ultimately to semantic change. The evidence presented within this framework argues against a fixed borderline between lexical and constructional meaning. This view, long and tacitly adopted in lexicographic practice by necessity, is gaining further support within current research in the framework of lexicography (Fillmore 2008; Hanks 2008), corpus linguistics (Fellbaum 2007), lexical semantics (Taylor et al. 2003), language change (Bybee 2006a), and construction grammar (Boas 2008).
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Cacchiani, Silvia. "Ostermann, C. (2015). Cognitive Lexicography: A new approach to lexicography making use of cognitive semantics." Specialised Translation in Spain 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.00011.cac.
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Dalpanagioti, Thomai. "Frame-semantic issues in building a bilingual lexicographic resource." Constructions and Frames 5, no. 1 (August 5, 2013): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.5.1.01dal.
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This paper discusses the issues that emerged from applying frame semantics to the development of a small-scale bilingual database for Greek and English motion verbs. Proposing an alternative to current lexicography in Greece, the database exploits available corpora and query systems, and carries out a (manual) frame-semantic analysis of the extracted data. The most important theoretical implication of the database is that by combining frame semantics with conceptual metaphor theory and corpus-based information on usage patterns, we can make precise (monolingual) descriptions and effective (cross-linguistic) comparisons. From a practical perspective, the database complements existing English FrameNet and contributes to the creation of a new resource, i.e. a FrameNet for Greek.
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Carballido, Xurxo Fernández. "ABOUT DIDACTIC BOUNDARIES OF SPANISH-PORTUGUESE FALSE FRIENDS." Diacrítica 32, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/diacritica.450.
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The so-called false friends are a very frequent question in the works on the relationship between Portuguese and Spanish language. The possible approaches change according to the interests and the focus: lexicography, lexicography, semantics, traductology or foreign languages teaching. This article aims to be a contribution but it does not want to compile or classify false friends, but to establish some limits on the educational use of false friends.
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Criscuolo, Alfredo. "Note di lessicografia mandaica: l’espressione dell’afflizione." Annali Sezione Orientale 78, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2018): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24685631-12340049.
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Abstract The lexical material handed down in the Mandaic literature is the result of composite and stratified processes that make its analysis difficult, especially as regards etymologies and semantics. The most valuable reference tool in Mandaic lexicography (Drower, Macuch 1963) is not more conform to the modern needs of Aramaic lexicography. The present article is a first attempt of analysis in the lexicographical field of grief and pain in Classical Mandaic.
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Uzeneva, Elena. "Kinship Terminology in the Bulgarian Language: New Approaches to the Study." Slavic World in the Third Millennium 13, no. 3-4 (2018): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2412-6446.2018.3-4.3.02.
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The monograph of the Bulgarian researcher Tsv. Georgieva “The family and kinship names in the Bulgarian language (semantics and lexicography)”. Sofi a, 2016. 213 s. is reviewed. A detailed analysis of the lexical semantics of more than 1200 common, as well as dialect and outdated kinship terms, extracted from various Bulgarian dictionaries, is given.
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Dolezal, Fredric. "Semantics and Lexicography: Selected Studies (1976-1996) (review)." Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America 22, no. 1 (2001): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dic.2001.0013.
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Ivanov, Andrey Vladimirovich, and Rimma Anvarovna Ivanova. "Four centuries of German “happiness” in lexicographers’ interpretations." SHS Web of Conferences 122 (2021): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112201005.
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The article deals with the concept of “happiness”, represented and interpreted through lexicography. The objective of the study is to try to compare the perspectives of researchers on the origin of the word Glück, trace the development of its semantics from one generalized meaning to a set of meanings reflecting the evolution of human ideas about happiness, and identify ways of representing these ideas by lexicographic means. The authors use the methods of historical linguistic, comparative-contrastive, etymological, definitional and semantic analysis. The object of the study is German dictionaries and lexicons published from 1513 to 1888. It has been established that the concept of “happiness”, represented in the German vocabulary by the lexeme Glück, has transformed over four centuries along with the growth of people’s material and spiritual needs against the background of the gradual humanization of public life. This has led to the complication of the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück which objectifies this concept. The representation of the Glück lexeme in dictionaries dating back to the early 16th – mid-18th centuries is laconic, due to the type of dictionaries (nomenclatures, translation dictionaries) that did not feature detailed comments on the repertoire of meanings that the desired lexeme possessed. The main elements of the semantic structure of the lexeme are ‘(temporary) prosperity’, ‘bliss’, ‘luck’, ‘destiny (fate)’. The analysis of the interpretation of happiness in the mid-18th century – late 19th century allows one to make a conclusion about the complication of the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück due to a philosophical reinterpretation of this concept and its integrated conveyance by appropriate lexicographic means. The etymology of the word Glück remains unclear. It is assumed that the word appeared in the 13th century and retained a neutral meaning until the end of the Middle High German period when the positive connotation began to prevail in the semantics of the word.
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Tokarev, Grigoriy. "Semantic and Pragmatic Parameters of Quasi-Symbols Description (Based on the Example of the Cultural Fetish Code)." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 3 (51) (November 2, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2020-51-3-81-92.
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The article considers one of the units forming the linguistic and cultural
level ‒ a quasi-symbol, which denotes ideas in an imperative form. The differential
feature of the quasi-symbol is the fact that it encourages certain actions; it
models the interpretant’s behavior. This unit is characterized by vivid imagery
and it may include an evaluative and emotive component in its meaning. The
semantics of the quasi-symbol is characterized by multiple layers. The article
discusses and tests the parameters of lexicography of the quasi-symbol using the
example of units characterizing the cultural fetish code.
The main research method is linguistic and cultural interpretation,
which consists in interpreting the semantics of a unit, characterizing its pragmatic
properties in cultural categories. The study finds that the names of symbols
and quasi-symbols can coincide formally. The semantics of the quasisymbol
may differ significantly from the meaning of the correlating symbol. It is shown that the functional specificity of the name acting as a cultural symbol is unambiguous: a unit performs one cultural function. The basis for forming a symbolic meaning is the observation of the object usage and its properties. The article proves that the quasi-symbol can have a more complex semantic
structure in comparison with the correlating symbol represented by the
object. The main intentions of quasi-symbols include a statement of the situation, assessment, and warning. The paper determines the parameters sufficient for lexicography of the quasi-symbol such as significative content, an interpretant, the basis for the formation of a symbolic meaning, intentionality and features of functioning.
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Shchetinina, A. V. "Lexicography of New Words with the Semantics of Unity and Enmity." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 3 (March 27, 2021): 139–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-3-139-155.
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The question of the lexicographic description of new words that appeared in the Russian in the period from 2000 to 2020, the thematic groups “Unity” and “Enmity” is considered. A prospectus of an explanatory dictionary of neologisms is presented, namely: the principles of selecting nominations for registration, the structure of a dictionary entry, the rules for describing a lexical unit. It is noted that linguistic facts are registered, in the meanings of which the semes of unity and enmity are contained in the denotative part of the meaning, and words, the semantics of which is determined by the evaluative attitude of the speakers, are not recorded. The inclusion of new linguistic units in the dictionary is substantiated due to their absence in other lexicographic sources or a description in a smaller volume than is planned in the source being created. It is pointed out that the leading principles of registering new words in the dictionary being created are the activity of their use, the integrity of the description and the attitude towards the reflection of the linguistic worldview. Using the example of neologisms of different parts of speech, the structure of a dictionary entry is described, which includes, in addition to the heading word and meaning, grammatical and stylistic characteristics, information about the origin and valence, illustrative material demonstrating variants of use in speech, equivalent lexical units, antonyms and derivatives.
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Nuckolls, Janis B., Tod D. Swanson, Diana Shelton, Alexander Rice, and Sarah Hatton. "Lexicography in-your-face: The active semantics of Pastaza Quichua ideophones." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 62, no. 2 (April 3, 2017): 154–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2017.9.
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AbstractWe argue that a multimodal approach to defining a depictive class of words called ‘ideophones’ by linguists is essential for grasping their meanings. Our argument for this approach is based on the formal properties of Pastaza Quichua ideophones, which set them apart from the non-ideophonic lexicon, and on the cultural assumptions brought by speakers to their use. We analyze deficiencies in past attempts to define this language's ideophones, which have used only audio data. We offer, instead, an audiovisual corpus which we call an ‘antidictionary’, because it defines words not with other words, but with clips featuring actual contexts of use. The major discovery revealed by studying these clips is that ideophones’ meanings can be clarified by means of a distinction found in modality and American Sign Language studies. This distinction between speaker-internal and speaker-external perspective is evident in the intonational and gestural details of ideophones’ use.
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Yushkova, L. A. "PROBLEMS OF LEXICOGRAPHY OF EURYSEMIC LEXES (using the example of German colloquial verb units with the hincomponent)." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 6 (December 11, 2020): 968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-6-968-975.
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The article is devoted to the problem of lexicographic codification of German eurysemic verb lexes. Causes of semantic insufficiency are analyzed when describing the meaning of wide-valued units. The article deals in detail with German verb units with the preverbal component hin-, belonging to the conceptual area of "modality of action" and characterized by a wide reference correlation. By the contextual analysis of the concordances of the representative electronic corpus of DWDS-Corpus, the article reveals contextually conditional elements of the semantics of verb units, on the basis of which usual semantic variants not reflected in dictionary definitions are formulated, common to several or all lexemes of this group, as well as usual variants of individual lexemes.
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Subbiondo, Joseph L. "Lexicography and the Evolution of Consciousness." Historiographia Linguistica 30, no. 3 (December 31, 2003): 407–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.30.3.07sub.
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Summary Owen Barfield (1898–1997), a cultural critic and historian, has been appreciated by literary scholars and artists including C. S. Lewis, T. S. Eliot, and W. H. Auden, but he has been relatively unnoticed by linguists despite the fact that he advanced a thoughtfully reasoned and documented theory of language history throughout his many writings. In his theory of etymological semantics, Barfield asserted that the etymology of words reveals an evolution of human consciousness. Barfield’s relationship between language and consciousness is significant to the history of linguistics because he not only described what changed in a language’s history, but he also explained why it changed. In his seminal History in English Words (1926), a book written at the beginning of his nearly 70-year career as a scholar and writer, Barfield initially presented his theory with examples from the history of English beginning with its origins in Indo-European. This theory became a central and unifying theme in all of his work – a theory which he refined and expanded in many later writings, especially in Poetic Diction (1928), Speaker’s Meaning (1967), and History, Guilt, and Habit (1979).
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Mamontov, Аleksandr, Vera Boguslavskaya, Ekaterina Budnik, Albertina Ratnikova, and Trinh Ngoc. "Axiological Linguistics and Nationally Oriented Lexicography: Experience of Interaction (On the Material of Russian-Vietnamese Comparisons)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2021): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.1.8.
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The article touches upon the issues of theoretical and applied nature and reflects the essence of two adjacent linguistic scientific disciplines interaction, each studying the phenomenon of values that influence the formation of speech, behavioural and the communicative competence of a person. The authors consider this interaction future implementation in a unique lexicographic source designed to optimize the process of learning a language as a means of intercultural communication. Thus, authors are talking about a future dictionary, called "linguistic and cultura" and introducing the cultural component of the semantics of the units included in its vocabulary. The methodology for creating the concept of a dictionary is based on the analysis of the linguo-cognitive value system, where the concepts accentuate phenomenon, which allows one to explicate the specifics of the ethnic consciousness of a non-lingual culture representative. As examples of considering the semantic content, the authors offer the values as "love" and "labour", which are included in the primary system of values of the native speakers of the Russian language and culture. A strategy for the study of interaction of two related scientific disciplines was introduced: axiological linguistics and educational lexicography enable the creation of a new type of dictionary – a nationally oriented linguistic and cultural dictionary for the Vietnamese audience studying Russian as a means of intercultural communication. The article describes the experimental procedure, which is based on the theoretical and methodological framework. The analysis of the results obtained, revealed the specificity of the value orientations of the compared linguocultures. The research data relevance to educational lexicography theoretical and applied aspects is established. The contrasted research material, represented in the article, corresponds to the goals and objectives of the nationally oriented study.
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Atkins, B. T. S. "Analyzing the Verbs of Seeing: A Frame Semantics Approach to Corpus Lexicography." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 20, no. 1 (October 25, 1994): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v20i1.1440.
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Ivanov, Andrey, and Rimma Ivanova. "Lexeme Glück in German Dictionaries of the 16th — 19th Centuries: Lexicographic Representation and Interpretation of Its Conceptual Content." Nizhny Novgorod Linguistics University Bulletin, no. 53 (March 31, 2021): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47388/2072-3490/lunn2021-53-1-9-22.
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The article discusses the concept “happiness” as represented and interpreted in lexicography. The aim of the study is to compare existing theories about the origin of the word Glück, to trace the development of its semantics from one generalized meaning to a set of meanings that reflects a gradual evolution of people’s ideas about happiness, and to identify ways of representing these ideas by lexicographic means. Using methods of historical-linguistic, compara-tive, etymological, definitional, and semantic analysis, the authors examine German dictionaries and lexicons published in the period from 1513 to 1888 and establish that in those four centuries the concept “happiness,” represented in the German vocabulary by the lexeme Glück, underwent significant transformation, as material and spiritual needs of people kept changing against the background of gradual humanization of their social life, which, in its turn, led to added complexity in the semantic structure of the lexeme Glück that embodies this concept. Descriptions of the lexeme Glück in dictionaries dating from the beginning of the 16th to mid-18th century are very concise due to the type of these dictionaries (nomenclators, translated dictionaries) and do not involve detailed comments on the full range of meanings that the lexeme had. The main elements of the semantic structure of the lexeme are ‘(temporary) well-being,’ ‘bliss,’ ‘luc ,’ and ‘fortune (fate)’ (glu c fall, glu c elig eit, wol tand, zeit-liche Wolfart). Analyzing interpretations of the lexeme Glück in the mid-18th — late 19th century dictionaries, the authors conclude that the semantic structure of the lexeme became more complicated due to philosophical rethinking of the concept and its integrated dissemination through dictionaries. The etymology of the word Glüc is still unclear. It is assumed that the word appeared in the 13th century and retained a neutral meaning until the end of the Middle High German period when a positive connotation began to prevail in the semantics of the word.
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Гуцуляк, Т. Є. "Figurative derivational structure of mono- and polysemantic derivates as the subject of lexicography." Studia Philologica, no. 10 (2018): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2311-2425.2018.10.1.
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In the system of figurative means of the Ukrainian language, the derivative lexical units, which were formed on the basis of figurative motivational relations, occupy a significant place. An important role in the recording and preservation of such figurative derivatives in the lexical-semantic system of the Ukrainian language is given to lexicographic works of an interpretive type. Dictionary definitions are important for establishing formal-semantic links of derivative units with their motivational basis and for defining motivational features. However, lexicographic interpretations are not always informative enough, but sometimes too generalized, which complicates the interpretation of figurative content of lexical units. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed work provides an analysis of the problematic issues of the present lexicographic practice of describing the semantic structure of morphological derivatives with a figurativelymetaphorical internal form and outlining the ways of their solution. The subject of the study is the following mono- and polysemantic units of the Ukrainian language, which, according to their structural and semantic features, belong to the derivatives from the subjective adjectives and contain sememes with figurative meaning. In the article on the example of separate adjectives the attention is focused on the need to take into account the vocabulary definitions of the peculiarities of the motivational traits that influenced the morphological structure and the semantic structure of the derivative word. This will help to provide a holistic understanding of the sign, called figurative derivative, given the possibility of implementing various aspects of the motivational semantics. Among the problematic issues of lexicographic practice, the formulation of vocabulary definitions for derivatives from the subjective adjectives is considered and the need to consider the ability of the nounmotivator to form not only relative (or possessively relative) adjectives, but also qualitative ones. It is suggested that the value of qualitative sign be fixed as independent lexico-semantic variants (LSV), since they often arise as a result of word-forming processes and testify to other semantic ties with the creators’ base.
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Maklakova, Elena A. "On the question of experimental description semantics of language units." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2022-52-2-53-64.
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The article discusses the levels of description of the meaning of a word, among which a psycholinguistic description is singled out, made on the basis of the results of psycholinguistic experiments. The author points out the merits and advantages of the experimental technique, dwelling on the essential points of its application. The psycholinguistic meaning of a word is described as a set of semantic components identified through special processing of experimental results, which are the reactions of native speakers to stimulus words as a reflection of their linguistic consciousness. On specific examples, the article shows the methods of sememе and seme interpretation of the linguistic material obtained in the course of psycholinguistic experiments. The possibilities of this technique are considered and theoretically substantiated when fixing the connotative macro-component of the meaning. The necessity of a comprehensive integrated approach to the description of the semantics of a word, including a generalized lexicographic description, the results of contextual analysis and psycholinguistic experiments, is emphasized. In this case, much attention should be paid to the field approach to the semantic structure of word meanings, since in traditional explanatory dictionaries the arrangement of word meanings does not always correspond to the semantic core-periphery principle. Accounting for quantitative indicators that mark the brightness and, accordingly, a high level of communicative relevance of the associative reactions of the participants in the experiments, is essential for the implementation of the field structuring of semantemes and sememes. The article notes the invaluable contribution of the scientific and theoretical school of Voronezh State University in the field of general and Russian linguistics and personally I.A. Sternin in the development of the theoretical foundations of the psycholinguistic description of the meaning of the word. This direction has been applied in the form of a whole series of “Psycholinguistic explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language” published under the editorship and with the direct participation of the well-known linguist, which contributes to the further progress of psycholinguistic lexicography.
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Kitanina, E. A., and D. S. Trukhanova. "Semantic Transformations of Word bomb and Its Derivatives as a Reflection of Shifts in the Linguistic Picture of World." Nauchnyy Dialog, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-4-74-86.
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The authors determine their values on the basis of the analysis of a wide range of lexicographic sources and the most frequency contexts for the use of the units in question, extracted from texts functioning in real and virtual communication. In addition, the authors turn to sociolinguistic research methods. It is shown that individual units and new meanings are poorly represented in lexicography. Cases of transformation of the connotative halo of the words under consideration are noted. It is shown that the analyzed units are characterized by diffuse semantics, wide compatibility and expressiveness, which determines their high pragmatic potential and, as a result, the high frequency of use in media texts. The authors devote considerable attention to the question of the possible reasons for the development of new semantics among the derivatives of the word bomb , considering them as a result of the influence of Anglo-American linguistic culture. Questions on the perception of new tokens by native speakers and the advisability of using these language units in different communicative situations are also raised. The analysis allows us to identify some trends in the transformation of the Russian linguistic picture of the world in the context of global processes that affect the development of Russian linguistic culture.
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Ndlovu, Sambulo. "S'ncamtho Lexico-semantics and the Isichazamazwi sesiNdebele (ISN): Implications for Lexicography and Standardisation." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 1605. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0812.05.
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S'ncamtho is an urban youth variety which uses Zimbabwean Ndebele as its matrix language. The youth language has had influences on the Ndebele language over time. This article argues that Ndebele benefits from S'ncamtho, its urban youth variety in terms of vocabulary although efforts at linguistic purism often moderate this contribution. The article avers that S'ncamtho terminology creates synonyms and polysemy in some cases whereby S'ncamtho lexis become as popular as the Ndebele counterpart and in some cases the S'ncamtho lexemes are more popular. The article goes on to evaluate the treatment of popular S'ncamtho terminology in the only Ndebele monolingual dictionary Isichazamazwi seSiNdebele (ISN) and gives recommendations on standardising some S'ncamtho terminology in Ndebele. The article is motivated in part by the debate that arose after the S'ncamtho term for prostitute umahotsha was included in a grade seven (primary school) examination. However, looking closely at S'ncamtho and Ndebele it is not linguistically and socially possible for S'ncamtho and Ndebele to share space and speakers and remain independent of each other’s influences on the other.
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Gudkov, D. B. "Archaic Novelty: New Phraseological Units of Russian Youth Slang." Professor’s Journal. Series: Russian and Literature: studying and teaching 3 (December 21, 2021): 2–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2687-0339-2021-3-2-8.
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The article considers the figurative basis of new phraseological units of the Russian language, which are actively represented in youth slang, but, despite their wide distribution, have not yet been reflected in the “classical” lexicography. It is noted that these units are particularly difficult for foreign speakers studying Russian. Within the framework of the linguoculturological approach, the traditional Russian cultural codes on which the semantics of these phraseological units are based are distinguished.
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Hanifah, Niken Nur. "The Origin of Arabic Lexicography: Its Emergence and Evolution." HuRuf Journal : International Journal of Arabic Applied Linguistic 1, no. 2 (January 5, 2022): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/huruf.v1i2.4932.
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<p><em>This study aims to identify and describe 1) the history of the emergence and evolution of Arabic lexicography, 2) the implications of Arabic lexicography for learning Arabic. This research is a historical study using a qualitative approach with library research methods and documentation techniques. The data analysis used in this research is descriptive qualitative analysis. The results of the analysis show that 1) the emergence of al fikr al mu'jamiy was based on the difficulty of Arabs in understanding the meanings contained in the Qur'an which was named as gha>ri>bu al Quran, during this evolution period of Arabic lexicography gave an impact again</em><em>s</em><em>t the emergence of variations of the Arabic lexicon and entry systems with its characteristics one each other. This variety is the pure thought and innovation by lexicologists at that time in order to find the most appropriate method and system to codify Arabic vocabulary to make the Arabic lexicon provide an umbrella </em><em>that </em><em>can protect the purity and sustainability of the Arabic language from the challenges, 2) Arabic lexicography has a big impact in learning Arabic in the fields of morphology, syntax, and semantics which are language subsystems. </em></p>
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Boas, Hans C., Benjamin Lyngfelt, and Tiago Timponi Torrent. "Framing constructicography." Lexicographica 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 41–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2019-0002.
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Abstract Constructicography can be defined as a blend between Construction Grammar and Practical Lexicography, which aims at developing constructicons: repositories of form and function pairings in a language. In this paper, we present a comprehensive overview of this emerging field by (i) tracking the origins of both Frame Semantics and Construction Grammar and the repercussions of their intertwined developments to Computational Lexicography and Constructicography; (ii) comparing the impacts of the different degrees of interconnection between constructicons and framenets and (iii) discussing the possible applications of these resources. Also, we argue that Constructicography, while obviously building on the accumulated knowledge compiled by numerous Construction Grammar approaches to language, also contributes to its mother theory, since the effort to build coherent formalized computational resources forces constructionist analysis to go beyond describing families of constructions into the enterprise of describing a coherent construction grammar of a language.
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Djonda, Ubaldus, and Angelita R. Mendoza. "Linguistic Analysis of Trademarks of Selected Buffet Restaurants in SM Mall of Asia, Manila." Soshum: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 12, no. 3 (November 30, 2022): 300–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v12i3.300-313.
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Trademarks are important for business establishments because they express the origin and quality of the companies, but it is not always easy to know and employ linguistic elements to craft good trademarks. Thus, to see the linguistic characteristics and strength of trademarks, the study has an objective to examine the trademarks of selected buffet restaurants at SM Mall of Asia, in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. The data were taken from nine buffet restaurants. The analysis was done by referring to Shuy’s (2002) linguistic tools and Butters’ (2010) framework. The findings reveal that the linguistic characteristics mainly used by the buffet restaurants were lexicography, phonetics, morphology, and semantics. In terms of lexicography, most trademarks have their etymological meaning and historical development in the dictionaries, except Charaptor and Yakimix, which are coined words. In phonetics, the trademarks have phonetic characteristics of 1-3 syllables. Then the morphological analysis shows that the trademarks consist of noun phrases, affixation, and word formation (clipping). In semantics, five trademarks do not have synonyms and polysemy; three have synonyms, and two have polysemy. In terms of strength, the trademarks were classified from the weak to the strongest as follows: Buffet 101 (descriptive); Cabalen, La Fiesta, Oceana (suggestive); Four Seasons, Vikings (arbitrary); and Charaptor, GEN, Yakimix (fanciful). The findings imply that business owners need to create their companies’ trademarks in arbitrary or fanciful categories.
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Zainudin, Intan Safinaz, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, and Khairul Taufiq Abu Bakar. "The Use of Corpus and Frame Semantics in a Lexicography Class: Evaluating Dictionary Entries." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 116 (February 2014): 2316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.566.
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Kisiel, Anna. "How to analyze contextuality of metatextual language units? Notes on the relation: TRS – particle semantics." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 11 (November 24, 2015): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2011.018.
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How to analyze contextuality of metatextual language units? Notes on the relation: TRS – particle semanticsThe presented article is devoted to further (after Kisiel 2010) discussion about contextuality of metatextual language units, especially particles. Having selected contextual particles as an example, the author shows how specific structuralisation of TRS is strictly connected with particle meaning. The observation leads to the conclusion that examination of TRS cannot be avoided when analysing particles. Untangling particles meaning has to be based on describing the TRS they work on. Such a procedure has been only recently applied to Polish lexicography.
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Stasiūnaitė, Ieva. "The semantics of spatial prepositions: the main trends of research." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 8 (January 16, 2017): 188–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/tk.2016.17511.
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The paper overviews the main trends of research into the semantics of spatial prepositions, as demonstrated by a plethora of papers on linguistic data from a variety of languages. The more traditional approach focuses on the locative meaning with respect to other words—both syntagmatically and in paradigms, thus ruling out pragmatics—and considers multiple senses of the same preposition to be arbitrary. In contrast, the modern framework employs the principles of cognitive linguistics for semantic analysis, highlighting the conceptual structuring of entities or relations in extralinguistic reality. On the basis of geometric, functional, and other relations between the figure and the ground, it attempts to explicate not only prepositional synonymy, but also extensive polysemy as a form of categorisation. As a consequence, the distinct meanings of a preposition are considered to be related, deriving either from the prototypical sense or any other sense which is related to it, and arranged in a network. The modern line of investigation may provide more possibilities for researchers interested in one language and/or in cross-linguistic studies, thus contributing to the development of lexicography, translation, and other fields of applied linguistics.
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Wierzbicka, Anna. "A semantic metalanguage for a crosscultural comparison of speech acts and speech genres." Language in Society 14, no. 4 (December 1985): 491–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500011489.
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ABSTRACTThis paper discusses a number of speech acts and speech genres from English, Polish, and Japanese, approaching them through the words which name them. It is claimed that folk names of speech acts and speech genres are culture-specific and provide an important source of insight into communicative routines most characteristic of a given society; and that to fully exploit this source one must carry Out a rigorous semantic analysis of such names and express the results of this analysis in a culture-independent semantic metalanguage. The author proposes such a metalanguage and illustrates her approach with numerous detailed semantic analyses. She suggests that analyses of speech acts and speech genres carried out in terms of English folk labels are ethnocentric and unsuitable for crosscultural comparison. She tries to show how folk labels of speech acts and speech genres characteristic of a given language reflect salient features of the culture associated with that language, and how the use of the proposed semantic metalanguage, derived from natural language, helps to achieve the desired double goal of insight and rigor in this area of study. (Speech acts, speech genres, semantics, lexicography, language and culture)
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Collins, John N. "Theology of Ministry in the Twentieth Century: Ongoing Problems or New Orientations?" Ecclesiology 8, no. 1 (2012): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174553112x619744.
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The first World Missionary Conference in Edinburgh in 1910 unwittingly provided strong impetus to unprecedented endeavours to establish an ecumenically agreed theology of ministry. Between the first Faith and Order Conference in 1927 and the Fourth in 1963 an ecclesiological revolution occurred. Its distinguishing achievement was to locate the gift of ministry not in ordination or its equivalent but in baptism. This principle was established on the basis of the New Testament term for ministry, diakonia, understood as a total giving of self in service to others. Consensus to this effect developed around the work of Karl Barth, Eduard Schweizer and Ernst Käsemann, but in ecumenical circles strong tensions developed about the implications for ordained ministry. The linguistic study of 1990 Diakonia: Re-interpreting the Ancient Sources challenged the semantics underlying the consensus and provided a new semantic profile for an understanding of ecclesial ministry. The re-interpretation has been endorsed by subsequent lexicography and by Anni Hentschel's semantic investigation (2007). Theology of ministry in the twenty-first century has the opportunity to enrich the ministry with which the church is provisioned.
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Kostadinova, Viktorija, Nuria Yáñez-Bouza, Gea Dreschler, Sune Gregersen, Beáta Gyuris, Kathryn Allan, Maggie Scott, et al. "I English Language." Year's Work in English Studies 98, no. 1 (2019): 1–166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ywes/maz004.
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Abstract This chapter has fourteen sections: 1. General; 2. History of English Linguistics; 3. Phonetics and Phonology (not covered this year); 4. Morphology; 5. Syntax; 6. Semantics; 7. Lexicography, Lexicology, and Lexical Semantics; 8. Onomastics; 9. Dialectology and Sociolinguistics; 10. New Englishes and Creolistics; 11. Second Language Acquisition. 12. English as a Lingua Franca; 13. Pragmatics and Discourse. 14. Stylistics. Section 1 is by Viktorija Kostadinova; section 2 is by Nuria Yáñez-Bouza; sections 4 and 5 are by Gea Dreschler and Sune Gregersen; section 6 is by Beáta Gyuris; section 7 is by Kathryn Allan; section 8 is by Maggie Scott; section 9 is by Lieselotte Anderwald; section 10 is by Sven Leuckert; section 11 is by Tihana Kraš; section 12 is by Tian Gan, Ida Parise, Sum Pok Ting, Juliana Souza da Silva and Alessia Cogo; section 13 is by Beke Hansen; section 14 is by Jessica Norledge.
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Wang, Yanwei. "Book Review." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 2 (July 2021): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.20210701.oa5.
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The significance of Patterson's work Understanding Metaphor Through Corpora: A Case Study of Metaphors in Nineteenth Century Writing is that only through corpus linguistics have we been able to apply real empirical evidence to our arguments of what metaphor is. By demonstrating that metaphor is supposed to be approached from a linguistic perspective along with a psycholinguistic one, Patterson succeeds in drawing readers' attention to the efficacy and the benefits of combining corpus linguistic methodology with the theory of lexical priming. Thus, the volume is an essential reader for students and researchers in corpus linguistics, metaphor studies, lexicography, semantics, and pragmatics.
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Pravednikov, Sergey Pavlovich. "Linguofolcloristics in the scientific space of humanities and university curriculum." Professor’s Journal. Series: Russian and Literature: studying and teaching 4(8) (January 12, 2022): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2687-0339-2021-4-42-45.
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Linguofolcloristics occupies an important place in the research activities of the Russian Language Department of Kursk State University. The article characterizes the main directions in which Kursk researchers work: identifying the linguistic originality of various folklore genres, studying the semantics of the folk poetic word, solving problems of folklore lexicology, dialectology and lexicography, cross-cultural analysis of folklore works of different peoples, etc. The innovative nature of the research carried out in integrated, methodological and methodical approaches to oral and poetic speech is noted. The role of linvofolcloristics as an academic discipline in the process of educating a modern citizen is emphasized.
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Fabian, Myroslava. "SEMANTIC SPECIFICITY OF ADJECTIVES DENOTING A SUCCESSFUL PERSON /THING IN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2021, no. 32 (2021): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2021-32-12.
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Comparative studies fascinate scholars working in various branches of human activity. In linguistics, onlycomparison helps find out both common and distinctive features of the languages and trace their interconnections as well as specificity. The present paper deals with the comparative research of two distantly related languages - English and Ukrainian - on the material of adjectives denoting a successful person/thing. The topic in question is relevant and contributes to further studies of lexical and comparative semantics, cross-language and crosscultural communication, lexicography, etc. The adjectives in question occupy significant places in the vocabulary of the languages under study. The concept of success belongs to basic social and cultural values and is studied in philosophy, sociology, psychology, linguistics and other sciences. Having introduced the methodology of formalized analysis of lexical semantics, one of the requirements of which is a formal criterion – belonging of the lexical units to one part of speech – the author of this paper collected, analyzed and classified the obtained language material from lexicographical sources. Depending on the degree of polysemy, three groups in English and two in Ukrainian have been formed. Each of them possesses its own features alongside with their common characteristics. Comparative research of the definite fragment of lexis resulted in in-depth analysis of its system and structural organization, semantic specificity, both common and distinctive featuresas well as its representation in corresponding language and culture bearers’ consciousness.
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Rajab Jafarli, Rajab Jafarli. "LEXICAL FEATURES OF BRITISH SLANG AND DESCRIPTION OF ITS WORD FORMATION." PIRETC-Proceeding of The International Research Education & Training Centre 20, no. 03 (September 17, 2022): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/piretc20032022-26.
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Clarification of all aspects of the social differentiation of language is one of the urgent problems of modern linguistics. An in-depth study of this problem is especially important in terms of clearly showing the direction of language development and its causes, revealing the relationship between people's living conditions and language options. British slang needs to be studied in terms of studying the specifics of linguistic, cultural and social groups. Opinions on the classification, analysis, lexical and semantic features of slang in linguistic researches are different. The research topic is approached from the point of view of lexical-semantic linguistics and lexical factors influencing its development are noted. The main goal of the article is to identify the lexical features of modern British slang and for this purpose, examples from English literature, dictionaries, and articles in periodicals were selected. The article can be useful in the in the teaching of lexicology courses and in the preparation of lectures on lexicography. The lexical features and word formation of slang were researched with the use of general scientific methods, descriptive, linguistic analysis, and historical-comparative research methods in the article. Keywords: Slang, semantics, stereotype, informal layer, marginal, grammatical canons.
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Mamontov, Alexander, Enkhtuyaa Tsedendorzhiyn, and Vera Boguslavskaya. "Linguistic and Country Studies Learner’s Dictionary for Mongolian Citizens: Specifics of Presenting the Material." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 1 (April 2019): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.1.6.
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The article is devoted to the principles of nationally oriented lexicography - a new direction in Russian studies. Using the example of nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner's dictionary project, the paper shows that it can be created on the basis of the Russian linguistic and country studies dictionary by adding Mongolian material to its content and by comparing lexical backgrounds of the same culture-specific concepts in two linguistic cultures. The purpose of the nationally oriented linguistic and country studies learner's dictionary – the explication of the cultural component of the language unit semantics, taking into account the specifics of the national culture and the language of the addressee at the same time and taking into account the stage of learning – is reflected in the content and structure of the dictionary in general and dictionary entries in particular. Selecting nominative units and providing vocabulary objectivity are determined by the addressee's communicative needs. The author uses the methods of semantization of lexical units adopted in educational lexicography and determined by the specifics of both the material and the addresse. The paper provides the characteristics of techniques that ensure compliance with the proportions in using target and native languages. The draft dictionary presented in the article is able to serve as a "starting point" in creating a new type of dictionaries and further developing fundamentals of the theory of nationally oriented educational linguistic and cultural lexicography in relation to the needs of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the absence of the language environment.
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Tverdokhleb, Olga G. "Specific Ways of Ironic Interpretation of Anthroponyms in Aphorisms." Vestnik slavianskikh kul’tur [Bulletin of Slavic Cultures] 65 (2022): 234–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37816/2073-9567-2022-65-234-246.
Full textAbstract:
The paper aims to describe the ways of interpreting anthroponyms in aphorisms constructed as a definition and similar in structure to a dictionary article. The study reveals that in aphorisms-definitions, frequency anthroponyms (individual proper names), which are not included in the dictionaries of explanatory dictionaries, are used as heading units. A large illustrative material shows that within the explanatory part of the aphoristic definitions for the characteristic of anthroponyms, non-traditional ways of interpretation for lexicography are actively used. The author suggests a classification of methods of naive interpretations of anthroponyms depending on the semantics of the main word in the explanatory part: a) false-hieronymic; b) evaluative; c) hyponymic; d) repetitive-distinctive; e) formal-signal. The compositional and syntactic organization of the explanatory part is complicated by detailed definitions, which are expressed by different grammatical means; they are located in pre-and post-position in relation to the main word of the explanatory part; they add additional meaning, emotional tension and reflect the author's position. The results obtained may be of interest to specialists dealing with the issues of aphorism, onomastics and lexicography.