Dissertations / Theses: 'Lexicography and semantics'

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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "O tratamento lexicográfico de vocábulos de cores na perspectiva da semântica cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32830.

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As definições de cores encontradas nos dicionários semasiológicos do português estão passíveis a uma série de críticas. A análise dos verbetes de cores dos dicionários AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001) e AnMS (1813) revelou que nenhuma destas obras apresentam verbetes de cores satisfatórios no que diz respeito à elucidação do significado de uma cor. Além disso, foi constatado que poucas foram as modificações sofridas nas definições de cores das obras do século XXI quando comparadas à obra do século XIX. O fato de os verbetes de cores dos dias atuais apresentarem falhas semelhantes às dos verbetes de cores de obras editadas há quase 200 anos parece indicar uma lacuna nos estudos lexicográficos que trate das cores nos dicionários. O presente trabalho se dispõe a discutir e tentar preencher esta lacuna. Para tanto, se procurou estabelecer uma relação entre os problemas encontrados nos verbetes de cores e a teoria lexicográfica, a fim de explicar o problema e, se possível, solucioná-lo. A partir dessa primeira análise, foi constatado que os verbetes de cores precisavam ser reestruturados. Para tanto, foi necessário estabelecer parâmetros que elencassem os segmentos informativos realmente necessários em um verbete de cor, para depois, se pensar em reelaborar estes segmentos. Os segmentos informativos reestruturados foram as paráfrases explanatórias e os exemplos, e esta reestruturação se deu com base nos postulados da Semântica Cognitiva. A visão prototípica de categorização, bem como a noção de corporeidade e de experiencialismo trazidas pela Semântica Cognitiva foram bastante proveitosas na discussão a respeito do fenômeno cromático no âmbito da Lexicografia. Através da relação entre teorias lexicográficas e a Semântica Cognitiva, chegou-se à conclusão de que as paráfrases de cores simples devem ser do tipo paráfrase explanatória analítica por metalinguagem do signo extensional e contarem com exemplares universais de cor no seu viés extensional para elucidar a cor. Em relação aos exemplos, eles devem estar alicerçados em padrões sintáticos curtos e frases de construções simples, além de contarem com exemplares prototípicos culturalmente situados das categorias de cor. Em complementação a isto, as cores simples devem contar com o mecanismo de substituição ostensiva, localizado nos textos externos do dicionário, que traga uma gravura da cor definida. A gravura oferecida pelo dicionário deve corresponder à elucidação de uma categoria inteira de cor, em conformidade com os postulados da Semântica Cognitiva sobre categorias prototípicas. Em relação às cores complexas, a Teoria da Mesclagem Conceitual aponta que este tipo de cor não necessita de uma definição, uma vez que seu significado é construído através da decodificação do próprio vocábulo. A proposta oferecida para as cores complexas é que o dicionário faça uma remissão para a cor simples da qual a cor complexa deriva e localize, dentro da categoria de cor simples, a zona correspondente à cor complexa. O desenvolvimento do presente estudo levou à conclusão de que o planejamento e reestruturação dos três segmentos informativos aqui elencados (paráfrase explanatória, exemplos e elementos iconográficos) permite a elaboração de definições mais satisfatórias para vocábulos de cores em dicionários semasiológicos.
Color definitions in Portuguese semasiological dictionaries are subject to much criticism. The analysis of color entries in AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001), and AnMS (1813) revealed that none of these dictionaries have satisfactory entries when it comes to elucidating the meaning of colors. Moreover, it was observed that color definitions are quite similar when 21th century dictionaries and a 19th century dictionary are contrasted. Finding the same problems in color definitions of current and old dictionaries may indicate a gap in lexicographic studies concerning colors. This thesis aims to discuss and fill this gap. To do so, we tried to relate problems found in color entries to lexicographical theories, in order to explain these problems and, if possible, to solve them. This first analysis led us to conclude that color entries should be restructured. So it was necessary to set parameters, which could establish necessary informative segments to a color entry, and then restructure them. The restructured informative segments were explanatory paraphrases and examples. The restructuring was based on tenets of Cognitive Semantics. The Prototypical Theory and beliefs in Embodiment and Experientialism were very useful to the discussion about the chromatic phenomenon in lexicographical fields. From relating lexicographical theories to Cognitive Semantics, we concluded that simple color paraphrases should be explanatory, analytical paraphrases based on the metalanguage of the extensional sign, and they should rely on universal models of colors in their extensional part. Examples must be founded on short syntactic patterns and sentences with simple construction, relying on culturally situated, prototypical models of color categories. Besides this, simple colors must rely on ostensive replacement, situated in additional sections of the dictionary, which offer a picture of the related color. The picture has to represent/illustrate the entire category of that color, in accordance with the tenets of Cognitive Semantics about prototypical categories. Regarding complex colors, Conceptual Blending Theory shows that this kind of color does not require a definition, once its meaning is constructed by the decoding of the word itself. Our proposal concerning the lexicographical treatment of complex colors is to indicate them within the picture of simple colors. This study led us to conclude that, if one plans and restructures the three informative segments showed here (explanatory paraphrases, examples, and pictures), it is possible to provide more complete definitions of color words in semasiological dictionaries.

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TALLARICO, GIOVANNI LUCA. "La dimensione interculturale nei dizionari bilingue italiano-francese." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/908.

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Le tesi è volta a esplorare la dimensione interculturale nei dizionari bilingue italiano-francese. La prima parte propone un approccio teorico alla questione. Prendendo le mosse da una ridefinizione delle nozioni di cultura e interculturalità, un excursus storico permette di delineare le relazioni tra lingue e culture. Vengono affrontati in seguito temi come lo statuto epistemologico della lessicografia bilingue e i suoi rapporti con la linguistica; le aporie derivanti dal concetto di equivalenza; la specificità della traduzione nei dizionari bilingue; gli apporti della semantica alla lessicografia. Un’attenzione particolare viene rivolta alle nozioni di scarto semantico, referenziale e culturale e alle lacune lessicali. Ci siamo infine concentrati sul fenomeno della connotazione e su alcune tradizioni di ricerca che sottolineano il valore culturale della lingua. La seconda parte è incentrata sullo studio del corpus. L’analisi è stata effettuata sulla lettera A dei quattro dizionari presi in esame (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). Si è cercato innanzitutto di sottolineare il valore e la tipologia degli scarti prodotti nell’equivalenza, in particolare di quelli culturali. In seguito, ci si è soffermati sugli esempi a funzione culturale. Infine, un esame delle note culturali e di alcuni falsi prestiti ha consentito di apportare un ulteriore contributo alla problematica.
Our thesis aims at exploring the intercultural dimension in Italian-French bilingual dictionaries. The first part represents a theoretical approach to the issue. A definition of the concepts of culture and cross-cultural precedes a study of the relationships between languages and cultures. After that, the following themes are dealt with: the epistemological status of bilingual lexicography and its relationships with linguistics; the semantic hindrances to equivalence; the peculiarity of translation in bilingual lexicography; the contributions of semantics to lexicography. Special attention is also given to the concepts of semantic, referential and cultural gaps and to the lexical gaps in general. In the last two chapters, the focus shifts to connotation and to some approaches that stress the importance of cultural values in language. The second part is a corpus-based study on the letter A of four Italian-French contemporary dictionaries (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). We have tried, in particular, to emphasize the role and the typology of the gaps occurring in the equivalence, especially of cultural gaps. Then, we focus on culture-bound examples. Finally, we deal with cultural notes and some false borrowings in Italian, in order to show other aspects of equivalence.

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Bisconti, Valentina. "Le sens en partage. Les outils linguistiques et approches théoriques de la signification [fin XIXe- XXe siècles]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030163.

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La tension constante qui s’instaure entre dictionnaires et approches théoriques de la signification s’avère une dynamique majeure de l’histoire et de l’historicité des idées linguistiques. Il s’agit dès lors de faire ressortir la perméabilité, les effets de continuité et les ruptures éventuelles entre les dictionnaires en tant qu’outils linguistiques et les approches théoriques qui se penchent sur le sens. La période retenue permet de suivre, sur le moyen terme, les formes de cette interaction. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, de voir comment la lexicographie monolingue française de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle contribue à la promotion du sens au rang d’objet d’étude. En effet, le dictionnaire s’avère un lieu heuristique révélateur des problèmes théoriques que pose la description sémantique. À partir des matériaux empiriques collectés dans le cadre de cette description de la langue, les linguistes de la fin du XIXe siècle cherchent à parvenir à une synthèse des observations. Une relecture du débat qui se développe autour de l’institutionnalisation de la sémantique au XIXe siècle permet de montrer, dans un deuxième temps, que les dilemmes du lexicographe sont susceptibles d’aboutir à des impasses théoriques. Néanmoins, les failles repérées dans les outils linguistiques sollicitent la réflexion et lui suggèrent de nouvelles hypothèses. Dans un troisième temps, il s’agit de retracer, au cours du XXe siècle, la dispersion de l’interaction entre dictionnaires et approches théoriques du sens et ce, dans des horizons de recherche différents qui adoptent l’outil linguistique comme modèle de la langue, de la compétence sémantique ou comme terrain d’expérimentation
The constant strain between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to signification proves to be one of the major dynamics of the history and the historicity of linguistic ideas. Hence what matters is to bring out the permeability, the effects of continuity and the possible breaking points between dictionaries as linguistic tools and the theoretical approaches that look into meaning. The period considered here provides an understanding of the various forms of this interaction in the medium term. First, this study shows how French monolingual lexicography in the second half of the 19th century contributes to making meaning an object of study. As a matter of fact dictionaries prove to play a heuristic role which reveals the theoretical problems raised by semantic description. From the empirical evidence collected in the context of that description of language, late 19th-century linguists seek to come to a synthesis of observations. A new reading of the debate surrounding the institutionalization of semantics in the 19th century then shows that a lexicographer’s dilemmas are likely to end up in theoretical deadlocks. Nevertheless, the faults found in linguistic tools trigger off further reflection and suggest new hypotheses. Finally, this study aims to trace back the dissipation of the interaction between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to meaning, during the 20th century, thanks to different research perspectives which take on linguistic tools as the model for language, for semantic competence, or as an experimental field

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Rivelis, Eugene. "Kak vozmožen dvujazycnyj slovar’." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7127.

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This study applies major principles of cognitive linguistics to the task of developing a novel model of the bilingual dictionary called the dictionary for productive comprehension (DPC). Based on conceptual analysis and coherent network representation of entry words, multi-word expressions, and constructions, the DPC provides access to the conventional linguistic knowledge of native speakers. In seeing linguistic units as contentful symbolic forms, the DPC is designed with a view of language as a lexicogrammatical continuum. By constructing the bilingual dictionary at the intersections of the two languages’ concepts under clearly specified conditions of their neutralization, it is given theoretical status. However, the main purport of this study is in the realm of applied lexicography. Among its tasks are: operationalizing conceptual analysis by establishing heuristically viable discovery procedures; working out guidelines for converting conceptual networks into the microstructure of dictionary entries, and for organizing its macrostructure as a natural-language thesaurus of lexicalized and lexicogrammatical concepts; laying a foundation for selecting and locating MWEs, proverbial expressions and constructions in a principled way, and suggesting approaches to organizing the constructicon, the part of the dictionary that contains schematic constructions. The DPC model offers effective remedies for the two major faults of the conventional bilingual dictionary, i.e. unrecognizability of the SL entry as a coherent whole by the TL user, and, consequently, inability to suggest precise cognitive orientations for the user's own production of an equivalent TL text. It proves that the bilingual dictionary can be something other than an inventory of disparate senses, a boundless set of translation equivalents, or an eclectic mixture of the two. By maintaining conceptual integrity of linguistic units, DPC affords the user a means of grasping the essence of a foreign word, MWE, or construction as if they were units of one’s native speech, as well as a generative potential with regard to translating into the TL. At the same time, by making conventional linguistic knowledge of the native speaker explicit, DPC serves the purpose of a learner’s dictionary.

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Souza, Vivian Regina Orsi Galdino de. "Metáforas do universo lexical português e italiano das zonas erógenas : ânus, nádegas, pênis, seios, testículos e vulva /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100098.

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Orientador: Claudia Zavaglia
Banca: Claudia Maria Xatara
Banca: Maria Gloria Cusumano Mazzi
Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino
Banca: Paola Giustina Baccin
Resumo: A língua em uso numa sociedade é produto de uma cultura e reflete o pensamento de um povo. Desse modo, as unidades léxicas, por meio dos significados atribuídos por um grupo social, determinam um olhar específico do universo e um sistema de valores. Com esse embasamento, nosso trabalho centra sua atenção num tipo de item lexical específico: as unidades lexicais que nominam os órgãos referentes às zonas erógenas, dos quais destacamos o pênis, a vulva, as nádegas, o ânus, os testículos e os seios, em língua italiana e em língua portuguesa, variante brasileira, partindo da análise do corpus coletado. Intencionamos demonstrar que para a denominação dos órgãos sexuais do corpo humano tende-se a evitar a terminologia anatômica oficial - relegada a contextos de grande formalidade - e adotar outros itens lexicais em situações informais, que possam denominar as referidas partes do corpo com conotação sexual. Muitas das lexias recolhidas não são aceitas em todos os contextos, mas entre pessoas afeiçoadas, encontra-se um emprego mais intenso e que assinala intimidade. Por essa razão usam-se inúmeros sinônimos que servem para suavizar uma determinada unidade lexical, na tentativa de mascarar preconceitos sociais historicamente construídos. Principiamos nossa pesquisa examinando os referidos itens lexicais sob a luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual - pois muitos dos itens empregados têm base metafórica e, na maioria das vezes, eufemística. O produto de nossa pesquisa é a amostragem de um dicionário onomasiológico especial bilíngue, abrangendo o mencionado tipo de unidade lexical estudado. Apresentamos, ainda, dentro dos verbetes quais são os semas (unidades mínimas de significação) presentes nas principais metáforas relativas aos mencionados órgãos. O acréscimo destes se mostra uma inovação em meio ao argumento erótico-obsceno, praticamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe and a system of values. With this basement, our work centers its attention in a specific lexical type: the lexical units that nominates the organs from the erotic zone, that are the penis, the vulva, the buttocks, the anus, the testicles and the breast, in Italian and Portuguese language, Brazilian variety, by analysing our corpus. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology - relegated to the contexts of great formality - and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. Many of the collected items are not accepted in all the contexts, but between known people, they may designate familiarity. Thus, innumerable synonymous are used to alleviate one lexical unit, trying to mask social prejudices historically constructed. We begin our research examinating the cited lexical items under the light of the theory of the conceptual metaphor - because many of the employed items have a metaphorical and also euphemistics basis. The product of our research is a special onomasiological bilingual dictionary, enclosing part of the mentioned studied of the lexical type. We introduce also in the entries of it semes (minimal meaning unit) present in the main metaphors related to these organs. The addition of these semes reveals an innovation in the study of the erotical-obscene argument, practically unexplored by the linguists. We intend, with this research, to be able to collaborate to demystify some prejudices related to the erotical-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation and to stimulate reflections of it, whose examination of the metaphors... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lyle, Kristopher Aaron. "A cognitive semantic assessment of עִם and אֵת's semantic potential." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20018.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis provides a critical assessment of the semantic potential of two Biblical Hebrew lexemes: עִם and אֵת . Previous lexical inquiries of the target lexemes provide the impetus for the current research; this is because the linguistic frameworks assumed by these studies are outmatched in the amount of explanatory power accompanying more recent theoretical developments, primarily evidenced within Cognitive linguistics (and semantics). As its methodological framework, the current study then appropriates these new advances and demonstrates a semantic potential of the target lexemes that can be determined through criteria offered by Tyler and Evans (2003). This criteria specifically aids in the task of semantic demarcation as well as identifying the primary sense, from which the remaining network of senses are derived. Furthermore, not only is an attempt made at representing the range of עִם and אֵת 's semantic potential, but a proposal for the development of these senses is offered as well. This is done primarily through an implementation of the theory of grammaticalization, as posited by Heine et al. (1991). The identified semantic networks are then analyzed from two different perspectives of lexical inquiry: 1) as a monosemy-polysemy cline, and 2) from both a semasiological and onomasiological point of departure (the latter method of onomasiology represents a unique contribution to the assessment of עִם and אֵת since most Biblical Hebrew lexical inquiries are limited to being a semasiological endeavor). The investigation uses the Pentateuch as its data-set and reveals a representation of (at least) eleven distinct senses in עִם 's semantic network as well as אֵת 's. Even though each lexeme's semantic potential is comprised of primarily the same senses, these eleven distinct senses are not completely synonymous and represent different meanings. Significantly, it is determined that 1) both target lexemes share the same primary sense (i.e., proto-scene), 2) both indicate the same core senses and consequently, 3) the target lexemes may rightly be considered as near synonyms.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Hierdie tesis bied 'n kritiese evaluering van die semantiese potensiaal van twee Bybelse Hebreeus lekseme: עִם en אֵת . Gebreke in bestaande navorsing ten opsigte van hierdie twee lekseme het die impuls verskaf vir hierdie projek. Onlangse ontwikkelinge in teoretiese taalkunde, in besonder kognitiewe taalkunde (en semantiek), het aangetoon dat die modelle in terme waarvan die bestaande beskrywing van die lekseme gedoen is, agterhaal is. Hierdie studie gebruik die perspektiewe wat kognitiewe semantiek bied om die semantiese potensiaal van hierdie twee Bybels-Hebreeuse lekseme te beskryf. Kriteria wat deur Tyler en Evans (2003) geformuleer is in hulle beskrywing van ‘n aantal Engelse voorsetsels, word as metodologiese vertrekpunt gebruik. Hierdie kriteria is veral nuttig in die semantiese afbakening, asook die identifisering van die primêre betekenis van die lekseme. Lg. bied die basis in terme waarvan die res van netwerk van betekenisonderskeidings beskryf word. In die studie word nie net die gepoog om die verskillende betekenisse van die lekseme te beskryf nie, maar daar word ook gepoog om aan te dui hoe die verskillende onderskeidings ontwikkel het. Dit word primêr gedoen in terme van die grammatikaliseringsteorie van Heine et al (1991). Die semantiese netwerke wat geïdentifiseer is, word vanuit twee verskillende perspektiewe van leksikale ondersoek gedoen: 1) die mono-polisemiese klien (“cline”) en 2) ‘n semasiologiese en onomasiologiese vertrekpunt. Laasgenoemde benadering tot onomasiologie verteenwoordig ‘n unieke bydrae tot die beskrywing van עִם en אֵת aangesien die meeste bestaande Bybels-Hebreeuse beskrywings van die lekseme semasiologies van aard is. Hierdie ondersoek is beperk tot die gebruik van עִם en אֵת in die Pentateug. Ten minste 11 verskillende betekenisseonderskeidings word vir beide lekseme geïdentifiseer. Alhoewel beide lekseme se semantiese potensiaal in baie opsigte dieselfde is, is dit nie presies identies nie. Wat wel merkwaardig is, is 1) dat beide lekseme dieselfde basiese betekenis (dit is die sg. “proto-scene”) het, 2) dat beide dieselfde kernbetekenisonderskeidings het en dat gevolglik 3) hulle as naby-sinonieme bestempel kan word.

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Souza, Vivian Regina Orsi Galdino de [UNESP]. "Metáforas do universo lexical português e italiano das zonas erógenas: ânus, nádegas, pênis, seios, testículos e vulva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100098.

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A língua em uso numa sociedade é produto de uma cultura e reflete o pensamento de um povo. Desse modo, as unidades léxicas, por meio dos significados atribuídos por um grupo social, determinam um olhar específico do universo e um sistema de valores. Com esse embasamento, nosso trabalho centra sua atenção num tipo de item lexical específico: as unidades lexicais que nominam os órgãos referentes às zonas erógenas, dos quais destacamos o pênis, a vulva, as nádegas, o ânus, os testículos e os seios, em língua italiana e em língua portuguesa, variante brasileira, partindo da análise do corpus coletado. Intencionamos demonstrar que para a denominação dos órgãos sexuais do corpo humano tende-se a evitar a terminologia anatômica oficial – relegada a contextos de grande formalidade – e adotar outros itens lexicais em situações informais, que possam denominar as referidas partes do corpo com conotação sexual. Muitas das lexias recolhidas não são aceitas em todos os contextos, mas entre pessoas afeiçoadas, encontra-se um emprego mais intenso e que assinala intimidade. Por essa razão usam-se inúmeros sinônimos que servem para suavizar uma determinada unidade lexical, na tentativa de mascarar preconceitos sociais historicamente construídos. Principiamos nossa pesquisa examinando os referidos itens lexicais sob a luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual – pois muitos dos itens empregados têm base metafórica e, na maioria das vezes, eufemística. O produto de nossa pesquisa é a amostragem de um dicionário onomasiológico especial bilíngue, abrangendo o mencionado tipo de unidade lexical estudado. Apresentamos, ainda, dentro dos verbetes quais são os semas (unidades mínimas de significação) presentes nas principais metáforas relativas aos mencionados órgãos. O acréscimo destes se mostra uma inovação em meio ao argumento erótico-obsceno, praticamente...
The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe and a system of values. With this basement, our work centers its attention in a specific lexical type: the lexical units that nominates the organs from the erotic zone, that are the penis, the vulva, the buttocks, the anus, the testicles and the breast, in Italian and Portuguese language, Brazilian variety, by analysing our corpus. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology – relegated to the contexts of great formality – and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. Many of the collected items are not accepted in all the contexts, but between known people, they may designate familiarity. Thus, innumerable synonymous are used to alleviate one lexical unit, trying to mask social prejudices historically constructed. We begin our research examinating the cited lexical items under the light of the theory of the conceptual metaphor – because many of the employed items have a metaphorical and also euphemistics basis. The product of our research is a special onomasiological bilingual dictionary, enclosing part of the mentioned studied of the lexical type. We introduce also in the entries of it semes (minimal meaning unit) present in the main metaphors related to these organs. The addition of these semes reveals an innovation in the study of the erotical-obscene argument, practically unexplored by the linguists. We intend, with this research, to be able to collaborate to demystify some prejudices related to the erotical-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation and to stimulate reflections of it, whose examination of the metaphors... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "Proposta teórico-metodológica para a geração de paráfrases explanatórias em dicionários voltados para crinaças : uma abordagem cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134328.

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A inclusão dos dicionários escolares de língua portuguesa no Programa Nacional do Livro didático, no início dos anos 2000, alavancou consideravelmente o interesse por este tipo de obra no Brasil, tanto por parte de estudiosos da linguagem, como por parte de editoras e órgãos governamentais. No entanto, ainda que o aumento na demanda tenha impulsionado a produção dicionarística do mercado editorial brasileiro, pouco se tem refletido sobre como compilar dicionários voltados ao público escolar à luz de parâmetros teóricos e metodológicos. Como resultado, verifica-se a proliferação de obras elaboradas sob critérios demasiadamente impressionistas e que pouco atendem aos anseios de seus potenciais consulentes. Com o objetivo de preencher uma das tantas lacunas da pesquisa lexicográfica brasileira, a presente tese doutoral elabora uma metodologia que, fundamentada nos princípios da semântica cognitiva, almeja auxiliar a geração de paráfrases explanatórias voltadas a alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, foi necessário reavaliar a atual proposta do PNLD Dicionários, com especial atenção ao primeiro e ao segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, e reformular a classificação das obras lexicográficas escolares deste período. A partir desta reformulação, propôs-se a elaboração de um dicionário intermediário, voltado para o segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, e especificaram-se as características essenciais da obra (enquadramento taxonômico, perfil do usuário e função). Fixadas estas informações, passou-se ao desenvolvimento da metodologia propriamente dita, cuja aplicação se restringiu ao grupo dos substantivos. A elaboração da metodologia pressupôs (a) o enquadramento das paráfrases em uma taxonomia de paráfrases explanatórias, (b) a formulação de padrões sintáticos tendo em vista as especificidades do tipo de substantivo a ser definido, e (c) a aplicação de princípios da semântica cognitiva na seleção das informações vinculadas pela paráfrase. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a elaboração de paráfrases ad hoc orientadas teórica e metodologicamente ao público ao qual se destinam. Ao final da tese, avaliou-se o nível de inteligibilidade das paráfrases por intermédio de uma ferramenta de processamento da linguagem natural. Os resultados da análise sugerem que, de maneira geral, as paráfrases elaboradas estão em consonância com a capacidade de interpretação de alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, cumprindo, assim, os objetivos da tese e propiciando um avanço à lexicografia pedagógica brasileira.
The inclusion of school dictionaries in Programa Nacional do Livro Didático [Brazilian textbook national programme], in the early 2000s, has dramatically increased the interest of language experts as well as publishing companies and government entities in this kind of reference work. However, although the increase in demand has expanded dictionary production among Brazilian publishing houses, there has been very little thought on how to compile school dictionaries taking into account theoretical and methodological parameters. As a result, there is a proliferation of school dictionaries produced based on impressionistic criteria and which do not really help their potential users. To fulfill one of the many gaps of the Brazilian lexicographical research, this PhD dissertation proposes a methodology which, based on cognitive semantics principles, will contribute to the writing of lexicographical definitions for children aged 9 and 10. Therefore, the current lexicographical proposal by the Brazilian textbook national programme had to be re-evaluated and reformulated, with special attention to the first five years of primary school. After that, it was suggested an intermediate dictionary, which would be suitable for the 4th and 5th years of primary school, and the main features of this specific dictionary (taxonomic classification, user profile and function) were established. Bearing in mind all those items, the methodology itself could be developed, with its application restricted to the noun class, only. The methodology combined (a) the classification of the definitions into a taxonomy of lexicographical definitions, (b) the formulation of distinct syntactic patterns according to the different kinds of nouns, and (c) the use of cognitive semantic principles to select the information offered by the definition. The results allowed the creation of ad hoc definitions sustained by a theoretical and methodological framework which takes into account the target audience of the definition. At the end of the dissertation, the readability level of the definitions was evaluated using a natural language processing tool. The analysis results suggest that, in general, the definitions created using the methodology are in consonance with the interpretative capacity of students in the 4th and 5th years of primary school, hence reaching the dissertation goals and providing the Brazilian pedagogical lexicography with major improvements.

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Yang, Li. "Improving Topic Tracking with Domain Chaining." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4274/.

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Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) research has produced some successful statistical tracking systems. While lexical chaining, a non-statistical approach, has also been applied to the task of tracking by Carthy and Stokes for the 2001 TDT evaluation, an efficient tracking system based on this technology has yet to be developed. In thesis we investigate two new techniques which can improve Carthy's original design. First, at the core of our system is a semantic domain chainer. This chainer relies not only on the WordNet database for semantic relationships but also on Magnini's semantic domain database, which is an extension of WordNet. The domain-chaining algorithm is a linear algorithm. Second, to handle proper nouns, we gather all of the ones that occur in a news story together in a chain reserved for proper nouns. In this thesis we also discuss the linguistic limitations of lexical chainers to represent textual meaning.

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Silva, Luciane Cristina Camelo [UNESP]. "Prefixos latinos de movimento: um estudo morfológico e lexicográfico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103589.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:04:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_lcc_dr_ararafcl.pdf: 920427 bytes, checksum: 9c06cb746295d749e8021e454512da12 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A derivação é apresentada pelas gramáticas tradicionais como uma lista de prefixos e sufixos, divididos em gregos e latinos, com seus significados e acompanhados de exemplos. Com essa limitação no estudo da derivação, não são apresentadas as possíveis combinações das unidades lexicais com os prefixos, nem tampouco é admitido que, para se formar um derivado prefixado, é preciso que a base a que se junta o prefixo aceite a significação que lhe será impressa. Outra falha ocorre nos dicionários que se limitam a definir as entradas lexicais não contextualizadas dificultando o entendimento do significado da unidade derivada, pois nem sempre é possível entender sua formação visto que o prefixo pode admitir significados diferentes e somente o contexto pode precisar esse significado. Desta forma, o processo de formação de palavras tradicionalmente atrbuído à morfologia deve envolver também outros níveis da língua: sintaxe, semântica e pragmática. Uma vez considerados esses níveis é possível estabelecer paradigmas que sistematizem a formação de palavras considerando o significado do derivado contextualizando e os semas contidos na base. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o paradigma derivacional dos verbos formados por prefixos latinos de movimento, o tipo de base a que se anexam os prefixos, as classes gramticais que entram na formação do derivado e o dignificado contextual do prefixo na unidade lexical analisando o valor semântico do derivado, bem como as interferências pragmáticas. Cnclui-se que, analisando o derivado sob a perspectiva morfológica, semântica, sintática e pragmática, é possível estabelecer um paradigma do sistema prefixal da língua considerando o aspecto diacrônico dos prefixos, os semas das unidades lexicais, agrupando as unidades que apresentam semas comuns e o comportamento pragmético da unidade derivada.
The derivation is presented by the traditional grammars as a list of prefixes and suffices, divided into Greek and Latin, with their meanings and accompained by examples. With this limitation in the study of the derivation, possible combinations of the lexical units with the prefixes are not presented. In addition, it is not admitted that, in order to from a derived prefix it is necessary that the base to which the prefix joins, accepts its new signification. Another failure occurs in dictionaries that only define the non-contextualized lexical entries, making it difficult to understand the meaning of the derived unit, as it is not always possible to undestand its formation, since the prefix can admit different meanings and only the context may clarify this meaning. Therefore, the formation process of words, traditionally ascribed to morphology, may also involve other levels of the language: syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Once considered these sectors, it is possible to establish that systematize the formation of words, considering the meaning of the contextualized derived and the semes contaimed in the base. This paper has had the aim to identiflay the derivational paradigm of the verbs formed by Latin prefixes of movement, the kind of base to which the prefixes attach, the grammatical classes that enter in the formation of the derived and the contextual meaning of the prefix in the lexical unit, analyzing the semantic value of the derived, as well as the pragmatic interferences. It was concluded that, analysing the derived under the morphological, semantic, and pragmatic perspectives, it is possoble to establish a paradigm of the prefix system of the language considering the diachronic aspect of the prefixes, the semes of the lexical units, joing the units that present common semes and the pragmatic behavior of the derived unit.

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Rodriguez, D. L. "תחת : a cognitive linguistic analysis of the Biblical Hebrew lexeme." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6641.

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Thesis (MA (Ancient Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis spreek die probleem aan van polisemie in die beskrywing van die Bybels- Hebreeuse lekseem תחת in die Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Tradisioneel word die lekseem meestal as ‘n voorsetsel beskou. In hierdie ondersoek word aangetoon dat die lekseem ook as as ‘n naamwoord, bywoord of voegwoord gebruik kan word. ‘n Kritiese analise van standaard Bybels-Hebreeuse woordeboeke toon aan dat hierdie bronne mank gaan ‘n leksikografies begronde raamwerk in terme waarvan polisimiese lekseme ge-orden kan word. Wat nodig is vir hierdie doeleindes, is leksikale beskrywings eerder as ‘n lys “oënskynlike” betekenisse. Dit word verder duidelik aangetoon dat vertalingsekwivalente nie altyd gelykgestel kan word aan die betekenis van ‘n lekseem nie – ‘n praktyk wat al jare lank onkrities aanvaar word. Kognitief-linguistiese instrumente ten opsigte van kategorisering en leksikale semantiek word dan ingespan om die lekseem תחת beter te beskryf. Hierdie studie verteenwoordig so ‘n kognitief-linguistiese analise van die polisemiese dimensies van die semantiese netwerk van תחת , wat ook bruikbaar kan wees in digitale leksikografie. Die voorgestelde netwerk word gekomplementeer deur semantiese diagramme wat die betekenis grafies uitbeeld in plaas daarvan om dit met behulp van vertalingsekwivalente te beskryf. Die betekenisonderskeidings wat getref word, is die volgende: substantief (onderkant), plek (spesifieke plek “spot”), substitusie (in die plek van), uitruiling (in ruil vir), oorsaaklikheid (omdat) en implisiete perspektief (x onder [die spreker]). Hierdie betekenisonderskeidings word georganiseer met behulp van ‘n grafiese netwerk wat die semantiese verhouding tussen die verskillende nuanse illustreer. Die semantiese netwerk stel ook ‘n ontwikkelingsprofiel van die lekseem voor. Hierdie diagram bied ‘n moontlike verklaring waarom תחת ‘n bepaalde reeks polemiese onderskeidings simboliseer.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis addresses the problem of polysemy in describing the biblical Hebrew lexeme תחת in the Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia. Traditionally treated as mainly a preposition, it is demonstrated in this study that תחת can also be used as a noun, adverb or conjunction. A critical analysis of standard biblical Hebrew lexica reveals that they typically lack a clear lexicographic framework with which polysemous lexemes can be organized. Ideally, this would offer lexical explanations to users of a lexicon rather than supply lists of alleged meanings. Further, it is also made clear that target language glosses can no longer be accepted as "meaning", a practice which has been uncritically accepted for years. In order to move beyond English glosses, cognitive linguistic tools for categorization and lexical semantics are utilized. This thesis contributes a cognitive linguistic analysis of the polysemous lexeme תחת and a semantic network of תחת that can be useful for digital lexicography. The proposed network is complemented by frame semantic diagrams which describe meaning imagically rather than only with a target language gloss. The various senses established are: substantive (underpart), place (spot), substitution (in place of), exchange (in exchange for), vertical spatial (under), approximately under (at the foot of), control (under the hand), causation (because), and implied perspective (x below [the speaker]). These senses are organized in the proposed network showing the semantic relationship between the senses. The semantic network also provides an evolutionarily plausible explanation of how תחת came to symbolize so many distinct polysemies.

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Belkacem, Nadia. "Les Verbes en Tamazight: structure argumentale et sémantique." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672718.

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Notre sujet de recherche se focalise sur la structure argumentale et la sémantique des verbes en tamazight, un sujet peu étudié auparavant. Dans la classification linguistique des langues, tamazight est classifiée comme une branche à part de la famille afro-asiatique. Cette langue, occupant un vaste espace géographique en Afrique du Nord appelé Tamazgha, est composée de plusieurs variantes dont celle du Centre-Nord (Algérie). C’est sur cette variante que nous avons centré notre recherche qui a produit les résultats suivants : 1. Analyse syntactico-sémantique de classes de verbes en tamazight, incluant, entre autres, la diathèse, les alternances de la structure argumentale et les morphèmes de dérivation verbale; 2. description de la structure argumentale de 150 verbes en tamazight, correspondant à 300 formes verbales, 700 acceptions et 850 structures, accompagnée des expressions figées et semi-figées associées à chaque verbe; 3. construction d’une base de données numérique convenablement structurée qui contient toutes les informations sur la structure argumentale des verbes analysés et qui présente une riche interface de recherche sur internet. C’est un outil qui servirait aux lexicographes de tamazight pour améliorer et enrichir les entrées de verbes dans les dictionnaires, qui actuellement n’incluent pratiquement pas d’informations sur la structure argumentale des verbes. Ces nouvelles données linguistiques apportées sur les structures et expressions verbales de cette langue serviront entre autres pour sa lexicographie, son traitement automatique et son enseignement. En général, elles constituent un approfondissement des connaissances sur cette langue.
El nostre tema de recerca es centra en l'estructura argumental i semàntica dels verbs en tamazight. En la classificació llingüística de les llengües, tamazight constitueix una branca pròpia en la família afro-asiàtica. Aquesta llengua, que ocupa un vast espai geogràfic al nord d’Àfrica anomenat Tamazgha, es compon de diverses variants, inclosa la del centre-nord (Algèria). És en aquesta variant que hem centrat la nostra investigación que ha produit els següents resultats: 1. Anàlisi sintactico-semàntica de certes classes de verbs en tamazight incloent, entre d'altres, la diàtesi, les alternances de l'estructura argumental i els morfemes de derivació verbal; 2. descripció de l’estructura argumental de 150 verbs en tamazight, corresponents a 300 formes verbals, 700 significats i 850 estructures, acompanyades de les expressions congelades i semicongelades associades a cada verb; 3. construcció d'una base de dades estructurada adequadament que conté tota la informació sobre l'estructura argumental dels 150 verbs analitzats i que presenta una interfície de cerca complexa. És una eina que els lexicògrafs de tamazight utilitzarien per a millorar i enriquir les entrades verbals dels diccionaris, que actualment amb prou feines inclouen informació sobre l’estructura argumental dels verbs. Aquestes noves dades lingüístiques proporcionades sobre les estructures i expressions verbals d’aquesta llengua s’utilitzaran, entre altres coses, per a la lexicografia, el seu processament automàtic i l’ensenyament. En general, constitueixen un aprofundiment del coneixement d’aquest idioma.
Our research topic focuses on the argument structure and semantics of verbs in Tamazight. In the linguistic classification of languages, Tamazight constitutes a separate branch of the Afro-Asian family. This language present in a vast geographical area in North Africa called Tamazgha, is composed of several varieties including Northern-Central Tamazight (Algeria). It is on this variety that we have concentrated our research which has produced the following results: 1. Syntactico-semantic analysis of certain classes of verbs in Tamazight, including, among others, diathesis, alternations of argument structure and morphemes of verbal derivation; 2. description of the argument structure of some 150 verbs in Tamazight, corresponding to 300 verbal forms, 700 meanings and 850 structures, accompanied by the fixed and semi-fixed expressions associated with each verb; 3. construction of a suitably structured database which contains all the information on the argument structure of the 150 verbs analyzed and which presents a rich web-based search interface. It is a tool that would be used by Tamazight lexicographers to improve and enrich verb entries in dictionaries, which currently hardly include information on the argument structure of verbs. This new linguistic data on verbal structures and expressions of this language will be used, among other things, for its lexicography, its automatic processing and teaching. In general, it will increase the knowledge on this language.
Nuestro tema de investigación se centra en la estructura argumental y la semántica de los verbos en tamazight, un tema poco estudiado antes. En la clasificación lingüística de idiomas, el tamazight se clasifica como una rama separada de la familia afroasiática. Esta lengua, que ocupa un vasto espacio geográfico en el norte de África llamado Tamazgha, se compone de varias variantes, incluida la del centro-norte (Argelia). Es en esta variante que hemos centrado nuestra investigación que ha producido los siguientes resultados: 1. Análisis Análisis sintáctico-semántica de ciertas clases de verbos en tamazight incluyendo, entre otros, la diátesis, las alternancias de la estructura argumental y los morfemas de derivación verbal; 2. descripción de la estructura argumental de 150 verbos en tamazight, correspondientes a 300 formas verbales, 700 significados y 850 estructuras, acompañadas de las expresiones fijas y semi-fijas asociadas a cada verbo; 3. Construcción de una base de datos adecuadamente estructurada que contenga toda la información sobre la estructura argumental de los 150 verbos analizados y que presente una rica interfaz de búsqueda. Es una herramienta que utilizarían los lexicógrafos de tamazight para mejorar y enriquecer las entradas verbales de los diccionarios, que actualmente apenas incluyen información sobre la estructura argumental de los verbos. Estos nuevos datos lingüísticos aportados sobre las estructuras y expresiones verbales de esta lengua serán utilizados, entre otras cosas, para su lexicografía, su procesamiento automático y su enseñanza. En general, constituyen una profundización del conocimiento de este idioma.

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Bernal, Elisenda 1971. "Els Sufixos verbalitzadors del català. Relacions semàntiques i diccionari." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7490.

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La tesi Els sufixos verbalitzadors del català. Relacions semàntiques i diccionari és un treball interdisciplinari en què intervenen aspectes de morfologia i semàntica lèxiques i lexicografia, que té un objectiu doble: d'una banda, analitzar els verbs sufixats de manera que quedin recollits els punts de divergència i de contacte entre els diversos verbs, i de l'altra, proposar una representació lexicogràfica per als sufixos verbalitzadors en forma de prototip de diccionari. Amb aquest objectiu, es parteix de la premissa que és important que els afixos en general, i els sufixos verbalitzadors en particular, passin a formar part de la macroestructura del diccionari, per tal de millorar les definicions lexicogràfiques de les entrades que els contenen.

Així, s'analitzen com a objecte d'estudi les sèries derivatives verbals coradicals, és a dir: verbs que comparteixen la mateixa base, però que es construeixen per mitjà de processos diferents, ja que el fet de confrontar els diversos elements que forman una sèrie derivativa havia de permetre precisar quines són les característiques de cada procés i/o cada sufix, i, en concret, quines són les diferències semàntiques i sintàctiques que hi ha entre cada element. El treball aconsegueix establir tres tipus de factors que expliquen que no es donin sèries sinonímiques completes en els verbs construïts per sufixació: pragmàtics, temàtics i distribucionals.

La proposta de representació lexicogràfica dels sufixos analitzats es presenta dins d'un projecte futur de Diccionari d'afixos. Aquesta representació intenta millorar la dels diccionaris existents, sistematitzant les informacions de cada afix i incloent-hi les relacions semàntiques que s'estableixen entre les paraules construïdes del mateix tipus i les regles que les construeixen.
The dissertation Els sufixos verbalitzadors del català. Relacions semàntiques i diccionari (en.: The verbalizing suffixes of Catalan. Semantic relations and dictionary) is an interdisciplinary work, where aspects of lexical morphology, lexical semantics and lexicography are involved. The work has a double goal: first, to analyze the verbs to determine the points of divergence and contact among them, and second, to propose a lexicographic representation for the suffixes in a prototype of dictionary. We started from the premise that it is important that affixes in general, and the verbalizing suffixes in particular, should be part of the macrostructure of the dictionary, in order to improve the lexicographic definitions of the entries that contain them.

Thus, verbal derivative strings are analized, but only those verbs that share the same base, but built by different processes. We thought that to confront the several elements that form a derivative string will allow us how to determine which are the characteristics of each process and/or each suffix, and, in particular, which are the semantic and syntactic differences that exist between each element. The work achieves to establish three types of factors that explain why complete synonymic strings do not exist: pragmatic, thematic and distributional.

The proposal of lexicographic representation for suffixes is shown in a future project of Dictionary of affixes. This representation attempts to improve that of the published dictionaries, giving the information of each affix systematically and including the semantic relations that are established between the words built by the same rule.

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Oliveira, Ana Flávia Souto de. "A multiplicidade semântica em learners' dictionaries : por uma abordagem semântico-cognitiva para a organização das acepções." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130772.

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A multiplicidade semântica, isto é, o fato de uma forma linguística apresentar mais de um significado ou nuance contextual, é um fenômeno que, apesar de não trazer grandes problemas à comunicação cotidiana, impõe diversas questões às teorias semântico-lexicais e a suas aplicações linguísticas. Neste trabalho, buscamos compreender o tratamento dispensado à multiplicidade semântica por learners’ dictionaries do inglês (dicionários monolíngues para aprendizes avançados de inglês como língua estrangeira) à luz do quadro teórico da Semântica Cognitiva Lexical. Em um primeiro momento, sistematizamos as implicações trazidas pela multiplicidade semântica para os learners’ dictionaries, principalmente no que diz respeito aos procedimentos de lumping e splitting, ao tipo de solução adotada para a divisão de verbetes para as formas lexicais (homonímica ou polissêmica) e aos critérios de organização das acepções nos verbetes. Com relação a esses aspectos, demonstramos que não há uma base teórica sólida que permita definir quantos e quais significados um item lexical apresenta, que não há consenso quanto ao tratamento das soluções nesse tipo de dicionário e que a frequência – critério utilizado pelas obras para organizar as acepções – não é tão objetivo quanto se esperaria, nem tem respaldo empírico para a utilização nesse tipo de dicionário. Assim, defendemos que, por conta do caráter interpretativo da descrição semântico lexical, evidenciada pela flexibilidade no tratamento dispensado pelas obras às questões da multiplicidade semântica, seja buscada uma abordagem distinta a essas questões. Com esse intuito, em um segundo momento, introduzimos a concepção semântico-cognitiva de estrutura semasiológica, que, ancorada em postulados da Teoria Prototípica, destaca a sobreposição e a saliência semântica como características estruturais do léxico, postulados que contemplam a flexibilidade e a instabilidade do significado lexical. Na busca por subsídios metodológicos que fundamentem uma proposta alternativa aos problemas lexicográficos, apresentamos alguns dos modelos de descrição da estrutura semântica dos itens lexicais propostos pelo paradigma cognitivo: o Modelo Radial, o Modelo Esquemático e o Modelo de Grupos em Sobreposição. Avaliamos a estrutura semasiológica do item lexical case e propomos formas alternativas para sua representação nos learners’ dictionaries que condizem tanto com os postulados semântico-cognitivos, quanto com o que se sabe sobre o tipo de dicionário em questão e as necessidades de seus usuários. Com relação às soluções homonímica e polissêmica, sugerimos quatro configurações possíveis que permitem representar a estrutura coesa da polissemia, mas cuja validação depende ainda de testes de uso. Quanto à organização das acepções, consideramos que, mesmo através do uso de uma estrutura hierárquica, é possível representar os fenômenos de sobreposição e saliência semântica que julgamos relevantes para os usuários dessas obras, por exemplo, através do uso dos próprios recursos possibilitados pela hierarquia e da redação de definições que destaquem atributos compartilhados por dois ou mais significados que não podem ser relacionados na estrutura linear do verbete. Assim, uma abordagem semântico-cognitiva parece ser útil para nortear práticas lexicográficas relativas à estruturação das informações sobre a multiplicidade semântica nos learners’ dicitionaries.
Semantic multiplicity can be defined as a case in which a single linguistic form presents more than one meaning or contextual reading. Even though this phenomenon usually does not pose serious challenges for everyday communication, it certainly brings about important issues to lexical semantic theories and its linguistic applications. The present dissertation aims at evaluating the treatment semantic multiplicity receives in English monolingual advanced learners’ dictionaries from a cognitive-semantic point of view. Therefore, the consequences of semantic multiplicity for the organization of learners’ dictionaries are presented, mainly with regard to the procedures of lumping and splitting, the solutions applied for structuring entries (homonymic or polysemous solutions), and the criteria used in arranging senses. First, it is demonstrated that there are no solid methodological bases on which to decide on how many (nor which) senses a lexical item has. Second, it is shown that there is no agreement on the solution to be applied to this type of dictionary. Third, it is advocated that the criterion used for sense arrangement (frequency) is not as objective as one would expect and it has not yet been proven to bring any advantage for the users of learners’ dictionaries. Because of the interpretative nature of lexical semantic description, which is reflected in the different treatments the dictionaries provide to these matters, a distinct approach is sought. To this end, the cognitive-semantic conception of semasiological structure is introduced. With its origins linked to Prototype Theory tenets, this notion highlights that semantic salience and overlapping are structural characteristics of the lexicon, which reflect the flexibility and instability of lexical meaning. In order to search for methods that could ground an alternative proposal for these lexicographic issues, the cognitive-semantic descriptive models of semantic structure are assessed: the radial model, the schematic model, and the overlapping sets model. The semasiological structure of the lexical item case is described and a new proposal for its organization is provided, in tune with cognitive-semantic tenets and with what is known about this type of dictionary and its users’ needs. Regarding homonymic and polysemous solutions, four different arrangements are suggested, which represent the coherent structure of polysemy. Regarding sense arrangement, it is shown that even through the use of a hierarchical structure, it is possible to represent the semantic overlapping and salience found to be useful for the users of learners’ dictionaries. By exploring the hierarchical resources themselves and by manipulating the wording of definitions, it is feasible to accentuate attributes shared by two or more senses that cannot be related in the linear structure of the dictionary entry. Thus, Cognitive Semantics presents itself as a useful approach to guide lexicographic practices related to the structuring of semantic multiplicity information in learners’ dictionaries.

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Morais, Ana Carla Assmann. "A visão enciclopédica da semântica de frames: uma aproximação com a lexicografia." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6240.

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CNJ - Conselho Nacional de Justiça
A arte de produzir dicionários é uma prática que tem uma tradição de longo tempo na história da humanidade. Em específico, as obras de língua geral são utilizadas pelos falantes da língua para dirimir dúvidas em relação à ortografia e ao significado das palavras. Quanto à organização e ao tratamento do significado lexical, esses dicionários normalmente seguem a abordagem semasiológica. Valendo-se do potencial da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985), este trabalho investiga em que medida a concepção enciclopédica de significado, defendida por essa teoria, pode contribuir para a prática lexicográfica tradicional. Até o momento, a Semântica de Frames foi aplicada em projetos que têm uma interface com a Lexicografia Computacional; no entanto, entendemos que essa abordagem tem atributos para beneficiar a lexicografia tradicional, como sugere Ostermann (2014). Assim, a partir da análise do item lexical mãe,baseada emcorpus, tencionamos avaliar em que medida a concepção enciclopédica do significado conforme a Semântica de Frames pode contribuir para o tratamento do significado lexical na prática lexicográfica. Para avaliar em que medida a Semântica de Frames pode servir de aporte teórico à Lexicografia, avaliamos a unidade lexical mãe. Metodologicamente, o trabalho tem duas frentes de análise. A primeira objetiva identificar os frames evocados pela unidade lexical mãe, na qual foi realizada uma análise semântica que tem como base os modelos cognitivos mãe, mapeados por Lakoff (1987);a Frame Net, com os frames Kinship e GivingBirth;e o corpus NILC (Núcleo Interinstitucional). A outra frente – a análise lexicográfica – buscou identificar, nos verbetes de mãe de seis dicionários de língua geral, nuances dos frames identificados na etapa anterior da análise.Para o processamento do corpus NILC, previsto na análise semântica, contou-se com o auxílio das principais funcionalidades da ferramenta computacional Sketch Engine. Os resultados da análise mostram que a unidade lexical mãe evoca cinco frames – Nascimento, de Parentesco, Relação Conjugal, Genético e Cuidados. Isso indica que os dicionários precisam incluir, em seus verbetes, o conhecimento contemplado por essas estruturas.
The art of dictionary making has a long tradition. In particular, general monolingual dictionaries are used by speakers of a language to solve doubts concerning words spelling and meaning. From what regards word sense treatment and organization, these dictionaries follow a semasiological approach. The present thesis explores Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) and its encyclopedic conception of meaning by examining its usability for traditional lexicographical practice. Although Frame Semantics has been mostly applied to projects in Computational Lexicography, we advocate, as suggested by Ostermann (2014), that traditional lexicography can benefit from this theory. Thus, through the corpus-based analysis of the lexical unit mãe, we intend to evaluate to which extent Frame Semantics encyclopedic conception of meaning may contribute to lexicographical treatment of word meaning. In order to explore the suitability of Frame Semantics as a theoretical framework for lexicography, mãeis described in a twofold way: first, a semantic analysis of the lexical unit is carried out and the frames evoked by it are identified, using Lakoff’s cognitive models for mother (LAKOFF, 1987), FrameNetKinship and Giving Birthframes, and data extracted from NILC corpus; second, six entries of mãein general monolingual dictionaries are analyzed in search for traces of the frames identified in the previous stage of the analysis. For processing NILC corpus Sketch Engine main functionalities were used. Results from the analysis show that the lexical unit mãeevokes five frames –Nascimento (birth), Parentesco(kinship), Relação Conjugal (conjugal relationship), Genético (genetic), and Cuidados(nurture). This finding shows that dictionaries should include the knowledge covered by these structures in their entries.

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Harjuniemi, J. (Jenna). "Kön, språk och kognition:semantiska och begreppsliga strukturer hos svenska femininavledningar och deras finska och tyska ekvivalenter." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526205830.

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Abstract The theme of this doctoral thesis is the relationship between gender, language, and cognition. The research object are Swedish suffix derived feminine nouns (feminine derivations) and their Finnish and German equivalents. The focus lies on their semantic and conceptual structures. The main material source constitutes of unilingual Swedish, Finnish, and German dictionaries. I this study the meaning descriptions of the feminine derivations are regarded as semantic structures which are called omskrivnings. An omskrivning expresses the meaning of a word by “re-writing” it with other words. The theoretical frame of reference is cognitive linguistics that is combined with gender studies. Linguistic structures reflect conceptual structures and symbolize a certain perspective to the phenomenon they refer to (here: gender). This is called conceptualization. The starting point of this study is that meanings (semantic structures) and concepts behind them (conceptual structures) constitute of components that stand in certain relationships to each other. The components in the conceptual structure are called schemes. Four different patterns of omskrivning can be found in unilingual dictionaries. These patterns represent four types of semantic and conceptual structures and thus four ways to conceptualize gender: as a primary, secondary, overlapping, or relational scheme. In this study the conceptualizations are also related to the external reality. The relationship between the conceptualizations and the external reality is studied in terms of how and if Swedish, Finnish and German feminine derivations are used in communication. The use of feminine derivation varies in different languages. Every one of the four semantic and conceptual types has its own characteristic conceptualization that implies whether feminine suffixation is facultative or obligatory – i.e. if it’s possible to choose between a feminine derivation and a corresponding masculine or gender neutral word. Alongside conceptualization the facultativity and obligation are also influenced by the external reality. The external reality constitutes of three factors concerning each language: language typology, strategy for equal language, and gender culture. They can possibly explain why there are differences and similarities in the use of feminine derivations between Swedish, Finnish, and German
Tiivistelmä Tämän väitöskirjan aiheena on sukupuolen, kielen ja kognition välinen suhde. Tutkimuskohteena ovat ruotsalaiset suffiksijohdetut feminiiniset henkilönimikkeet (feminiinijohdokset) ja niiden suomalaiset ja saksalaiset ekvivalentit. Tarkoitus on tutkia sanojen semanttisia ja käsitteellisiä rakenteita. Tärkeimpänä lähdeaineistona ovat yksikieliset ruotsalaiset, suomalaiset ja saksalaiset sanakirjat. Tutkimuksessa feminiinijohdosten sanakirjamääritelmät katsotaan semanttisiksi rakenteiksi, joista käytetään nimitystä omskrivning. Omskrivning ilmaisee sanan merkityssisällön ”uudelleenkirjoittamalla” sen toisia sanoja käyttäen. Teoreettisena viitekehyksenä on kognitiivinen kielitiede yhdistettynä sukupuolentutkimuksen näkökulmaan. Kielen rakenteet heijastavat käsitteellisiä rakenteita ja symboloivat tiettyä näkökulmaa siihen ilmiöön, johon ne viittaavat (tässä: sukupuoli). Tätä kutsutaan käsitteistykseksi. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on se, että sekä merkitykset (semanttiset rakenteet) että käsitteet niiden takana (käsitteelliset rakenteet) koostuvat komponenteista, joiden välillä on erilaisia suhteita. Käsitteellisen rakenteen komponentteja kutsutaan skeemoiksi. Yksikielisissä sanakirjoissa esiintyy neljä omskrivning-mallia. Omskrivning-mallit edustavat neljää semanttisen ja käsitteellisen rakenteen tyyppiä ja siten neljää erilaista tapaa käsitteistää sukupuoli: primäärinä, sekundäärisenä, limittäisenä tai suhteellisena skeemana. Tutkimuksessa käsitteistykset liitetään myös ulkoiseen todellisuuteen. Suhdetta käsitteistysten ja ulkoisen todellisuuden välillä tarkastellaan sen avulla, miten ruotsalaisia, suomalaisia ja saksalaisia feminiinijohdoksia käytetään kommunikaatiossa. Feminiinijohdosten käyttö vaihtelee eri kielissä. Jokaisella neljällä semanttisella ja käsitteellisellä tyypillä on oma tunnusomainen käsitteistyksensä, joka implikoi, onko feminiinisuffiksaatio valinnainen vai pakollinen, ts. onko mahdollista valita feminiinijohdoksen ja vastaavan maskuliinisen tai sukupuolineutraalin sanan välillä. Käsitteistyksen ohella valinnaisuuteen ja pakollisuuteen vaikuttaa myös ulkoinen todellisuus. Ulkoinen todellisuus koostuu kolmesta tekijästä jokaisen kielen kohdalla: kielityyppi, tasa-arvoisen kielenkäytön strategiat ja sukupuolikulttuuri. Näiden avulla voidaan selittää miksi feminiinijohdosten käytössä on eroja ja yhtäläisyyksiä ruotsin, suomen ja saksan välillä
Abstrakt Temat i denna doktorsavhandling är förhållandet mellan kön, språk och kognition. Undersökningsobjektet är svenska suffixavledda feminina personbeteckningar (femininavledningar) och deras finska och tyska ekvivalenter. Syftet är att studera beteckningarnas semantiska och begreppsliga strukturer. De viktigaste materialkällorna utgörs av svenska, finska och tyska enspråkiga ordböcker. I denna undersökning tolkas femininavledningarnas betydelsebeskrivningar som semantiska strukturer vilka kallas omskrivningar. En omskrivning uttrycker ordets betydelseinnehåll genom att ”skriva om” det med andra ord. Den teoretiska referensramen utgörs av kognitiv lingvistik som kombineras med en genusvetenskaplig synvinkel. Språkets strukturer avspeglar begreppsliga strukturer och symboliserar ett visst perspektiv på den företeelse som de syftar på (här: kön). Detta kallas konceptualisering. Undersökningen utgår från att både betydelser (semantiska strukturer) och begrepp bakom dem (begreppsliga strukturer) består av komponenter och att komponenterna står i vissa förhållanden till varandra. Komponenterna i den begreppsliga strukturen kallas scheman. I enspråkiga ordböcker förekommer fyra olika omskrivningsmönster. Omskrivningsmönstren representerar fyra semantiska och begreppsliga strukturer och därmed fyra sätt att konceptualisera könet: som primärt, sekundärt, överlappande eller relationellt schema. I denna undersökning relateras konceptualiseringarna även till den utomstående verkligheten. Förhållandet mellan konceptualiseringarna och den utomstående verkligheten beaktas inom ramen för hur och om svenska, finska och tyska femininavledningar används i språkbruket. Användningen av femininavledningar varierar i olika språk. Var och en av de fyra semantiska och begreppsliga typerna har sin kännetecknande konceptualisering som implicerar huruvida femininsuffixeringen är fakultativ eller obligatorisk, d.v.s. huruvida man kan välja mellan en femininavledning och en motsvarande maskulin eller könsneutral beteckning. Vid sidan av konceptualiseringen påverkas fakultativiteten och obligatoriet också av den utomstående verkligheten som utgörs av tre faktorer för varje språks del: språktyp, strategi för jämställt språk och könskultur. Med hjälp av dem är det möjligt att förklara varför det finns skillnader och likheter i användningen av femininavledningar mellan svenska, finska och tyska

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Oliveira, Ana Flávia Souto de. "Subsídios da semântica cognitiva para a disposição das acepções nos Learner's Dictionaries." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25440.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo buscar subsídios na concepção de polissemia da Semântica Cognitiva para auxiliar na disposição das acepções de itens lexicais polissêmicos em learner’s dictionaries. Para tanto, ele, inicialmente, analisa de que forma os quatro principais dicionários que compreendem esse genótipo – CALD (2008), COBUILD (2006), LDCE (2009) e OALD (2005) – apresentam suas acepções, considerando duas variáveis: (i) o emprego de uma solução homonímica ou polissêmica para a estruturação dos verbetes e (ii) a divisão e ordenação das acepções. A partir das análises, percebe-se que a solução empregada por essas obras varia, havendo a adoção tanto da solução polissêmica, com e sem divisão interna nos verbetes, quanto da solução homonímica, por critério morfológico e semântico. Quanto às acepções, por um lado, as formas como os dicionários dividem e relacionam os significados são diferentes e, por outro, os critérios utilizados pelas obras para a ordenação das acepções não se mostram plenamente satisfatórios, pois algumas delas não explicitam quais critérios são empregados na ordenação das acepções e a utilização do mesmo critério (de frequência) por diferentes obras gera resultados distintos. Além disso, para que a frequência pudesse ser empregada como critério objetivo, seria necessária a delimitação de parâmetros quantitativos ainda não disponíveis. A seguir, são levantadas questões teórico-metodológicas que surgem ao abordar a organização microestrutural, destacando que a discussão da ordenação das acepções nos dicionários é dependente de outras variáveis, como sua vinculação a uma teoria do significado lexical e da definição lexicográfica. Por fim, o trabalho busca delimitar quais das características da visão prototípica de estrutura lexical podem ser transpostas ao âmbito lexicográfico para lidar com o problema da representação da polissemia nos learner’s dictionaries.Apresentam-se propostas de verbetes criados com base em critérios estabelecidos por nós para a transposição das noções semântico-cognitivas para a ordenação das acepções.
In this thesis, we aim at contributing to sense ordering of polysemous lexical items in learner‘s dictionaries based on the conception of polysemy as developed by Cognitive Semantics. First we analyze in which way the four main dictionaries known under the label of learner‘s dictionary present their senses – CALD (2008), COBUILD (2006), LDCE (2009) e OALD (2005). We consider two variables in this analysis: (i) the use of a homonymic or a polysemous solution for structuring the entry and (ii) the sense division and ordering. From the analysis, we find out that the solutions applied in the dictionaries vary, for they adopt both a polysemous solution, with and without a division within the entry, and a homonymic solution, through morphological and semantic criteria. Regarding the senses, on the one hand, the way the dictionaries split and relate them is different. On the other hand, the criteria used in the dictionaries for ordering senses showed to be unsatisfactory, because some of the works do not explicit which criteria they apply in sense ordering, and because the use of the same criterion (frequency) in different dictionaries yields distinct results. Moreover, in order to use frequency as an objective criterion, the definition of quantitative parameters, which are still not available, would be made necessary. Hereafter, we discuss theoretical-methodological issues raised when it comes to sense ordering: this microstructural organization is dependent upon other variables, such as its relation to a theory of word meaning and a theory of lexicographical definition. At the end of this work, we present the characteristics of the prototypical conception of lexical structure that could be applied to lexicography to deal with the problem of representing polysemy in learner‘s dictionaries. We, then, propose some entries developed according to criteria we established in order to use cognitive semantic notions in sense arrangement.

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Aji, Hani. "La conception d’un dictionnaire bilingue arabe/français/ français/arabe de verbes supports destinés à la traduction." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2036.

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Ce travail vise à étudier les collocations à verbe support. Un phénomène qui a été introduit par Z. Harris (1964) et décrit par plusieurs chercheurs à la suite des travaux du laboratoire d’automatique documentaire et linguistique dirigés par M. Gross. L’un des principaux buts de ce travail est de savoir comment ces phénomènes sont construits et comment les modéliser et les anticiper. Il s’agira de donner les caractéristiques différenciant ce phénomène des autres constructions comme les locutions figées, en nous penchant sur sa charge sémantique considérée à tort comme vide de sens.Cette recherche est faite dans l’optique de créer un dictionnaire bilingue de verbes supports (arabe – français) (français – arabe). C’est en ce sens que cette recherche s’intéressera aussi à la traduction de ces verbes supports en arabe afin d’essayer de créer un nouveau type d’article dictionnairique spécialement conçu pour ces derniers. Pour créer cet article dictionnairique, nous chercherons à démontrer la possibilité de classer les noms prédicatifs et leurs verbes supports suivants des catégories. Les noms prédicatifs seront divisés suivant des catégories lexicales engendrées par une ontologie binaire construite avec quatre notions et dégageant onze catégories lexicales. Les verbes supports sont à leur tour divisés en catégories sémantiques de verbes supports « scénarios » suivants lesquelles ils sont classés et peuvent être anticipés. Ces scénarios répondront aux deux critères de la limitation en nombre de scénarios et de l’exhaustivité de l’application
This work aims at studying light verb colocations. A phenomenon that was introduced by Z. Harris (1964) and described by several researchers following the lab work of automatic documentary and linguistics directed by M. Gross.One of the main goals of this work is to know how these phenomena are built and how to model them and anticipate them. It will cover the characteristics differentiating this phenomenon from the other constructions like idioms, by leaning on its semantic load considered wrongly as meaningless.This research is done with the aim of creating a bilingual dictionary of light verbs (Arabic - French) (French - Arabic). Therefore, this research will also focus on the translation of these Arabic verbs in order to try to create a new type of dictionary article specially designed for them.To create this dictionary article, we will try to demonstrate the possibility of classifying the predicative nouns and their following light verbs into categories. Predicative nouns will be divided into lexical categories generated by a binary ontology created with four notions and distinguishing eleven lexical categories.The light verbs will be divided into semantic categories of light verbs "scenarios" following which they are classified and can be anticipated. These scenarios will meet the two criteria of limiting the number of scenarios and entireness/exhaustiveness of the application

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Fouche, Michele. "'n Evaluering van die semantiese inligting in die verklarende handwoordeboek van die Afrikaanse taal." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4612.

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Thesis (MA (Afrikaans Language))--University of Stellenbosch, 1990.
199 leaves single sided printed, preliminary pages and numbered pages 1-187. Includes bibliography. Digitized using a Bizhub 250 Scanner to pdf format (OCR).
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An evaluation of semantic information in a dictionary must take into account all aspects of meaning of lexical items. Therefore the different homonyms and polysemous senses of lexical items and the underlying semantic relations between lexical items are accounted for. A description should be given of the lexical items which form the macrostructure of HAT. These lexical items include sublexical, multilexical and free lexical items. The treatment of multilexical items in HAT is not satisfactory at present and suggestions are made for the improvement of the situation. Possible solutions for distinguishing between homonymy and polysemy are given. Suggestions to determine the possible polysemous senses of a lexical item are also made. The ordering of polysemous senses and different homonyms are discussed. It is essential to make use of a synchronic criterion to distinguish between homonymy and polysemy. The HAT's treatment of semantic relations between lexical items is not always very succesfull. The semantic relation which receives the most substantial treatment is that of semantic inclusion between lexical items. The HAT's treatment of synonyms is not without problems. More attention should be given to semantic linking and semantic opposition between lexical items. An evaluation of the system of cross-references in HAT is given, with special reference to the function of cross-references. Sometimes indistinct typographical conventions are used and they confuse the user of the dictionary. The indistinct use of typographical conventions has a detrimental influence on the transfer of information. The cross-reference system of HAT can be improved by an informative explanation in the general introduction, focusing on ways and means to use it more specifically, unambiguously and consistently. A distinction is made between various types of definitions used to define lemmas. Well known lexicographic definitions such as definitions per genus et differentia, synonymdefinitions, example definitions, circular definitions and descriptive definitions are discussed. The usage definition and two definitions which explicate a semantic plus value, the contrast and diminutive definitions, are identified. Attention is also given to the role of the general introduction in a standard synchronic dictionary. Suggestions are made to improve the general introduction of HAT.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer semantiese inligting in 'n woordeboek ondersoek word, word alle aspekte van leksikale items se betekenis in ag geneem. Dit sluit homonimiese vorme en polisemiese onderskeidinge van leksikale items in, asook die semantiese betrekkinge wat leksikale items onderling met mekaar aangaan. Die leksikale items wat die makrostruktuur van die HAT vorm, word beskryf. Dit sluit subleksikale, multileksikale en vrye leksikale items in. Verskillende tipes multileksikale en subleksikale items word onderskei. Tans word multileksikale items in HAT nie na wense hanteer nie en voorstelle word aan die hand gedoen hoe die stelsel verbeter kan word. Moontlike oplossings vir die onderskeidingsprobleem tussen homonimie en polisemie, asook maniere waarop 'n leksikale item se polisemiese onderskeidinge vasgestel kan word, word verskaf. Aandag word ook aan die ordening van polisemiese onderskeidinge en homonimiese vorme gegee. Dit is belangrik dat 'n sinchroniese maatstaf gebruik word om tussen homonimie en polisemie te onderskei. Semantiese betrekkinge tussen leksikale items word met 'n wisselende mate van sukses deur HAT hanteer. Semantiese insluiting tussen leksikale items word die meeste beskryf. Daar bestaan egter probleme by die hantering van sinonimie tussen leksikale items. Semantiese aansluiting tussen leksikale items word min deur die woordeboek aangedui. Semantiese opposisie tussen leksikale items kan ook meer deur die HAT aangedui word. Die kruisverwysingstelsel van die HAT word ondersoek. Funksies van kruisverwysings word beskryf. Kruisverwysings word wel deur die HAT redaksie gebruik, maar hulle kan nog meer gebruik word. Soms word onduidelike tipografiese konvensies gebruik en dit het swak inligtingsoordrag tot gevolg. Die kruisverwysingstelsel van die HAT kan verbeter word deur dit in die toeligtende aantekeninge te verduidelik, spesifiek en ondubbelsinnig toe te pas en deur dit konsekwent te gebruik. Verskillende tipes definisies waarmee leksikale items gedefinieer word, word onderskei. Bekende leksikografiese definisies soos genus-differentia-definisies, sinoniemdefinisies, voorbeelddefinisies, sirkeldefinisies en deskriptiewe definisies word bespreek. Die gebruiksdefinisie en twee definsies wat semantiese pluswaardes ekspliseer, naamlik die teenstellingsdefinisie en die verkleiningsdefinisie,word geidentifiseer. Die rol van toeligtende aantekeninge in 'n handwoordeboek word bespreek. Daar word gewys op die swak toeligtende aantekeninge van die HAT. Voorstelle word gedoen oor hoe die hantering van semantiese inligting in die toeligtende aantekeninge verduidelik moet.

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Silva, Bruna da. "Lexicografia eletrônica e semântica de frames: o potencial da noção de frame para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7049.

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Este trabalho, que se insere na interface entre Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982; 1985) e Lexicografia Eletrônica, objetiva investigar a contribuição da noção de frame para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online, a partir: (i) de uma análise metalexicográfica do Dicionário Olímpico (CHISHMAN, 2016) e de um conjunto de dicionários digitais online convencionais e (ii) de uma análise comparativa entre o Dicionário Olímpico e o conjunto dos demais dicionários, tendo como base o arcabouço teórico da Lexicografia Eletrônica, da Lexicografia tradicional e da Semântica Cognitiva. Para tanto, nos voltamos para a bibliografia da Semântica de Frames, de modo a dar destaque, num primeiro momento, aos preceitos subjacentes à noção de frame e ao potencial teórico desse conceito para a descrição do significado lexical e, num segundo momento, ao viés aplicado da teoria na relação com a Lexicografia (FILLMORE, 2003; FILLMORE; ATKINS, 1992). Porém, propomos uma ampliação da proposta original da interface, na medida em que nos voltamos para a literatura da Lexicografia Eletrônica. Nesse sentido, oferecemos um panorama relativo à área que se dedica ao desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais, de modo a tratar dos desafios, expectativas e demandas que se delineiam a partir da trajetória histórica do campo e de sua configuração atual. A metodologia pode ser dividida em quatro partes que correspondem: (i) à seleção do conjunto de dicionários digitais online convencionais a serem analisados; (ii) aos desdobramentos relativos à análise metalexicográfica, que apontaram para a necessidade de refletir sobre uma proposta de Metalexicografia Digital que sistematizasse os critérios metalexicográficos específicos da Lexicografia Eletrônica; (iii) à elaboração de formulários da análise metalexicográfica, relativos à composição e à natureza de dicionários online e à pesquisa da história da Lexicografia Eletrônica; e (iv) à descrição das estratégias de análise, contemplando os procedimentos de preenchimento dos formulários, a elaboração de fichas de observação e a montagem de rankings dos dicionários. A análise e discussão dos dados se deu a partir das informações obtidas por meio dos materiais de análise e teve como finalidade servir para a discussão acerca do modo como os dicionários evidenciam a identidade digital online e acerca do papel da noção de frame na construção da identidade digital online do Dicionário Olímpico. Os resultados evidenciaram que a falta de clareza sobre formas de assumir a identidade digital online de modo eficiente constitui o principal obstáculo para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online; que a identidade digital se apresenta em diferentes níveis nas ferramentas analisadas e está relacionada ao fato de os dicionários possuírem ou não uma contraparte impressa; e que a noção de frame desempenhou o papel de fornecer as diretrizes para uma apresentação eficiente dos elementos digitais no Dicionário Olímpico. Por fim, constatamos que a noção de frame contribui para o desenvolvimento de dicionários digitais online na medida em que as noções de ‘conhecimento enciclopédico’, ‘empirismo’ e ‘continuidades entre linguagem e experiência’, subjacentes à noção de frame, são responsáveis pelo fato de, em um dicionário baseado em frames, os elementos digitais assumirem funções mais centrais na construção do significado.
This study that is inserted in the interface between Frame Semantics (FILLMORE, 1982, 1985) and Electronic Lexicography aims at investigating the contribution of the notion of frame to the development of online digital dictionaries, based on (i) a metalexicographic analysis of the Dicionário Olímpico (CHISHMAN, 2016) and a set of conventional online digital dictionaries and (ii) a comparative analysis between the Dicionário Olímpico and all other dictionaries, based on the theoretical framework of Electronic Lexicography, traditional Lexicography and Cognitive Semantics. Therefore, we return our attention to the bibliography of Frames Semantics, in order to highlight, in a first moment, the precepts underlying the notion of frame and the theoretical potential of this concept for the description of the lexical meaning and, in a second moment, the applied theory bias in relation to Lexicography (FILLMORE, 2003; FILLMORE and ATKINS, 1992). However, we propose an extension of the original interface proposal, as we turn to the literature of Electronic Lexicography. In this sense, we offer a panorama related to the area that is dedicated to the development of digital dictionaries, in order to deal with the challenges, expectations and demands that are outlined from the historical trajectory of the field and its current configuration. The methodology can be divided into four parts that correspond to: (i) the selection of the set of conventional online digital dictionaries to be analyzed; (ii) the developments related to the metalexicographic analysis, which pointed out the need to reflect on a proposal of Digital Metalexicography that systematized the specific metalexicographic criteria of the Electronic Lexicography; (iii) the elaboration of metalexicographic analysis forms, concerning the composition and nature of online dictionaries and the research on the history of Electronic Lexicography; and (iv) the description of the analysis strategies, including the procedures for completing the forms, the preparation of observation sheets and the assembly of dictionary rankings. The analysis and discussion of the data was based on the information obtained through the analysis materials and was intended to serve the discussion about the way in which the dictionaries show the online digital identity and about the role of the notion of frame in the construction of the online digital identity from Dicionário Olímpico. The outcomes showed that: the lack of clarity about ways to assume the online digital identity efficiently is the main obstacle to the development of online digital dictionaries; the digital identity presents itself at different levels in the tools analyzed and is related to the fact that the dictionaries have or do not have a printed counterpart; and the notion of frame played the role of providing the guidelines for an efficient presentation of the digital elements in the Dicionário Olímpico. Lastly, we find that the notion of frame contributes to the development of online digital dictionaries insofar as the notions of “encyclopedic knowledge”, “empiricism” and “continuities between language and experience”, which underlie the notion of frame, are responsible for the fact that, in a dictionary based on frames, the digital elements take on more central functions in the construction of meaning.

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Souza, Diego Spader de. "Jogada de letra: um estudo sobre colocações à luz da semântica de frames." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2015. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3924.

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O objetivo da presente dissertação é discutir a relação existente entre o fenômeno linguístico das colocações e os conceitos da teoria da Semântica de Frames (FILLMORE, 1982; 1985). O trabalho se insere no contexto de dois projetos de pesquisa desenvolvidos pelo grupo SemanTec, o Field – Dicionário de Expressões do Futebol (CHISHMAN, 2014), já disponível para consulta na web, e o Dicionário Eletrônico Modalidades Olímpicas (CHISHMAN, 2014), ainda em fase inicial. Os dois dicionários citados se organizam a partir da noção de frame semântico proposta por Fillmore (1982; 1985), de forma que a dissertação busca evidenciar de que forma esse conceito (e os conceitos que o cercam) repercutem no tratamento lexicográfico dispensado às colocações. Nesse sentido, a revisão da literatura, apresentada nos capítulos 2 e 3, discute as bases teóricas para o estudo das colocações e da Semântica de Frames. O método da pesquisa consiste na análise de 74 colocações da linguagem do futebol. A escolha dessas estruturas parte do estudo de 500 combinações lexicais extraídas a partir de um corpus em português brasileiro do discurso do futebol através do software Sketch Engine. A análise das 74 colocações selecionadas acontece em duas fases: a primeira se dedica a averiguar os aspectos quantitativos do conjunto de dados e as características estruturais das colocações da linguagem do futebol; a segunda etapa foca na relação dessas combinações com os preceitos teóricos da Semântica de Frames e da sua contraparte computacional, a FrameNet, a fim de perceber de que modo esse arcabouço teórico oferece subsídios para o tratamento das colocações em contextos lexicográficos. Entre os principais resultados da primeira fase de análise, destaca-se o fato de que a maior parte das colocações do futebol designa estruturas verbais, como fazer gol e mandar bola, o que demonstra que a linguagem esportiva é marcada pela dinâmica das ações e dos eventos que ocorrem durante a partida. Além disso, foi possível perceber que as colocações nominais estão fortemente ligadas aos materiais, participantes e locais do contexto futebolístico. A segunda parte demonstrou que as colocações, no âmbito de dicionários baseados em frames, atuam como unidades lexicais, conceito proveniente da FrameNet. Ao serem consideradas unidades lexicais, as colocações são evocadoras de frame, o que as caracteriza como termos que devem estar presentes na lista principal de verbetes. Foi possível notar, contudo, que a evocação de frame a partir das colocações muitas vezes não segue o modelo tradicional presente na FrameNet, especialmente quando se trata das colocações nominais, que não evocam acontecimentos, mas entidades estáticas, como cartão vermelho e tabela de classificação. A presente dissertação evidencia a relevância da Semântica de Frames e da FrameNet para o estudo de unidades complexas como as colocações em contextos lexicográficos. Outro aspecto a ser mencionado é a importância dos recursos metodológicos da Linguística de Corpus para a área em que o estudo se insere.
The present thesis aims at the discussion of the relation that exists between the linguistic phenomenon of collocations and the concepts of Frame Semantics theory (FILLMORE, 1982; 1985). The study has arisen in the context of two research projects developed by the SemanTec group, Field – Football Expressions Dictionary (CHISHMAN, 2014), already available on the web, and Olympic Modalities Electronic Dictionary (CHISHMAN, 2014), still in early stage. Both dictionaries are organized around the notion of semantic frame proposed by Fillmore (1982; 1985), in such a way that the thesis seeks to demonstrate in which way this concept (and the concepts surrounding it) are related to the lexicographic treatment given to collocations. Thus, the literature review, presented in chapters 2 and 3, discusses the theoretical basis of the studies of collocations and Frame Semantics. The research method consists of the analysis of 74 collocations of football language. The choice of these structures was made after the study of 500 lexical combinations extracted from a Brazilian Portuguese corpus of football discourse through the Sketch Engine software. The analysis of the 74 collocations happens in two steps: the first one is dedicated to investigate the quantitative aspects of the data set and the structural characteristics of football language collocations; the second phase focuses on the relation between these combinations and the theoretical assumptions of Frame Semantics and its computational counterpart, FrameNet, in order to see in which way this theoretical outline treats collocations in lexicographic contexts. Among the main results of the first phase of analysis is the fact that a major part of football collocations are verbal, such as score goal and send the ball, which demonstrates that sport language is marked by the dynamics of actions and events that take place in a game. Besides, it was also possible to realize that nominal collocations are strongly connected to the materials, participants and places of football context. The second phase demonstrated that collocations in the scope of frame-based dictionaries act as lexical units, concept arising from FrameNet. Because they are considered lexical units, collocations are seen as frame evokers, thus characterizing them as terms that must be displayed in the main list of entries. However, it was also possible to note, however, that the frame evoking by collocations many times does not follow the traditional model of FrameNet, especially when it comes to nominal collocations that do not evoke events, but static entities, such as red card and classification table. The present thesis evidences the relevance of Frame Semantics and FrameNet for the study of complex units such as collocations in lexicographic contexts. Another aspect to be mentioned is the importance of the methodological resources of Corpus Linguistics to the area in which this study is included.

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Freitas, Érica Santos Soares de. "Em busca do mento perdido. Análise semântico-diacrônica do sufixo -mento, no português." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-29092008-151130/.

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Este trabalho tem um caráter multidisciplinar; faz parte de uma pesquisa mais extensa, cujo objetivo principal é o de estudar, diacronicamente, a formação de palavras do português, com ênfase no processo de sufixação. Direciona-se ao estudo morfológico-diacrônico do sufixo MENTO, precisamente na formação de palavras, por meio do processo derivacional de sufixação; observamos as palavras portuguesas formadas pelo sufixo derivacional MENTO (do latim MEN, MENTUM). Nosso objetivo foi o de identificar os substantivos deverbais, formados por meio de um verbo unido ao sufixo MENTO, e seus significados, para então podermos afirmar a hipótese de todos se originarem de uma ação, construídos pelo modelo verbo + sufixo MENTO. Além disso, também consideramos as acepções semânticas desse sufixo, a fim de apresentarmos algumas formações parafrásticas que denotam um significado no morfema sufixal e não na base das palavras. Com o objetivo de pesquisarmos diacronicamente, como corpus adotamos o Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa em duas versões: publicado em livro e em arquivo digital. Também utilizamos o Corpus do Português e as Cantigas de Santa Maria como corpora para acrescentarmos e alterarmos as datações do dicionário utilizado, além de incluirmos palavras não registradas naquele. A aplicação deste trabalho dá-se no campo da educação superior por meio do estudo da mudança gramatical e da história social do português, com organização simultânea de um corpus de análise.
The present work has a multidisciplinary character and finds its justification before the challenges faced by the contemporary world educational institutions; it is part of a more extensive research, which main objective is to diachronically study the formation of words in Portuguese, with emphasis in the process of suffixation. This work is directed to the diachronic morphological study of the suffix MENTO, more specifically in the formation of words, by means of the derivational process of suffixing; we will observe the Portuguese words formed by the derivational suffix MENTO (from the Latin, MEN, MENTUM). Our objective is to observe the deverbal nouns formed by a verb connected to the suffix MENTO, and its meanings, so we can state the hypothesis that they all origin from an action, formed by the model verb + suffix MENTO. Moreover, we will also research the semantic meanings of this suffix, in order to present some paraphrastic formations that denote a meaning in the suffix morpheme, and not in the base of the word. In order to search diachronically we adopted as corpus the Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa in two versions: as published and in its digital archive. We have also used the Corpus do Português and the Cantigas de Santa Maria as corpora to add and alter the datings of the adopted dictionary, and furthermore, to include words that do not figure in it. The area of application of this work is higher education by means of study of grammatical change and the social history of Portuguese, with the simultaneous organization of an analysis corpus.

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Van, Steenbergen Gerrit Jan. "Semantics, world view and Bible translation : an integrated analysis of a selection of Hebrew lexical items referring to negative moral behaviour in the book of Isaiah." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53048.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.
Tot op hede is die studie van die semantiek tot 'n groot mate bëinvloed deur die taalkundige perspektiefvan die navorser. Dit het dikwels gelei tot resultate wat skeefgetrek is deur die voorveronderstellings van die navorser. Sommige aspekte van betekenis wat van primêre belang is vir die semantiese beskrywing van bepaalde taalkundige konstruksies is in die proses nie genoegsaam, of glad nie, aan die orde gestel nie. Semantiek as 'n interdissiplinêre wetenskap het 'n komplekse karakter aangesien taalkunde, antropologie, kognitiewe sielkunde en, afhangend van die doel van 'n bepaalde semantiese analise, ander verwante dissiplines daarin 'n rol kan speel. Om die rede is daar 'n behoefte aan 'n omvattende benadering in terme waarvan die verskillende faktore verreken kan word. In die semantiese analise van Bybel-Hebreeuse konstruksiesvorm die kulturele agtergrond van leksikale items 'n integrale deel van die semantiese inhoud van hierdie items. In die lig van die beduidende historiese en kulturele verskille tussen die konteks(te) van die Ou Testament en die konteks(te) van hedendaagse lesers is dit dus belangrik om die kulturele dimensie van 'n semantiese analise van Bybels-Hebreeuse leksikale items sistematies aan die orde te stel. So 'n benadering is van groot belang vir Bybelvertaling wat by uitstek 'n proses van interkulturele kommunikasie is. Bybelvertalers het 'n behoefte aan analitiese instrumente wat al die fasette van die semantiese inhoud van Bybels-Hebreeuse lekseme verdiskonteer. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n semantiese model te ontwerp wat vir die doel gebruik kan word. Die vertrekpunt van die studie is die teorie van komponensiële analise. Die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die model word krities bespreek. Die moontlikhede wat hierdie teorie bied vir 'n meer omvattende model word ondersoek. Besondere aandag word gegee aan die nut wat hierdie benadering het as heuristiese instrument vir die semantiese analises. Die komponensiële analise van betekenis word op hierdie manier geïdentifiseer as 'n benadering wat nie te gou afgeskiet moet word as synde te eng strukturalisties nie. Inteendeel, dit kan ook as 'n buigsame instrument ontwikkel word wat nie net betekenisrelasies in terme van dichotomieë kan beskryf nie. Dit kan ook gebruik word om 'n wye verskeidenheid semantiese verhoudings te analiseer wat insigte van die kognitiewe taalkunde insluit. Daar is verder bevind dat die konsep "semantiese universalium" wat 'n belangrike komponent is van sommige benaderings tot leksikale semantiek weinig waarde het vir 'n semantiese analise wat 'n bydrae wil maak tot vertaling as interkulturele kommunikasie. Die universele kategorieë is meestal so generies dat hulle weinig bydrae tot die beskrywing van die fyner nuanses van lekseme wat tot dieselfde semantiese veld behoort. Daar moet eerder gepoog word om in soverre dit moontlik is 'n instument te ontwikkel wat taal en kultuur spesifiek is. Die kategorieë en kriteria vir die semantiese analise moet verder aan die hand van die brontaal en - kultuur self ontwikkel word. Die navorser moet baie versigtig wees dat sy ofhaar eie teoretiese voorveronderstellings nie op die ondersoek-instrument afgedruk word nie. In die ondersoek is gevind dat die kulturele dimensie van die leksikale items nie genoegsaam verreken kan word, sonder om die wêreldbeeld te analiseer wat ten grondslag lê van die tekste waarin die leksikale items voorkom nie. Vir die doel is 'n analitiese modelontwikkel. Hierdie buigsame model gebruik 'n stel veranderlikes om die tipiese wêreldbeeld te identifiseer wat ten grondslag lê van 'n bepaalde korpus van tekste. Nadat die onderliggende wêreldbeeld van die boek van Jesaja beskryf is, word die leksikale items in hierdie boek, wat behoort tot die semantiese veld "negatiewe morele gedrag" geanaliseer. Op grond van die resultate word 'n aantal aanbevelings gemaak oor die wyse waarop hierdie items in 'n Hebreeuse leksikon beskryf kan word.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tot op hede is die studie van die semantiek tot 'n groot mate bëinvloed deur die taalkundige perspektief van die navorser. Dit het dikwels gelei tot resultate wat skeefgetrek is deur die voorveronderstellings van die navorser. Sommige aspekte van betekenis wat van primêre belang is vir die semantiese beskrywing van bepaalde taalkundige konstruksies is in die proses nie genoegsaam, of glad nie, aan die orde gestel nie. Semantiek as 'n interdissiplinêre wetenskap het 'n komplekse karakter aangesien taalkunde, antropologie, kognitiewe sielkunde en, afhangend van die doel van 'n bepaalde semantiese analise, ander verwante dissiplines daarin 'n rol kan speel. Om die rede is daar 'n behoefte aan 'n omvattende benadering in terme waarvan die verskillende faktore verreken kan word. In die semantiese analise van Bybel-Hebreeuse konstruksies vorm die kulturele agtergrond van leksikale items 'n integrale deel van die semantiese inhoud van hierdie items. In die lig van die beduidende historiese en kulturele verskille tussen die konteks(te) van die Ou Testament en die konteks(te) van hedendaagse lesers is dit dus belangrik om die kulturele dimensie van 'n semantiese analise van Bybels-Hebreeuse leksikale items sistematies aan die orde te stel. So 'n benadering is van groot belang vir Bybelvertaling wat by uitstek 'n proses van interkulturele kommunikasie is. Bybelvertalers het 'n behoefte aan analitiese instrumente wat al die fasette van die semantiese inhoud van Bybels-Hebreeuse lekseme verdiskonteer. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n semantiese model te ontwerp wat vir die doel gebruik kan word. Die vertrekpunt van die studie is die teorie van komponensiële analise. Die geskiedenis en ontwikkeling van die model word krities bespreek. Die moontlikhede wat hierdie teorie bied vir 'n meer omvattende model word ondersoek. Besondere aandag word gegee aan die nut wat hierdie benadering het as heuristiese instrument vir die semantiese analises. Die komponensiële analise van betekenis word op hierdie manier geïdentifiseer as 'n benadering wat nie te gou afgeskiet moet word as synde te eng strukturalisties nie. Inteendeel, dit kan ook as 'n buigsame instrument ontwikkel word wat nie net betekenisrelasies in terme van dichotomieë kan beskryf nie. Dit kan ook gebruik word om 'n wye verskeidenheid semantiese verhoudings te analiseer wat insigte van die kognitiewe taalkunde insluit. Daar is verder bevind dat die konsep "semantiese universalium" wat 'n belangrike komponent is van sommige benaderings tot leksikale semantiek weinig waarde het vir 'n semantiese analise wat 'n bydrae wil maak tot vertaling as interkulturele kommunikasie. Die universele kategorieë is meestal so generies dat hulle weinig bydrae tot die beskrywing van die fyner nuanses van lekseme wat tot dieselfde semantiese veld behoort. Daar moet eerder gepoog word om in soverre dit moontlik is 'n instument te ontwikkel wat taal en kultuur spesifiek is. Die kategorieë en kriteria vir die semantiese analise moet verder aan die hand van die brontaal en - kultuur self ontwikkel word. Die navorser moet baie versigtig wees dat sy of haar eie teoretiese voorveronderstellings nie op die ondersoek-instrument afgedruk word nie. In die ondersoek is gevind dat die kulturele dimensie van die leksikale items nie genoegsaam verreken kan word, sonder om die wêreldbeeld te analiseer wat ten grondslag lê van die tekste waarin die leksikale items voorkom nie. Vir die doel is 'n analitiese model ontwikkel. Hierdie buigsame model gebruik 'n stel veranderlikes om die tipiese wêreldbeeld te identifiseer wat ten grondslag lê van 'n bepaalde korpus van tekste. Nadat die onderliggende wêreldbeeld van die boek van Jesaja beskryf is, word die leksikale items in hierdie boek, wat behoort tot die semantiese veld "negatiewe morele gedrag" geanaliseer. Op grond van die resultate word 'n aantal aanbevelings gemaak oor die wyse waarop hierdie items in 'n Hebreeuse leksikon beskryf kan word.

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24

Courbon, Bruno. "Étude sémantique des mots "chance", "fortune", "hasard" et "risque" du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle : perspectives sur le lexique du français et ses usages." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20041.

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La recherche a pour objet la structuration du champ lexical des mots « chance », « fortune », « hasard » et « risque » du XVIIIe au XXIe siècle. Témoin de mutations qu’a connues la civilisation occidentale durant cette période, ce champ, qui se rattache à la notion de fortune / hasard, présente une relative homogénéité sémantique.Les mots (et leurs dérivés) sont étudiés à travers le déploiement, la régulation et la répartition des normes d’usages, non seulement en français hexagonal, mais aussi en français québécois. L’étude se fonde sur l’exploitation de deux types de corpus. D’une part, un corpus d’articles extraits d’une cinquantaine de dictionnaires sert à mettre en évidence la productivité morphosémantique et sémantique de ces unités dans une perspective historique large. D’autre part, un grand ensemble d’énoncés diversifiés permet, par la mise au jour de types de contextes, d’effectuer un suivi diachronique des usages. L’approche continuiste des différences d’usages s’appuie sur une représentation fréquentielle des changements sémantiques.La thèse apporte une contribution à la question de la variation des usages et du changement sémantique, qui ouvre sur plusieurs perspectives. Elle se veut d’abord une réflexion sur la théorie et la méthodologie descriptives, appréhendées à la lumière de l’analyse de la nature et du rôle des corpus. Elle met ensuite en évidence l’importance de la dimension intersubjective dans l’activité de signification, en particulier le rôle déterminant des structures syntagmatiques dans l’établissement de nouveaux usages sémantiques. Enfin, elle permet de mettre en relation le changement sémantique avec les conditions sociohistoriques et les représentations collectives
The present study deals with the way in which the lexical field regrouping the words “chance”, “fortune”, “hazard” and “risqué” has been structured in the French language from the eighteenth century till the present day. Revealing major changes in western societies during this period of time, the field, which corresponds to the linguistic representation of the notion of fortune / hasard, presents a certain coherence.We have examined these words and their derived forms through the display, regulation, and distribution of norms of use, not only in Hexagonal French, but also in Quebec French. Two types of corpora have been analysed. On the one hand, a corpus of articles from around 50 dictionaries has been used to emphasize the lexical and semantic productivity of the different units on a large historical scale. On the other hand, in revealing context types, a set of texts reflecting French language varieties has allowed for carrying out a diachronic analysis of lexical uses. The continuist approach to semantic differences rests upon a frequential representation of semantic changes.The thesis brings a significant contribution to the question of usage variations and semantic change, providing new perspectives. It first deals with theory and methodology of lexical description, considered through the analysis of the nature and the role of corpora. It then evidences the central role of syntagmatic structures in the setting of new semantic uses. The study has finally put into relation semantic changes with their historical background and the collective representations of the time

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Renau, Araque Irene. "Gramática y diccionario : las construcciones con se en las entradas verbales del diccionario de español como lengua extranjera." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97047.

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La presente tesis doctoral aborda los usos de se, su tratamiento en los diccionarios románicos actuales y su representación en un diccionario de aprendizaje de español como lengua extranjera. Su objetivo principal es proponer un modelo de representación para verbos que muestren estos usos. Para ello, se atenderán los siguientes aspectos:  El estado de la cuestión tanto en los estudios de gramática (capítulo 2) como en los lexicográficos (capítulo 3).  La representación de los usos pronominales en los diccionarios románicos actuales, en concreto los de aprendizaje de segunda lengua (capítulo 4).  El análisis sistemático de los usos de se en el corpus, enfocado desde la perspectiva de la Theory of Norms and Exploitations y el Corpus Pattern Analysis de Hanks (2004) (capítulos 5 y 6).  La elaboración de un modelo de entrada lexicográfica verbal que contenga usos con se para un diccionario de ELE (capítulo 7). Los resultados de la tesis son principalmente la elaboración de una base de datos sobre verbos con usos pronominales (capítulo 6, SCPA) y de un prototipo de 20 entradas lexicográficas de los mismos verbos analizados con CPA (capítulo 7).
The present Ph.D. thesis studied the uses of the Spanish particle se, its treatment by current romance dictionaries and its representation in a dictionary for learners of Spanish as a foreign language. The main objective is to propose a model for the representation of the verbs that present the use of se. For this, the following aspects will be analysed:  The review of related work in grammar studies (chapter 2) as well as lexicography (chapter 3).  The representation of pronominal uses in the current romance dictionaries, particularly in those for learners of Spanish as a second language (chapter 4).  The systematic analysis of se in corpora from the perspective of Hanks’ (2004) theory of Norms and Exploitations and Corpus Patterns Analysis (chapter 5 and 6).  The elaboration of a model of a verbal lexical entry for a dictionary of Spanish as a second language containing uses of se (chapter 7). The results of the thesis are mainly the elaboration of a database on Spanish pronominal verbs (chapter 6, Spanish CPA) and of a prototype of 20 lexical entries with the same verbs analysed with CPA (chapter 7).

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Abbas, Munaf. "Les verbes de pensée en arabe et en français : un essai de classification dans une perspective de traduction." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20116/document.

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Ce travail propose une classification universelle des verbes de « pensée ». Il présente également une étude analytique comparative de ce groupe de verbes dans plusieurs langues. Les différences entre les approches classificatrices spécifiques de chaque langue rendent la mission de catégorisation universelle d’une certaine complexité. C’est pourquoi nous nous sommes orientés dans ce travail vers l’exploration de toutes les spécificités de ces verbes en arabe et en français. Nous entamons cette recherche avec un essai de définition de ce que peut représenter un verbe de pensée. Ensuite nous proposons un répertoire de verbes représentatif de toutes les sous-catégories étudiées. Le dictionnaire et l’analyse des données qu’il fournit feront le sujet de notre deuxième partie. Quant à la troisième partie, elle s’appuie sur une analyse sémantico-cognitive de ces verbes. La quatrième et dernière partie présente l’analyse de ces verbes une fois repérés dans le corpus parallèle aligné bilingue
This work proposes a universal classification of verbs of "thought". It also presents a comparative analytical study of this group of verbs in several languages. The differences between the approaches specific classifications of each language make the task of universal categorization more complex. That's why we're facing in this work to the exploration of all the specifics of these verbs in Arabic and French. We begin this research with an attempt to define what can be a verb of thinking. Then we offer a directory of verbs representing all sub-categories studied. The dictionary and the analysis of the data submitted will be the subject of our second game. The third part, it relies on cognitive-semantic analysis of these verbs. The fourth and final section presents the analysis of these verbs when identified in the aligned bilingual parallel corpus

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Delettres, Cécile. "La sémantique des quantificateurs vagues : étude contrastive allemand-français." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040142.

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Cette thèse a pour objet de décrire précisément le sémantisme des quantificateurs vagues du français quelques et plusieurs, et de l’allemand einig-, ein paar, etlich- et mehrer- afin d’en proposer une comparaison. Une analyse qualitative d’un corpus littéraire français nous a permis de dégager des critères de fonctionnement sémantique permettant de rapprocher et de différencier les deux quantificateurs entre eux. Ces critères de fonctionnement ont pu, pour la plupart, être appliqués ensuite aux quantificateurs de l’allemand, analysés à partir d’un corpus parallèle au corpus français. L’étude d’un second corpus allemand, journalistique, a permis de cerner des préférences d’emploi relatives à ce genre de discours. Tous ces quantificateurs vagues partagent un noyau dur de sens « petite quantité vague » et ce sont donc les sèmes et les traits potentiels secondaires qui permettent de connaître le profil sémantique propre de chacun, de comprendre leur fonctionnement et donc leurs préférences d’emploi. Dans une dernière partie nous rapprochons le fonctionnement des quantificateurs des deux langues, proposons des équivalences par contextes d’emploi et des améliorations de leur traitement lexicographique aussi bien monolingue que bilingue
The purpose of this thesis is to describe precisely the semantics of the French vague quantifiers quelques and plusieurs, and of the German einig-, ein paar, etlich- and mehrer- in order to propose a comparison. A qualitative analysis of a French literary corpus has allowed us to extricate semantic operating criteria allowing to differentiate the quantifiers from each other. These operating criteria had the possibility, for the most part, to be then applied to German quantifiers, analyzed from a similar corpus to the French one. The study of a second German corpus, journalistic, has allowed to hone on the preferences of use relative to that kind of speech. All these vague quantifiers share a core meaning of “small vague quantities” and therefore the semes and the secondary potential traits allow to know each’s own semantic profile, to understand their operation and thus their preferred use. In the last part we put together the functioning of both language’s quantifiers, offer equivalencies by context and improvements of their monolingual and bilingual lexicographic treatment

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Mena, Andrea K. "The semantic potential of 'al in Genesis, Psalms, and Chronicles." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71740.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis offers a description of the semantic potential of the Biblical Hebrew lexeme '7l! in Genesis, Psalms, and Chronicles according to a cognitive linguistic perspective. This specific linguistic approach offers a theoretical framework of how humans cognitively organize lexical meaning, which is advantageous for highly polysemous lexemes, such as '7lJ. The need for this study arises because existing Biblical Hebrew resources do not utilize such a framework as is evidenced by their lists of translation equivalents, rather than full descriptions of meanings, and their lack of a clearly defined semantic model underlying their lexical treatment. However, they do provide a starting point that can be built upon with a cognitive linguistic based methodology. Such a methodology is found in Tyler and Evans (2007) case study of over, a frequent English translation of '7lJ. Tyler and Evans (2007) present how to determine the most prototypical semantic sense (i.e., the Proto-Scene) and how to distinguish between other distinct semantic senses, all of which represent the lexeme's semantic potential. This thesis heuristically utilizes this methodology while strongly considering three other factors. First, the syntactic frame surrounding '7l! is evaluated to assess how syntactic information, specifically verbal valency, contributes to the preposition's semantic value. Second, the frequency of each semantic category is assessed to determine possible insight into prototypicality within the defined corpus. Third, a radial structure is proposed to represent the semantic relationships between the prototypical and nonprototypical categories. This type of organization illustrates a clearly defined semantic model underlying the lexical treatment. This study first describes the Proto-Scene, which involves one entity over or upon another. Then, fifteen other distinct semantic categories of '7l! are presented within a radial structure (i.e. The Vertical Cluster: More, Superior, and Control; Contingent Locative; Accompaniment, In, To, Oppositional, For, Frontal, Causal, Norm, Focus of Attention, Instrumental, and Psalms Titles). Finally, the various senses for the morphologically complex lexemes are proposed. These include '7l!1;1 (i.e. From Upon, Away From, Above, and Contingent Locative) and '7l!=? (i.e. As Concerning).
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis heskryf die semantiese potensiaal van die Byhelse Hehreeuse lekseem ?~ in Genesis, Psalms en Kronieke vanuit die perspektief van kognitiewe taalkunde. Hierdie taalkundige model hied 'n teoretiese raamwerk van hoe mense leksikale hetekenis kognitief organiseer. So 'n teoretiese raamwerk is haie geskik vir die heskrywing van 'n polisemiese lekseem soos ?~. Die hehoefte aan 'n meer toereikende teoretiese raamwerk hlyk uit die manier waarop hestaande Byhels-Hehreeuse hulphronne die lekseem heskryf, hyvoorheeld, hulle hied weinig meer as lyste van vertalingsekwiwalente. Hulle hied, nietemin, 'n heginpunt waarop voortgehou kan word met hehulp van 'n kognitiewe taalkundige model. So 'n metodologie word gevind in Tyler en Evans (2007) se gevallestudie van "over", 'n gehruiklike Engelse ekwiwalent vir?~. Tyler en Evans dui aan hoe om die mees prototipiese semantiese hetekenis ( d.i. die "proto-toneel" of "proto-scene") vas te stel, asook hoe om tussen die ander semantiese nuanses ("senses") te onderskei. AI hierdie nuanses verteenwoordig die lekseem se semantiese potensiaal. Hierdie tesis maak op 'n heuristiese wyse gehruik van hierdie metodologie. Terselfde tyd neem dit drie ander faktore in aanmerking: Eerstens, word die sintaktiese raamwerk waarin ?~ voorkom, vasgestel ten einde te hepaal hoe sintaktiese informasie, veral werkwoordelike valensie, hydra tot die semantiese potensiaal van die voorsetsel. Tweedens, word die frekwensie van elke semantiese kategorie hepaal om tot moontlike insigte rakende prototipiese gehruike hinne die vasgestelde korpus te kom. Derdens, word 'n sg. "radial structure" voorgestel om die semantiese verhoudings tussen die prototipiese en nie-prototipiese kategoriee te illustreer. Hierdie studie heskryf, eerstens, die proto-toneel, wat een entiteit bo-oor of op 'n ander hehels. Daama word vyftien ander afsonderlike semantiese kategoriee van ?~ hinne 'n "radial structure" voorgestel ( d.i. die Vertikale Groep: Meer, Superior en Beheer; "Contingent" Lokatief; Begeleiding, In, Na, Teenoor, Vir, Voor, Oorsaaklik, Norm, Fokus van Aandag, Instrumenteel, en Psalmopskrifte ). Laastens, word voorstelle gemaak in verhand met die verskeie hetekenisse van die morphologies-komplekse lekseme ?~~ (d.i. Weg van ho-op, Weg van, Bo, en "Contingent" Lokatief) en ?~:p (d.i. Met Betrekking Tot).

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Souza, Daniela Zaniolo de [UNESP]. "Mudanças lexicais no direito de família brasileiro: necessidade jurídica e evolução lingüística." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93944.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-04-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:34:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_dz_me_arafcl.pdf: 1163076 bytes, checksum: 05c8692c26c6d38e4b45c026d41678f0 (MD5)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em estudar as mudanças havidas nas unidades lexicais relativas ao direito de família, retiradas da parte correspondente ao assunto nas leis brasileiras das mais diversas épocas, a partir das contribuições da Lexicologia. A justificativa do trabalho deve-se ao fato da estreita relação existente entre linguagem e Direito, pois a ciência jurídica se manifesta através da linguagem e depende dela para se realizar. Para a pesquisa, analisou-se um corpus formado por palavras extraídas do Direito de Família, que mantêm relação direta com o conceito restrito de família, que engloba a trindade pai, mãe e filho e partir daí foi feito um recuo no tempo, retomando a legislação civil e penal que trata do assunto, desde as Ordenações Filipinas até os as codificações brasileiras atuais. Com isso, procurou-se observar que as alterações ocorridas tanto nos significantes, como nos significados das unidades estudadas, tais como a criação ou adaptação de palavras ocorrem com o intuito de expressar os fatos jurídicos. Assim, como pretende-se demonstrar, as mudanças nos hábitos sociais influenciam as mudanças nas leis e, conseqüentemente, provocam alterações na linguagem, que são observadas mais diretamente no léxico, fazendo uma palavra surgir ou deixar de ser usada ou ainda, adaptar-se à nova situação jurídica, confirmando a intrínseca relação entre Direito, língua e sociedade.
The aim of this dissertation consists in studying the changes towards Family Law lexical units taken out of different periods of Brazilian Laws, based on their lexicology contributions. The reason behind this written essay is the narrow relation between Language and Law, since the Juridical Science manifests itself in language and depends on it to fulfil its functions. For the research, a corpus formed by words of Family Law was analyzed; words that have a straight relation with the concept of family which embodies the trinity father, mother and son or daughter, and from this principle a retrospection in criminal and civil legislation was placed since the Philippine regulations until the current Brazilian Codifications. Hereby, it was observed the changes in the studied units signifier and signified, as well as the creation or the adaptation of words that express law facts. Therefore, as it is intended to be shown, the changes in social habits influenced the law changes, and consequently caused modifications in language that are directly observed in lexicon, causing a word to appear or not to be used anymore, providing evidences of the narrow relation among Law, Language and Society.

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Souza, Daniela Zaniolo de. "Mudanças lexicais no direito de família brasileiro : necessidade jurídica e evolução lingüística /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93944.

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Orientador: Clotilde de Almeida Azevedo Murakawa
Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino
Banca: Luiz Fabiano Correa
Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em estudar as mudanças havidas nas unidades lexicais relativas ao direito de família, retiradas da parte correspondente ao assunto nas leis brasileiras das mais diversas épocas, a partir das contribuições da Lexicologia. A justificativa do trabalho deve-se ao fato da estreita relação existente entre linguagem e Direito, pois a ciência jurídica se manifesta através da linguagem e depende dela para se realizar. Para a pesquisa, analisou-se um corpus formado por palavras extraídas do Direito de Família, que mantêm relação direta com o conceito restrito de família, que engloba a trindade pai, mãe e filho e partir daí foi feito um recuo no tempo, retomando a legislação civil e penal que trata do assunto, desde as Ordenações Filipinas até os as codificações brasileiras atuais. Com isso, procurou-se observar que as alterações ocorridas tanto nos significantes, como nos significados das unidades estudadas, tais como a criação ou adaptação de palavras ocorrem com o intuito de expressar os fatos jurídicos. Assim, como pretende-se demonstrar, as mudanças nos hábitos sociais influenciam as mudanças nas leis e, conseqüentemente, provocam alterações na linguagem, que são observadas mais diretamente no léxico, fazendo uma palavra surgir ou deixar de ser usada ou ainda, adaptar-se à nova situação jurídica, confirmando a intrínseca relação entre Direito, língua e sociedade.
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation consists in studying the changes towards Family Law lexical units taken out of different periods of Brazilian Laws, based on their lexicology contributions. The reason behind this written essay is the narrow relation between Language and Law, since the Juridical Science manifests itself in language and depends on it to fulfil its functions. For the research, a corpus formed by words of Family Law was analyzed; words that have a straight relation with the concept of family which embodies the trinity father, mother and son or daughter, and from this principle a retrospection in criminal and civil legislation was placed since the Philippine regulations until the current Brazilian Codifications. Hereby, it was observed the changes in the studied units signifier and signified, as well as the creation or the adaptation of words that express law facts. Therefore, as it is intended to be shown, the changes in social habits influenced the law changes, and consequently caused modifications in language that are directly observed in lexicon, causing a word to appear or not to be used anymore, providing evidences of the narrow relation among Law, Language and Society.
Mestre

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Lázaro, Hernández Jorge Adrián. "El ejemplo en terminología: caracterización y extracción automática." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/348875.

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En esta tesis se presenta una propuesta para la extracción automática de ejemplos desde corpus lingüísticos a partir de criterios lingüísticos y estadísticos. Con base en una fórmula denominada densidad lexicométrica se creó una herramienta capaz de obtener candidatos a ejemplos en español: GENEX (Générateur d’Examples). La densidad lexicométrica surge a partir de la propuesta teórica denominada saturación semántica, una noción que intenta explicar el proceso por el cual, idealmente, un concepto podría conocerse en todas sus realizaciones. Se hace una propuesta, también, de caracterización del ejemplo en terminología con el fin de demostrar que es una categoría de datos imprescindible en un diccionario ya que auxilia el proceso de aprehensión de nuevos conceptos y funciona como complemento conceptual de una definición terminográfica.
En esta tesis se presenta una propuesta para la extracción automática de ejemplos desde corpus lingüísticos a partir de criterios lingüísticos y estadísticos. Con base en una fórmula denominada densidad lexicométrica se creó una herramienta capaz de obtener candidatos a ejemplos en español: GENEX (Générateur d’Examples). La densidad lexicométrica surge a partir de la propuesta teórica denominada saturación semántica, una noción que intenta explicar el proceso por el cual, idealmente, un concepto podría conocerse en todas sus realizaciones. Se hace una propuesta, también, de caracterización del ejemplo en terminología con el fin de demostrar que es una categoría de datos imprescindible en un diccionario ya que auxilia el proceso de aprehensión de nuevos conceptos y funciona como complemento conceptual de una definición terminográfica.

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Олійник, Д. О., Олена Анатоліївна Кириченко, Елена Анатольевна Кириченко, and Olena Anatoliivna Kyrychenko. "Неологізми і способи їх творення в професійній сфері сучасної англійськоі та української мов." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77320.

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Величезний потік нових слів та необхідність їх фіксування і пояснення зумовили створення особливої галузі лексикології – неології – науки про неологізми. Сам термін «неологізм» позначає нове слово (стійке сполучення слів), нове або за формою або за змістом. Виходячи з цього, у складі неологізмів можна виділити власне неологізми (новизна форми поєднується з новизною змісту), трансномінацію, яка поєднує новизну форми слова зі значенням, яке вже передавалося раніше іншою формою;семантичні інновації або переосмислення (нове значення позначається формою, яка вже була в мові).Порівняно велику групу лексичних неологізмів, що з'явилися в сучасній українській мові новітнього періоду, становлять інноваційні терміни науки, техніки, виробництва. Мовна практика останніх років збагатилася словами на означення нових для України галузей наук.
Огромный поток новых слов и необходимость их фиксирования и объяснения обусловили создание особой отрасли лексикологии - неологии - науки о неологизмах. Сам термин «неологизм» обозначает новое слово (устойчивое сочетание слов), новое или по форме, или по содержанию. Исходя из этого, в составе неологизмов можно выделить собственно неологизмы (новизна формы сочетается с новизной содержания), трансноминацию, которая сочетает новизну формы слова со значением, которое уже передавалось ранее в другой форме; семантические инновации или переосмысления (новое значение обозначается формой, которая уже была в языке). Сравнительно большую группу лексических неологизмов, появившихся в современном украинском языке новейшего периода, составляют инновационные термины науки, техники, производства. Языковая практика последних лет обогатилась словами для обозначения новых для Украины отраслей наук.
The huge flow of new words and the need to capture and explain them led to the creation of a special branch of lexicology - neology - the science of neologisms.The term "neologism" itself means a new word (a steady combination of words), new either in form or content. So, neologisms can be distinguished as neologisms themselves (newness of form is combined with newness of content), transnomination that combines newness of word form with meaning that has already been transmitted in another form; semantic innovation or rethinking (the new meaning is denoted by a form already existing in the language). A relatively large group of lexical neologisms that have appeared in the modern Ukrainian language of the recent period are innovative terms of science, technology, and production. The linguistic practice of recent years has been enriched with words to identify new for Ukraine branches of science.

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Abdulhay, Authoul. "Constitution d'une ressource sémantique arabe à partir d'un corpus multilingue aligné." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00836764.

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Cette thèse vise à la mise en œuvre et à l'évaluation de techniques d'extraction de relations sémantiques à partir d'un corpus multilingue aligné. Ces relations seront extraites par transitivité de l'équivalence traductionnelle, deux lexèmes possédant les mêmes équivalents dans une langue cible étant susceptibles de partager un même sens. D'abord, nos observations porteront sur la comparaison sémantique d'équivalents traductionnels dans des corpus multilingues alignés. A partir des équivalences, nous tâcherons d'extraire des "cliques", ou sous-graphes maximaux complets connexes, dont toutes les unités sont en interrelation, du fait d'une probable intersection sémantique. Ces cliques présentent l'intérêt de renseigner à la fois sur la synonymie et la polysémie des unités, et d'apporter une forme de désambiguïsation sémantique. Elles seront créées à partir de l'extraction automatique de correspondances lexicales, basée sur l'observation des occurrences et cooccurrences en corpus. Le recours à des techniques de lemmatisation sera envisagé. Ensuite nous tâcherons de relier ces cliques avec un lexique sémantique (de type Wordnet) afin d'évaluer la possibilité de récupérer pour les unités arabes des relations sémantiques définies pour des unités en anglais ou en français. Ces relations permettraient de construire automatiquement un réseau utile pour certaines applications de traitement de la langue arabe, comme les moteurs de question-réponse, la traduction automatique, les systèmes d'alignement, la recherche d'information, etc.

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Pugeault, Florence. "Extraction dans les textes de connaissances structurées : une méthode fondée sur la sémantique lexicale linguistique." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30164.

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Cette these presente des travaux qui s'inscrivent dans le cadre de l'informatique linguistique et plus precisement dans le domaine de l'extraction de connaissances a partir de textes. Notre but est d'aller au-dela de l'indexation classique par mots-cles en representant l'information retenue comme pertinente sous une forme structuree. Ce projet a fait l'objet d'une collaboration avec la direction des etudes et des recherches d'edf. Pour representer le contenu semantique de textes rediges sans contrainte d'expression, nous avons distingue trois niveaux d'analyse: le niveau pragmatique, le niveau linguistique et le niveau conceptuel. Le niveau pragmatique permet le decoupage d'un texte selon ses parties rhetoriques qui correspondent a des articulations. Le niveau linguistique consiste a structurer les fragments de phrases pertinents pour chaque articulation sous la forme de structures predicatives etiquetees par des roles thematiques precis. Enfin, le niveau conceptuel vise a ameliorer la qualite d'exploitation des resultats du niveau linguistique, notamment en vue de l'interrogation de bases documentaires. Apres analyse de differentes approches, nous avons retenu la lcs (structure lexicale conceptuelle), theorie de jackendoff, pour representer conceptuellement les predicats consideres. Notre contribution sur le plan linguistique a consiste en un travail en profondeur sur la definition de l'ensemble des ressources linguistiques necessaires aux differentes etapes d'analyse que nous avons identifiees. Nous avons notamment defini un ensemble de roles thematiques qio ont une dimension cognitive et un certain nombre de donnees supplementaires en relation avec la lcs (primitives, etc. ). Nous avons aussi caracterise des elements de methode pour la definition de ressources lcs specifiques a un corpus donne. Nos analyses ont ete validees par la mise en uvre du prototype papins (prototype d'analyse pour la production d'index semantiques) que nous avons developpe en prolog

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Lefrançois, Maxime. "Représentation des connaissances sémantiques lexicales de la Théorie Sens-Texte : conceptualisation, représentation, et opérationnalisation des définitions lexicographiques." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071945.

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Nous présentons une recherche en ingénierie des connaissances appliquée aux prédicats linguistiques et aux définitions lexicographiques de la théorie Sens-Texte (TST). Notre méthodologie comporte trois étapes. 1. Nous montrons en quoi la conceptualisation de la TST devrait être étendue pour faciliter sa formalisation. Nous justifions la nécessité de définir un niveau sémantique profond (SemP) à base de graphes. Nous y définissons la notion de type d'unité sémantique profonde et sa structure actancielle, de sorte que leur organisation hiérarchique puisse correspondre à une hiérarchie de sens au sein de laquelle ces structures actancielles sont héritées et spécialisées. Nous reconceptualisons les définitions lexicographiques au niveau SemP, et au niveau du dictionnaire. Finalement, nous présentons un prototype d'éditeur de définitions basé sur la manipulation directe de graphes. 2. Nous proposons un formalisme de représentation des connaissances adapté à cette conceptualisation. Nous démontrons que les logiques de description et le formalisme des Graphes Conceptuels ne sont pas adaptés, et nous construisons alors un nouveau formalisme, dit des Graphes d'Unités. 3. Nous étudions l'opérationnalisation du formalisme des Graphes d'Unités. Nous lui associons une sémantique formelle basée sur la théorie des modèles et l'algèbre relationnelle, et montrons que les conditions de décidabilité du raisonnement logique correspondent aux intuitions des lexicographes. Nous proposons également une implémentation du formalisme avec les standards du web sémantique, ce qui permet de profiter des architectures existantes pour l'interopérationnalisation sur le web des données lexicales liées.

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Jousse, Anne-Laure. "Modèle de structuration des relations lexicales fondé sur le formalisme des fonctions lexicales." Thèse, Paris 7, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4347.

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Cette thèse porte sur l’élaboration d’un modèle de structuration des relations lexicales, fondé sur les fonctions lexicales de la Théorie Sens-Texte [Mel’cuk, 1997]. Les relations lexicales considérées sont les dérivations sémantiques et les collocations telles qu’elles sont définies dans le cadre de la Lexicologie Explicative et Combinatoire [Mel’cuk et al., 1995]. En partant du constat que ces relations lexicales ne sont pas décrites ni présentées de façon satisfaisante dans les bases de données lexicales, nous posons la nécessité d’en créer un modèle de structuration. Nous justifions l’intérêt de créer un système de fonctions lexicales puis détaillons les quatre perspectives du système que nous avons mises au point : une perspective sémantique, une perspective axée sur la combinatoire des éléments d’une relation lexicale, une perspective centrée sur leurs parties du discours, ainsi qu’une perspective mettant en avant l’élément sur lequel se focalise la relation. Le système intègre l’ensemble des fonctions lexicales, y compris les fonctions lexicales non standard, dont nous proposons une normalisation de l’encodage. Le système a été implémenté dans la base de données lexicale du DiCo. Nous présentons trois applications dans lesquelles il peut être exploité. Premièrement, il est possible d’en dériver des interfaces de consultation pour les bases de données lexicales de type DiCo. Le système peut également être directement consulté en tant qu’assistant à l’encodage des relations lexicales. Enfin, il sert de référence pour effectuer un certain nombre de calculs sur les informations lexicographiques, qui pourront, par la suite, être implémentés pour automatiser la rédaction de certains champs de fiches lexicographiques.
This thesis proposes a model for structuring lexical relations, based on the concept of lexical functions (LFs) proposed in Meaning-Text Theory [Mel’cuk, 1997]. The lexical relations taken into account include semantic derivations and collocations as defined within this theoretical framework, known as Explanatory and Combinatorial Lexicology [Mel’cuk et al., 1995]. Considering the assumption that lexical relations are neither encoded nor made available in lexical databases in an entirely satisfactory manner, we assume the necessity of designing a new model for structuring them. First of all, we justify the relevance of devising a system of lexical functions rather than a simple classification. Next, we present the four perspectives developped in the system: a semantic perspective, a combinatorial one, another one targetting the parts of speech of the elements involved in a lexical relation, and, finally, a last one emphasizing which element of the relation is focused on. This system covers all LFs, even non-standard ones, for which we have proposed a normalization of the encoding. Our system has already been implemented into the DiCo relational database. We propose three further applications that can be developed from it. First, it can be used to build browsing interfaces for lexical databases such as the DiCo. It can also be directly consulted as a tool to assist lexicographers in encoding lexical relations by means of lexical functions. Finally, it constitutes a reference to compute lexicographic information which will, in future work, be implemented in order to automatically fill in some fields within the entries in lexical databases.
Thèse réalisée en cotutelle avec l'Université Paris Diderot (Paris 7)

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Sendi, Monia. "La géométrie du sens : la polysémie verbale en question." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL028.

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Notre étude porte sur la notion de géométrie de sens. Ainsi, l’étude de la notion de verbe occupe l’axe principal de notre thèse. Cette notion est connue par sa complexité. Cela s’explique par la forte polysémie des verbes français. Nous avons focalisé notre étude sur l’analyse syntactico-sémantique des verbes « monter» et « passer ». La notion de polysémie, malgré sa grande importance, reste toujours très difficile à formaliser. Nous avons tenté, dans cette étude, d’utiliser trois dictionnaires électroniques pour désambiguïser les verbes « monter » et « passer ». Ce travail permet de rendre compte de l’influence de la syntaxe et du lexique sur les sens de ces deux verbes. Dans notre démarche, nous avons utilisé la méthode de désambiguïsation automatique de B. Victorri qui a pour spécificité l’analyse des unités lexicales polysémiques. Ce modèle se base sur des théories linguistiques et il exploite les mathématiques et l’informatique dans l’objectif de bien décrire et de résoudre le problème de la polysémie verbale. Donc, notre travail est pluridisciplinaire. C’est là où l’informatique et les mathématiques sont au service de l’analyse des langues naturelles
Our study focuses on the concept of geometry of sense. the study of the concept of verb occupies the main axis of our thesis. This concept is known for its complexity. This is explained by the polysemy of French verbs. We focused our study on the syntactic-semantic analysis of the two verbs "to climb " and "to pass". Indeed, the multiplicity of use involves the notion of verbal polysemy. This notion despite its importance is still very difficult to formulate. We have tried in this study using three electronic dictionaries to disambiguate the verbs "to climb " and "to pass". This work allows us to account for the influence of the syntax and vocabulary of the senses of these two verbs. We explained the opportunity to disambiguate a polysemous verb not by recourse to a list of synonyms but by a set of meanings in specific syntactic constructions. In our approach, we used an automatic method of disambiguation B Victorri that has specificity for the analysis of polysemous lexical units. We found that there is reconciliation between the theoretical analysis and the analysis given by this method. This model is based on linguistic theories and operates mathematics and computer with the aim to clearly describe and solve the problem of verbal polysemy. So our work is multidisciplinary. This is where computer science and mathematics is at the service of the analysis of natural languages

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Puget, Dominique. "Aspects sémantiques dans les Systèmes de Recherche d'Informations." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30139.

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Les travaux de recherche exposes dans ce memoire relevent du domaine de l'informatique documentaire, et se situent plus particulierement parmi les travaux sur les systemes intelligents en recherche d'informations. Notre etude s'inscrit dans le prolongement du projet infodiab, qui est un systeme de recherche d'informations utilisant le langage courant comme source d'informations et comme moyen d'interrogation. Ce systeme est destine a faciliter la prise en charge d'une maladie grave et contraignante: le diabete. Notre premiere contribution a permis le couplage de infodiab avec le systeme dialog (une messagerie et un forum) que nous avons developpe dans le but de favoriser le dialogue entre les patients diabetiques et leur medecin generaliste, mais egalement afin de pouvoir mettre a jour le fonds documentaire du systeme de recherche d'informations, et ceci principalement en fonction des besoins en informations des utilisateurs. Notre deuxieme contribution a pour but la realisation d'un systeme de recherche d'informations base sur un modele de representation qui s'inspire de la theorie des graphes conceptuels en reprenant les grands principes. La structure utilisee pour representer la connaissance est un graphe oriente assimilable a un graphe conceptuel que nous avons appele graphe syntaxique. L'interet de notre approche est de gerer la syntaxe et la semantique utiles et representatives dans le domaine de l'application pour la representation des documents et l'evaluation des requetes, et ceci afin d'obtenir un modele de representation suffisamment simple pour permettre une manipulation efficace. Par rapport aux systemes de recherche classiques, notre systeme offre tout d'abord une meilleure comprehension des documents et des requetes. Ceci se traduit par une reconnaissance des relations syntaxiques et semantiques entre les termes d'un document ou d'une requete. De plus, notre systeme permet une comparaison intelligente entre un document et une requete, ce qui signifie en fait l'utilisation des connaissances syntaxiques et semantiques entre les differents termes durant l'evaluation d'une requete. Ainsi, cela contribue a ameliorer le taux de rappel et le taux de precision du systeme

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Robertson, Judith Smyth. "Australian lexicography 1880-1910." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151727.

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Lemmer, Liza. "The polysemic nature of the preposition [min] (min) in Biblical Hebrew :|ba study in the book of Judges / Liza Lemmer." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/13348.

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This study investigates the polysemy of the preposition מִן (min) in Biblical Hebrew. The complexity relating to the senses of this preposition has long been recognised, but existing sources differ about the primary sense of מִן (min), as well as the delimitation of the derived senses. In order to provide a more systematic account of the senses of מִן (min) the principled polysemy approach, which was developed by Tyler and Evans (2003), was employed. This methodology is grounded in the theoretical framework of cognitive semantics. The criteria provided for determining the primary sense point to a sense in which מִן (min) indicates both locational source and separation. These two elements are both present in the primary sense. By applying criteria for determining distinct senses, ten additional usages of מִן (min) were identified, namely, material source, partitive, cause, agent, origin, position, exception, comparison, negative consequence, and time. It was shown that all these senses are related to the primary sense in a substantiated way. A semantic network for the preposition מִן (min) was proposed in which it was shown that half of the senses are more related to the source element in the primary sense and the other half to the separation element of the primary sense.
MA (Semitic Languages), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014

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Tien, Adrian. "Early lexical exponents & 'related' lexical items as manifestation of conceptual/semantic primitives in child language." Master's thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/147153.

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Vilas, Boas Marlene Sofia Miranda. "De Cardoso a Houaiss: o léxico das cores: aspetos cognitivos, semânticos e lexicográficos." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/59542.

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Dissertação de mestrado Europeu em Lexicografia
O léxico, como parte da herança cultural de um povo, pode ser classificado em vários subconjuntos, dentre os quais podemos destacar o das cores. Analisar o léxico cromático português é descrever, para além de um sistema que funciona sobre uma base limitada de termos diretos ou livres relacionados com as cores (e.g. vermelho), uma multitude de denominações de cores indiretas ou complexas (e.g. vermelho-cereja; vermelho-escuro, etc.), isto é, significados secundários adquiridos que resultam de analogias, metáforas, metonímias, entre outros. O que propomos neste trabalho, através da análise de dicionários (de Cardoso a Houaiss), é estudar a cor do ponto de vista linguístico, analisando alguns dos aspetos cognitivos, semânticos e lexicográficos dos termos cromáticos. Situando a área de estudo entre a Lexicografia, Lexicologia e a Semântica Cognitiva, procuramos demonstrar a sua importância na criação destes termos, apontando para aspetos universais, em relação à experiência humana, mas também para restrições culturais, em que as línguas estabelecem, e.g., diferentes classificações dentro dos campos cromáticos, como no caso do português, que apresenta uma divisão interna, no campo do *vermelho*, entre cor livre (não determinada no seu uso por uma ligação a um objeto - vermelho/encarnado) e cor contextual (termos cromáticos que ganham novos valores quando associados a um conceito - ruivo; corado). Partindo deste campo cromático, que serviu de exemplo de análise para os restantes inicialmente escolhidos, foram analisados, em primeiro lugar, os artigos dos termos cromáticos simples, as suas definições, exemplos e subentradas formadas por combinações livres ou combinações mais ou menos fixas, permitindo, por sua vez, a análise da evolução semântica: de termos genéricos a significados secundários, figurados ou simbólicos. Em segundo lugar, foram analisadas a formação e disposição das cores complexas nos dicionários e, ainda, obtidos dados quantitativos das cores livres e cores contextuais, bem como analisada a capacidade produtiva da língua na criação de derivados, contribuindo, assim, para a compreensão do tratamento dos termos cromáticos nas obras lexicográficas portuguesas, de forma a serem aperfeiçoadas no futuro, quer em papel, quer online, monolingues ou bilingues.
The lexicon as part of the cultural heritage of a people can be classified into various subsets, among which we can highlight the colours. To analyse the Portuguese chromatic lexicon is to describe, in addition to a system that works on a limited basis of direct or free colour terms (e.g. vermelho), a multitude of indirect or complex colour terms (e.g. vermelho-cereja; vermelho-escuro; etc.), i.e., acquired secondary meanings, resulting from analogies, metaphors, metonymies, etc. In this work, we propose to study colours from the linguistic point of view based on dictionary analysis (from Cardoso to Houaiss), by analysing some of the cognitive, semantic and lexicographic aspects of chromatic terms. Situating the study area between the fields of Lexicography, Lexicology and Cognitive Semantics, we try to demonstrate their importance in creating these terms, pointing to universal aspects in relation to human experience, but also to cultural constraints that lead languages to establish, e.g., different classifications within the colour fields, as in the case of the Portuguese that establishes an internal division in the field of *vermelho* between free colour (it is not determined in its use by a connection to an object- vermelho/encarnado) and contextual colour (chromatic terms that gain new values when associated with a concept – ruivo; corado). Taking the aforementioned chromatic field as an example for others fields initially chosen, firstly we analysed the dictionary entries of simple chromatic terms (definition, examples,subentries) formed by free or more or less fixed combinations, thus allowing, the analysis of their semantic evolution: from generic terms to secondary, figurative or symbolic meanings. Secondly, we analysed the formation and arrangement of complex colours in dictionaries and gathered quantitative data concerning the free and contextual colour terms. We also analysed the productive potential of the language to create derivative forms, thus contributing to the understanding of the treatment of chromatic terms in Portuguese lexicographical works and therefore enabling the improvement of paper or online, monolingual or bilingual dictionaries in the future.
Le lexique, dans le cadre du patrimoine culturel d'un peuple, peut être classé en différents sous-ensembles, parmi lesquels on peut mettre en évidence les couleurs. Analyser le lexique chromatique portugais est décrire, au-delà d'un système qui fonctionne sur une base limitée de termes libres de couleurs (e.g. vermelho), une multitude de termes indirects (e.g. vermelho-cereja ; vermelho-escuro, etc.), c’est-à-dire de sens secondaires acquis par des analogies, des métaphores, des métonymies, etc. Ce que nous proposons dans ce travail, à travers l'analyse de dictionnaires (de Cardoso à Houaiss), est d'étudier la couleur du point de vue linguistique, en analysant certains aspects cognitifs, sémantiques et lexicographiques des termes chromatiques. En situant la zone d'étude entre la lexicographie, la lexicologie et la sémantique cognitive, nous essayons de démontrer leur importance dans la création de ces termes, en faisant référence à des aspects universels relatifs à l'expérience humaine, mais aussi à des contraintes culturelles, où les langues établissent des classifications différentes dans les champs de couleur, comme dans le cas du Portugais qui présente une division interne à l’intérieur de *vermelho* entre couleur libre (non déterminée dans son utilisation par une connexion à un objet : vermelho/encarnado) et couleur contextuelle (termes chromatiques qui acquièrent de nouvelles valeurs lorsqu'ils sont associés à un concept : ruivo; corado). En partant du champ chromatique de *vermelho*, qui a servi d'exemple d'analyse pour d'autres couleurs, il a été analysé les entrées des termes chromatiques simples dans les dictionnaires, leurs définitions, des exemples et des sous-entrées formées par des combinaisons libres ou plus ou moins fixes, ce qui nous a permi d’étudier l'évolution sémantique de ces termes, leurs significations secondaires, figuratives ou symboliques. Nous avons analysé aussi la formation et l'organisation des couleurs complexes dans les dictionnaires et également obtenu des données quantitatives sur les couleurs libres et les couleurs contextuelles. Nous avons étudié la capacité productive de la langue dans la création de dérivés. Ces éléments d’analyse contribuent à la compréhension du traitement des termes chromatiques dans les dictionnaires portugais, permettant, ainsi, d’y apporter des améliorations, qu’il s’agisse de dictionnaires sur papier ou en ligne, monolingues ou bilingues.

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Holden, Joshua. "A lexical semantic study of Dene Suliné, an Athabaskan language." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4616.

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Cette thèse constitue une étude systématique du lexique du déné sųłiné, une langue athabaskane du nord-ouest canadien. Elle présente les définitions et les patrons de combinatoire syntaxique et lexicale de plus de 200 unités lexicales, lexèmes et phrasèmes, qui représentent une partie importante du vocabulaire déné sųłiné dans sept domaines: les émotions, le caractère humain, la description physique des entités, le mouvement des êtres vivants, la position des entités, les conditions atmospheriques et les formations topologiques, en les comparant avec le vocubulaire équivalent de l'anglais. L’approche théorique choisie est la Théorie Sens-Texte (TST), une approche formelle qui met l’accent sur la description sémantique et lexicographique empiriques. La présente recherche relève d'importantes différences entre le lexique du déné sųłiné et celui de l'anglais à tous les niveaux: dans la correspondence entre la représentation conceptuelle, considérée (quasi-)extralinguistique, et la structure sémantique; dans les patrons de lexicalisation des unités lexicales, et dans les patrons de combinatoire syntaxique et lexicale, qui montrent parfois des traits propres au déné sųłiné intéressants.
This work constitutes a systematic lexical semantic study of Dene Sųłiné, an Athabaskan language from northwestern Canada. As such, it presents the lexicographic definitions, syntactic and lexical combinatorial patterns of over 200 lexical units (lexemes and idioms) representing part of the core Dene Sųłiné vocabulary for seven semantic fields: terms to describe emotions, human character, physical description, position of an object, atmospheric conditions and topographical features. The theoretical approach used is Meaning-Text Theory (MTT), a formal linguistic approach with a strong empirical focus on semantics and lexicography. This work finds significant differences between Dene Sųłiné and English at all levels: in the relationship between of (quasi-)extralinguistic concepts and linguistic meanings, in the lexicalization or conflation patterns one finds in meanings of lexical units, and finally in the syntactic and lexical combinatorial patterns, which also show interesting language-specific tendencies.

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Schuchová, Milena. "Tschechei a jazykový úzus. Diachronní a synchronní aspekty brizantního toponyma pod drobnohledem." Master's thesis, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-370011.

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This thesis deals with toponym of Tschechei, which has not been studied yet in detail. This topic is still relevant since even today the Czech Republic is also called Tschechei by natives and non-natives. In this work, three theories were formulated, which describe the etymology and usage of this term. These theories were then applied in diachronic and synchronic analyses to find out the meaning of the term Tschechei used by different users of a language. Furthermore, the corresponding theory was assigned to each use. This method proved that this term is present in diachronic as well as in synchronic language usage. This thesis presents a conclusion that the explanation and description of this toponym in the available dictionaries is not sufficient. Therefore, the term of Tschechei is defined as a separate dictionary entry for the prepared German-Czech dictionary.

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Bielický, Viktor. "Valenční slovník arabských sloves." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334592.

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(EN) Valency Dictionary of Arabic Verbs PhDr. Viktor Bielický This dissertation serves as a theoretical background for creating a valency dictionary of verbs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) which is primarily in the form of an electronic database. The Functional Generative Description is used as a theoretical framework for the description of verbal valency in Arabic. Chapter 1 introduces the verbal system of MSA with an emphasis on semantic relations within the system of verbal morpho- semantic patterns (verbal stems). Chapter 2 outlines the current research status of valency in Arabic including various research projects focused on creating electronic databases for Arabic verbs. Chapter 3 presents an overview of a valency theory developed within the Funtional Generative Description and it also provides a brief description of two broad coverage valency dictionaries for the Czech language - VALLEX and PDT-Vallex. Chapter 4, the core of the study, analyses semantics and the surface realization of different types of valency complemens in MSA, i.e. actants, quasi-valency and free (adverbial) complements. The final chapter, Chapter 5, describes the methodology and the structure of the valency dictionary the printed version of which is attached to the thesis. Key words: verbal valency, Modern Standard...

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Hosana, Nxalati Angellah. "The primacy of semantic comments in Xitsonga/English dikixinari/dictionary : a lexicographic analysis." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/160.

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Thesis (M.Ed.) --University of Limpopo, 2009.
Some dictionaries are presented in such a way that their target users could not easily retrieve the required semantic information with special reference to Xitsonga/English Dikixinari/Dictionary (2005). Semantic information in the dictionary is presented unsystematically. In some cases extra-linguistic information in the form of contextual guidance is presented, which is regarded as secondary information in the place of semantic information (which is primary). The study evaluates this dictionary in terms of the primary of semantic comments in Xitsonga/English Dictionary. The study finds that translation equivalents are not arranged systematically in the microstructure. The research concludes that extra-linguistic information in a form of contextual guidance must be systematical used in the microstructure of Xitsonga/English Dikixinary/Dictionary (2005) so that dictionary users could be able to retrieve systematic information that could help them to speak the target language in a communicative functional way. This as a result will lead to communicative success.
Not listed

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"Cognitive universality and cultural variation in the conceptual structure of language about meaning: A cognitive semantic lexicography of the intangible in Old English, Kiswahili, and Yucatec Maya." Tulane University, 2008.

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This dissertation concerns why and how human beings are able to talk and think about intangible phenomena, which is to say phenomena which exist only in minds, 'meaning.' The analysis uses patterns of correlation between linguistic form and meaning at multiple levels of linguistic form, including the distribution of topics in the lexical inventory of each language, types of lexicalization, etymology metaphor, morphology, and usage in discourse. The enquiry synthesizes this data to define both culturally unique and putatively universal aspects of the conceptual/cognitive structures of the intangible, including major ontological categories, conceptual metaphors, lexical conceptual structures, and ideas embodied in cultural discourses about 'meaning.' At the same time, the study compares ideas about language about meaning evident in bodies of oral literature in Old English, Swahili, and Yucatec Maya. The literatures examined were composed by semi-legendary poet-heroes in each culture who seem to have functioned as shamans in their societies. The author argues that the conclusions of the linguistic analysis and the ideas about language expressed by these shaman poets both point to the hypothesis that the ability to speak and think about the intangible is an evolutionary adaptation to problems inherent in the development of consciousness in human beings
acase@tulane.edu

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El, Cherif Widade. "Vers une classification sémantique fine des noms d’agent en français." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14343.

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This thesis proposes a fine-grained semantic classification of what is traditionally named agent nouns in French; it is thus a study of semantic derivation. Our classification was elaborated starting from 1573 agent nouns extracted from the dictionary Le Nouveau Petit Robert. The definitions of several agent nouns in Le Nouveau Petit Robert represent paraphrastic reformulations that are sufficiently close, which allows us to distribute these nouns into semantically more specific subclasses. We have identified 22 subclasses of agent nouns; these subclasses, along with the corresponding lexical units, were described by means of the formalism of lexical functions proposed by Meaning Text theory. We also elaborated definition templates for lexical units of each subclass as well as generalized government patterns (? subcategorization frames) for them. The interest of our work lies in the fact that the suggested classification allows for a more uniform and a more coherent global description of agent nouns.
Le présent travail porte sur une classification sémantique détaillée de ce qu’on appelle traditionnellement les noms d’agent [= S1] en français. Notre classification a été élaborée à partir de 1573 noms d’agent extraits du Nouveau Petit Robert. Les définitions de plusieurs noms d’agent dans le Nouveau Petit Robert représentent des reformulations paraphrastiques suffisamment proches, ce qui permet de repartir ces noms en sous-ensembles sémantiquement plus spécifiques. Nous avons identifié 22 sous-classes de noms d’agent ; ces classes et les lexies correspondantes ont été décrites au moyen du formalisme des fonctions lexicales proposé par la théorie linguistique Sens Texte. Nous avons également élaboré des définitions lexicographiques généralisées pour les lexies de chaque sous-classe, ainsi que leurs schémas de régime (? cadres de sous-catégorisations) généralisés. L’intérêt de notre travail réside dans le fait que la classification proposée mène vers une description globale plus uniforme et plus cohérente des noms d’agent.

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Arbour, Barbaud Évelyne. "Identification et modélisation lexicographique des dépendances syntaxiques régies du français: le cas des dépendances nominales." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8661.

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Cette recherche porte sur l’interface entre la sémantique lexicale et la syntaxe, et elle s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet de base lexicale DiCo (acronyme pour Dictionnaire de combinatoire) à l’Observatoire de Linguistique Sens-Texte [OLST] de l’Université de Montréal. Le projet découle d'une volonté d'inscrire de façon concise et complète, à même le dictionnaire, le comportement syntaxique typique à chaque unité lexicale. Dans cette optique, nous encodons la cooccurrence des lexies nominales du DiCo avec leurs actants à l'intérieur d'un tableau de régime lexical (aussi connu sous le nom de schéma valenciel, structure argumentale, cadre de sous-catégorisation, structure prédicats-arguments, etc.), en notant entre autres les dépendances syntaxiques de surface impliquées. Dans ce mémoire, nous présentons les propriétés syntaxiques d'une dépendance nominale du français, celle que nous avons nommée attributive adnominale, de façon à exposer une méthodologie d'identification et de caractérisation des dépendances syntaxiques de surface. Nous donnons également la liste des dépendances nominales régies identifiées au cours de ce travail. Par la suite, nous exposons la création d'une base de données de régimes généralisés du français nommée CARNAVAL. Finalement, nous discutons des applications possibles de notre travail, particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la création d'une typologie des régimes lexicaux du français.
This research focuses on the interface between lexical semantics and syntax, and is part of the lexical database project called DiCo (acronym for Dictionnaire de combinatoire) at the Observatoire de Linguistique Sens-Texte [OLST] at the University of Montreal. The project aims to register in a concise and complete way the typical syntactic behavior of each lexical unit directly in the dictionary. To this end, we encode the co-occurrence of the DiCo's nominal lexical units with their actants within a government pattern (also known as valency structure, subcategorization frame, predicate-argument structure, etc.), using, among other things, the surface syntactic dependencies involved. In this dissertation, we present the syntactic properties of a French nominal dependency, the one that we named attributive adnominale, so as to expose a methodology for the identification and the characterization of surface syntactic dependencies. We also give the list of valence-controlled nominal dependencies that were identified in our work. Subsequently, we describe the creation of a database of generalized French government patterns named CARNAVAL. Finally, we discuss possible applications of our work, particularly in regard to the creation of a typology of French government patterns.

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Sláma, Jakub. "Sémantická dědičnost při sufixaci od polysémních slov." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-389225.

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The present thesis deals with, and elaborates on, the concept of sense inheritance (particularly with respect to suffixation in Czech). Drawing on more general remarks on lexical meaning, polysemy, and the semantic relatedness of a derived word and its base, the theoretical part of the thesis delineates the notion of sense inheritance, originating within the framework of construction grammar. It is shown that the idea of sense inheritance has at least implicitly been present in Czech lexicology (cf. the derivational criterion for identifying senses of polysemous words) and lexicography. It is argued that the traditional Czech theory of word formation relies on the assumption of the semantic transparency or even compositionality of motivated words, which can hardly be squared with empirical evidence concerning sense inheritance, nevertheless. In the empirical part of the thesis semantic relations are analyzed that hold between derivatives within 43 word families of polysemous bases (denoting body parts), and subsequently the sense-inheritance properties of the 80 most frequent (hence established and lexicalized) derivatives with the agentive suffix -tel and polysemous base verbs are contrasted with those found in 100 hapax legomena derived from polysemous bases with the same affix. This enables not...

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lexicography and semantics'

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