Academic literature on the topic 'Lexicography and semantics'
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Journal articles on the topic "Lexicography and semantics"
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Golev, Nikolay D. "Lexicographizing as a Method of Describing Vocabulary: Revisiting the Theoretical Legacy of Olga Blinova." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 21 (2021): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/21/1.
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The article develops the idea formulated by Olga Iosifovna Blinova, professor of Tomsk State University, according to which lexicography is one of the methods of studying vocabulary. The material of the study included: (1) theoretical works by Olga Blinova, (2) her lexicographic works, (3) lexicographic experiments of the author of the article and their theoretical understanding, (4) works of other authors on related issues. The main research method used in the article is a comparison of concepts and principles of their implementation in different authors to identify the features of Blinova’s lexicographic theory and practice. The author interprets lexicographizing of a word as a specific approach to the description of its semantics, as a way of its modeling, which consists in its discretization – transformation of continuous semantic space of the language into notional quanta, clots of meaning. In the study, this method is contrasted with other methods of language modeling found in applied language descriptions: in the methods of language teaching, in translation and in compilation of computer programs on a linguistic basis in particular. Much attention is paid to the concept of lexical parameterization, which occurs in the process of lexicographic modeling of the semantic reality of the language. The most important principle of semantics modeling is the parameterization of the meaning of a word and vocabulary in general. The article discusses the features of parameterization in explanatory dictionaries against the background of their opposition to other types of dictionaries: encyclopedic, motivational dictionaries, dictionaries of everyday interpretations of words and frequency dictionaries. To identify these features, the definitions of words in explanatory and encyclopedic dictionaries are analyzed. Such important trends in modern lexicography as overcoming the absolutization of the discreteness of semantics and its simplified definition are analyzed. The article explores the tendency of lexicography to an antropocentric modeling of semantics in dictionaries, a particular manifestation of which is the representation of the content of a word as a conceptual content. In more detail, the article highlights the specifics of the motivational dictionary – one of the main lexicographic works by Blinova, who developed the concept of this type of dictionary and implemented it in practice by creating the Motivational Dialect Dictionary. The final section of the article analyzes Blinova’s idea about the possibility of implementing a project of a complex dictionary, in which the meaning of each word is considered in the mirror of a set of parameters which together give a systematic idea of the functioning, semantics and linguistic connections of the word. The article draws conclusions about the role of Blinova’s theoretical heritage for semasiology, dialectology and lexicography of the Russian language.
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Samoilova, Iryna. "Description of nouns with parametric semantics in an active explanatory dictionary: The lexicographic experiment." Ukrainska mova, no. 3 (2021): 77–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.03.077.
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This article provides an overview of an active type dictionaries in Ukrainian and foreign lexicography. It examines the peculiarities of the structural organization of dictionary articles, presenting of words in a paradigmatic relationship with registry units, displaying the typical syntagmatic properties of units, and case forms. Relying on a wide range of texts in the Ukrainian language corps, the paper describes the words with parametric semantics dalekist’ (farness) and blyz’kist’ (closeness) with respect to the anthropocentric approach. The applied lexicographic experiment is a practical part of studying the topic of compiling an active type explanatory dictionary of the Ukrainian language. This lexicographic experiment was verified on the texts of the corps of semantic paradigms of words presented in the dictionaries of the 20th—21st centuries. It offers checking procedures and vocabulary and text filters. In contrast to the published explanatory dictionaries, the modeled description of language units provides a more complete picture about the functioning of the examined words in texts of different genres, their semantic potential, and stylistics. Keywords: anthropocentric lexicography, active type of dictionary, parametric noun, dictionary entry, text corpus.
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Reichmann, Oskar. "Visions of lexicography of a semantic European." Lexicographica 37, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2021-0003.
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Abstract In this essay, it is assumed that the languages of Latin Europe do have many semantic features in common, which contradicts the prevailing view of a general semantic particularity of every individual language and thus the exploitation for national-political purposes arising from that view. However, the proposition made here requires a summary and the assessment of different semantic concepts led by the idea of commonality. By means of individual cases that can be understood as relevant examples, a vision of lexicography will follow that aims at replacing the biologistic concept of a genetic explanation for contrastive semantics by the concept of a comparative semantics that is based on socio-historical, cultural-historcial and textual-historical arguments. In doing so, a historiography relating to the subject-matter of “semantics” will be suggested that assigns a semantic bridging function to Late Antiquity / Early Medieval Latin in relation to all languages of Latin Europe. The logic of the argument implies that a new era of semantic history begins upon the development of a structure of national languages in Europe, whose historical basis can still be recognised in the semantic communalities.
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Rudakova, Alexandra V. "Theoretical and applied problems of psycholinguistic lexicography." Journal of Psycholinguistic, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 73–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/2077-5911-2022-52-2-73-89.
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The purpose of this paper is to describe the theoretical problems of a new direction – psycholinguistic lexicography. The accumulation of a large amount of factual experimental material required the development of principles for fixing the psycholinguistic description of the meaning of a word in lexicographic sources. The theoretical basis of the study was the ideas of Professor I.A. Sternin, the founder of the Voronezh Psycholinguistic School, about the possibility of describing the psychologically real semantics of a word based on the experimental data and about the formation of psycholinguistic semasiology, the main concept of which is the concept of the psycholinguistic meaning of a word (the meaning of a word represented in the linguistic consciousness of a native speaker), and the main method was that of semantic interpretation of experimental data. The paper shows the main differences between psycholinguistic and traditional explanatory dictionaries. The classification of types of psycholinguistic dictionaries was developed. Two types of psycholinguistic dictionaries were distinguished – associative dictionaries and semantic dictionaries. The principles of presentation of semantic material in psycholinguistic lexicographic sources have a number of distinctive features in comparison with associative dictionaries, the main of which is the indication of the degree of brightness of individual semantic features and individual meanings and their ranking in the descending order of the brightness index. The paper presents the general algorithm for creating a psycholinguistic semantic dictionary and the structure of its dictionary entry. An important issue of the psycholinguistic explanatory dictionary creation is the criterion for selecting its units. The following principles are proposed for the selection of dictionary units of this type of dictionaries: 1) word frequency; 2) social significance; 3) semantic instability; 4) semantic differentiation; 5) part-of-speech reference. A separate direction of psycholinguistic lexicography is represented by differential dictionaries, which contain a comparative description of the semantics of a word in a group language consciousness; various possibilities of constructing a dictionary entry of differential psycholinguistic dictionaries are shown, examples of fixing psycholinguistic meanings of words in differential psycholinguistic dictionaries of the Russian language are given.
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Dash, Niladri Sekhar. "Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography (review)." Language 80, no. 2 (2004): 341–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2004.0070.
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Generalova, E. V. "The lexicographic legacy of Professor B. A. Larin and modern lexicography (to the 130th anniversary of the birth)." Russian language at school 84, no. 1 (January 18, 2023): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2023-84-1-75-84.
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The paper examines the lexicographic legacy left by Professor B. A. Larin (1893–1964). It also points out the direct correlation between Larin’s ideas and the controversial issues and moot points in modern lexicography. I provide a brief review of B. A. Larin’s biography and his philological interests. The conclusion underscores the significance of the lexicographic ideas in the linguist’s works as well as the versatility of his scientific interests. At the same time, they are united by such cross-cutting leitmotifs as a broad historical perspective, studying colloquial speech in its various manifestations, attention to semantics. B. A. Larin’s ideas that were far ahead of their time are identified as a result of comparing the concepts he developed and the directions of modern lexicography evolution. For example, one such idea is a complete dictionary. It directly correlates with the currently relevant project of a complex (universal) dictionary. Moreover, Larin raised the issues of combining linguistic and encyclopaedic information in a historical dictionary as well as of scientific illustration of historical dictionary entries, which are still unresolved. The ideas of bilingual author lexicography, onomastic author lexicography, and historical phraseology proposed by Larin have hardly been implemented yet. The paper emphasises that B. A. Larin is one of the founders of Russian historical lexicography. Also, he created such a type of historical dictionary as the thesaurus of one written monument and became the father of Russian sociolinguistics and comparative phraseology. He formulated principles for describing various aspects of vocabulary, proposed a number of innovative lexicographic projects, thus anticipating many modern lexicographic theories and developments.
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Frawley, William, Henryk Kardela, and Gunnar Persson. "New Trends in Semantics and Lexicography." Language 73, no. 2 (June 1997): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416084.
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Fedotova, Nina L., and Boris N. Kovalenko. "Book Review: Mokienko, V.M. & Nikitina, T.G. (2019) Russkaya Dialektnaya Frazeografya: Differentsial ’nye i Polnye Slovari [Russian Dialect Phraseography: Differential and Complete Dictionaries]. Saint Petersburg; Greifswald: Saint Petersburg State University; Universitat Greifswald." Voprosy leksikografii, no. 18 (2020): 199–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/22274200/18/11.
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The questions of lexicographic description of phraseology of Russian territorial and social dialects are considered. Special attention is paid to the problems of the vocabulary representation of phraseological semantics, historical and etymological commenting on phraseological units and the reflection of the peculiarities of their functioning in the modern sociocultural context. The book is intended for philologists, culturologists, as well as a wide range of readers interested in the problems of Russian phraseology and lexicography.
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ILIEVA, Tatyana. "OLD BULGARIAN PREDICATIVES AND THEIR REPRESENTATION IN HISTORICAL DICTIONARIES." Journal of Bulgarian Language 69, PR (June 29, 2022): 153–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.69.22.pr.10.
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The paper addresses predicatives from a lexicologist’s perspective. The author comments on the mechanism of their formation, their semantics and the paradigmatic relations they enter into as part of the lexical system of the Old Bulgarian language. She also joins the linguistic discussion concerning the so-called category of state. Last but not least, she addresses the lexicographic representation of predicatives in Palaeo-Slavonic dictionaries. Keywords: Slavic historical linguistics, Paleo-Slavonic lexicography, predicatives in Old Slavonic
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Inchaurralde, Carlos. "A Contrastive Study of Lexical Semantics in English." Armenian Folia Anglistika 1, no. 1-2 (1) (October 17, 2005): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.46991/afa/2005.1.1-2.072.
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The article presents the initial generalizations of research in the fields of semantics and lexicography which are based on the examination carried out in 1962. Proceeding from the current results of the research, as well as the criteria elaborated in the fields of modern psycholinguistics and cognitive linguistics, the article puts forward the idea of the expansion of the lexical semantics in English and the existence of a basic semantic structure. The possibility of further similar researches with the inclusion of the Spanish vocabulary is also emphasized in the article.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lexicography and semantics"
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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "O tratamento lexicográfico de vocábulos de cores na perspectiva da semântica cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/32830.
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As definições de cores encontradas nos dicionários semasiológicos do português estão passíveis a uma série de críticas. A análise dos verbetes de cores dos dicionários AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001) e AnMS (1813) revelou que nenhuma destas obras apresentam verbetes de cores satisfatórios no que diz respeito à elucidação do significado de uma cor. Além disso, foi constatado que poucas foram as modificações sofridas nas definições de cores das obras do século XXI quando comparadas à obra do século XIX. O fato de os verbetes de cores dos dias atuais apresentarem falhas semelhantes às dos verbetes de cores de obras editadas há quase 200 anos parece indicar uma lacuna nos estudos lexicográficos que trate das cores nos dicionários. O presente trabalho se dispõe a discutir e tentar preencher esta lacuna. Para tanto, se procurou estabelecer uma relação entre os problemas encontrados nos verbetes de cores e a teoria lexicográfica, a fim de explicar o problema e, se possível, solucioná-lo. A partir dessa primeira análise, foi constatado que os verbetes de cores precisavam ser reestruturados. Para tanto, foi necessário estabelecer parâmetros que elencassem os segmentos informativos realmente necessários em um verbete de cor, para depois, se pensar em reelaborar estes segmentos. Os segmentos informativos reestruturados foram as paráfrases explanatórias e os exemplos, e esta reestruturação se deu com base nos postulados da Semântica Cognitiva. A visão prototípica de categorização, bem como a noção de corporeidade e de experiencialismo trazidas pela Semântica Cognitiva foram bastante proveitosas na discussão a respeito do fenômeno cromático no âmbito da Lexicografia. Através da relação entre teorias lexicográficas e a Semântica Cognitiva, chegou-se à conclusão de que as paráfrases de cores simples devem ser do tipo paráfrase explanatória analítica por metalinguagem do signo extensional e contarem com exemplares universais de cor no seu viés extensional para elucidar a cor. Em relação aos exemplos, eles devem estar alicerçados em padrões sintáticos curtos e frases de construções simples, além de contarem com exemplares prototípicos culturalmente situados das categorias de cor. Em complementação a isto, as cores simples devem contar com o mecanismo de substituição ostensiva, localizado nos textos externos do dicionário, que traga uma gravura da cor definida. A gravura oferecida pelo dicionário deve corresponder à elucidação de uma categoria inteira de cor, em conformidade com os postulados da Semântica Cognitiva sobre categorias prototípicas. Em relação às cores complexas, a Teoria da Mesclagem Conceitual aponta que este tipo de cor não necessita de uma definição, uma vez que seu significado é construído através da decodificação do próprio vocábulo. A proposta oferecida para as cores complexas é que o dicionário faça uma remissão para a cor simples da qual a cor complexa deriva e localize, dentro da categoria de cor simples, a zona correspondente à cor complexa. O desenvolvimento do presente estudo levou à conclusão de que o planejamento e reestruturação dos três segmentos informativos aqui elencados (paráfrase explanatória, exemplos e elementos iconográficos) permite a elaboração de definições mais satisfatórias para vocábulos de cores em dicionários semasiológicos.Color definitions in Portuguese semasiological dictionaries are subject to much criticism. The analysis of color entries in AuE (2004), HouE (2001), MiE (2001), and AnMS (1813) revealed that none of these dictionaries have satisfactory entries when it comes to elucidating the meaning of colors. Moreover, it was observed that color definitions are quite similar when 21th century dictionaries and a 19th century dictionary are contrasted. Finding the same problems in color definitions of current and old dictionaries may indicate a gap in lexicographic studies concerning colors. This thesis aims to discuss and fill this gap. To do so, we tried to relate problems found in color entries to lexicographical theories, in order to explain these problems and, if possible, to solve them. This first analysis led us to conclude that color entries should be restructured. So it was necessary to set parameters, which could establish necessary informative segments to a color entry, and then restructure them. The restructured informative segments were explanatory paraphrases and examples. The restructuring was based on tenets of Cognitive Semantics. The Prototypical Theory and beliefs in Embodiment and Experientialism were very useful to the discussion about the chromatic phenomenon in lexicographical fields. From relating lexicographical theories to Cognitive Semantics, we concluded that simple color paraphrases should be explanatory, analytical paraphrases based on the metalanguage of the extensional sign, and they should rely on universal models of colors in their extensional part. Examples must be founded on short syntactic patterns and sentences with simple construction, relying on culturally situated, prototypical models of color categories. Besides this, simple colors must rely on ostensive replacement, situated in additional sections of the dictionary, which offer a picture of the related color. The picture has to represent/illustrate the entire category of that color, in accordance with the tenets of Cognitive Semantics about prototypical categories. Regarding complex colors, Conceptual Blending Theory shows that this kind of color does not require a definition, once its meaning is constructed by the decoding of the word itself. Our proposal concerning the lexicographical treatment of complex colors is to indicate them within the picture of simple colors. This study led us to conclude that, if one plans and restructures the three informative segments showed here (explanatory paraphrases, examples, and pictures), it is possible to provide more complete definitions of color words in semasiological dictionaries.
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TALLARICO, GIOVANNI LUCA. "La dimensione interculturale nei dizionari bilingue italiano-francese." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/908.
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Le tesi è volta a esplorare la dimensione interculturale nei dizionari bilingue italiano-francese.
La prima parte propone un approccio teorico alla questione. Prendendo le mosse da una ridefinizione delle nozioni di cultura e interculturalità, un excursus storico permette di delineare le relazioni tra lingue e culture. Vengono affrontati in seguito temi come lo statuto epistemologico della lessicografia bilingue e i suoi rapporti con la linguistica; le aporie derivanti dal concetto di equivalenza; la specificità della traduzione nei dizionari bilingue; gli apporti della semantica alla lessicografia. Un’attenzione particolare viene rivolta alle nozioni di scarto semantico, referenziale e culturale e alle lacune lessicali. Ci siamo infine concentrati sul fenomeno della connotazione e su alcune tradizioni di ricerca che sottolineano il valore culturale della lingua.
La seconda parte è incentrata sullo studio del corpus. L’analisi è stata effettuata sulla lettera A dei quattro dizionari presi in esame (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). Si è cercato innanzitutto di sottolineare il valore e la tipologia degli scarti prodotti nell’equivalenza, in particolare di quelli culturali. In seguito, ci si è soffermati sugli esempi a funzione culturale. Infine, un esame delle note culturali e di alcuni falsi prestiti ha consentito di apportare un ulteriore contributo alla problematica.Our thesis aims at exploring the intercultural dimension in Italian-French bilingual dictionaries. The first part represents a theoretical approach to the issue. A definition of the concepts of culture and cross-cultural precedes a study of the relationships between languages and cultures. After that, the following themes are dealt with: the epistemological status of bilingual lexicography and its relationships with linguistics; the semantic hindrances to equivalence; the peculiarity of translation in bilingual lexicography; the contributions of semantics to lexicography. Special attention is also given to the concepts of semantic, referential and cultural gaps and to the lexical gaps in general. In the last two chapters, the focus shifts to connotation and to some approaches that stress the importance of cultural values in language. The second part is a corpus-based study on the letter A of four Italian-French contemporary dictionaries (Boch, Garzanti, Hachette-Paravia, Larousse). We have tried, in particular, to emphasize the role and the typology of the gaps occurring in the equivalence, especially of cultural gaps. Then, we focus on culture-bound examples. Finally, we deal with cultural notes and some false borrowings in Italian, in order to show other aspects of equivalence.
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Bisconti, Valentina. "Le sens en partage. Les outils linguistiques et approches théoriques de la signification [fin XIXe- XXe siècles]." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030163.
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La tension constante qui s’instaure entre dictionnaires et approches théoriques de la signification s’avère une dynamique majeure de l’histoire et de l’historicité des idées linguistiques. Il s’agit dès lors de faire ressortir la perméabilité, les effets de continuité et les ruptures éventuelles entre les dictionnaires en tant qu’outils linguistiques et les approches théoriques qui se penchent sur le sens. La période retenue permet de suivre, sur le moyen terme, les formes de cette interaction. Il s’agit, dans un premier temps, de voir comment la lexicographie monolingue française de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle contribue à la promotion du sens au rang d’objet d’étude. En effet, le dictionnaire s’avère un lieu heuristique révélateur des problèmes théoriques que pose la description sémantique. À partir des matériaux empiriques collectés dans le cadre de cette description de la langue, les linguistes de la fin du XIXe siècle cherchent à parvenir à une synthèse des observations. Une relecture du débat qui se développe autour de l’institutionnalisation de la sémantique au XIXe siècle permet de montrer, dans un deuxième temps, que les dilemmes du lexicographe sont susceptibles d’aboutir à des impasses théoriques. Néanmoins, les failles repérées dans les outils linguistiques sollicitent la réflexion et lui suggèrent de nouvelles hypothèses. Dans un troisième temps, il s’agit de retracer, au cours du XXe siècle, la dispersion de l’interaction entre dictionnaires et approches théoriques du sens et ce, dans des horizons de recherche différents qui adoptent l’outil linguistique comme modèle de la langue, de la compétence sémantique ou comme terrain d’expérimentationThe constant strain between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to signification proves to be one of the major dynamics of the history and the historicity of linguistic ideas. Hence what matters is to bring out the permeability, the effects of continuity and the possible breaking points between dictionaries as linguistic tools and the theoretical approaches that look into meaning. The period considered here provides an understanding of the various forms of this interaction in the medium term. First, this study shows how French monolingual lexicography in the second half of the 19th century contributes to making meaning an object of study. As a matter of fact dictionaries prove to play a heuristic role which reveals the theoretical problems raised by semantic description. From the empirical evidence collected in the context of that description of language, late 19th-century linguists seek to come to a synthesis of observations. A new reading of the debate surrounding the institutionalization of semantics in the 19th century then shows that a lexicographer’s dilemmas are likely to end up in theoretical deadlocks. Nevertheless, the faults found in linguistic tools trigger off further reflection and suggest new hypotheses. Finally, this study aims to trace back the dissipation of the interaction between dictionaries and theoretical approaches to meaning, during the 20th century, thanks to different research perspectives which take on linguistic tools as the model for language, for semantic competence, or as an experimental field
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Rivelis, Eugene. "Kak vozmožen dvujazycnyj slovar’." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska institutionen, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7127.
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This study applies major principles of cognitive linguistics to the task of developing a novel model of the bilingual dictionary called the dictionary for productive comprehension (DPC). Based on conceptual analysis and coherent network representation of entry words, multi-word expressions, and constructions, the DPC provides access to the conventional linguistic knowledge of native speakers. In seeing linguistic units as contentful symbolic forms, the DPC is designed with a view of language as a lexicogrammatical continuum. By constructing the bilingual dictionary at the intersections of the two languages’ concepts under clearly specified conditions of their neutralization, it is given theoretical status. However, the main purport of this study is in the realm of applied lexicography. Among its tasks are: operationalizing conceptual analysis by establishing heuristically viable discovery procedures; working out guidelines for converting conceptual networks into the microstructure of dictionary entries, and for organizing its macrostructure as a natural-language thesaurus of lexicalized and lexicogrammatical concepts; laying a foundation for selecting and locating MWEs, proverbial expressions and constructions in a principled way, and suggesting approaches to organizing the constructicon, the part of the dictionary that contains schematic constructions. The DPC model offers effective remedies for the two major faults of the conventional bilingual dictionary, i.e. unrecognizability of the SL entry as a coherent whole by the TL user, and, consequently, inability to suggest precise cognitive orientations for the user's own production of an equivalent TL text. It proves that the bilingual dictionary can be something other than an inventory of disparate senses, a boundless set of translation equivalents, or an eclectic mixture of the two. By maintaining conceptual integrity of linguistic units, DPC affords the user a means of grasping the essence of a foreign word, MWE, or construction as if they were units of one’s native speech, as well as a generative potential with regard to translating into the TL. At the same time, by making conventional linguistic knowledge of the native speaker explicit, DPC serves the purpose of a learner’s dictionary.
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Souza, Vivian Regina Orsi Galdino de. "Metáforas do universo lexical português e italiano das zonas erógenas : ânus, nádegas, pênis, seios, testículos e vulva /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100098.
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Orientador: Claudia ZavagliaBanca: Claudia Maria Xatara
Banca: Maria Gloria Cusumano Mazzi
Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino
Banca: Paola Giustina Baccin
Resumo: A língua em uso numa sociedade é produto de uma cultura e reflete o pensamento de um povo. Desse modo, as unidades léxicas, por meio dos significados atribuídos por um grupo social, determinam um olhar específico do universo e um sistema de valores. Com esse embasamento, nosso trabalho centra sua atenção num tipo de item lexical específico: as unidades lexicais que nominam os órgãos referentes às zonas erógenas, dos quais destacamos o pênis, a vulva, as nádegas, o ânus, os testículos e os seios, em língua italiana e em língua portuguesa, variante brasileira, partindo da análise do corpus coletado. Intencionamos demonstrar que para a denominação dos órgãos sexuais do corpo humano tende-se a evitar a terminologia anatômica oficial - relegada a contextos de grande formalidade - e adotar outros itens lexicais em situações informais, que possam denominar as referidas partes do corpo com conotação sexual. Muitas das lexias recolhidas não são aceitas em todos os contextos, mas entre pessoas afeiçoadas, encontra-se um emprego mais intenso e que assinala intimidade. Por essa razão usam-se inúmeros sinônimos que servem para suavizar uma determinada unidade lexical, na tentativa de mascarar preconceitos sociais historicamente construídos. Principiamos nossa pesquisa examinando os referidos itens lexicais sob a luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual - pois muitos dos itens empregados têm base metafórica e, na maioria das vezes, eufemística. O produto de nossa pesquisa é a amostragem de um dicionário onomasiológico especial bilíngue, abrangendo o mencionado tipo de unidade lexical estudado. Apresentamos, ainda, dentro dos verbetes quais são os semas (unidades mínimas de significação) presentes nas principais metáforas relativas aos mencionados órgãos. O acréscimo destes se mostra uma inovação em meio ao argumento erótico-obsceno, praticamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe and a system of values. With this basement, our work centers its attention in a specific lexical type: the lexical units that nominates the organs from the erotic zone, that are the penis, the vulva, the buttocks, the anus, the testicles and the breast, in Italian and Portuguese language, Brazilian variety, by analysing our corpus. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology - relegated to the contexts of great formality - and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. Many of the collected items are not accepted in all the contexts, but between known people, they may designate familiarity. Thus, innumerable synonymous are used to alleviate one lexical unit, trying to mask social prejudices historically constructed. We begin our research examinating the cited lexical items under the light of the theory of the conceptual metaphor - because many of the employed items have a metaphorical and also euphemistics basis. The product of our research is a special onomasiological bilingual dictionary, enclosing part of the mentioned studied of the lexical type. We introduce also in the entries of it semes (minimal meaning unit) present in the main metaphors related to these organs. The addition of these semes reveals an innovation in the study of the erotical-obscene argument, practically unexplored by the linguists. We intend, with this research, to be able to collaborate to demystify some prejudices related to the erotical-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation and to stimulate reflections of it, whose examination of the metaphors... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Lyle, Kristopher Aaron. "A cognitive semantic assessment of עִם and אֵת's semantic potential." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20018.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis provides a critical assessment of the semantic potential of two Biblical Hebrew lexemes: עִם and אֵת . Previous lexical inquiries of the target lexemes provide the impetus for the current research; this is because the linguistic frameworks assumed by these studies are outmatched in the amount of explanatory power accompanying more recent theoretical developments, primarily evidenced within Cognitive linguistics (and semantics). As its methodological framework, the current study then appropriates these new advances and demonstrates a semantic potential of the target lexemes that can be determined through criteria offered by Tyler and Evans (2003). This criteria specifically aids in the task of semantic demarcation as well as identifying the primary sense, from which the remaining network of senses are derived. Furthermore, not only is an attempt made at representing the range of עִם and אֵת 's semantic potential, but a proposal for the development of these senses is offered as well. This is done primarily through an implementation of the theory of grammaticalization, as posited by Heine et al. (1991). The identified semantic networks are then analyzed from two different perspectives of lexical inquiry: 1) as a monosemy-polysemy cline, and 2) from both a semasiological and onomasiological point of departure (the latter method of onomasiology represents a unique contribution to the assessment of עִם and אֵת since most Biblical Hebrew lexical inquiries are limited to being a semasiological endeavor). The investigation uses the Pentateuch as its data-set and reveals a representation of (at least) eleven distinct senses in עִם 's semantic network as well as אֵת 's. Even though each lexeme's semantic potential is comprised of primarily the same senses, these eleven distinct senses are not completely synonymous and represent different meanings. Significantly, it is determined that 1) both target lexemes share the same primary sense (i.e., proto-scene), 2) both indicate the same core senses and consequently, 3) the target lexemes may rightly be considered as near synonyms.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING:Hierdie tesis bied 'n kritiese evaluering van die semantiese potensiaal van twee Bybelse Hebreeus lekseme: עִם en אֵת . Gebreke in bestaande navorsing ten opsigte van hierdie twee lekseme het die impuls verskaf vir hierdie projek. Onlangse ontwikkelinge in teoretiese taalkunde, in besonder kognitiewe taalkunde (en semantiek), het aangetoon dat die modelle in terme waarvan die bestaande beskrywing van die lekseme gedoen is, agterhaal is. Hierdie studie gebruik die perspektiewe wat kognitiewe semantiek bied om die semantiese potensiaal van hierdie twee Bybels-Hebreeuse lekseme te beskryf. Kriteria wat deur Tyler en Evans (2003) geformuleer is in hulle beskrywing van ‘n aantal Engelse voorsetsels, word as metodologiese vertrekpunt gebruik. Hierdie kriteria is veral nuttig in die semantiese afbakening, asook die identifisering van die primêre betekenis van die lekseme. Lg. bied die basis in terme waarvan die res van netwerk van betekenisonderskeidings beskryf word. In die studie word nie net die gepoog om die verskillende betekenisse van die lekseme te beskryf nie, maar daar word ook gepoog om aan te dui hoe die verskillende onderskeidings ontwikkel het. Dit word primêr gedoen in terme van die grammatikaliseringsteorie van Heine et al (1991). Die semantiese netwerke wat geïdentifiseer is, word vanuit twee verskillende perspektiewe van leksikale ondersoek gedoen: 1) die mono-polisemiese klien (“cline”) en 2) ‘n semasiologiese en onomasiologiese vertrekpunt. Laasgenoemde benadering tot onomasiologie verteenwoordig ‘n unieke bydrae tot die beskrywing van עִם en אֵת aangesien die meeste bestaande Bybels-Hebreeuse beskrywings van die lekseme semasiologies van aard is. Hierdie ondersoek is beperk tot die gebruik van עִם en אֵת in die Pentateug. Ten minste 11 verskillende betekenisseonderskeidings word vir beide lekseme geïdentifiseer. Alhoewel beide lekseme se semantiese potensiaal in baie opsigte dieselfde is, is dit nie presies identies nie. Wat wel merkwaardig is, is 1) dat beide lekseme dieselfde basiese betekenis (dit is die sg. “proto-scene”) het, 2) dat beide dieselfde kernbetekenisonderskeidings het en dat gevolglik 3) hulle as naby-sinonieme bestempel kan word.
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Souza, Vivian Regina Orsi Galdino de [UNESP]. "Metáforas do universo lexical português e italiano das zonas erógenas: ânus, nádegas, pênis, seios, testículos e vulva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100098.
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A língua em uso numa sociedade é produto de uma cultura e reflete o pensamento de um povo. Desse modo, as unidades léxicas, por meio dos significados atribuídos por um grupo social, determinam um olhar específico do universo e um sistema de valores. Com esse embasamento, nosso trabalho centra sua atenção num tipo de item lexical específico: as unidades lexicais que nominam os órgãos referentes às zonas erógenas, dos quais destacamos o pênis, a vulva, as nádegas, o ânus, os testículos e os seios, em língua italiana e em língua portuguesa, variante brasileira, partindo da análise do corpus coletado. Intencionamos demonstrar que para a denominação dos órgãos sexuais do corpo humano tende-se a evitar a terminologia anatômica oficial – relegada a contextos de grande formalidade – e adotar outros itens lexicais em situações informais, que possam denominar as referidas partes do corpo com conotação sexual. Muitas das lexias recolhidas não são aceitas em todos os contextos, mas entre pessoas afeiçoadas, encontra-se um emprego mais intenso e que assinala intimidade. Por essa razão usam-se inúmeros sinônimos que servem para suavizar uma determinada unidade lexical, na tentativa de mascarar preconceitos sociais historicamente construídos. Principiamos nossa pesquisa examinando os referidos itens lexicais sob a luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual – pois muitos dos itens empregados têm base metafórica e, na maioria das vezes, eufemística. O produto de nossa pesquisa é a amostragem de um dicionário onomasiológico especial bilíngue, abrangendo o mencionado tipo de unidade lexical estudado. Apresentamos, ainda, dentro dos verbetes quais são os semas (unidades mínimas de significação) presentes nas principais metáforas relativas aos mencionados órgãos. O acréscimo destes se mostra uma inovação em meio ao argumento erótico-obsceno, praticamente...
The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe and a system of values. With this basement, our work centers its attention in a specific lexical type: the lexical units that nominates the organs from the erotic zone, that are the penis, the vulva, the buttocks, the anus, the testicles and the breast, in Italian and Portuguese language, Brazilian variety, by analysing our corpus. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology – relegated to the contexts of great formality – and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. Many of the collected items are not accepted in all the contexts, but between known people, they may designate familiarity. Thus, innumerable synonymous are used to alleviate one lexical unit, trying to mask social prejudices historically constructed. We begin our research examinating the cited lexical items under the light of the theory of the conceptual metaphor – because many of the employed items have a metaphorical and also euphemistics basis. The product of our research is a special onomasiological bilingual dictionary, enclosing part of the mentioned studied of the lexical type. We introduce also in the entries of it semes (minimal meaning unit) present in the main metaphors related to these organs. The addition of these semes reveals an innovation in the study of the erotical-obscene argument, practically unexplored by the linguists. We intend, with this research, to be able to collaborate to demystify some prejudices related to the erotical-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation and to stimulate reflections of it, whose examination of the metaphors... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Brangel, Larissa Moreira. "Proposta teórico-metodológica para a geração de paráfrases explanatórias em dicionários voltados para crinaças : uma abordagem cognitiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134328.
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A inclusão dos dicionários escolares de língua portuguesa no Programa Nacional do Livro didático, no início dos anos 2000, alavancou consideravelmente o interesse por este tipo de obra no Brasil, tanto por parte de estudiosos da linguagem, como por parte de editoras e órgãos governamentais. No entanto, ainda que o aumento na demanda tenha impulsionado a produção dicionarística do mercado editorial brasileiro, pouco se tem refletido sobre como compilar dicionários voltados ao público escolar à luz de parâmetros teóricos e metodológicos. Como resultado, verifica-se a proliferação de obras elaboradas sob critérios demasiadamente impressionistas e que pouco atendem aos anseios de seus potenciais consulentes. Com o objetivo de preencher uma das tantas lacunas da pesquisa lexicográfica brasileira, a presente tese doutoral elabora uma metodologia que, fundamentada nos princípios da semântica cognitiva, almeja auxiliar a geração de paráfrases explanatórias voltadas a alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Para tanto, foi necessário reavaliar a atual proposta do PNLD Dicionários, com especial atenção ao primeiro e ao segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, e reformular a classificação das obras lexicográficas escolares deste período. A partir desta reformulação, propôs-se a elaboração de um dicionário intermediário, voltado para o segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, e especificaram-se as características essenciais da obra (enquadramento taxonômico, perfil do usuário e função). Fixadas estas informações, passou-se ao desenvolvimento da metodologia propriamente dita, cuja aplicação se restringiu ao grupo dos substantivos. A elaboração da metodologia pressupôs (a) o enquadramento das paráfrases em uma taxonomia de paráfrases explanatórias, (b) a formulação de padrões sintáticos tendo em vista as especificidades do tipo de substantivo a ser definido, e (c) a aplicação de princípios da semântica cognitiva na seleção das informações vinculadas pela paráfrase. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a elaboração de paráfrases ad hoc orientadas teórica e metodologicamente ao público ao qual se destinam. Ao final da tese, avaliou-se o nível de inteligibilidade das paráfrases por intermédio de uma ferramenta de processamento da linguagem natural. Os resultados da análise sugerem que, de maneira geral, as paráfrases elaboradas estão em consonância com a capacidade de interpretação de alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental, cumprindo, assim, os objetivos da tese e propiciando um avanço à lexicografia pedagógica brasileira.The inclusion of school dictionaries in Programa Nacional do Livro Didático [Brazilian textbook national programme], in the early 2000s, has dramatically increased the interest of language experts as well as publishing companies and government entities in this kind of reference work. However, although the increase in demand has expanded dictionary production among Brazilian publishing houses, there has been very little thought on how to compile school dictionaries taking into account theoretical and methodological parameters. As a result, there is a proliferation of school dictionaries produced based on impressionistic criteria and which do not really help their potential users. To fulfill one of the many gaps of the Brazilian lexicographical research, this PhD dissertation proposes a methodology which, based on cognitive semantics principles, will contribute to the writing of lexicographical definitions for children aged 9 and 10. Therefore, the current lexicographical proposal by the Brazilian textbook national programme had to be re-evaluated and reformulated, with special attention to the first five years of primary school. After that, it was suggested an intermediate dictionary, which would be suitable for the 4th and 5th years of primary school, and the main features of this specific dictionary (taxonomic classification, user profile and function) were established. Bearing in mind all those items, the methodology itself could be developed, with its application restricted to the noun class, only. The methodology combined (a) the classification of the definitions into a taxonomy of lexicographical definitions, (b) the formulation of distinct syntactic patterns according to the different kinds of nouns, and (c) the use of cognitive semantic principles to select the information offered by the definition. The results allowed the creation of ad hoc definitions sustained by a theoretical and methodological framework which takes into account the target audience of the definition. At the end of the dissertation, the readability level of the definitions was evaluated using a natural language processing tool. The analysis results suggest that, in general, the definitions created using the methodology are in consonance with the interpretative capacity of students in the 4th and 5th years of primary school, hence reaching the dissertation goals and providing the Brazilian pedagogical lexicography with major improvements.
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Yang, Li. "Improving Topic Tracking with Domain Chaining." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4274/.
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Topic Detection and Tracking (TDT) research has produced some successful statistical tracking systems. While lexical chaining, a non-statistical approach, has also been applied to the task of tracking by Carthy and Stokes for the 2001 TDT evaluation, an efficient tracking system based on this technology has yet to be developed. In thesis we investigate two new techniques which can improve Carthy's original design. First, at the core of our system is a semantic domain chainer. This chainer relies not only on the WordNet database for semantic relationships but also on Magnini's semantic domain database, which is an extension of WordNet. The domain-chaining algorithm is a linear algorithm. Second, to handle proper nouns, we gather all of the ones that occur in a news story together in a chain reserved for proper nouns. In this thesis we also discuss the linguistic limitations of lexical chainers to represent textual meaning.
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Silva, Luciane Cristina Camelo [UNESP]. "Prefixos latinos de movimento: um estudo morfológico e lexicográfico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/103589.
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A derivação é apresentada pelas gramáticas tradicionais como uma lista de prefixos e sufixos, divididos em gregos e latinos, com seus significados e acompanhados de exemplos. Com essa limitação no estudo da derivação, não são apresentadas as possíveis combinações das unidades lexicais com os prefixos, nem tampouco é admitido que, para se formar um derivado prefixado, é preciso que a base a que se junta o prefixo aceite a significação que lhe será impressa. Outra falha ocorre nos dicionários que se limitam a definir as entradas lexicais não contextualizadas dificultando o entendimento do significado da unidade derivada, pois nem sempre é possível entender sua formação visto que o prefixo pode admitir significados diferentes e somente o contexto pode precisar esse significado. Desta forma, o processo de formação de palavras tradicionalmente atrbuído à morfologia deve envolver também outros níveis da língua: sintaxe, semântica e pragmática. Uma vez considerados esses níveis é possível estabelecer paradigmas que sistematizem a formação de palavras considerando o significado do derivado contextualizando e os semas contidos na base. Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar o paradigma derivacional dos verbos formados por prefixos latinos de movimento, o tipo de base a que se anexam os prefixos, as classes gramticais que entram na formação do derivado e o dignificado contextual do prefixo na unidade lexical analisando o valor semântico do derivado, bem como as interferências pragmáticas. Cnclui-se que, analisando o derivado sob a perspectiva morfológica, semântica, sintática e pragmática, é possível estabelecer um paradigma do sistema prefixal da língua considerando o aspecto diacrônico dos prefixos, os semas das unidades lexicais, agrupando as unidades que apresentam semas comuns e o comportamento pragmético da unidade derivada.
The derivation is presented by the traditional grammars as a list of prefixes and suffices, divided into Greek and Latin, with their meanings and accompained by examples. With this limitation in the study of the derivation, possible combinations of the lexical units with the prefixes are not presented. In addition, it is not admitted that, in order to from a derived prefix it is necessary that the base to which the prefix joins, accepts its new signification. Another failure occurs in dictionaries that only define the non-contextualized lexical entries, making it difficult to understand the meaning of the derived unit, as it is not always possible to undestand its formation, since the prefix can admit different meanings and only the context may clarify this meaning. Therefore, the formation process of words, traditionally ascribed to morphology, may also involve other levels of the language: syntax, semantics and pragmatics. Once considered these sectors, it is possible to establish that systematize the formation of words, considering the meaning of the contextualized derived and the semes contaimed in the base. This paper has had the aim to identiflay the derivational paradigm of the verbs formed by Latin prefixes of movement, the kind of base to which the prefixes attach, the grammatical classes that enter in the formation of the derived and the contextual meaning of the prefix in the lexical unit, analyzing the semantic value of the derived, as well as the pragmatic interferences. It was concluded that, analysing the derived under the morphological, semantic, and pragmatic perspectives, it is possoble to establish a paradigm of the prefix system of the language considering the diachronic aspect of the prefixes, the semes of the lexical units, joing the units that present common semes and the pragmatic behavior of the derived unit.
Books on the topic "Lexicography and semantics"
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Wiegand, Herbert Ernst. Semantics and Lexicography. Edited by Antje Immken and Werner Wolski. Berlin, New York: DE GRUYTER, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110946048.
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Coleman, Julie, and Christian J. Kay, eds. Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.
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Jerzy, Tomaszczyk, and Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara, eds. Meaning and lexicography. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1990.
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Lexicography and conceptual analysis. Ann Arbor: Karoma, 1985.
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Wiegand, Herbert Ernst. Semantics and lexicography: Selected studies (1976-1996). Tübingen: M. Niemeyer, 1999.
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University of Melbourne. Department of Classics and Archaeology., ed. Studies in ancient Hebrew semantics. Louvain, Belgium: Peeters Press, 1995.
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1971-, Boas Hans Christian, ed. Multilingual FrameNets in computational lexicography: Methods and applications. New York, NY: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009.
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Vidovič-Muha, Ada. Slovensko leksikalno pomenoslovje: Slovene lexical semantics. Ljubljana: Univerza v Ljubljani, Filozofska fakulteta, 2013.
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Mikołajczak-Matyja, Nawoja. Definiowanie pojęć przez przeciętnych użytkowników i przez leksykografów. Poznań: Sorus, 1998.
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Geeb, Franziskus. Semantische und enzyklopädische Informationen in Fachwörterbüchern: Eine Untersuchung zu fachinformativen Informationstypen mit besonderer Berucksichtigung wortgebundener Darstellungsformen. Aarhus, Dänemark: Wirtschaftsuniversität Aarhus, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Lexicography and semantics"
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Rey, Alain. "Definitional semantics." In Meaning and Lexicography, 43. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/llsee.28.08rey.
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Kay, Christian J. "Historical Semantics and Historical Lexicography." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 53. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.07kay.
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Fischer, Andreas. "Lexical Gaps, Cognition and Linguistic Change." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 1. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.04fis.
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Rundblad, Gabriella, and David B. Kronenfeld. "Folk-Etymology." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 19. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.05run.
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Koivisto-Alanko, Päivi. "Mechanisms of Semantic Change in Nouns of Cognition." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 35. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.06koi.
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Coleman, Julie. "Strange Linguists." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 69. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.08col.
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Gotti, Maurizio. "Lexical Choices in an Early Galilean Translation." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 87. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.09got.
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Biggam, Carole P. "Grund to Hrof." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 103. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.10big.
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Tissari, Heli. "Five Hundred Years of Love." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 127. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.11tis.
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Sylvester, Louise. "The Vocabulary of Consent in Middle English." In Lexicology, Semantics and Lexicography, 157. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.194.12syl.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Lexicography and semantics"
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Onipenko, Nadezhda K., and Elena N. Nikitina. "“Russian verbs: semantics and grammar” dictionary: results of work and perspectives." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-26.
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The paper proposes lexicographic parameters of Russian verbs description in a dictionary of semantics and grammar. The paper pays special attention to connection between semantic clustering of verbs and their morphologic paradigm.
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Shatokhina, Anastasia O. "Semantics of the emotive nouns in the mature novels by F.M. Dostoevsky." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-103.
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The report focuses on the semantics of such emotive nouns as “fever” (goriachka), “delirium” (bred) and “febrility” (likhoradka) in the mature novels by F.M. Dostoevsky. The author’s interpretation of the mentioned lexical units is elicited, their role in formation of the characters’ psychological portraits and the meaning of the text as a whole is described.
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Voronina, Tatyana M. "Intellectual activity and its characteristics in the Russian language (by the dictionary of synonymic and antonymic sets)." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-128.
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The report analyzes semantics of lexical units representing intellectual activity by focusing on the relations of identity and contrast. The analysis uses the data of the ideographic dictionary of synonymic and antonymic sets (project led by Prof. L.G. Babenko).
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Shmelev, Alexei D. "Lexicographic description of language specific words in the light of translation." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-4.
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This paper assumes that one may regard translation equivalents and paraphrases of a language-specific word extracted from translated texts as well as stimuli for its occurrence in a translated text as a source of information about its semantics and a tool for refining its lexicographic description.
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Khiznichenko, Anna V., and Larisa B. Kryukova. "Linguistic units with semantics of sound in the «Dictionary of perceptual images of the poetic works by B.L. Pasternak»." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-101.
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The section of the author's dictionary, which presents perceptual images of sound, represented in the poems by B.L. Pasternak is described. The general principles of text material classification are considered and a version of the language entry (perceptual image "music") is proposed. The focus is on individual style particularities and the text-forming potential of linguistic units with semantics of sensual perception.
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Borisova, Elena G. "Dictionary for speech activity: what will be the entry?" In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-80.
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The author concerns the problem of representing lexical information when the user is looking for the necessary lexeme. The entry cannot be the lexeme but should represent its semantics. It is proposed to turn to the more abstract entity that can be called function. Particles and interjections are represented by their functions in dictionaries.
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Nikitina, Tatiana G., and Elena I. Rogaleva. "Paremiological dictionary as a linguo-axiological source." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-38.
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The article reveals the axiological potential of different types of paremiological dictionaries. The techniques used by lexicographers to represent the axiological semantics of paroemias are analyzed. Examples of development of this parameter in dictionary projects implemented in the Experimental laboratory of educational lexicography of Pskov University are shown. Special attention is paid to dictionaries for foreign studens.
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Bozenkova, Natalia A., and Ekaterina V. Rubleva. "Lexicographic description of the «Brief dictionary of IT terms for language education specialists»." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-78.
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The article is devoted to the characteristics of a short dictionary of IT terms for specialists in language education. The article analyzes the peculiarities of lexicographic definition, and focuses on the difficulties and problems associated with the description of new terminological concepts and definitions that arise in the development of information and communication technologies and their active implementation in language education. The principles of term selection, various ways of semantics and translation are considered. The structure of the dictionary, features of dictionary entries and indexes are described. Examples of dictionary entries are provided.
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Bankova, Tatyana B. "Linguоcultural commentary in the «Dictionary of the Siberian wedding ceremony»." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-125.
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Тhe article is devoted to the study of the components of the linguoculturological commentary of the ritual words of dialect linguoculture in the "Dictionary of the Siberian wedding ceremony." The work based on the dialects of the Middle Ob region, objectifying linguoculture. The dialect lexicon has an extensive corpus of units serving the Russian national wedding ceremony. Their semantics is a multicomponent structure that contains a unique layer that represents the national identity of Russian ritual culture. The work reveal at identifying the components of the commentary, establishing their hierarchy, clarifying the specifics of the presentation of the most significant components.
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Kim, Lydia G. "Linguodidactic Possibilities of «Multilingual Dictionary of Ordinary Semantics of Bionyms» as a Source for Comparative Study of Naive World Picture of Speakers of Different Languages." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-82.
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The article presents the project consisting in the creation of a new multilingual dictionary. The lexicographer in this dictionary is an ordinary language user. The collected materials show the naïve view of native speakers from Russia, Serbia, Kazakhstan and other countries on the meaning of words denoting nature phenomena (flora and fauna). Theoretical principles are illustrated through the analysis of the bionim a donkey.
Reports on the topic "Lexicography and semantics"
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NARYKOVA, N. A., S. V. KHATAGOVA, and Yu R. PEREPELITSYNA. PEJORATIVE WORDS IN GERMAN MASS-MEDIA IN NOMINATIONS OF POLITICIANS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-14-1-3-57-68.
Full textAbstract:
One of the main functions of mass media is influence on public opinion. So emotionally-painted lexical means are widely used in mass media in relation to leading politicians who are the centre of political arena. They are exposed to the frequent criticism, a negative estimation. The present article is devoted to the consideration of pejorative lexicon which is applied in nominations for heads of states. An empirical material of research were electronic newspapers and editions: Der Spiegel, Die Zeit, Sueddeutsche Zeitung, Der Tagesspiegel, taz, Die Welt, Gegenblende. As the basic methods of research are the following: the componental analysis, the lexico-semantic analysis, the stylistic analysis. The result of research revealed, that in German mass media there is a significant amount of persons names pejorative colouring. They express censure, disrespect, sneer, hatred, antipathy, condemnation, mistrust and so on. There main word-formations for persons nominations are composition, a derivation with using of suffixes and subsuffixes, attributive word-combinations, metaphorically-metonymical way. The materials of the research work can be used in the course of learning German language, at the practical training in oral speech, and also in the course of lexicology, general and aspect lexicography.